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<!DOCTYPE health-topics PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD health-topics //EN" "https://medlineplus.gov/xml/mplus_topics.dtd">
<health-topics total="2044" date-generated="10/03/2024 02:30:27">
<health-topic meta-desc="If you are being tested for Type 2 diabetes, your doctor gives you an A1C test. The test is also used to monitor your A1C levels." title="A1C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308" language="English" date-created="12/22/2015">
<also-called>Glycohemoglobin</also-called>
<also-called>HbA1C</also-called>
<also-called>Hemoglobin A1C test</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A1C is a blood test for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;. It measures your average blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, level over the past 3 months. Doctors may use the A1C alone or in combination with other diabetes tests to make a diagnosis. They also use the A1C to see how well you are managing your diabetes. This test is different from the blood sugar checks that people with diabetes do every day.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your A1C test result is given in percentages. The higher the percentage, the higher your blood sugar levels have been:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A normal A1C level is below 5.7%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prediabetes is between 5.7 to 6.4%. Having prediabetes is a risk factor for getting type 2 diabetes. People with prediabetes may need retests every year.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type 2 diabetes is above 6.5%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have diabetes, you should have the A1C test at least twice a year. The A1C goal for many people with diabetes is below 7. It may be different for you. Ask what your goal should be. If your A1C result is too high, you may need to change your diabetes care plan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" id="6309" language="Spanish">Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006442">Glycated Hemoglobin</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hemoglobin A1c</see-reference>
<site title="A1C and eAG" url="https://diabetes.org/a1c-eag-conversion-calculator" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/tratamiento-y-cuidado/el-control-de-la-glucosa-en-la-sangre/a1c-y-eag.html?loc=lwd-es-slabnav">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="A1C test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="A1C Test and Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/prueba-a1c-diabetes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="A1C Test and Race/Ethnicity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemoglobin A1C" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Hemoglobin+A1C%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-a1c-hba1c-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hemoglobina-a1c/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="A1C" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glycated+Hemoglobin%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Understanding A1C" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/a1c">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Stomach aches can be painful. Find out what might be the cause of your abdominal pain. " title="Abdominal Pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html" id="3061" language="English" date-created="01/07/2003">
<also-called>Bellyache</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your abdomen extends from below your chest to your groin. Some people call it the stomach, but your abdomen contains many other important organs. Pain in the abdomen can come from any one of them. The pain may start somewhere else, such as your chest. Severe pain doesn't always mean a serious problem. Nor does mild pain mean a problem is not serious. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Call your health care provider if mild pain lasts a week or more or if you have pain with other symptoms. Get medical help immediately if:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	You have abdominal pain that is sudden and sharp&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You also have pain in your chest, neck or shoulder &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	You're vomiting blood or have blood in your stool &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Your abdomen is stiff, hard and tender to touch &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You can't move your bowels, especially if you're also vomiting &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062" language="Spanish">Dolor abdominal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015746">Abdominal Pain</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html" id="4293">Indigestion</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html" id="4486">Pelvic Pain</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bellyache</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pain, Abdominal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stomach Ache</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal and Pelvic CT (Computed Tomography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal mass" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003274.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/abdominal-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050728?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003120.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Long-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Short-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain Syndrome" url="https://gi.org/topics/abdominal-pain/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/dolor-abdominal/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal rigidity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003136.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003136.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Abdominal Pain" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Abdominal+Pain%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colic" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/colic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/colic.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colic in Babies" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/colic/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/colicos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Stomachaches (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stomachaches-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flank pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003113.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional Abdominal Pain (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/functional-abdominal-pain.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional Dyspepsia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion (Dyspepsia)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/indigestion-dyspepsia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/indigestion-dispepsia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intussusception" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intussusception.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intussusception.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intussusception - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mittelschmerz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001503.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdomus-pdi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdomus-pdi">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001335.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Point tenderness - abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003273.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal pain" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal+Pain%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Small intestinal ischemia and infarction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomachaches (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/abdominal-pain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/abdominal-pain.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomachaches (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stomachaches.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stomachaches.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking about GI Disorders" url="https://aboutkidsgi.org/living-with-gi-disorders/talking-about-gi-disorders/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Abdomen (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An abortion is a medical procedure to end a pregnancy. It uses medicine or surgery to remove the embryo or fetus and placenta from the uterus. " title="Abortion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/abortion.html" id="122" language="English" date-created="03/19/2002">
<also-called>Induced Abortion</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An induced abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It can be done two different ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007382.htm"&gt;Medication abortion&lt;/a&gt; (also called medical abortion)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002912.htm"&gt;Procedural abortion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An induced abortion is different from a spontaneous abortion. That is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy. It is more commonly known as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are thinking of having an induced abortion, talk with your health care provider. Your provider can explain how the procedures are done, as well as the risks and benefits of each.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abortion.html" id="2238" language="Spanish">Aborto</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000028">Abortion, Induced</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/abortion.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/abortion.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/abortion.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abortion.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/abortion.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/abortion.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<site title="Abortion - medication" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007382.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abortion - procedure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002912.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abortion - procedure - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000658.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abortion Care" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/induced-abortion" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-aborto-provocado">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Could an Elective Abortion Raise the Risk of Problems in a Future Pregnancy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="D and C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilation and curettage (D&amp;C)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dilation-and-curettage/about/pac-20384910?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ending a Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/ending-a-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ponerle-fin-a-un-embarazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ending pregnancy with medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000835.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000835.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know Your Rights: Reproductive Health Care" url="https://reproductiverights.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://reproductiverights.gov/es/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Abortion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/medical-abortion/about/pac-20394687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/medical-abortion/about/pac-20394687?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Choices: Raising the Baby, Adoption, and Abortion" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/pregnancy-choices-raising-the-baby-adoption-and-abortion">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Induced abortion" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abortion%2C+Induced%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions and Answers on Mifepristone for Medical Termination of Pregnancy Through Ten Weeks Gestation" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/questions-and-answers-mifepristone-medical-termination-pregnancy-through-ten-weeks-gestation">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do When Your Pregnancy Is Unexpected" url="https://familydoctor.org/what-to-do-when-your-pregnancy-is-unexpected/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-hacer-cuando-su-embarazo-es-inesperado/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un aborto es un procedimiento médico para terminar un embarazo. Usa medicinas o cirugía para retirar el embrión o el feto y la placenta del útero." title="Aborto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abortion.html" id="2238" language="Spanish" date-created="10/31/2006">
<also-called>Aborto terapéutico</also-called>
<also-called>Interrupción del embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un aborto inducido es un procedimiento para terminar un embarazo. Se puede hacer de dos maneras diferentes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007382.htm"&gt;Aborto con medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002912.htm"&gt;Aborto quirúrgico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un aborto inducido es diferente de un aborto espontáneo. Es la pérdida de un embarazo antes de la semana 20 de embarazo. Se le conoce más comúnmente como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;pérdida del embarazo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está pensando en hacerse un aborto inducido, hable con su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor puede explicarle cómo se realizan los procedimientos, así como los riesgos y beneficios de cada tipo.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abortion.html" id="122" language="English">Abortion</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Aborto médico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/medical-abortion/about/pac-20394687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/medical-abortion/about/pac-20394687?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aborto: Medicamento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007382.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aborto: Procedimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002912.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aborto: Procedimiento y cuidados posteriores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000658.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca sus derechos: Atención de la salud reproductiva" url="https://reproductiverights.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://reproductiverights.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ponerle fin a un embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ponerle-fin-a-un-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/ending-a-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer cuando su embarazo es no planificado" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-hacer-cuando-su-embarazo-es-inesperado/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-to-do-when-your-pregnancy-is-unexpected/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie del procedimiento de dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terminación del embarazo con medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000835.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000835.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Podría un aborto aumentar el riesgo de problemas en un embarazo posterior?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los abscesos se llenan de pus y pueden aparecer en cualquier parte del cuerpo. Pueden ser dolorosos. Entérese sobre los tipos de abscesos y cómo se tratan." title="Abscesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html" id="3064" language="Spanish" date-created="09/15/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un absceso es una cavidad donde se acumula pus. Se puede tener abscesos en casi cualquier parte del cuerpo. Cuando un área se infecta, el sistema inmunitario intenta combatir la infección. Los glóbulos blancos se dirigen hacia el área infectada, se acumulan dentro del tejido lesionado y causan inflamación. Durante este proceso se forma el pus. El pus es una mezcla de células sanguíneas blancas, gérmenes y tejido muerto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las bacterias, los virus, los parásitos y objetos ingeridos pueden causar la formación de abscesos. Los abscesos en la piel son fáciles de detectar porque son zonas enrojecidas, hinchadas y dolorosas. Los que se encuentran dentro del cuerpo pueden quizá no ser obvios y pueden lesionar órganos, incluso el cerebro, los pulmones y otros. Los tratamientos incluyen drenarlos y tomar antibióticos. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html" id="3063" language="English">Abscess</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html" id="1977">Enfermedades infecciosas</related-topic>
<site title="Absceso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001353.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso anal y la fístula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso anorrectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001519.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000783.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001405.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000863.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso dental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001060.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso en abdomen o pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000212.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001416.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso hepático amebiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000211.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso hepático piógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000261.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso o quiste de Bartolino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001489.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso pancreático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000270.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso periamigdalino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/absceso-periamigdalino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peritonsillar-abscess/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Absceso periamigdalino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000986.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso perirrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001274.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso pulmonar" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/absceso-pulmonar/absceso-pulmonar" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/abscess-in-the-lungs/abscess-in-the-lungs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso retrofaríngeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000984.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso subareolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001501.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscesos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abscess.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abscess.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscesos periamigdalinos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinomicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000599.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergiloma pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000127.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003451.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis amigdalina y absceso amigdalino" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-boca-y-la-garganta/celulitis-amigdalina-y-absceso-amigdalino" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/mouth-and-throat-disorders/tonsillar-cellulitis-and-tonsillar-abscess">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de quiste pilonidal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007591.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje percutáneo de absceso" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/PercAbscessDrn" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/PercAbscessDrn">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por TAC (tomografía axial computada)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foliculitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de glóbulos blancos marcados con Indio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003382.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de la glándula de Bartolino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/quiste-de-la-glandula-de-bartolino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bartholins-gland-cyst/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste pilonidal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Abscesses are filled with pus and can occur anywhere on your body. They can be painful. Learn about types of abscesses and how they are treated. " title="Abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html" id="3063" language="English" date-created="01/09/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An abscess is a pocket of pus. You can get an abscess almost anywhere in your body. When an area of your body becomes infected, your body's immune system tries to fight the infection. White blood cells go to the infected area, collect within the damaged tissue, and cause inflammation. During this process, pus forms. Pus is a mixture of living and dead white blood cells, germs, and dead tissue. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bacteria, viruses, parasites and swallowed objects can all lead to abscesses. Skin abscesses are easy to detect. They are red, raised and painful. Abscesses inside your body may not be obvious and can damage organs, including the brain, lungs and others. Treatments include drainage and antibiotics. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html" id="3064" language="Spanish">Abscesos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000038">Abscess</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html" id="513">Infectious Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="Abscess" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/abscess?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001353.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscess" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/abscess?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscess - abdomen or pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000212.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscess in the Lungs" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/abscess-in-the-lungs/abscess-in-the-lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/absceso-pulmonar/absceso-pulmonar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinomycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000599.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amebic liver abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000211.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Abscess and Fistula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anorectal abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bartholin cyst or abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001489.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bartholin's Cyst" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bartholin-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20369976?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000783.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain herniation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CT Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001416.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folliculitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/HidradenitisSuppura?">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indium-labelled WBC scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003382.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MR Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000270.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous Abscess Drainage" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/PercAbscessDrn" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/PercAbscessDrn">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perirenal abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001274.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonsillar Abscess" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peritonsillar-abscess/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/absceso-periamigdalino-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonsillar abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000986.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonsillar Abscess (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pilonidal Cyst" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscess" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abscess%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary aspergilloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000127.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pyogenic liver abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000261.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retropharyngeal abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000984.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retropharyngeal Abscess (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/retropharyngeal-abscess.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000863.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Abscesses" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abscess.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abscess.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin lesion aspiration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003451.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal cord abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001405.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subareolar abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001501.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for pilonidal cyst" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007591.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001060.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Pilonidal Cysts (Gips Procedure) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pilonidal_gips_animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los adultos mayores son vulnerables al abuso físico o emocional. Puede ocurrir en casa o en residencias para personas mayores. Lea sobre signos de maltrato." title="Abuso de las personas mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elderabuse.html" id="1882" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<also-called>Abuso y negligencia hacia las personas mayores</also-called>
<also-called>Maltrato al adulto mayor</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchos adultos mayores son víctimas de abusos. Este maltrato a una persona mayor es por lo general de parte de un cuidador. Puede ocurrir dentro de la familia. También puede ocurrir en centros especiales o residencias para adultos mayores.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El maltrato puede ser:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Abuso físico, sexual y emocional &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Negligencia o abandono &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Abuso financiero: El robo de dinero o pertenencias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Posibles signos de maltrato a personas mayores incluyen moretones inexplicables, quemaduras y lesiones. También pueden haber úlceras por presión y falta de higiene. La persona puede parecer ausente, agitada y deprimida. Puede haber un cambio repentino en la situación financiera de la persona.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El abuso de personas mayores no se detendrá por sí solo. Alguien tiene que intervenir y ayudar. Si usted piensa que una persona mayor se encuentra en peligro, llame al 911. De lo contrario, contacte a los servicios de protección para adultos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elderabuse.html" id="529" language="English">Elder Abuse</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="1865">Violencia en la pareja</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso del anciano</see-reference>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al maltrato a personas mayores (Abuso de adultos mayores)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-de-las-personas-de-edad-avanzada/maltrato-a-personas-mayores/introducci%C3%B3n-al-maltrato-a-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato y abuso de las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/abuso/maltrato-abuso-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/elder-abuse">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención y respuesta al maltrato a los ancianos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-de-las-personas-de-edad-avanzada/maltrato-a-personas-mayores/prevenci%C3%B3n-y-respuesta-al-maltrato-a-los-ancianos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El abuso sexual es un tipo de abuso infantil. Incluye una amplia gama de acciones entre un niño y un adulto o joven. Aquí lo que debe saber. " title="Abuso sexual de menores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html" id="3782" language="Spanish" date-created="07/07/2004">
<also-called>Abuso sexual de niños</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El abuso sexual de menores es una forma de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html"&gt;maltrato al menor&lt;/a&gt;. Incluye un amplio espectro de acciones entre un niño y un adulto, o con niños mayores. Con frecuencia, aunque no siempre, implica un contacto físico. Exhibir sus órganos genitales ante un niño o presionar a un niño a tener relaciones sexuales, es abuso sexual contra el menor. Utilizar niños en pornografía también es abuso sexual contra los menores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los abusadores conocen al niño de quien abusan. Pueden ser amistades de la familia, vecinos o cuidadores de niños. Casi una tercera parte de los abusadores tienen un parentesco con los niños. La mayoría de los abusadores son hombres. Si cree que un niño puede haber sufrido un abuso, es importante que lo denuncie.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html" id="3781" language="English">Child Sexual Abuse</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html" id="1808">Maltrato al menor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Abuso sexual de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Abuso sexual de</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso sexual a los niños" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Abuso-Sexual-a-los-Ninos-009.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Child-Sexual-Abuse-009.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudando a sanarse a sí misma: Mujeres en recuperación del abuso infantil" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4133.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4132.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidando a los niños: Lo que los padres necesitan saber sobre el abuso sexual infantil" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//caring_for_kids_what_parents_need_know_about_sexual_abuse_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir el identificar el abuso sexual infantil: Qué deben saber los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/sexual-abuse.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Sexual-Abuse.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//understanding_child_traumatic_stress_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.nctsnet.org/resources/audiences/parents-caregivers/what-is-cts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Podemos prevenir la adversidad en la niñez" url="https://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/apps/aces-infographic/es/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué se debe saber respecto al abuso sexual en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000771.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000771.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respondiendo al abuso sexual a los niños" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Respondiendo-al-Abuso-Sexual-a-los-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-028.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Responding_To_Child_Sexual_Abuse_28.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de abuso sexual en la infancia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/los-signos-de-abuso-sexual-en-la-infancia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/signs-childhood-sexual-abuse/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un accidente cerebrovascular ocurre cuando se bloquea el flujo de sangre al cerebro. Es una emergencia médica. Una acción rápida puede salvar una vida y ayudar con la rehabilitación y la recuperación" title="Accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>ACV</also-called>
<also-called>Accidente cerebral</also-called>
<also-called>Apoplejía</also-called>
<also-called>Ataque cerebral</also-called>
<also-called>Derrame cerebral</also-called>
<also-called>Infarto cerebral</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un accidente cerebrovascular?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un accidente cerebrovascular o ataque cerebral sucede cuando se detiene el flujo sanguíneo a parte del cerebro. Al no poder recibir el oxígeno y nutrientes que necesitan, las células cerebrales comienzan a morir en minutos. Esto puede causar un daño severo al cerebro, discapacidad permanente e incluso la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si piensa que usted o alguien está sufriendo un ataque cerebral, llame al 911 de inmediato. El tratamiento oportuno puede salvar una vida y aumentar la posibilidad de una rehabilitación y recuperación exitosa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de ataques cerebrales:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular isquémico&lt;/a&gt; es causado por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo de sangre&lt;/a&gt; que bloquea o tapa un vaso sanguíneo en el cerebro. Es el tipo más común, un 80% de los ataques cerebrales son isquémicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico&lt;/a&gt; es causado por un vaso sanguíneo que se rompe y sangra en el cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otra afección similar a un ataque cerebral es el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;ataque isquémico transitorio&lt;/a&gt;. A veces, se le llama "mini derrame". Sucede cuando la irrigación sanguínea al cerebro es bloqueada por poco tiempo. Si bien el daño a las células cerebrales no es permanente, lo coloca en mayor riesgo de sufrir un accidente cerebrovascular.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener un accidente cerebrovascular?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos factores aumentan su riesgo de tener un accidente cerebrovascular. Los mayores factores de riesgo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: El principal factor de riesgo de los accidentes cerebrovasculares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: La fibrilación auricular y otras afecciones cardiacas puede provocar coágulos de sangre que conduzcan a un ataque cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: El tabaquismo daña sus vasos sanguíneos y aumenta su presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia clínica o familiar de accidente cerebrovascular o ataque isquémico transitorio&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza y etnicidad&lt;/strong&gt;: Los afroamericanos tienen un riesgo mayor de ataques cerebrales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros factores de riesgo relacionados incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Uso de alcohol y drogas ilegales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No hacer suficiente ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;Colesterol alto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dieta poco saludable&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del accidente cerebrovascular ocurren a menudo rápidamente. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o la pierna (especialmente a un lado del cuerpo)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o para entender el habla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas repentinos para ver con uno o ambos ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad repentina para caminar, mareos, pérdida del equilibrio o coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza severo y repentino sin causa conocida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si cree que usted o alguien más está sufriendo un ataque cerebral, llame al 911 de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los accidentes cerebrovasculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntar por sus síntomas e historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico, incluyendo una revisión de:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su estado de alerta mental&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su coordinación y equilibrio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cualquier entumecimiento o debilidad en su cara, brazos y piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cualquier problema para hablar y ver en forma clara&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pedir algunas pruebas, que pueden incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Imágenes del cerebro: Como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Pruebas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden ayudar a detectar problemas cardíacos o coágulos de sangre que pueden haber conducido a un ataque cerebral. Pueden incluir un  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/"&gt;electrocardiograma&lt;/a&gt; y una ecocardiografía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos de un accidente cerebrovascular?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el accidente cerebrovascular incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y rehabilitación. Los tratamientos que reciba dependen del tipo de accidente cerebrovascular y de la etapa del tratamiento. Las diferentes etapas son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamiento de emergencia&lt;/strong&gt;: Trata de detener un accidente cerebrovascular mientras está ocurriendo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rehabilitación después del accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/strong&gt;: Busca superar las discapacidades causadas por el accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prevención&lt;/strong&gt;: Busca prevenir un primer derrame cerebral o, si ya lo ha tenido, prevenir que ocurra otro
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos de emergencia para el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico suelen utilizar medicamentos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede recibir t-PA, (activador tisular del plasminógeno), un medicamento para disolver el coágulo de sangre. Solo puede obtener este medicamento dentro de las 4 horas posteriores al inicio de los síntomas. Cuanto antes pueda tomarlo, mayores serán sus posibilidades de recuperación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si no puede tomar ese medicamento, puede obtener otro que ayude a evitar que las plaquetas se agrupen para formar coágulos de sangre. O puede recibir un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulante&lt;/a&gt; para evitar que los coágulos existentes crezcan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene enfermedad de la arteria carótida, es posible que también necesite un procedimiento para abrir la arteria carótida bloqueada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos de emergencia para el accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico se centran en detener el sangrado. El primer paso es encontrar la causa del sangrado en el cerebro. El siguiente paso es controlarlo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si la presión arterial alta es la causa del sangrado, es posible que le administren &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurisma&lt;/a&gt; es la causa, es posible que necesite un clipaje (colocación de grapas) del aneurisma o una embolización con espiral. Estas cirugías sirven para prevenir una mayor filtración de sangre del aneurisma. También puede ayudar a prevenir que el aneurisma vuelva a romperse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arteriovenousmalformations.html"&gt;malformación arteriovenosa&lt;/a&gt; es la causa de un accidente cerebrovascular, es posible que necesite repararla. Una malformación arteriovenosa es una maraña de arterias y venas defectuosas que pueden romperse dentro del cerebro. Una reparación de malformaciones arteriovenosas puede consistir en:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inyectar una sustancia en los vasos sanguíneos de la malformación para bloquear el flujo sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Radiación para encoger los vasos sanguíneos de la malformación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación posterior al ataque cerebral&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudarle a volver a aprender las habilidades que perdió por los daños causados. El objetivo es tratar de volver a ser lo más independiente posible y tener una mejor calidad de vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La prevención de un nuevo accidente cerebrovascular también es importante, ya que tener uno aumenta el riesgo de sufrir otro. La prevención puede incluir cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón y medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir los accidentes cerebrovasculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si ya ha tenido un accidente cerebrovascular o está en riesgo de tener uno y quiere prevenirlo en el futuro, puede hacer algunos cambios saludables en su estilo de vida al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer una dieta saludable para el corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lograr un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manejar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; y los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si estos cambios no son suficientes, es posible que necesite medicamentos para controlar sus factores de riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8" language="English">Stroke</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6264">Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html" id="6249">Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html" id="1753">Afasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html" id="2203">Ataque isquémico transitorio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html" id="5401">Ateroesclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5915">Recuperación de un ataque cerebral</related-topic>
<see-reference>ACV</see-reference>
<see-reference>Apoplejía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebrovascular, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Derrame cerebral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Embolia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Endarterectomía carotídia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad cerebrovascular</see-reference>
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<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000341.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre de ataque cerebral, AIT y señales de aviso" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/spanish-resources/ltas-stroke-tia-and-warning-signs.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre el diagnóstico del ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/spanish-resources/ltas-stroke-diagnosis.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hernia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lidiando con los cambios emocionales después de un derrame cerebral" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/emotional-needs/emotional-changes.cfm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipoproteína-A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007262.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Modificaciones en el hogar para hacerlo más seguro (después de un derrame cerebral)" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/independent-living/home-modification.cfm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perfusión por TAC de la cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/perfusionheadct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/perfusionheadct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de los accidentes cerebrovasculares" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/es/prevention/prevencion-de-los-accidentes-cerebrovasculares.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de un accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del habla y la comunicación (después de un derrame cerebral)" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/physical-needs/speech-and-communication.cfm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta auditiva provocada del tronco encefálico (BAER)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003926.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos circulatorios vertebrobasilares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001423.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de cráneo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ultrasound-cranial" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ultrasound-cranial">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido Doppler transcraneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007759.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida tras un ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/Life-After-Stroke-Guide_SpanishA.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos resultados comunes de los accidentes cerebrovasculares y algunos tratamientos comunes para estos resultados?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stroke/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stroke/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántas personas tienen o corren riesgo de tener un accidente cerebrovascular?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stroke/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afecta el derrame cerebral a los familiares y a los amigos?" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/caregiver-needs/changes-in-relationships.cfm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un accidente cerebrovascular?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/accidente-cerebrovascular" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stroke">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Sabe reconocer un ataque cardíaco o un ACV? Qué hacer cuando cada minuto cuenta" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sabe-reconocer-un-ataque-cardiaco-o-un-acv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un ataque cerebral hemorrágico ocurre cuando un vaso sanguíneo se rompe y sangra en el cerebro. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamientos " title="Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6264" language="Spanish" date-created="08/26/2015">
<also-called>Accidente cerebral hemorrágico</also-called>
<also-called>Ataque cerebral hemorrágico</also-called>
<also-called>Derrame cerebral hemorrágico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;ataque cerebral&lt;/a&gt; (también llamado apoplejía) es una emergencia médica. Hay dos tipos: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;isquémico&lt;/a&gt; y hemorrágico. El accidente cerebral hemorrágico es el tipo menos común. Ocurre cuando un vaso sanguíneo se rompe y sangra dentro del cerebro. En cuestión de minutos, las células del cerebro comienzan a morir. Las causas incluyen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurisma&lt;/a&gt; hemorrágico, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arteriovenousmalformations.html"&gt;malformación arteriovenosa&lt;/a&gt; o la rotura de una pared arterial.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de un derrame cerebral son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para caminar repentina, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. En un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico, los primeros pasos consisten en encontrar la causa del sangrado en el cerebro y luego controlarlo. Se puede necesitar cirugía. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación  tras un accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar a las personas a superar las discapacidades causadas por la apoplejía.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6263" language="English">Hemorrhagic Stroke</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta tras accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiopatía amiloide cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000719.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre el ataque hemorrágico al cerebro" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/El-Ataque-Hemorragico-Al-Cerebro.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/hemorrhagic-strokes-bleeds">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia subaracnoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000701.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de los accidentes cerebrovasculares" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/es/prevention/prevencion-de-los-accidentes-cerebrovasculares.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/prevention/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de un accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida tras un ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/Life-After-Stroke-Guide_SpanishA.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un ataque cerebral isquémico ocurre por un coágulo que bloquea o tapa un vaso sanguíneo en el cerebro. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. " title="Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html" id="6249" language="Spanish" date-created="08/26/2015">
<also-called>Accidente cerebral isquémico</also-called>
<also-called>Ataque isquémico</also-called>
<also-called>Ictus isquémico</also-called>
<also-called>Infarto cerebral isquémico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;ataque cerebral&lt;/a&gt; es una emergencia médica. Hay dos tipos: Isquémico y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;hemorrágico&lt;/a&gt;. El ataque cerebral isquémico es el tipo más común. En general, es causado por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo sanguíneo&lt;/a&gt; que bloquea o tapa un vaso sanguíneo en el cerebro. Esto evita que la sangre fluya hacia éste órgano. En cuestión de minutos, las células del cerebro comienzan a morir. Otra causa es la estenosis o estrechamiento arterial. Esto puede suceder debido a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;aterosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;, una enfermedad en la que se acumula placa en las arterias. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;ataques isquémicos transitorios&lt;/a&gt; se producen cuando la sangre no llega al cerebro por unos instantes. Tener un ataque isquémico transitorio puede significar que usted está en riesgo de sufrir un derrame cerebral más grave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de un derrame cerebral son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para caminar repentino, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt; pueden usarse para detener un derrame cerebral mientras está ocurriendo, disolviendo en forma rápida el coágulo de sangre. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación  tras un accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar a las personas a superar las discapacidades causadas por la apoplejía, o ataque cerebral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" id="6248" language="English">Ischemic Stroke</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100218_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100218_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000123.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derrame cerebral: Secundario a la embolia cardiogénica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000124.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endarterectomía carotídea" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/endarterectomia-carotidea/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre el ataque isquémico al cerebro" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/spanish-resources/ltas-ischemic-stroke.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/lets-talk-about-stroke/type-of-stroke/ds15794_ltas_ischemicstroke_12_20.pdf?la=en">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Imágenes por ultrasonido de la arteria carótida" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-carotid">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placa vulnerable" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/placa-vulnerable/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vulnerable-plaque/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de los accidentes cerebrovasculares" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/es/prevention/prevencion-de-los-accidentes-cerebrovasculares.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de un accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia trombolítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007089.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida tras un ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/Life-After-Stroke-Guide_SpanishA.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Busca remedio para el ardor en el estómago? Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamiento de este tipo de indigestión." title="Acidez estomacal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html" id="2257" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Agruras</also-called>
<also-called>Pirosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La acidez es una sensación de ardor dolorosa en el pecho o la garganta. Ocurre cuando el ácido del estómago regresa hacia el esófago, el tubo que transporta la comida desde la boca hacia el estómago. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene acidez más de dos veces por semana, es posible que tenga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; (ERGE), aunque es posible que sufra de ERGE aún sin tener acidez estomacal. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El embarazo, algunos alimentos, las bebidas alcohólicas y algunas medicinas pueden provocar acidez. El tratamiento de la acidez es importante porque con el transcurso del tiempo, el reflujo puede dañar el esófago. Las medicinas sin receta médica pueden ayudar. Si la acidez persiste, es posible que necesite medicinas con receta médica o una cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted, además, tiene otros síntomas, como un dolor opresivo en el pecho, podría tratarse de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;infarto&lt;/a&gt; (ataque al corazón). Busque ayuda de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html" id="1653" language="English">Heartburn</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916">Reflujo gastroesofágico</related-topic>
<site title="Acidez" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000068.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acidez estomacal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heartburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20373223?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20373223?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidez estomacal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/acidez-estomacal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heartburn/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidez gástrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003114.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003114.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidez gástrica: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000225.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiácidos que contienen aspirina pueden causar sangrado" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/advertencia-los-antiacidos-que-contienen-aspirina-pueden-causar-sangrado" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/warning-aspirin-containing-antacid-medicines-can-cause-bleeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiácidos y reductores de ácido: Alivio con medicamentos OTC (sin receta médica) para la acidez estomacal y el reflujo ácido" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antiacidos-y-reductores-de-acido-alivio-con-medicamentos-otc-para-la-acidez-estomacal-y-el-reflujo-acido/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antacids-and-acid-reducers-otc-relief-for-heartburn-and-acid-reflux/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ardor de estómago o ataque cardíaco: Cuándo preocuparse" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta blanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="ERGE" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/erge/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/acid-reflux/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Bernstein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003897.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de pH esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ph-esofagico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/esophageal-ph-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gástrico (RGE y ERGE) en adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/reflujo-gastrico-rge-enfermedad-por-reflujo-gastroesofagico-erge-adultos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar antiácidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Looking for ways to fight unsightly zits? Both teens and adults can get acne. Learn what causes pimples and blackheads and how to manage them." title="Acne" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html" id="124" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<also-called>Pimples</also-called>
<also-called>Zits</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Acne is a common skin disease that causes pimples. Pimples form when hair follicles 
under your skin clog up. Most pimples form on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Anyone can get acne, but 
it is common in teenagers and young adults. It is not serious, but it can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html"&gt;scars&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one knows exactly what causes acne. Hormone changes, such as those during the teenage 
years and pregnancy, probably play a role. There are many myths about what causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are often 
blamed, but there is little evidence that foods have much effect on acne in most people. 
Another common myth is that dirty skin causes acne; however, blackheads and pimples are not 
caused by dirt. Stress doesn't cause acne, but stress can make it worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have acne:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Clean your skin gently &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Try not to touch your skin &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Avoid the sun &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for acne include medicines and creams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin 
Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html" id="1721" language="Spanish">Acné</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000152">Acne Vulgaris</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acne.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acne.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acne.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acne.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hidradenitissuppurativa.html" id="4363">Hidradenitis Suppurativa</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rosacea.html" id="1247">Rosacea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pimples</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zits</see-reference>
<site title="Acne" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/acne.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000873.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/acne" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/acne">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/acne.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/acne.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/acne/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne (Acne Vulgaris)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/acne-vulgaris?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000750.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne Excoriée" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/teen/acne-excoriee?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne Keloidalis Nuchae" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/acne-keloidalis-nuchae?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baby Acne (Neonatal Acne)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/neonatal-acne-benign-cephalic-pustulosis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Acne Scars Be Removed?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne-scars.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acne-scars.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can I Prevent Acne?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/prevent-acne.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/prevent-acne.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Acne Vulgaris" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Acne+Vulgaris%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonprescription Acne Treatment: Which Products Work Best?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/in-depth/acne-treatments/art-20045814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acne/in-depth/acne-treatments/art-20045814?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Acne: What's the Best Treatment?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-acne/faq-20058045?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-acne/faq-20058045?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acne" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acne+Vulgaris%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Teen Acne: How to Treat and Prevent This Common Skin Condition" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/What-Causes-Acne.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/what-causes-acne.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Topical Acne Treatments and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/topical-acne-treatments-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/tratamientos-topicos-para-el-acne/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Acne?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/acne" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/acne">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Get Acne?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acne.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Busca remedio para las espinillas? Tanto adultos como jóvenes pueden sufrir acné y puntos negros. Aquí información sobre tratamiento." title="Acné" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html" id="1721" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<also-called>Barros</also-called>
<also-called>Espinillas</also-called>
<also-called>Granitos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El acné es una enfermedad común de la piel que provoca espinillas (granos). Las espinillas se forman cuando los folículos pilosos que se encuentran debajo de la piel se tapan. La mayoría de las espinillas aparecen en el rostro, el cuello, la espalda, el pecho y los hombros. Cualquier persona puede tener acné, pero es común en los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes. No es grave, pero puede dejar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html"&gt;cicatrices&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nadie sabe exactamente cuál es la causa del acné. Es probable que los cambios hormonales, tales como los que ocurren en la adolescencia o el embarazo, tengan alguna relación con su aparición. Existen muchos mitos acerca de las causas del acné. Con frecuencia se culpa al chocolate y las comidas grasosas, pero en la mayoría de los casos hay pocas evidencias de que la comida tenga algún efecto sobre el acné. Otra creencia común es que la piel sucia puede favorecer el acné; sin embargo, los puntos negros y las espinillas no son producto de la suciedad. El estrés no produce acné, pero puede empeorarlo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene acné:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Limpie su piel con suavidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Intente no tocarse la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Evite el sol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el acné incluyen medicamentos y cremas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html" id="124" language="English">Acne</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rosacea.html" id="2129">Rosácea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Granitos</see-reference>
<site title="Accutane  y otros retinoides" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/accutane-y-otros-retinoides.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/isotretinoin-and-other-retinoids-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acné" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/acn%C3%A9-y-trastornos-relacionados/acn%C3%A9">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acné" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000873.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acné (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/acne.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/acne.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acné en los adolescentes: cómo tratar y prevenir esta afección cutánea común" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/what-causes-acne.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/What-Causes-Acne.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brotes de acné: Control de las espinillas problemáticas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/brotes-de-acne" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/acne-breakouts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el acné" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000750.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isotretinoína (Accutane) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-isotretinoina-accutane/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/isotretinoin-accutane-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento sin receta médica para el acné: ¿qué productos dan más resultado?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acne/in-depth/acne-treatments/art-20045814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/in-depth/acne-treatments/art-20045814?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos tópicos para el acné y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/tratamientos-topicos-para-el-acne/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/topical-acne-treatments-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la mejor manera de tratar el acné durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-acne/faq-20058045?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-acne/faq-20058045?p=1">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible eliminar las cicatrices del acné?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acne-scars.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne-scars.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué me sale acné?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acne.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el acné?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/acne" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/acne">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor that grows on the cranial nerve that connects the ear to the brain. It can affect hearing and balance nerves." title="Acoustic Neuroma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acousticneuroma.html" id="1624" language="English" date-created="04/22/2002">
<also-called>Acoustic neurilemmoma</also-called>
<also-called>Acoustic neurinoma</also-called>
<also-called>Auditory tumor</also-called>
<also-called>Vestibular schwannoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An acoustic neuroma is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;benign tumor&lt;/a&gt; that develops on the nerve that connects the ear to the brain. The tumor usually grows slowly. As it grows, it presses against the hearing and balance nerves. At first, you may have no symptoms or mild symptoms. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;	
&lt;li&gt; Loss of hearing on one side &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ringing in ears&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Dizziness and balance problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The tumor can also eventually cause numbness or paralysis of the face. If it grows large enough, it can press against the brain, becoming life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Acoustic neuroma can be difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms are similar to those of middle ear problems.  Ear exams, hearing tests, and scans can show if you have it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the tumor stays small, you may only need to have it checked regularly.  If you do need treatment, surgery and radiation are options.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the tumors affect both hearing nerves, it is often because of a genetic disorder called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html"&gt;neurofibromatosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acousticneuroma.html" id="2251" language="Spanish">Neuroma acústico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009464">Neuroma, Acoustic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acousticneuroma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html" id="1387">Neurofibromatosis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Auditory Tumor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Neuroma, Acoustic</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vestibular Schwannoma</see-reference>
<site title="Acoustic neuroma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000778.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000778.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acoustic Neuroma Educational Video" url="https://www.anausa.org/learn-about-acoustic-neuroma/educational-video">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Acoustic Neuroma Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neuroma, Acoustic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neuroma,+Acoustic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing Acoustic Neuroma" url="https://www.anausa.org/learn-about-acoustic-neuroma/diagnosing-an-acoustic-neuroma">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Acoustic Neuroma Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Do You Need a Hearing Test?" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/do-you-need-hearing-test" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/necesita-una-prueba-de-audicion-preguntas-interactivas">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acoustic Neuroma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neuroma%2C+Acoustic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - Gamma Knife" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007577.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Acoustic Neuroma" url="https://www.anausa.org/learn-about-acoustic-neuroma/symptoms-from-an-acoustic-neuroma">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Acoustic Neuroma Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options - Overview" url="https://www.anausa.org/learn-about-acoustic-neuroma/treatment-options/overview">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Acoustic Neuroma Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Post-Treatment Issues" url="https://www.anausa.org/learn-about-acoustic-neuroma/side-effects-of-an-acoustic-neuroma">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Acoustic Neuroma Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) and Neurofibromatosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vestibular-schwannoma-acoustic-neuroma-and-neurofibromatosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Acoustic Neuroma?" url="https://www.anausa.org/learn-about-acoustic-neuroma/what-is-acoustic-neuroma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Acoustic Neuroma Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="When You Visit Your Doctor: Acoustic Neuroma" url="https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/when-you-visit-your-doctor-acoustic-neuroma">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Harvard Medical School</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you considering acupuncture to treat pain? Find out about how this type of traditional Chinese medicine might help you. " title="Acupuncture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html" id="3071" language="English" date-created="01/13/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Acupuncture has been practiced in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. Acupuncture involves stimulating specific points on the body. This is most often done by inserting thin needles through the skin, to cause a change in the physical functions of the body.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Research has shown that acupuncture reduces nausea and vomiting after surgery and chemotherapy. It can also relieve pain. Researchers don't fully understand how acupuncture works. It might aid the activity of your body's pain-killing chemicals. It also might affect how you release chemicals that regulate blood pressure and flow.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Complementary and Alternative Therapies</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html" id="3072" language="Spanish">Acupuntura</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015670">Acupuncture Therapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nccih.nih.gov/">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</primary-institute>
<site title="6 Things to Know When Selecting a Complementary Health Practitioner" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/acupuncture/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/acupuncture/about/pac-20392763?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/acupuncture/about/pac-20392763?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/acupuncture-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/acupuntura-pdq">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/acupuncture.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/acupuncture.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chronic-pain-and-complementary-health-approaches-usefulness-and-safety">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Acupuncture Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=acupuncture&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a NCCAOM Certified Practitioner" url="https://www.nccaom.org/find-a-practitioner-directory/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paying for Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/paying-for-complementary-and-integrative-health-approaches">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acupuncture+Therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Está pensando en la acupuntura para tratar el dolor? Entérese cómo esta medicina tradicional china podría ayudarle. " title="Acupuntura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html" id="3072" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La acupuntura se ha practicado en China y en otros países asiáticos por miles de años. Es una práctica que implica estimular partes específicas del cuerpo, generalmente, mediante la inserción de agujas muy finas. Esto crea un cambio en las funciones físicas del cuerpo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las investigaciones han demostrado que la acupuntura reduce las náuseas y los vómitos después de una cirugía y quimioterapia. También puede aliviar el dolor. Los investigadores no comprenden en su totalidad el efecto de la acupuntura pero se cree que podría ayudar a la actividad de los químicos que alivian el dolor del cuerpo. También podría afectar la manera en la que se liberan las sustancias químicas que regulan la presión arterial y el flujo de la sangre. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Terapias complementarias y alternativas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html" id="3071" language="English">Acupuncture</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCCAM">Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</primary-institute>
<site title="Acupuntura" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/acupuncture/about/pac-20392763?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/acupuncture/about/pac-20392763?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acupuntura" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/acupuncture.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/acupuncture.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acupuntura (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/acupuntura-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/acupuncture-pdq">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos a la hora de hablar: Seis aspectos que debe conocer al elegir un profesional de medicina complementaria" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar el dolor con acupuntura" url="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/spanish-patient-pages/2014/hoja-para-el-paciente-de-jama-141001.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Médica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina alternativa para el alivio del dolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002064.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways that carry air to your lungs. Learn about acute bronchitis symptoms, causes, and treatment" title="Acute Bronchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html" id="5755" language="English" date-created="01/11/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;chronic&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most cases of acute bronchitis get better within several days. But your cough can last for several weeks after the infection is gone.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The same viruses that cause colds and the flu often cause acute bronchitis. These viruses spread through the air when people cough, or though physical contact (for example, on unwashed hands). Being exposed to tobacco smoke, air pollution, dusts, vapors, and fumes can also cause acute bronchitis. Less often, bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To diagnose acute bronchitis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and listen to your breathing. You may also have other tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments include rest, fluids, and aspirin (for adults) or acetaminophen to treat fever. A humidifier or steam can also help. You may need inhaled medicine to open your airways if you are wheezing. Antibiotics won't help if the cause is viral. You may get antibiotics if the cause is bacterial.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html" id="5756" language="Spanish">Bronquitis aguda</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001991">Bronchitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/acutebronchitis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196">Common Cold</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3101">Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronchitis</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Bronchitis" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Bronchitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/acute-bronchitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquitis-aguda-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute bronchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001087.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood gases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, and Lungs" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/bronchi.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000975.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchitis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/bronquitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronchitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchitis Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Cold (Acute Bronchitis) Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-bronchitis/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchiolitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchiolitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cough Culprits: What's the Difference Between Bronchitis and Pneumonia?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/05/cough-culprits" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-culpables-de-la-tos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Industrial bronchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000072.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Acute Bronchitis Contagious?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/expert-answers/acute-bronchitis/faq-20057839?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/expert-answers/acute-bronchitis/faq-20057839?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plastic Bronchitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/plastic-bronchitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/plastic-bronchitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postural drainage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute bronchitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bronchitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sputum culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003723.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare but serious neurologic disease. It mostly affects children. Learn about its possible causes and symptoms." title="Acute Flaccid Myelitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" id="7207" language="English" date-created="11/01/2018">
<also-called>AFM</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;neurologic disease&lt;/a&gt;. It is rare, but serious. It affects an area of the spinal cord called gray matter. This can cause the muscles and reflexes in the body to become weak.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because of these symptoms, some people call AFM a "polio-like" illness. But it is different from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html"&gt;polio&lt;/a&gt;. AFM is not caused by polioviruses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;AFM can be caused by several different viruses. Researchers think that enteroviruses have been causing the recent increases in the number of children with AFM. AFM can also be caused by other viruses, including flaviviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people with AFM had a mild respiratory illness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt; (like you would get from a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viral infection&lt;/a&gt;) before they got AFM.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get AFM, but most cases (more than 90%) have been in young children.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with AFM will suddenly have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arm or leg weakness&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A loss of muscle tone and reflexes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people also have other symptoms, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Facial drooping/weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble moving the eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drooping eyelids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slurred speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the arms, legs, back, or neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes AFM can weaken the muscles that you need for breathing. This can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;respiratory failure&lt;/a&gt;, which is very serious. If you get respiratory failure, you may need to use a ventilator (breathing machine) to help you breathe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you or your child develops any of these symptoms, get medical care right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;AFM causes many of the same symptoms as other neurologic diseases, such as transverse myelitis and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;Guillain-Barre syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. This can make it difficult to diagnose. To find out if you have AFM, your doctor may use: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/"&gt;neurologic exam&lt;/a&gt;, including looking at where there is weakness, poor muscle tone, and decreased reflexes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt; to look at the spinal cord and brain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lab tests on the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/"&gt;cerebrospinal fluid&lt;/a&gt; (the fluid around the brain and spinal cord)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/ "&gt;Nerve conduction and electromyography (EMG) studies&lt;/a&gt;. These tests check nerve speed and the response of muscles to the messages from the nerves. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important that the tests are done as soon as possible after the symptoms start.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific treatment for AFM. A doctor who specializes in treating brain and spinal cord illnesses (neurologist) may recommend treatments for specific symptoms. For example, physical and/or occupational therapy may help with arm or leg weakness. Researchers do not know the long-term outcomes of people who get AFM.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific way to prevent AFM. But you can take steps to prevent getting sick from a virus by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Washing your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding close contact with people who are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Cleaning and disinfecting&lt;/a&gt; surfaces that you frequently touch, including toys&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or upper shirt sleeve, not hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying home when sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" id="7208" language="Spanish">Mielitis flácida aguda</language-mapped-topic>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="About Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/about-afm-sp.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute flaccid myelitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007743.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/acute-flaccid-myelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/acute-flaccid-myelitis.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC Vital Signs: Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/afm2020/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) or Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Learn more about symptoms and treatment." title="Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="1437" language="English" date-created="03/15/2001">
<also-called>ALL</also-called>
<also-called>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;Leukemia&lt;/a&gt; is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White blood cells help your body fight infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Platelets&lt;/a&gt; help form clots to stop bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a type of acute leukemia. It's also called ALL and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. "Acute" means that it usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. ALL is the most common type of cancer in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;. It can also affect adults.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In ALL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. These cells normally help your body fight infection. But in ALL, they are abnormal and cannot fight infection very well. They also crowd out the healthy cells, which can lead to infection, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, and easy bleeding. These abnormal cells can also spread to other parts of the body, including the brain and spinal cord.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ALL happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of ALL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The factors that raise your risk of ALL include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being male&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being white&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being over age 70&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having been exposed to high levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms of ALL include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;feeling tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; or night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss or loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the bones or stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes - you may notice them as painless lumps in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having had many infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose ALL and figure out which subtype you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, such as
      &lt;ul&gt;
         &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;Complete blood count (CBC) with differential&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
         &lt;li&gt;Blood chemistry tests such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/"&gt;basic metabolic panel (BMP)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/"&gt;comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;kidney function tests&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/"&gt;liver function tests&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/"&gt;electrolyte panel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
         &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/"&gt;Blood smear&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;  
&lt;/li&gt;        
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/"&gt;Bone marrow tests&lt;/a&gt;. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; to look for gene and chromosome changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are diagnosed with ALL, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/"&gt;lumbar puncture&lt;/a&gt;, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for ALL include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment is usually done in two phases:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This treatment puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment during both phases also usually includes central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis therapy. This therapy helps prevent the spread of leukemia cells to the brain and spinal cord. It may be high dose chemotherapy or chemotherapy injected into the spinal cord. It also sometimes includes radiation therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2004" language="Spanish">Leucemia linfocítica aguda</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007945">Leukemia, Lymphoid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5622">Acute Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" id="1438">Childhood Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="87">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5624">Chronic Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html" id="5620">Leukemia</related-topic>
<see-reference>ALL</see-reference>
<see-reference>Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leukemia, Acute Lymphocytic</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant/diseases-treated-by-transplant/acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369077?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000541.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Subtypes and Prognostic Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-clasifica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Advances in Leukemia Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="B and T cell screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Blood Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Transfusion" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/blood-transfusion">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone-marrow transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Leukemia: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leukemia, Lymphoid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leukemia,+Lymphoid%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryoglobulins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopeptide A blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-adultos-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Integrative Medicine and Complementary and Alternative Therapies" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lab and Imaging Tests" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests" language-mapped-url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society" url="https://www.lls.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Leukemia%2C+Lymphoid%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adult+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq#_123" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-adultos-pdq#_70">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="T-cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Targeted Therapy for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/treating/targeted-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/tratamiento/terapia-dirigida.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq#_217" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-adultos-pdq#_217">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Recurrent Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq#_221" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-adultos-pdq#_221">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Untreated Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq#_213" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-adultos-pdq#_213">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq#_34" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-adultos-pdq#_86">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Treatment: Clinical Trials" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/clinical-trials">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/what-is-all.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/acerca/que-es-leucemia-linfocitica-aguda.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Adult Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the white blood cells. AML usually gets worse quickly if it is not treated. Read more." title="Acute Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5622" language="English" date-created="10/12/2010">
<also-called>AML</also-called>
<also-called>ANLL</also-called>
<also-called>Acute myelogenous leukemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;Leukemia&lt;/a&gt; is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White blood cells help your body fight infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Platelets&lt;/a&gt; help form clots to stop bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of acute leukemia. "Acute" means that the leukemia usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. In AML, the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several different subtypes of AML. The subtypes are based on how developed the cancer cells are when you get your diagnosis and how different they are from normal cells.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;AML happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of AML.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The factors that raise your risk of AML include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being male&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking, especially after age 60&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treatment for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html"&gt;acute lymphoblastic leukemia&lt;/a&gt; (ALL) as a child&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to the chemical benzene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A history of another blood disorder such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html"&gt;myelodysplastic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms of AML include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;feeling tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss or loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone or joint pain, if the abnormal cells build up near or inside the bones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose AML and figure out which subtype you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;complete blood count (CBC)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/"&gt;blood smear&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/"&gt;Bone marrow tests&lt;/a&gt;. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; to look for gene and chromosome changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are diagnosed with AML, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/"&gt;lumbar puncture&lt;/a&gt;, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for AML include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other anticancer medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Which treatment you get often depends on which subtype of AML you have.
Treatment is usually done in two phases:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5623" language="Spanish">Leucemia mielógena aguda</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015470">Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="1437">Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" id="1438">Childhood Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="87">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5624">Chronic Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html" id="5620">Leukemia</related-topic>
<see-reference>AML</see-reference>
<see-reference>Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leukemia, Myeloblastic, Acute</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leukemia, Myelogenous, Acute</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute</see-reference>
<site title="8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/8p11-myeloproliferative-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369109?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369109?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) -- children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007656.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Subtypes and Prognostic Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-clasifica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute myeloid leukemia -- adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000542.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Acute promyelocytic leukemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/acute-promyelocytic-leukemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Leukemia Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="AML Guide: Information for Patients and Caregivers" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/amlguide.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/PS66S_AML_Guide_2023_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Count Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Transfusion" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/blood-transfusion">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone-marrow transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Leukemia: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leukemia,+Myeloid,+Acute%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/core-binding-factor-acute-myeloid-leukemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryoglobulins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cytogenetically-normal-acute-myeloid-leukemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial acute myeloid leukemia with mutated CEBPA: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-acute-myeloid-leukemia-with-mutated-cebpa">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopeptide A blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-adultos-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="If Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Doesn't Respond or Comes Back after Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating/recurrence.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/tratamiento/recurrencia.html">
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</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="Integrative Medicine and Complementary and Alternative Therapies" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lab and Imaging Tests" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests" language-mapped-url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society" url="https://www.lls.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acute Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Leukemia%2C+Myeloid%2C+Acute%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#_164" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-adultos-pdq#_151">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#_36" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-adultos-pdq#_18">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Treatment: Clinical Trials" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/clinical-trials">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/about/what-is-aml.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/acerca/que-es-leucemia-mieloide-aguda.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc=" Your adrenal glands makes hormones. Adrenal insufficiency or Addison disease happens if the adrenal glands don't make enough hormones. Read more. " title="Addison Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html" id="1233" language="English" date-created="08/24/2000">
<also-called>Adrenal insufficiency</also-called>
<also-called>Adrenocortical hypofunction</also-called>
<also-called>Hypocortisolism</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your adrenal glands are just above your kidneys. The outside layer of these glands makes hormones that help your body respond to stress and regulate your blood pressure and water and salt balance.  Addison disease happens if the adrenal glands don't make enough of these hormones.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;A problem with your immune system usually causes Addison disease. The immune system mistakenly attacks your own tissues, damaging your adrenal glands. Other causes include infections and cancer.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss	&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle weakness	&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue that gets worse over time	&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low blood pressure	&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Patchy or dark skin &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lab tests can confirm that you have Addison disease.  If you don't treat it, it can be fatal. You will need to take hormone pills for the rest of your life.  If you have Addison disease, you should carry an emergency ID. It should say that you have the disease, list your medicines and say how much you need in an emergency.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html" id="1722" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Addison</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000224">Addison Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="128">Adrenal Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adrenal Insufficiency</see-reference>
<site title="17-hydroxycorticosteroids urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003459.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion rate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003621.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="ACTH blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="ACTH stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003696.htm">
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<site title="Acute adrenal crisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000357.htm">
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<site title="Addison disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000378.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Addison's Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/addisons-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-addison-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Addison's Disease: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350293?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350293?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Addison's Disease: Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350296?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350296?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Insufficiency" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/adrenal-insufficiency" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/insuficiencia-suprarrenal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/adrenal-insufficiency-addisons-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/insuficiencia-suprarrenal-enfermedad-addison">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aldosterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Autoimmune Addison disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autoimmune-addison-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Addison's Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Addison's+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenal Insufficiency" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adrenal+Insufficiency%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Society" url="https://www.endocrine.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Addison Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Addison+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las adenoides atrapan gérmenes que pueden entrar al cuerpo por la boca. Síntomas y tratamiento de las infecciones de las adenoides." title="Adenoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html" id="2200" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Vegetaciones adenoides</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;strong&gt;¿Qué son las adenoides? &lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las adenoides son un parche de tejido en la parte alta de la garganta, justo detrás de la nariz. Junto a las amígdalas son parte del sistema linfático. El sistema linfático elimina las infecciones y mantiene equilibrados los fluidos corporales. Las adenoides y las amígdalas atrapan gérmenes que entran por la boca y la nariz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, las adenoides comienzan a reducir su tamaño después de los cinco años de edad. En la adolescencia, desaparecen casi por completo. Para entonces, el cuerpo tiene otras formas de combatir los gérmenes.
 &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;¿Qué son las adenoides hipertróficas? &lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se les llama adenoides hipertróficas cuando están hinchadas. Es un problema común en los niños. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;¿Qué causa las adenoides hipertróficas? &lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las adenoides de su hijo pueden agrandarse o inflamarse por diferentes razones. Puede ser que su hijo tenga adenoides agrandadas al nacer. Las adenoides también pueden hincharse cuando están luchando contra una infección. Pueden quedar hinchadas aún después que la infección se haya curado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;strong&gt; ¿Qué problemas pueden causar las adenoides hipertróficas? &lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las adenoides hipertróficas pueden dificultar la respiración por la nariz. Su niño podría terminar respirando sólo por la boca. Esto puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;Boca seca&lt;/a&gt;, que también puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html"&gt;mal aliento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Labios partidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Secreción por la nariz &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros problemas de las adenoides hipertróficas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Respiración ruidosa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html"&gt;Ronquidos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sueño inquieto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;, una afección que causa que usted deje de respirar repetidamente durante el sueño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;Infección de oído&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las adenoides hipertróficas?&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si su hijo tiene adenoides hipertróficas, el profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntar acerca de la historia clínica de su hijo, incluyendo sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Examinar los oídos, garganta y la boca de su hijo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Revisar su cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dado que las adenoides están más arriba de la garganta, el profesional de la salud no puede verlas sólo mirando por la boca de su hijo. Para verificar el tamaño de las adenoides, su proveedor puede usar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un espejo especial en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un tubo largo y flexible con una luz (un endoscopio)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una radiografía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las adenoides hipertróficas?&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de lo que está causando el problema. Si los síntomas de su hijo no son muy serios, es posible que no necesite tratamiento. Si necesita tratamiento, su hijo podría recibir un aerosol nasal para reducir la hinchazón, o antibióticos si el profesional de la salud piensa que su hijo tiene una infección bacteriana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, su hijo puede necesitar una extirpación de las adenoides, o adenoidectomía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;¿Qué es una adenoidectomía y por qué mi hijo podría necesitar una? &lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una adenoidectomía es una cirugía para extirpar las adenoides. El profesional de la salud puede recomendar esta cirugía si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su hijo tiene infecciones repetidas de las adenoides. A veces las infecciones también pueden causar infecciones de oído y acumulación de líquido en el oído medio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los antibióticos no están eliminando las infecciones bacterianas de las adenoides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las adenoides hipertróficas bloquean las vías respiratorias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si también hay problemas con las amígdalas, es probable que a su hijo le hagan también una amigdalectomía (extirpación de las amígdalas) al mismo tiempo que le extirpen las adenoides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Después de la cirugía, su hijo generalmente se va a casa el mismo día. Probablemente tendrá algo de dolor en la garganta, mal aliento y secreción de la nariz. Puede tomarle varios días sentirse mejor.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html" id="1515" language="English">Adenoids</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html" id="6441">Amigdalitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<site title="Adenoidectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100076_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100076_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Adenoides y adenoidectomías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/adenoids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/adenoids.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Adenoides y adenoidectomías (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenoids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenoids.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación de amígdala y de vegetaciones adenoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amígdalas y vegetaciones hipertrofiadas en niños" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-de-los-o%C3%ADdos-la-nariz-y-la-garganta-en-ni%C3%B1os/am%C3%ADgdalas-y-vegetaciones-hipertrofiadas-en-ni%C3%B1os">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea obstructiva del sueño" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de garganta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dolor-de-garganta-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sore-throat/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de adenoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003011.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertrofia de adenoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001649.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las adenoides? (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/adenoids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/adenoids.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your adenoids are high up in your throat. They trap germs coming in your mouth and nose. Learn about enlarged adenoids, a common problem in children." title="Adenoids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html" id="1515" language="English" date-created="08/17/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are adenoids?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adenoids are a patch of tissue that is high up in the throat, just behind the nose. They, along with the tonsils, are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps body fluids in balance. The adenoids and tonsils work by trapping germs coming in through the mouth and nose.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Adenoids usually start to shrink after about age 5. By the teenage years, they are almost completely gone. By then, the body has other ways to fight germs.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are enlarged adenoids? &lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Enlarged adenoids are adenoids that are swollen. It is a common problem in children.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What causes enlarged adenoids?&lt;/h3&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Your child's adenoids can be enlarged, or swollen, for different reasons. It may just be that your child had enlarged adenoids at birth. Adenoids can also become enlarged when they are trying to fight off an infection. They might stay enlarged even after the infection is gone.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What problems can enlarged adenoids cause?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Enlarged adenoids can make it hard to breathe through the nose.  Your child might end up breathing only through the mouth. This may cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;, which can also lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html"&gt;bad breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cracked lips&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A runny nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other problems that enlarged adenoids can cause include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loud breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/snoring.html"&gt;Snoring&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Restless sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;, a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;Ear infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can enlarged adenoids be diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To find out if your child has enlarged adenoids, the health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your child's medical history, including asking about your child's symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check your child's ears, throat, and mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel your child's neck&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Since the adenoids are higher up than the throat, the provider cannot see them just by looking through your child's mouth.  To check the size of your child's adenoids, your provider may use:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A special mirror in the mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A long, flexible tube with a light (an endoscope)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for enlarged adenoids?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The treatment depends on what is causing the problem. If the symptoms are not too bad, your child may not need treatment. If treatment is needed, your child may get nasal spray to reduce the swelling or antibiotics if the provider thinks that there is a bacterial infection.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, your child may need an adenoidectomy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is an adenoidectomy and why might I my child need one?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An adenoidectomy is surgery to remove the adenoids. The provider may recommend this surgery if:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your child has repeated infections of the adenoids. Sometimes the infections can also cause ear infections and fluid buildup in the middle ear.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking antibiotics doesn't get rid of a bacterial infection of the adenoids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The enlarged adenoids block the airways.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If there is also a problem with the tonsils, your child will probably have a tonsillectomy (removal of the tonsils) at the same time that the adenoids are removed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After having the surgery, your child usually goes home the same day. Your child will probably have some throat pain, bad breath, and a runny nose. It can take several days to feel all better.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html" id="2200" language="Spanish">Adenoides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000233">Adenoidectomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000234">Adenoids</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html" id="6440">Tonsillitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adenoidectomy</see-reference>
<site title="Adenoid removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003011.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenoid removal - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100076_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100076_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenoids and Adenoidectomy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/adenoids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/adenoids.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenoids and Adenoidectomy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenoids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenoids.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adenoid Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adenoids%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adenoidectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Adenoidectomy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged Adenoids" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/enlarged-adenoids/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/adenoides-agrandadas-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged adenoids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001649.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstructive Sleep Apnea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenoids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adenoids%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Adenoidectomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tonsil and adenoid removal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tonsils and Adenoids" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/tonsils-and-adenoids/" language-mapped-url="https://www.entnet.org/node/1458">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Adenoids?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/adenoids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/adenoids.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Neck" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cirugia abdominal es la mayor causa de adherencias intestinales, pero no la única. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamientos." title="Adherencias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adhesions.html" id="3921" language="Spanish" date-created="08/22/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las adherencias son cintas de tejido parecidos a una cicatriz. Normalmente, tejidos internos y órganos tienen superficies resbaladizas para que se puedan acomodar al moverse el cuerpo. Las adherencias causan que los tejidos u órganos se queden pegados. Pueden pegar lazos intestinales entre sí o con órganos cercanos, o con la pared del abdomen. Pueden arrancar de su lugar secciones de los intestinos, lo que  puede impedir el paso de alimentos a través de éste.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las adherencias pueden ocurrir en cualquier parte del cuerpo, pero usualmente se forman después de una cirugía abdominal.  Casi todos quienes se someten a una cirugía abdominal muestran adherencias. Algunas adherencias no causan problemas. Pero cuando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;obstruyen el intestino&lt;/a&gt; parcial o totalmente, pueden causar ciertos síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cólicos abdominales dolorosos o dolor abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distensión abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Imposibilidad para eliminar gases &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces las adherencias pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;infertilidad en la mujer&lt;/a&gt; porque previenen que el óvulo fertilizado llegue al útero.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existen exámenes para detectar las adherencias. Los doctores generalmente las encuentran durante una cirugía para diagnosticar otros problemas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas adherencias desaparecen por sí mismas. Si hay una obstrucción intestinal parcial, una dieta baja en fibra puede facilitar el paso de los alimentos a través del área afectada. Una obstrucción intestinal completa causa riesgo vital. Usted debe obtener atención medica urgente y puede necesitar de una cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adhesions.html" id="3920" language="English">Adhesions</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5276">Obstrucción intestinal</related-topic>
<site title="Adherencias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001493.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adherencias abdominales" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/adherencias-abdominales" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/abdominal-adhesions">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosalpingografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosonografía (ultrasonido del útero)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosono" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosono">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia e infarto intestinal pequeño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001151.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia intestinal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de obstrucción intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100116_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100116_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Abdominal surgery is the main cause of adhesions but not the only one. Learn about the signs, symptoms, and causes this type of scar tissue. " title="Adhesions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/adhesions.html" id="3920" language="English" date-created="09/14/2004">
<also-called>Abdominal adhesions</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Adhesions are bands of scar-like tissue. Normally, internal tissues and organs have slippery surfaces so they can shift easily as the body moves. Adhesions cause tissues and organs to stick together. They might connect the loops of the intestines to each other, to nearby organs, or to the wall of the abdomen. They can pull sections of the intestines out of place. This may block food from passing through the intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adhesions can occur anywhere in the body. But they often form after surgery on the abdomen. Almost everyone who has surgery on the abdomen gets adhesions. Some adhesions don't cause any problems. But when they partly or completely &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;block the intestines&lt;/a&gt;, they cause symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe abdominal pain or cramping&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An inability to pass gas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Constipation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adhesions can sometimes cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility in women&lt;/a&gt; by preventing fertilized eggs from reaching the uterus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No tests are available to detect adhesions.  Doctors usually find them during surgery to diagnose other problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some adhesions go away by themselves. If they partly block your intestines, a diet low in fiber can allow food to move easily through the affected area. If you have a complete intestinal obstruction, it is life-threatening. You should get immediate medical attention and may need surgery. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adhesions.html" id="3921" language="Spanish">Adherencias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000267">Tissue Adhesions</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adhesions.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5275">Intestinal Obstruction</related-topic>
<site title="Abdominal Adhesions" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/abdominal-adhesions" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/adherencias-abdominales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adhesion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001493.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adhesions" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adhesions%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tissue Adhesions" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tissue+Adhesions%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endometriosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometriosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354656?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterosalpingography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Ischemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal obstruction and Ileus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000260.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal obstruction repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100116_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100116_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labial Adhesions: A Guide for Parents" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/parents/labial-adhesions-parent/?printme">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic Surgery" url="https://gi.org/topics/laparoscopic-surgery/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adhesions" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tissue+Adhesions%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Small intestinal ischemia and infarction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchas personas disfrutan los juegos de azar, pero algunas tienen problemas con las apuestas. Aquí información sobre la adicción a los juegos de azar." title="Adicción a los juegos de azar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/compulsivegambling.html" id="4309" language="Spanish" date-created="02/04/2008">
<also-called>Jugador compulsivo</also-called>
<also-called>Jugador patológico</also-called>
<also-called>Ludopatía</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas disfrutan de los juegos de azar, ya sea apostándole a un caballo o jugando al póquer por internet. La mayoría de las personas que juega no tiene ningún problema, pero algunas otras tienen dificultad para resistirse o controlar el impulso de jugar. Los signos de que existe un problema incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pensar continuamente en el juego  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mentir acerca del juego &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Utilizar tiempo familiar o laboral para jugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sentirse mal después de jugar pero no dejar de hacerlo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Jugar con el dinero que se necesita para otras cosas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si a usted le preocupa su adicción a los juegos, busque ayuda. Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede ayudarlo a encontrar el tratamiento más adecuado para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;  NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/compulsivegambling.html" id="4308" language="English">Compulsive Gambling</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Azar, Adicción a los juegos de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Juego, Adicción</see-reference>
<see-reference>Jugador patológico</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ludopatía</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescentes y los juegos de azar" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/paginas/teen-gambling.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Pages/Teen-Gambling.aspx?">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ludopatía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/compulsive-gambling/symptoms-causes/syc-20355178?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-gambling/symptoms-causes/syc-20355178?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ludopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001520.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001520.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ludopatía: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/compulsive-gambling/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355184?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tumors can affect adrenal glands. Most adrenal gland tumors are benign. Types of tumors include Neuroblastoma and Pheochromocytoma." title="Adrenal Gland Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html" id="5211" language="English" date-created="06/29/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your adrenal, or suprarenal, glands are located on the top of each kidney. These glands produce hormones that you can't live without, including sex hormones and cortisol, which helps you respond to stress and has many other functions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A number of disorders can affect the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html"&gt;adrenal glands&lt;/a&gt;, including tumors.   Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer. Malignant ones are. Most adrenal gland tumors are benign.  They usually do not cause symptoms and may not require treatment. Malignant adrenal gland cancers are uncommon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Types of tumors include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adrenocortical carcinoma - cancer in the outer part of the gland&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuroblastoma.html"&gt;Neuroblastoma&lt;/a&gt;, a type of childhood cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pheochromocytoma.html"&gt;Pheochromocytoma&lt;/a&gt; - a rare tumor that is usually benign&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms depend on the type of cancer you have. Treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html" id="5212" language="Spanish">Cáncer de las glándulas suprarrenales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000310">Adrenal Gland Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="128">Adrenal Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Abdominal and Pelvic CT (Computed Tomography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal gland removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007437.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Gland Removal (Adrenalectomy)" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/adrenal-gland-removal-adrenalectomy-patient-information-from-sages/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenocortical carcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001663.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aldosterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carney Complex (CNC)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/genetics/family-cancer-syndromes/carney-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adrenal+Gland+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DHEA Sulfate Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Adrenocortical Carcinoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Adrenal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/adrenal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as an Adrenal Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/adrenal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Gland Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adrenal+Gland+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask about Adrenal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/adrenal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-your-doctor.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Adrenocortical Carcinoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq#_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Adrenal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/adrenal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Adrenocortical Carcinoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq#_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-pdq#_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Adrenal Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/adrenal-cancer/about/what-is-adrenal-cortical-cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Adrenal gland disorders, such as Cushing's Syndrome and Addison's Disease, happen when your glands make too much or not enough hormones." title="Adrenal Gland Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="128" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are adrenal glands?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your adrenal glands are two small organs that sit on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make different types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt; you need to stay alive and healthy. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The adrenal glands make the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They also make hormones that your body uses to make sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). All of these hormones do many important jobs, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Turning food into energy and managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt; levels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balancing salt and water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping blood pressure normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Responding to illness and stress (your "fight or flight" response)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Timing when and how fast a child develops sexually&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Supporting pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are adrenal gland disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you have an adrenal gland disorder, your body makes too much or too little of one or more hormones. The symptoms depend on the type of problem you have and how much it affects the hormone levels in your body.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many types of adrenal gland disorders, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html"&gt;Addison's Disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a condition in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html"&gt;Cushing's Syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a condition caused by too much cortisol in the body, often from taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroid medicines&lt;/a&gt; for a long time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aldosterone-producing-adenoma/"&gt;Aldosterone-producing adenoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;benign tumor&lt;/a&gt; (not cancer) that makes too much aldosterone and may cause serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma/"&gt;Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - an inherited condition causing different types of tumors that make adrenaline and other hormones. Some tumors may become cancerous.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html"&gt;Adrenal gland cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - cancerous tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuroblastoma.html"&gt;neuroblastoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)&lt;/strong&gt; - a group of inherited disorders in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol. The most common type is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/21-hydroxylase-deficiency/"&gt;21-hydroxylase deficiency (also called CAH1)&lt;/a&gt;. In the United States, newborn babies get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/17-hydroxyprogesterone/"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; to see if they have CAH. People born with CAH may not have symptoms until childhood or later in life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes adrenal gland disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of adrenal gland disorders depends on the type of disorder you have. Causes can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines such as steroids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A problem in another gland, such as the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html"&gt;pituitary gland&lt;/a&gt;. The pituitary gland releases hormones that affect how the adrenal glands work.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in genes (mutations). These changes can cause the adrenal glands to make too much or too little of one or more hormones.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In many cases the cause of the problem isn't clear.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are adrenal gland disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers use different tests to check for adrenal disorders depending on your symptoms and health history.  For example, you may have tests of your blood, urine (pee), or saliva (spit).  These tests check your hormone levels. Your provider may order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scans&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI scans&lt;/a&gt; to look for tumors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for adrenal gland disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Different types of adrenal gland disorders have different treatments. They include medicines and surgery.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt; is sometimes a treatment for tumors. There are treatments to cure certain adrenal gland disorders. For other disorders, treatments can manage your symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="1724" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000307">Adrenal Gland Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html" id="1233">Addison Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html" id="5211">Adrenal Gland Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4318">Cushing's Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pheochromocytoma.html" id="1237">Pheochromocytoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia</see-reference>
<site title="17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/17-alpha-hydroxylase-17-20-lyase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="17-hydroxycorticosteroids urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003459.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="17-Hydroxyprogesterone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/17-hydroxyprogesterone/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/17-hidroxiprogesterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="17-OH progesterone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003713.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="21-hydroxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/21-hydroxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion rate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003621.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Adrenal Gland Disorders" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ACTH blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="ACTH stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003696.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Acute adrenal crisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000357.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Adrenal Fatigue" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/adrenal-fatigue">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Gland Cancer: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Adrenal gland removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007437.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Adrenal Gland Removal (Adrenalectomy)" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/adrenal-gland-removal-adrenalectomy-patient-information-from-sages/">
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<site title="Adrenal glands" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002219.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Adrenal Incidentaloma" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/adrenal-incidentaloma">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Insufficiency" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/adrenal-insufficiency" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/insuficiencia-suprarrenal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Insufficiency (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adrenal-insufficiency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adrenal-insufficiency.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/adrenal-insufficiency-addisons-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/insuficiencia-suprarrenal-enfermedad-addison">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Adrenoleukodystrophy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/adrenoleukodystrophy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aldosterone blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003704.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Aldosterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/">
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<site title="Aldosterone-producing adenoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aldosterone-producing-adenoma">
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<site title="Blood Test: 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-hydroxyprogesterone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-hydroxyprogesterone.html">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenal Gland Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adrenal+Gland+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adrenal+Hyperplasia,+Congenital%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Congenital adrenal hyperplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000411.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cah" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cah">
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<site title="Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia.html">
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<site title="Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-due-to-11-beta-hydroxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<site title="Corticosterone methyloxidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/corticosterone-methyloxidase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<site title="Cortisol blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cortisol Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/">
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<site title="Cortisol urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="DHEA Sulfate Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="DHEA-sulfate test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003717.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Related Hypertension" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/endocrine-related-hypertension">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Society" url="https://www.endocrine.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial hyperaldosteronism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hyperaldosteronism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Alert: Adrenal Crisis Causes Death in Some People Who Were Treated with hGH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/national-hormone-pituitary-program/health-alert-adrenal-crisis-causes-death-people-treated-hgh">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Adrenal Gland Disorders?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/diagnostican">
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<site title="How Do I Find an Experienced Adrenal Surgeon?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/more_information/other-faqs">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Intrauterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and genital anomalies: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/intrauterine-growth-restriction-metaphyseal-dysplasia-adrenal-hypoplasia-congenita-and-genital-anomalies">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Is There Such a Thing as Adrenal Fatigue?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/expert-answers/adrenal-fatigue/faq-20057906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/expert-answers/adrenal-fatigue/faq-20057906?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian overproduction of androgens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001165.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003600.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000330.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-macronodular-adrenal-hyperplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Gland Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adrenal+Gland+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Renin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Virilization (Adrenogenital Syndrome)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/adrenal-gland-disorders/virilization" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/trastornos-de-las-gl%C3%A1ndulas-suprarrenales/virilizaci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000609.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Types of Adrenal Gland Disorders?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/types" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/tipos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Disorders?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Adrenal Gland Disorders?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/tratamientos">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="What Are the Treatments for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cah/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cah/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-adrenal-hypoplasia-congenita">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Bone Age Study (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Advance directives, or living wills, inform your family about your wishes if you become too ill to let them know. Find out more. " title="Advance Directives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html" id="4151" language="English" date-created="03/24/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;What kind of medical care would you want if you were too ill or hurt to express your wishes? Advance directives are legal documents that allow you to spell out your decisions about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html"&gt;end-of-life&lt;/a&gt; care ahead of time. They give you a way to tell your wishes to family, friends, and health care professionals and to avoid confusion later on. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A living will tells which treatments you want if you are dying or permanently unconscious. You can accept or refuse medical care. You might want to include instructions on:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The use of dialysis and breathing machines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	If you want to be resuscitated if your breathing or heartbeat stops &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tube feeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Organ or tissue donation &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
A durable power of attorney for health care is a document that names your health care proxy. Your proxy is someone you trust to make health decisions for you if you are unable to do so. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
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<mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/advancedirectives.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/advancedirectives.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/advancedirectives.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/advancedirectives.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/advancedirectives.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/advancedirectives.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/advancedirectives.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html" id="496">End of Life Issues</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyissues.html" id="525">Family Issues</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html" id="1355">Hospice Care</related-topic>
<see-reference>Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Living Wills</see-reference>
<see-reference>Resuscitation Orders</see-reference>
<site title="Advance care directives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000472.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advance Care Planning for Serious Illness" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Advanced_Care/docs/AdvanceCare2018.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Advance Care Planning: Advance Directives for Health Care" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/advance-care-planning-advance-directives-health-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/planificacion-legal-financiera/planificacion-anticipada-cuidados-salud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Advance Care Planning: Medical Issues to Consider" url="https://americanhospice.org/caregiving/medical-issues-to-be-considered-in-advance-care-planning/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Hospice Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advance Directives" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/advance-directives" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/manejo-del-cancer/instrucciones-adelantadas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Advance Directives" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/advance-directives.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/directivas-por-anticipado.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advance Directives and Do Not Resuscitate Orders" url="https://familydoctor.org/advance-directives-and-do-not-resuscitate-orders/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/directrices-anticipadas-y-ordenes-de-no-resucitar/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing A Health Care Proxy" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/choosing-health-care-proxy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Advance Directives" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Advance+Directives%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Living Wills" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Living+Wills%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Resuscitation Orders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Resuscitation+Orders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding about treatments that prolong life" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare at Home: Advanced Directives" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-what-matters-most/advance-directives">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Your Affairs in Order Checklist: Documents to Prepare for the Future" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/getting-your-affairs-order-checklist-documents-prepare-future" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/planificacion-legal-financiera/ponga-sus-asuntos-orden">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health care agents" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000469.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living Wills and Advance Directives for Medical Decisions" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/living-wills/art-20046303?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/living-wills/art-20046303?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Making Decisions for Someone at the End of Life" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/making-decisions-someone-end-life" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/entender-decisiones-sobre-atencion-medica-al-final-vida">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Making Medical Decisions for a Loved One at the End of Life" url="https://www.acponline.org/sites/default/files/documents/patients_families/end_of_life_issues/peace/med_decisions.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Physicians</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Alliance for Care at Home" url="https://allianceforcareathome.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Alliance for Care at Home</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychiatric Advance Directives: Getting Started" url="https://nrc-pad.org/getting-started/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advance directives" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Advance+Directives%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="State by State Info (Psychiatric Advance Directives)" url="https://nrc-pad.org/states/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La afasia es un trastorno por daño en la parte del cerebro que controla el lenguaje. Puede dificultar la lectura, la escritura y el habla." title="Afasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html" id="1753" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas para hablar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la afasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La afasia es un trastorno del lenguaje que hace que se dificulte leer, escribir y expresar lo que se quiere decir. A veces también dificulta entender lo que otras personas están diciendo. La afasia no es una afección. Es un síntoma de daño en las partes del cerebro que controlan el lenguaje.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Los signos de afasia dependen de la parte del cerebro que está dañada. Existen cuatro tipos principales de afasia:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afasia expresiva:&lt;/strong&gt; sucede cuando se sabe lo que se quiere decir, pero se tienen problemas para decir o escribir los pensamientos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afasia receptiva:&lt;/strong&gt; afecta la habilidad de leer y entender el lenguaje. Se puede escuchar lo que dicen las personas o ver las palabras en un impreso, pero no se le encuentra sentido a lo que se lee o escucha&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afasia global:&lt;/strong&gt; es la pérdida de casi toda habilidad lingüística. No se puede hablar, entender el lenguaje, leer o escribir&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afasia anómica:&lt;/strong&gt; es cuando una persona tiene problemas para utilizar las palabras correctas para ciertas cosas, personas, lugares o eventos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, la afasia puede mejorar sin tratamiento, pero también puede ser una condición a largo plazo. No hay cura, pero con tratamiento se pueden mejorar las habilidades lingüísticas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la afasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La afasia sucede por daño a una o más partes del cerebro involucradas con el lenguaje. El daño puede suceder por:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, el cual es la causa más común de afasia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html"&gt;Tumor cerebral&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Infección o inflamación cerebral.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html"&gt;Lesión cerebral&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html"&gt;trastornos cerebrales&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades neurológicas&lt;/a&gt; que afectan al cerebro y empeoran con el tiempo, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar afasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar afasia a cualquier edad, pero la mayoría de las personas con afasia son de edad mediana o mayores. La mayoría de los tipos de afasia sucede repentinamente por un accidente cerebrovascular o por una lesión cerebral. La afasia causada por un tumor o trastorno cerebral puede desarrollarse lentamente, con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la afasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si un profesional de la salud observa signos de afasia, el profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evaluar la capacidad de la persona para entender el lenguaje y el habla. Esto incluye hacer preguntas y observar si la persona puede seguir instrucciones simples.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Pedir una resonancia magnética para determinar si hay una lesión cerebral y si parte del cerebro está dañado. Estos análisis incluyen:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;Resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;Tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si las imágenes muestran signos de afasia, puede que se necesiten más pruebas. Estas pruebas miden qué tanto el daño cerebral ha afectado la capacidad de hablar, leer, escribir y entender. En la mayoría de los casos, las pruebas las hace un patólogo del habla y lenguaje o un terapeuta lingüístico (un especialista que trata &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del lenguaje y comunicación&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la afasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas se recuperan completamente de la afasia sin ningún tratamiento. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas deben empezar terapia del habla y lenguaje para tratar la afasia lo más pronto posible.&lt;/p&gt;   
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento puede ser individual o en grupo, con un terapeuta del habla. La terapia utilizando una computadora también puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La terapia específica depende del tipo de pérdida del lenguaje que tenga la persona. Puede incluir ejercicios de lectura, escritura, seguir instrucciones y repetir lo que dice el terapeuta. La terapia también puede incluir aprender a comunicarse con gestos, teléfonos u otros dispositivos electrónicos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La participación de la familia puede ser una parte importante de la terapia del habla. Los miembros de la familia pueden aprender a ayudar con la recuperación en muchas formas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilizar lenguaje sencillo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Incluir a la persona con afasia en las conversaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repetir o escribir palabras claves para ayudar a comunicar de manera más clara&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las habilidades lingüísticas pueden continuar mejorando durante años. Por lo general, las personas recuperan su habilidad de comprender el lenguaje mejor que su capacidad de hablar.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Qué tanto se recupera una persona depende de muchas cosas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué causó la lesion cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué parte del cerebro se lesionó&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cómo se lastimó el cerebro y qué tanto se lastimó&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La edad y la salud de la persona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Puede prevenirse la afasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede ayudar a prevenir la afasia al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer cambios saludables en su estilo de vida para prevenir su riesgo de tener:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Un accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades vasculares&lt;/a&gt; (problemas con los vasos sanguíneos).&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Protegiendo su cerebro de lesiones:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Utilice el casco adecuado para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html"&gt;seguridad deportiva&lt;/a&gt;, por ejemplo, cuando anda en motocicleta&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tomando acción para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;prevenir caídas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Utilizando cinturón de seguridad y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html"&gt;manejando de forma segura&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Instituto Nacional de Desórdenes Neurológicos y Derrame Cerebral&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aphasia.html" id="1212" language="English">Aphasia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Landau-Kleffner, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner</see-reference>
<site title="Afasia" url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/Spanish/La-Afasia/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
</site>
<site title="Afasia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/afasia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#aphasia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Afasia" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/afasia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Afasia progresiva primaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-progressive-aphasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350499?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-progressive-aphasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350499?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comunicarse con alguien con afasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000024.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la afasia afecta el lenguaje" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/desglose-de-la-comunicacion" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/06/communication-breakdown">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deterioro del lenguaje (adultos)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003204.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre ataques o derrames cerebrales y afasia" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/LTAS-Ataques-o-derrames-cerebrales-y-la-afasia.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/lets-talk-about-stroke/life-after-stroke/ltas-stroke-and-aphasia.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mapeo de los problemas de lenguaje en el cerebro" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mapeo-de-los-problemas-de-lenguaje-en-el-cerebro">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cualquier persona que haya tenido COVID-19, ya sea grave o leve, puede tener síntomas persistentes. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamientos y prevención de las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)." title="Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7808" language="Spanish" date-created="09/20/2022">
<also-called>COVID-19 crónico</also-called>
<also-called>COVID-19 de larga duración</also-called>
<also-called>Condición post-COVID-19</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome del COVID-19 persistente</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome post-COVID-19</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt; (enfermedad por coronavirus 2019) es una afección causada por un virus. Muchas personas mejoran a los pocos días o semanas de haberse infectado con el virus. Pero otras tienen afecciones post-COVID. Estas pueden:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener síntomas que persisten durante semanas, meses o incluso años&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Parecen recuperarse de COVID-19 pero luego ven que sus síntomas regresan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desarrollan nuevos síntomas o nuevas afecciones de salud a los pocos meses de tener COVID-19&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay varios otros nombres para las afecciones posteriores al COVID-19. A menudo se le llama COVID persistente. Pero también puede llamarse COVID de larga duración, efectos a largo plazo del COVID, COVID crónico, COVID-19 post-agudo y secuelas post-agudas de SARS-CoV-2 (SPAC).&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona que haya tenido COVID-19, ya sea grave o leve, puede tener síntomas duraderos. Pero tiene un mayor riesgo de tener afecciones posteriores al COVID si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tuvo una enfermedad grave de COVID-19, especialmente si estuvo hospitalizado o necesitó cuidados intensivos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tuvo afecciones de salud subyacentes antes de contraer COVID-19&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No se aplicó una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html"&gt;vacuna contra el COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tuvo síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico (MIS-C) durante o después de COVID-19. MIS-C es una afección rara pero grave en la que se inflaman diferentes partes del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las afecciones posteriores al COVID no afectan a todos de la misma manera. Puede causar varios tipos y combinaciones de síntomas en diferentes personas. Los síntomas pueden afectar diferentes partes del cuerpo, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas generales, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas respiratorios, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas cardíacos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor torácico&lt;/a&gt; y palpitaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas neurológicos como dificultad para pensar y concentrarse ("niebla cerebral"), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas digestivos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; y dolor de estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas pueden tener una amplia variedad de síntomas que son similares a los de otras afecciones, como &lt;a href="../spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" tid="1821"&gt;encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las personas, los síntomas mejoran lentamente con el tiempo. Pero para otras los síntomas pueden durar semanas, meses o más. En ocasiones, los síntomas son lo suficientemente graves como para causar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para las afecciones posteriores al COVID. Para saber si tiene afecciones posteriores al COVID, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia clínica. Esto incluye saber si ha tenido un diagnóstico de COVID-19, ya sea en base a una prueba positiva, síntomas o exposición&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Ordenar pruebas de sangre y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imágenes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los síntomas de las afecciones posteriores al COVID pueden ser difíciles de explicar. Los resultados de las pruebas de sangre y de imágenes pueden ser normales. Y en ocasiones las personas que tienen síntomas inexplicables pueden ser malinterpretadas por sus proveedores de salud. Por ello, es posible que tome algún tiempo obtener un diagnóstico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Todavía no existe un tratamiento específico para las afecciones posteriores al COVID-19. Su profesional de la salud y usted pueden trabajar juntos para crear un plan de atención personal para controlar sus síntomas y mejorar su calidad de vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de prevenir las afecciones posteriores al COVID es evitar contraer COVID-19. Mantenerse al día con las vacunas contra el COVID-19, incluyendo refuerzos, puede ayudar a prevenir la infección por coronavirus y proteger contra enfermedades graves.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7807" language="English">Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID)</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>COVID persistente</see-reference>
<site title="COVID prolongado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007791.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 (coronavirus): Efectos a largo plazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 persistente en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/covid-19/paginas/long-haul-covid-19-in-children-and-teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/covid-19/pages/long-haul-covid-19-in-children-and-teens.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: Efectos a largo plazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo navegar el COVID persistente" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-navegar-el-covid-persistente" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/navigating-long-covid">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="El camino largo: Cuando los síntomas de la COVID-19 no desaparecen." url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-camino-largo-cuando-los-sintomas-de-la-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-long-haul-when-covid-19-symptoms-dont-go-away">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre el COVID prolongado" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/informacion-sobre-el-covid-prolongado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/11/insights-into-long-covid">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Tienes la condición Post COVID-19?" url="https://www.paho.org/es/temas/coronavirus/brote-enfermedad-por-coronavirus-covid-19/condicion-post-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/en/topics/coronavirus-infections/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pandemic/post-covid-19-condition">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las aftas son úlceras dolorosas al interior de la boca. Entérese sobre causas y tratamientos de las aftas bucales." title="Aftas bucales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html" id="6054" language="Spanish" date-created="04/23/2014">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las aftas son pequeñas llagas redondas que aparecen en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html"&gt;boca&lt;/a&gt;. Pueden aparecer dentro de la mejilla, debajo de la lengua o detrás de la garganta. Por lo general tienen un borde rojo y un centro gris. Pueden ser muy dolorosas. No son igual al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html"&gt;herpes labial&lt;/a&gt;, que son causadas por el herpes simple.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las aftas no son contagiosas. Pueden salir por una infección viral. También pueden desencadenarse por estrés, alergias a los alimentos, falta de vitaminas y minerales, cambios hormonales o períodos menstruales. A veces la causa es desconocida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la mayoría de los casos, las llagas desaparecen solas. Algunos ungüentos, cremas o enjuagues pueden aliviar el dolor. Si tiene aftas, evite la comida picante y condimentada, eso también puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html" id="6053" language="English">Canker Sores</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Boca, Aftas</see-reference>
<site title="Afta" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/canker-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20370615?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/canker-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20370615?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Afta: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/canker-sore/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370620?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aftas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/canker.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/canker.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aftas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000998.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aftas (Estomaititis aftosa recurrente)" url="https://www.aaom.com/assets/condition-information/spanishcankersores.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=82:canker-sores&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Medicina Oral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aftas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/canker.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/canker.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de las aftas" url="https://www.aaom.com/assets/condition-information/spanishtreatmentcankersores.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=86:canker-sores-treatment&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Medicina Oral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras bucales" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ulceras-bucales-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/canker-sores/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you concerned about post-surgery side effects or after surgery care? Learn about how to care for incisions, control pain, and more." title="After Surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/aftersurgery.html" id="5419" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<also-called>Postoperative care</also-called>
<also-called>Recovery from surgery</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;After any &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html"&gt;operation&lt;/a&gt;, you'll have some side effects. There is usually some pain with surgery. There may also be swelling and soreness around the area that the surgeon cut.   Your surgeon can tell you which side effects to expect.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There can also be complications. These are unplanned events linked to the operation. Some complications are infection, too much bleeding, reaction to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html"&gt;anesthesia&lt;/a&gt;, or accidental injury. Some people have a greater risk of complications because of other medical conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your surgeon can tell you how you might feel and what you will be able to do - or not do - the first few days, weeks, or months after surgery. Some other questions to ask are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How long you will be in the hospital&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What kind of supplies, equipment, and help you might need when you go home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When you can go back to work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When it is ok to start exercising again&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are they any other restrictions in your activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Following your surgeon's advice can help you recover as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aftersurgery.html" id="5420" language="Spanish">Después de una cirugía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011183">Postoperative Complications</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011182">Postoperative Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aftersurgery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Postoperative Care</see-reference>
<site title="Bland diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Your Incision after Surgery" url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-your-incision-after-surgery/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-de-las-incisiones/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clear liquid diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Postoperative Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Postoperative+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Postoperative Complications" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Postoperative+Complications%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Closed suction drain with bulb" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep breathing after surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000440.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Full liquid diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting out of bed after surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000174.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000174.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting your home ready - after the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000432.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemovac drain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indwelling catheter care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keloids" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/keloids/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://es.familydoctor.org/familydoctor/es/diseases-conditions/keloids.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain Control after Surgery: Pain Medicines" url="https://familydoctor.org/pain-control-after-surgery-pain-medicines/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/control-del-dolor-despues-de-la-cirugia-medicamentos-para-el-dolor/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain Medications after Surgery" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20046452?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20046452?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postsurgical pain treatment in adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000406.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="After Surgery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Postoperative+Complications%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Postoperative+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - female" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suprapubic catheter care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/surgery/surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/cirug%C3%ADa/cirug%C3%ADa">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Site Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/surgical-site-infections/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/ssi/SPAN_SSI.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical wound care - closed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical wound care - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical wound infection - treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007645.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007645.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Myself: A Guide for When I Leave the Hospital" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/goinghomeguide.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/hospitals-clinics/goinghome-esp/goinghomesp.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The day of surgery for your child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The day of your surgery - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary catheters" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine drainage bags" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using an incentive spirometer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000451.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El agrandamiento de la próstata es un problema común en hombres mayores de 50 años. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento." title="Agrandamiento de la próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html" id="6197" language="Spanish" date-created="06/04/2014">
<also-called>Hiperplasia benigna de la próstata</also-called>
<also-called>Hipertrofia prostática benigna</also-called>
<also-called>Próstata agrandada</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el agrandamiento de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una próstata agrandada ocurre cuando la próstata se vuelve más grande de lo normal. También se conoce como &lt;strong&gt;hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB)&lt;/strong&gt; Benigno significa que no es cáncer, y la hiperplasia significa demasiado crecimiento celular. La HPB no es cáncer y no aumenta el riesgo de padecer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html"&gt;cáncer de próstata&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, la glándula prostática continúa creciendo durante la vida adulta. Por esto, la HPB es la afección prostática más común en personas mayores de 50 años. A medida que la próstata crece, puede presionar la vejiga y comprimir la uretra. Esto puede hacer más lento o bloquear el flujo de orina que sale de la vejiga.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, el músculo de la vejiga puede debilitarse al tratar de orinar a través de una uretra estrecha. Cuando esto sucede, es posible que su vejiga no se vacíe por completo al orinar. Una uretra estrecha y una vejiga débil causan muchos de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html"&gt;problemas urinarios&lt;/a&gt; por HPB.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el agrandamiento de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no están seguros de por qué la próstata sigue creciendo. Algunos investigadores creen que los cambios &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonales&lt;/a&gt; con el envejecimiento pueden hacer que la próstata se agrande.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar agrandamiento de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que desarrolle HPB si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene 40 años o más. La probabilidad de tener HPB aumenta a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene familiares que han tenido HPB&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;problemas circulatorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Disfunción eréctil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;No hace suficiente ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del agrandamiento de la próstata&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la hiperplasia prostática benigna incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html"&gt;Tener una necesidad frecuente o urgente de orinar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Despertarse muchas veces para orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas con el flujo de orina, como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Problemas para empezar a orinar&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Flujo de orina débil, lento o que se detiene y comienza&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Goteo después de orinar&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Incontinencia urinaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Sentir que no puede vaciar completamente la vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor después de la eyaculación o al orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orina con un color u olor inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante consultar con su profesional de la salud si tiene alguno de estos síntomas, ya que podrían deberse a un problema de salud más grave.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Debe &lt;strong&gt;obtener ayuda médica de inmediato&lt;/strong&gt; si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No puede orinar en absoluto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt; y escalofríos con micción que es dolorosa, frecuente y urgente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/"&gt;Tiene sangre en la orina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene dolor en la parte inferior del abdomen y en el tracto urinario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el agrandamiento de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las personas, la hiperplasia prostática benigna no causa otros problemas. Pero la HPB aumenta la probabilidad de desarrollar afecciones graves, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Retención urinaria aguda:&lt;/strong&gt; En esta afección, de repente no se puede orinar en lo absoluto. Es una emergencia médica. La retención urinaria aguda es común en hombres mayores y la posibilidad de tenerla aumenta con la edad. Puede ser desencadenado por:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos de venta libre para el resfriado o la alergia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;Beber alcohol&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Temperaturas frías&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;No moverse lo suficiente durante un largo período de tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Daño y cálculos en la vejiga&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Daño en el riñón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el agrandamiento de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene hiperplasia prostática benigna, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia clínica:&lt;/strong&gt; Asegúrese de informarle a su proveedor sobre todos los medicamentos que toma, ya que ciertas medicinas pueden empeorar los síntomas de la HPB&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su &lt;strong&gt;historia de salud familiar&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examinarle:&lt;/strong&gt; El examen puede incluir un examen rectal digital de su próstata. En un este examen, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado en su recto para verificar si su próstata es grande, sensible o irregular de alguna otra manera&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solicitar pruebas médicas, si es necesario&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Análisis de orina&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/"&gt;prueba de antígeno prostático específico (PSA)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Pruebas urodinámicas para ver qué tan bien puede retener y liberar la orina&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Cistoscopia para observar el interior de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html"&gt;uretra&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;vejiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;Imágenes de ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt; de su próstata y tracto urinario&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de próstata para diagnosticar o descartar cáncer de próstata&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el agrandamiento de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No todas las personas necesitan tratamiento para la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Las opciones de tratamiento dependen de cuánto le molesten sus síntomas, su salud, edad y el tamaño de su próstata:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt; pueden mejorar los síntomas leves, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Beber menos líquidos antes de acostarse o salir&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Evitar o reducir las bebidas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt; y alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Entrenar la vejiga y ejercitar los músculos que controlan el flujo de orina&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Prevenir o tratar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; pueden ayudar con los síntomas leves a moderados al:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Detener el crecimiento de la próstata&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Encoger la próstata&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Relajar los músculos para mejorar el flujo de orina&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, combinar dos tipos de medicamentos ayuda más que tomar solo un tipo de medicina.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;procedimientos médicos&lt;/strong&gt; pueden ayudar a mejorar los síntomas de HPB de moderados a graves cuando los medicamentos no ayudan lo suficiente. Hay varios tipos diferentes de procedimientos. Todos usan un instrumento que se inserta en la uretra para:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ensanchar la uretra&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Destruir parte de la próstata con calor&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; puede ser útil cuando los síntomas son graves, otros tratamientos no han ayudado o si tiene otro problema, como daño en la vejiga. Se utilizan diferentes tipos de cirugía para:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;		
		&lt;li&gt;Quitar parte o la totalidad de la próstata&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Hacer cortes en la próstata para aliviar la presión de la uretra&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las cirugías para la HPB se realizan con herramientas que se insertan en la uretra.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede explicar los posibles beneficios y efectos secundarios de sus opciones de tratamiento para que pueda decidir cuál es el mejor para usted.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el agrandamiento de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no han encontrado formas de prevenir la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Puede cuidar la salud de su próstata al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;Hablar con su profesional de la salud&lt;/a&gt; sobre su riesgo de desarrollar agrandamiento de la próstata&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html"&gt;chequeos regulares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prestar atención a sus síntomas para que pueda recibir tratamiento temprano si observa signos de HPB&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html" id="6196" language="English">Enlarged Prostate (BPH)</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html" id="2110">Cáncer de próstata</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html" id="2111">Enfermedades de la próstata</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142">Salud de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menshealth.html" id="2030">Salud de los hombres</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hiperplasia benigna de la próstata</see-reference>
<see-reference>Próstata agrandada</see-reference>
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</site>
<site title="Significado de los cambios en la próstata: Guía de salud para los hombres" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tacto rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de próstata" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-prostate">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una agresión sexual es cualquier tipo de actividad, contacto o experiencia sexual que ocurre sin su consentimiento. Nunca es culpa de la víctima. Obtenga más información." title="Agresión sexual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html" id="2118" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Asalto sexual</also-called>
<also-called>Violación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una agresión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La agresión sexual es cualquier tipo de actividad, contacto o 
experiencia sexual que ocurre &lt;strong&gt;sin&lt;/strong&gt; consentimiento. Esto significa que la 
actividad sexual ocurre aunque no esté de acuerdo con ella.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La agresión sexual puede ocurrir con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Fuerza física o amenazas de fuerza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coerción sexual (ser presionado, engañado, amenazado o forzado 
de una manera no física)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcohol o drogas, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html"&gt;drogas para violación&lt;/a&gt; en citas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La agresión sexual también se conoce como violencia sexual o 
abuso sexual. Afecta a millones de personas cada año. Cualquiera 
puede ser víctima de una agresión sexual. Muchas víctimas 
experimentan por primera vez &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;abuso sexual durante la infancia&lt;/a&gt;. La 
mayoría de las víctimas son niñas y mujeres. Pero muchos niños y 
hombres también son víctimas de agresión sexual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si ha sido agredido sexualmente, nunca es su culpa. Es algo que le 
pasa a &lt;i&gt;usted&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué incluye la agresión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La agresión sexual es cualquier actividad sexual &lt;strong&gt;no 
deseada&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Actividad sexual con contacto físico&lt;/strong&gt;, que 
involucra desde contacto sexual o besos hasta violación o intento de 
violación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Actividad sexual sin contacto físico&lt;/strong&gt;, 
incluyendo cosas que pueden suceder en persona, en línea o a través 
de mensajes de texto, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exhibicionismo o "flashing" (cuando alguien le muestra sus 
genitales sin pedirle permiso)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ser forzado a mirar imágenes sexuales o posar para fotos 
sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recibir mensajes de texto no deseados con fotos o mensajes 
sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Voyerismo (cuando alguien mira actos sexuales privados sin 
permiso)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recibir amenazas sexuales o ser acosado sexualmente 
(comentarios sexuales no deseados, solicitudes de favores sexuales u 
otro comportamiento sexual continuo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier actividad sexual que ocurra sin su consentimiento es 
agresión sexual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué significa "consentimiento"?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dar su consentimiento significa decir "sí" clara y libremente a la 
actividad sexual. Su consentimiento significa que usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sabe y entiende lo que está pasando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede decir lo que quiere hacer y lo que no quiere hacer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No es menor de edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No está siendo presionado o engañado para hacer cosas que no 
quiere hacer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Entregar el consentimiento no es:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Silencio:&lt;/strong&gt; No decir "no" no significa que esté 
diciendo "sí"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haber consentido en el pasado&lt;/strong&gt;: Haber dicho "sí" 
al sexo con alguien en el pasado no significa que haya aceptado toda 
actividad sexual en el futuro. Esto es así en una relación pasajera o en 
una relación duradera&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ser pasivo&lt;/strong&gt;; y no luchar contra un atacante&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No puede dar su consentimiento si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Está drogado, borracho, desmayado o dormido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es mentalmente incapaz de dar su consentimiento debido a una 
enfermedad o discapacidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es menor de edad (los estados tienen diferentes leyes sobre la 
edad que debe tener para entregar su consentimiento legal para la 
actividad sexual)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es coaccionado sexualmente: Esto significa que alguien está 
presionándole para que participes en actividades sexuales. Aceptar 
sexo bajo presión no es entregar consentimiento. La presión puede 
incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abusar del poder sobre usted, por ejemplo, un jefe que amenaza su 
trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer amenazas de dañar a las personas que le importan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer falsas promesas para recompensarlo por sexo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Amenazar con terminar una relación o difundir rumores sobre 
usted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Agotarle al pedirle sexo constantemente o hacerle sentir culpable u 
obligado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién comete agresión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tanto hombres como mujeres cometen agresiones sexuales. Una 
persona que comete agresión sexual puede ser un extraño, pero más a 
menudo es alguien que conoce, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un amigo o conocido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alguien con quien trabaja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un vecino&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un miembro de la familia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una pareja romántica actual o anterior, incluyendo un cónyuge&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los posibles efectos en la salud de la agresión 
sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La agresión sexual puede tener muchos efectos en la salud. 
Muchos de ellos pueden afectar su salud y bienestar de por vida. Los 
efectos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Efectos físicos tales como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;Contusiones&lt;/a&gt; o lesiones genitales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas continuos con:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Salud reproductiva femenina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html"&gt;Trastornos digestivos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html"&gt;Salud sexual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Efectos psicológicos como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamientos sobre el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;Trastorno de estrés postraumático&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las víctimas de agresión sexual tienen más probabilidades de 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt;, tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, usar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt; y tener conductas sexuales de riesgo. Las niñas que experimentan 
violencia sexual tienen más probabilidades de convertirse en víctimas 
de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;violencia en la pareja&lt;/a&gt; en la edad adulta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer si soy víctima de agresión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si está en peligro o necesita atención médica, llame al 911&lt;/strong&gt;. Si 
puede, aléjese de la persona que le agredió y vaya a un lugar seguro lo 
más rápido que pueda.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede llamar a la línea directa nacional de agresión sexual al 
800-656-HOPE (4673) para conectarse con un proveedor de servicios 
de agresión sexual en su área que pueda referirle a recursos locales 
(no todos los proveedores de servicios para víctimas de asalto sexual 
ofrece recursos en español).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obtener apoyo después de una agresión sexual puede ayudarle a 
sobrellevar mejor la situación y reducir los efectos a largo plazo. Los 
servicios para víctimas, como los centros de crisis por violación, 
pueden entregar un lugar seguro y sano donde encontrar apoyo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los estudios muestran que los tratamientos como la terapia 
cognitivo conductual centrada en el trauma (TF-CBT, por sus siglas en 
inglés) puede ayudar a las víctimas a sobrellevar la depresión, la 
ansiedad y el trastorno de estrés postraumático.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la agresión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La agresión sexual nunca es culpa de la víctima. Nadie que haya 
sido agredido debe ser culpado por algo que hizo o dejó de hacer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede tomar algunas medidas para tratar de estar más seguro con 
los demás:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Ir a fiestas con amigos&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuídense unos a otros. 
Si un amigo parece estar borracho o drogado, llévalo a un lugar seguro. 
Tenga un plan sobre cómo llegará a casa también&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vigile su consumo de alcohol&lt;/strong&gt;: Alguien podría 
agregarle alcohol o droga sin que usted lo sepa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conozca personas por primera vez en un lugar 
público&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Escuche sus "corazonadas":&lt;/strong&gt; Si se siente 
incómodo con alguien, retírese del lugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Preste atención a sus alrededores: &lt;/strong&gt;Cuando 
camine solo, quédese en áreas concurridas y bien iluminadas. Y no use 
audífonos. Escuche lo que sucede a su alrededor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html" id="380" language="English">Sexual Assault</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="1865">Violencia en la pareja</related-topic>
<see-reference>Violación</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso sexual" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/sexual-assault" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/sexual-assault">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso sexual en campus universitarios" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/college-sexual-assault" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/college-sexual-assault">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agresión sexual y violación" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/salud-femenina/violencia-dom%C3%A9stica-y-agresiones-sexuales/agresi%C3%B3n-sexual-y-violaci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogas para violación durante una cita" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de una agresión sexual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007461.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes después de un trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recursos por estado sobre la violencia contra la mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violación" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/rape" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/rape">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia sexual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001955.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Víctimas de agresión sexual" url="https://ovc.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh226/files/media/document/sexualassaultvictimization_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos, Oficina para Víctimas del Crimen</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el trauma sexual militar?" url="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/Spanish/MentalHealth/PTSD/EmotionalHealth/142,UG4317_ES_VA" language-mapped-url="https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/mst_general_factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la violencia sexual?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/digital-social-media-tools/cdctv/sexual-violence-esp/violencia-sexual.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Está tomando suficiente agua? ¿Cómo saber que el agua que toma es segura? Entérese en nuestra página agua potable." title="Agua potable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html" id="1867" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Agua para beber</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos necesitamos agua para vivir. La cantidad depende de nuestra talla, el nivel de actividad y el clima donde vivimos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El agua potable de la llave es una combinación de aguas que se encuentran en la superficie del suelo (superficial) y aguas subterráneas. El agua superficial incluye a los ríos, lagos y represas. Las aguas subterráneas provienen del subsuelo (capa de suelo debajo de la capa superficial de la tierra). En los Estados Unidos existe uno de los suministros de agua más sanos del mundo, pero la calidad del agua potable puede variar de un lugar a otro. Esta depende de la condición de la fuente del agua y del tratamiento que recibe. El tratamiento puede incluir agregarle fluoruro para prevenir las caries y cloruro para matar a los gérmenes.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, su proveedor de agua potable debe enviarle informes anuales sobre el agua potable. El informe incluye de dónde viene el agua y qué &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html"&gt;contaminantes&lt;/a&gt; puede contener. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html" id="1435" language="English">Drinking Water</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html" id="1758">Asbesto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html" id="3173">Contaminación del agua</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="2236">Criptosporidiosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html" id="2000">Envenenamiento con plomo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html" id="1874">Infecciones por Escherichia coli</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giardiainfections.html" id="1923">Infecciones por Giardia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910">Seguridad con los alimentos</related-topic>
<site title="Agua" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/agua">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agua del grifo: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1008ZO0.PDF?Dockey=P1008ZO0.PDF" language-mapped-url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1008ZP0.PDF?Dockey=P1008ZP0.PDF">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Agua embotellada: Cómo mantener su inocuidad" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/agua-embotellada-por-todas-partes-como-mantener-su-inocuidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/bottled-water-everywhere-keeping-it-safe">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agua en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002471.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agua fluorada (y el riesgo de cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-agua-fluorada" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/fluoridated-water-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Agua: ¿Cuánta agua debes beber cada día?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="ATSDR en español" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beber agua del grifo durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tap-water-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tap-water-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciencia del agua para las escuelas" url="https://water.usgs.gov/gotita/" language-mapped-url="http://water.usgs.gov/edu/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desinfección de agua potable en situaciones de emergencia" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/desinfeccion-de-agua-potable-en-situaciones-de-emergencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/emergency-disinfection-drinking-water">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="FDA regula la seguridad del agua envasada, incluidas el agua saborizada y el agua con nutrientes agregados" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/la-fda-regula-la-seguridad-del-agua-envasada-incluidas-el-agua-saborizada-y-el-agua-con-nutrientes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/fda-regulates-safety-bottled-water-beverages-including-flavored-water-and-nutrient-added-water">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga los alimentos seguros después de un desastre o una emergencia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/es/foods/mantenga-los-alimentos-seguros-despues-de-un-desastre-o-una-emergencia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Persistencia de los plásticos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-persistencia-de-los-plasticos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/persistence-plastics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usando el agua eficientemente: Ideas para las residencias" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-02/documents/ws-ourwater-residence-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué es bueno beber agua?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/water.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/water.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Sabía que una persona se puede ahogar en un charco de agua? Entérese sobre el ahogamiento y cómo estar seguro en el agua." title="Ahogo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html" id="1868" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Ahogamiento</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las personas se ahogan cuando tienen mucha agua en sus pulmones. Usted puede ahogarse en apenas una pulgada o dos de agua. Los bebés pueden ahogarse en una bañera o en un lavabo. Los preescolares tienen más probabilidades de ahogarse en las piscinas. Las personas con trastornos convulsivos también están en riesgo cuando están en el agua. El ahogamiento puede ocurrir en forma rápida y silenciosa.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Las precauciones para evitar un ahogo deben incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Colocar cercas alrededor de las piscinas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Supervisar a los niños cerca de cualquier cuerpo de agua, incluyendo bañeras &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/watersafetyrecreational.html"&gt;nadar o navegar&lt;/a&gt; cuando se encuentre bajo los efectos del alcohol o de sedantes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Utilizar chalecos salvavidas para navegar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Aprender &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html"&gt;resucitación cardiopulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drowning.html" id="218" language="English">Drowning</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Casi ahogamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000046.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir los ahogamientos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-drowning.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-drowning.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peligros de las piscinas y la prevención del ahogamiento, cuando no es hora de nadar" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/pool-dangers-drowning-prevention-when-not-swimming-time.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Pool-Dangers-Drowning-Prevention-When-Not-Swimming-Time.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de ahogamientos para pequeños curiosos: Lo que los padres deben saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/water-safety-and-young-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Drowning.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP): Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/ART-20056600?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know that air pollution can happen both inside buildings and outdoors?  Get the facts how air pollution effects your health." title="Air Pollution" url="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html" id="130" language="English" date-created="07/19/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, 
chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ozone.html"&gt;Ozone&lt;/a&gt;, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. 
When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some air pollutants are poisonous. Inhaling them can increase the chance you'll have 
health problems. People with heart or lung disease, older adults and children are at 
greater risk from air pollution. Air pollution isn't just outside - the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html"&gt;air inside&lt;/a&gt;  buildings can also be polluted and affect your health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html" id="1730" language="Spanish">Contaminación del aire</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000397">Air Pollution</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/environmentalhealth.html" id="521">Environmental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537">Indoor Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ozone.html" id="1539">Ozone</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pollution</see-reference>
<site title="10 Tips to Protect Yourself from Unhealthy Air" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/10-tips-to-protect-yourself">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Air Quality" url="https://www.cdc.gov/air-quality/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/calidadaire/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acid Rain" url="https://www.epa.gov/acidrain">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Air" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/environmental/air/index.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Air Pollutants" url="https://www.cdc.gov/air-quality/pollutants/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Air Pollution and Your Health" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/air-pollution">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Air Quality Index (AQI) Basics" url="https://www.airnow.gov/aqi/aqi-basics/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="AirNow: Local Air Quality Conditions and Forecasts" url="https://www.airnow.gov/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="America's Children and the Environment" url="https://www.epa.gov/americaschildrenenvironment">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clean Air Outdoors" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Air Pollution" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Air+Pollution%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disparities in the Impact of Air Pollution" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/who-is-at-risk/disparities">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Green Vehicle Guide" url="https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hazardous Air Pollutants" url="https://www.epa.gov/haps">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Effects of Air Pollution" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/environmental/air/effects.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Heart Toolkit and Research: Steps You Can Take to Reduce Health Effects from Air Pollution" url="https://www.epa.gov/air-research/healthy-heart-toolkit-and-research-steps-you-can-take" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/padece-del-corazon">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung problems and volcanic smog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007468.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Particulate Matter (PM) Pollution" url="https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Yourself: Respirators" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/respirators.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Air Pollution" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Air+Pollution%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Researchers Are Exposing Troubling Consequences of Air Pollution" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/researchers-are-exposing-troubling-consequences-of-air-pollution" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-investigadores-estan-exponiendo-las-preocupantes-consecuencias-de-la-contaminacion-ambiental">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Risk Assessment" url="https://www.epa.gov/risk">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="State of the Air: State Air Quality Report Cards" url="https://www.lung.org/research/sota/city-rankings/states">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transportation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change" url="https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Air Quality and Ionizing Radiation" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/air-quality-and-ionizing-radiation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volcanic Gases Can Be Harmful to Health, Vegetation, and Infrastructure" url="https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-gases-can-be-harmful-health-vegetation-and-infrastructure">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Geological Survey</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Health Costs of Air Pollution, and What Can We Do About It?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-are-the-health-costs-of-air-pollution-and-what-can-we-do-about-it" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuales-son-los-costos-para-la-salud-de-la-contaminacion-ambiental-y-que-podemos-hacer-al-respecto">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people drink alcohol. Drinking too much can take a serious toll on your health. It's important to know how alcohol affects you and how much is too much." title="Alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html" id="1558" language="English" date-created="10/04/2001">
<also-called>Drinking</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many Americans drink alcohol at least occasionally. The &lt;a href="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/DGA_2020-2025_ExecutiveSummary_English.pdf"&gt; Dietary Guidelines for Americans&lt;/a&gt; say that adults of legal drinking age should either not drink or drink in moderation. Drinking less is better for your health than drinking more. Also, there are some people who should not drink at all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are going to drink, it's important to know how alcohol affects you and how much is too much.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does alcohol affect the body?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. This means that it is a drug that slows down brain activity. It can change your mood, behavior, and self-control. It can cause problems with memory and thinking clearly. Alcohol can also affect your coordination and physical control.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Alcohol also has effects on the other organs in your body. For example, it can raise your blood pressure and heart rate. If you drink too much at once, it could make you throw up.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Why are the effects of alcohol different from person to person?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alcohol's effects vary from person to person, depending on a variety of factors, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How much you drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How often you drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your overall health&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether or not you have a family history of alcohol problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is moderate drinking?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For most women, moderate drinking is no more than 1 standard drink a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For most men, moderate drinking is no more than 2 standard drinks a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even though moderate drinking may be safe for many people, there are still risks. Moderate drinking can raise the risk of death from certain cancers and heart diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a standard drink?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the United States, a standard drink is one that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol, which is found in:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12 ounces of regular beer (5% alcohol content)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;5 ounces of wine (12% alcohol content)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1.5 ounces or a "shot" of distilled spirits or liquor (40% alcohol content)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who should not drink alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people should not drink alcohol at all, including those who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are in recovery from an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol use disorder&lt;/a&gt; (AUD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Are are unable to control the amount they drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html"&gt;under age 21&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt; or trying to become pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are taking medicines that can interact with alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have medical conditions that get can worse if you drink alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are planning on driving&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will be operating machinery or doing activities that require skill, coordination, and alertness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have questions about whether it is safe for you to drink, talk with your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is excessive drinking?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Excessive drinking includes binge drinking and heavy alcohol use:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Binge drinking is drinking so much at once that your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level is 0.08% or more: 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;For men, this usually happens after having 5 or more drinks within a few hours.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;For women, it is usually after about 4 or more drinks within a few hours.&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heavy alcohol use means:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;For men, having more than 5 drinks on any day or more than 15 drinks per week.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;For women, having more than 4 drinks on any day or more than 8 drinks per week.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Binge drinking raises your risk of injuries, car crashes, and alcohol overdose. It also puts you at risk of becoming violent or being the victim of violence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Heavy alcohol use over a long period of time may cause health problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcohol use disorder (AUD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Liver diseases&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html"&gt;fatty liver disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased risk of certain cancers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased risk of injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Heavy alcohol use can also cause problems at home, at work, and with friends. But &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html"&gt;treatment&lt;/a&gt; can help.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html" id="1732" language="Spanish">Alcohol</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000428">Alcohol Drinking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="120">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html" id="6621">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" id="1313">Underage Drinking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alcohol Consumption</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drinking</see-reference>
<site title="Alcohol and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/alcohol/alcohol-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alcohol/hoja-informativa-alcohol">
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<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
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</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Alcohol: Does It Affect Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058254?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058254?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants and Alcohol: What's the Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/FAQ-20058231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/faq-20058231?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Alcohol Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-alcohol-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alcohol-en-la-sangre/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="College Drinking - Changing the Culture" url="https://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding to quit drinking alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm">
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<site title="Do you have a drinking problem?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000507.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drinking Levels Defined" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/moderate-binge-drinking" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/definicion-de-niveles-y-patrones-de-consumo-de-alcohol">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugged Driving" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/conducir-bajo-el-efecto-de-drogas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Effects of Mixing Alcohol and Caffeine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/about-alcohol-use/alcohol-caffeine.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ethanol poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002644.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Aging and Alcohol" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alcohol-misuse-or-alcohol-use-disorder/facts-about-aging-and-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alcohol/datos-factuales-sobre-envejecimiento-alcohol">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts About U.S. Deaths from Excessive Alcohol Use" url="https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Help" url="https://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/specialfeatures/gettinghelp.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hangovers" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/hangovers" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/resaca">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Harmful Interactions: Mixing Alcohol with Medicines" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/reacciones-adversas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
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</site>
<site title="Health risks of alcohol use" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000494.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="How Many Is Too Many? When Drinking Becomes a Problem" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/10/how-many-too-many" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuanto-alcohol-es-demasiado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Adults and Alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/older-adults">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Alcohol Consumption" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/overview-alcohol-consumption">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adverse effects of alcohol drinking" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alcohol+Drinking%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Responsible drinking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000527.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000527.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risky Drinking Can Put a Chill on Your Summer Fun" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/risky-drinking-can-put-chill-on-your-summer-fun" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/beber-peligrosamente-puede-enfriar-la-diversion-del-verano">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Tips to Try -- Rethinking Drinking" url="https://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/thinking-about-change/tips-try">
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<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding the Dangers of Alcohol Overdose" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-dangers-of-alcohol-overdose" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/es/node/5421">
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<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using Alcohol to Relieve Your Pain: What Are the Risks?" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/using-alcohol-to-relieve-your-pain" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/recurrir-al-alcohol-para-aliviar-el-dolor-cuales-son-los-riesgos">
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<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Weight loss and alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000889.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When you are drinking too much - tips for cutting back" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000503.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Wine and heart health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001963.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/women-and-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/las-mujeres-y-el-alcohol">
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<site title="Worksheets and More" url="https://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/tools/worksheets-more">
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchas personas beben alcohol. Beber demasiado puede afectar gravemente la salud. Es importante saber cómo afecta el alcohol y los límites recomendados." title="Alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html" id="1732" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Beber alcohol</also-called>
<also-called>Tomar vino</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchos estadounidenses beben alcohol al menos ocasionalmente. Las Guías Alimentarias para Estadounidenses establecen que los adultos en edad legal para beber no deben beber o tomar con moderación. Es más saludable beber menor cantidad que más. Además, hay algunas personas que no deberían beber en lo absoluto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si va a beber, es importante conocer cómo el alcohol puede afectarle y cuánto es demasiado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo el alcohol afecta al cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El alcohol es un depresor del sistema nervioso central, es decir, es una droga que hace más lenta la actividad cerebral. Puede cambiar su estado de ánimo, comportamiento y autocontrol. Puede causar problemas con la memoria y pensar con claridad. También puede afectar su coordinación y control físico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además, el alcohol tiene efectos en otros órganos del cuerpo. Por ejemplo, puede elevar la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca. Si bebe demasiado de una vez, puede causar vómitos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué los efectos del alcohol son diferentes de persona a persona?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los efectos del alcohol varían de persona a persona, dependiendo de una variedad de factores, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuánto bebe&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuán seguido bebe&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La cantidad de comida que consumió antes de beber&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su edad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su sexo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su genética&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su estado de salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene o no antecedentes familiares de problemas con el alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el consumo moderado de alcohol? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para la mayoría de las mujeres, beber moderadamente significa no más de un trago estándar al día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para la mayoría de los hombres, significa no más de dos tragos estándar al día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si bien beber moderadamente puede ser seguro para muchas personas, hay ciertos riesgos. Beber en forma moderada puede aumentar el riesgo de muerte por ciertos tipos de cáncer y enfermedades del corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un trago o bebida estándar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, un trago estándar (conocido también como unidad de bebida estándar) es aquella que contiene alrededor de 14 gramos de alcohol puro, que se encuentra en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;12 onzas de cerveza normal (5% de contenido de alcohol)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;5 onzas de vino (12% de contenido de alcohol)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;1.5 onzas o un "trago" (shot, en inglés) de alcohol destilado o licor (40% de contenido de alcohol)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién no debería beber alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas no deberían beber en absoluto, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que en rehabilitación por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de alcohol &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que no pueden controlar la cantidad que beben&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html"&gt;Menores de 21 años&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mujeres &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;embarazadas&lt;/a&gt; o que están tratando de quedar embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que están tomando medicamentos que pueden interactuar con el alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con problemas médicos que pueden empeorar si beben alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que vayan a conducir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que vayan a operar maquinaria o realizarán actividades que requieran habilidad, coordinación y estado de alerta
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene preguntas sobre si es seguro beber, hable con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el consumo excesivo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;


&lt;p&gt;El consumo excesivo de alcohol incluye los atracones de alcohol y consumir alcohol en exceso:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El atracón de alcohol es beber tanto de una vez que su nivel de concentración de alcohol en la sangre (BAC) es del 0,08 % o más:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En el caso de los hombres, esto suele ocurrir después de tomar 5 o más tragos en pocas horas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En el caso de las mujeres, suele ser después de unos 4 tragos o más en pocas horas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumo excesivo de alcohol significa:
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Para hombres, tomar más de 5 tragos en cualquier día o más de 15 tragos por semana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Para mujeres, tomar más de 4 tragos en cualquier día o más de 8 tragos por semana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los atracones de alcohol aumentan el riesgo de lesiones, accidentes automovilísticos o sobredosis. También puede ponerle en riesgo de volverle violento o ser víctima de violencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Consumir alcohol en exceso  durante demasiado tiempo puede causar problemas de salud como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt; y enfermedad del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html"&gt;hígado graso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mayor riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mayor riesgo de lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Consumir alcohol en exceso también puede causar problemas en el hogar, en el trabajo y con los amigos. Pero el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html"&gt;tratamiento&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html" id="1558" language="English">Alcohol</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAAA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" id="1731">Alcohol y menores de edad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="1733">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas</see-reference>
<site title="Alcohol y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alcohol/hoja-informativa-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/alcohol/alcohol-fact-sheet">
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<site title="Antidepresivos y alcohol: ¿Cuál es el problema?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/faq-20058231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/FAQ-20058231?p=1">
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<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="Beber alcohol: ¿Afecta la presión arterial?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058254?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058254?p=1">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<site title="Beber peligrosamente puede enfriar la diversión del verano" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/beber-peligrosamente-puede-enfriar-la-diversion-del-verano" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/risky-drinking-can-put-chill-on-your-summer-fun">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Beber responsablemente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000527.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000527.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para reducir el alcohol cuando esté consumiendo demasiado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000503.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Consumo y nivel seguro del alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001944.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001944.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos factuales sobre el envejecimiento y el alcohol" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alcohol/datos-factuales-sobre-envejecimiento-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alcohol-misuse-or-alcohol-use-disorder/facts-about-aging-and-alcohol">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Datos y estadísticas sobre el alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/datos-y-estadisticas-sobre-el-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Decidirse a abandonar el alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definición de niveles y patrones de consumo de alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/definicion-de-niveles-y-patrones-de-consumo-de-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/moderate-binge-drinking">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos del consumo de alcohol en el cuerpo" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/los-efectos-del-consumo-de-alcohol-en-el-cuerpo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohols-effects-body">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entender los riesgos de sobredosis de alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/es/node/5421" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-dangers-of-alcohol-overdose">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-consumo-de-alcohol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alcohol-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Generalidades sobre el alcohol y el cerebro" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/generalidades-sobre-el-alcohol-y-el-cerebro" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/alcohol-and-brain-overview">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por alcohol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muertes relacionadas con el alcohol aumentan en todo el país" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-alcohol-aumentan-en-todo-el" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/alcohol-related-deaths-increase-nationwide">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y el alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/las-mujeres-y-el-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/women-and-alcohol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alcohol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alcohol-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-alcohol-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alcoholemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003632.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso y el alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000889.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones adversas al mezclar bebidas alcohólicas con medicamentos" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/reacciones-adversas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recuerdos interrumpidos: Lagunas mentales inducidas por el alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/recuerdos-interrumpidos-lagunas-mentales-inducidas-por-el-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/interrupted-memories-alcohol-induced-blackouts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recurrir al alcohol para aliviar el dolor: ¿Cuáles son los riesgos?" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/recurrir-al-alcohol-para-aliviar-el-dolor-cuales-son-los-riesgos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/using-alcohol-to-relieve-your-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resaca" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/resaca" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/hangovers">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos del consumo de alcohol para la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000494.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vino y la salud del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001963.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los efectos de beber alcohol mientras se reciben antibióticos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/antibiotics-and-alcohol/faq-20057946?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuánto alcohol es demasiado?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuanto-alcohol-es-demasiado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/10/how-many-too-many">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una bebida estándar?" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/que-es-una-bebida-estandar" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/what-standard-drink">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene un problema con la bebida?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000507.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An alcohol use disorder (AUD) is drinking that causes distress and harm. AUD can range from mild to severe (alcoholism). Learn the signs that you may have a problem with drinking." title="Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="120" language="English" date-created="11/10/1998">
<also-called>Alcohol Abuse</also-called>
<also-called>Alcohol dependence</also-called>
<also-called>Alcoholism</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is alcohol use disorder (AUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For most adults, moderate &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; use is probably not harmful. However, about 18 million adult Americans have an alcohol use disorder (AUD).  This means that their drinking causes distress and harm. AUD can range from mild to severe, depending on the symptoms. Severe AUD is sometimes called alcoholism or alcohol dependence.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;AUD is a disease that causes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Craving - a strong need to drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of control - not being able to stop drinking once you've started&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Negative emotional state - feeling anxious and irritable when you are not drinking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is binge drinking?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Binge drinking is drinking so much at once that your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level is 0.08% or more. For a man, this usually happens after having 5 or more drinks within a few hours. For a woman, it is after about 4 or more drinks within a few hours. Not everyone who binge drinks has an AUD, but they are at higher risk for getting one.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the dangers of too much alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Too much alcohol is dangerous. Heavy drinking can increase the risk of certain cancers. It may lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver diseases&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html"&gt;fatty liver disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;. It can also cause damage to the brain and other organs. Drinking during pregnancy can &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;harm your baby&lt;/a&gt;. Alcohol also increases the risk of death from car crashes, injuries, homicide, and suicide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know if I have an alcohol use disorder (AUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may have an AUD if you can answer yes to two or more of these questions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the past year, have you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ended up drinking more or for a longer time than you had planned to?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wanted to cut down or stop drinking, or tried to, but couldn't?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spent a lot of your time drinking or recovering from drinking?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Felt a strong need to drink?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Found that drinking - or being sick from drinking - often interfered with your family life, job, or school?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kept drinking even though it was causing trouble with your family or friends?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Given up or cut back on activities that you enjoyed just so you could drink?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gotten into dangerous situations while drinking or after drinking? Some examples are driving drunk and having unsafe sex.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kept drinking even though it was making you feel depressed or anxious? Or when it was adding to another health problem?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had to drink more and more to feel the effects of the alcohol?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had withdrawal symptoms when the alcohol was wearing off? They include trouble sleeping, shakiness, irritability, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, restlessness, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html"&gt;sweating&lt;/a&gt;. In severe cases, you could have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;seizures&lt;/a&gt;, or hallucinations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have any of these symptoms, your drinking may already be a cause for concern. The more symptoms you have, the more serious the problem is.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What should I do if I think that I might have an alcohol use disorder (AUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you think you might have an AUD, see your health care provider for an evaluation. Your provider can help make a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html"&gt;treatment plan&lt;/a&gt;, prescribe medicines, and if needed, give you treatment referrals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<see-reference>Alcohol Abuse</see-reference>
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<see-reference>Alcoholism</see-reference>
<see-reference>Binge Drinking</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drinking</see-reference>
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<health-topic meta-desc="An alcohol use disorder (AUD) is drinking that causes distress and harm. Learn about the medicines and behavioral therapies that treat AUD." title="Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html" id="6621" language="English" date-created="09/26/2017">
<also-called>Alcohol Abuse Treatment</also-called>
<also-called>Alcoholism Treatment</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is an alcohol use disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol use disorder &lt;/a&gt;(AUD) is drinking that causes distress and harm. It is a medical condition in which you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink alcohol compulsively&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can't control how much you drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel anxious, irritable, and/or stressed when you are not drinking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An AUD can range from mild to severe, depending on the symptoms. Severe AUD is sometimes called alcoholism or alcohol dependence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for alcohol use disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people with an alcohol use disorder can benefit from some form of treatment. Medical treatments include medicines and behavioral therapies. For many people, using both types gives them the best results. People who are getting treatment for AUD may also find it helpful to go to a support group such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). If you have an AUD and a mental illness, it is important to get treatment for both.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Some people may need intensive treatment for AUD. They may go to a residential treatment center for rehabilitation (rehab). Treatment there is highly structured. It usually includes several different kinds of behavioral therapies. It may also include medicines for detox (medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal) and/or for treating the AUD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which medicines can treat alcohol use disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Three medicines are approved to treat AUD:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disulfiram&lt;/strong&gt; causes unpleasant symptoms such as nausea and skin flushing whenever you drink alcohol. Knowing that drinking will cause these unpleasant effects may help you stay away from alcohol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Naltrexone&lt;/strong&gt; blocks the receptors in your brain that make you feel good when you drink alcohol. It can also reduce your craving for alcohol. This can help you cut back on your drinking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acamprosate&lt;/strong&gt; helps you avoid alcohol after you have quit drinking. It works on multiple brain systems to reduce your cravings, especially just after you have quit drinking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider can help you figure out if one of these medicines is right for you. They are not addictive, so you don't have to worry about trading one addiction for another. They are not a cure, but they can help you manage AUD. This is just like taking medicines to manage a chronic disease such as asthma or diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which behavioral therapies can treat alcohol use disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another name for behavioral therapies for AUD is alcohol counseling. It involves working with a health care professional to identify and help change the behaviors that lead to your heavy drinking.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cognitive-behavioral therapy&lt;/strong&gt; (CBT) helps you identify the feelings and situations that can lead to heavy drinking. It teaches you coping skills, including how to manage stress and how to change the thoughts that cause you to want to drink. You may get CBT one-on-one with a therapist or in small groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational enhancement therapy&lt;/strong&gt; helps you build and strengthen the motivation to change your drinking behavior. It includes about four sessions over a short period of time. The therapy starts with identifying the pros and cons of seeking treatment. Then you and your therapist work on forming a plan for making changes in your drinking. The next sessions focus on building up your confidence and developing the skills you need to be able to stick to the plan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marital and family counseling&lt;/strong&gt; includes spouses and other family members. It can help to repair and improve your family relationships. Studies show that strong family support through family therapy may help you to stay away from drinking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brief interventions&lt;/strong&gt; are short, one-on-one or small-group counseling sessions. It includes one to four sessions. The counselor gives you information about your drinking pattern and potential risks. The counselor works with you to set goals and provide ideas that may help you make a change.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Is treatment for alcohol use disorder effective?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For most people, treatment for an AUD is helpful. But overcoming an alcohol use disorder is an ongoing process, and you may relapse (start drinking again). You should look at relapse as a temporary setback, and keep trying. Many people repeatedly try to cut back or quit drinking, have a setback, then try to quit again. Having a relapse does not mean that you cannot recover. If you do relapse, it is important to return to treatment right away, so you can learn more about your relapse triggers and improve your coping skills. This may help you be more successful the next time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html" id="6622" language="Spanish">Tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019973">Alcohol-Related Disorders</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000628">therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019973">Alcohol-Related Disorders</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000188">drug therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html" id="1558">Alcohol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="120">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)</related-topic>
<site title="Acamprosate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604028.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a604028-es.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol and COVID-19" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-and-covid-19">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol Facts and Statistics" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/datos-y-estadisticas-sobre-el-alcohol">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Alcohol-Related Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Alcohol-Related+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding to quit drinking alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disulfiram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682602.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a682602-es.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Help" url="https://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/specialfeatures/gettinghelp.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to stop drinking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000857.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intervention: Help a Loved One Overcome Addiction" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/ART-20047451?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/art-20047451?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Naltrexone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a685041.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Naltrexone for Alcoholism" url="https://familydoctor.org/naltrexone-for-alcoholism/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/naltrexona-para-el-alcoholismo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Naltrexone Injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a609007.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a609007-es.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigator" url="https://alcoholtreatment.niaaa.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alcohol-Related+Disorders%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Alcohol-Related+Disorders%2Ftherapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Support Strategies for Quitting" url="https://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/thinking-about-change/support-strategies-quitting">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Alcohol Problems: Finding and Getting Help" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/treatment-alcohol-problems-finding-and-getting-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/treatment-alcohol-problems-finding-and-getting-help-spanish">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Alcohol Use Disorders and Their Treatment" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/substance-use-abuse-addiction/alcohol-disorders?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/substance-use-abuse-addiction/alcohol?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Naltrexone?" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/naltrexone">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Substance Abuse Treatment? A Booklet for Families" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4126.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma08-4098.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los niños a menudo comienzan a beber para ser más populares o encajar con sus compañeros. Los padres pueden ayudar a prevenir el consumo de alcohol. " title="Alcohol y menores de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" id="1731" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Adolescentes y el alcohol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El alcohol es la sustancia con el mayor uso indebido por los jóvenes en los Estados Unidos. Los jóvenes que beben alcohol están en un gran riesgo en cuanto a su salud y su seguridad. Es peligroso porque:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Provoca muchas muertes y lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede conducir a malas decisiones sobre comportamientos riesgosos, como beber y conducir o tener relaciones sexuales sin protección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumenta el riesgo de abuso físico y sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede conducir a otros problemas, como dificultades en la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede interferir con el desarrollo del cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumenta el riesgo de problemas con el alcohol más tarde en la vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los niños a menudo comienzan a beber para ser más populares o encajar con sus compañeros. Los padres pueden ayudar a sus hijos a evitar los problemas con el alcohol. Es importante la comunicación abierta y tener conversaciones sobre la bebida. Lo mismo el estar involucrado en la vida de su hijo. Busque ayuda para su hijo si sospecha que tiene un problema con la bebida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" id="1313" language="English">Underage Drinking</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAAA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html" id="1732">Alcohol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="1733">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescentes y el consumo de alcohol</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alcohol, Menores de edad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Jóvenes y las bebidas alcohólicas</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescentes: El alcohol y otras drogas" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Adolescentes-el-Alcohol-y-Otras-Drogas-003.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/alcohol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/alcohol.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/alcohol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/alcohol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conducir bajo el efecto de las drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/conducir-bajo-el-efecto-de-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente a la adicción" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/addictions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/addictions.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con su hijo adolescente respecto al consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga la diferencia: Hable con sus hijos sobre el uso del alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/haga-la-diferencia-hable-con-sus-hijos-sobre-el-uso-del-alcohol-make-difference-talk-your-child" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/make-a-difference-child-alcohol">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hijos de alcohólicos" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Hijos-de-Alcoholicos-017.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-Of-Alcoholics-017.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre el consumo de alcohol entre menores de edad" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/informacion-sobre-el-consumo-de-alcohol-entre-menores-de-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/underage-drinking">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Me preocupa que mi hijo empiece a beber alcohol. ¿Qué puedo hacer?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/underage-drinking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/underage-drinking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ocho consejos para hablar sobre las drogas y el alcohol con los adolescentes (y escucharlos)" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ocho-consejos-para-hablar-sobre-las-drogas-y-el-alcohol-con-los-adolescentes-y-escucharlos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/8-tips-for-talking-and-listening-to-your-teens-about-drugs-and-alcohol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Padres: Hablen con sus hijos sobre cómo celebrar su grado de secundaria de forma segura" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/padres-hablen-con-sus-hijos-sobre-como-celebrar-su-grado-de-secundaria-de-forma-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/talk-with-your-high-school-grads-about-celebrating-safely">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alcohol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alcohol-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-alcohol-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reducir el consumo de alcohol en los indígenas americanos menores de edad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reducir-el-consumo-de-alcohol-en-los-indigenas-americanos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos del consumo de alcohol en menores de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000528.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000528.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Semestre de otoño: El momento para que los padres hablen sobre los riesgos del alcohol en la universidad" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/semestre-de-otono-momento-para-que-los-padres-hablen-sobre-de-los-riesgos-del-consumo-de-alcohol-en" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/time-for-parents-discuss-risks-college-drinking">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La alergia es una reacción inmunitaria del cuerpo. El pólen o los alimentos pueden ocasionar una reacción alérgica. Síntomas y tratamientos de alergia. " title="Alergia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Hipersensibilidad</also-called>
<also-called>Reacción adversa</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una alergia es una reacción de su sistema inmunitario hacia algo que no molesta a la mayoría de las demás personas. Quienes tienen alergias suelen ser sensibles a más de una cosa. Las sustancias que suelen causar reacciones son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html"&gt;Polen&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ácaros del polvo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esporas de moho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Caspa de animales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html"&gt;Alimentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Picaduras de insectos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;Medicinas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, su sistema inmunitario combate los gérmenes. Es el sistema de defensa de su cuerpo. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las reacciones alérgicas responde a una falsa alarma. Los genes y el medio ambiente probablemente tienen un rol en las alergias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las alergias pueden provocar una serie de síntomas como goteos nasales, estornudos, picazón, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullidos&lt;/a&gt;, edema (hinchazón) o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt;. Las alergias van de leves a severas. Una reacción severa llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anafilaxia&lt;/a&gt; puede resultar fatal. Los médicos usan pruebas de piel y sangre para diagnosticar las alergias. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, inyecciones y evitar las sustancias que causan las alergias.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24" language="English">Allergy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html" id="1908">Alergia a los alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html" id="1999">Alergia al látex</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258">Anafilaxia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html" id="1760">Asma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973">Contaminación de interiores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html" id="5604">Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html" id="4747">Rinitis alérgica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html" id="2147">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html" id="1959">Urticaria</related-topic>
<site title="Aerosoles nasales con corticosteroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a las mascotas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pet-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pet-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352192?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a los ácaros del polvo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dust-mites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352173?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dust-mites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352173?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al níquel" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351529?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351529?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al sol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia física" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%C3%B3gicos/reacciones-al%C3%A9rgicas-y-otros-trastornos-de-hipersensibilidad/alergia-f%C3%ADsica" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/physical-allergy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia ocular" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/alergia-ocular">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia y el dolor de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-alergia-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/allergies-and-headaches/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000002.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alergias" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Paginas/Allergies.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000812.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias al moho" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/alergias-al-moho">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias al polen" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/alergias-al-polen" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/healthinfo/conditions/allergy/allergens/pollen?modal=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y mohos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y polen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y polvo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alivio para la alergia de su hijo" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/alivio-para-la-alergia-de-su-hijo" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/allergy-relief-your-child">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alérgenos de exterior: Consejos para tener en cuenta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/alergenos-de-exterior-consejos-para-tener-en-cuent" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/at-a-glance/outdoor-allergens.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antihistamínicos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antihistaminicos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antihistamines-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antihistamínicos para las alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000549.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000549.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprender sobre las alergias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/allergies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma, alergias y embarazo" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/asma,-alergias-y-embarazo-consejos-para-tener-en-c" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/asthma,-allergies-and-pregnancy-ttr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/aspergilosis-broncopulmonar-alergica-(abpa)" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buenos hábitos de limpieza para quienes padecen de alergia y asma" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/buenos-habitos-de-limpieza-para-quienes-padecen-de">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco formas de prepararse para una emergencia alérgica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/allergy-emergency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/allergy-emergency.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis alérgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001031.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca qué medicamentos son adecuados para sus alergias estacionales" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conozca-que-medicamentos-son-adecuados-para-sus-alergias-estacionales" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/know-which-medication-right-your-seasonal-allergies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre las alergias estacionales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000812_78.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000812_18.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la rinitis alérgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Descongestivos: Medicamentos de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estornudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003060.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de las alergias" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/evaluacion-de-las-alergias-consejos-para-tener-en" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/all-about-allergy-testing">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histamina: De lo que está hecha la alergia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/histamina-de-lo-que-esta-hecha-la-alergia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/histamine-the-stuff-allergies-are-made-of/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lavados nasales con solución salina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maravillas de la mucosidad y la flema" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos contra la alergia: Conoce tus opciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy-medications/art-20047403?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy-medications/ART-20047403?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para las alergias de los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/allergy-medicines.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de insectos: Consejos para tener en cuenta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/picaduras-de-insectos-consejos-para-tener-en-cuent" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/stinging-insect-allergy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prepara tu hogar a prueba de alergias" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy/art-20049365?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy/ART-20049365?p=1">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de alergias y asma en niños" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/prevencion-de-alergias-y-asma-en-ninos-consejos-pa" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alergias en la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cutáneas para alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003519.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de alergia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/allergy-tests.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones alérgicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000005.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones alérgicas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/reacciones-alergicas-consejos-para-tener-en-cuenta" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/allergic-reactions">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones alérgicas a medicamentos y fármacos" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/reacciones-alergicas-a-medicamentos-y-farmacos-con" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/medications-and-drug-allergic-reactions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfríos, alergias y sinusitis: Cómo diferenciarlas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003051.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentirse mejor, vivir mejor: Consulte a un alergista o inmunólogo" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/sentirse-mejor-vivir-mejor-consulte-a-un-alergista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/feel-better-live-better-see-an-allergist-immunolog">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de lavados nasales" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/tratamiento-de-lavados-nasales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/alternative/nasal-wash-treatment?modal=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas antialérgicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000405.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra la alergia" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/vacunas-contra-la-alergia-consejos-para-recordar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para la alergia: ¿Podrían ayudar con sus alergias?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-antialergicas-pueden-ayudarlo-con-sus-alergias/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/allergy-shots-could-they-help-your-allergies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis por hipersensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000874.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Alergias son la causa del asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es gripe, COVID-19, alergias o un resfriado?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es una alergia o un resfriado? Cómo saber la diferencia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/is-it-allergies-or-a-cold-how-to-tell-the-difference.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Las alergias causan el asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Las alergias provocan asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un alergista/inmunólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-allergist-immunologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Allergist-Immunologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácaros del polvo en el hogar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/acaros-del-polvo-en-el-hogar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/asthma/prevention/dust-mites-in-the-home.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La alergia a los alimentos es una respuesta anormal de las defensas del cuerpo a ciertas comidas. La reacción puede ser leve a severa. Síntomas de alergia." title="Alergia a los alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html" id="1908" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Alergia a las comidas</also-called>
<also-called>Alergia alimentaria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una alergia alimentaria?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;alergia&lt;/a&gt; alimentaria es una reacción anormal del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; a ciertos alimentos. Su sistema inmunitario normalmente lo protege de los gérmenes. Pero si usted tiene una alergia alimentaria, su sistema inmunitario reacciona por error a ciertos alimentos como si fueran dañinos. Esta reacción suele ser leve. Pero en algunos casos puede ser grave o incluso poner en riesgo la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una intolerancia alimentaria es diferente a una alergia alimentaria. Si tiene una intolerancia alimentaria, también tiene síntomas al comer ese alimento, pero estos suelen ser sólo síntomas digestivos, como hinchazón y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html"&gt;gases&lt;/a&gt;. Además, una intolerancia no es una reacción del sistema inmunitario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las alergias alimentarias son causadas por:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leche de vaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Huevos de gallina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mariscos crustáceos, como camarones, cangrejos, langostas y cangrejos de río&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pescado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cacahuates (maní)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sésamo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Soja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frutos secos, como almendras, nueces y pecanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trigo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con alergia alimentaria pueden ser alérgicas a más de un tipo de alimento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una alergia alimentaria?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tanto niños como adultos pueden tener alergias alimentarias. Algunos niños superan sus alergias alimentarias con la edad. Y, en ocasiones, las personas pueden desarrollar alergias alimentarias en la edad adulta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tener una alergia alimentaria, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html"&gt;eccema&lt;/a&gt;: Enfermedad que causa inflamación, enrojecimiento e irritación de la piel. Su sistema inmunitario también juega un papel en el eczema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener asma u otras alergias, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html"&gt;rinitis alérgica&lt;/a&gt; (fiebre del heno)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los genes: Ciertos genes pueden influir en el desarrollo de alergias alimentarias. Y es más probable que tenga alergias alimentarias si alguien en su familia tiene alergias, asma o eccema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las alergias alimentarias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si es alérgico a un alimento que ha comido, puede tener varios síntomas. Estos no siempre son los mismos para todas las personas. Y es posible que los síntomas que usted tenga cada vez que ingiera el alimento no siempre sean los mismos. Por ejemplo, sus síntomas a veces pueden depender de la cantidad de comida que consumió.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los síntomas de alergia alimentaria comienzan entre unos minutos y dos horas después de ingerir ese alimento. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html"&gt;Urticaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel enrojecida o sarpullido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de hormigueo o picazón en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón de la cara, la lengua o los labios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómitos&lt;/a&gt; y/o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres abdominales&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; o sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt; y/o aturdimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón de la garganta y las cuerdas vocales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En casos raros, una alergia alimentaria puede causar una reacción potencialmente mortal llamada anafilaxia. Puede comenzar con algunos síntomas más leves, pero luego se vuelve más grave. Puede ocasionar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estrechamiento de las vías respiratorias en los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas serios para respirar debido a la hinchazón de la garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disminución grave de la presión arterial y shock ("shock anafiláctico")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desmayo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Esta es una emergencia médica. Llame al 911 si alguien tiene síntomas de anafilaxia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las alergias alimentarias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene una alergia alimentaria, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar acerca de sus síntomas, historia médica familiar e historia clínica, incluyendo sobre otras alergias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Probablemente le hagan un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/"&gt;pruebas de alergia alimentaria&lt;/a&gt;: Esto puede implicar pruebas de piel, análisis de sangre, una dieta de eliminación de alimentos y/o una prueba de provocación alimentaria oral. Una prueba de provocación oral con alimentos es la prueba de alergia alimentaria más precisa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las alergias alimentarias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para las alergias alimentarias. La única forma de prevenir una reacción es evitar comer el alimento al que es alérgico.
Existen medicamentos para personas con alergias alimentarias, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para reducir los síntomas de alergia alimentaria, como antihistamínicos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para reducir las reacciones alérgicas, incluidas las reacciones graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Epinefrina, un medicamento para tratar la anafilaxia. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle un autoinyector de epinefrina, un dispositivo que se usa para inyectar epinefrina cuando alguien tiene síntomas de anafilaxia. Si le recetaron uno, es importante que aprenda a usarlo y a llevarlo consigo en todo momento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene alergia alimentaria, es una buena idea tener una pulsera de alerta médica que indique cuál es su alergia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html" id="1256" language="English">Food Allergy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258">Anafilaxia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802">Enfermedad celíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html" id="1997">Intolerancia a la lactosa</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alergia a las comidas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alergia alimentaria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alimentos, Alergia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Comidas, Alergia</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia a la leche" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a la leche en bebés" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/milk-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/milk-allergy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a los alimentos frente a intolerancia alimentaria: ¿Cuál es la diferencia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/faq-20058538?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/FAQ-20058538?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a los frutos secos de cáscara" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tree-nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tree-nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a los frutos secos de cáscara (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tree-nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tree-nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a los frutos secos de cáscara (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tree-nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tree-nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a los frutos secos y a los cacahuetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al huevo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/egg-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/egg-allergy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al huevo y la vacuna contra la gripe" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/la-alergia-al-huevo-y-la-vacuna-contra-la-gripe">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al marisco" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shellfish-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shellfish-allergy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al pescado" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fish-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fish-allergy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al trigo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wheat-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378897?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wheat-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378897?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia alimentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000817.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia alimentaria: Consejos para tener en cuenta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/alergia-alimentaria-consejos-para-tener-en-cuenta" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/food-allergy-ttr">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias (y el azúcar) y la hiperactividad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Allergies-and-Hyperactivity.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/adhd/pages/allergies-and-hyperactivity.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias a los alimentos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/alergias-a-los-alimentos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/food-allergies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias alimentarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/food-allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/food-allergies.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias alimentarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/food-allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/food-allergies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias de los bebés y sensibilidades a los alimentos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/infant-allergies-and-food-sensitivities.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Infant-Allergies-and-Food-Sensitivities.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma y alergias a los alimentos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/asthma-and-food-allergies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Asthma-and-Food-Allergies.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco formas de prepararse para una emergencia alérgica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/allergy-emergency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/allergy-emergency.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar las alergias alimentarias durante las vacaciones" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/como-tratar-las-alergias-alimentarias-durante-las" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/dream-vacation-with-food-allergies.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta sin lácteos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dairy-free-diet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dairy-free-diet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender las alergias alimentarias" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entender-las-alergias-alimentarias" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/03/understanding-food-allergies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre las alergias alimentarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000817_68.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000817_8.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histamina: De lo que está hecha la alergia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/histamina-de-lo-que-esta-hecha-la-alergia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/histamine-the-stuff-allergies-are-made-of/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protección duradera contra la alergia al maní" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/proteccion-duradera-contra-la-alergia-al-mani" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/08/lasting-protection-peanut-allergy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cutáneas para alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003519.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de alergias alimentarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de enterocolitis inducida por las proteínas de los alimentos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fpies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fpies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de alergia al maní pierde efecto después de interrumpirse" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-terapia-de-alergia-al-mani-pierde-efecto-despues-de">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la alergia al maní es beneficioso para niños en edad preescolar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tratamiento-para-la-alergia-al-mani-es-beneficioso-para">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es alérgico a la leche? Algunos chocolates oscuros etiquetados como libre de lácteos aun contienen leche" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/es-alergico-la-leche-algunos-chocolates-oscuros-etiquetados-como-libre-de-lacteos-aun-contienen" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/allergic-milk-some-dark-chocolate-labeled-dairy-free-may-still-contain-milk">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene alergias a los alimentos? Lea la etiqueta" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tiene-alergias-los-alimentos-lea-la-etiqueta" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/have-food-allergies-read-label">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La alergia al látex causa sarpullido, asma e incluso anafilaxia. Cientos de productos contienen látex. Síntomas de alergia al látex." title="Alergia al látex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html" id="1999" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El látex es un líquido lechoso que proviene del árbol tropical del caucho. Cientos de productos de uso cotidiano contienen látex. La exposición repetida a una proteína del látex natural puede aumentar sus probabilidades de desarrollar una alergia a este producto. Si su sistema inmunitario detecta esta proteína, puede causar una reacción en cuestión de minutos. Podría aparecer sarpullido, asma y, en raros casos, shock anafiláctico por exposición al látex. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su doctor puede diagnosticar la alergia al látex por medio de un examen físico y exámenes de piel y de sangre. Existen medicamentos para tratar la reacción pero lo mejor es evitar estar expuesto al látex. Estos son los lugares más comunes donde se lo encuentra:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Guantes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Preservativos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Globos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Bandas elásticas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Suelas de zapatos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chupones (chupetes) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se pueden encontrar versiones sin látex de estos productos. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html" id="1439" language="English">Latex Allergy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258">Anafilaxia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Látex, Alergia</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia al látex" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/alergia-al-latex-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/latex-allergy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias al látex para pacientes en hospitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000499.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir reacciones alérgicas al látex de caucho en el trabajo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/97-135_sp/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de las alergias al látex en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000500.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An allergy is a reaction by your immune system. Substances that cause reactions include pollen and food. Find the full list of allergies and symptoms." title="Allergy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Hypersensitivity</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to something that does not bother most other people. People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one thing. Substances that often cause reactions are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html"&gt;Pollen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dust mites&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mold spores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pet dander&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"&gt;Food&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insect stings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;Medicines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normally, your immune system fights germs. It is your body's defense system. In most allergic reactions, however, it is responding to a false alarm. Genes and the environment probably both play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Allergies can cause a variety of symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, itching, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt;, swelling, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;. Allergies can range from minor to severe.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;Anaphylaxis&lt;/a&gt; is a severe reaction that can be life-threatening.   Doctors use skin and blood tests to diagnose allergies. Treatments include medicines, allergy shots, and avoiding the substances that cause the reactions.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734" language="Spanish">Alergia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006967">Hypersensitivity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/allergy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html" id="6257">Anaphylaxis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2">Asthma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html" id="5603">Drug Reactions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html" id="1256">Food Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html" id="4746">Hay Fever</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html" id="289">Hives</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537">Indoor Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html" id="1439">Latex Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html" id="404">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Allergic Rhinitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypersensitivity</see-reference>
<site title="6 Things To Know About Complementary Health Approaches for Seasonal Allergy Relief" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-complementary-health-approaches-for-seasonal-allergy-relief">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="All about Allergies (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/allergy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="All About Allergy Testing" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/all-about-allergy-testing" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/evaluacion-de-las-alergias-consejos-para-tener-en">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergens and Irritants" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergic asthma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/allergic-asthma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/aspergilosis-broncopulmonar-alergica-(abpa)">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic conjunctivitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001031.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic reactions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000005.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic Reactions" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/allergic-reactions" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/reacciones-alergicas-consejos-para-tener-en-cuenta">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic rhinitis - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000247.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000248.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic Skin Conditions" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/allergic-skin-conditions">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000002.htm">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergies" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/allergies.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000812.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies and Asthma: They Often Occur Together" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/in-depth/allergies-and-asthma/ART-20047458?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and dust" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and molds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and pollen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Medications: Know Your Options" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy-medications/ART-20047403?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy-medications/art-20047403?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Relief for Your Child" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/allergy-relief-your-child" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/alivio-para-la-alergia-de-su-hijo">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy shots" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000405.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Shots: Could They Help Your Allergies?" url="https://familydoctor.org/allergy-shots-could-they-help-your-allergies/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-antialergicas-pueden-ayudarlo-con-sus-alergias/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Skin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergy testing - skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy-Proof Your House" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy/ART-20049365?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/allergies/in-depth/allergy/art-20049365?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology" url="https://www.aaaai.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
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<site title="Angioedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000846.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rhinitis,+Allergic,+Perennial%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cockroach Allergy" url="https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/insect-allergy/cockroach-allergy/">
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<organization>Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds, Allergies and Sinusitis - How to Tell the Difference" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Decongestants: OTC Relief for Congestion" url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Do Allergies Cause Asthma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do Allergies Cause Asthma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dust Mite Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dust-mites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352173?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dust-mites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352173?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Erythema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm">
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<site title="FastStats: Allergies and Hay Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/allergies.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Feel Better. Live Better. See an Allergist / Immunologist" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/feel-better-live-better-see-an-allergist-immunolog" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/sentirse-mejor-vivir-mejor-consulte-a-un-alergista">
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<site title="Find an Allergist/Immunologist" url="https://allergist.aaaai.org/find/">
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<site title="Histamine: The Stuff Allergies are Made of" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/histamine-the-stuff-allergies-are-made-of/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/histamina-de-lo-que-esta-hecha-la-alergia/">
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<site title="Hypersensitivity vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000874.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Flu, COVID-19, Allergies, or a Cold?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Learning about Allergies" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/allergies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm: The Slime That Keeps You Healthy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mold Allergy" url="https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/mold-allergy/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal corticosteroid sprays" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Wash Treatment" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/alternative/nasal-wash-treatment?modal=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/tratamiento-de-lavados-nasales">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nickel Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351529?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351529?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Hypersensitivity Reactions" url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=125:oral-hypersensitivity-reactions&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
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<site title="Overview of the Immune System" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-system-overview">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pet Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pet-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pet-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352192?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pet Allergy Quiz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/pet-allergy/pet-allergy-quiz">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Allergy" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/physical-allergy" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%C3%B3gicos/reacciones-al%C3%A9rgicas-y-otros-trastornos-de-hipersensibilidad/alergia-f%C3%ADsica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevalence of Allergies the Same, Regardless of Where You Live" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/prevalence-allergies-same-regardless-where-you-live">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in Children" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/prevencion-de-alergias-y-asma-en-ninos-consejos-pa">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
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<site title="Allergy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypersensitivity%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Saline nasal washes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm">
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<site title="Seasonal Allergies at a Glance: What the Science Says" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/seasonal-allergies-at-a-glance">
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<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Seasonal Allergy Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000812_18.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000812_78.htm">
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<site title="Sneezing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003060.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Stinging Insect Allergy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/stinging-insect-allergy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/picaduras-de-insectos-consejos-para-tener-en-cuent">
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<site title="Stuffy or runny nose - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency is an inherited condition that raises your risk for lung and liver disease. Learn about the symptoms and treatment." title="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html" id="1692" language="English" date-created="06/14/2002">
<also-called>AATD</also-called>
<also-called>Alpha-1</also-called>
<also-called>Inherited emphysema</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency, or AATD) is an inherited condition that raises your risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt; disease. If you have this condition, your body doesn't make enough alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AAT is made by your liver. It helps protect your lungs from inflammation and irritating substances you might breathe in, such as smoke. If your liver doesn't make enough AAT, your lungs may be more easily damaged from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;pollution&lt;/a&gt;, or dust from the environment. This can lead to a serious lung condition called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt;). AAT deficiency may also cause a liver disease called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;. This is more common in children who have AAT deficiency.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;AAT deficiency is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorder&lt;/a&gt;. That means it's caused by changes in your genes, which may also be called gene variants or mutations.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Your genes carry information that controls what you look like and how your body works. AAT deficiency is caused by changes in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/serpina1/"&gt;&lt;em&gt;SERPINA1&lt;/em&gt; gene&lt;/a&gt;, which carries instructions for making the AAT protein. These gene changes are inherited from your parents, so AAT deficiency tends to run in families:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you have two mutated copies of the gene,&lt;/strong&gt; it means you have a condition called AAT deficiency. People with this disorder have a higher risk of getting lung disease or liver damage before the age of 45.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you have one mutated copy of the gene,&lt;/strong&gt; you are a carrier of AAT deficiency. In these cases, this means you are at slightly higher risk of developing lung disease, especially if you have other risk factors, such as being a smoker. You could still pass the mutated gene on to your children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are a few gene changes that cause AAT deficiency. These gene changes can:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decrease the amount of AAT protein your liver makes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevent your liver from making any AAT.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Affect the shape of the AAT protein so that it can't move out of your liver to protect your lungs. Over time, AAT builds up in your liver and causes damage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people who have AAT deficiency do not have any symptoms. For those who do, symptoms usually appear in people between 20 and 50 years old. These symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;, especially after exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt; with phlegm (mucus)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repeated respiratory infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Faster-than-normal heartbeat when you stand up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Losing weight without trying&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people who have AAT deficiency may have liver damage. Signs of liver damage include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;jaundice&lt;/a&gt; (a condition that causes your skin and eyes to turn yellow) and swelling in your legs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rarely, AAT deficiency can cause skin problems, such as painful lumps or patches.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-1-antitrypsin-test/"&gt;test you for AAT deficiency&lt;/a&gt; if you have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Symptoms of AAT deficiency&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A condition that could be related to AAT deficiency&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Relatives who have AAT deficiency&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Relatives who have a lung or liver disease that could be related to AAT deficiency&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AAT deficiency in babies often affects the liver. Your baby may need AAT testing if he or she has signs of liver disease such as jaundice or abnormal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/"&gt;liver enzyme tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blood test can check the level of AAT protein in your blood. If the level is lower than normal, it is likely that you have AAT deficiency.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A genetic test is the most certain way to check for AAT deficiency and should be done to confirm the results of the blood test. There are two types of genetic tests:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A genotype test looks for the more common types of gene changes that can cause AAT deficiency.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A phenotype test checks for changes in the AAT protein that change how it would normally work.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your lungs are affected, you may also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/"&gt;lung function tests&lt;/a&gt; to see how well your lungs are working.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for AAT deficiency, but there are treatments to help with the symptoms and slow the lung damage it causes. Treatment options may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inhaled medicines to help you breathe better.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Augmentation therapy, which is a lifelong treatment. It raises the levels of the AAT protein in your lungs, using ATT protein taken from the blood of donors. It helps slow down lung damage. It cannot prevent liver damage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lung surgery or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;lung transplant&lt;/a&gt;, if your lungs are severely damaged.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html"&gt;Liver transplant&lt;/a&gt;, if your liver is severely damaged.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To help prevent or delay lung damage, it is important to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit smoking&lt;/a&gt; (if you smoke) and avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;, dust, and air pollution. Ask your provider If you need to stop drinking alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html" id="2273" language="Spanish">Deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019896">alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html" id="27">COPD</related-topic>
<site title="Alpha-1 antitrypsin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003715.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000120.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/deficiencia-de-alfa-1-antitripsina">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-1-antitrypsin-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alfa-1-antitripsina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22alpha+1-Antitrypsin+Deficiency%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency/learn-about-alpha-1-antitrypsin-defiency">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD)" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Deficiency">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22alpha+1-Antitrypsin+Deficiency%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Caring for someone who has Alzheimer's Disease can be stressful and overwhelming. It's important to take care of yourself. Learn how to find support." title="Alzheimer's Caregivers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="1564" language="English" date-created="10/25/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html"&gt;caregiver&lt;/a&gt; gives care to someone who needs help taking care of themselves. It can be rewarding. It may help to strengthen connections to a loved one. You may feel fulfillment from helping someone else. But sometimes caregiving can be stressful and even overwhelming. This can be especially true when caring for someone with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt; (AD).&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;AD is an illness that changes the brain. It causes people to lose the ability to remember, think, and use good judgment. They also have trouble taking care of themselves. Over time, as the disease gets worse, they will need more and more help. As a caregiver, it is important for you to learn about AD. You will want to know what happens to the person during the different stages of the disease. This can help you plan for the future, so that you will have all of the resources you will need to be able to take care of your loved one.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As a caregiver for someone with AD, your responsibilities can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting your loved one's health, legal, and financial affairs in order. If possible, include them in the planning while they can still make decisions. Later you will need to take over managing their finances and paying their bills.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Evaluating their house and making sure it's safe for their needs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Monitoring their ability to drive. You may want to hire a driving specialist who can test their driving skills. When it is no longer safe for your loved one to drive, you need to make sure that they stop.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Encouraging your loved one to get some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html"&gt;physical activity&lt;/a&gt;. Exercising together may make it more fun for them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making sure that your loved one has a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;healthy diet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helping with daily tasks like bathing, eating, or taking medicine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing housework and cooking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Running errands such as shopping for food and clothes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Driving them to appointments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Providing company and emotional support&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arranging medical care and making health decisions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As you care for your loved one with AD, don't ignore your own needs. Caregiving can be stressful, and you need to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html"&gt;take care of your own physical and mental health&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;At some point, you will not be able to do everything on your own. Make sure that you get help when you need it. There are many different services available, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html"&gt;Home care services&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adult day care services&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respite services, which provide short-term care for the person with AD&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Federal and state government programs that can provide financial support and services&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedliving.html"&gt;Assisted living facilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html"&gt;Nursing homes&lt;/a&gt;, some of which have special memory care units for people with AD&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html"&gt;Palliative&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html"&gt;hospice&lt;/a&gt; care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You might consider hiring a geriatric care manager. They are specially trained professionals who can help you to find the right services for your needs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="2246" language="Spanish">Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017028">Caregivers</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000544">Alzheimer Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22">Alzheimer's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html" id="7547">Caregiver Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html" id="610">Caregivers</related-topic>
<see-reference>Caregivers for Alzheimer's Disease</see-reference>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuse" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/safety/abuse">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Association" url="https://www.alz.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregiving" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregiving: Bathing, Dressing, and Grooming" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/alzheimers-caregiving-bathing-dressing-and-grooming" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/proporcionar-cuidado-diario-persona-alzheimer">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregiving: Coping With Hallucinations, Delusions, and Paranoia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/alzheimers-caregiving-coping-hallucinations" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-personalidad-conducta-relacionados-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregiving: Managing Personality and Behavior Changes" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/alzheimers-caregiving-managing-personality-and">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's: Glossary" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/care-options/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimers.gov" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brushing: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/oral-health-aging-brushing.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/brushing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Care in the Last Stages of Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/care-last-stages-alzheimers-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/como-enfrentar-ultimas-etapas-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caregivers of a Person with Alzheimer's Disease or a Related Dementia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/caregiving/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/aging/spanish/features/caregiving-alzheimer.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for a Person with Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/caring-for-a-Person-with-alzheimers-disease.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/AlzheimersCaringGuide-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Changes in Intimacy and Sexuality in Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/changes-intimacy-and-sexuality-alzheimers-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-intimidad-sexualidad-relacionados-enfermedad">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/communicating-someone-who-has-alzheimers" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-habilidades-comunicacion-relacionados">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Agitation, Aggression, and Sundowning in Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/coping-agitation-aggression-and-sundowning">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - home care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Caregiving" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/depression-and-caregiving/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-y-la-depresion-depression-and-caregiving/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry Mouth and Older Adults: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/dry-mouth-and-older-adults.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/dry-mouth-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Families and Serious Illness" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Advanced_Care/docs/Caregivers2018.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finding Low-Cost Dental Care: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/finding-low-cost-dental-care-EN.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/low-cost-care-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flossing: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/flossing-info-for-caregivers_1.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/flossing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Grief and Loss as Alzheimer's Progresses" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/caregiver-health/grief-loss-as-alzheimers-progresses">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hallucinations, Delusions and Paranoia" url="https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/alzheimers-dementia-hallucinations-delusions-paranoia-ts.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Family and Friends Understand Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-relationships/helping-family-and-friends-understand-alzheimers-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/ayudar-familiares-otros-entender-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LGBT Caregiver Concerns" url="https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/brochure_lgbt_caregiver.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Long-Distance Caregiving" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/long-distance-caregiving">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Medicines for a Person with Alzheimer's" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/common-medical-problems-alzheimers-disease-information-caregivers#medicines">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Providing Care and Comfort at the End of Life" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/providing-care-and-comfort-end-life" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/proporcionar-cuidados-confort-al-final-vida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregivers" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Caregivers%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Resources for Caregivers of People with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/resources-caregivers" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/recursos-cuidadores">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking a Person With Alzheimer's Disease to the Hospital" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/taking-person-alzheimers-disease-hospital">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Caregivers and Families of People with Dementia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/tips-caregivers" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/consejos-cuidadores">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Caregivers: Helping People With Alzheimer's Disease Eat Well" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/tips-caregivers-helping-people-alzheimers-disease-eat-well">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/bladder-health-and-incontinence/urinary-incontinence-older-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Long-Distance Caregiving?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/long-distance-caregiving/what-long-distance-caregiving">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. It's the most common cause of dementia among older adults." title="Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>AD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt; among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AD begins slowly. It first involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language. People with AD may have trouble remembering things that happened recently or names of people they know. A related problem, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html"&gt;mild cognitive impairment&lt;/a&gt; (MCI), causes more memory problems than normal for people of the same age.  Many, but not all, people with MCI will develop AD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In AD, over time, symptoms get worse. People may not recognize family members. They may have trouble speaking, reading or writing. They may forget how to brush their teeth or comb their hair. Later on, they may become anxious or aggressive, or wander away from home. Eventually, they need total care. This can cause great stress for family members who must &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html"&gt;care&lt;/a&gt; for them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AD usually begins after age 60.  The risk goes up as you get older. Your risk is also higher if a family member has had the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; No treatment can stop the disease. However, some drugs may help keep symptoms from getting worse for a limited time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html" id="1736" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D023582">Alzheimer Vaccines</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000544">Alzheimer Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/alzheimersdisease.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="1564">Alzheimer's Caregivers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html" id="610">Caregivers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" id="205">Dementia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html" id="1452">Memory</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5741">Mild Cognitive Impairment</related-topic>
<site title="10 Early Signs and Symptoms of Alzheimer's" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/10_signs" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/las-10-senales">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="7 Things To Know About Dietary Supplements for Cognitive Function, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-dietary-supplements-for-cognitive-function-dementia-and-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="8 Frequently Asked Questions about Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia/8-frequently-asked-questions-about-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000760.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000003.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's and Dementia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's and Dementia Testing for Earlier Diagnosis" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/research_progress/earlier-diagnosis">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Association" url="https://www.alz.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregivers: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregiving: Bathing, Dressing, and Grooming" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/alzheimers-caregiving-bathing-dressing-and-grooming" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/proporcionar-cuidado-diario-persona-alzheimer">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregiving: Coping With Hallucinations, Delusions, and Paranoia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/alzheimers-caregiving-coping-hallucinations" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-personalidad-conducta-relacionados-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Caregiving: Managing Personality and Behavior Changes" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/alzheimers-caregiving-managing-personality-and">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease at a Glance" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-disease-at-a-glance">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Fact Sheet" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/alzheimers-disease-genetics-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alzheimer-causas-factores-riesgo/genetica-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease in People with Down Syndrome" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/alzheimers-disease-people-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers: National Research Centers, Local Resources" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/national-research-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/centros-nacionales-investigacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Myths" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-alzheimers/myths">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Prevention: Does it Exist?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/alzheimers-prevention/faq-20058140?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/alzheimers-prevention/faq-20058140?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Treatment" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's: Glossary" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/care-options/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimers.gov" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beyond Basic Blood Tests: A Window Into Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: The Life and Death of a Neuron" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-life-and-death-neuron">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Donation: A Gift for Future Generations" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-donation/brain-donation-gift-future-generations" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/donacion-cerebro/donacion-cerebro-regalo-generaciones-futuras">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Health" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/brain_health">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain PET scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changes in Intimacy and Sexuality in Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/changes-intimacy-and-sexuality-alzheimers-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-intimidad-sexualidad-relacionados-enfermedad">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Alzheimer Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Alzheimer+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/communicating-someone-who-has-alzheimers" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-habilidades-comunicacion-relacionados">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Agitation, Aggression, and Sundowning in Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/coping-agitation-aggression-and-sundowning">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - home care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-and-alzheimers-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-y-enfermedad-de-alzheimer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet, Exercise, and Health" url="https://www.alzinfo.org/articles/diet-exercise-health/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/alzheimers.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Clinical Trials" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/clinical-trials">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gene Expression Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/gene-expression-signatures-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Family and Friends Understand Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-relationships/helping-family-and-friends-understand-alzheimers-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/ayudar-familiares-otros-entender-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Rates of Dementia, Alzheimer's Observed Among Older People with Down Syndrome" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-rates-dementia-alzheimers-observed-among-older-people-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Alzheimer's Changes the Brain" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GXv3mHs9AU&amp;feature=youtu.be">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How is Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-alzheimers-disease-diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Alzheimer's Disease Treated?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-treatment/how-alzheimers-disease-treated" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidado-medico-enfermedad-alzheimer/como-se-trata-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="If My Parent Has Alzheimer's Disease, Will I Have It, Too?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/if-my-parent-has-alzheimers-disease-will-i-have-it-too">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Medicines for a Person with Alzheimer's" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/common-medical-problems-alzheimers-disease-information-caregivers#medicines">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental status testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Next Steps after an Alzheimer's Diagnosis" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-treatment/next-steps-after-alzheimers-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidado-medico-enfermedad-alzheimer/pasos-seguir-despues-ser-diagnosticado-enfermedad">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Participating in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Research" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/clinical-trials-and-studies/participating-alzheimers-disease-and-related-dementias-research">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="People at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease to Test Prevention Drugs" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/people-genetic-risk-alzheimers-disease-test-prevention-drugs">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Posterior Cortical Atrophy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/posterior-cortical-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376560?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/posterior-cortical-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376560?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Alzheimer+Vaccines%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/research-activities" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/investigaciones">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resources for People with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/resources-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/recursos-demencia">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scam Susceptibility May Signal Risk for Cognitive Decline" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/scam-susceptibility-may-signal-risk-cognitive-decline">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages and Behaviors" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/stages-behaviors" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado/comportamientos">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Alzheimer's" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/stages" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/etapas?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sundowning: Late-Day Confusion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/FAQ-20058511?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/faq-20058511?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thinking About Your Risk for Alzheimer's Disease? Five Questions To Consider" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/thinking-about-your-risk-alzheimers-disease-five" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/evaluacion-riesgo-desarrollar-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Caregivers: Helping People With Alzheimer's Disease Eat Well" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/tips-caregivers-helping-people-alzheimers-disease-eat-well">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Daily Life" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/i-have-alz/live-well/tips-for-daily-life">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatments and Research" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/i-have-alz/treatments-research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Sleep Changes" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/treatments/for-sleep-changes">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Memory Loss: What To Do When You Have Trouble Remembering" url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/understanding-memory-loss.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/bladder-health-and-incontinence/urinary-incontinence-older-adults">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Signs of Alzheimer's Disease?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-symptoms-and-diagnosis/what-are-signs-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Alzheimer's Disease?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/what-causes-alzheimers-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/causa-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Do We Know about Diet and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia/what-do-we-know-about-diet-and-prevention-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Alzheimer's Disease?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/alzheimers-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Alzheimer's Disease?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia/what-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ambliopía es una de las causas más comunes de problemas de los ojos en niños. Ocurre cuando un ojo no se comunica bien con el cerebro. Tratamiento. " title="Ambliopía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amblyopia.html" id="6190" language="Spanish" date-created="05/01/2014">
<also-called>Ojo perezoso</also-called>
<also-called>Ojo vago</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ambliopía u "ojo perezoso" es uno de los problemas más comunes de la visión en niños. Esto sucede porque uno de los ojos no se comunica bien con el cerebro. El ojo puede parecer normal pero el cerebro "prefiere" el otro ojo. En algunos casos, los dos ojos pueden estar afectados.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html"&gt;Estrabismo&lt;/a&gt; u ojo bizco: Afección en la cual los ojos no miran en la misma dirección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;Errores de refracción&lt;/a&gt; en un ojo: Cuando uno de los ojos no puede focalizar tan bien como el otro por un problema de su forma. Esto incluye miopía, hipermetropía (hiperopía) y astigmatismo.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;Catarata&lt;/a&gt;: Opaca o nubla el lente del ojo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la ambliopía es forzar a usar el ojo perezoso. Hay dos maneras de hacer esto. Uno es que el niño use el parche en el ojo "bueno" por varias horas todos los días por unas semanas o meses. La otra es con gotas que nublan la visión temporariamente. En este caso, se coloca una gota de una medicina que se llama atropina en el ojo "bueno" del niño. A veces, también es necesario tratar la causa subyacente. Esto puede incluir anteojos o cirugía.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amblyopia.html" id="6189" language="English">Amblyopia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ojo perezoso</see-reference>
<site title="Ambliopía" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ambliopia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/children/parents/special/birth/460.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ambliopía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001014.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ambliopía (ojo perezoso u ojo vago)" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/ambliopia-ojo-perezoso-u-ojo-vago">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ambliopía (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/amblyopia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/amblyopia.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ambliopía ¿Qué es el ojo perezoso?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ambliopia" language-mapped-url="http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/amblyopia.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ambliopía/ojo perezoso" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Paginas/Amblyopia-Lazy-Eye.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la vista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatías ópticas nutricionales y tóxicas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%c3%a1lmicos/trastornos-del-nervio-%c3%b3ptico/neuropat%c3%adas-%c3%b3pticas-nutricionales-y-t%c3%b3xicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/optic-nerve-disorders/nutritional-and-toxic-optic-neuropathies">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about amblyopia, or &quot;lazy eye,&quot; the most common cause of visual problems in children. It happens when an eye fails to work properly with the brain. " title="Amblyopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/amblyopia.html" id="6189" language="English" date-created="04/29/2014">
<also-called>Lazy eye</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; Amblyopia, or "lazy eye," is the most common cause of visual impairment in children.  It happens when an eye fails to work properly with the brain.  The eye may look normal, but the brain favors the other eye.   In some cases, it can affect both eyes.  Causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html"&gt;Strabismus&lt;/a&gt; - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;Refractive error&lt;/a&gt; in an eye - when one eye cannot focus as well as the other, because of a problem with its shape.  This includes nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;Cataract&lt;/a&gt; - a clouding in the lens of the eye&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can be hard to diagnose amblyopia.  It is often found during a routine vision exam.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for amblyopia forces the child to use the eye with weaker vision.  There are two common ways to do this.  One is to have the child wear a patch over the good eye for several hours each day, over a number of weeks to months.  The other is with eye drops that temporarily blur vision.  Each day, the child gets a drop of a drug called atropine in the stronger eye.  It is also sometimes necessary to treat the underlying cause.  This could include glasses or surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amblyopia.html" id="6190" language="Spanish">Ambliopía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000550">Amblyopia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amblyopia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165">Vision Impairment and Blindness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lazy Eye</see-reference>
<site title="Amblyopia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/amblyopia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amblyopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001014.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amblyopia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/amblyopia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/amblyopia.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/amblyopia-lazy-eye">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amblyopia: What Is Lazy Eye?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/amblyopia-lazy-eye" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ambliopia-riesgo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amblyopia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amblyopia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutritional and Toxic Optic Neuropathies" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/optic-nerve-disorders/nutritional-and-toxic-optic-neuropathies" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%c3%a1lmicos/trastornos-del-nervio-%c3%b3ptico/neuropat%c3%adas-%c3%b3pticas-nutricionales-y-t%c3%b3xicas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Photoscreening" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/photoscreening">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amblyopia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Amblyopia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Standard eye exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vision Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect American Indians and Alaska Natives." title="American Indian and Alaska Native Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/americanindianandalaskanativehealth.html" id="337" language="English" date-created="05/25/2000">
<also-called>Alaska Native health</also-called>
<also-called>American Indian health</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns.  Differences in the health of groups can result from:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Environmental factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Access to care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cultural factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect American Indians and Alaska Natives.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/americanindianandalaskanativehealth.html" id="2047" language="Spanish">Salud de los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D044467">American Indian or Alaska Native</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/americanindianandalaskanativehealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimhd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Alaska Native Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>American Indian Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Arctic Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tribal Health</see-reference>
<site title="About Injury Prevention in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities" url="https://www.cdc.gov/injury-tribal/about/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Indian/Alaska Native Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/american-indianalaska-native-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and American Indians/Alaska Natives" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/asthma-and-american-indiansalaska-natives">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and American Indian and Alaska Native People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/health-equity/american-indian-alaska-native.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/health-equity/american-indian-alaska-native.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and American Indians/Alaska Natives" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/cancer-and-american-indiansalaska-natives">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Liver Disease and American Indians/Alaska Natives" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/chronic-liver-disease-and-american-indiansalaska-natives">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Alaska Natives" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22alaska+native%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Indians, North American" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22native+american%22+OR+%22american+indian%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes in American Indians and Alaska Natives" url="https://www.ihs.gov/MedicalPrograms/Diabetes/HomeDocs/Resources/FactSheets/Fact_sheet_AIAN_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating Healthy" url="https://www.ihs.gov/forpatients/index.cfm/healthtopics/EatingHealthy/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Health of American Indian or Alaska Native Population" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/american-indian-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Help for Mental Health, Drugs, or Alcohol if You're a Member or Descendant of a Federally Recognized American Indian or Alaska Native Tribe" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/health-care-or-support/professional-or-program/american-indian-or-alaska-native" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/encuentra-apoyo/cuidado-salud-apoyo/profesional-programa/indio-americano-nativo-alaska">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Weight for Life: Actions for Communities, Individuals, and Families" url="https://www.ihs.gov/healthyweight/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indian Health Disparities" url="https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/index.cfm/factsheets/disparities/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indian Health Focus: Injuries 2017 Edition" url="https://www.ihs.gov/sites/dps/themes/responsive2017/display_objects/documents/Indian_Health_Focus_%20Injuries_2017_Edition_508.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indian Health Service" url="https://www.ihs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indian Health Service: Community Health" url="https://www.ihs.gov/communityhealth/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indian Health Service: Find Health Care" url="https://www.ihs.gov/findhealthcare/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality and American Indians/Alaska Natives" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/infant-mortality-and-american-indiansalaska-natives">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injury Prevention" url="https://www.ihs.gov/communityhealth/injuryprevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities" url="https://www.nimhd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Native Diabetes Wellness Program" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-ndwp/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Native Health Database" url="https://nativehealthdatabase.net">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center Library</organization>
</site>
<site title="NIH Facilitates First Tribal Data-Sharing Agreement with Navajo Nation" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-facilitates-first-tribal-data-sharing-agreement-navajo-nation">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Native American Initiatives" url="https://surveillance.cancer.gov/disparities/native/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Indian and Alaska Native Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22American+Indian+or+Alaska+Native%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Roadway to Safer Tribal Communities Fact Sheets" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tribal-road-safety/toolkit/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Assault" url="https://www.ihs.gov/forpatients/index.cfm/healthtopics/SexualAssault/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use and Mental Health Issues among U.S.-Born American Indians or Alaska Natives Residing on and off Tribal Lands" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/DRAIANTribalAreas2018/DRAIANTribalAreas2018.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicides Among American Indian/Alaska Natives -- National Violent Death Reporting System, 18 States, 2003-2014" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6708a1.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips from Former Smokers: American Indian and Alaska Native People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/indoamericanos-o-nativos-de-alaska.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La amigdalitis es una inflamación de las amígdalas. Entérese sobre causas, síntomas y tratamientos." title="Amigdalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html" id="6441" language="Spanish" date-created="02/01/2017">
<also-called>Inflamación de las amígdalas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las amígdalas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las amígdalas son masas de tejido en la parte posterior de la garganta. Hay dos de ellas, una a cada lado. Junto con las adenoides, las amígdalas son parte del sistema linfático. El sistema linfático elimina las infecciones y mantiene equilibrados los fluidos corporales. Las adenoides y las amígdalas atrapan gérmenes que entran por la boca y la nariz.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La amigdalitis es una inflamación de las amígdalas. A veces, junto con la amigdalitis, las adenoides también se hinchan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La causa de la amigdalitis suele ser una infección viral. Las infecciones bacterianas como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;faringitis estreptocócica&lt;/a&gt; también pueden causar amigdalitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La amigdalitis es más común en niños mayores de dos años. Casi todos los niños de los Estados Unidos la padecen al menos una vez. La amigdalitis causada por bacterias es más común en niños de cinco a 15 años. La amigdalitis causada por un virus es más común en los niños más pequeños. Los adultos pueden contraer amigdalitis, pero no es muy común.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Es contagiosa la amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque la amigdalitis no es contagiosa, los virus y las bacterias que la causan sí lo son. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;lavado de manos&lt;/a&gt; frecuente puede ayudar a prevenir el propagar o contraer estas infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de amigdalitis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;, que puede ser grave&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Amígdalas rojas e hinchadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dificultad para tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una capa blanca o amarilla sobre las amígdalas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Glándulas inflamadas en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mal aliento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo es necesario que mi hijo vea a un profesional de la salud por amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debe llamar a su proveedor de atención médica si su hijo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene dolor de garganta por más de dos días&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene dificultad o dolor para tragar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se siente muy enfermo o muy débil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debe buscar atención de emergencia si su hijo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene dificultad para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comienza a babear &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene muchos problemas para tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la amigdalitis, el proveedor de atención médica de su hijo le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica. El proveedor examinará la garganta y el cuello de su hijo, buscando síntomas como enrojecimiento o manchas blancas en las amígdalas e hinchazón de los ganglios linfáticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es probable que su hijo también tenga una o más pruebas para detectar amigdalitis estreptocócica, ya que puede requerir tratamiento. Puede ser una prueba rápida de estreptococo, un cultivo de garganta, o ambos. Para estas pruebas el proveedor utiliza un hisopo de algodón para recoger una muestra de fluido de las amígdalas y la parte posterior de la garganta de su hijo. La prueba rápida de estreptococo se hace en la consulta y obtendrá los resultados en pocos minutos. El cultivo de garganta se hace en un laboratorio y normalmente toma unos días obtener los resultados. El cultivo de garganta es una prueba más confiable. A veces, si la prueba rápida de estreptococo es negativa (lo que significa que no muestra ninguna bacteria estreptocócica), el proveedor también hará un cultivo de garganta sólo para asegurarse de que su hijo no tiene estreptococo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la amigdalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de la amigdalitis depende de la causa. Si la causa es un virus, no hay medicina para tratarlo. Si la causa es una infección bacteriana, como la faringitis estreptocócica, su hijo necesitará tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Es importante que su hijo termine el tratamiento con antibióticos incluso si se siente mejor. Si el tratamiento se detiene demasiado pronto, algunas bacterias pueden sobrevivir y volver a infectar a su hijo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Independientemente de lo que esté causando la amigdalitis, hay algunas cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a su hijo a sentirse mejor. Asegúrese de que su hijo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obtiene mucho descanso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bebe mucho líquido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prueba alimentos blandos si le duele tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trata de consumir líquidos calientes o alimentos fríos como paletas de helado para calmar la garganta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Está libre del humo del cigarrillo o cualquier otra cosa que pueda irritar la garganta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Duerme en una habitación con un humidificador&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hace gárgaras con agua salada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Chupa una pastilla para la garganta (excepto a niños menores de cuatro años, ya que pueden ahogarse con ellas)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toma un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésico&lt;/a&gt; sin receta como acetaminofén. Los niños y adolescentes no deben tomar aspirina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, su hijo puede necesitar una amigdalectomía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una amigdalectomía y por qué mi hijo necesita una?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una amigdalectomía es la cirugía para extirpar las amígdalas. Es posible que su hijo la necesite si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene amigdalitis a menudo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene amigdalitis bacteriana que no mejora con los antibióticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus amígdalas son demasiado grandes y causan dificultad para respirar o tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Después de la cirugía, su hijo generalmente puede volver a la casa. Los niños muy pequeños y las personas que tienen complicaciones pueden necesitar permanecer en el hospital durante la noche. Puede tardar una semana o dos antes de que su hijo se recupere completamente de la cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html" id="6440" language="English">Tonsillitis</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html" id="2200">Adenoides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amígdalas, Inflamación</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso periamigdalino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000986.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abscesos periamigdalinos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación de amígdala y de vegetaciones adenoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalectomía" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tonsillectomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tonsillectomy.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100122_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100122_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003013.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalectomías y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001998.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tonsillitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tonsillitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/tonsillitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Tonsillitis.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001043.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis estreptocócica recurrente: ¿Cuándo es necesaria una amigdalectomía?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/faq-20058360?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/FAQ-20058360?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis/faringitis" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/amigdalitis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amígdalas y amigdalectomía" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tonsil.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tonsil.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amígdalas y vegetaciones hipertrofiadas en niños" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-de-los-o%C3%ADdos-la-nariz-y-la-garganta-en-ni%C3%B1os/am%C3%ADgdalas-y-vegetaciones-hipertrofiadas-en-ni%C3%B1os">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis amigdalina y absceso amigdalino" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-boca-y-la-garganta/celulitis-amigdalina-y-absceso-amigdalino" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/mouth-and-throat-disorders/tonsillar-cellulitis-and-tonsillar-abscess">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diferencia entre un dolor de garganta, faringitis y amigdalitis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Paginas/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de amígdalas: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000229.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección de garganta (faringitis, amigdalitis, faringoamigdalitis)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-boca-y-la-garganta/infecci%C3%B3n-de-garganta">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Te tienen que extraer las amígdalas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tonsils-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tonsils-out.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La amiloidosis es una afección rara que puede afectar diferentes partes del cuerpo. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamiento de la amiloidosis. " title="Amiloidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyloidosis.html" id="5274" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2009">
<also-called>Amilidosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La amiloidosis ocurre cuando proteínas anormales llamadas amiloides se acumulan y forman depósitos. Estos depósitos pueden concentrarse en ciertos órganos como los riñones y el corazón. Esto puede causar que el órgano se vuelva rígido y no pueda funcionar como debería. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos de amiloidosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;	Primaria: sin causa conocida &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secundaria: causada por otra enfermedad, incluyendo ciertos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hereditaria: se transmite por los genes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden variar dependiendo del órgano afectado. El tratamiento depende del tipo de amiloidosis que usted tenga. El objetivo es aliviar los síntomas y limitar la producción de proteínas. Si la causa es otra enfermedad, se debe tratar. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyloidosis.html" id="5273" language="English">Amyloidosis</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277">Trastornos metabólicos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amiloide</see-reference>
<site title="Amiloidosis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/amiloidosis/amiloidosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amiloidosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amiloidosis cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000193.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amiloidosis esencial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000533.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amiloidosis hereditaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000368.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amiloidosis sistémica secundaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000585.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amiloidosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353183?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiopatía amiloide cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000719.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la almohadilla de grasa de la pared abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003841.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del túnel carpiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003925.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cadenas ligeras libres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cadenas-ligeras-libres/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/free-light-chains/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomiopatía restrictiva" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomiopatia-restrictiva/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/restrictive-cardiomyopathy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre las neoplasias de células plasmáticas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloma-multiple/paciente/tratamiento-mieloma-pdq#_3" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq#_3">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Disorders like phenylketonuria (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease cause problems with how your body uses proteins. Learn more about them." title="Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6385" language="English" date-created="08/23/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Your digestive system breaks the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body. If you have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;metabolic disorder&lt;/a&gt;, something goes wrong with this process.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;One group of these disorders is amino acid metabolism disorders. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phenylketonuria.html"&gt;phenylketonuria&lt;/a&gt; (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease. Amino acids are "building blocks" that join together to form proteins. If you have one of these disorders, your body may have trouble breaking down certain amino acids. Or there may be a problem getting the amino acids into your cells. These problems cause a buildup of harmful substances in your body. That can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening, health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These disorders are usually inherited. A baby who is born with one may not have any symptoms right away. Because the disorders can be so serious, early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Newborn babies get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;screened&lt;/a&gt; for many of them, using blood tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments may include special diets, medicines, and supplements.  Some babies may also need additional treatments if there are complications.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6386" language="Spanish">Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000592">Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6389">Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html" id="3668">Dietary Proteins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6387">Lipid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703">Metabolic Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa-lyase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-methylcrotonyl-coa-carboxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-methylglutaconyl-coa-hydratase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alkaptonuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001200.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alkaptonuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alkaptonuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amino acids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002222.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aminoacylase 1 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aminoacylase-1-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arginase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginineglycine-amidinotransferase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Argininosuccinic aciduria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/argininosuccinic-aciduria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asparagine synthetase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/asparagine-synthetase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beta-ketothiolase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beta-ketothiolase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amino+Acid+Metabolism,+Inborn+Errors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dihydrolipoamide-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glutamate-formiminotransferase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glutaric acidemia type I: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glutaric-acidemia-type-i">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/guanidinoacetate-methyltransferase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hartnup disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hartnup-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hartnup disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001201.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histidinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/histidinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Homocystinuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/homocystinuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperlysinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperlysinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypermethioninemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypermethioninemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperprolinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperprolinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isobutyryl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-sulfite-oxidase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isovaleric acidemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isovaleric-acidemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lesch-nyhan-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Maple Syrup Urine Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/msud.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/msud.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maple syrup urine disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/maple-syrup-urine-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/methylmalonic-acid-mma-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-metilmalonico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acid blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003565.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acidemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001162.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/methylmalonic-acidemia-with-homocystinuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acidemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/methylmalonic-acidemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nonketotic-hyperglycinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/hereditary-metabolic-disorders/overview-of-amino-acid-metabolism-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-metab%C3%B3licos-hereditarios/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-del-metabolismo-de-los-amino%C3%A1cidos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation" url="https://ohf.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/phosphoglycerate-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plasma amino acids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003361.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary hyperoxaluria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-hyperoxaluria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prolidase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Amino+Acid+Metabolism%2C+Inborn+Errors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/short-branched-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tyrosinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tyrosinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Hyperoxaluria" url="https://ohf.org/understanding-hyperoxaluria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las ampollas son sacos de líquido en la parte externa de la piel. Se forman por el roce, calor o enfermedades de la piel." title="Ampollas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blisters.html" id="6420" language="Spanish" date-created="11/15/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;b&gt;¿Qué son las ampollas?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las ampollas son sacos llenos de líquido en la capa externa de la piel. Se forman debido al roce, calor o enfermedades de la piel. Son más comunes en las manos y los pies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otro nombre para las ampollas es vesícula (generalmente para ampollas más pequeñas) y bula (para las más grandes).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de las ampollas?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las ampollas ocurren a menudo cuando hay fricción (roce o presión) en un lugar. Por ejemplo, si sus zapatos no calzan bien y frotan parte de su pie. O si usted no usa guantes cuando rastrilla las hojas y su mano está en constante roce con el mango. Otras causas de ampollas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;Quemaduras&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;Quemaduras de sol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html"&gt;Congelación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html"&gt;Eccema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;Reacciones alérgicas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html"&gt;Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pemphigus.html"&gt;pénfigo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Epidermólisis bullosa, una enfermedad que vuelve frágil a la piel&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones virales como la varicela zoster (virus que causa la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html"&gt;varicela&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html"&gt;culebrilla&lt;/a&gt;) y el herpes simple (que causa el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html"&gt;herpes labial&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de la piel&lt;/a&gt; incluyendo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html"&gt;impétigo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;b&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las ampollas?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, se curan por sí solas. La piel sobre la ampolla ayuda a evitar las infecciones. Usted puede poner una venda para mantenerla limpia. Asegúrese de que no haya más roce o fricción en la ampolla. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debe comunicarse con su proveedor de atención médica si:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La ampolla parece infectada, si está drenando pus, o el área alrededor de la ampolla está roja, hinchada, caliente o muy dolorosa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene varias ampollas, especialmente si no sabe qué las está causando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene problemas de salud como problemas de circulación o diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;En general, no se deben drenar las ampollas por el riesgo de infección. Pero si una ampolla es grande, dolorosa o parece que se reventará por sí sola, usted puede drenar el líquido. Esto debería reducir su dolor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se pueden prevenir las ampollas?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen algunas cosas que usted puede hacer para prevenir que aparezcan ampollas por roce:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asegúrese que sus zapatos calcen en forma correcta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Siempre use calcetines con sus zapatos y asegúrese de que los calcetines calcen bien. Los calcetines de acrílico o nylon podrían ayudar a mantener sus pies frescos y libres de humedad &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use guantes o equipo de protección en sus manos cuando ocupe cualquier herramienta o equipo deportivo que cause roce&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blisters.html" id="6419" language="English">Blisters</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Ampollas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blisters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blisters.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ampollas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/ART-20056691?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vesículas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003939.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Amyloidosis is a rare condition that can affect different organs of the body. Find out about amyloidosis treatment and symptoms. " title="Amyloidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyloidosis.html" id="5273" language="English" date-created="08/24/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Amyloidosis occurs when abnormal proteins called amyloids build up and form deposits. The deposits can collect in organs such as the kidney and heart. This can cause the organs to become stiff and unable to work the way they should. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three main types of amyloidosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Primary - with no known cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secondary - caused by another disease, including some types of cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Familial - passed down through genes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms can vary, depending upon which organs are affected. Treatment depends on the type of amyloidosis you have.  The goal is to help with symptoms and limit the production of proteins. If another disease is the cause, it needs to be treated.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyloidosis.html" id="5274" language="Spanish">Amiloidosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000686">Amyloidosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyloidosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703">Metabolic Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Abdominal wall fat pad biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003841.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="AL Amyloidosis and Agent Orange" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/agentorange/conditions/al_amyloidosis.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amyloidosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/amyloidosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amyloidosis Foundation" url="https://www.amyloidosis.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Amyloidosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac amyloidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000193.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Amyloidosis" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.111.069195">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal tunnel biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003925.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral amyloid angiopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000719.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amyloidosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amyloidosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Free Light Chains" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/free-light-chains/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cadenas-ligeras-libres/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq#_3" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloma-multiple/paciente/tratamiento-mieloma-pdq#_3">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary amyloidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000368.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-cerebral-amyloid-angiopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lattice corneal dystrophy type II: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lattice-corneal-dystrophy-type-ii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary amyloidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000533.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-localized-cutaneous-amyloidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amyloidosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Amyloidosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Secondary systemic amyloidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000585.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transthyretin amyloidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/transthyretin-amyloidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="ALS stands for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also called Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS affects the nervous system, causing muscle problems. Find out how." title="Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="135" language="English" date-created="04/23/1999">
<also-called>ALS</also-called>
<also-called>Lou Gehrig's disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a nervous system disease that attacks nerve cells called neurons in your brain and spinal cord. These neurons transmit messages from your brain and spinal cord to your voluntary muscles - the ones you can control, like in your arms and legs. At first, this causes mild muscle problems. Some people notice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Trouble walking or running &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Trouble writing &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Speech problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Eventually, you lose your strength and cannot move. When muscles in your chest fail, you cannot breathe. A breathing machine can help, but most people with ALS die from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;respiratory failure&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The disease usually strikes between age 40 and 60. More men than women get it. No one knows what causes ALS. It can run in families, but usually it strikes at random. There is no cure. Medicines can relieve symptoms and, sometimes, prolong survival. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="1739" language="Spanish">Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000690">Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>ALS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lou Gehrig's Disease</see-reference>
<site title="ALS Symptoms and Diagnosis" url="https://www.als.org/understanding-als/symptoms-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="http://www.alsa.org/en-espanol/sintomas.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000688.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/esclerosis-lateral-amiotrofica-ela">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daily Activities Made Easier for People with ALS" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/daily-activities-made-easier-people-als">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of ALS" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="For Caregivers: Coping with Burnout" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/for-caregivers/coping-burnout">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="FYI: Breathing Difficulties" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/fyi-breathing-difficulties">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="FYI: Oral Care for People Living with ALS" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/fyi-oral-care-people-living-als">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing for ALS" url="https://www.als.org/understanding-als/who-gets-als/genetic-testing">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MDA Resources for Caregivers" url="https://www.mda.org/care/resource-list/caregiver-resources">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Management of ALS" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/medical-management">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Veterans with ALS" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/military-veterans">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Registry" url="https://www.cdc.gov/als/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/als/ALSJoinALSRegistry_Spanish.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of ALS" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/signs-and-symptoms/stages-of-als">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is ALS?" url="https://www.als.org/understanding-als/what-is-als" language-mapped-url="http://www.alsa.org/en-espanol/qu-es-la-ela.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Lou Gehrig's Disease (ALS)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/als.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/als.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Who Gets ALS?" url="https://www.als.org/understanding-als/who-gets-als">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Thinking about using anabolic steroids to build muscles or improve your athletic performance? Think again. Misusing them is not legal or safe. It can cause long-term health problems." title="Anabolic Steroids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" id="136" language="English" date-created="09/02/1999">
<also-called>Anabolic-androgenic steroids</also-called>
<also-called>Performance-enhancing drugs</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are anabolic steroids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anabolic steroids are synthetic (man-made) versions of testosterone. Testosterone is the main sex &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormone&lt;/a&gt; in men. It is needed to develop and maintain male sex characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth. Women do have some testosterone in their bodies, but in much smaller amounts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are anabolic steroids used for?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers use anabolic steroids to treat some hormone problems in men, delayed &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html"&gt;puberty&lt;/a&gt;, and muscle loss from some diseases. But some people misuse anabolic steroids.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;Why do people misuse anabolic steroids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some bodybuilders and athletes use anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance. They may take the steroids orally, inject them into muscles, or apply them to the skin as a gel or cream. These doses may be 10 to 100 times higher than doses used to treat medical conditions. Using them this way, without a prescription from a health care provider, is not legal or safe.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health effects of misusing anabolic steroids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Misuse of anabolic steroids, especially over a long period of time, has been linked to many health problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Acne&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stunted growth in teens&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart problems&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Liver disease&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney damage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aggressive behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In men, it can also cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html"&gt;Baldness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breast growth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low sperm count/&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shrinking of the testicles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In women, it can also cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;menstrual cycle&lt;/a&gt; (period)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Growth of body and facial hair&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Male-pattern baldness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Voice deepening&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Are anabolic steroids addictive?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Even though they don't cause a high, anabolic steroids can be addictive. You can have withdrawal symptoms if you stop using them, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Restlessness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Sleep problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased sex drive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Steroid cravings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;, which can sometimes be serious and even lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt; attempts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Behavioral therapy and medicines can be helpful in treating anabolic steroid addiction.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html" id="1740" language="Spanish">Esteroides anabólicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D045930">Anabolic Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Performance-Enhancing Drugs</see-reference>
<see-reference>Steroids, Anabolic</see-reference>
<site title="Anabolic Steroids and Other Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/anabolic-steroids" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/esteroides-anabolicos-y-otras-drogas-para-mejorar-la-apariencia-y-el-rendimiento-apeds">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are Steroids Worth the Risk?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/steroids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/steroids.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Performance-Enhancing Drugs: Know the Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anabolic Steroids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anabolic+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Steroids" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs/steroids" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/drogas/esteroides">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Steroids" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/steroids.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave. Puede comenzar muy rápido y los síntomas pueden ser fatales. Síntomas de shock anafiláctico." title="Anafilaxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258" language="Spanish" date-created="08/03/2015">
<also-called>Reacción anafiláctica</also-called>
<also-called>Shock anafiláctico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave. Puede comenzar muy rápidamente, y los síntomas pueden ser potencialmente mortales. Las causas más comunes son reacciones a los alimentos (especialmente al maní o cacahuate), medicamentos y picaduras de insectos. Otras causas incluyen el ejercicio y la exposición al látex. A veces no se puede encontrar una causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede afectar a muchos órganos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel: Picazón, urticaria, enrojecimiento, hinchazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nariz: Estornudos, congestión nasal, secreción nasal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Boca: Picor, hinchazón de los labios o la lengua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Garganta: Prurito, opresión, dificultad para tragar, inflamación de la parte posterior de la garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pecho: Falta de aliento, tos, sibilancias, dolor de pecho u opresión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Corazón: Pulso débil, desmayo, shock&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tracto gastrointestinal: Vómitos, diarrea, calambres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sistema nervioso: Mareos o desmayos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
Si alguien está teniendo una reacción alérgica grave, llame al 911. Si un autoinyector está disponible, aplicar a la persona la inyección de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html" id="6257" language="English">Anaphylaxis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia en los bebés y niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/anaphylaxis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Anaphylaxis.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia: Consejos para tener en cuenta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/anafilaxia-consejos-para-tener-en-cuenta" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/anaphylaxis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia: primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacción alérgica grave (anafilaxia) (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anaphylaxis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anaphylaxis.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anal cancer is rare. HPV is one of the most common causes. Find out more about anal cancer symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. " title="Anal Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html" id="3791" language="English" date-created="03/10/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is anal cancer? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html"&gt;anus&lt;/a&gt; is the opening at the end of your large intestine. It is where stool (poop) leaves your body. The anus is formed partly from your outer layers of skin and partly from your intestine. Anal cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the tissues of your anus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop anal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get anal cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have an infection with high-risk &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt;, especially if you have certain types. Most anal cancers are related to HPV infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakened immune system&lt;/a&gt;, from conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or because of medicines you need to take after an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;vulvar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;vaginal&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cervical&lt;/a&gt; cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have many sexual partners.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have anal sex.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoke cigarettes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of anal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms of anal cancer may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding from the anus or rectum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump near the anus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or pressure in the area around the anus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Itching or discharge from the anus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html"&gt;bowel habits&lt;/a&gt;, such as narrower stools, having to go more often, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;bowel incontinence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is anal cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have anal cancer, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Will take your medical history,&lt;/strong&gt; which includes asking about your symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Will ask about your family health history.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;May do a digital rectal examination (DRE).&lt;/strong&gt; A DRE is an exam of the anus and rectum. For the exam, your provider will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;May order tests that examine the anus and rectum,&lt;/strong&gt; such as: 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/"&gt;anoscopy&lt;/a&gt;, an exam of the anus and lower rectum using a short, lighted tube called an anoscope. There is also a type of anoscopy called a high-resolution anoscopy. It uses a special magnifying device called a colposcope along with the anoscope to view these areas.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A proctoscopy, a procedure to look inside the rectum and anus using a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;An endo-anal or endorectal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, a procedure in which an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;May do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; during an anoscopy or proctoscopy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for anal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for anal cancer include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;, and surgery. Which treatment you get will depend on how advanced the cancer is, your overall health, and your preferences.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can anal cancer be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to lower your risk of getting anal cancer by getting an HPV vaccine and not smoking. Contact your provider if you need help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is currently not known if using condoms can prevent anal HPV infections. But using latex condoms every time you have sex can help prevent HIV, a risk factor for anal cancer. And they also help prevent other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs). If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are an adult with HIV, it's important to get an anal cancer screening every year. The screening checks for anything that seems unusual, such as lumps, burning, and precancer cells (cells that could turn into cancer). The screening will include a digital rectal exam. If anything unusual is found, you will have an anoscopy or high resolution anoscopy.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html" id="3792" language="Spanish">Cáncer del ano</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001005">Anus Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html" id="137">Anal Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88">Colorectal Cancer</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007652.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354140?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354140?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ano.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-prevention-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/prevencion-ano-pdq#section/_11">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anal Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/tratamiento-ano-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anal Warts" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-warts" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/las-verrugas-anales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer of the Anus" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/anus.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anus Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anus+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Anal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/anal">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrocautery Superior to Topical Treatments for Precancerous Anal Lesions" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/research/electrocautery">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="External Beam Radiation Therapy for Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Clinical Guidelines Now Recommend High Resolution Anoscopy as Part of Anal Cancer Screening Program for People with HIV" url="https://www.hiv.gov/blog/hiv-clinical-guidelines-now-recommend-high-resolution-anoscopy-as-part-of-anal-cancer-screening-program-for-people-with-hiv">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as an Anal Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anus+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Anal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Anal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/tratamiento-ano-pdq#section/_96">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Anal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Anal Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/tratamiento-ano-pdq#section/_125">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Anal Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anal disorders include hemorrhoids, fistulas, and abscesses. Learn about which anal conditions are minor and those that are more serious. " title="Anal Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html" id="137" language="English" date-created="02/19/1999">
<also-called>Anorectal diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The anus is the opening of the rectum through which stool passes out of your body. Problems with the anus are common. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;hemorrhoids&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;abscesses&lt;/a&gt;, fissures (cracks), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may be embarrassed to talk about your anal troubles. But it is important to let your doctor know, especially if you have pain or bleeding. The more details you can give about your problem, the better your doctor will be able to help you. Treatments vary depending on the particular problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del ano</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001004">Anus Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/analdisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html" id="3791">Anal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html" id="1226">Hemorrhoids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rectaldisorders.html" id="5870">Rectal Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pruritus Ani</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Abscess and Fistula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal and Rectal Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/overview-of-the-anus-and-rectum" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/biolog%C3%ADa-del-aparato-digestivo/recto-y-ano">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Fissure" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-fissure">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal fissure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001130.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal fissure - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100154_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100154_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Fissures" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anal-fissures/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fisuras-anales-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Itching" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal itching - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000689.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/anal-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050918?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/anal-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050918?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Warts" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-warts" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/las-verrugas-anales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anorectal abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anus Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anus+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Digital rectal exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Get More Fiber in Your Diet" url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Rectal Suppositories" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/rectal-suppositories">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imperforate anus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001147.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imperforate anus repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002926.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imperforate anus repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100030_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100030_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI X-Ray (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-pelvic-floor/pelvic-floor-dyssynergia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perianal streptococcal cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001346.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruritus Ani" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pruritis-ani-expanded-version">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anus+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Bleeding" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050740?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testing of the Anorectal and Pelvic Floor Area" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/motility-testing/anorectal-and-pelvic-floor-area/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Minor Rectal Bleeding" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-minor-rectal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-el-sangrado-rectal-leve">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los analgésicos son medicinas que reducen o alivian dolores. Entérese sobre tipos de analgésicos como antiinflamatorios y opioides." title="Analgésicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" id="4060" language="Spanish" date-created="01/25/2005">
<also-called>Calmantes para el dolor</also-called>
<also-called>Medicamentos para el dolor</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los analgésicos son medicinas que reducen o alivian los dolores de cabeza, musculares, artríticos o muchos otros achaques y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;dolores&lt;/a&gt;. Existen muchos tipos diferentes de analgésicos y cada uno tiene sus ventajas y riesgos. Algunos tipos de dolor responden mejor a determinadas medicinas que a otras. Además, cada persona puede tener una respuesta ligeramente distinta a un analgésico. &lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;venta sin receta&lt;/a&gt; son buenos para combatir muchos tipos de dolor. Existen dos tipos principales de analgésicos sin receta: acetaminofén (Tylenol) y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. La aspirina, el naproxeno (Aleve) y el ibuprofén (Advil, Motrin) son ejemplos de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos sin receta.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si los medicamentos sin receta no le alivian el dolor, el médico puede indicarle algo más fuerte. Muchos de estos antiinflamatorios se encuentran disponibles en mayores dosis con receta médica. Los analgésicos más potentes son los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioides&lt;/a&gt;. Estos son muy efectivos pero a veces pueden causar graves efectos secundarios. También está el riesgo de provocar adicción. Por ello, usted debe tomarlos solamente bajo supervisión médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchas cosas que puede hacer para combatir el dolor. Los analgésicos son sólo una parte del plan de tratamiento. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" id="4059" language="English">Pain Relievers</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html" id="5996">Dolor crónico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3800">Medicamentos sin receta médica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6432">Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Calmantes para el dolor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dolor, Remedios</see-reference>
<site title="AINEs: Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/aines-medicamentos-antiinflamatorios-no-esteroides" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/nsaids-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Analgésicos narcóticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007489.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Analgésicos no narcóticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002123.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Analgésicos: Comprenda las opciones de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-analgesicos-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pain-relievers-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspirina (salicilato)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/aspirina-salicilato/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspirina para reducir el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/investigacion/aspirina">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueos de nervios" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nerveblock" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nerveblock">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor después de la cirugía: Medicamentos para el dolor" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/control-del-dolor-despues-de-la-cirugia-medicamentos-para-el-dolor/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pain-control-after-surgery-pain-medicines/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creencias de los proveedores pueden afectar el alivio del dolor" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-creencias-de-los-proveedores-pueden-afectar-el-alivio">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor crónico: Decidir sobre medicamentos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/chronic-pain-medication-decisions/art-20360371?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/chronic-pain-medication-decisions/art-20360371?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza por efecto &quot;rebote&quot; de analgésicos" url="https://headaches.org/dolor-de-cabeza-por-efecto-rebote-de-analgesicos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dosis del ibuprofeno para los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dosis infantil de paracetamol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición accidental a los parches de fentanilo sigue siendo mortal para los niños" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-exposicion-accidental-los-parches-de-fentanilo-sigue-siendo-mortal-para-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/accidental-exposures-fentanyl-patches-continue-be-deadly-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ibuprofeno y embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/ibuprofeno/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/ibuprofen-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de cortisona" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos recetados" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-para-el-dolor-que-requieren-prescripcion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/prescription-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-medicines/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el dolor crónico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-para-el-dolor-cronico/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/chronic-pain-medicines/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y los analgésicos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/las-mujeres-y-los-analgesicos-women-and-pain-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-pain-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefropatía por analgésicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000482.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de acetaminofén" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de salicilatos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-salicilatos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/salicylates-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="No abuse del acetaminofén" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/no-abuse-del-acetaminofen" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/dont-overuse-acetaminophen">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paracetamol y los niños: Por qué la dosis es importante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntar a su médico antes de tomar opiáceos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-preguntar-su-medico-antes-de-tomar-opiaceos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-ask-your-doctor-taking-opioids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de diclofenaco sódico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002630.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de fenoprofeno cálcico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002649.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de hidrocodona y acetaminofeno (paracetamol)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002670.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de ibuprofeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002655.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de indometacina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002657.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de ketoprofeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002661.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de meclofenamato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002671.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de naproxeno sódico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002507.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de paracetamol (acetaminofén)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002598.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de paracetamol y codeína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002562.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de pentazocina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002519.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de piroxicam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002534.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de propoxifeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002537.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de sulindaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002551.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de tolmetina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002558.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de ácido acetilsalicílico (aspirin)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002542.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar narcóticos para el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction. It can begin very quickly, and symptoms may be life-threatening. Read the symptoms. " title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html" id="6257" language="English" date-created="07/06/2015">
<also-called>Anaphylactic shock</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Anaphylaxis is a serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergic reaction&lt;/a&gt;. It can begin very quickly, and symptoms may be life-threatening. The most common causes are reactions to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"&gt;foods&lt;/a&gt; (especially peanuts), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;medications&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;stinging insects&lt;/a&gt;. Other causes include exercise and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;exposure to latex&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes no cause can be found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can affect many organs:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin - itching, hives, redness, swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nose - sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mouth - itching, swelling of the lips or tongue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Throat - itching, tightness, trouble swallowing, swelling of the back of the throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest - shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest pain or tightness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart - weak pulse, passing out, shock&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gastrointestinal tract - vomiting, diarrhea, cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nervous system - dizziness or fainting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If someone is having a serious allergic reaction, call 911. If an auto-injector  is available, give the person the injection right away.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258" language="Spanish">Anafilaxia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000707">Anaphylaxis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/anaphylaxis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/anafilaxia-consejos-para-tener-en-cuenta">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis-Like Reactions" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/anaphylaxis/reactions?modal=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anaphylaxis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anaphylaxis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anaphylaxis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Serious Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anaphylaxis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anaphylaxis.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body. Learn about the organs and body parts." title="Anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anatomy.html" id="138" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body. On this page, you'll find links to 
descriptions and pictures of the human body's parts and organ systems from head to toe.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
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<site title="About the Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/about-eye">
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<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Anatomy &amp; Physiology" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anatomy Videos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anatomyvideos.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anatomyvideos.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Appendicular Skeleton" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/divisions/appendicular.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Axial Skeleton" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/divisions/axial.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biological Pathways" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Biological-Pathways-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Vias-Biologicas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Body Basics" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/body-basics.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Basics Library" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-basics.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/brain/tumors/anatomy/brain.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: The Life and Death of a Neuron" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-life-and-death-neuron">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cell Structure" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cells_tissues_membranes/cells/structure.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Chromosomes" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Chromosomes-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Cromosomas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Classification &amp; Structure of Blood Vessels" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cardiovascular/blood/classification.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Components of the Urinary System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/urinary/components/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Endocrine System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
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</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/female/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Female Reproductive System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/female-repro.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
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<site title="Get Excited about the Brain!" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/get-excited-about-the-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-emocionante-mundo-del-cerebro">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immune System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/immune.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/immune.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inside Your Body" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/knowbody/bodytool.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to the Human Body" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/body/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to the Lymphatic System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Larynx &amp; Trachea" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/larynx.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Layers of the Skin" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/anatomy/layers.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymph Nodes" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/components/nodes.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Male Reproductive System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/male/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Male Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/male-reproductive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/male-reproductive.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/male-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/male-repro.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/digestive/regions/mouth.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mouth and Teeth (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muscles of the Head and Neck" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/groups/head_neck.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muscles of the Lower Extremity" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/groups/lower.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muscles of the Trunk" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/groups/trunk.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muscles of the Upper Extremity" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/groups/upper.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nose, Nasal Cavities &amp; Paranasal Sinuses" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/nose.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Immune System" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-system-overview">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharynx" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/pharynx.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pineal and Pituitary Glands" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/brain/tumors/anatomy/glands.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anatomy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anatomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Regions of the Digestive System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/digestive/regions/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin, Hair, and Nails: The Body's Protective Layer" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small &amp; Large Intestine" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/digestive/regions/intestine.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spleen" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/components/spleen.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/digestive/regions/stomach.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Structure of the Heart" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cardiovascular/heart/structure.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thymus" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/components/thymus.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tonsils" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/components/tonsils.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Bladder" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/urinary/components/bladder.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Visible Human Project" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is the Pancreas?" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/basics">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Bones" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bones.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bones.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Eyes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/eye.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidneys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/kidneys.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Lungs and Respiratory System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lungs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Muscles" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/muscles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/muscles.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Nails" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/your-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nails-nosw.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Nose" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Skin" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/skin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/skin.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Teeth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/teeth.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Tongue" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tongue.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tongue.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Anatomía es la ciencia que estudia la estructura del cuerpo. En esta página, encontrará enlaces a descripciones e imágenes de partes del cuerpo humano y sistemas de órganos de la cabeza a los pies.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
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<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
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<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón y del aparato cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon-y-del-aparato-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
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<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
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<site title="Aparato reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/female-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/male-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/male-repro.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato urinario (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pee.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bazo y sistema linfático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/spleen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/spleen.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca y los dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca y los dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y el sistema nervioso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/brain-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/brain-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y el sistema nervioso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/brain-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y sistema nervioso (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/brain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/brain.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cromosomas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Cromosomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Chromosomes-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huesos, los músculos y las articulaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huesos, los músculos y las articulaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hígado" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/liver.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lengua (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tongue.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tongue.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eyes.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eyes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/eye.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/eyes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ears.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, el cabello y las uñas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, pelo y uñas: La capa protectora del cuerpo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y el sistema respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lungs.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/kidneys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/kidneys.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/blood.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/immune.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/immune.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/immune.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema linfático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/male-reproductive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/male-reproductive.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu nariz" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu pelo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hair-nosw.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/kid/body/hair_SW.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu piel" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/skin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/skin.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/teeth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus huesos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bones.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bones.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus músculos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/muscles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/muscles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus oídos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus pulmones y tu sistema respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lungs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus riñones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/kidneys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidneys.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uñas (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nails-nosw.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/your-nails.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videos de anatomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anatomyvideos.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/anatomyvideos.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vías biológicas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Vias-Biologicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Biological-Pathways-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡El emocionante mundo del cerebro!" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-emocionante-mundo-del-cerebro" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/get-excited-about-the-brain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué tengo un ombligo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/navel.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las papilas gustativas?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/taste-buds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/taste-buds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los reflejos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/reflexes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anemia occurs when your blood doesn't carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. Read about conditions that lead to it and treatments available." title="Anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html" id="139" language="English" date-created="09/02/1999">
<also-called>Iron poor blood</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body.  The most common cause of anemia is not having enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html"&gt;iron&lt;/a&gt;. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anemia has three main causes: blood loss, lack of red blood cell production, and high rates of red blood cell destruction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Conditions that may lead to anemia include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heavy periods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ulcers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Colon polyps or colon cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inherited disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A diet that does not have enough iron, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;folic acid&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamin B12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood disorders such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html"&gt;sickle cell anemia&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html"&gt;thalassemia&lt;/a&gt;, or cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html"&gt;Aplastic anemia&lt;/a&gt;, a condition that can be inherited or acquired&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/g6pddeficiency.html"&gt;G6PD deficiency&lt;/a&gt;, a metabolic disorder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anemia can make you feel tired, cold, dizzy, and irritable. You may be short of breath or have a headache.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose anemia with a physical exam and blood tests. Treatment depends on the kind of anemia you have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html" id="1743" language="Spanish">Anemia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000740">Anemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anemia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html" id="5955">Aplastic Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html" id="5376">B Vitamins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" id="1611">Folic Acid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/g6pddeficiency.html" id="6155">G6PD Deficiency</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html" id="5542">Iron</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html" id="402">Sickle Cell Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html" id="4239">Thalassemia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Iron Deficiency Anemia</see-reference>
<site title="Aase syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001662.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La anemia ocurre cuando la sangre no transporta suficiente oxígeno al cuerpo. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamiento de la anemia. " title="Anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html" id="1743" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si tiene anemia, es debido a que su sangre no está transportando suficiente oxígeno al resto de su cuerpo. La causa más común de anemia es no tener suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html"&gt;hierro&lt;/a&gt;. El cuerpo necesita este mineral para producir hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína rica en hierro que da a la sangre su color rojo y transporta oxígeno desde los pulmones al resto del cuerpo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las tres causas principales de anemia son: pérdida de sangre, no producir glóbulos rojos y destrucción de estos a gran velocidad. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas médicos que pueden causar anemia pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Períodos menstruales muy abundantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ulceras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pólipos en el colon o cáncer del colon&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Trastornos hereditarios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una dieta que no contiene suficiente hierro, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B 12&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunos trastornos, tales como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia falciforme&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html"&gt;talasemia&lt;/a&gt; o cáncer &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html"&gt;Anemia aplásica&lt;/a&gt;, una afección que puede ser hereditaria o adquirida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/g6pddeficiency.html"&gt;Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La anemia puede hacerlo sentirse débil, tener frío, estar mareado e irritable. También puede sentir dificultad para respirar o dolores de cabeza. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El doctor diagnosticará la enfermedad a través de un examen físico y de sangre. El tratamiento depende del tipo de anemia que usted tenga.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html" id="139" language="English">Anemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html" id="5956">Anemia aplásica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html" id="2146">Enfermedad de células falciformes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/g6pddeficiency.html" id="6156">G6PD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html" id="5543">Hierro en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html" id="4240">Talasemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html" id="5377">Vitaminas B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" id="1907">Ácido fólico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hierro, Falta de</see-reference>
<site title="Aglutininas frías y febriles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003549.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003549.htm">
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<site title="Anemia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anemia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anemia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000560.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/anemia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/anemia">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anemia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Anemia causada por bajo nivel de hierro en bebés y niños pequeños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Anemia de Diamond-Blackfan" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diamond-blackfan-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diamond-blackfan-anemia.html">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia de Diamond-Blackfan" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12933/anemia-de-diamond-blackfan/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia debida a un sangrado excesivo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/anemia/anemia-debida-a-un-sangrado-excesivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/anemia-due-to-excessive-bleeding">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia en el recién nacido" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/problemas-sangu%C3%ADneos-en-el-reci%C3%A9n-nacido/anemia-en-el-reci%C3%A9n-nacido" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/blood-problems-in-newborns/anemia-in-the-newborn">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia en niños y adolescentes: Preguntas frecuentes de los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/chronic/Paginas/anemia-and-your-child.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia esferocítica congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000530.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000530.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia ferropénica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000584.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia ferropénica (por falta de hierro)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ida.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ida.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia hemolítica" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-hemolitica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/hemolytic-anemia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia hemolítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000571.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia hemolítica causada por químicos y toxinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000590.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia hemolítica inmunitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000576.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia hemolítica inmunitaria inducida por medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000578.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia perniciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000569.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de folato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000551.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de hierro" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de hierro" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-ferropenica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/iron-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitamina B12" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000574.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitamina B12" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-b12" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitaminas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por enfermedad crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000565.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por inflamación o enfermedad crónica" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-sangre/anemia-pori-inflamacion-enfermedad-cronica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/blood-diseases/anemia-inflammation-chronic-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capacidad total de fijación del hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de reticulocitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-reticulocitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/reticulocyte-count/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Criohemoglobinuria paroxística (CHP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000557.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis hemolítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003270.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de piruvatocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001197.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración combinada subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000723.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003639.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la hemoglobina C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000572.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de la hemoglobina C, S-C y E" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/anemia/enfermedades-de-la-hemoglobina-c-s-c-y-e" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/hemoglobin-c-s-c-and-e-diseases">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esferocitosis hereditaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hereditary-spherocytosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hereditary-spherocytosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Examen de anticuerpos anticélulas parietales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003351.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de Donath-Landsteiner" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003668.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Examen de eritropoyetina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003683.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ferritina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de guayacol en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de haptoglobina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003634.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobina libre en el suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003677.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003677.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemólisis en sacarosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003673.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003673.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hierro sérico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003488.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Examen de piruvatocinasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003357.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de Schilling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003572.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000534.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hierro" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de vitamina B12" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003705.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles bajos de glóbulos rojos (anemia) y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/recuentos-sanguineos-bajos/anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/low-blood-counts/anemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de haptoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-haptoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/haptoglobin-hp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de ferritina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-ferritina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ferritin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-b/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-b-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-hierro/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/iron-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Aase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001662.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Plummer-Vinson (membrana esofágica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001158.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de células madre sanguíneas y de médula ósea" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS40S_Blood%20Marrow_SPA_6_16%20Reprint.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.lls.org/content/nationalcontent/resourcecenter/freeeducationmaterials/treatments/pdf/bloodmarrowstemcelltransplantation.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B12" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es desear y masticar hielo constantemente un signo de anemia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/expert-answers/chewing-ice/faq-20057982?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/expert-answers/chewing-ice/FAQ-20057982?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la anemia?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la anemia? (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/anemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índices de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/indices-de-globulos-rojos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-rbc-indices/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La anemia aplásica es un trastorno raro en que la médula espinal no produce suficientes células nuevas. Síntomas y tratamientos de la anemia aplásica. " title="Anemia aplásica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html" id="5956" language="Spanish" date-created="01/09/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la anemia aplásica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; aplásica es un trastorno sanguíneo poco común pero grave. Si lo tiene, su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt; no produce suficientes células sanguíneas nuevas. Ocurre cuando hay daño a las células madre dentro de la médula ósea. Existen diferentes tipos de anemia aplásica, incluyendo la anemia de Fanconi.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la anemia aplásica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las causas de la anemia aplásica pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt; (la causa más común)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos cambios genéticos hereditarios, como el que puede causar anemia de Fanconi&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sustancias tóxicas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticidas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html"&gt;arsénico&lt;/a&gt; y benceno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia &lt;/a&gt; para el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones virales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;, el virus de Epstein-Barr o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En muchas personas no se conoce la causa. Esto se llama anemia aplásica idiopática.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la anemia aplásica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La anemia aplásica puede desarrollarse repentina o lentamente. Puede ser leve o grave. Sus síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;Moretones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;sangrado &lt;/a&gt; fácil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la anemia aplásica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La anemia aplásica puede causar otros problemas, como infecciones frecuentes y sangrado; y aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html"&gt;trastorno sanguíneo&lt;/a&gt; grave.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no se trata, la anemia aplásica también puede provocar problemas cardíacos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmia&lt;/a&gt; (un problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón), agrandamiento del corazón o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la anemia aplásica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene anemia aplásica, su profesional de la salud tomará en cuenta:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica y la de su familia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Le hará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Solicitará pruebas, como exámenes para comprobar si tiene un bajo número de células en la médula ósea y en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la anemia aplásica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene anemia aplásica, su profesional de la salud creará un plan de tratamiento para usted. El plan se basará en la gravedad de la anemia y su causa. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;Transfusiones de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trasplantes de células madre de sangre y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para suprimir su sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Debido al riesgo de trastornos de la sangre, su médico controlará su estado y le examinará periódicamente para detectar trastornos de la sangre.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html" id="5955" language="English">Aplastic Anemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html" id="1743">Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="1781">Enfermedades de la médula ósea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1782">Trasplante de médula ósea</related-topic>
<site title="Anemia aplásica" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12666/anemia-aplasica/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia aplásica" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-aplasica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/aplastic-anemia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia aplásica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355015?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355015?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia aplásica (grave)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-np01435-tranplant-saa-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia aplásica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aplastic-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aplastic-anemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia aplásica idiopática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000554.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia aplásica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355020?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia de Fanconi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000334.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia de Fanconi" url="https://www.fanconi.org/images/uploads/other/SpanishHandbook31.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fondo de Investigación de Anemia de Fanconi, Inc.</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia de Fanconi (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fanconi-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fanconi-anemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de hierro" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de reticulocitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-reticulocitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/reticulocyte-count/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de reticulocitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003637.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La anestesia se utiliza para reducir o bloquear el dolor durante una cirugía. Existen varios tipos: local, regional y general. " title="Anestesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html" id="1744" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la anestesia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La anestesia es el uso de medicamentos para prevenir el dolor durante una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html"&gt;cirugía&lt;/a&gt; y otros procedimientos. Estos medicamentos se denominan anestésicos. Pueden administrarse mediante inyección, inhalación, loción tópica, aerosol, gotas para los ojos o parche cutáneo. Provocan una pérdida de las sensibilidad o la conciencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Para qué se usa la anestesia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La anestesia se puede utilizar en procedimientos menores, como el empaste o restauración de un diente. Puede usarse durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html"&gt;parto&lt;/a&gt; o procedimientos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopías&lt;/a&gt;. Y se usa durante operaciones menores y mayores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, un dentista, una enfermera o un médico pueden darle un anestésico. En otros casos, es posible que necesite un anestesiólogo, un médico que se especializa en administrar anestesia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de anestesia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay varios tipos diferentes de anestesia:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anestesia local&lt;/strong&gt;: Adormece una pequeña parte del cuerpo. Puede usarse en un diente que necesita ser extraído o en un área pequeña alrededor de una herida que necesita puntos. Usted está despierto y alerta durante la anestesia local&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anestesia regional&lt;/strong&gt;: Se usa para áreas más grandes del cuerpo, como un brazo, una pierna o todo lo que esté debajo de la cintura. Es posible que esté despierto durante el procedimiento o que le administren sedantes. Se puede usar anestesia regional durante el parto, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;cesárea&lt;/a&gt; o cirugías menores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anestesia general&lt;/strong&gt;: Afecta a todo el cuerpo. Le deja inconsciente e incapaz de moverse. Se usa durante operaciones mayores, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;cirugía cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;, cirugía cerebral, cirugía de espalda y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplantes de órganos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la anestesia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, la anestesia es segura. Pero puede haber riesgos, especialmente con la anestesia general, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;Reacción alérgica&lt;/a&gt; a la anestesia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html"&gt;Delirio&lt;/a&gt; después de la anestesia general: El delirio provoca confusión. Es posible que no tenga claro lo que está pasando. Algunos mayores de 60 años tienen delirio durante varios días después de la cirugía. También les puede pasar a los niños cuando se despiertan por primera vez de la anestesia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Retomar la conciencia durante la anestesia general: En general, esto significa que la persona escucha sonidos. Pero a veces se puede sentir dolor, aunque no es común &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html" id="140" language="English">Anesthesia</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html" id="2180">Cirugía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<site title="Anestesia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anesthesia-basics.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anestesia en adultos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000183.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000183.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anestesia en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000184.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000184.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anestesia general" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007410.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anestesia raquídea y epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007413.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anestesia: Qué esperar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anesthesia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anesthesia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza posteriores a una punción lumbar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estar anestesiado: Una mirada más cercana a la anestesia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/estar-anestesiado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/01/going-under">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fuga del LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertermia maligna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001315.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones epidurales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sedación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sedación consciente para procedimientos quirúrgicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007409.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sedación en pacientes pediátricos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-pediatric-sedation" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-pediatric-sedation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de anestesia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anesthesia-types.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un anestesiólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-anesthesiologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Anesthesiologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Local, regional, general - all are types of anesthesia. Learn about how anesthesia reduces or blocks pain before a surgery. " title="Anesthesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html" id="140" language="English" date-created="12/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is anesthesia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anesthesia is the use of medicines to prevent pain during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html"&gt;surgery&lt;/a&gt; and other procedures. These medicines are called anesthetics. They may be given by injection, inhalation, topical lotion, spray, eye drops, or skin patch. They cause you to have a loss of feeling or awareness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is anesthesia used for?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anesthesia may be used in minor procedures, such as filling a tooth. It could be used during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html"&gt;childbirth&lt;/a&gt; or procedures such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopies&lt;/a&gt;. And it is used during minor and major surgeries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, a dentist, nurse, or doctor may give you an anesthetic. In other cases, you may need an anesthesiologist. This is a doctor who specializes in giving anesthesia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of anesthesia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of anesthesia:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Local anesthesia&lt;/strong&gt; numbs a small part of the body. It might be used on a tooth that needs to be pulled or on a small area around a wound that needs stitches.  You are awake and alert during local anesthesia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regional anesthesia&lt;/strong&gt; is used for larger areas of the body such as an arm, a leg, or everything below the waist. You may be awake during the procedure, or you may be given sedation. Regional anesthesia may be used during childbirth, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;Cesarean delivery&lt;/a&gt; (C-section), or minor surgeries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;General anesthesia&lt;/strong&gt; affects the whole body. It makes you unconscious and unable to move. It is used during major surgeries, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;heart surgery&lt;/a&gt;, brain surgery, back surgery, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplants&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of anesthesia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anesthesia is generally safe. But there can be risks, especially with general anesthesia, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Heart rhythm&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;breathing&lt;/a&gt; problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;allergic reaction&lt;/a&gt; to the anesthesia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html"&gt;Delirium&lt;/a&gt; after general anesthesia. Delirium makes people confused. They may be unclear about what is happening to them. Some people over the age of 60 have delirium for several days after surgery. It can also happen to children when they first wake up from anesthesia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Awareness when someone is under general anesthesia. This usually means that the person hears sounds. But sometimes they can feel pain. This is rare.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html" id="1744" language="Spanish">Anestesia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000758">Anesthesia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html" id="426">Surgery</related-topic>
<site title="Age" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/preparing-for-surgery/risks/age/">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anesthesia-types.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anesthesia-types.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anesthesia-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anesthesia-basics.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia - what to ask your doctor - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000183.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000183.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia - what to ask your doctor - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000184.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000184.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia -- What to Expect (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anesthesia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anesthesia.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia Awareness (Waking Up) During Surgery" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/preparing-for-surgery/risks/waking-up-during-surgery/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia Recovery" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/preparing-for-surgery/recovery/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia: What to Expect (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anesthesia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anesthesia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anesthesia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Anesthesia&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conscious sedation for surgical procedures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007409.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF leak" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Effects of Anesthesia" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/anesthesia-101/effects-of-anesthesia/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural block - pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000484.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural Injections" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="General anesthesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007410.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Anesthesia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/anesthesia/about/pac-20384568?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Kids Get Ready for Surgery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anesthesia-prepare.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anesthesia-prepare.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herbal and Dietary Supplements and Anesthesia" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ASA_Supplements-Anesthesia_Updated-1.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Labor Pain" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/pain-management/types-of-pain/labor/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malignant hyperthermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001315.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/preparing-for-surgery/risks/obesity/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Outpatient Surgery" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/preparing-for-surgery/procedures/outpatient-surgery/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Sedation" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-pediatric-sedation" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-pediatric-sedation">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for Surgery: Checklist" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/preparing-for-surgery/prep/preparing-for-surgery-checklist/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anesthesia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Role of the Anesthesiologist" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/anesthesia-101/role-of-physician-anesthesiologist/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sedation (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up: Anesthesia and Sedation" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/speak-up-anesthesia-infographic-5-15-2020.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal and epidural anesthesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007413.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Anesthesiologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-anesthesiologist.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Anesthesia?" url="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/anesthesia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/anesthesia-spanish.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un aneurisma de la aorta es un ensanchamiento anormal de la arteria aorta. Puede ser abdominal o torácico. Síntomas y tratamiento de aneurisma aórtico." title="Aneurisma aórtico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html" id="4932" language="Spanish" date-created="03/09/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurisma&lt;/a&gt; es un ensanchamiento anormal de las paredes de una arteria. Las arterias son vasos sanguíneos que transportan sangre oxigenada desde el corazón hacia otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma crece, puede romperse y provocar un sangrado peligroso e incluso la muerte. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los aneurismas ocurren en la aorta, la arteria principal que va desde el corazón por el pecho y el abdomen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de aneurisma aórtico:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los aneurismas aórticos torácicos: ocurren en la parte de la aorta que pasa por el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los aneurismas aórticos abdominales: ocurren en la parte de la aorta que pasa por el abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas veces los aneurismas se encuentran por accidente durante pruebas hechas por otras razones. Algunas personas tienen un alto riesgo de aneurismas. Es importante que aquellos en alto riesgo se sometan a pruebas, porque los aneurismas pueden desarrollarse y hacerse grandes antes de causar síntoma alguno. Las pruebas se recomiendan a personas de entre 65 y 75 años si tienen antecedentes familiares o si son hombres fumadores. Los médicos usan pruebas de imágenes para encontrar aneurismas. Medicamentos y cirugía son los dos tratamientos principales&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html" id="4931" language="English">Aortic Aneurysm</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html" id="1745">Aneurismas</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras reparación abierta de aneurisma aórtico abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000240.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000240.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras reparación endovascular de aneurisma aórtico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000236.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000236.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurisma aórtico abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000162.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurisma aórtico abdominal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/aneurisma-aortico-abdominal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurisma de la aorta torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001119.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurismas aórticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/aneurismas-aorticos/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/Aneurysm.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disección aórtica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000181.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000181.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Habla con el doctor sobre el aneurisma aórtico abdominal" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/salud-corazon/habla-tu-doctor-aneurisma-aortico-abdominal" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/heart-health/talk-your-doctor-about-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación abierta de aneurisma de la aorta abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007392.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de aneurismas" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-de-aneurismas/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/aneurysm-repair/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación endovascular de aneurisma aórtico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007391.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudoaneurisma: ¿Qué lo causa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/faq-20058420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/FAQ-20058420?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un aneurisma de aorta?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aneurisma-de-aorta" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un aneurisma cerebral es un ensanchamiento de un vaso sanguíneo en el cerebro. Si se rompe puede resultar fatal. Síntomas y tratamiento. " title="Aneurisma cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainaneurysm.html" id="4927" language="Spanish" date-created="08/05/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurisma&lt;/a&gt; cerebral es un ensanchamiento anormal en la pared de una arteria del cerebro. A veces son tan pequeños como una frambuesa. La mayoría de los aneurismas cerebrales no muestra síntomas hasta que se hacen grandes, filtran sangre o se rompen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si un aneurisma cerebral presiona los nervios en su cerebro, puede causar síntomas. Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un párpado caído&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Visión doble u otros cambios en la visión&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Dolor arriba o detrás del ojo&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Una pupila dilatada&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Adormecimiento o debilidad en un lado de la cara o el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tamaño y la ubicación del aneurisma, si está infectado o si se ha roto. Si un aneurisma cerebral se rompe, los síntomas pueden incluir dolor de cabeza súbito, náuseas y vómitos, cuello duro, pérdida del conocimiento y señales de un ataque cerebral. Cualquiera de estos síntomas requiere atención médica urgente. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainaneurysm.html" id="4926" language="English">Brain Aneurysm</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html" id="1745">Aneurismas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cerebro, Aneurisma</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras reparación de aneurisma cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000123.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurisma cerebral" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/brain-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20361483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20361483?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurisma cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000026.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aneurisma en el cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001414.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurismas cerebrales" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/aneurismas-cerebrales" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/cerebral-aneurysms-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003799.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza del tipo trueno" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización de aneurismas y fístulas cerebrales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dc-embol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dc-embol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización endovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007277.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007277.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia subaracnoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000701.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de aneurisma cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007372.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007372.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudoaneurisma: ¿Qué lo causa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/faq-20058420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/FAQ-20058420?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos vasculares endocraneales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/IntracranialVasc" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/IntracranialVasc">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un aneurisma es un ensanchamiento de la pared de una arteria y puede crecer sin síntomas por años. Síntomas y tratamiento de aneurismas." title="Aneurismas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html" id="1745" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Dilatación o abultamiento en las arterias</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un aneurisma es un ensanchamiento anormal de las paredes de una arteria. Las arterias son vasos sanguíneos que transportan sangre oxigenada desde el corazón hacia otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma crece, puede romperse y provocar una hemorragia peligrosa e incluso la muerte. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los aneurismas ocurre en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html"&gt;aorta&lt;/a&gt;, la arteria principal que sale  del corazón y pasa por el pecho y el abdomen. También pueden ocurrir en las arterias del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainaneurysm.html"&gt;cerebro&lt;/a&gt; y otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma cerebral se rompe, produce un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los aneurismas pueden desarrollarse y crecer antes de causar síntomas. Con frecuencia, si se detectan y se tratan anticipadamente, los médicos pueden detener la ruptura de los aneurismas. Para encontrarlos se usan pruebas de imágenes. Muchas veces los aneurismas se encuentran por accidente durante pruebas hechas por otras razones. Los dos tratamientos principales son las medicinas y la cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html" id="141" language="English">Aneurysms</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html" id="4932">Aneurisma aórtico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainaneurysm.html" id="4927">Aneurisma cerebral</related-topic>
<site title="Aneurisma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001122.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización de aneurismas y fístulas cerebrales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dc-embol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dc-embol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización transcatéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cathembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/cathembol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios y procedimientos diagnósticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/estudios-y-procedimientos-diagnosticos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diagnostic-tests-and-procedures/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de aneurismas" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-de-aneurismas/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/aneurysm-repair/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudoaneurisma: ¿Qué lo causa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/faq-20058420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/FAQ-20058420?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un aneurisma de aorta?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aneurisma-de-aorta" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An aneurysm is a bulge in the wall of an artery. It can develop and grow for years without causing any symptoms. Learn about tests and treatment." title="Aneurysms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html" id="141" language="English" date-created="08/12/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An aneurysm is a bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body. If an aneurysm grows large, it can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or even death. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most aneurysms occur in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html"&gt;aorta&lt;/a&gt;, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen. Aneurysms also can happen in arteries in the brain, heart and other parts of the body. If an aneurysm in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainaneurysm.html"&gt;brain&lt;/a&gt; bursts, it causes a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aneurysms can develop and become large before causing any symptoms.  Often doctors can stop aneurysms from bursting if they find and treat them early. They use imaging tests to find aneurysms.  Often aneurysms are found by chance during tests done for other reasons.   Medicines and surgery are the two main treatments for aneurysms. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html" id="1745" language="Spanish">Aneurismas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000783">Aneurysm</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html" id="4931">Aortic Aneurysm</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainaneurysm.html" id="4926">Brain Aneurysm</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<site title="Aneurysm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001122.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurysm Repair" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/aneurysm-repair/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-de-aneurismas/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catheter Embolization" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/cathembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cathembol">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aneurysm" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aneurysm%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/patients/glossary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudoaneurysm: What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/FAQ-20058420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/faq-20058420?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurysms, aneurysms" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aneurysm%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is an Aneurysm?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/aortic-aneurysm/what-is-an-aneurysm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Angina is chest pain or discomfort when there is not enough blood flow to your heart muscle. Learn about angina symptoms and treatment." title="Angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html" id="142" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Angina is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest pain&lt;/a&gt; or discomfort you feel when there is not enough blood flow to your heart muscle. Your heart muscle needs the oxygen that the blood carries. Angina may feel like pressure or a squeezing pain in your chest. It may feel like indigestion. You may also feel pain in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Angina is a symptom of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (CAD), the most common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;. CAD happens when a sticky substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, reducing blood flow.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of angina:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stable angina is the most common type. It happens when the heart is working harder than usual. Stable angina has a regular pattern.  Rest and medicines usually help.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unstable angina is the most dangerous. It does not follow a pattern and can happen without physical exertion. It does not go away with rest or medicine. It is a sign that you could have a heart attack soon.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Variant angina is rare. It happens when you are resting. Medicines can help.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not all chest pain or discomfort is angina.  If you have chest pain, you should see your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html" id="1746" language="Spanish">Angina de pecho</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000787">Angina Pectoris</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angina.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html" id="4744">Chest Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276">Coronary Artery Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Syndrome X (Cardiac)</see-reference>
<site title="Acute coronary syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007639.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Coronary Syndrome" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/acute-coronary-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/angina/symptoms-causes/syc-20369373?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/angina/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/angina/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina (Chest Pain)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain" language-mapped-url="http://es.heart.org/dheart/HEARTORG/Conditions/What-is-Angina_UCM_430964_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000089.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000207.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina - when you have chest pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000088.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina in Women Can Be Different than Men" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/angina-in-women-can-be-different-than-men">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina Pectoris (Stable Angina)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/angina-pectoris-stable-angina">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina Treatment: Stents, Drugs, Lifestyle Changes -- What's Best?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/angina-treatment/ART-20046240?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/angina-treatment/art-20046240?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoprotein B100" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003502.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoprotein CII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003505.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Channel Blockers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/ART-20047605?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/art-20047605?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Angina Pectoris" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Angina+Pectoris%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Microvascular Angina" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Microvascular+Angina%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003876.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary artery spasm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000159.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics" url="https://www.heart.org/en/about-us/heart-and-stroke-association-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Information Center" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with heart disease and angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microvascular Angina" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/microvascular-angina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nitrates" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitrates/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitratos/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prinzmetal's or Prinzmetal Angina, Variant Angina, and Angina Inversa" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/prinzmetals-angina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angina+Pectoris%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radionuclide Ventriculography or Radionuclide Angiography (MUGA Scan)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/diagnosing-a-heart-attack/radionuclide-ventriculography-or-radionuclide-angiography-muga-scan">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stable angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000198.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/transmyocardial-laser-revascularization/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/revascularizacion-transmiocardica-con-laser-rtml/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Troponin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/troponin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-troponina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Unstable Angina" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/unstable-angina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Unstable angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000201.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Coronary Artery Spasm?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/angina/expert-answers/coronary-artery-spasm/FAQ-20058316?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/angina/expert-answers/coronary-artery-spasm/faq-20058316?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Angina?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/angina" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/angina">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La angina de pecho es dolor o molestia cuando no hay suficiente flujo de sangre al corazón. Síntomas y tratamiento de la angina de pecho." title="Angina de pecho" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html" id="1746" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La angina es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor o molestia en el pecho&lt;/a&gt; que se siente cuando no hay suficiente irrigación sanguínea al músculo cardiaco. Este músculo cardiaco necesita el oxigeno que transporta la sangre. La angina puede sentirse como una presión o un dolor opresivo en el pecho. Puede parecerse a una indigestión. También puede haber dolor en los hombros, los brazos, el cuello, la mandíbula o la espalda. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La angina es un síntoma de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;, la enfermedad cardiaca más común. Esta ocurre cuando una sustancia llamada placa se acumula en las arterias que llevan la sangre al corazón, reduciendo el flujo sanguíneo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos de angina: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Angina estable es la más común. Ocurre cuando el corazón trabaja más fuerte que lo usual. La angina estable tiene un patrón regular. Se trata con descanso y medicinas. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Angina inestable es la más peligrosa. No sigue un patrón y puede ocurrir sin hacer algún esfuerzo físico. No desaparece espontáneamente con el reposo o las medicinas. Es una señal de que podría ocurrir un infarto luego.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La angina variable es la menos común. Ocurre cuando está descansando. Se trata con medicinas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todas las molestias o los dolores en el pecho son angina. Si se le presenta un dolor torácico, debe consultar a un profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html" id="142" language="English">Angina</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html" id="4745">Dolor de pecho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000089.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/angina" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/angina">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angina cuando se presenta dolor torácico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000088.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina de pecho" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/angina-de-pecho/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/Angina.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina estable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000198.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina inestable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000201.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angina: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000207.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003876.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoproteína B100" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003502.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoproteína CII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003505.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Betabloqueantes" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/betabloqueantes/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueadores de los canales de calcio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/art-20047605?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/ART-20047605?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Bloqueantes cálcicos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/bloqueantes-calcicos/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Meds/calcmeds.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007150.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmo de la arteria coronaria" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/espasmo-de-la-arteria-coronaria/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/CoronaryArterySpasm.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmo de la arteria coronaria: ¿Un motivo para preocuparse?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/angina/expert-answers/coronary-artery-spasm/faq-20058316?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/angina/expert-answers/coronary-artery-spasm/FAQ-20058316?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmo de las arterias coronarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000159.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nitratos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitratos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitrates/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de troponina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-troponina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/troponin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Revascularización transmiocárdica con láser (RTML)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/revascularizacion-transmiocardica-con-laser-rtml/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/transmyocardial-laser-revascularization/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome coronario agudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007639.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la angina de pecho: Stents, medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida. ¿Cuál es óptimo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/angina-treatment/art-20046240?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/angina-treatment/ART-20046240?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con cardiopatía y angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Angioplasty is a procedure to restore blood flow through narrow or blocked arteries. Learn about how stents and angioplasty work." title="Angioplasty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" id="3167" language="English" date-created="03/10/2003">
<also-called>Balloon angioplasty</also-called>
<also-called>Coronary angioplasty</also-called>
<also-called>Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is angioplasty?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Angioplasty is a procedure to improve blood flow in coronary arteries that have become narrow or blocked. Your coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;, a sticky material called plaque builds up in the coronary arteries. Plaque is made of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, calcium, and other substances in your blood. Over time, it can narrow your arteries or fully block them. When this happens, some parts of your heart don't get enough blood.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Angioplasty widens the blocked part of the artery so more blood can get through. It is also called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What conditions does angioplasty treat?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Doctors use angioplasty to:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduce &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest pain&lt;/a&gt; from blockages in the coronary arteries.&lt;/strong&gt; This type of pain is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt;. There are different types of angina. Angioplasty treats certain types.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limit damage to the heart during or right after a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; In this case, angioplasty is an emergency treatment.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Angioplasty does not cure coronary artery disease. To help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;prevent more plaque blockages&lt;/a&gt;, you'll need to take any prescribed medicines, eat healthy foods, and get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular exercise&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens during angioplasty?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people have angioplasties in a hospital in a special room called a cardiac catheterization, or cath, lab. You will be awake and lying down. You'll get medicine to help you relax through an intravenous (IV) line. This is a small tube that goes into a vein in your hand or arm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Angioplasty is done through a blood vessel in your arm, wrist, or groin. Your doctor will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Make a small opening in that area to insert a thin tube (a catheter) into a blood vessel.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Thread the tube through the vessel to your heart, using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt; as a guide.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Inject contrast dye inside your arteries. The dye highlights your heart and blood vessels in the x-rays.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Replace the first tube with another one that has a small, deflated balloon on the end.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Guide the balloon inside the blockage and inflate it to push the plaque flat against the artery wall. This makes the artery wider and improves blood flow.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Sometimes put a small, mesh tube into the artery to help keep it open. The tube is called a stent. Some stents have a coating of medicine that helps prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt; from forming.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens after an angioplasty?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you had an angioplasty for chest pain, you'll go to a recovery room for a few hours. You may stay in the hospital overnight. Your doctor will probably prescribe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;medicines to prevent blood clots&lt;/a&gt;. Most people can return to their usual activities after a week.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you had an emergency angioplasty for a heart attack, you'll need to stay in the hospital for about a few more days.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Are there any risks from angioplasty?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Angioplasty is very safe. You may get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruise&lt;/a&gt;, feel sore, or have some bleeding where the tubes were inserted. More serious problems don't happen very often, but they are possible. They can include serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;, blood clots, and narrowing of the artery again.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" id="3168" language="Spanish">Angioplastía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017130">Angioplasty</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/angioplasty.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400">Atherosclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202">Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276">Coronary Artery Disease</related-topic>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent - heart - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent placement - heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007473.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and Vascular Stenting" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioplasty">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Balloon angioplasty - short segment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000008.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Angioplasty" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=angioplasty&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary artery balloon angioplasty - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100160_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100160_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Disease: Angioplasty or Bypass Surgery?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/FAQ-20058302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/faq-20058302?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directional coronary atherectomy (DCA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000042.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug-Eluting Stents: Do They Increase Heart Attack Risk?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/ART-20044911?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/art-20044911?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Information Center" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Procedures and Surgeries" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack/cardiac-procedures-and-surgeries">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Treatments" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000096.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Angioplasty%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002303.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Stents?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stents" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/endoprotesis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cardiac Catheterization" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-catheterization" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cateterismo-cardiaco">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La angioplastía es una cirugía para restaurar el flujo de sangre en arterias bloqueadas o estrechas. Entérese sobre stent cardiaco." title="Angioplastía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" id="3168" language="Spanish" date-created="11/04/2003">
<also-called>Angioplastia de arteria coronaria</also-called>
<also-called>Angioplastía coronaria</also-called>
<also-called>Dilatación de las arterias del corazón</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la angioplastia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La angioplastia es un procedimiento que permite mejorar el flujo sanguíneo en arterias coronarias estrechas o bloqueadas. Las arterias coronarias suministran sangre rica en oxígeno al corazón. Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;, un material pegajoso llamado placa se acumula en ellas. La placa está formada por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, calcio y otras sustancias en la sangre. Con el tiempo, puede estrechar las arterias o bloquearlas por completo. Cuando esto ocurre, algunas partes de su corazón no reciben suficiente sangre.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La angioplastia ensancha la parte bloqueada de la arteria para que pueda pasar más sangre. También se conoce como intervención coronaria percutánea.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué afecciones trata la angioplastia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud usan la angioplastia para:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reducir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt; por obstrucciones en las arterias coronarias&lt;/strong&gt;: Este tipo de dolor se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt;. Existen diferentes tipos de angina. La angioplastia trata ciertos tipos&lt;/li&gt;
  
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitar el daño al corazón durante o inmediatamente después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: En este caso, la angioplastia es un tratamiento de emergencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La angioplastia no cura la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Para ayudar a prevenir más bloqueos por la placa, deberá tomar medicamentos recetados, alimentarse sanamente y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;hacer ejercicio&lt;/a&gt; con regularidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿En qué consiste la angioplastia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas se someten a angioplastias en una sala especial de hospital llamada laboratorio de cateterismo cardíaco o cateterismo. Usted estará despierto y acostado. Recibirá un medicamento para ayudarle a relajarse por vía intravenosa. Este es un pequeño tubo que se introduce en una vena de su mano o brazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La angioplastia se realiza a través de un vaso sanguíneo en su brazo, muñeca o ingle. Su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hace una pequeña abertura en esa área para insertar un tubo delgado (un catéter) en un vaso sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pasa el tubo a través del vaso hasta su corazón, usando rayos X para guiarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inyecta un medio de contraste en sus arterias. El tinte resalta su corazón y vasos sanguíneos en las radiografías&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reemplaza el primer tubo con otro que tenga un pequeño globo desinflado en un extremo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Guía el globo hasta el bloqueo y lo infla para empujar la placa contra la pared de la arteria. Esto la ensancha, mejorando el flujo sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En ocasiones, coloca un pequeño tubo con una malla en la arteria para ayudar a mantenerla abierta. El tubo se conoce como stent. Algunos stents tienen una capa con medicamento para ayudar a prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre después de una angioplastia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si se sometió a una angioplastia para el dolor de pecho, estará en una sala de recuperación durante unas horas. Es posible que pase la noche en el hospital. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;prevenir la formación de coágulos&lt;/a&gt; de sangre. La mayoría de las personas pueden volver a sus actividades normales después de una semana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si se sometió a una angioplastia de emergencia por un ataque cardíaco, deberá permanecer en el hospital algunos días más.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Tiene algún riesgo de la angioplastia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La angioplastia es muy segura. Puede tener un hematoma, sentir dolor o sangrado en el lugar donde se insertaron los tubos. Los problemas más graves no ocurren muy a menudo, pero son posibles. Pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;sangrado &lt;/a&gt; grave, coágulos de sangre y nuevo estrechamiento de la arteria.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" id="3167" language="English">Angioplasty</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html" id="5401">Ateroesclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233">Bypass de la arteria coronaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras angioplastia y colocación de stent en el corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia con balón - segmento corto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000008.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia con balón y colocación de stents" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/angioplastia-con-balon-y-colocacion-de-stents-2/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Proced/angioplasty.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia coronaria con balón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100160_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100160_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea (ACTP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000096.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia y colocación de stent en el corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007473.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía y stent vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioplasty" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arterectomía coronaria direccional (ACD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000042.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: ¿Angioplastia o cirugía de bypass?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/faq-20058302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/FAQ-20058302?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002303.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stents liberadores de medicamentos: ¿Aumentan el riesgo de ataque cardíaco?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/art-20044911?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/ART-20044911?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido intravascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ultrasonido-intravascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/intravascular-ultrasound/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido intravascular cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007266.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la intervención coronaria percutánea?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/node/4659">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cateterismo cardíaco?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cateterismo-cardiaco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-catheterization">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las endoprótesis (stents)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/endoprotesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stents">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Wild animals might attack if they are threatened or acting protective. Attacks by pets are more common. Learn how to avoid both types of animal bites." title="Animal Bites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html" id="161" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<also-called>Cat bites</also-called>
<also-called>Dog bites</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Wild animals usually avoid people. They might attack, however, if they feel threatened, are sick, or are protecting their young or territory. Attacks by pets are more common. Animal bites rarely are life-threatening, but if they become infected, you can develop serious medical problems. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent animal bites and complications from bites:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Never pet, handle, or feed unknown animals &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Leave snakes alone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Watch your children closely around animals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vaccinate your cats, ferrets, and dogs against &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html"&gt;rabies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Spay or neuter your dog to make it less aggressive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html"&gt;tetanus&lt;/a&gt; booster if you have not had one recently&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Wear boots and long pants when you are in areas with venomous snakes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If an animal bites you, clean the wound with soap and water as soon as possible. Get medical attention if necessary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html" id="1775" language="Spanish">Mordeduras de animales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001733">Bites and Stings</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/animalbites.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4055">Animal Diseases and Your Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/catscratchdisease.html" id="4320">Cat Scratch Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html" id="526">Insect Bites and Stings</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html" id="3229">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html" id="523">Rabies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spiderbites.html" id="5249">Spider Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html" id="1645">Tick Bites</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cat Bites</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dog Bites</see-reference>
<see-reference>Snake Bites</see-reference>
<site title="Animal bite - first aid - series--Procedure, part 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100214_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100214_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Animal bites - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000734.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000734.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Animal Bites: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/ART-20056591?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/art-20056591?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cat and Dog Bites" url="https://familydoctor.org/cat-and-dog-bites/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/mordeduras-de-gatos-y-de-perros/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bites and Stings" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bites+and+Stings%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Snake Bites" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Snake+Bites%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dog Bite Prevention" url="https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/dog-bite-prevention">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jellyfish Stings, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-jellyfish-stings?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marine animal stings or bites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000032.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Animal Bites" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bites+and+Stings%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scorpion fish sting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002849.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scorpions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002850.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snake bites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000031.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snakebites: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-snake-bites/basics/ART-20056681?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-snake-bites/basics/art-20056681?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stingray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002853.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stonefish sting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002854.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Zoonotic Exposures -- Bites, Stings, Scratches, and Other Hazards" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/zoonotic-exposures-bites-stings-scratches-and-other-hazards">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Animal Bites" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/pages/treatment-for-animal-bites.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/treatment-for-animal-bites.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venomous snakes - series -- Rattlesnake" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100138_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100138_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You may know that some animal diseases can have an effect on humans. Find out more about animal diseases and your health. " title="Animal Diseases and Your Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4055" language="English" date-created="12/29/2004">
<also-called>Zoonoses</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Animal diseases that people can catch are called zoonoses.   Many diseases affecting humans can be traced to animals or animal products. You can get a disease directly from an animal, or indirectly, through the environment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Farm animals can carry diseases. If you touch them or things they have touched, like fencing or buckets, wash your hands thoroughly. Adults should make sure children who visit farms or petting zoos wash up as well. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Though they may be cute and cuddly, wild animals may carry germs, viruses, and parasites. Deer and deer mice carry ticks that cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html"&gt;Lyme disease&lt;/a&gt;. Some wild animals may carry &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html"&gt;rabies&lt;/a&gt;. Enjoy wildlife from a distance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pethealth.html"&gt;Pets&lt;/a&gt; can also make you sick. Reptiles pose a particular risk. Turtles, snakes and iguanas can transmit &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html"&gt;Salmonella&lt;/a&gt; bacteria to their owners. You can get rabies from an infected dog or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt; from handling kitty litter of an infected cat. The chance that your dog or cat will make you sick is small. You can reduce the risk by practicing good hygiene, keeping pet areas clean and keeping your pets' shots up-to-date. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4056" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los animales y su salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015047">Zoonoses</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birdflu.html" id="4198">Bird Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/catscratchdisease.html" id="4320">Cat Scratch Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1242">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5188">H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html" id="84">Lyme Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html" id="3229">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pethealth.html" id="1399">Pet Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html" id="523">Rabies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html" id="1214">Toxoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html" id="1377">West Nile Virus</related-topic>
<see-reference>Animal Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zoonoses</see-reference>
<site title="About Bat Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu-in-animals/about/bat-flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/other/bat-flu.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avian Influenza" url="https://www.osha.gov/avian-flu">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Backyard Poultry" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/backyard-poultry.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birds (Pets)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/birds.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brucellosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000597.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/cats.htmL">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Features of Zoonotic Hookworm" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zoonotic-hookworm/hcp/clinical-features/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controlling Wild Rodent Infestations" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/rodent-control/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 and Animals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/animals.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/animals.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creeping eruption" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001454.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disease Risks for People at Dog Social Events" url="https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/disease-risks-people-dog-social-events">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dogs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/dogs.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Diseases that Can Spread between Animals and People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/diseases/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farm Animals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/farm-animals.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/horses.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infections that Pets Can Spread" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pet-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pet-infections.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Facts about Tularemia" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/tularemia/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="People at Increased Risk for Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pets and Pasteurella Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/pages/Pets-and-Pasteurella-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/pets-and-pasteurella-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pets and the immunocompromised person" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003967.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Rabies from Bats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/prevention/bats.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psittacosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000088.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Animal Diseases and Your Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zoonoses%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rat-bite fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001348.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000856.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visceral larva migrans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000633.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ways to Stay Healthy Around Animals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ankle injuries and ankle disorders can affect tendons and cartilage. Learn about different kinds of ankle problems including sprains and fractures." title="Ankle Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1612" language="English" date-created="04/01/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your ankle bone and the ends of your two lower leg bones make up the ankle joint. Your ligaments, which connect bones to one another, stabilize and support it. Your muscles and tendons move it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common ankle problems are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;sprains&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones). A sprain is an injury to the ligaments. It may take a few weeks to many months to heal completely.  A fracture is a break in a bone.  You can also injure other parts of the ankle such as tendons, which join muscles to bone, and cartilage, which cushions your joints. Ankle sprains and fractures are common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1747" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016512">Ankle Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064386">Ankle Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html" id="417">Sprains and Strains</related-topic>
<site title="American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society" url="https://www.aofas.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle arthroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007584.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Cheilectomy" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/ankle-cheilectomy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle fracture - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000548.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Fractures" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ankle-fractures-broken-ankle/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Fractures Often Not Diagnosed" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/ankle-fractures-often-not-diagnosed">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003167.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/ankle-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050796?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/ankle-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-tobillos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007254.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007254.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle replacement - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000190.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle sprain - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle sprain - Series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100209_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100209_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Sprain Treatment" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/Pages/Ankle-Sprain-Treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/paginas/ankle-sprain-treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Healing" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Ankle Instability" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Lateral Ankle Pain" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/chronic-lateral-ankle-pain">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ankle Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ankle+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distraction Arthroplasty" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/injections-and-other-treatments/distraction-arthroplasty">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgeon" url="https://www.aofas.org/find-a-foot-and-ankle-orthopaedic-surgeon">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot and Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/foot-and-ankle-conditioning-program/foot-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot, leg, and ankle swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003104.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary of Foot and Ankle Terms" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Strengthen Your Ankle After a Sprain" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-strengthen-your-ankle-after-a-sprain">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stretch Your Ankle after a Sprain" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-stretch-your-ankle-after-a-sprain">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Tape an Ankle" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-tape-an-ankle">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint and Soft Tissue Injections" url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007357.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg Swelling" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/SYM-20050910?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/sym-20050910?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Os Trigonum Syndrome" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/os-trigonum-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/os-trigonum-syndrome?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis of the Foot and Ankle" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peroneal Tendon Injuries" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ankle+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Ankle+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Search the Foot and Ankle Conditions: Interactive Foot Diagram" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/foot-ankle-conditions/search-the-foot-ankle">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus Tarsi Syndrome" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/sinus-tarsi">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Bone Healing - A Risky Surgical Combination" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/smoking-and-bone-healing-%E2%80%93-a-risky-surgical-combin">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sprained Ankles" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Sprained-Ankles.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/paginas/sprained-ankles.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sprains, Strains and Fractures" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=982">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subtalar Arthroscopy" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/subtalar-arthroscopy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talar Dome Lesion" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/talar-dome-lesion" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/talar-dome-lesion?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Foot and Ankle Surgeon?" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/what-is-a-foot-and-ankle-surgeon" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/what-is-a-foot-and-ankle-surgeon?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Ankle" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-ankle.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-ankle.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis. It causes inflammation between vertebrae and in the joints between spine and pelvis. Learn more." title="Ankylosing Spondylitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="143" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<also-called>Rheumatoid spondylitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt; of the spine. It causes inflammation between your vertebrae, which are the bones that make up your spine, and in the joints between your spine and pelvis. In some people, it can affect other joints.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;AS is more common and more severe in men. It often runs in families. The cause is unknown, but it is likely that both genes and factors in the environment play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Early symptoms of AS include back pain and stiffness. These problems often start in late adolescence or early adulthood. Over time, AS can fuse your vertebrae together, limiting movement. Some people have symptoms that come and go. Others have severe, ongoing pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A diagnosis of AS is based on your medical history and a physical examination. You may also have imaging or blood tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AS has no cure, but medicines can relieve symptoms and may keep the disease from getting worse. Eating a healthy diet, not smoking, and exercising can also help. In rare cases, you may need surgery to straighten the spine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="1748" language="Spanish">Espondilitis anquilosante</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013167">Spondylitis, Ankylosing</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232">Rheumatoid Arthritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Rheumatoid Spondylitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Spondylitis, Ankylosing</see-reference>
<site title="Ankylosing spondylitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000420.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankylosing Spondylitis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ankylosing-spondylitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ankylosing spondylitis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ankylosing-spondylitis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spondylitis, Ankylosing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spondylitis,+Ankylosing%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="HLA-B27 antigen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003551.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Integrative Medicine" url="https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/treatment-information/integrative-medicine/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Spondylitis Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/nsaids-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/aines-medicamentos-antiinflamatorios-no-esteroides">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Ankylosing Spondylitis" url="https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/overview-of-spondyloarthritis/ankylosing-spondylitis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Spondylitis Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankylosing Spondylitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Spondylitis%2C+Ankylosing%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloarthritis and Exercise" url="https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/treatment-information/exercise/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Spondylitis Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uveitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las anomalías craneofaciales son defectos de nacimiento de la cara o cabeza, como el labio y paladar leporino. " title="Anomalías craneofaciales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5758" language="Spanish" date-created="01/24/2011">
<also-called>Deformidades de la cara y la cabeza</also-called>
<also-called>Deformidades dentofaciales</also-called>
<also-called>Deformidades faciales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La palabra craneofacial es un término médico que está relacionado con los huesos del cráneo y de la cara. Las anomalías craneofaciales son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos de nacimiento&lt;/a&gt; de la cara o de la cabeza. Algunos defectos, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;labio y paladar leporino&lt;/a&gt;, son los más comunes de todos los defectos congénitos. Otros son muy raros. La mayoría de estas anomalías afectan el aspecto de la cara o de la cabeza. Estos problemas pueden afectar otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tipo de problema. La cirugía plástica y reconstructiva puede cambiar la apariencia de una persona.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5757" language="English">Craniofacial Abnormalities</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="1825">Labio leporino y paladar hendido</related-topic>
<see-reference>Deformidades de la cara y la cabeza</see-reference>
<see-reference>Deformidades dentofaciales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Deformidades faciales</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de reparación de craneosinostosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000067.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneosinostosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001590.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cresta metópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003312.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disostosis cleidocraneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001589.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forma de la cabeza del bebé: ¿Causa de preocupación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incremento del perímetro cefálico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003305.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micrognacia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003306.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003306.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microsomía hemifacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-microsomia-hemifacial" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hemifacial-microsomia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños con asimetría facial" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/cleft-craniofacial/paginas/children-with-facial-asymmetry.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prognatismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003026.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción cráneofacial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100058_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100058_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción de la cabeza y la cara" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002980.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002980.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de craneosinostosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007364.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surco nasolabial corto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003302.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suturas con reborde" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003308.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome cardio-facio-cutáneo" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12554/sindrome-cardio-facio-cutaneo/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Apert" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001581.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de cabeza plana (plagiocefalia posicional)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Glass-Chapman-Hockley" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12611/sindrome-de-glass-chapman-hockley/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Goldenhar" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12462/sindrome-de-goldenhar/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11856/sindrome-de-noonan/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001656.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Opitz G/BBB" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11990/sindrome-de-opitz-gbbb/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Pierre Robin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001607.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Treacher-Collins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001659.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC (tomografía computarizada) pediátrica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pedia-ct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pedia-ct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es normal sentir ansiedad a veces, pero puede necesitar ayuda médica si sufre ataques severos. Entérese sobre síntomas y transtornos de ansiedad." title="Ansiedad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html" id="1752" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Miedo</also-called>
<also-called>Nerviosismo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La ansiedad es un sentimiento de miedo, temor e inquietud. Puede hacer que sude, se sienta inquieto y tenso, y tener palpitaciones. Puede ser una reacción normal al estrés. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse ansioso cuando se enfrenta a un problema difícil en el trabajo, antes de tomar un examen o antes de tomar una decisión importante. Si bien la ansiedad puede ayudar a enfrentar una situación, además de darle un impulso de energía o ayudarle a concentrarse, para las personas con trastornos de ansiedad el miedo no es temporal y puede ser abrumadora.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos de ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de ansiedad son afecciones en las que la ansiedad no desaparece y puede empeorar con el tiempo. Los síntomas pueden interferir con las actividades diarias, como el desempeño en el trabajo, la escuela y las relaciones entre personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con este trastorno se preocupan por problemas comunes como la salud, el dinero, el trabajo y la familia. Pero sus preocupaciones son excesivas y las tienen casi todos los días durante al menos 6 meses&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html"&gt;Trastorno de pánico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con trastorno de pánico sufren de ataques de pánico. Estos son repentinos y repetidos momentos de miedo intenso sin haber un peligro aparente. Los ataques se producen rápidamente y pueden durar varios minutos o más&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html"&gt;Fobias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con fobias tienen un miedo intenso a algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real. Su miedo puede ser por arañas, volar, ir a lugares concurridos o estar en situaciones sociales (conocida como ansiedad social)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa los trastornos de ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la ansiedad. Factores como la genética, la biología y química del cerebro, el estrés y su entorno pueden tener un rol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastornos de ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo para los diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden variar. Por ejemplo, el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y las fobias son más comunes en las mujeres, pero la ansiedad social afecta a hombres y mujeres por igual. Existen algunos factores de riesgo generales para todos los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos rasgos de personalidad, como ser tímido o retraído cuando está en situaciones nuevas o conoce personas nuevas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eventos traumáticos en la primera infancia o la edad adulta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antecedentes familiares de ansiedad u otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastornos mentales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunas afecciones de salud física, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;problemas de tiroides&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden tener síntomas diferentes. Pero todos muestran una combinación de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pensamientos o creencias ansiosos difíciles de controlar: Le hacen sentir inquieto y tenso e interfieren con su vida diaria. No desaparecen y pueden empeorar con el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Síntomas físicos, como latidos cardíacos fuertes o rápidos, dolores y molestias inexplicables, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareos &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;falta de aire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en el comportamiento, como evitar las actividades cotidianas que solía hacer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;El uso de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;, otras sustancias y ciertos medicamentos pueden empeorar sus síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar los trastornos de ansiedad, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historial médico. También es posible que le hagan un examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio para verificar que otro problema de salud no sea la causa de sus síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no tiene otro problema de salud, recibirá una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/"&gt;evaluación psicológica&lt;/a&gt;. Su proveedor puede hacerlo, o puede ser derivado a un profesional de salud mental para ello.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los principales tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad son psicoterapia (terapia de conversación), medicamentos o ambos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psicoterapia&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ayudar a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y conductas preocupantes. Para que sea eficaz, debe centrarse en sus ansiedades y necesidades específicas. Hay muchos tipos; Algunos de los tipos utilizados para los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia cognitivo-conductual&lt;/strong&gt;: Enseña diferentes formas de pensar y comportarse. Puede ayudarle a cambiar su forma de reaccionar ante las cosas que le provocan miedo y ansiedad. Puede incluir terapia de exposición, la que se enfoca en hacer que usted enfrente sus miedos para que pueda hacer las cosas que había estado evitando&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de aceptación y compromiso&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ayudar con algunos trastornos de ansiedad. Utiliza estrategias como la atención plena y el establecimiento de objetivos para reducir el malestar y la ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para tratar los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen medicamentos contra la ansiedad y ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos tipos de medicamentos pueden funcionar mejor para tipos específicos de trastornos de ansiedad. Debe comunicarse bien con su profesional de la salud para identificar qué medicamento es mejor para usted. Es posible que deba probar más de un medicamento antes de encontrar el correcto&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los grupos de apoyo y las técnicas de manejo del estrés también pueden resultar útiles.&lt;/p&gt;






&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html" id="144" language="English">Anxiety</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html" id="2175">Estrés</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html" id="2089">Fobias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html" id="2076">Trastorno de pánico</related-topic>
<site title="Agitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003212.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anxiety.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad ante los exámenes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/test-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/test-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad de separación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad perinatal" url="https://www.postpartum.net/es/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety" language-mapped-url="https://www.postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Apoyo Internacional para el Posparto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad por la separación en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001542.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad relacionada con las inundaciones" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/ansiedad-inundaciones?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a los niños cuando se preocupan" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/worrying.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/worrying.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios del apoyo sicológico durante el embarazo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/beneficios-del-apoyo-sicologico-durante-el-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/05/benefits-counseling-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cinco formas de afrontar la ansiedad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anxiety-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anxiety-tips.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuatro tipos comunes de trastornos de ansiedad" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuatro-tipos-comunes-de-trastornos-de-ansiedad" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-types-of-common-anxiety-disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos: Miedo y ansiedad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000685.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la ansiedad causada por los exámenes médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la ansiedad: ¿Puede la alimentación marcar una diferencia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/coping-with-anxiety/faq-20057987?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/coping-with-anxiety/FAQ-20057987?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a su hijo a gestionar la ansiedad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/manage-anxiety-video.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/manage-anxiety-video.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a una persona con ansiedad" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-ayudar-a-una-persona-con-ansiedad" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-help-someone-with-anxiety">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión y ansiedad: Hacer ejercicio puede aliviar los síntomas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression-and-exercise/art-20046495?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression-and-exercise/ART-20046495?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender los trastornos de ansiedad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entender-los-trastornos-de-ansiedad" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/03/understanding-anxiety-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y su salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003211.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la ansiedad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000917_72.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000917_12.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperventilación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003071.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Los adolescentes y el estrés: cuando es más que una preocupación" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-y-el-estres" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-and-stress-when-its-more-than-worry">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareo por ansiedad" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/anxiety_dizziness_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miedos y preocupaciones de la infancia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y la ansiedad" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/las-mujeres-y-la-ansiedad-women-and-anxiety" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-anxiety">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Más allá de los juegos: Usar la realidad virtual para mejorar la salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-juegos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niño ansioso" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Nino-Ansioso-047.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/the_anxious_child">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia y orientación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/psicoterapia-cognitiva/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/therapy-and-counseling/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-de-ansiedad-generalizada-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/generalized-anxiety-disorder/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000917.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007687.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada: Cuando no se puede controlar la preocupación" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-ansiedad-generalizada-cuando-no-se-pueden-controlar-las-preocupaciones-new" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de ansiedad" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/anxiety-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/anxiety-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de ansiedad" url="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Images/FactSheets/Spanish_Anxiety_(trastornos-de-ansiedad).pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de ansiedad (para los padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anxiety-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety-disorders.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la ansiedad: El papel de la psicoterapia en el tratamiento eficaz" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/tratamiento?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/disorders?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento a base de hierbas para la ansiedad: ¿Es eficaz?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/herbal-treatment-for-anxiety/faq-20057945?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/herbal-treatment-for-anxiety/FAQ-20057945?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tres pasos para preocuparte menos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/worry-less.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/worry-less.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tan bien está manejando su estrés?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003211_73.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003211_13.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Usted puede necesitar anteojos o lentes de contacto para corregir problemas a la vista, o gafas de seguridad o lentes de sol para proteger sus ojos." title="Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html" id="1896" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los anteojos protegen la vista o la corrigen. Algunos ejemplos son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Gafas de sol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Gafas de seguridad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Anteojos ópticos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lentes de contacto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si necesita lentes para corregirle la vista, es posible que pueda elegir entre lentes de contacto o anteojos Por lo general, requieren una receta médica. Casi cualquier persona puede usar anteojos. Los lentes de contacto requieren un manejo más cuidadoso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos trabajos y algunos deportes conllevan un riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones oculares&lt;/a&gt;. Miles de niños y adultos se lesionan los ojos cada año. La mayoría se puede prevenir con protección adecuada para los ojos. Todas las personas tienen riesgo de sufrir daños en los ojos por el sol durante todo el año. Es importante usar gafas de sol con regularidad que bloqueen al menos el 99% de los rayos ultravioleta (UV).&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html" id="201" language="English">Eye Wear</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html" id="2122">Errores de refracción</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lentes de contacto</see-reference>
<see-reference>Protección ocular</see-reference>
<site title="Anteojos o gafas protectoras" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/anteojos-gafas-protectoras" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-protective-eyewear">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para elegir las mejores gafas de sol" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/anteojos-lentes-de-contacto/anteojos-de-sol" language-mapped-url="http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/glasses-contacts-lasik/sunglasses.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para mantenerse seguro bajo el sol: Desde la protección solar hasta las gafas de sol" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consejos-para-mantenerse-seguro-bajo-el-sol-desde-la-proteccion-solar-hasta-las-gafas-de-sol" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-stay-safe-sun-sunscreen-sunglasses">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los lentes de contacto" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/cuidado-de-los-lentes-de-contacto-contact-lens-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/contact-lens-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir anteojos para corrección de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/anteojos-lentes-de-contacto/anteojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/glasses">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento y los ojos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Importancia de la seguridad de los lentes de contacto" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-importancia-de-la-seguridad-de-los-lentes-de-contacto" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/focusing-contact-lens-safety">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones relacionadas con el uso de lentes de contacto" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/infecciones-relacionadas-con-lentes-de-contacto-2" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/contact-lens-related-eye-infections">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lentes de contacto" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/anteojos-lentes-de-contacto/lentes-de-contacto" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/contact-lens-102">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lentes de contacto ralentizan la miopía en los niños" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-lentes-de-contacto-ralentizan-la-miopia-en-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/10/contact-lenses-slow-childrens-nearsightedness">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber si su hijo quiere usar lentes de contacto" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-si-su-hijo-quiere-lentes-de-contacto" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-know-if-your-child-wants-contact-lenses">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necesita una receta médica para adquirir lentes de contacto cosméticos y &quot;de colores&quot;" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/se-necesita-una-receta-medica-para-adquirir-lentes-de-contacto-cosmeticos-y-de-colores" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/colored-and-decorative-contact-lenses-prescription-must">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas en mayor riesgo de sufrir daño ocular por rayos UV" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/algunas-personas-estan-en-mayor-riesgo-de-sufrir" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-damage-from-uv-light">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de daño a la vista: Protéjase de la radiación UV" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100GIEY.PDF?Dockey=P100GIEY.PDF">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sol, la luz ultravioleta y sus ojos" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-sol-la-radiacion-uv-y-sus-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/sun">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso seguro de la solución de peróxido de hidrógeno para los lentes de contacto" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-uso-seguro-de-la-solucion-de-peroxido-de-hidrogeno-para-los-lentes-de-contacto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You probably won't have to worry about getting anthrax disease.  We offer information about anthrax symptoms, causes, vaccine, and treatment. " title="Anthrax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anthrax.html" id="1565" language="English" date-created="10/17/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. Many people know about it from the 2001 &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterror&lt;/a&gt; attacks. In the attacks, someone purposely spread anthrax through the U.S. mail. This killed five people and made 22 sick. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anthrax is rare. It affects animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats more often than people. People can get anthrax from contact with infected animals, wool, meat, or hides. It can cause three forms of disease in people. They are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Cutaneous, which affects the skin. People with cuts or open sores can get it if they touch the bacteria. &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Inhalation, which affects the lungs. You can get this if you breathe in spores of the bacteria. &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Gastrointestinal, which affects the digestive system. You can get it by eating infected meat.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics often cure anthrax if it is diagnosed early. But many people don't know they have anthrax until it is too late to treat. A vaccine to prevent anthrax is available for people in the military and others at high risk. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anthrax.html" id="1749" language="Spanish">Ántrax</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D022122">Anthrax Vaccines</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000881">Anthrax</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anthrax.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/anthrax.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550">Biodefense and Bioterrorism</related-topic>
<site title="About Anthrax" url="https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/es/basicos/conceptos-basicos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Anthrax Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/es/atencion-medica/prevencion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anthrax" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/atlas/anthrax?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anthrax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001325.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anthrax" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/anthrax" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-bacterianas-bacterias-grampositivas/carbunco">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anthrax blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003534.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/anthrax.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.immunize.org/vis/spanish_anthrax.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anthrax" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anthrax%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Exposure to Anthrax at Certain Jobs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/prevention/occupational-exposure.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anthrax" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anthrax%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Anthrax+Vaccines%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Antibiotics can save lives. But when they are not used properly they can become less effective. Use them only when necessary to combat antibiotic resistance." title="Antibiotic Resistance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" id="6252" language="English" date-created="05/19/2015">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are antibiotics?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; are medicines that treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterial infections&lt;/a&gt; in humans and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. When used properly, antibiotics can save lives. But there is a growing problem of antibiotic resistance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is antibiotic resistance?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria change and can resist the effects of an antibiotic. The bacteria are not killed, and they continue to grow. The infections these bacteria cause are called resistant infections. Resistant infections can be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to treat. In some cases, they can even be deadly. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antibiotic resistance does &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; mean that your body is resistant to antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of resistant infections. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html"&gt;MRSA&lt;/a&gt; and drug-resistant &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt; (TB). If you get a resistant infection, you might need:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A long hospital stay&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A long recovery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow-up visits with health care providers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treatments that are expensive and may have severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antibiotic resistance is one type of antimicrobial resistance. There are other types; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungi&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasites&lt;/a&gt; can also become resistant to medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibiotic resistance is a natural process that happens over time. To survive, bacteria can develop defense strategies against antibiotics. This happens through genetic changes in the bacteria. These resistant bacteria survive, grow, and spread.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each time you take antibiotics, there is a risk that the bacteria will become resistant. So it is important to only take antibiotics when you really need them. They won't work on viral infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;. And you don't need antibiotics for every bacterial infection. For example, you may not need them for some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html"&gt;sinus&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;ear&lt;/a&gt; infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop an antibiotic-resistant infection?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop an antibiotic-resistant infection, but certain people may be at higher risk, including those who:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakened immune system&lt;/a&gt; from diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or from taking medicines that affect the immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are getting medical care such as surgery and hospital stays&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take antibiotics for a long time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are infants, especially if they were born &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;prematurely&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older adults&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can antibiotic resistance be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There will always be some antibiotic resistance, since it happens naturally. But you can help fight against antibiotic resistance by taking these steps:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't use antibiotics for viruses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't pressure your health care provider to give you an antibiotic if they don't think you need one.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When you take antibiotics, follow the directions carefully.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't share your antibiotics with others.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't save antibiotics for later or use someone else's prescription.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Help prevent the spread of bacterial infections with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good hygiene habits&lt;/a&gt;. These include washing your hands often and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html" id="6253" language="Spanish">Resistencia a los antibióticos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D024881">Drug Resistance, Bacterial</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004352">Drug Resistance, Microbial</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222">Antibiotics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158">Bacterial Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Antimicrobial Resistance</see-reference>
<see-reference>VRE</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</see-reference>
<site title="2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/data-research/threats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Antimicrobial Resistance" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cre/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance" url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/antimicrobial-resistance/animation-antimicrobial-resistance">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic Sensitivity Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibiotic-sensitivity-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sensibilidad-a-los-antibioticos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/data-research/facts-stats/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/sp/should-know.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/buying-using-medicine-safely/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics vs. Bacteria: Fighting the Resistance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/antibiotics-vs-bacteria-fighting-the-resistance/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/antibioticos-versus-bacterias-combatiendo-la-resistencia/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antimicrobial Resistance" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antimicrobial Resistance Threats" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-threats">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antimicrobial Resistance, Food, and Food Animals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/antimicrobial-resistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/challenges/antibiotic-resistance.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antimicrobial Resistance: Causes and How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/causes/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Antibiotic Resistance" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22antibiotic+resistance%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococci%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Combating Antibiotic Resistance" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/combating-antibiotic-resistance">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controlling the Emergence and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Danger of Antibiotic Overuse (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug-Resistant Gonorrhea" url="https://www.cdc.gov/gonorrhea/hcp/drug-resistant/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary (Antibiotics)" url="https://apua.org/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Antibiotic Resistance Happens" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/media/pdfs/how_antibiotic_resistance_happens_508.pdf">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Antibiotic Resistance Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/media/pdfs/how-ar-spreads-p.pdf">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leading Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Diseases" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/leading-antimicrobial-drug-resistant-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/principales-enfermedades-resistentes-a-los-medicamentos-antimicrobianos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic resistance" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Drug+Resistance%2C+Bacterial%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Drug+Resistance%2C+Microbial%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stamping Out Superbugs" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/stamping-out-superbugs" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/eliminar-las-superbacterias">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vre/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000476.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Can Be Done about Antibiotic Resistance?" url="https://apua.org/what-can-be-done">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Antibiotic Resistance?" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2023/11/what-is-antibiotic-resistance/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Used properly, antibiotics can save lives by fighting bacterial infections. Read about how to use antibiotics and about when not to use antibiotics." title="Antibiotics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222" language="English" date-created="12/29/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are antibiotics?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics are medicines that fight &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterial infections&lt;/a&gt; in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics can be taken in different ways:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orally (by mouth). This could be pills, capsules, or liquids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Topically. This might be a cream, spray, or ointment that you put on your skin. It could also be eye ointment, eye drops, or ear drops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through an injection or intravenously (IV). This is usually for more serious infections.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What do antibiotics treat?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics only treat certain bacterial infections, such as strep throat, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html"&gt;E. coli&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may not need to take antibiotics for some bacterial infections. For example, you might not need them for many sinus infections or some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;ear infections&lt;/a&gt;. Taking antibiotics when they're not needed won't help you, and they can have side effects. Your health care provider can decide the best treatment for you when you're sick. Don't ask your provider to prescribe an antibiotic for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Do antibiotics treat viral infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics &lt;strong&gt;do not&lt;/strong&gt; work on viral infections. For example, you shouldn't take antibiotics for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;Colds&lt;/a&gt; and runny noses, even if the mucus is thick, yellow, or green&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Most &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;sore throats&lt;/a&gt; (except strep throat)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;Flu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Most cases of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the side effects of antibiotics?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The side effects of antibiotics range from minor to very severe. Some of the common side effects include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;Rash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;Yeast infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More serious side effects can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html"&gt;C. diff infections&lt;/a&gt;, which cause diarrhea that can lead to severe colon damage and sometimes even death&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe and life-threatening &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;allergic reactions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;Antibiotic resistance infections&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Call your health care provider if you develop any side effects while taking your antibiotic.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why is it important to take antibiotics only when they're needed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You should only take antibiotics when they are needed because they can cause side effects and can contribute to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;Antibiotic resistance infections&lt;/a&gt;. Antibiotic resistance happens when the bacteria change and become able to resist the effects of an antibiotic. This means that the bacteria continue to grow.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I use antibiotics correctly?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;When you take antibiotics, it is important that you take them responsibly:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Always follow the directions carefully. Finish your medicine even if you feel better. If you stop taking them too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't save your antibiotics for later.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't share your antibiotic with others.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't take antibiotics prescribed for someone else. This may delay the best treatment for you, make you even sicker, or cause side effects.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750" language="Spanish">Antibióticos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000900">Anti-Bacterial Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" id="6252">Antibiotic Resistance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158">Bacterial Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<site title="Antibiotic Resistance: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/data-research/facts-stats/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/sp/should-know.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics vs. Bacteria: Fighting the Resistance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/antibiotics-vs-bacteria-fighting-the-resistance/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/antibioticos-versus-bacterias-combatiendo-la-resistencia/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics: When They Can and Can't Help" url="https://familydoctor.org/antibiotic-resistance/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/resistencia-a-los-antibioticos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacitracin overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002563.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacitracin zinc overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002569.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Cold (Acute Bronchitis) Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-bronchitis/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anti-Bacterial Agents" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Danger of Antibiotic Overuse (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ear-infection/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/sp/for-patients/common-illnesses/ear-infection.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu (Influenza)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/flu.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary (Antibiotics)" url="https://apua.org/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Habits: Antibiotic Do's and Don'ts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manage Common Cold" url="https://www.cdc.gov/common-cold/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/sp/for-patients/common-illnesses/colds.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Penicillin Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penicillin Allergy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/penicillin-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/penicillin-allergy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pseudomembranous colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000259.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sensitivity analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003741.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sinus-infection/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Infections" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/skin-infections.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/sp/for-patients/common-illnesses/uti.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Usados en forma correcta, los antibióticos son efectivos contra enfermedades bacterianas. Entérese cuándo se recomienda usar estos medicamentos. " title="Antibióticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los antibióticos son medicamentos que combaten las  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infecciones bacterianas&lt;/a&gt; en personas y animales. Funcionan matando las bacterias o dificultando su crecimiento y multiplicación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los antibióticos se pueden tomar de diferentes maneras:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Por vía oral (por la boca): Pueden ser pastillas, cápsulas o líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tópicamente: Puede aplicarse en crema, aerosol o ungüento que se ponga en la piel. También podría ser un ungüento para los ojos, gotas para los ojos o gotas para los oídos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; A través de una inyección o por vía intravenosa: Esto suele utilizarse para infecciones más graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tratan los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los antibióticos solo tratan ciertas infecciones bacterianas, como amigdalitis estreptocócica, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html"&gt;E. coli&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que no necesite tomar antibióticos para algunas infecciones bacterianas. Por ejemplo, es posible que no los necesite para muchas infecciones sinusales o algunas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;infecciones del oído&lt;/a&gt;. Tomar antibióticos cuando no es necesario no lo ayudará, y pueden tener efectos secundarios. Su profesional de la salud puede determinar el mejor tratamiento para usted cuando esté enfermo. No le pida a su profesional de la salud que le de antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Tratan las infecciones virales los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los antibióticos no funcionan para las infecciones virales. Por ejemplo, no debe tomar antibióticos para:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;Resfriados&lt;/a&gt; y secreción nasal, incluso si la mucosidad es espesa, amarilla o verde&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La mayoría de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;dolores de garganta&lt;/a&gt; (excepto la amigdalitis estreptocócica)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;Gripe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;La mayoría de los casos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;bronquitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los efectos secundarios de los antibióticos varían de leves a muy severos. Algunos de los efectos secundarios comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones por cándida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los efectos secundarios más graves pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cdiffinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones por Clostridium difficile&lt;/a&gt;, las que causan diarrea que puede provocar daños graves en el colon y, a veces, incluso la muerte&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;Reacciones alérgicas&lt;/a&gt; graves y potencialmente mortales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones resistentes a los antibióticos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Consulte con su profesional de la salud si presenta algún efecto secundario mientras toma antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué es importante tomar antibióticos solo cuando es necesario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Solo debe tomar antibióticos cuando sea necesario porque pueden causar efectos secundarios y pueden contribuir a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;resistencia a los antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Esta ocurre cuando la bacteria cambia y puede resistir los efectos de un antibiótico, es decir, las bacterias continúan creciendo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo usar los antibióticos correctamente?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando tome antibióticos, es importante que sea de manera responsable:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Siempre siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente: Termine su tratamiento incluso si se siente mejor. Si deja de tomarlos demasiado pronto, algunas bacterias pueden sobrevivir y volver a infectarle&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No guarde sus antibióticos para después &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No comparta antibióticos con otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No tome antibióticos recetados para otra persona: Esto puede retrasar el mejor tratamiento para usted, enfermarlo aún más o causar efectos secundarios
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;









&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222" language="English">Antibiotics</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html" id="4540">Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html" id="6253">Resistencia a los antibióticos</related-topic>
<site title="Alergia a la penicilina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a la penicilina (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/penicillin-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/penicillin-allergy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibioticos versus Bacterias: Combatiendo la Resistencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/antibioticos-versus-bacterias-combatiendo-la-resistencia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/antibiotics-vs-bacteria-fighting-the-resistance/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibióticos: Cuando pueden y no pueden ayudar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/resistencia-a-los-antibioticos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antibiotic-resistance/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003741.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis seudomembranosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000259.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea relacionada con antibióticos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitorización de fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peligro del abusar de los antibióticos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescripción y uso de antibióticos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/es/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puertos para catéteres venosos centrales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas médicas de antibióticos para niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/medication-safety/paginas/antibiotic-prescriptions-for-children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resistencia a los antibióticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de bacitracina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002563.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de bacitracina zinc" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002569.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de antibióticos se está estabilizando" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/news/paginas/antibiotic-use-in-children-leveling-off.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/News/Pages/Antibiotic-Use-in-Children-Leveling-Off.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los efectos de beber alcohol mientras se reciben antibióticos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/antibiotics-and-alcohol/faq-20057946?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios reducen los riesgos de sufrir ataques al corazón y previenen la formación de coágulos en la sangre. " title="Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" id="4862" language="Spanish" date-created="11/18/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los anticoagulantes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los anticoagulantes son medicamentos que evitan la formación de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;. No rompen los coágulos que ya tiene, pero pueden evitar que crezcan. Es importante tratar los coágulos sanguíneos, porque los coágulos en los vasos sanguíneos y el corazón pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataques al corazón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrames cerebrales&lt;/a&gt; y obstrucciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita anticoagulantes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite un anticoagulante si tiene:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Ciertas enfermedades del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;corazón&lt;/a&gt; o de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;vasos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un ritmo cardíaco anormal llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;fibrilación auricular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un reemplazo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;válvula cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un riesgo de coágulos de sangre después de una cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de anticoagulantes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de anticoagulantes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/strong&gt; como la heparina o la warfarina (también llamada Coumadin), hacen más lento el proceso de formación de coágulos del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;antiplaquetarios&lt;/strong&gt; como la aspirina y el clopidogrel evitan que las células sanguíneas llamadas plaquetas se agrupen para formar un coágulo. Los antiplaquetarios los toman principalmente las personas que han tenido un ataque al corazón o un derrame cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo tomar anticoagulantes en forma segura?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando tome un anticoagulante, siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Los anticoagulantes pueden interactuar con ciertos alimentos, medicamentos, vitaminas y el alcohol. Asegúrese de que su profesional de la salud conozca todos los medicamentos y suplementos que toma.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite análisis de sangre regulares para verificar qué tan bien está coagulando su sangre. Es importante asegurarse de que está tomando suficiente medicamento para prevenir los coágulos, pero no tanto como para causar sangrado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de los anticoagulantes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;sangrado&lt;/a&gt; es el efecto secundario más común de los anticoagulantes. También pueden causar malestar estomacal, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;. Otros posibles efectos secundarios pueden depender del tipo de anticoagulante que esté tomando.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Llame a su profesional de la salud si tiene algún signo de sangrado grave, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sangrado menstrual mucho más intenso de lo normal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Orina roja o marrón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evacuaciones intestinales rojas o negras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sangrado de las encías o la nariz que no se detiene rápidamente&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Vómito de color marrón o rojo brillante&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toser algo rojo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor intenso, como de cabeza o de estómago&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Moretones inusuales&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Un corte que no deja de sangrar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una caída grave o un golpe en la cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mareos o debilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" id="4861" language="English">Blood Thinners</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Antiplaquetarios</see-reference>
<see-reference>Coumadin</see-reference>
<see-reference>Warfarina</see-reference>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y la vitamina K" url="https://www.stjude.org/content/dam/es_US/shared/www/do-you-know-spanish/nutrition-anticoagulant-k-spa.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulantes: ¿Aún puedo formar coágulos sanguíneos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/expert-answers/blood-thinners/faq-20058261?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/expert-answers/blood-thinners/faq-20058261?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antitrombóticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antitromboticos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anticoagulants/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aplicarse una inyección de heparina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000661.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de la warfarina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/in-depth/warfarin-side-effects/art-20047592?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/in-depth/warfarin-side-effects/ART-20047592?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos antiplaquetarios: Inhibidores P2Y12" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000100.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Millones de personas toman aspirina sin un beneficio claro" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/millones-de-personas-toman-aspirina-sin-un-beneficio-claro">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monitorización de fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pastillas que diluyen la sangre" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/btpills-esp/btpillssp2.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/btpills/btpills.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tiempo de protrombina e INR (TP/INR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiempo-de-protrombina-e-inr-tpinr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prothrombin-time-test-and-inr-ptinr/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia antiplaquetaria" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/terapia-antiplaquetaria/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiplatelet-therapy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con aspirina diaria: Beneficios y riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/art-20046797?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/ART-20046797?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar warfarina (Coumadin)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000292.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar warfarina (Coumadin, Jantoven): Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000255.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido acetilsalicílico y cardiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000092.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los antidepresivos se utilizan para tratar la depresión. Entérese sobre efectos secundarios y diferentes tipos de estas medicinas." title="Antidepresivos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html" id="4147" language="Spanish" date-created="04/10/2006">
<also-called>Antidepresivos tricíclicos</also-called>
<also-called>Inhibidores de serotonina y norepinefrina (SNRI)</also-called>
<also-called>Inhibidores selectivos de recaptación de serotonina (SSRI)</also-called>
<also-called>Medicamentos para la depresión</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios para la depresión</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los antidepresivos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los antidepresivos son medicamentos recetados para tratar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;. La depresión es más que sentirse algo triste o "melancólico" durante unos días. Es una enfermedad médica grave y muy común que afecta su estado de ánimo y su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html"&gt;salud mental&lt;/a&gt; en general. Puede hacerle sentir cansado, desesperanzado, preocupado o temeroso. Puede cambiar su manera de pensar, dormir y alimentarse. La depresión puede hacer que algunas personas piensen en terminar con sus vidas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, los antidepresivos pueden ayudar a muchas personas con depresión. Los investigadores creen que los antidepresivos pueden ayudar a mejorar la forma en que su cerebro usa ciertas sustancias químicas que controlan el estado de ánimo o el estrés.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se usan antidepresivos para otras afecciones?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud puede recetar antidepresivos para la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt; o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;insomnio&lt;/a&gt;. En ocasiones, los proveedores también recetan antidepresivos para otras afecciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de antidepresivos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos de antidepresivos. Cada uno funciona de manera diferente. Los profesionales de la salud suelen recetar primero los antidepresivos más nuevos porque no causan tantos efectos secundarios como los tipos más antiguos. También parecen ayudar a más tipos de problemas de depresión y ansiedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los antidepresivos más nuevos pertenecen a uno de estos tres grupos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y norepinefrina (IRSN)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antidepresivos atípicos (medicamentos más nuevos que no encajan en las otras categorías)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si estos antidepresivos no ayudan, su profesional de la salud podría sugerirle uno de los antidepresivos más antiguos. Los tipos más antiguos incluyen antidepresivos tricíclicos, tetracíclicos e inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa. Aunque estos antidepresivos pueden causar efectos secundarios más serios, los beneficios pueden superar los riesgos para algunas personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipo de antidepresivo es adecuado para mí?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nuestros cuerpos y cerebros funcionan de manera diferente, lo que significa que un antidepresivo puede no funcionar bien para todos. Es posible que deba probar dos o más medicamentos antes de encontrar uno que sirva para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud trabajará con usted para elegir la mejor opción para probar primero. Considerará preguntas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Qué síntomas le molestan más?&lt;/strong&gt; Algunos antidepresivos pueden ayudar mejor con síntomas específicos, como los problemas para dormir&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Qué otros medicamentos y suplementos toma?&lt;/strong&gt; Algunos antidepresivos pueden causar problemas si los toma con ciertos medicamentos y hierbas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Funcionó bien algún antidepresivo para un pariente cercano?&lt;/strong&gt; Un antidepresivo que ayudó a un padre, hermano o hermana también podría ser una buena opción para usted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Tiene otras afecciones de salud?&lt;/strong&gt; Ciertos antidepresivos pueden mejorar o empeorar algunas otras afecciones. Cualquier otro trastorno que tenga será parte de la elección de su tratamiento para la depresión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Está embarazada, planificando un embarazo o amamantando?&lt;/strong&gt; Si es así, su proveedor la ayudará a encontrar una manera de tratar su depresión que sea segura para usted y su bebé&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánto tardan en hacer efecto los antidepresivos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los antidepresivos suelen tardar de 4 a 8 semanas en hacer efecto, por lo que deberá tener paciencia. Puede notar que algunos problemas, como dormir y comer, mejoran antes de que mejore su estado de ánimo. Esa es una buena señal. Es posible que solo necesite darle al medicamento un poco más de tiempo para que haga su trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, un antidepresivo ayuda al principio, pero los síntomas regresan mientras aún lo está tomando. Pero en general hay otro que puede probar. Para obtener más alivio de la depresión, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle combinar dos antidepresivos, usar otro tipo de medicamento con un antidepresivo o agregar terapia de conversación u otros enfoques para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;mejorar su salud mental&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánto tiempo tendré que tomar un antidepresivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando un antidepresivo comienza a funcionar, usted y su proveedor pueden decidir cuánto tiempo debe seguir tomándolo. La duración típica del tratamiento es de 6 a 12 meses, pero algunas personas pueden permanecer con los antidepresivos durante mucho más tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de los antidepresivos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No todo el mundo tiene efectos secundarios de los antidepresivos. Pero si los tiene, en general son leves y pueden mejorar con el tiempo a medida que su cuerpo se acostumbra al nuevo medicamento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los efectos secundarios más comunes de los antidepresivos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento de peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Somnolencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas sexuales, como falta de deseo o capacidad para tener relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Al pensar en los efectos secundarios, es importante recordar que también existen riesgos por no tratar la depresión. Su proveedor puede ayudarle a analizar los pros y los contras de todas sus opciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene efectos secundarios debido a los antidepresivos, su proveedor puede sugerir formas de controlarlos mientras espera a que hagan efecto. Si los efectos secundarios le molestan demasiado, es posible que deba cambiar los antidepresivos. Pero nunca debe cambiar su dosis o dejar de tomar un antidepresivo por su cuenta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene problemas graves o nota cambios que le preocupan, como síntomas nuevos o que empeoran, cambios inusuales en su estado de ánimo o comienza a actuar de manera diferente, llame a su proveedor de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, es más probable que los niños, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes menores de 25 años piensen en lastimarse o suicidarse cuando comienzan a tomar antidepresivos o cuando se cambia la dosis. Obtenga ayuda médica de inmediato si esto sucede.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer para tomar antidepresivos de manera segura?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los antidepresivos son seguros cuando los usa correctamente:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Informe a su proveedor sobre todo lo que toma&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluye medicamentos, hierbas, suplementos y medicamentos de venta libre que toma, como analgésicos y descongestionantes. También sea honesto acerca de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas recreativas&lt;/a&gt; y el alcohol &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trate de obtener todos sus medicamentos en la misma farmacia&lt;/strong&gt;: De esa manera, el farmacéutico puede advertirle a usted y a su proveedor si toma medicamentos que pueden causar problemas cuando se usan juntos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siga todas las instrucciones sobre cómo tomar su medicamento&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hable con su proveedor si le molestan los efectos secundarios&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nunca deje de tomar antidepresivos sin la ayuda de su profesional de la salud&lt;/strong&gt;: Detenerse demasiado rápido puede hacer que la depresión regrese. Incluso podría empeorar su afección. Para dejar de tomar antidepresivos de manera segura, debe darle tiempo a su cuerpo para que se acostumbre a estar sin el medicamento. Su proveedor puede indicarle la manera más segura de dejar un antidepresivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html" id="4146" language="English">Antidepressants</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848">Depresión</related-topic>
<see-reference>Inhibidores de serotonina y norepinefrina (SNRI)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inhibidores selectivos de recaptación de serotonina (SSRI)</see-reference>
<site title="Abstinencia de los antidepresivos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/faq-20058133?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/FAQ-20058133?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivo y efectos secundarios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20049305?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20049305?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos atípicos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/art-20048208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/ART-20048208?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<site title="Antidepresivos: Cómo elegir uno adecuado para ti" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046273?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20046273?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<site title="Antidepresivos: Otra arma contra el dolor crónico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/pain-medications/ART-20045647?p=1">
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<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
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<site title="Cómo tomar antidepresivos en forma segura" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-tomar-antidepresivos-en-forma-segura/?adfree=true">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
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<site title="Inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa (IMAO)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/art-20043992?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/ART-20043992?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<site title="Inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa y alimentación: ¿Es necesario restringir la tiramina?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/faq-20058035?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/FAQ-20058035?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<site title="Inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y norepinefrina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20044970?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20044970?p=1">
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<site title="Inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/ART-20044825?p=1">
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<site title="Los antidepresivos más recetados y cómo actúan" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-antidepresivos-mas-recetados-y-como-actuan" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/commonly-prescribed-antidepressants-and-how-they-work">
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<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
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<site title="Medicamentos para la migraña y antidepresivos: ¿una mezcla riesgosa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/FAQ-20058166?p=1">
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<site title="Prueba de antidepresivos tricíclicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-antidepresivos-triciclicos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tricyclic-antidepressant-tca-screen/">
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<site title="Pruebas de citocromo P450 (CYP450)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cyp450-test/about/pac-20393711?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cyp450-test/about/pac-20393711?p=1">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people take antidepressants. Learn about antidepressant side effect, the different types of antidepressants, and more." title="Antidepressants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html" id="4146" language="English" date-created="03/21/2005">
<also-called>SSRIs</also-called>
<also-called>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</also-called>
<also-called>Tricyclic antidepressants</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are antidepressants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antidepressants are prescription medicines to treat depression. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt; is more than feeling a little sad or "blue" for a few days. It's a very common, serious medical illness that affects your mood and general &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html"&gt;mental health&lt;/a&gt; It can make you feel tired, hopeless, worried, or fearful. It can change your thinking, sleeping, and eating. Depression may make some people think about ending their lives.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But antidepressants can help many people who have depression. Researchers think antidepressants may help improve the way your brain uses certain chemicals that control mood or stress.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Are antidepressants used for other conditions?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A health care provider may prescribe antidepressants for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;insomnia&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes providers also prescribe antidepressants for other conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of antidepressants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many types of antidepressants. Each one works differently. Providers usually prescribe newer antidepressants first because they don't cause as many side effects as older types. They also seem to help more kinds of depression and anxiety problems.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Most of the newer antidepressants belong to one of these three groups:&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Atypical antidepressants, which are newer antidepressants that don't fit into the other groups&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If these antidepressants don't help, your provider might suggest one of the older antidepressants. The older types include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclics, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Even though these antidepressants may cause more serious side effects, the benefits may outweigh the risks for some people.&lt;/p&gt;       

&lt;h3&gt;Which type of antidepressant is right for me?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our bodies and brains all work differently. That means one antidepressant won't work for everyone.  You may need to try two or more medicines before you find one that works for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider will work with you to choose the best option to try first. You'll consider questions such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which symptoms bother you most?&lt;/strong&gt; Some antidepressants may do a better job helping specific symptoms, such as trouble sleeping.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What other medicines and supplements do you take?&lt;/strong&gt; Some antidepressants can cause problems if you take them with certain medicines and herbs.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Did a certain antidepressant work well for a close relative?&lt;/strong&gt; An antidepressant that helped a parent, brother, or sister could be a good choice for you, too.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do you have other health conditions?&lt;/strong&gt; Certain antidepressants can make some other conditions better or worse. Any other conditions that you have will be part of choosing your depression treatment.&lt;/li&gt;   
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are you pregnant, planning for pregnancy, or breastfeeding?&lt;/strong&gt;  If so, your provider will help you find a way to treat your depression that's safe for you and your baby.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How long do antidepressants take to work?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antidepressants usually take 4 to 8 weeks to work, so you'll need to be patient. You may notice that some problems, such as sleeping and eating, get better before your mood improves. That's a good sign. You may just need to give the medicine a little more time to do its job.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes an antidepressant helps at first, but symptoms return while you're still taking it. But there's usually another one you can try. To get more relief from depression, your provider may suggest combining two antidepressants, using another kind of medicine with an antidepressant, or adding talk therapy or other approaches &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;to improve your mental health&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;How long will I need to take an antidepressant?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;When an antidepressant starts to work, you and your provider can decide how long you need to stay on it. The typical length of treatment is 6 to 12 months, but some people may stay on antidepressants for much longer.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the side effects of antidepressants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not everyone has side effects from antidepressants. But if you do have them, they're usually mild and may get better over time as your body gets used to the new medicine.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The most common side effects from antidepressants include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight gain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleepiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sexual problems, such as a lack of desire or ability to have sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When thinking about side effects, it's important to remember that there are also risks from not treating depression. Your provider can help you think through the pros and cons of all your options.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any side effects from antidepressants, your provider may suggest ways to manage them while you wait to see if the antidepressant will work. If the side effects bother you too much, you may need to change antidepressants. But you should never change your dose or stop taking an antidepressant on your own.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you have serious problems or notice any changes that worry you, such as new or worsening symptoms, unusual changes in your mood, or you start acting differently, call your provider right away.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, children, teenagers, and young adults under 25 may be more likely to think about hurting or killing themselves when starting antidepressants or when the dose is changed. Get medical help right away if this happens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can I do to take antidepressants safely?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Antidepressants are generally safe when you use them correctly:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tell your provider about everything you take.&lt;/strong&gt; That includes medicines, herbs, supplements, and over-the-counter medicines you take, such as pain relievers and decongestants. Be honest about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;recreational drugs&lt;/a&gt; and alcohol, too.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Try to get all your medicines from the same pharmacy.&lt;/strong&gt; That way the pharmacist can warn you and your provider if you take medicines that may cause problems when used together.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Follow all instructions about how to take your medicine.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk with your provider if side effects bother you.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Never stop taking antidepressants without your provider's help.&lt;/strong&gt; Stopping too fast may make depression come back. You could even make your condition worse. To stop antidepressants safely, you need to give your body time to get used to being without the medicine. Your provider can tell you the safest way to go off an antidepressant.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000928">Antidepressive Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113">Depression</related-topic>
<see-reference>SNRI </see-reference>
<see-reference>SSRIs</see-reference>
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<site title="Antidepressant Withdrawal: Is There Such a Thing?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/FAQ-20058133?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressant-withdrawal/faq-20058133?p=1">
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<site title="Antidepressants and Alcohol: What's the Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/FAQ-20058231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-alcohol/faq-20058231?p=1">
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<site title="Antidepressants and Weight Gain: What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/FAQ-20058127?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/faq-20058127?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants for Children and Teens" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20047502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Another Weapon against Chronic Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/pain-medications/ART-20045647?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Can They Stop Working?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/FAQ-20057938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20057938?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Get Tips to Cope with Side Effects" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20049305?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20049305?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Safe during Pregnancy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Selecting One That's Right for You" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20046273?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046273?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Which Cause the Fewest Sexual Side Effects?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/FAQ-20058104?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants/faq-20058104?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atypical Antidepressants" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/ART-20048208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/atypical-antidepressants/art-20048208?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Antidepressants" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=antidepressants&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Serotonin+and+Noradrenaline+Reuptake+Inhibitors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Commonly Prescribed Antidepressants and How They Work" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/commonly-prescribed-antidepressants-and-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-antidepresivos-mas-recetados-y-como-actuan">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) Tests" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cyp450-test/about/pac-20393711?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cyp450-test/about/pac-20393711?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression - stopping your medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/depression-medicines">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/depression">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Desipramine hydrochloride overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002626.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Doxepin overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002547.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Safely Take Antidepressants" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-safely-take-antidepressants/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/tipos-de-antidepresivos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imipramine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002656.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MAOIs and Diet: Is It Necessary to Restrict Tyramine?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/FAQ-20058035?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/maois/faq-20058035?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Migraine Medications and Antidepressants: A Risky Mix?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/FAQ-20058166?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/ART-20043992?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/maois/art-20043992?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antidepressive+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/ART-20044825?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20044970?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20044970?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serotonin syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007272.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="St. John's Wort and Depression" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/st-johns-wort-and-depression-in-depth">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trazodone overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002559.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) Screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tricyclic-antidepressant-tca-screen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-antidepresivos-triciclicos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tricyclic Antidepressants and Tetracyclic Antidepressants" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20046983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046983?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los antioxidantes protegen a las células de los llamados radicales libres. Entérese sobre las fuentes de antioxidantes. " title="Antioxidantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html" id="1751" language="Spanish" date-created="11/04/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los antioxidantes son sustancias naturales o fabricadas por el hombre que pueden prevenir o retrasar algunos tipos de daños a las células. Los antioxidantes se encuentran en muchos alimentos, incluyendo frutas y verduras. También se encuentran disponibles como suplementos dietéticos. Ejemplos de antioxidantes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Beta carotenos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Luteína &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Licopeno &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Selenio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html"&gt;Vitamina A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html"&gt;Vitamina C&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html"&gt;Vitamina E&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las verduras y frutas son ricas fuentes de antioxidantes. Existe amplia evidencia que el consumo de una dieta con muchas verduras y frutas es saludable y reduce riesgos de sufrir ciertas enfermedades. Pero no está claro si esto es debido a los antioxidantes, a algo más presente en los alimentos u otros factores.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Suplementos con altas dosis de antioxidantes en algunos casos pueden estar relacionados con riesgos para la salud. Por ejemplo, altas dosis de beta-caroteno pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón en fumadores. Dosis elevadas de vitamina E podrían aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de próstata y un tipo de ataque cerebral. Los suplementos antioxidantes también podrían interactuar con algunas medicinas. Para reducir el riesgo, cuéntele a su proveedor de atención médica sobre cualquier antioxidante que toma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centro Nacional para la Medicina Complementaria y Alternativa&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590" language="English">Antioxidants</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html" id="5374">Vitamina A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html" id="5381">Vitamina C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html" id="5386">Vitamina E</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<site title="Antioxidantes y prevención del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-antioxidantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/antioxidants-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antioxidantes: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antioxidantes-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antioxidants-what-you-need-to-know/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coenzima Q10" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/drugs-supplements-coenzyme-q10/art-20362602?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-coenzyme-q10/art-20362602?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coenzima Q10 (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/coenzima-q10-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/coenzyme-q10-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Declaraciones de salud sobre el chocolate: ¿Dulce verdad o amarga realidad?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/declaraciones-de-salud-sobre-el-chocolate" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/02/chocolate-health-claims">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selenio" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selenio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002414.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vino tinto y el resveratrol: ¿Son buenos para tu corazón?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/red-wine/art-20048281?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/red-wine/ART-20048281?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina A" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina C" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina E" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zinc" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Antioxidants can protect cells against free radicals that can cause damage. But there is a lot of misinformation. Get the facts. " title="Antioxidants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590" language="English" date-created="01/15/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Antioxidants are man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage. Antioxidants are found in many foods, including fruits and vegetables. They are also available as dietary supplements. Examples of antioxidants include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Beta-carotene &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;  Lutein &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Lycopene&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;  Selenium&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html"&gt;Vitamin A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html"&gt;Vitamin C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html"&gt;Vitamin E&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vegetables and fruits are rich sources of antioxidants. There is good evidence that eating a diet with lots of vegetables and fruits is healthy and lowers risks of certain diseases. But it isn't clear whether this is because of the antioxidants, something else in the foods, or other factors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;High-dose supplements of antioxidants may be linked to health risks in some cases. For example, high doses of beta-carotene may increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers. High doses of vitamin E may increase risks of prostate cancer and one type of stroke. Antioxidant supplements may also interact with some medicines. To minimize risk, tell your health care providers about any antioxidants you use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html" id="1751" language="Spanish">Antioxidantes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000975">Antioxidants</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html" id="5373">Vitamin A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html" id="5380">Vitamin C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html" id="5385">Vitamin E</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<site title="Antioxidant Supplements: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/antioxidant-supplements-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antioxidants" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/antioxidants/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/antioxidants-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-antioxidantes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antioxidants: Protecting Healthy Cells" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/essential-nutrients/vitamins/antioxidants-protecting-healthy-cells">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
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<health-topic meta-desc="It's normal to be anxious at times. It may be time to get help if anxiety attack is severe or when anxiety doesn't stop. Learn about anxiety disorders.  " title="Anxiety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html" id="144" language="English" date-created="11/20/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is anxiety?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anxiety is a feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness. It might cause you to sweat, feel restless and tense, and have a rapid heartbeat.   It can be a normal reaction to stress. For example, you might feel anxious when faced with a difficult problem at work, before taking a test, or before making an important decision. It can help you to cope. The anxiety may give you a boost of energy or help you focus. But for people with anxiety disorders, the fear is not temporary and can be overwhelming.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are anxiety disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anxiety disorders are conditions in which you have anxiety that does not go away and can get worse over time. The symptoms can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, schoolwork, and relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of anxiety disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several types of anxiety disorders, including: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).&lt;/strong&gt; People with GAD worry about ordinary issues such as health, money, work, and family. But their worries are excessive, and they have them almost every day for at least 6 months.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html"&gt;Panic disorder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; People with panic disorder have panic attacks. These are sudden, repeated periods of intense fear when there is no danger. The attacks come on quickly and can last several minutes or more.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html"&gt;Phobias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; People with phobias have an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. Their fear may be about spiders, flying, going to crowded places, or being in social situations (known as social anxiety).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes anxiety disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of anxiety is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, and your environment may play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for anxiety disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risk factors for the different types of anxiety disorders can vary. For example, GAD and phobias are more common in women, but social anxiety affects men and women equally. There are some general risk factors for all types of anxiety disorders, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain personality traits, such as being shy or withdrawn when you are in new situations or meeting new people&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Traumatic events in early childhood or adulthood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of anxiety or other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some physical health conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid problems&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The different types of anxiety disorders can have different symptoms. But they all have a combination of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anxious thoughts or beliefs that are hard to control. They make you feel restless and tense and interfere with your daily life. They do not go away and can get worse over time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical symptoms, such as a pounding or rapid heartbeat, unexplained aches and pains, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in behavior, such as avoiding everyday activities you used to do&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;, other substances, and certain medicines can make your symptoms worse.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How are anxiety disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose anxiety disorders, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may also have a physical exam and lab tests to make sure that a different health problem is not the cause of your symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you don't have another health problem, you will get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/"&gt;psychological evaluation&lt;/a&gt;. Your provider may do it, or you may be referred to a mental health professional to get one.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for anxiety disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main treatments for anxiety disorders are psychotherapy (talk therapy), medicines, or both:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psychotherapy&lt;/strong&gt; can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. To be effective, it should focus on your specific anxieties and needs. There are many types; some of the types used for anxiety disorders include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),&lt;/strong&gt; which teaches you different ways of thinking and behaving. It can help you change how you react to the things that cause you to feel fear and anxiety. It may include exposure therapy. This therapy focuses on having you confront your fears so that you will be able to do the things that you had been avoiding.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acceptance and commitment therapy&lt;/strong&gt; may help with some anxiety disorders. It uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce discomfort and anxiety.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; to treat anxiety disorders include anti-anxiety medicines and certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;. Some types of medicines may work better for specific types of anxiety disorders. You should work closely with your provider to identify which medicine is best for you. You may need to try more than one medicine before you can find the right one.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Support groups and stress management techniques may also be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
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<descriptor id="D001007">Anxiety</descriptor>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html" id="601">Panic Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html" id="360">Phobias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html" id="422">Stress</related-topic>
<see-reference>Generalized Anxiety Disorder</see-reference>
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<site title="Coping with Anxiety: Can Diet Make a Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/coping-with-anxiety/FAQ-20057987?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/coping-with-anxiety/faq-20057987?p=1">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Generalized Anxiety Disorder: When Worry Gets Out of Control" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-ansiedad-generalizada-cuando-no-se-pueden-controlar-las-preocupaciones-new">
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<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herbal Treatment for Anxiety: Is It Effective?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/herbal-treatment-for-anxiety/FAQ-20057945?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/herbal-treatment-for-anxiety/faq-20057945?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Worry Less?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/worry-less.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/worry-less.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Cope with Medical Test Anxiety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Well Are You Managing Stress?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003211_13.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003211_73.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperventilation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003071.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic Side Effects of Psychiatric Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-8-1533575726&amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - fear and anxiety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perinatal Anxiety" url="https://www.postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety" language-mapped-url="https://www.postpartum.net/es/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Postpartum Support International</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anxiety%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Anxiety+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Separation Anxiety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Separation anxiety in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001542.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and your health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003211.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teens and Stress: When It's More Than Worry" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-and-stress-when-its-more-than-worry" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-y-el-estres">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Test Anxiety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/test-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/test-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Anxiety Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000917_12.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000917_72.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Link Between Migraine, Depression and Anxiety" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/link-between-migraine-depression-anxiety/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Anxiety Disorders: When Panic, Fear, and Worries Overwhelm" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/03/understanding-anxiety-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entender-los-trastornos-de-ansiedad">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Anxiety Disorders?" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Know Before Stopping Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-19-1580418376&amp;amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women and Anxiety" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-anxiety" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/las-mujeres-y-la-ansiedad-women-and-anxiety">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Adolescent: Anxiety and Avoidant Disorders" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resource_Centers/Anxiety_Disorder_Resource_Center/Your_Adolescent_Anxiety_and_Avoidant_Disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El examen de orina puede servir para diagnosticar infecciones, como infecciones de las vías urinarias, y diabetes. Entérese en qué consiste esta prueba." title="Análisis de orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html" id="6356" language="Spanish" date-created="05/11/2016">
<also-called>Examen de orina</also-called>
<also-called>Pruebas de orina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un análisis de orina es una prueba de su orina. A menudo se realiza para chequear si hay una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infección de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;problemas renales&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Usted también puede someterse a uno durante un chequeo médico, si es ingresado al hospital, antes de una cirugía o si está embarazada. Este también puede monitorear algunas afecciones médicas y tratamientos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un análisis de orina consiste en chequear:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su color&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su aspecto (si es clara o turbia)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su olor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El nivel de acidez (pH)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si hay sustancias que normalmente no están en la orina, como la sangre, el exceso de proteínas, glucosa, cetonas, y bilirrubina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si existen células, cristales y cilindros urinarios (proteínas en forma de tubo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si presenta bacterias u otros gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" id="6355" language="English">Urinalysis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Orina, Análisis</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis bioquímico de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003342.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de la orina: Tiras reactivas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dipstick.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dipstick.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de orina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003579.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de orina: Con tira reactiva automatizada" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-auto-ds.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirrubina en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003595.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cilindros urinarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003586.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color anormal de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003139.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color de la orina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con tira reactiva de proteína en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de esterasa leucocitaria en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003584.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glucosa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003581.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glóbulos rojos en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la concentración de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003608.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la densidad de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003587.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del pH de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003583.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematuria microscópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hematuria-microscopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucina aminopeptidasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003617.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de orina limpia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007487.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un análisis de orina (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-urtest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/video-urtest.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Olor de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007298.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina espumosa: ¿Qué significa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína en orina de 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003622.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cristales en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cristales-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/crystals-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de moco en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-moco-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mucus-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de nitritos en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-nitritos-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nitrites-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteínas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteinas-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/protein-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de uribilinógeno en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-uribilinogeno-en-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/urobilinogen-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de bilirrubina en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bilirrubina-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de células epiteliales en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-celulas-epiteliales-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/epithelial-cells-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de orina en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003417.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volumen urinario en 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El examen de sangre analiza células conocidas como plaquetas, glóbulos rojos y blancos. Ayuda a chequear su estado general de salud." title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" id="6352" language="Spanish" date-created="05/11/2016">
<also-called>Examen de sangre</also-called>
<also-called>Hemograma completo</also-called>
<also-called>Pruebas de conteo sanguíneo</also-called>
<also-called>Pruebas de sangre</also-called>
<also-called>Recuento sanguíneo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; Su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html"&gt;sangre&lt;/a&gt; contiene glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas. El análisis o examen de sangre mide el número y tipos de células en la sangre. Esto ayuda a los médicos a verificar su estado general de salud. Las pruebas también pueden ayudar a diagnosticar enfermedades y afecciones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, infecciones, problemas de coagulación, cáncer de la sangre y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades del sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tipos específicos incluyen pruebas para:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Glóbulos rojos: Número, tamaño y tipos de glóbulos rojos en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Glóbulos blancos: Número y tipos de glóbulos blancos en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Plaquetas: Número y tamaño de las plaquetas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hemoglobina: Proteína rica en hierro en los glóbulos rojos que transporta el oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hematocrito: La cantidad de espacio que toman los glóbulos rojos en su sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Conteo de reticulocitos: El número de glóbulos rojos jóvenes en su sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La media del volumen corpuscular medio: El tamaño promedio de los glóbulos rojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El recuento sanguíneo completo o hemograma incluye la mayor parte o la totalidad de estas pruebas. Es una de las pruebas de sangre más comunes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" id="6351" language="English">Blood Count Tests</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Conteo sanguíneo, Prueba de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sangre, Examen de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sangre, Pruebas de</see-reference>
<site title="Amplitud de distribución eritrocitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/amplitud-de-distribucion-eritrocitaria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rdw-red-cell-distribution-width/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-hemoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Hemograma completo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest4.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest4.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo absoluto de eosinófilos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003649.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos blancos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-globulos-blancos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-count-wbc/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos blancos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003643.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-globulos-rojos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-rbc-count/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003644.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de plaquetas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003647.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de reticulocitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-reticulocitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/reticulocyte-count/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100152_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100152_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003642.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de diferencial sanguíneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobina libre en el suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003677.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003677.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003665.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fórmula leucocitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/formula-leucocitaria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-differential/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hematocrito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003646.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematocrito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hematocrito/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hematocrit-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003645.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003645.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber sobre los análisis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un análisis de sangre (niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-bldtest.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas plaquetarios: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de VCM" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-vcm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mcv-mean-corpuscular-volume/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de VPM" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-vpm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mpv-blood-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recuento bajo de glóbulos blancos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/sym-20050615?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/SYM-20050615?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuento de glóbulos rojos alto" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/high-red-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/sym-20050858?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/high-red-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/SYM-20050858?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de los glóbulos blancos (leucocitos)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/white-blood-cell-disorders/overview-of-white-blood-cell-disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índices de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/indices-de-globulos-rojos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-rbc-indices/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Índices de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003648.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An aneurysm is a bulge or &quot;ballooning&quot; in the wall of an artery. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Learn more." title="Aortic Aneurysm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html" id="4931" language="English" date-created="03/02/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurysm&lt;/a&gt; is a bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body. If an aneurysm grows large, it can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or even death.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Most aneurysms are in the aorta, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two types of aortic aneurysm:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) - these occur in the part of the aorta running through the chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) - these occur in the part of the aorta running through the abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most aneurysms are found during tests done for other reasons. Some people are at high risk for aneurysms. It is important for them to get screening, because aneurysms can develop and become large before causing any symptoms. Screening is recommended for people between the ages of 65 and 75 if they have a family history, or if they are men who have smoked. Doctors use imaging tests to find aneurysms. Medicines and surgery are the two main treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html" id="4932" language="Spanish">Aneurisma aórtico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001014">Aortic Aneurysm</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html" id="141">Aneurysms</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>AAA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</see-reference>
<see-reference>Aortic Dissection</see-reference>
<see-reference>TAA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal aortic aneurysm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000162.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdoaneurysm" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdoaneurysm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/aneurisma-aortico-abdominal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007392.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair - open - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000240.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000240.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening" url="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Aortic Aneurysm" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/aortic-aneurysm.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aneurysm Repair" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/aneurysm-repair/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-de-aneurismas/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic aneurysm repair - endovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007391.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic aneurysm repair - endovascular- discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000236.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000236.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic Dissection" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic dissection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000181.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000181.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aneurysm, Dissecting" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aneurysm,+Dissecting%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Aneurysm" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aortic+Aneurysm%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aortic+Aneurysm,+Abdominal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aortic+Aneurysm,+Thoracic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Dissection" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aortic+Dissection%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-and-dissection">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/patients/glossary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Loeys-Dietz syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/loeys-dietz-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudoaneurysm: What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/FAQ-20058420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/faq-20058420?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal aortic aneurysm" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aortic+Aneurysm%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Talk to Your Doctor about Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/heart-health/talk-your-doctor-about-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/salud-corazon/habla-tu-doctor-aneurisma-aortico-abdominal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic aortic aneurysm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001119.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Aortic Aneurysm?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/aortic-aneurysm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aneurisma-de-aorta">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los aparatos para asistir la movilidad, como muletas o sillas de ruedas, le ayudan a moverse de un lugar a otro si es discapacitado o tiene una lesión.  " title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" id="4142" language="Spanish" date-created="03/27/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los aparatos para asistir la movilidad le ayudan a caminar o a moverse de un lugar a otro si tiene una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad&lt;/a&gt; o una lesión. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Muletas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bastones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Andadores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sillas de ruedas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Triciclos motorizados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es probable que necesite un andador o un bastón si corre el riesgo de caerse. Si necesita poner menos peso al apoyarse en su pie, tobillo o rodilla, tal vez necesite usar muletas. También puede requerir una silla de ruedas o un triciclo motorizado si no puede caminar debido a una lesión o una enfermedad. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La selección de estos aparatos toma tiempo y requiere investigación. Las muletas, los bastones y los andadores deben adaptarse a usted. Si son adecuados, le brindarán apoyo, pero si no, pueden resultar incómodos e inseguros. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" id="4141" language="English">Mobility Aids</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137">Tecnología asistencial</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo elegir la silla de ruedas correcta" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/international/vivir-con-par%c3%a1lisis/sillas-de-ruedas/elegir-la-silla-de-ruedas-correcta/c%c3%b3mo-elegir-la-silla-de-ruedas-correcta/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos para la Parálisis de la Fundación Christopher y Dana Reeve</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingeniería de rehabilitación" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/ingenier%C3%ADa-de-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/rehabilitation-engineering">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muletas y los niños: Ajuste apropiado y consejos de seguridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000640.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muletas y los niños: Escaleras" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000643.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muletas y los niños: Pararse y caminar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000641.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muletas y los niños: Sentarse y levantarse de una silla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000642.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traslado de un paciente de la cama a una silla de ruedas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000428.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de un bastón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000343.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La apendicitis es la inflamación del apéndice y puede causar mucho dolor. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la apendicitis. " title="Apendicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/appendicitis.html" id="1754" language="Spanish" date-created="09/04/2006">
<also-called>Inflamación del apéndice</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El apéndice es un órgano pequeño, en forma de tubo, unido a la primera parte del intestino grueso. Está ubicada en la parte inferior derecha del abdomen y no tiene ninguna función conocida. La apendicitis es causada por un bloqueo en el interior del apéndice. Este bloqueo provoca un aumento de la presión, problemas con el flujo de la sangre e inflamación. Si el bloqueo no se trata, el apéndice puede romperse y diseminar la infección hacia el abdomen. Esta afección se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html"&gt;peritonitis&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síntoma principal es dolor en el abdomen, generalmente del lado derecho que va empeorando con el correr del tiempo. Otros síntomas pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hinchazón en el abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida del apetito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea y vómitos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estreñimiento o diarrea &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Incapacidad para eliminar gases &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre baja &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay que tener en cuenta que no todas las personas con apendicitis tienen estos síntomas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La apendicitis es una urgencia médica. El tratamiento casi siempre implica la extirpación del apéndice. Cualquier persona puede padecer de apendicitis pero se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las personas de entre 10 y 30 años. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendicitis.html" id="1223" language="English">Appendicitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<site title="Apendicectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002921.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100001_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100001_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicectomía (laparoscópica)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/laparoscopic_appendectomy_animation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laparoscopic_appendectomy_animation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicectomía laparoscópica" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/informacion-para-el-paciente-apendicectomias-laparoscopicas/" language-mapped-url="http://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-appendectomy-from-sages/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/appendicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369543?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/appendicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369543?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000256.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/apendicitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/appendicitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Apendicitis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/appendicitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/appendicitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/appendicitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apendicitis en adolescentes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/appendicitis-in-teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Appendicitis-in-Teens.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor del apéndice" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dolor-del-apendice" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/appendix-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen de corta duración" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia diagnóstica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de apendicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-apendicitis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/appendicitis-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal pediátrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdomus-pdi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdomus-pdi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido: Abdomen" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Aphasia is a disorder caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control language. It can make it hard for you to read, write, and speak. " title="Aphasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/aphasia.html" id="1212" language="English" date-created="02/22/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is aphasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aphasia is a language disorder that makes it hard for you to read, write, and say what you mean to say. Sometimes it makes it hard to understand what other people are saying, too. Aphasia is not a disease. It's a symptom of damage to the parts of the brain that control language.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;p&gt;The signs of aphasia depend on which part of the brain is damaged. There are four main types of aphasia:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Expressive aphasia&lt;/strong&gt; is when you know what you want to say, but you have trouble saying or writing your thoughts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Receptive aphasia&lt;/strong&gt; affects your ability to read and understand speech. You can hear what people say or see words on a page, but you have trouble making sense of what they mean.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Global aphasia&lt;/strong&gt; is the loss of almost all language ability. You can't speak, understand speech, read, or write. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anomic or amnesia aphasia&lt;/strong&gt; is when you have trouble using the right words for certain things, people, places or events.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, aphasia may get better on its own. But it can be a long-term condition. There's no cure, but treatment may help improve language skills.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes aphasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aphasia happens from damage to one or more parts of the brain involved with language. The damage may be from:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;, which is the most common cause of aphasia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html"&gt;Brain tumor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brain infection or inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;Brain injury&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html"&gt;brain disorders&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;neurologic diseases&lt;/a&gt; that affect the brain and get worse over time, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop aphasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can have aphasia at any age, but most people with aphasia are middle-aged or older. Most aphasia happens suddenly from a stroke or brain injury. Aphasia from a brain tumor or other brain disorder may develop slowly over time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is aphasia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If a health care provider sees signs of aphasia, the provider will usually:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Test the person's ability to understand language and speech. This includes asking questions and checking to see if the person can follow simple commands.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Order an imaging scan to see if there's a brain injury and what part of the brain is damaged. Possible tests include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;   
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If imaging shows signs of aphasia, more tests may be needed. These tests measure how much the brain damage has affected the ability to talk, read, write, and understand. In most cases, the tests are done by a speech-language pathologist or speech therapist (a specialist who treats &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;speech and communication disorders&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for aphasia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people fully recover from aphasia without treatment. But most people should begin speech-language therapy to treat aphasia as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment may be one-on-one with a speech therapist or in a group. Therapy using a computer may also be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The specific therapy depends on the type of language loss that a person has. It may include exercises in reading, writing, following directions, and repeating what the therapist says. Therapy may also include learning how to communicate with gestures, pictures, smartphones, or other electronic devices.&lt;/p&gt;   

&lt;p&gt;Family participation may be an important part of speech therapy. Family members can learn to help with recovery in many ways, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using simpler language&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Including the person with aphasia in conversations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repeating or writing down key words to help communicate more clearly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Language abilities may continue to improve over many years. In general, people recover their ability to understand language more fully than their ability to speak.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;How much a person recovers depends on many things, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What caused the brain injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What part of the brain was hurt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How badly and how much of the brain was hurt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The age and health of the person&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can aphasia be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent aphasia by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt; to lower your chance of having:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A stroke&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;Vascular disease&lt;/a&gt; (problems with your blood vessels)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Protecting your brain from injury:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Wearing the right helmet for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html"&gt;sports safety&lt;/a&gt;, such as when riding a bike&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Taking action to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Always wearing your seatbelt and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html"&gt;driving safely&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html" id="1753" language="Spanish">Afasia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001037">Aphasia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409">Speech and Communication Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<site title="Aphasia" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/afasia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aphasia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#aphasia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/afasia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aphasia vs. Apraxia" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/communication-and-aphasia/stroke-and-aphasia/aphasia-vs-apraxia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aphasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aphasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communicating with someone with aphasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000024.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Communication Breakdown: How Aphasia Affects Language" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/06/communication-breakdown" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/desglose-de-la-comunicacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epilepsy-aphasia spectrum: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/epilepsy-aphasia-spectrum">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Landau-Kleffner Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/landau-kleffner-syndrome">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Let's Talk about Stroke and Aphasia" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/lets-talk-about-stroke/life-after-stroke/ltas-stroke-and-aphasia.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/LTAS-Ataques-o-derrames-cerebrales-y-la-afasia.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Progressive Aphasia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-progressive-aphasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350499?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-progressive-aphasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350499?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aphasia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aphasia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Socializing with Aphasia" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/communication-and-aphasia/stroke-and-aphasia/socializing-with-aphasia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech impairment in adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003204.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech to Speech Relay Service" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/speech-speech-relay-service">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Aphasia" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/communication-and-aphasia/stroke-and-aphasia/types-of-aphasia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood disorder. If you have it, your bone marrow doesn't make enough new blood cells. Read more on the causes. " title="Aplastic Anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html" id="5955" language="English" date-created="01/04/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is aplastic anemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aplastic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt; anemia&lt;/a&gt; is a rare but serious blood disorder.  If you have it, your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;bone marrow&lt;/a&gt; doesn't make enough new blood cells. It happens when there is damage to stem cells inside your bone marrow. There are different types of aplastic anemia, including Fanconi anemia.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;What causes aplastic anemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The causes of aplastic anemia can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Autoimmune disorders&lt;/a&gt;, which are the most common cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain inherited gene changes, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fanconi-anemia/"&gt;the one that can cause Fanconi anemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toxic substances, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticides&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arsenic.html"&gt;arsenic&lt;/a&gt;, and benzene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; for cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viral infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;, Epstein-Barr virus, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In many people, the cause is unknown. This is called idiopathic aplastic anemia.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of aplastic anemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aplastic anemia can develop suddenly or slowly. It can be mild or severe. The symptoms of aplastic anemia can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can aplastic anemia cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aplastic anemia can cause other problems, including frequent infections and bleeding. It raises your risk of developing a serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html"&gt;blood disorder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If not treated, aplastic anemia can also lead to heart problems such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat), an enlarged heart, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How is aplastic anemia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have aplastic anemia, your doctor will:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take your medical and your family medical histories&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Order tests, such as tests to check if you have low numbers of cells in your bone marrow and blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for aplastic anemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you have aplastic anemia, your doctor will create a treatment plan for you. The plan will be based on how severe the anemia is and what is causing it. Treatments can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Blood and marrow &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to suppress your immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because of the risk of blood disorders, your doctor will monitor your condition and screen you for blood disorders regularly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html" id="5956" language="Spanish">Anemia aplásica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000741">Anemia, Aplastic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html" id="139">Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="171">Bone Marrow Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1457">Bone Marrow Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fanconi Anemia</see-reference>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic Anemia" url="https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/aplastic-anemia">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000554.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic Anemia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/aplastic-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-aplasica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic Anemia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aplastic-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aplastic-anemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/blood-diseases/aplastic-anemia-myelodysplastic-syndromes/all-content">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic Anemia: Symptoms and Conditions" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355015?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355015?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic Anemia: Types" url="https://www.aamds.org/aplastic-anemia/types">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anemia, Aplastic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anemia,+Aplastic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complete Blood Count (CBC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fanconi anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000334.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fanconi Anemia (for Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fanconi-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fanconi-anemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fanconi anemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fanconi-anemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iron Chelation" url="https://www.aamds.org/treatment/iron-chelation">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic anemia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anemia%2C+Aplastic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reticulocyte Count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/reticulocyte-count/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-reticulocitos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant/diseases-treated-by-transplant/severe-aplastic-anemia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Special Issues for People with Aplastic Anemia" url="https://www.aamds.org/about/aplastic-anemia/special-issues">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Aplastic Anemia?" url="https://www.aamds.org/questions/what-are-treatments-aplastic-anemia#">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La apnea del sueño es un trastorno común. Ocurre cuando la respiración se interrumpe o se hace muy superficial mientras duerme. Síntomas, tratamientos." title="Apnea del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html" id="2785" language="Spanish" date-created="10/16/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La apnea del sueño es un trastorno común en donde la respiración se interrumpe o se hace muy superficial. Estas interrupciones pueden durar desde unos pocos segundos a minutos y pueden ocurrir más de 30 veces por hora. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tipo más común es la apnea obstructiva del sueño. Esta causa un colapso en las vías respiratorias o una obstrucción de ellas durante el sueño. Luego, la respiración vuelve con un ronquido o resoplido. La gente que padece de apnea suele roncar muy fuerte. De todos modos, no todas las personas que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html"&gt;roncan&lt;/a&gt; tienen apnea. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que tienen más riesgo de apnea son: hombres, personas que tienen sobrepeso, historia familiar o pequeñas vías respiratorias. Los niños con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html"&gt;amígdalas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html"&gt;adenoides&lt;/a&gt; hinchadas también pueden sufrir de apnea.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; El diagnóstico se basa en su historia médica y familiar, un examen físico y en los resultados de un examen del sueño. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Cuando el sueño se interrumpe durante la noche, puede estar somnoliento durante el día. Las personas con apnea del sueño tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir accidentes de tránsito, accidentes de trabajo y otros problemas médicos. Si usted tiene apnea del sueño, es importante que reciba tratamiento. Estos pueden incluir cambios en el estilo de vida, dispositivos bucales, cirugía y aparatos para la respiración.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html" id="2784" language="English">Sleep Apnea</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html" id="2152">Problemas del sueño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078">Problemas respiratorios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html" id="2159">Roncar</related-topic>
<site title="Adultos con apnea obstructiva del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000811.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea central del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003997.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003997.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea de la prematuridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007227.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea del prematuro" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aop.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aop.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea del sueño" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/apnea-del-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/sleep-apnea">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Apnea del sueño" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/https-familydoctor-org-condition-sleep-apnea-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea del sueño infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007660.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea obstructiva del sueño" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPAP para la apnea del sueño" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dispositivos-de-cpap-para-la-apnea-del-sueno/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo detectar el síndrome de apnea del sueño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/sleep-apnea-detection.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Sleep-Apnea-Detection.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener una lectura precisa con oxímetros de pulso" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos de presión positiva continua: Consejos para evitar 10 problemas frecuentes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/in-depth/cpap/art-20044164?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/in-depth/cpap/ART-20044164?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del sueño (polisomnografía)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep-study.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-study.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios sobre el sueño" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-del-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-studies">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mal sueño está relacionado con un mayor nivel de azúcar en sangre" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-mal-sueno-esta-relacionado-con-un-mayor-nivel-de-azucar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de hipoventilación y obesidad (SHO)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000085.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de presión positiva en las vías respiratorias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001916.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uvulopalatofaringoplastia (UPFP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007663.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Dificultad para dormir? No deje que la apnea le robe sus dulces sueños" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dificultad-para-dormir" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/07/struggling-sleep">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesita un dispositivo que afirme limpiar una máquina CPAP?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/necesita-un-dispositivo-que-afirme-limpiar-una-maquina-cpap" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/do-you-need-device-claims-clean-cpap-machine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la apnea del sueño?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/apnea-del-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-apnea">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la CPAP?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cpap" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cpap">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Siempre está cansado? Puede que tenga apnea del sueño" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/siempre-esta-cansado-puede-que-tenga-apnea-del-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/always-tired-you-may-have-sleep-apnea">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You don't have to be young to have appendicitis. Learn to identify signs, symptoms and more about this painful and serious condition." title="Appendicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendicitis.html" id="1223" language="English" date-created="06/07/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the first part of the large intestine. It is located in the lower right part of the abdomen. It has no known function. A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html"&gt;peritonitis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The main symptom is pain in the abdomen, often on the right side.  It is usually sudden and gets worse over time.  Other symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Swelling in the abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Constipation or diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Inability to pass gas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Low fever &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not everyone with appendicitis has all these symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Appendicitis is a medical emergency. Treatment almost always involves removing the appendix. Anyone can get appendicitis, but it is more common among people 10 to 30 years old.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/appendicitis.html" id="1754" language="Spanish">Apendicitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001064">Appendicitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/appendicitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/appendicitis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Abdominal and Pelvic CT (Computed Tomography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Short-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002921.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendectomy  - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100001_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100001_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendectomy (Laparoscopic) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laparoscopic_appendectomy_animation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/laparoscopic_appendectomy_animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Appendicitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/appendicitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/apendicitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Appendicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/appendicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369543?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/appendicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369543?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000256.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendicitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/appendicitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/appendicitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendicitis in Teens" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Appendicitis-in-Teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/appendicitis-in-teens.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendicitis Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/appendicitis-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-apendicitis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Appendix Pain: Preventing Appendicitis Complications" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/appendix-pain" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dolor-del-apendice">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Appendicitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Appendicitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdomus-pdi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdomus-pdi">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Appendicitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Appendicitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Abdomen (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Arm injuries and arm disorders can be caused by nerve problems, cancers, sprains, dislocations, Tendinitis and conditions such as Arthritis. " title="Arm Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4329" language="English" date-created="02/28/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Of the 206 bones in your body, three of them are in your arm: the humerus, radius, and ulna. Your arms are also made up of muscles, joints, tendons, and other connective tissue. Injuries to any of these parts of the arm can occur during sports, a fall, or an accident.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Types of arm injuries include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html"&gt;bursitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;Nerve problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
	
&lt;p&gt;You may also have problems or injure specific parts of your arm, such as your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hand&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;wrist&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;elbow&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;shoulder&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4330" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006810">Humeral Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001134">Arm Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014458">Ulna Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011885">Radius Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001132">Arm</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000503">physiopathology</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arminjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arminjuriesanddisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657">Wrist Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Arm CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007347.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arm MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arm Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/arm-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050870?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/arm-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050870?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Armpit lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003099.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brachial plexopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brachial plexus injury in newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001395.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken Arm" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-arm/symptoms-causes/syc-20353260?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-arm/symptoms-causes/syc-20353260?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bruising Hands and Arms" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/BruisingHandsAndArms?">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buerger Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arm Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arm+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Humeral Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Humeral+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Radius Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Radius+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ulna Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ulna+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distal Radius Fractures (Broken Wrist)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/distal-radius-fractures-broken-wrist/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fracturas-distales-del-radio-muneca-quebrada-distal-radius-fractures/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forearm Fractures in Children" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/forearm-fractures-in-children/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fracturas-del-antebrazo-en-los-ninos-forearm-fractures-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand/Wrist/Arm Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liebenberg syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/liebenberg-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muscles of the Upper Extremity" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/muscular/groups/upper.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arm Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humeral+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Ulna+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Arm%2Fphysiopathology%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Radius+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Arm+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radial head fracture - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000561.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radial nerve dysfunction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000790.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skeletal limb abnormalities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003170.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow-cubital-tunnel-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/atrapamiento-del-nervio-cubital-en-el-codo-sindrome-del-tunel-cubital-ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper Extremity Radiography" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/upperextremity.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Volkmann contracture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001221.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Forearm" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-forearm.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Upper Arm (Humerus)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-humerus.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Arrhythmia, also called irregular heartbeat comes in different types. The most common is atrial fibrillation. Read about symptoms and treatment." title="Arrhythmia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html" id="147" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<also-called>Irregular heartbeat</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An arrhythmia is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. It means that your heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern. When the heart beats faster than normal, it is called tachycardia. When the heart beats too slowly, it is called bradycardia. The most common type of arrhythmia is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;atrial fibrillation&lt;/a&gt;, which causes an irregular and fast heart beat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many factors can affect your heart's rhythm, such as having had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, smoking, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt;, and stress. Some substances or medicines may also cause arrhythmias. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of arrhythmias include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fast or slow heart beat&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Skipping beats&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lightheadedness or dizziness&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Chest pain&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sweating &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor can run tests to find out if you have an arrhythmia. Treatment to restore a normal heart rhythm may include medicines, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;(ICD) or pacemaker&lt;/a&gt;, or sometimes surgery. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html" id="1755" language="Spanish">Arritmia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001145">Arrhythmias, Cardiac</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arrhythmia.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html" id="4964">Atrial Fibrillation</related-topic>
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<site title="Heart Rhythm Society" url="https://www.hrsonline.org/patient-resources">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Tachycardia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tachycardia: Fast Heart Rate" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia/tachycardia--fast-heart-rate">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tilt Table Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timothy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/timothy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Arrhythmias in Children" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention--treatment-of-arrhythmia/treating-arrhythmias-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understand Your Risk for Arrhythmia" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/understand-your-risk-for-arrhythmia">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular fibrillation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007200.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Fibrillation" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular tachycardia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000187.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Defibrillators?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/defibrillators" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/desfibriladores">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is an Arrhythmia?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/arrhythmias" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/arritmias">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cardiac Arrest?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-arrest" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/paro-cardiaco">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000151.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Accessory Pathways" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.929372">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una arritmia es cualquier trastorno en los latidos del corazón o el ritmo cardiaco. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento." title="Arritmia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html" id="1755" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Disrritmias</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas con los latidos del corazón</also-called>
<also-called>Ritmo cardíaco anormal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una arritmia es cualquier trastorno en los latidos o el ritmo del corazón. Significa que el corazón late demasiado rápido o demasiado lento o que tiene un patrón irregular. Cuando el corazón late más rápido de lo normal se denomina taquicardia. Cuando late demasiado lento se llama bradicardia. El tipo más común de arritmia es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;fibrilación auricular&lt;/a&gt;, que causa un latido irregular y rápido del corazón&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos factores que pueden afectar el ritmo cardíaco, como haber tenido un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;, fumar, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; y estrés. Algunas sustancias o medicinas también pueden causar arritmias.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de arritmia incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Latidos cardíacos rápidos o lentos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Latidos perdidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mareos o vértigo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Falta de aire&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sudoración &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico puede realizar pruebas que detecten si padece de arritmia. El tratamiento para restablecer un ritmo cardíaco normal puede incluir medicamentos, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;desfibrilador cardioversor implantable&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;desfibrilador cardioversor implantable&lt;/a&gt; y, a veces, cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html" id="147" language="English">Arrhythmia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html" id="4965">Fibrilación auricular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3448">Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable</related-topic>
<see-reference>Latidos del corazón</see-reference>
<see-reference>Palpitaciones del corazón</see-reference>
<see-reference>QT largo, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ritmo del corazón</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de QT largo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome del seno enfermo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Taquicardia</see-reference>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiarrítmicos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiarritmicos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiarrhythmics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arritmia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/arritmia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/arrhythmia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arritmia" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/arritmia/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/Arrhythmia.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arritmia cardíaca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350668?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/home/ovc-20188123?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arritmia cardíaca: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350674?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arritmias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001101.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arritmias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000005.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arritmias (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/arrhythmias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/arrhythmias.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueantes cálcicos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/bloqueantes-calcicos/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Meds/calcmeds.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007658.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueo de rama" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/bloqueo-de-rama/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/bbblock.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bradicardia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bradycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355474?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bradycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355474?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardioversión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007110.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardioversor-desfibrilador: Un tratamiento para la arritmia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cardioversor-desfibrilador-un-tratamiento-para-la-arritmia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/cardioverter-defibrillator-a-treatment-for-arrhythmia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Categorías de arritmias" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/categorias-de-arritmias/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/categories-of-arrhythmias/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de Cox" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cirugia-de-cox/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/maze-surgery/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contracciones ventriculares prematuras" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/premature-ventricular-contractions/symptoms-causes/syc-20376757?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ventricular-contractions/symptoms-causes/syc-20376757?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre palpitaciones cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003081_120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003081_33.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desfibriladores automáticos externos: ¿Necesita uno?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/in-depth/automated-external-defibrillators/art-20043909?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/in-depth/automated-external-defibrillators/ART-20043909?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio electrofisiológico intracardíaco (EEFIC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003867.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios electrofisiológicos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/estudios-electrofisiologicos/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/Diag/dieps.cfm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios y procedimientos diagnósticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/estudios-y-procedimientos-diagnosticos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diagnostic-tests-and-procedures/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrilación ventricular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrilación ventricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007200.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibriloaleteo auricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000184.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000184.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación digitálica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000165.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latido cardíaco" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/el-latido-cardiaco/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/systole.cfm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latidos cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000067.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Latidos cardíacos ectópicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001100.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho (MAVD)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/displasia-ventricular-derecha-arritmogenica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/arrhythmogenic-right-ventricular-dysplasia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitor Holter (24 horas)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003877.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitores de eventos cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007700.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muerte súbita en jóvenes: se suele atribuir a problemas cardíacos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/art-20047571?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/ART-20047571?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palpitaciones cardíacas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/palpitaciones-cardiacas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/heart-palpitations.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palpitaciones cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003081.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paro cardíaco: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacarrest.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacarrest.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos de ablación cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007368.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de esfuerzo con ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003878.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la mesa inclinada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconocer el POTS (síndrome de taquicardia postural ortostática)" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reconocer-el-pots" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/09/recognizing-pots">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema de conducción" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/el-sistema-de-conduccion/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema de conducción cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000021.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Brugada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/brugada-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20370489?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brugada-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20370489?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000151.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del seno enfermo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sick-sinus-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377554?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sick-sinus-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377554?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del seno enfermo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000161.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000161.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquicardia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquicardia auricular multifocal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000186.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000186.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquicardia supraventricular paroxística (TSVP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000183.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000183.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquicardia ventricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000187.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la conducción" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-de-la-conduccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/conduction-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un paro cardíaco?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/paro-cardiaco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-arrest">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una arritmia?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/arritmias" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/arrhythmias">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los desfibriladores?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/desfibriladores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/defibrillators">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Arsenic can be in food, soil, and water. Low levels will probably not hurt you, but higher levels can cause problems. Learn more about arsenic.  " title="Arsenic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/arsenic.html" id="1569" language="English" date-created="11/01/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Arsenic is a natural element found in soil and minerals. Arsenic compounds are used to preserve wood, as pesticides, and in some industries. Arsenic can get into air, water, and the ground from wind-blown dust. It may also get into water from runoff. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may be exposed to arsenic by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking in small amounts in food, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html"&gt;drinking water&lt;/a&gt;, or air &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing sawdust or burning smoke from arsenic-treated wood &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Living in an area with high levels of arsenic in rock&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Working in a job where arsenic is made or used&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Exposure to arsenic can cause many health problems. Being exposed to low levels for a long time can change the color of your skin. It can cause corns and small warts. Exposure to high levels of arsenic can cause death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html" id="1756" language="Spanish">Arsénico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020261">Arsenic Poisoning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001151">Arsenic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="5 Ways to Reduce Arsenic in Your Child's Diet" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/pages/reduce-arsenic.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/paginas/reduce-arsenic.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsenic" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/arsenic">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arsenic" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsenic and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/chemicals/arsenic.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsenic and Drinking Water" url="https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/arsenic-and-drinking-water">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Geological Survey</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsenic in Food" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/environmental-contaminants-food/arsenic-food">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chromated Arsenicals" url="https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/chromated-arsenicals-cca">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heavy Metal Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-metales-pesados/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arsenic" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arsenic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Arsenic+Poisoning%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Substances Portal -- Arsenic" url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=19&amp;toxid=3" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts2.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El arsénico puede encontrarse en la tierra, el agua o en los alimentos. La exposición al arsénico puede causar muchos problemas de salud. " title="Arsénico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html" id="1756" language="Spanish" date-created="04/18/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El arsénico es un elemento natural que se encuentra en la tierra y entre los minerales. Los componentes del arsénico se usan para preservar la madera, como plaguicidas y en ciertas industrias. El arsénico forma parte del aire, el agua y la tierra a través del polvo que se lleva el viento. También puede penetrar en el agua debido a los desbordamientos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede quedar expuesto al arsénico por:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ingerirlo en pequeñas cantidades en los alimentos, el agua o el aire &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Inhalar aserrín o humo al quemarse las maderas tratadas con arsénico &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vivir en un área con altos niveles de arsénico en la roca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tener un trabajo en el que se produzca o se use arsénico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La exposición al arsénico puede causar muchos problemas de salud. La exposición por tiempo prolongado a niveles bajos puede cambiar el color de la piel. Puede causar callos y pequeñas verrugas. La exposición a niveles elevados de arsénico puede provocar la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arsenic.html" id="1569" language="English">Arsenic</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Arsénico" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts2.html" language-mapped-url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=19&amp;toxid=3">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsénico" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsénico (y riesgo de cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/arsenico">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para reducir el arsénico en la dieta de su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/paginas/reduce-arsenic.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/pages/reduce-arsenic.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de metales pesados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-metales-pesados/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are defects in your arteries, veins, and capillaries. They are common in the brain and spine. Find out more." title="Arteriovenous Malformations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/arteriovenousmalformations.html" id="4553" language="English" date-created="11/26/2007">
<also-called>AVM</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are defects in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;vascular system&lt;/a&gt;.  Your vascular system is your body's network of blood vessels. It includes your:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arteries,&lt;/strong&gt; which carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your tissues and organs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Veins,&lt;/strong&gt; which carry the blood and waste products back to your heart.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Capillaries,&lt;/strong&gt; which are tiny blood vessels that connect your small arteries to your small veins.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An AVM is an abnormal tangle of arteries and veins. They are connected to each other, with no capillaries between them. Without the capillaries, the blood flow from the arteries goes directly into the veins at a faster rate than normal. Because of this, the nearby tissue does not get all the oxygen it would normally get. This lack of oxygen can lead to tissue damage and the death of nerve cells and other cells. The fast rate of blood flow can also increase the blood pressure inside the arteries and veins. This can weaken the arteries and veins. A weakened artery or blood vessel could burst or leak blood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;AVMs are rare. The cause of AVMs is unknown. Most of the time, people are born with them. But sometimes they can appear shortly after birth or later in life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of AVM will depend on where the AVM is located. They can happen anywhere in the body, but they are more common in the brain or spinal cord. Most people with brain or spinal cord AVMs have few, if any, major symptoms. But if a weakened blood vessel bursts, it can spill blood into the brain (called a hemorrhage). Severe hemorrhages can cause a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; and brain damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If an AVM is causing symptoms, they can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;Seizures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the area where the AVM is located&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;speech&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have an AVM, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and medical history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam. This may include listening for a bruit. A bruit is whooshing sound caused by the rapid blood flow through the arteries and veins of an AVM.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, or cerebral angiography. For a cerebral angiography, you are injected with a special dye that helps the blood vessels in your brain show up on &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for AVMs will depend on factors such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Where the AVM is located&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Its size&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your symptoms&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Your overall health&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your risk of bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The treatment options may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Monitoring&lt;/strong&gt; for any signs that may mean you have an increased risk of hemorrhage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; to help with the symptoms from AVMs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery,&lt;/strong&gt; which may be done if you have a higher-than-usual risk of bleeding. There are a few different types of surgery for AVMs. In some cases, you may have more than one type. Surgery can be risky, especially when it's done on the brain or spinal cord. So you and your provider will need to discuss the risks and benefits of doing the surgery before you make a decision. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arteriovenousmalformations.html" id="4554" language="Spanish">Malformaciones arteriovenosas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001165">Arteriovenous Malformations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arteriovenousmalformations.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6263">Hemorrhagic Stroke</related-topic>
<see-reference>AVM</see-reference>
<site title="Arteriovenous Fistula" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriovenous Malformation (AVMs)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arteriovenous-malformations-avms">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arteriovenous Malformations (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/arteriovenous-malformations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/arteriovenous-malformations.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain AVM (Arteriovenous Malformation)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-avm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350260?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/brain-avm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350260?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/capillary-malformation-arteriovenous-malformation-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catheter Angiography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catheter Embolization" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/cathembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cathembol">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003799.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral arteriovenous malformation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000779.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arteriovenous Malformations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arteriovenous+Malformations%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CT Angiography (CTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000837.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/conditions-and-treatments/hereditary-hemorrhagic-telangiectasia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-hemorrhagic-telangiectasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intracranial Vascular Treatments" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/IntracranialVasc" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/IntracranialVasc">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000150.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MR Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parkes Weber syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/parkes-weber-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arteriovenous Malformations" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arteriovenous+Malformations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001090.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001090.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is an Arteriovenous Malformation?" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/hemorrhagic-strokes-bleeds/what-is-an-arteriovenous-malformation">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Blood Vessels Grow Awry: Understanding Vascular Malformations" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/when-blood-vessels-grow-awry" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-los-vasos-sanguineos-se-deforman">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La arteritis de células gigantes causa inflamación de las arterias del cuero cabelludo, del cuello y los brazos. Síntomas y tratamiento." title="Arteritis de células gigantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5616" language="Spanish" date-created="09/08/2010">
<also-called>Arteritis craneal</also-called>
<also-called>Arteritis de la temporal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La arteritis de células gigantes es un trastorno que causa la inflamación de las arterias del cuero cabelludo, del cuello y los brazos. Ésta estrecha las arterias, lo que impide que la sangre fluya bien. La arteritis de células gigantes ocurre a menudo con otro trastorno llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polymyalgiarheumatica.html"&gt;polimialgia reumática&lt;/a&gt;. Ambos son más comunes en mujeres que en hombres y afectan casi siempre a personas mayores de 50 años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los primeros síntomas de la arteritis de células gigantes se parecen a los de la gripe: fatiga, pérdida de apetito y fiebre. Otros síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor y sensibilidad en las sienes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visión doble o pérdida de visión, mareos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con la coordinación y el equilibrio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en la mandíbula y en la lengua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El médico hará el diagnóstico basado en su historia clínica, los síntomas y el examen físico. No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticar la arteritis de células gigantes, pero es posible que le hagan exámenes que midan la inflamación. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento se realiza con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroides&lt;/a&gt;. El tratamiento temprano es importante, de lo contrario se corre el riesgo de pérdida de visión permanente o de un ataque cerebral. Sin embargo, cuando se trata adecuadamente, la arteritis de células gigantes rara vez vuelve a aparecer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5615" language="English">Giant Cell Arteritis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="2097">Polimialgia reumática</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html" id="2218">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<site title="Arteritis de células gigantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000448.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteritis de células gigantes" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13382/arteritis-de-celulas-gigantes/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9615/giant-cell-arteritis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arteritis de células gigantes y polimialgia reumática" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/arteritis-de-celulas-gigantes-y-polimialgia-reumatica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/giant-cell-arteritis-and-polymyalgia-rheumatica/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polimialgia reumática y arteritis de células gigantes" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/polimialgia-reumatica-arteritis-celulas-gigantes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes de vasculitis del sistema nervioso central y periférico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/sindromes-de-vasculitis-del-sistema-nervioso-central-y-periferico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/vasculitis-and-nervous-system-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la arteritis de células gigantes?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/arteritis-de-celulas-gigantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-giant-cell-arteritis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Arthritis can cause pain, swelling and stiffness in and around the joints. Learn about the different types of Arthritis and how they can affect you.  " title="Arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you feel pain and stiffness in your body or have trouble moving around, you might have arthritis. Most kinds of arthritis cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. Over time, a swollen joint can become severely damaged. Some kinds of arthritis can also cause problems in your organs, such as your eyes or skin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Types of arthritis include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; is the most common type of arthritis. It's often related to aging or to an injury.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Autoimmune arthritis happens when your body's immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;Rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt; is the most common form of this kind of arthritis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html"&gt;Juvenile arthritis&lt;/a&gt; is a type of arthritis that happens in  children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html"&gt;Infectious arthritis&lt;/a&gt; is an infection that has spread from another part of the body to the joint.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html"&gt;Psoriatic arthritis&lt;/a&gt; affects people with psoriasis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html"&gt;Gout&lt;/a&gt; is a painful type of arthritis that happens when too much uric acid builds up in the body. It often starts in the big toe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757" language="Spanish">Artritis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001168">Arthritis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/arthritis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html" id="264">Gout</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html" id="5668">Infectious Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1292">Juvenile Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html" id="1250">Osteoarthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6159">Psoriatic Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232">Rheumatoid Arthritis</related-topic>
<site title="About Physical Activity and Arthritis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/spanish/conceptos-basicos/ejercicio-y-artritis.htm">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Still disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000450.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Still's Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-stills-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351907?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adult-stills-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351907?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior knee pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000452.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001243.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/arthritis-and-rheumatic-diseases">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/spanish/conceptos-basicos/preguntas-frecuentes.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis by the Numbers: Book of Trusted Facts and Figures" url="https://www.arthritis.org/getmedia/73a9f02d-7f91-4084-91c3-0ed0b11c5814/abtn-2020-final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Foundation: Local Office Directory" url="https://www.arthritis.org/local-offices/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Hand" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-hand/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Shoulder" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-shoulder" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/artritis-del-hombro-arthritis-of-the-shoulder/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Thumb" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-thumb/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Wrist" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-wrist/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Pain: Do's and Don'ts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/ART-20046440?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/art-20046440?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Pain: Treatments Absorbed through Your Skin" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/in-depth/pain-medications/ART-20045899?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20045899?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blau syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/blau-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="C-reactive protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthritis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthritis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Employees with Arthritis" url="https://askjan.org/disabilities/Arthritis.cfm?">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disability Employment Policy</organization>
</site>
<site title="ESR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Arthritis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/arthritis.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/genetics-rheumatic-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/la-genetica-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hiv-and-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-vih-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Arthritis of the Hip" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/inflammatory-arthritis-of-the-hip">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint fluid Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003743.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint Injections (Joint Aspirations)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis and Activity Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000377_23.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000377_83.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteotomy of the knee" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007499.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Enteropathic Arthritis / Arthritis Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease" url="https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/overview-of-spondyloarthritis/enteropathic-arthritis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Spondylitis Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain Relievers: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthritis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex and Arthritis" url="https://rheumatology.org/sex-and-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/sexo-y-artritis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stay active and exercise when you have arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000377.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Fluid Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thumb Arthritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic synovitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000981.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Artificial limbs, or prosthetics, can allow a person to do activities they might not be able to do otherwise. Learn more about artificial limbs." title="Artificial Limbs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/artificiallimbs.html" id="5573" language="English" date-created="07/28/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;People can lose all or part of an arm or leg for a number of reasons. Common ones include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Circulation problems from atherosclerosis or diabetes. They may cause you to need an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html"&gt;amputation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Traumatic injuries, including from traffic accidents and military combat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Birth defects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are missing an arm or leg, an artificial limb can sometimes replace it.  The device, which is called a prosthesis, can help you to perform daily activities such as walking, eating, or dressing. Some artificial limbs let you function nearly as well as before. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/artificiallimbs.html" id="5574" language="Spanish">Prótesis de las extremidades</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001186">Artificial Limbs</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/artificiallimbs.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136">Assistive Devices</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html" id="518">Limb Loss</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amputation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prosthetic Limbs</see-reference>
<site title="Brain-Machine Interfaces: Converting Thoughts into Action" url="https://www.brainfacts.org/in-the-lab/tools-and-techniques/2017/brain-machine-interfaces-converting-thoughts-into-action-092717">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Society for Neuroscience</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amputation, Traumatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amputation,+Traumatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Artificial Limbs" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Artificial+Limbs%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Veterans Affairs" url="https://www.va.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limb Prosthetics" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/limb-prosthetics/overview-of-limb-prosthetics" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/miembro-prot%C3%A9sico/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-miembros-prot%C3%A9sicos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Adults Can Thrive as Prosthesis Users" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/thrive-as-prosthesis-users/" language-mapped-url="http://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/inmotion/nov_dec_05/prosth_right_choice_seniors.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paralympic Snowboarder Amy Purdy Isn't Slowing Down" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/paralympic-snowboarder-amy-purdy-isnt-slowing-down" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/amy-purdy-practicante-de-deslizamiento-en-tabla-de-nieve-en-los-juegos-paralimpicos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prosthetic Engineering" url="https://www.amputation.research.va.gov/Prosthetic_Engineering/Prosthetic_Engineering_Overview.asp">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prosthetic Frequently Asked Questions for the New Amputee" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/prosthetic-faqs-for-the-new-amputee/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prosthetics / Limb Loss" url="https://www.research.va.gov/resources/pubs/docs/Prosthetics.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prosthetics and Related Technology" url="https://www.research.va.gov/resources/pubs/docs/prosthetics-brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prosthetics Through the Ages" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/prosthetics-through-the-ages" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/las-protesis-a-traves-del-tiempo">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artificial Limbs" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Artificial+Limbs%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitation Engineering: What is Rehabilitation Engineering?" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/rehabilitation-engineering" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/ingenier%C3%ADa-de-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Wonderful World of Cosmesis" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/the-wonderful-world-of-cosmesis/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to Replace a Prosthesis" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/when-to-replace-a-prosthesis/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La artritis puede causar síntomas como dolor e inflamación de las articulaciones. Entérese sobre los diferentes tipos de artritis y su tratamiento. " title="Artritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si siente dolor y rigidez en su cuerpo o tiene problemas para moverse es posible que padezca de artritis. La mayoría de los tipos de artritis causan dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Las articulaciones son los lugares donde se unen dos huesos, como el codo o la rodilla. Con el paso del tiempo, una articulación hinchada puede lesionarse gravemente. Algunos tipos de artritis también causan problemas en los órganos, como los ojos o la piel. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tipos de artritis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt;: El tipo más común de artritis. Suele relacionarse con el envejecimiento o una lesión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Artritis autoinmune: Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca por error los propios tejidos en su cuerpo. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt; es la forma más común de este tipo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html"&gt;Artritis juvenil&lt;/a&gt;: Es el tipo que afecta a los niños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html"&gt;Artritis infecciosa&lt;/a&gt;: Infección que se ha diseminado desde una parte del cuerpo hacia las articulaciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html"&gt;Artritis psoriásica&lt;/a&gt;: Afecta a personas con psoriasis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html"&gt;Gota&lt;/a&gt;: Tipo de artritis dolorosa que ocurre cuando el ácido úrico se acumula en exceso en el cuerpo. A menudo se inicia en el dedo gordo del pie &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
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<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1986">Artritis juvenil</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6160">Artritis psoriásica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="2128">Artritis reumatoide</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html" id="1925">Gota</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html" id="2065">Osteoartritis</related-topic>
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001243.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis del pulgar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis y el dolor de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-artritis-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/10/25/arthritis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre osteoartritis y actividad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000377_83.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000377_23.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor anterior de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000452.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor causado por la artritis: Tratamientos con medicamentos que se absorben a través de la piel" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20045899?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/in-depth/pain-medications/ART-20045899?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de artritis: Lo que se debe hacer y lo que no se debe hacer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/art-20046440?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/ART-20046440?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio ayuda a aliviar el dolor y la rigidez de la artritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/art-20047971?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/ART-20047971?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio y artritis" url="https://rheumatology.org/ejercicio-y-artritis">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Still del adulto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000450.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Still del adulto" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12009/enfermedad-de-still-del-adulto/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genética y las enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/la-genetica-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/genetics-rheumatic-diseases">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones (aspiraciones) articulares" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteotomía de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007499.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Permanecer activo y hacer ejercicio cuando tiene artritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000377.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína C reactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentirse fuera de lugar: Los dolores de la artritis" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentirse-fuera-de-lugar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/special-issues/seniors/feeling-out-joint">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexo y artritis" url="https://rheumatology.org/sexo-y-artritis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/sex-and-arthritis">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinovitis transitoria de la cadera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinovitis-transitoria-de-la-cadera-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/transient-synovitis-of-the-hip/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinovitis tóxica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000981.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram en el líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003743.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-vih-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hiv-and-rheumatic-disease">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La artritis infecciosa o séptica ocurre por una infección en una articulación. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. " title="Artritis infecciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html" id="5669" language="Spanish" date-created="10/21/2010">
<also-called>Artritis séptica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt; causan dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Una articulación es donde se unen dos huesos, como el codo o la rodilla. La artritis infecciosa es una infección en la articulación. La infección proviene de una infección bacteriana, viral o por hongos que se disemina desde otra parte del cuerpo. Los síntomas  de la artritis infecciosa incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor intenso en la articulación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enrojecimiento e hinchazón de la articulación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escalofríos y fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Imposibilidad de mover el área de la articulación infectada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un tipo de artritis infecciosa es la artritis reactiva. La reacción es a una infección en otra parte del cuerpo. Las articulaciones afectadas son generalmente la rodilla, el tobillo o el pie. A veces, la infección que causa la artritis reactiva ocurre en la vejiga, la uretra (el tubo que conduce la orina) o en mujeres la vagina. En hombres y mujeres puede comenzar por una bacteria transmitida sexualmente. Otra forma de artritis reactiva comienza al consumir alimentos contaminados o al manejar algo infectado con bacterias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la artritis infecciosa, su médico puede hacerle pruebas de sangre, orina y líquido de la articulación. El tratamiento incluye medicamentos y, a veces, cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html" id="5668" language="English">Infectious Arthritis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757">Artritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artritis séptica</see-reference>
<site title="Antígeno HLA-B27" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003551.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003629.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artritis fúngica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000444.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis gonocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000453.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000440.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reactiva" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/artritis-reactiva-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/reactive-arthritis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis séptica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000430.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis séptica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bone-and-joint-infections/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350760?p=1">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Artritis viral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000416.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de líquido articular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003742.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones (aspiraciones) articulares" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus de la hepatitis C y las enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-virus-de-la-hepatitis-c-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hcv-and-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la artritis reactiva?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-reactiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/reactive-arthritis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La artritis juvenil afecta a los niños. Provoca inflamación de las articulaciones, dolor, rigidez y pérdida de movimiento." title="Artritis juvenil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1986" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Artritis idiopática juvenil</also-called>
<also-called>Artritis inflamatoria crónica en los niños</also-called>
<also-called>Artritis reumatoide juvenil</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La artritis juvenil es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;  que afecta a los niños. Provoca inflamación de las articulaciones, dolor, rigidez y pérdida de movimiento. Puede afectar cualquier articulación, pero es más común en las rodillas, las manos y los pies. En algunos casos también puede afectar a los órganos internos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tipo más común de artritis juvenil en niños es la artritis idiopática juvenil. Hay varias otras formas de artritis que afectan a los niños.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una señal temprana de artritis juvenil puede ser cojear por las mañanas. Los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. Algunos niños tienen sólo una o dos crisis. Otros tienen síntomas que no desaparecen. La artritis juvenil puede causar problemas de crecimiento e inflamación ocular en algunos niños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce exactamente qué causa la artritis juvenil. La mayoría de los tipos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;trastornos autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;. Esto significa que su sistema inmunitario, que normalmente ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir infecciones, ataca los propios tejidos. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La artritis  juvenil puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Su médico puede realizar un examen físico, pruebas de laboratorio y radiografías. Un equipo médico por lo general la trata. Medicamentos y la terapia física pueden ayudar a mantener la circulación y reducir la hinchazón y el dolor. También pueden ayudar a prevenir y tratar las complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1292" language="English">Juvenile Arthritis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757">Artritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="2128">Artritis reumatoide</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artritis reumatoide juvenil</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad de Still</see-reference>
<see-reference>Juvenil, Artritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Still, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/anticuerpos-antinucleares-ana" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/antinuclear-antibodies-ana">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis idiopática juvenil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000451.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis infantil: Cuando el dolor articular afecta a los niños" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/artritis-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/05/childhood-arthritis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artritis juvenil" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/artritis-juvenil" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/juvenile-arthritis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide juvenil" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/artritis-reumatoide-juvenil-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo apoyar a un niño con artritis juvenil" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-apoyar-a-un-nino-con-artritis-juvenil" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-support-kids-with-juvenile-arthritis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factor reumatoideo (FR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003548.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de factor reumatoideo (FR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-factor-reumatoideo-fr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rheumatoid-factor-rf-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la artritis idiopática juvenil?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-juvenil" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/juvenile-arthritis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un reumatólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-rheumatologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Rheumatologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La psoriasis causa picazón o parches dolorosos de piel engrosada, enrojecida y escamosa. Entérese sobre causas y tratamiento. " title="Artritis psoriásica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6160" language="Spanish" date-created="09/09/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad de la piel que causa picazón o parches dolorosos de piel que se ha engrosado y enrojecido con escamas plateadas. Suele aparecer en los hombros, las rodillas, el cuero cabelludo, la espalda, la cara, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies, pero también puede presentarse en otras partes del cuerpo.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con esta afección desarrollan artritis psoriásica. Esto genera dolor, rigidez e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Generalmente es leve pero a veces puede ser grave y afectar varias articulaciones a la vez. Estos problemas y los de la piel quizás no sucedan al mismo tiempo.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su doctor hará un examen físico y de imágenes para diagnosticar la enfermedad. No existe una cura, pero los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar la inflamación y el dolor. En raras ocasiones, se puede necesitar cirugía para reparar o reemplazar las articulaciones dañadas.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6159" language="English">Psoriatic Arthritis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<site title="Artritis psoriásica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000413.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis psoriásica" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/artritis-psoriasica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/psoriatic-arthritis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis psoriásica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/psoriatic-arthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354081?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la artritis psoriásica?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-psoriasica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/psoriatic-arthritis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La artritis reumatoide es una forma de artritis que causa dolor, inflamación, rigidez y pérdida de la función en articulaciones. Síntomas y tratamientos." title="Artritis reumatoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="2128" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>AR</also-called>
<also-called>Artritis reumatoidea</also-called>
<also-called>Reuma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La artritis reumatoide es una forma de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt; que causa dolor, inflamación, rigidez y pérdida de la función de las articulaciones. Puede afectar cualquier articulación, pero es común en las muñecas y los dedos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Más mujeres que hombres padecen artritis reumatoide. Suele comenzar en la edad mediana y es más común entre los adultos mayores. Usted puede padecer la enfermedad por un corto período o los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. La forma severa puede durar toda la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La artritis reumatoide es diferente a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt;, la forma común de artritis a edad avanzada. La artritis reumatoide puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo además de las articulaciones, como los ojos, la boca y los pulmones. Ésta es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedad autoinmune&lt;/a&gt;, lo que significa que la artritis es el resultado de un ataque de su sistema inmunitario a sus propios tejidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la artritis reumatoide. Los genes, el ambiente y las hormonas pueden tener un rol. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cambios en el estilo de vida y cirugía. Pueden disminuir o detener el daño en las articulaciones y reducir el dolor y la inflamación.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232" language="English">Rheumatoid Arthritis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757">Artritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1986">Artritis juvenil</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="1748">Espondilitis anquilosante</related-topic>
<site title="Anticuerpo antimitocondrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del complemento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-complemento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complement-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/artritis-reumatoide-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/rheumatoid-arthritis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide en el pie y tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis-in-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/artritis-reumatoide-y-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide: ¿Puede afectar los ojos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/faq-20057897?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/FAQ-20057897?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide: ¿Puede afectar los pulmones?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/faq-20058245?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/FAQ-20058245?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000431.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis y el dolor de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-artritis-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/10/25/arthritis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complemento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003456.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componente 3 del complemento (C3)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003539.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componente 4 del complemento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003354.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre los síntomas de la artritis reumatoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000431_80.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000431_20.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de globulinas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003544.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/embarazo-y-enfermedad-reumatica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/pregnancy-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad pulmonar reumatoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000113.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad vascular del colágeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escleritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001003.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de nefelometría cuantitativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factor reumatoideo (FR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003548.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones (aspiraciones) articulares" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumoconiosis reumatoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000137.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína C reactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antipéptido cíclico citrulinado (anti-CCP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antipeptido-ciclico-citrulinado-anti-ccp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ccp-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de factor reumatoideo (FR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-factor-reumatoideo-fr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rheumatoid-factor-rf-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Queratitis ulcerativa periférica" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-c%C3%B3rnea/queratitis-ulcerativa-perif%C3%A9rica" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/corneal-disorders/peripheral-ulcerative-keratitis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema Inmunológico y la Enfermedad Reumática" url="https://rheumatology.org/el-sistema-inmunologico-y-la-enfermedad-reumatica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/immune-system-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Felty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000445.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uveítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis necrosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wozniacki y campaña AdvantageHers: Estrella del tenis se hace cargo de la vida con artritis reumatoide" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/wozniacki-y-campana-advantagehers-eestrella-del-tenis-se-hace-cargo-de-la-vida-con-artritis-reumatoide" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/advantage-wozniacki-tennis-star-on-taking-charge-of-life-with-ra">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la artritis reumatoide?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-reumatoide" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rheumatoid-arthritis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Asbesto es el nombre de un grupo de minerales con fibras largas y delgadas. Respirar altas dosis de asbesto puede causar asbestosis, mesotelioma y cáncer. " title="Asbesto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html" id="1758" language="Spanish" date-created="10/16/2002">
<also-called>Amianto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Asbesto es el nombre de un grupo de minerales con fibras largas y delgadas.  Antes, se lo utilizaba mucho en los aislamientos térmicos. También está presenté en el medio ambiente. Las fibras de asbesto son tan pequeñas que no es posible verlas. Si las fibras se sacuden, flotan en el aire. Así, son más fáciles de inhalar y pueden quedar atrapadas en los pulmones.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si una persona inhala altos niveles de asbestos, con el tiempo pueden acumularse en los pulmones y causar cicatrices e inflamación. Esto afecta la respiración. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Tarde o temprano puede causar enfermedades como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Asbestosis, o excoriaciones en los pulmones, que a su vez dificultan la respiración &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mesothelioma.html"&gt;Mesotelioma&lt;/a&gt;, un cáncer raro que afecta las membranas que recubren los pulmones o el abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades de los pulmones relacionadas con el asbesto suelen desarrollarse durante muchos años. En general, las personas que se enferman a causa del asbesto es porque han estado expuestas al asbesto en sus trabajos por mucho tiempo. Fumar cigarrillos aumenta el riesgo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html" id="1330" language="English">Asbestos</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mesothelioma.html" id="4015">Mesotelioma</related-topic>
<site title="ABC del asbesto en las escuelas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/el-abc-del-asbesto-en-las-escuelas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbesto" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts61.html" language-mapped-url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=29&amp;toxid=4">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbestosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000118.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbestosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asbestosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354643?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="ATSDR en español" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al asbesto y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/asbesto/hoja-informativa-asbesto" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mejores prácticas para prevenir la exposición al asbesto entre los trabajadores que reparan frenos y embragues" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/las-mejores-practicas-para-prevenir-la-exposicion-al-asbesto-entre-los-trabajadores-que" language-mapped-url="https://www2.epa.gov/asbestos/current-best-practices-preventing-asbestos-exposure-among-brake-and-clutch-repair-workers-1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals with thin fibers. Breathing high levels of asbestos can lead to mesothelioma or lung cancer. Read more." title="Asbestos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html" id="1330" language="English" date-created="08/31/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals with long, thin fibers. It was once used widely as insulation. It also occurs in the environment. Asbestos fibers are so small you can't see them. If you disturb asbestos, the fibers can float in the air. This makes them easy to inhale, and some may become lodged in the lungs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you breathe in high levels of asbestos over a long period of time, the fibers can build up in the lungs.  This causes scarring and inflammation, and can affect breathing. Eventually it can lead to diseases such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asbestosis, or scarring of the lungs that makes it hard to breathe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mesothelioma.html"&gt;Mesothelioma&lt;/a&gt;, a rare cancer that affects the lining of the lungs or abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html"&gt;Lung cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lung diseases associated with asbestos usually develop over many years. People who become ill from asbestos are usually exposed on the job over long periods of time. Smoking cigarettes increases the risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html" id="1758" language="Spanish">Asbesto</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001194">Asbestos</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001195">Asbestosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mesothelioma.html" id="4014">Mesothelioma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Asbestosis</see-reference>
<site title="Asbestos" url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=29&amp;toxid=4" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts61.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbestos" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/indoor-air/indoor-air-pollutants/asbestos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/asbesto/hoja-informativa-asbesto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asbestosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asbestosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354637?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbestosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000118.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Asbestosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Asbestosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Mesothelioma" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/mesothelioma/learn-about-mesothelioma">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration" url="https://www.osha.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.osha.gov/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Family from Exposures to Asbestos" url="https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/protect-your-family-exposures-asbestos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbestos" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Asbestosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Asbestos%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety and Health Topics: Asbestos" url="https://www.osha.gov/asbestos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talc" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/talc">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Interstitial Lung Diseases?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El asesoramiento genético ofrece información y apoyo a personas que tienen o pueden tener riesgos de trastornos genéticos.  " title="Asesoramiento genético" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html" id="3812" language="Spanish" date-created="09/13/2005">
<also-called>Consulta sobre genética</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El asesoramiento genético ofrece información y apoyo a las personas que tienen o pueden tener riesgos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos genéticos&lt;/a&gt;. Un genetista se reunirá con usted para hablar de los riesgos genéticos. La consulta puede ser sobre usted o un familiar, o puede acceder a esta información cuando piense o planee tener un bebé. Puede obtener más información con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Existen muchas razones para buscar asesoramiento genético. Puede pensar en hacerlo si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene historial familiar de una afección genética o defecto congénito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Está embarazada o planea estarlo después de los 35 años &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ya tiene un hijo con un trastorno o defecto congénito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tuvo dos o más pérdidas de embarazos o un bebé que falleció &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Se realizó un ultrasonido o pruebas que sugieren la posibilidad de un problema &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html" id="3811" language="English">Genetic Counseling</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHGRI">Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921">Enfermedades genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html" id="4485">Historia familiar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" id="1922">Pruebas genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" id="3092">Pruebas prenatales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Genética, Asesoramiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Historia médica familiar</see-reference>
<site title="Asesoramiento en genética" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/asesoramiento-en-genetica.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/genetic-counseling">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asesoramiento genético" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetic-counseling.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetic-counseling.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asesoría genética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000510.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender las pruebas genéticas de riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/genetica/pruebas-geneticas-para-evaluar-el-riesgo-de-cancer/comprension-de-las-pruebas-geneticas-para-el-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-for-cancer-risk/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un genetista pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Asian Americans may have different health issues than the general population. Find out more." title="Asian American Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/asianamericanhealth.html" id="150" language="English" date-created="05/25/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result 
from:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Environmental factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Access to care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cultural factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Asian Americans.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asianamericanhealth.html" id="1759" language="Spanish">Salud de los asiáticoamericanos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001213">Asian</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asianamericanhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimhd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nativehawaiianandpacificislanderhealth.html" id="6250">Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Health</related-topic>
<site title="A1C Test and Race/Ethnicity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asian &amp; Pacific Islander American Health Forum" url="https://www.apiahf.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Asian &amp; Pacific Islander American Health Forum</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asian American Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/asian-american-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/asthma-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/cancer-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Liver Disease and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/chronic-liver-disease-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Asian Americans" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Asian+Americans%22+OR+%22Chinese+Americans%22+OR+%22Korean+Americans%22+OR+%22Japanese+Americans%22+OR+%22Filipino+Americans%22+OR+%22Hmong+Americans%22+OR+%22South+Asian+Americans%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/diabetes-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Health of Asian Non-Hispanic Population" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/asian-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma in Asian Populations" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/glaucoma-in-asian-populations">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health and Health Care for Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) in the United States" url="https://www.kff.org/infographic/health-and-health-care-for-asian-americans-native-hawaiians-and-other-pacific-islanders-nhopis-in-the-united-states/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/heart-disease-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunizations and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/immunizations-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/infant-mortality-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kawasaki.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kawasaki.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental and Behavioral Health -- Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/mental-and-behavioral-health-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities" url="https://www.nimhd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/obesity-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="People with Lupus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/data-research/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/spanish/features/lupus-asiaticos-hispanos.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asian American health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Asian%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A veces es necesaria ayuda para pagar las cuentas médicas. Infórmese sobre la asistiencia económica disponible." title="Asistencia económica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html" id="3187" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<also-called>Asistencia financiera</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cuidado de la salud puede ser costoso. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html"&gt;seguros médicos&lt;/a&gt; suelen cubrir por lo menos parte de los gastos médicos. Si no tiene un seguro médico o necesita ayuda con los gastos que no están cubiertos, podría contar con ayuda económica. Algunos programas del gobierno y organizaciones sin fines de lucro pueden ayudar. También puede hablar acerca de sus dudas sobre el pago de las facturas médicas con el profesional de la salud, un trabajador social o la oficina administrativa del hospital o la clínica.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html" id="3186" language="English">Financial Assistance</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Ayuda para pagar medicamentos recetados" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/administracion-de-los-costos/programas-de-ayuda-para-medicamentos-recetados.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-health-insurance/prescription-drug-assistance-programs.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios para niños incapacitados" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10926.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10026.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cosas que hay que saber sobre el costo del tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/administracion-de-los-costos/el-costo-del-tratamiento-contra-el-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-costs/the-cost-of-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ocho maneras de reducir sus costos de atención médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000870.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programas de ayuda de nutrición" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10978.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/10100.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguro por incapacidad" url="https://www.ssa.gov/es/disability" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/disability">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El asma causa inflamación y estrechamiento de las vías respiratorias. Los síntomas incluyen tos y dificultad para respirar. Tratamiento para el asma. " title="Asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html" id="1760" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El asma es una enfermedad pulmonar crónica (de largo plazo). Afecta las vías respiratorias, los conductos que llevan el aire hacia y desde los pulmones. Cuando tiene asma, sus vías respiratorias pueden inflamarse y estrecharse. Esto puede causar sibilancias, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;tos&lt;/a&gt; y opresión en el pecho. Cuando estos síntomas son peores que lo habitual, se conoce como ataque de asma o crisis asmática.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa exacta del asma. Es probable que la genética y el ambiente influyan en quién padece asma.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un ataque de asma puede ocurrir cuando está expuesto a un desencadenante del asma. Un desencadenante es algo que puede propiciar o empeorar los síntomas del asma. Diferentes desencadenantes pueden causar diversos tipos de asma:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El asma alérgica es causada por alérgenos. Los alérgenos son sustancias que provocan una reacción alérgica. Pueden incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ácaros del polvo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html"&gt;Moho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mascotas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Polen de pasto, árboles y malezas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desechos de plagas como cucarachas y ratones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;El asma no alérgica es causada por desencadenantes que no son alérgenos, como:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Respirar aire frío&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html"&gt;Productos químicos domésticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriados&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;Contaminación exterior del aire&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;Humo de tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;El asma ocupacional es causado por respirar químicos o polvos industriales en el trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El asma inducida por el ejercicio ocurre durante la actividad física, especialmente cuando el aire está seco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los desencadenantes del asma pueden ser diferentes para cada persona y pueden cambiar con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de padecer asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El asma afecta a personas de todas las edades, pero a menudo comienza en la niñez. Ciertos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener asma:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haberse expuesto al humo de segunda mano&lt;/strong&gt; cuando su madre estuvo embarazada de usted o cuando usted era un niño pequeño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estar expuesto a ciertas sustancias en el trabajo&lt;/strong&gt;, como irritantes químicos o polvos industriales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética e historia familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: Es más probable que tenga asma si uno de sus padres la tiene, especialmente su madre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza o etnia&lt;/strong&gt;: Los afroamericanos y los portorriqueños tienen un mayor riesgo de asma que las personas de otras razas o etnias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener otras enfermedades o afecciones &lt;/strong&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;alergias &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haber tenido varias infecciones respiratorias virales&lt;/strong&gt; cuando niño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: En niños, el asma es más común en los varones. En adolescentes y adultos, es más común en mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del asma incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Opresión en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tos, especialmente por la noche o temprano en la mañana&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sibilancia, que provoca un silbido al exhalar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Estos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Pueden presentarse todos los días o solo de vez en cuando.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando tiene un ataque de asma, sus síntomas empeoran mucho. Los ataques pueden aparecer de forma gradual o repentina. En ocasiones, pueden poner en peligro la vida. Son más comunes en personas que tienen asma grave. Si tiene ataques de asma, es posible que necesite un cambio en su tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el asma:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;Pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo espirometría para evaluar qué tan bien funcionan sus pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas para medir cómo reaccionan sus vías respiratorias a exposiciones específicas. Durante esta prueba, se inhalan diferentes concentraciones de alérgenos o medicamentos que pueden tensar los músculos de las vías respiratorias. La espirometría se realiza antes y después de la prueba&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de flujo espiratorio máximo para medir qué tan rápido puede expulsar aire con el máximo esfuerzo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prueba de fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico para medir los niveles de óxido nítrico en su aliento al exhalar. Los niveles altos de óxido nítrico pueden significar que sus pulmones están inflamados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/"&gt;sangre &lt;/a&gt; o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/"&gt;piel&lt;/a&gt; para alergias, si tiene antecedentes de alergias. Estas pruebas verifican qué alérgenos causan una reacción de su sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene asma, su profesional de la salud y usted crearán un plan de tratamiento. El plan incluirá formas de controlar sus síntomas y prevenir ataques, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estrategias para evitar desencadenantes&lt;/strong&gt;: Por ejemplo, si el humo del tabaco es un desencadenante para usted, no debe fumar ni permitir que otras personas fumen en su casa o automóvil&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos de alivio rápido&lt;/strong&gt;, también llamados medicamentos de rescate: Ayudan a prevenir los síntomas o aliviarlos durante un ataque de asma. Incluyen un inhalador para que lo lleve consigo todo el tiempo. También puede incluir otros tipos de medicamentos que actúan rápidamente para ayudar a abrir las vías respiratorias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos de control&lt;/strong&gt;: Estos se toman todos los días para ayudar a prevenir los síntomas. Actúan reduciendo la inflamación de las vías respiratorias y previniendo su estrechamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un ataque severo y los medicamentos de alivio rápido no funcionan, necesitará atención de emergencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede ajustar su tratamiento hasta que se controlen los síntomas del asma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, el asma es grave y no se puede controlar con otros tratamientos. Si es un adulto con asma no controlada, en algunos casos su proveedor puede sugerirle una termoplastia bronquial. Este es un procedimiento que usa calor para encoger el músculo liso de los pulmones. La contracción del músculo reduce la capacidad de las vías respiratorias para contraerse y permite respirar con más facilidad. El procedimiento tiene algunos riesgos, por lo que es importante conversarlos con su médico.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2" language="English">Asthma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html" id="2237">Asma en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973">Contaminación de interiores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078">Problemas respiratorios</related-topic>
<see-reference>Asma bronquial</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca del asma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/es/about/acerca-del-asma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del asma" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/acerca-del-asma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del moho" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/acerca-del-moho" language-mapped-url="https://www2.epa.gov/asthma/asthma-triggers-gain-control#abt-molds">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y mohos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y polen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y polvo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000141.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/asma-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma en adultos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000208.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asma inducida por el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma ocupacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000110.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/asma-embarazo/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/asthma-and-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma, alergias y embarazo" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/asma,-alergias-y-embarazo-consejos-para-tener-en-c" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/asthma,-allergies-and-pregnancy-ttr">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque de asma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20354268?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20354268?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoespasmo inducido por el ejercicio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/broncoespasmo-inducido-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-bronchospasm/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controle su asma: Conozca los detonantes y sus opciones de tratamiento" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/controle-su-asma-conozca-los-detonantes-y-sus-opciones-de-tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/manage-your-asthma-know-your-triggers-and-treatment-options">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corticoesteroides inhalables y osteoporosis" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/corticoesteroides-inhalables-y-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el tratamiento del asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000141_116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000141_36.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo controlar el asma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/es/control/como-controlar-el-asma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/control/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo purificar el aire que provoca ataques de asma en interiores" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/10_steps_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reconocer las señales de asma" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/como-reconocer-las-senales-de-asma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/healthinfo/conditions/asthma/symptoms.aspx?modal=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo respirar cuando le falta el aliento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar el inhalador de dosis medida" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/14-ASTHMA-TSS.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar su espirómetro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000043.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un inhalador con espaciador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000042.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un inhalador sin espaciador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000041.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000041.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un nebulizador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000006.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desencadenantes y administración del asma" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/desencadenantes-de-asma-y-administracion-consejos">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para el asma: ¿Lo que comes hace la diferencia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma-diet/faq-20058105?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma-diet/FAQ-20058105?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio y asma" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/ejercicio-y-asma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/exercise-and-asthma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides orales" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/esteroides-orales">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre los inhaladores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000005_115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000005_32.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evite los desencadenantes del asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar y el asma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fármacos de alivio rápido para el asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000008.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fármacos de control para el asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000005.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga de la medición del flujo máximo un hábito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000046.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humo de segunda mano y el asma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/enfermedades/tabaquismo-humo-segunda-mano-asma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limite los ataques de asma provocados por resfríos o gripe" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/in-depth/asthma/art-20043943?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/in-depth/asthma/ART-20043943?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos que pueden empeorar el asma" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-que-pueden-empeorar-el-asma/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/asthma/prevention/medicines-that-can-make-it-worse.printerview.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas con mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones a causa de la influenza" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plan de acción para asma" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/plan-de-accion-para-el-asma/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/asthma/treatment/asthma-action-plan.printerview.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que debo hacer cuando el asma que padezco no mejora" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/preguntas-que-debe-realizar-cuando-el-asma-no-mejora/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/questions-to-ask-when-asthma-doesnt-get-better/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y aparato respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lungs.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respire como todos los demás" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/respire-como-todos-los-demas" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/breathing-like-everyone-else">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sibilancias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de un ataque de asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y el asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tome control de los factores desencadenantes de su asma" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/tome-control-de-los-factores-desencadenantes-de-su-asma" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/asthma/asthma-triggers-gain-control">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/tos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cough/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sueño asociados al asma y la EPOC" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/sleep-problems-in-asthma-and-copd.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/sleep-problems-asthma-copd.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de lavados nasales" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/tratamiento-de-lavados-nasales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/alternative/nasal-wash-treatment?modal=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del espaciador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100203_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100203_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del inhalador de dosis medidas: Procedimientos médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100200_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100200_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del medidor de flujo espiratorio máximo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100202_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100202_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del nebulizador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100201_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100201_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar con problemas respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la disfunción de las cuerdas vocales y el asma?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/faq-20058019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/FAQ-20058019?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Las alergias provocan asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el asma?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/asma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácaros del polvo en el hogar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/acaros-del-polvo-en-el-hogar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/asthma/prevention/dust-mites-in-the-home.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las vías respiratorias de los niños son pequeñas y el asma puede ser más severo en ellos. Causas, síntomas y tratamiento. " title="Asma en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html" id="2237" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad pulmonar crónica (de largo plazo). Afecta las vías respiratorias, los conductos que llevan el aire hacia y desde los pulmones. Cuando tiene asma, sus vías respiratorias pueden inflamarse y estrecharse. Esto puede causar sibilancias, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;tos&lt;/a&gt; y opresión en el pecho. Cuando estos síntomas son peores que lo habitual, se conoce como ataque de asma o crisis asmática. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo afecta el asma a los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, el asma comienza en la niñez, en general antes de los 5 años. Muchos niños tienen asma. Es la enfermedad crónica más común de la niñez. Puede causar que falten a la escuela y deban ir al hospital. Sin embargo, los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar el asma. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el asma en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa exacta del asma. Es probable que la genética y el ambiente tengan algo que ver con el asma en los niños. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un ataque de asma puede ocurrir cuando su hijo está expuesto a un desencadenante del asma, como se conoce lo que puede causar o empeorar los síntomas del asma. Diferentes desencadenantes pueden causar distintos tipos de asma:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El asma alérgica es causada por alérgenos. Los alérgenos son sustancias que provocan una reacción alérgica. Pueden incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ácaros del polvo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html"&gt;Moho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mascotas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Polen de pasto, árboles y malezas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desechos de plagas como cucarachas y ratones&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;El asma no alérgica es causada por desencadenantes que no son alérgenos, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Respirar aire frío&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html"&gt;Productos químicos domésticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Infecciones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriados &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;Contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt; exterior&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Humo de tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;El asma inducida por el ejercicio ocurre durante el ejercicio físico, especialmente cuando el aire es seco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los desencadenantes del asma pueden ser diferentes para cada niño y pueden cambiar con el tiempo.

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué niños tienen riesgo de padecer asma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores aumentan el riesgo de asma en los niños:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar expuesto al &lt;strong&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/strong&gt; cuando la madre está embarazada del niño o cuando son pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética e historia familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: Los niños tienen más probabilidades de tener asma si uno de sus padres la tiene, en especial si es la madre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza o etnia&lt;/strong&gt;: Los afroamericanos y los puertorriqueños tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer asma que las personas de otras razas o etnias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;strong&gt;otras enfermedades o afecciones&lt;/strong&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;alergias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Padecer &lt;strong&gt;infecciones respiratorias virales&lt;/strong&gt; frecuentes cuando eran niños pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Género&lt;/strong&gt;: El asma es más común en los niños hombres. En adolescentes, es más común en las niñas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del asma en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del asma en los niños incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Opresión en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tos, especialmente por la noche o temprano en la mañana&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;, como falta de aire, respiración rápida o jadear para obtener aire&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Sensación de cansancio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Círculos oscuros debajo de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sibilancias, que producen un silbido cuando exhalan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dificultad para comer o succionar (en bebés)&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Pueden ocurrir con frecuencia o solo de vez en cuando. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando los niños tienen un ataque de asma, sus síntomas empeoran mucho. Los ataques pueden aparecer de forma gradual o repentina. En ocasiones, pueden poner en peligro la vida. Los signos de advertencia de un ataque severo incluyen tos intensa, problemas respiratorios graves y palidez o un color azulado en la cara, labios y uñas. Si su hijo tiene esos síntomas, busque ayuda médica de inmediato. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el asma en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ser difícil diagnosticar el asma en los niños, especialmente si son pequeños. El asma tiene síntomas similares a los de otras afecciones infantiles. Además, es posible que algunos niños no presenten síntomas de asma con mucha frecuencia, por lo que puede parecer que están teniendo infecciones respiratorias. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El profesional de la salud de su hijo puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el asma:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografía&lt;/a&gt; de pecho&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;Pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; incluida la espirometría, para evaluar el funcionamiento de los pulmones. Los niños más pequeños generalmente no pueden realizar estas pruebas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/"&gt;sangre &lt;/a&gt; o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/"&gt;piel&lt;/a&gt; para alergias, si tiene antecedentes de alergias. Estas pruebas verifican qué alérgenos causan una reacción del sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un niño pequeño que no puede realizar pruebas de función pulmonar, el profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que pruebe medicamentos para el asma. Este tratamiento implica administrarle a su hijo medicinas durante varias semanas para ver si los síntomas mejoran. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el asma en niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si su hijo tiene asma, su profesional de la salud trabajara en conjunto con usted para crear un plan de tratamiento. Este plan incluirá formas de controlar los síntomas y prevenir ataques de asma, como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estrategias para evitar desencadenantes&lt;/strong&gt;: Por ejemplo, si el humo del tabaco es un desencadenante para su hijo, no debe permitir que nadie fume en su casa o automóvil&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos de alivio rápido&lt;/strong&gt;, también llamados medicamentos de rescate: Ayudan a prevenir los síntomas o aliviarlos durante un ataque de asma. Incluyen un inhalador para que su hijo tenga en todo momento. También puede incluir otros tipos de medicamentos que actúan rápidamente para ayudar a abrir las vías respiratorias de su hijo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos de control&lt;/strong&gt;: estos se toman todos los días para ayudar a prevenir los síntomas. Actúan reduciendo la inflamación de las vías respiratorias y previniendo el estrechamiento de las vías respiratorias. No todos los niños toman medicamentos de control. El hecho de que su hijo los necesite o no depende de la gravedad de su asma y de la frecuencia de sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si su hijo tiene un ataque severo y los medicamentos de alivio a corto plazo no funcionan, busque ayuda médica de inmediato. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El profesional de la salud de su hijo puede ajustar el tratamiento hasta que se controlen los síntomas del asma. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html" id="1507" language="English">Asthma in Children</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html" id="1760">Asma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973">Contaminación de interiores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html" id="1730">Contaminación del aire</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078">Problemas respiratorios</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Asma en</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Asma en</see-reference>
<site title="9 desencadenantes del asma y cómo evitarlos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/asthma-triggers-and-what-to-do-about-them.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/pages/Asthma-Triggers-and-What-to-do-About-Them.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta de niños con asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000001.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000990.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000990.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000209.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma entre los jóvenes que residen en granjas operadas por hispanos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-158_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma inducida por el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma infantil" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351507?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351507?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma y alergias a los alimentos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/asthma-and-food-allergies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Asthma-and-Food-Allergies.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma y la escuela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000019.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contaminación atmosférica y asma (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ozone-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contaminación atmosférica y el asma (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ozone-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ozone-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis asmáticas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flare-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flare-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el manejo del asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000990_111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000990_53.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo acudir a un servicio de urgencias si su hijo tiene asma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/er-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/er-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo controlar las crisis asmáticas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/asthma-flare-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/asthma-flare-up.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo respirar cuando le falta el aliento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar su espirómetro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000043.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un inhalador con espaciador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000042.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un inhalador sin espaciador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000041.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000041.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un nebulizador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000006.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del asma en los bebés y en los niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/diagnosing-asthma-in-very-young-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/pages/Diagnosing-Asthma-in-Very-Young-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del asma en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/diagnosing-asthma.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/pages/Diagnosing-Asthma.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dusty la carpa dorada del asma y sus provocadores del asma: Revista de muñequitos" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/dustythegoldfish_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/asthma/pdfs/dustythegoldfish_en.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio y el asma en la escuela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000037.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escuela y el asma (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/school-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/school-asthma.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre los inhaladores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000005_115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000005_32.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evite los desencadenantes del asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar y el asma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fármacos de alivio rápido para el asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000008.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fármacos de control para el asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000005.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga de la medición del flujo máximo un hábito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000046.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhaladores" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/references/pfs/homecare/inhalers-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantener el asma bajo control" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/asthma-mgmt.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asthma-mgmt.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el asma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rescue-controller.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rescue-controller.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el asma: Alivio rápido" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/asthma-medicines-quick-relief.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el asma: Control de largo plazo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/asthma-medicines-long-term-control.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para tratar el asma en niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/medications-used-to-treat-asthma.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nebulizador" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17129/nebulizador/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de alergias y asma en niños" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/prevencion-de-alergias-y-asma-en-ninos-consejos-pa" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y aparato respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lungs.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiración sibilante o jadeante y asma en bebés" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/wheezing-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wheezing-asthma.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Si tengo asma, ¿puedo conservar mi mascota?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/asthma-pet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/asthma-pet.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sibilancias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de un ataque de asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del asma en niños de 5 a 11 años" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/art-20044383?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/ART-20044383?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el asma en niños menores de 5 años" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/art-20044376?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/ART-20044376?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento y plan de acción" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/asma/plan-de-accion-y-tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma/treatment-action-plan">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del espaciador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100203_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100203_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del inhalador de dosis medidas: Procedimientos médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100200_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100200_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del medidor de flujo espiratorio máximo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100202_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100202_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del nebulizador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100201_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100201_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar con problemas respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Alergias son la causa del asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Apoya su escuela a los niños que tienen asma?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/lung/asthma_friendly_checklist_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/lung/chc_chk.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre nebulizador e inhalador?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nebulizer-inhaler.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo funcionan los medicamentos para el asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/asthma-medicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/asthma-medicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿En qué se diferencian un nebulizador y un inhalador?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nebulizer-inhaler.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/?search=y&amp;q=inhaler&amp;site=kh&amp;client=ms_k_en&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=subject.description">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Las alergias causan el asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pueden hacer deporte los niños que tienen asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/asthma-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/asthma-sports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el asma? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/asthma-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asthma-basics.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un plan de acción contra el asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/action-plan-art.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Y si mi hijo no se toma la medicación para el asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-asthma-medication.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-asthma-medication.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Find out about symptoms, tests, and treatment of aspergillosis, a disease caused by a fungus. " title="Aspergillosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/aspergillosis.html" id="5628" language="English" date-created="10/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Aspergillosis is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Aspergillus.  The fungus is very common in both indoors and outdoors. Most people breathe in the spores of the fungus every day without being affected. But some people get the disease. It usually occurs in people with lung diseases or weakened immune systems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA).  Symptoms of ABPA include wheezing and coughing. ABPA can affect healthy people but it is most common in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Another kind is invasive aspergillosis, which damages tissues in the body. It usually affects the lungs. Sometimes it can also cause infection in other organs and spread throughout the body. It affects people who have immune system problems, such as people who have had a transplant, are taking high doses of steroids, or getting chemotherapy for some cancers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor might do a variety of tests to make the diagnosis, including a chest x-ray, CT scan of the lungs, and  an examination of tissues for signs of the fungus. Treatment is with antifungal drugs. If you have ABPA, you may also take steroids.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aspergillosis.html" id="5629" language="Spanish">Aspergilosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001228">Aspergillosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aspergillosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538">Molds</related-topic>
<see-reference>ABPA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis</see-reference>
<site title="Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/aspergilosis-broncopulmonar-alergica-(abpa)">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillosis" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/aspergillosis.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/aspergillosis.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Aspergillosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/aspergillosis.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillosis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/aspergillosis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/aspergillosis/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillosis precipitin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003532.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillus and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/aspergillus-and-allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aspergillosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aspergillosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aspergillosis,+Allergic+Bronchopulmonary%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aspergillosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary aspergilloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000127.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reducing Risk for Aspergillosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/aspergillosis/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/aspergillosis/spanish/risk-prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Aspergillosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/aspergillosis/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/aspergillosis/spanish/symptoms.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La aspergilosis es una enfermedad de los pulmones causada por un hongo. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamientos. " title="Aspergilosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aspergillosis.html" id="5629" language="Spanish" date-created="10/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La aspergilosis es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado aspergillus. Este hongo es bastante común tanto en ambientes exteriores como interiores. La mayoría de la gente respira las esporas del hongo todos los días sin ser afectada. Pero algunas personas contraen la enfermedad. En general ocurre en personas con enfermedades pulmonares o sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de aspergilosis. Uno de ellos es la aspergilosis alérgica broncopulmonar (ABPA, por sus siglas en inglés). Los síntomas de esta incluyen sibilancias y tos. La aspergilosis alérgica broncopulmonar puede afectar a personas sanas, pero es más común en personas con asma o fibrosis quística.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otro tipo es la aspergilosis invasiva, que daña los tejidos del cuerpo. Por lo general, afecta a los pulmones. A veces puede causar infección en otros órganos y extenderse por todo el cuerpo. Afecta a quienes tienen problemas con el sistema inmunitario, como las personas que han tenido un trasplante, toman altas dosis de esteroides o están recibiendo quimioterapia para algunos tipos de cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su médico puede hacer una variedad de pruebas para el diagnóstico, incluyendo una radiografía de tórax, tomografía computarizada de los pulmones o examinar los tejidos para detectar signos del hongo. El tratamiento es con medicamentos antimicóticos. Si tiene esta afección, también puede tomar esteroides. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aspergillosis.html" id="5628" language="English">Aspergillosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<site title="Aspergiloma pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000127.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergilosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001326.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergilosis" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/aspergillosis.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/aspergillosis.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspergilosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/aspergillosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369619?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergilosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/aspergillosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Aspergillosis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/aspergilosis-broncopulmonar-alergica-(abpa)" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergilosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/aspergillosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369623?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precipitinas para aspergilosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003532.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo fúngico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people need help as they age. Assisted living facilities can provide care that you or you loved ones may need. Learn more." title="Assisted Living" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedliving.html" id="1646" language="English" date-created="05/28/2002">
<also-called>Residential care</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Assisted living is housing and services for people who need some help with daily care. They may need help with things like dressing, bathing, taking their medicines, and cleaning. But they do not need the medical care that a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html"&gt;nursing home&lt;/a&gt; provides. Assisted living allows the residents to live more independently.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Assisted living facilities sometimes have other names, such as adult care facilities or residential care facilities. They vary in size, with as few as 25 residents up to 120 residents or more. The residents usually live in their own apartments or rooms and share common areas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The facilities usually offer a few different levels of care. Residents pay more for the higher levels of care. The types of services they offer may be different from state to state. The services may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Up to three meals a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Assistance with personal care, such as bathing, dressing, eating, getting in and out of bed or chairs, moving around, and using the bathroom&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Help with medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Housekeeping&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Laundry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;24-hour supervision, security, and on-site staff&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social and recreational activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Transportation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The residents are usually older adults, including those with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's&lt;/a&gt; or other types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;. But in some cases, residents may be younger and have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental illnesses&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;developmental disabilities&lt;/a&gt;, or certain medical conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html" id="2265" language="Spanish">Residencias con atención personalizada</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D040561">Assisted Living Facilities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html" id="1659">Home Care Services</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html" id="1354">Nursing Homes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Long-Term Care</see-reference>
<see-reference>Residential Care</see-reference>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Living" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-settings/assisted-living">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Assisted Living Facilities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Assisted+Living+Facilities%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Long-Term Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Long-Term+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Adult Day Services Centers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adsc.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program in Your State" url="https://theconsumervoice.org/get_help">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care</organization>
</site>
<site title="Housing Options for Older Adults:  A Guide for Making Housing Decisions" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/BROCHURES/docs/Housing_Options_Booklet.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Long-term care" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/long-term-care" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/what-part-a-covers/what-are-my-other-long-term-care-choices">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long-Term Care Facilities: Assisted Living, Nursing Homes, and Other Residential Care" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/assisted-living-and-nursing-homes/long-term-care-facilities-assisted-living-nursing-homes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/asilo-ancianos/establecimientos-residenciales-centros-vida-asistida-asilos-ancianos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Study" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/npals/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Living" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Assisted+Living+Facilities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about treating infertility with assisted reproductive technology (ART). It includes procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF)." title="Assisted Reproductive Technology" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6242" language="English" date-created="08/19/2015">
<also-called>ART</also-called>
<also-called>IVF</also-called>
<also-called>In Vitro Fertilization</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;. It includes fertility treatments that handle both eggs and sperm. It works by removing eggs from the ovaries. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the parent's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;ART procedures sometimes use donor eggs, donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. It may also involve a surrogate or gestational carrier. A surrogate is a person who becomes pregnant with sperm from one partner of the couple. A gestational carrier becomes pregnant with an egg from one partner and sperm from the other partner.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common complication of ART is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;multiple pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;. It can be prevented or minimized by limiting the number of embryos that are put into the parent's body. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6243" language="Spanish">Tecnología de reproducción asistida</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D027724">Reproductive Techniques, Assisted</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D066298">In Vitro Techniques</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Egg Donation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gestational Carrier </see-reference>
<see-reference>IVF</see-reference>
<see-reference>In Vitro Fertilization</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sperm Donation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Surrogate </see-reference>
<site title="2021 Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Fertility Clinic and National Summary Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/art/reports/2021/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Reproductive Technologies" url="https://www.asrm.org/topics/topics-index/assisted-reproductive-technologies/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/tecnologias_de_reprocuccion_assistada_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments/art" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos-art">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fertilization in Vitro" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fertilization+in+Vitro%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Reproductive Techniques, Assisted" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Assisted+Reproductive+AND+%28Techniques+OR+Technology%29&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Counseling Issues to Discuss with Gay Men and Lesbians Seeking Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/english-pdf/counseling_issues_to_discuss_with_gay_men_and_lesbians_seeking_art_factsheet.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/temas_de_asesoramiento_para_personas_homosexuales_que_buscan_tecnologias_de_reproduccion_asistida_tra-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/about/pac-20384716?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="In vitro fertilization (IVF)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007279.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intracytoplasmic sperm injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007294.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for Assisted Reproductive Technology" url="https://www.cdc.gov/art/patientResources/preparing.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prerequisite Testing for Infertility Treatment" url="https://www.sart.org/patients/a-patients-guide-to-assisted-reproductive-technology/general-information/prerequisite-testing/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Reproductive Technology" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22In+Vitro+Techniques%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Reproductive+Techniques%2C+Assisted%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Third Party Reproduction: Sperm, Egg, and Embryo Donation and Surrogacy" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/third-party-reproduction-sperm-egg-and-embryo-donation-and-surrogacy/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about assistive devices and how they can help you if you are disabled or injured. " title="Assistive Devices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136" language="English" date-created="03/12/2003">
<also-called>Assistive technology</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have a disability or injury, you may use a number of assistive devices. These are tools, products or types of equipment that help you perform tasks and activities. They may help you move around, see, communicate, eat, or get dressed. Some are high-tech tools, such as computers. Others are much simpler, like a "reacher" - a tool that helps you grab an object you can't reach.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137" language="Spanish">Tecnología asistencial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012656">Self-Help Devices</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/artificiallimbs.html" id="5573">Artificial Limbs</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html" id="5214">Cochlear Implants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html" id="527">Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html" id="201">Eye Wear</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html" id="5216">Hearing Aids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaldevicesafety.html" id="4154">Medical Device Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" id="4141">Mobility Aids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html" id="522">Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<site title="Assistive Devices for People with Hearing, Voice, Speech, or Language Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/assistive-devices-people-hearing-voice-speech-or-language-disorders">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assistive Devices: Positioning Aids (Slideshow)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/assistive-devices-positioners.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/assistive-devices-positioners.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assistive Technology" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Assistive_Technology.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Healthcare Medical Devices: A Checklist" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-health-and-consumer-devices/brochure-home-healthcare-medical-devices-checklist">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Does Rehabilitative Technology Benefit People with Disabilities?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/help" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rehabtech/informacion/ayuda">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assistive Devices" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Self-Help+Devices%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitation Engineering: What is Rehabilitation Engineering?" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/rehabilitation-engineering" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/ingenier%C3%ADa-de-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitative and Assistive Technology: Overview" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speech to Speech Relay Service" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/speech-speech-relay-service">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="The WREX Orthosis: Assistive Device (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wrex.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers with Disabilities and Medical Conditions" url="https://www.tsa.gov/travel/tsa-cares/disabilities-and-medical-conditions">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Transportation Security Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Types of Assistive Devices and How Are They Used?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/device" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rehabtech/informacion/tipos-dispositivos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Types of Rehabilitative Technologies?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/use" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rehabtech/informacion/tipos-rehab">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Asthma causes one's airways to become sore and swollen. An attack means a person's lungs are getting less air. Learn about two types of treatment." title="Asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is asthma?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. This can cause wheezing, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt;, and tightness in your chest. When these symptoms get worse than usual, it is called an asthma attack or flare-up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes asthma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and your environment likely play a role in who gets asthma.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;An asthma attack can happen when you are exposed to an asthma trigger. An asthma trigger is something that can set off or worsen your asthma symptoms. Different triggers can cause different types of asthma:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Allergic asthma is caused by allergens. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction. They can include
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Dust mites&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html"&gt;Mold&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Pets&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;Pollen from grass, trees, and weeds&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Waste from pests such as cockroaches and mice&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nonallergic asthma is caused by triggers that are not allergens, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Breathing in cold air&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html"&gt;Household chemicals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;Outdoor air pollution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;Tobacco smoke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Occupational asthma is caused by breathing in chemicals or industrial dusts at work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercise-induced asthma happens during physical exercise, especially when the air is dry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Asthma triggers may be different for each person and can change over time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for asthma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Asthma affects people of all ages, but it often starts during childhood. Certain factors can raise your risk of having asthma:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being exposed to secondhand smoke&lt;/strong&gt; when your mother is pregnant with you or when you are a small child&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being exposed to certain substances at work&lt;/strong&gt;, such as chemical irritants or industrial dusts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics and family history.&lt;/strong&gt; You are more likely to have asthma if one of your parents has it, especially if it's your mother.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race or ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having other diseases or conditions&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Often having viral respiratory infections&lt;/strong&gt; as a young child&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sex.&lt;/strong&gt; In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens and adults, it is more common in women.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of asthma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of asthma include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest tightness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing, especially at night or early morning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing, which causes a whistling sound when you breathe out&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These symptoms can range from mild to severe. You may have them every day or only once in a while.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;When you are having an asthma attack, your symptoms get much worse. The attacks may come on gradually or suddenly. Sometimes they can be life-threatening. They are more common in people who have severe asthma. If you are having asthma attacks, you may need a change in your treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is asthma diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose asthma:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/"&gt;Lung function tests&lt;/a&gt;, including spirometry, to test how well your lungs work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tests to measure how your airways react to specific exposures. During this test, you inhale different concentrations of allergens or medicines that may tighten the muscles in your airways. Spirometry is done before and after the test.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peak expiratory flow (PEF) tests to measure how fast you can blow air out using maximum effort&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) tests to measure levels of nitric oxide in your breath when you breathe out. High levels of nitric oxide may mean that your lungs are inflamed.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Allergy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/"&gt;skin&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; tests, if you have a history of allergies. These tests check which allergens cause a reaction from your immune system.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for asthma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have asthma, you will work with your health care provider to create a treatment plan. The plan will include ways to manage your asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. It will include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strategies to avoid triggers.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, if tobacco smoke is a trigger for you, you should not smoke or allow other people to smoke in your home or car.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short-term relief medicines,&lt;/strong&gt;  also called quick-relief medicines. They help prevent symptoms or relieve symptoms during an asthma attack. They include an inhaler to carry with you all the time. It may also include other types of medicines which work quickly to help open your airways.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Control medicines.&lt;/strong&gt;  You take them every day to help prevent symptoms. They work by reducing airway inflammation and preventing narrowing of the airways.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a severe attack and the short-term relief medicines do not work, you will need emergency care.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider may adjust your treatment until asthma symptoms are controlled.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes asthma is severe and cannot be controlled with other treatments. If you are an adult with uncontrolled asthma, in some cases your provider might suggest bronchial thermoplasty. This is a procedure that uses heat to shrink the smooth muscle in the lungs. Shrinking the muscle reduces your airway's ability to tighten and allows you to breathe more easily. The procedure has some risks, so it's important to discuss them with your provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html" id="1760" language="Spanish">Asma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001249">Asthma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/asthma.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html" id="130">Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html" id="1507">Asthma in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077">Breathing Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537">Indoor Air Pollution</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronchial Asthma</see-reference>
<site title="About Asthma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/es/about/acerca-del-asma.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergens and Irritants" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergic asthma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/allergic-asthma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergies and Asthma: They Often Occur Together" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/in-depth/allergies-and-asthma/ART-20047458?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and dust" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000487.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and molds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and pollen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology" url="https://www.aaaai.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/asthma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000141.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma - control drugs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000005.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma - quick-relief drugs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000008.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma Action Plan" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Asthma-Action-Plan-2020_rev_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/lung/Asthma_ActionPlan-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and Complementary Health Approaches: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/asthma-and-complementary-health-approaches-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and COPD: Differences and Similarities" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/asthma-and-copd-differences-and-similarities">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/asthma-and-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/asma-embarazo/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma Attack" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20354268?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20354268?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma Diet: Does What You Eat Make a Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma-diet/FAQ-20058105?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma-diet/faq-20058105?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma in adults - what to ask the doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000208.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma in Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html">
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<site title="Asthma Inhalers: Which One's Right for You?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/in-depth/asthma-inhalers/ART-20046382?p=1">
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<site title="Asthma Management Guidelines and Your Care" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Asthma-Management-Guidelines-Your-Care_rev_508.pdf">
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<site title="Asthma Quiz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/asthma/asthma-quiz">
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<site title="Asthma Treatment Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000141_36.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000141_116.htm">
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<site title="Asthma Triggers: Gain Control" url="https://www.epa.gov/asthma/asthma-triggers-gain-control" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/tome-control-de-los-factores-desencadenantes-de-su-asma">
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<site title="Asthma, Allergies and Pregnancy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/asthma,-allergies-and-pregnancy-ttr" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/asma,-alergias-y-embarazo-consejos-para-tener-en-c">
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<site title="Can Immunotherapy Help with the Treatment of Allergic Asthma?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Immunotherapy-Allergic-Asthma.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="Changing Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma Management" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Inhaled-Corticosteroids.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Controlling Asthma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/control/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/es/control/como-controlar-el-asma.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cough/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/tos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="EIB (Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction) Asthma Quiz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/asthma/eib-quiz">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Asthma" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/exercise-and-asthma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/ejercicio-y-asma">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
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<site title="Exercise-Induced Asthma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-induced-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372300?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Exercise-induced asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000036.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Defined" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/allergy,-asthma-immunology-glossary/exercise-induced-bronchoconstriction-defined">
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<site title="Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-bronchospasm/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/broncoespasmo-inducido-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="FAQs About Steroids for Asthma" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/longterm/faqs-about-steroids-for-asthma?modal=1">
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</site>
<site title="FAQs on Inhaled Steroids for Asthma" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/longterm/faqs-inhaled-steroids-for-asthma?modal=1">
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<site title="Find an Allergist/Immunologist" url="https://allergist.aaaai.org/find/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
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<site title="Flu and People with Asthma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/asthma.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/enfermedad-de-reflujo-gastroesofagico-(erg)">
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<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Controlling Asthma at Work" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/managing-asthma/workplace">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
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<site title="How to breathe when you are short of breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
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<site title="Inflammation" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/inflammation">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Inhaled Asthma Medications" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/inhaled-asthma-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
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<site title="Is Bronchial Thermoplasty Right for You?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Bronchial-Thermoplasty.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMAs)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Long-Acting-Muscarinic-Antagonists-LAMA.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="Long-Term Control Medications for Lung Diseases" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/longterm?modal=1">
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<site title="Manage Your Asthma: Know Your Triggers and Treatment Options" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/manage-your-asthma-know-your-triggers-and-treatment-options" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/controle-su-asma-conozca-los-detonantes-y-sus-opciones-de-tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Measuring Your Peak Flow Rate" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/treatment/devices/peak-flow">
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Medications and Older Adults" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/medications-and-older-adults">
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<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
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<site title="Metered dose inhaler use - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100200_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100200_1.htm">
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<site title="Monitoring Your Asthma" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/20-HL-8119MonitoringYourAsthma.pdf">
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<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Nebulizer use - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100201_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100201_1.htm">
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<site title="Nocturnal Asthma" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/asthma/overview/types/nocturnal-asthma?modal=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000110.htm">
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</site>
<site title="People at Higher Risk of Flu Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Asthma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Asthma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Questions to Ask When My Asthma Doesn't Get Better" url="https://familydoctor.org/questions-to-ask-when-asthma-doesnt-get-better/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/preguntas-que-debe-realizar-cuando-el-asma-no-mejora/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Quick-Relief Medications for Lung Disease Symptoms" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/quickrelief?modal=1">
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<site title="Reducing Allergens in Your Home" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Reducing-Allergens_rev_508.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Respiratory Infections and Asthma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/respiratory-infections/">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self-Care for Asthma-Using Your Inhaler" url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/caring/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Signs of an asthma attack" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Sleep Problems in Asthma and COPD" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/sleep-problems-asthma-copd.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/sleep-problems-in-asthma-and-copd.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Smoking and asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="So You Have Asthma: A Guide for Patients and Their Families" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/so-you-have-asthma-guide-patients-and-their-families">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/spirometry">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
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<site title="Stay away from asthma triggers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Inhalers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000005_32.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000005_115.htm">
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<site title="Traveling with breathing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
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<site title="Understand Your Asthma Medication" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/treatment/medication">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vocal Cord Dysfunction: Is it a Type of Asthma?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/FAQ-20058019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/faq-20058019?p=1">
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<site title="What Is Asthma?" url="https://www.epa.gov/asthma/what-asthma">
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<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Asthma?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/asma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) Testing?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/FeNO-Testing.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's the Difference Between a Nebulizer and an Inhaler?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nebulizer-inhaler.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Wheezing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Children's airways are small, making asthma more serious for them. Learn the symptoms, what can cause an attack, and long term treatments." title="Asthma in Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html" id="1507" language="English" date-created="07/12/2001">
<also-called>Childhood asthma</also-called>
<also-called>Pediatric asthma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is asthma? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;Asthma&lt;/a&gt; is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. This can cause wheezing, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt;, and tightness in your chest. When these symptoms get worse than usual, it is called an asthma attack or flare-up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does asthma affect children? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Asthma often starts during childhood, usually before age 5. Many children have asthma - it is the most common chronic disease of childhood. It can cause children to miss school and end up in the hospital. But treatments can help manage asthma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes asthma in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and environment likely play a role in which children get asthma.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;An asthma attack can happen when your child is exposed to an asthma trigger. An asthma trigger is something that can set off or worsen asthma symptoms. Different triggers can cause different types of asthma:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Allergic asthma is caused by allergens. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction. They can include
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Dust mites&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html"&gt;Mold&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Pets&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;Pollen from grass, trees, and weeds&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Waste from pests such as cockroaches and mice&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nonallergic asthma is caused by triggers that are not allergens, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Breathing in cold air&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html"&gt;Household chemicals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;Outdoor air pollution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;Tobacco smoke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercise-induced asthma happens during physical exercise, especially when the air is dry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Asthma triggers may be different for each child and can change over time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which children are at risk for asthma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors raise the risk of asthma in children:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being exposed to secondhand smoke&lt;/strong&gt; when their mother is pregnant with them or when they are small children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics and family history.&lt;/strong&gt; Children are more likely to have asthma if one of their parents has it, especially if it's the mother. &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race or ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having other diseases or conditions&lt;/strong&gt; such as  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Often having viral respiratory infections&lt;/strong&gt; as young children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sex.&lt;/strong&gt; In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens, it is more common in girls.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of asthma in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of asthma in children include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest tightness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing, especially at night or early morning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;, such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, or gasping for air&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Feeling tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark circles under the eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being irritable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing, which causes a whistling sound when they breathe out&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble eating or sucking (in infants)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These symptoms can range from mild to severe. They may happen often or only once in a while.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When children have an asthma attack, their symptoms get much worse. The attacks may come on gradually or suddenly. Sometimes they can be life-threatening. Warning signs of a severe attack include severe coughing, serious breathing problems, and turning very pale or blue in the face, lips and/or fingernails. If your child has those symptoms, get medical help right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is asthma in children diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It can be hard to diagnose asthma in children, especially if they are young. Asthma has similar symptoms as other childhood conditions. And some children may not have asthma symptoms very often, so it may seem like they are having respiratory infections instead.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your child's health care provider may use many tools to diagnose asthma:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/"&gt;Lung function tests&lt;/a&gt;, including spirometry, to test how well the lungs work. Younger children are usually not able to do these tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Allergy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/"&gt;skin&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; tests, if you have a history of allergies. These tests check which allergens cause a reaction from your immune system.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a young child who cannot do lung function tests, the provider may suggest doing a trial of asthma medicines. The trial involves giving your child the medicines for several weeks to see whether the symptoms get better.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for asthma in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If your child has asthma, you will work with their health care provider to create a treatment plan. The plan will include ways to manage your child's asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strategies to avoid triggers.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, if tobacco smoke is a trigger for your child, you should not allow anyone to smoke in your home or car.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short-term relief medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; also called quick-relief medicines. They help prevent symptoms or relieve symptoms during an asthma attack. They include an inhaler to have for your child at all times. It may also include other types of medicines which work quickly to help open your child's airways.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Control medicines.&lt;/strong&gt;  They work by reducing airway inflammation and preventing narrowing of the airways. Not all children will take control medicines. Whether or not your child needs them depends on how severe the asthma is and how often your child has symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your child has a severe attack and the short-term relief medicines do not work, get medical help right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your child's provider may adjust the treatment until the asthma symptoms are controlled.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html" id="130">Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2">Asthma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077">Breathing Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537">Indoor Air Pollution</related-topic>
<see-reference>Childhood Asthma</see-reference>
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<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
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<site title="Asthma and Physical Activity in the School" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/asthma-and-physical-activity-school">
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<site title="Asthma Diary" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/asthma-diary.html">
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<site title="Asthma Quiz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/asthma/asthma-quiz">
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</site>
<site title="Can the Weather Affect My Child's Asthma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/weather-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/weather-asthma.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Childhood Asthma" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/childhood-asthma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Asthma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351507?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351507?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Asthma in Children" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=asthma&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
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<site title="Dealing with Asthma Triggers" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/asthma-triggers.html">
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</site>
<site title="How Can I Deal with My Asthma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/asthma-mgmt.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/asthma-mgmt.html">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications to Treat Asthma in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/pages/medications-used-to-treat-asthma.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metered dose inhaler use - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100200_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100200_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nebulizer use - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100201_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100201_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peak flow meter use - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100202_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100202_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention of Allergies and Asthma in Children" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/prevencion-de-alergias-y-asma-en-ninos-consejos-pa">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma in Children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Asthma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Function Testing in Children" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulmonary-function-testing-children.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="School and Asthma" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/school-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/school-asthma.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self-Care for Asthma-Using Your Inhaler" url="https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/caring/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signs of an asthma attack" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000062.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Asthma (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="http://kidshealth.org:80/teen/en_espanol/enfermedades/smoking_asthma_esp.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spacer use - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100203_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100203_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stay away from asthma triggers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000064.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teaching Your Child about Asthma" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/teaching-your-child-about-asthma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/global/spanish-materials/Library/Asthma-Library/Teaching-Your-Child-About-Asthma.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Inhalers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000005_32.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000005_115.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with breathing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Asthma in Children Ages 5 to 11" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/ART-20044383?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/art-20044383?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Asthma in Children under 5" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/ART-20044376?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-asthma/in-depth/asthma-in-children/art-20044376?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment and Action Plan" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma/treatment-action-plan" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/asma/plan-de-accion-y-tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What If Kids Don't Take Their Asthma Medicine?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-asthma-medication.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-asthma-medication.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Asthma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asthma-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/asthma-basics.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Asthma?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/asma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's the Difference Between a Nebulizer and an Inhaler?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nebulizer-inhaler.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wheezing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to Go to the ER if Your Child Has Asthma" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/er-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/er-asthma.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchas cosas pueden conducir a conflictos familiares, como enfermedades, discapacidades, adicciones, pérdida del empleo o dificultades en la escuela. " title="Asuntos familiares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyissues.html" id="1899" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de familias. Algunas tienen padre y madre y otras tienen sólo uno de ellos. Algunas veces no hay padres y los abuelos crían a sus nietos. Algunos niños viven con familias sustitutas, adoptivas o políticas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las familias son mucho más que grupos de personas que comparten los mismos genes o la misma dirección. Deben ser una fuente de apoyo y amor. Eso no significa que todos se lleven bien todo el tiempo. Los conflictos son parte de la vida familiar. Muchas cosas pueden conducir a conflictos, tales como enfermedades, discapacidades, adicciones, pérdida del empleo, dificultades en la escuela y problemas maritales. Escucharse y trabajar para resolver los conflictos es importante para fortalecer la familia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyissues.html" id="525" language="English">Family Issues</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parenting.html" id="2080">Crianza de los hijos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Familia, Asuntos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Familias entremezcladas</see-reference>
<site title="Adopción de hijastros" url="https://cwig-prod-prod-drupal-s3fs-us-east-1.s3.amazonaws.com/public/documents/f_step_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/f_step.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para los Niños</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adopción internacional de niños: Información importante para los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/paginas/internationally-adopted-children-important-information-for-parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/Internationally-Adopted-Children-Important-Information-for-Parents.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Afrontar un divorcio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/deal-with-divorce.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/deal-with-divorce.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando estás sólo después de la escuela" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/homealone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/homealone.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mejorar la comunicación en la familia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/improving-family-communications.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/pages/Improving-Family-Communications.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo superar un divorcio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/divorce-cope.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/divorce-cope.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escaparse de casa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/running-away.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/running-away.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familias en el servicio militar" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Familias-en-el-Servicio-Militar-088.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Families-In-The-Military-088.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familias pequeñas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/types-of-families/paginas/small-families.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/types-of-families/pages/Small-Families.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hermanastros" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/types-of-families/paginas/stepsiblings.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/types-of-families/pages/Stepsiblings.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importancia de las rutinas de la familia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-importance-of-family-routines.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/The-Importance-of-Family-Routines.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infidelidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños que se quedan solos en la casa" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-que-se-Quedan-Solos-en-la-Casa-046.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Home-Alone-Children-046.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el divorcio" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-el-Divorcio-001.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-and-Divorce-001.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Una familia funcional" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/normal-family-functioning.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/Normal-Family-Functioning.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Existe la familia &quot;perfecta&quot;?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-perfect-family.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/The-Perfect-Family.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué discuto tanto con mis padres?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fight.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un divorcio?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/divorces.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/divorces.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Relaciones sociales afectan nuestra salud?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-relaciones-sociales-afectan-nuestra-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/02/do-social-ties-affect-our-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Aunque puede resultar difícil, es importante planificar y tomar decisiones sobre el final de la vida. Hacerlo con anticipación puede reducir el estrés para usted y su familia." title="Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html" id="1844" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Final de la vida</also-called>
<also-called>Muerte y enfermo terminal</also-called>
<also-called>Opciones para el final de la vida</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La planificación para el final de la vida puede ser difícil. Pero el decidir cuando esté sano el mejor cuidado paliativo para sus posibles necesidades puede ayudar a las personas cercanas a usted a tomar las decisiones correctas cuando llegue el momento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la planificación para el final de la vida incluye la toma de decisiones sobre:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los objetivos de la atención de salud (por ejemplo, si se deben utilizar ciertos medicamentos durante los últimos días de vida)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dónde quiere pasar sus últimos días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tratamientos de cuidados al final de la vida desea recibir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html"&gt;cuidado paliativo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html"&gt;hospicio&lt;/a&gt; desea recibir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html"&gt;instrucciones anticipadas&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a clarificar sus deseos a su familia y a sus proveedores de salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html" id="496" language="English">End of Life Issues</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html" id="1962">Cuidados de hospicio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html" id="4152">Directivas médicas por adelantado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html" id="2063">Donación de órganos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bereavement.html" id="1770">Pérdida de un ser querido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html" id="2178">Suicidio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Estado terminal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Final de la vida</see-reference>
<see-reference>Muerte y enfermo terminal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Voluntad en vida (con relación al cuidado médico)</see-reference>
<site title="Apoyo nutricional para personas moribundas o con demencia grave" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/apoyo-nutricional-para-personas-moribundas-o-con-demencia-grave" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/nutritional-support-for-people-who-are-dying-or-have-severe-dementia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buscar y comparar servicios fúnebres" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/buscar-y-comparar-servicios-funebres" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/shopping-funeral-services">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costos y lista de verificación de precios de un funeral" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/costos-y-lista-de-verificacion-de-precios-de-un-funeral" language-mapped-url="https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0301-funeral-costs-and-pricing-checklist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando el final de la vida se acerca" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/atencion-en-la-etapa-final-de-la-vida/cuando-el-final-de-la-vida-esta-cerca.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/end-of-life-care/nearing-the-end-of-life.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando el tratamiento contra el cáncer de su hijo deja de funcionar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su tratamiento para el cáncer deja de funcionar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados al final de la vida de personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado/hoja-informativa-cuidado" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/care-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados al final de la vida para personas con demencia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/cuidados-al-final-vida-personas-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/end-life-care-people-dementia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos: Cómo son los últimos días" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un proveedor de servicios fúnebres" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/como-elegir-un-proveedor-de-servicios-funebres" language-mapped-url="https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0303-choosing-funeral-provider">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con un niño sobre la enfermedad terminal de uno de sus padres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000848.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000848.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decidir respecto a tratamientos que prolongan la vida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender las decisiones sobre la atención médica al final de la vida" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/entender-decisiones-sobre-atencion-medica-al-final-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/making-decisions-someone-end-life">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Etapa final de la vida (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/cuidadores/planificacion/etapa-final-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/caregivers/planning/last-days-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidratación y nutrición artificial" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/hidratacion-y-nutricion-artificial/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/artificial-hydration-and-nutrition/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jóvenes que enfrentan decisiones sobre la atención al final de la vida" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/adolescentes-adultos-jovenes/final-de-la-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya/end-of-life">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones para el final de la vida: Los tubos de alimentación y los respiradores" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/opciones-para-el-final-de-la-vida-los-tubos-de-alimentacioacuten-y-los-respiradores-feeding/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/advanced-illness-feeding-tubes-and-ventilators/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones para el final de la vida: RCP y ONR (CPR &amp; DNR)" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/opciones-para-el-final-de-la-vida-rcp-y-onr-cpr-dnr/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/advanced-illness-cpr-dnr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orden de no reanimar (resucitar)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000473.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planificación de la transición a la atención en la etapa final de la vida para los pacientes de cáncer en estadio avanzado (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/planes/etapa-final-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/planning/end-of-life-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planificación de su propio funeral" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/planificacion-de-su-propio-funeral" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/planning-your-own-funeral">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proporcionar cuidados de confort al final de la vida" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/proporcionar-cuidados-confort-al-final-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/providing-care-and-comfort-end-life">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer cuando alguien muere" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/luto-duelo/hacer-cuando-alguien-muere" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/grief-and-mourning/what-do-after-someone-dies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de funerales" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/tipos-de-funerales" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/types-funerals">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es importante conocer los síntomas de un infarto, causas, tratamiento y las medidas para prevenir ataques al corazón." title="Ataque al corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Ataque cardíaco</also-called>
<also-called>Infarto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada año, casi 800,000 estadounidenses sufren un ataque al corazón. Un ataque al corazón ocurre cuando el flujo de sangre al corazón se bloquea repentinamente. Sin la sangre que entra, el corazón no puede obtener oxígeno. Si no se trata rápidamente, el músculo cardíaco comienza a morir. Pero si recibe un tratamiento rápido, es posible que pueda prevenir o limitar el daño al músculo cardíaco. Es por eso que es importante conocer los síntomas y llamar al 911 si usted u otra persona los presenta. Debe llamar incluso si no está seguro de que sea un ataque al corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas más comunes en hombres y mujeres son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Molestias en el pecho:&lt;/strong&gt; A menudo se presentan al centro o al lado izquierdo del pecho. Por lo general, dura más de unos pocos minutos. Puede irse y regresar. Puede sentirse como presión, estrechez, plenitud o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt;. También puede sentirse como acidez o indigestión.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Falta de aire:&lt;/strong&gt; Algunas veces es el único síntoma que se presenta. Puede sentirlo antes o durante las molestias en el pecho. Puede ocurrir cuando está descansando o haciendo un poco de actividad física.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Molestia en la parte superior del cuerpo:&lt;/strong&gt; Puede sentir dolor o molestias en uno o ambos brazos, la espalda, los hombros, el cuello, la mandíbula o la parte superior del estómago.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También puede tener otros síntomas, como náuseas, vómitos, mareos y aturdimiento. Puede salir con un sudor frío. Algunas veces las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;mujeres&lt;/a&gt; presentan diferentes síntomas que los hombres. Por ejemplo, es más probable que se sientan cansadas sin ninguna razón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La causa más común de los ataques cardíacos es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;. En esta, hay una acumulación de colesterol y otro material, llamado placa, en las paredes internas o arterias. A esto se le llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. Puede acumularse durante años. Eventualmente, un área de la placa puede romperse, formándose un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo de sangre&lt;/a&gt; alrededor de la placa y bloquear la arteria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una causa menos común de ataque cardíaco es un espasmo severo (endurecimiento) de una arteria coronaria. El espasmo corta el flujo sanguíneo a través de la arteria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En el hospital, los proveedores de atención médica hacen un diagnóstico basado en sus síntomas, análisis de sangre y diferentes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas de salud cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos y procedimientos médicos como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplastía coronaria&lt;/a&gt;. Después de un ataque cardíaco, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudarle a recuperarse.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5" language="English">Heart Attack</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html" id="1746">Angina de pecho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233">Bypass de la arteria coronaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corazón, Ataque al</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infarto del miocardio</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de un ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000090.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000090.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoproteína B100" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003502.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoproteína CII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003505.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque cardíaco" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ataque-cardiaco/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/HeartAttack.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000195.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000195.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque cardíaco" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ataque-cardiaco-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heart-attack/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque cardíaco asintomático: ¿Cuáles son los riesgos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/silent-heart-attack/faq-20057777?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/silent-heart-attack/FAQ-20057777?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque cardíaco y las mujeres" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-attack-and-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-attack-and-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque cardíaco: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000231.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataques cardíacos" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ataques-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/heart-attacks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía y la intimidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creatina cinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/creatina-cinasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatine-kinase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diferencias entre un ataque cardíaco y un paro cardíaco" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/heart-attack-or-sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-are-they-different" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/heart-attack-or-sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-are-they-different">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de mioglobina en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003664.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de mioglobina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003663.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fármacos trombolíticos para ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007488.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipoproteína-A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007262.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo después de un ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000093.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis después de un ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000166.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000063.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de troponina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-troponina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/troponin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de troponina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007452.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shock cardiógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000185.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stents liberadores de medicamentos: ¿Aumentan el riesgo de ataque cardíaco?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/art-20044911?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/ART-20044911?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos de calcio: ¿Un factor de riesgo de ataque cardíaco?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058352?p=1">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome coronario agudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007639.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Dressler" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia trombolítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007089.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las señales de aviso del ataque al corazón?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/warning-signs-heart-attack_span.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Está usted en riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000195_113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000195_60.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pueden ayudar las vitaminas a prevenir los ataques cardíacos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/faq-20058253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/FAQ-20058253?p=1">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el choque cardiogénico?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/choque-cardiogenico" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un ataque cardíaco?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ataque-cardiaco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-attack">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Sabe reconocer un ataque cardíaco o un ACV? Qué hacer cuando cada minuto cuenta" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sabe-reconocer-un-ataque-cardiaco-o-un-acv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un ataque isquémico transitorio es un mini derrame cerebral que aparece y desaparece rápidamente. Causas, síntomas y tratamiento. " title="Ataque isquémico transitorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html" id="2203" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<also-called>Mini derrame</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un ataque isquémico transitorio  es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame&lt;/a&gt; que dura apenas unos minutos. Esto ocurre cuando el suministro de sangre a una parte del cerebro se detiene brevemente. Los síntomas de este ataque se parecen a los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular o un derrame, pero su duración es menor. Ocurren repentinamente e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Entumecimiento o debilidad, especialmente en un lado del cuerpo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Confusión o dificultades para hablar o entender &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;    Dificultad para caminar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;    Mareo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas para ver con uno o ambos ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida del equilibrio o la coordinación de los movimientos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los síntomas de un ataque isquémico transitorio desaparecen dentro de una hora, aunque pueden durar hasta 24 horas. Debido a que no es posible saber si los síntomas se deben a este ataque o un derrame, debe acudir  a un hospital de inmediato. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Los ataques isquémicos transitorios suelen ser una señal de advertencia de futuros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;derrames&lt;/a&gt;. Tomar medicinas, como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt;, puede reducir su riesgo de un ataque cerebral. Su médico también podría recomendar una cirugía. También puede ayudar a reducir su riesgo teniendo un estilo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html"&gt;vida saludable&lt;/a&gt;. Esto incluye no fumar, no beber demasiado, comer una dieta saludable y hacer ejercicio. También es importante controlar otros problemas de salud, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;.
 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html" id="1570" language="English">Transient Ischemic Attack</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176">Accidente cerebrovascular</related-topic>
<see-reference>AIT (Ataque isquémico transitorio)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ataque cerebral leve</see-reference>
<site title="Accidente isquémico transitorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000730.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Accidentes isquémicos transitorios" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/accidente-cerebrovascular-ictus/accidentes-isqu%C3%A9micos-transitorios-ait">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endarterectomía carotídea" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/endarterectomia-carotidea/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre de ataque cerebral, AIT y señales de aviso" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/spanish-resources/ltas-stroke-tia-and-warning-signs.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Imágenes por ultrasonido de la arteria carótida" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-carotid">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mini accidente cerebrovascular en comparación con accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/transient-ischemic-attack/expert-answers/mini-stroke/FAQ-20058390?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-ischemic-attack/expert-answers/mini-stroke/FAQ-20058390?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos circulatorios vertebrobasilares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001423.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las endoprótesis (stents)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/endoprotesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stents">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ataxia de Freidreich es una enfermedad hereditaria que afecta la médula espinal y los nervios que controlan los músculos de los brazos y las piernas." title="Ataxia de Friedreich" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/friedreichataxia.html" id="4360" language="Spanish" date-created="06/01/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La ataxia de Friedreich es una enfermedad hereditaria que daña el sistema nervioso. Afecta la médula espinal y los nervios que controlan los movimientos de los músculos de los brazos y las piernas. Los síntomas suelen comenzar entre los cinco y los 15 años. El principal síntoma es la ataxia, que significa dificultad para coordinar los movimientos. Los síntomas específicos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dificultad para caminar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas para hablar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Movimientos involuntarios de los ojos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Escoliosis (curvatura de la columna vertebral hacia un lado)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palpitaciones (este síntoma es el resultado de diversas formas de enfermedad del corazón que a menudo acompañan la ataxia de Friedreich) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Después de 15 a 20 años de la aparición del primer síntoma, las personas con ataxia de Friedreich suelen necesitar una silla de ruedas. En los casos severos, las personas terminan discapacitadas. No existe una cura. Se pueden tratar los síntomas con medicinas, aparatos ortopédicos, cirugía y fisioterapia. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/friedreichataxia.html" id="4359" language="English">Friedreich Ataxia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Ataxia de Friedreich" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxia-de-friedreich" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/friedreich-ataxia-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia de Friedreich" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001411.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxias y la degeneración cerebelosa o espinocerebelosa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-y-la-degeneracion-cerebelosa-o-espinocerebelosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/ataxia-and-cerebellar-or-spinocerebellar-degeneration">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003929.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades neurodegenerativas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ataxia telangiectasia es una enfermedad hereditaria que afecta al sistema nervioso e inmunitario, entre otros. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Ataxia telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ataxiatelangiectasia.html" id="3796" language="Spanish" date-created="03/10/2016">
<also-called>Síndrome de Louis-Bar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La ataxia telangiectasia (AT) es una enfermedad hereditaria poco frecuente. Afecta el sistema nervioso, el sistema inmunológico y otros sistemas del cuerpo. Los síntomas se presentan en niños pequeños, generalmente antes de los cinco años. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ataxia: dificultad para coordinar los movimientos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con el equilibrio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dificultad para pronunciar las palabras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Venas rojas diminutas, como arañas, denominadas telangiectasias, en la piel y los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infecciones pulmonares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Atraso en el desarrollo físico y sexual &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con AT tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes y algunos cánceres, especialmente linfoma y leucemia. Aun cuando afecta el cerebro, los pacientes con esta enfermedad suelen tener una inteligencia normal o superior a la normal. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La AT no tiene cura. Los tratamientos pueden mejorar algunos síntomas. Estos pueden ser inyecciones para fortalecer el sistema inmunológico, la terapia física y del habla y altas dosis de vitaminas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ataxiatelangiectasia.html" id="3795" language="English">Ataxia Telangiectasia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Louis-Bar, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Ataxia telangiectasia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12971/ataxia-telangiectasia/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia telangiectasia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ataxia-telangiectasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ataxia-telangiectasia.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia-telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001394.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003284.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is an inherited disease that affects several body systems, including the nervous system and immune system. Learn more." title="Ataxia Telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ataxiatelangiectasia.html" id="3795" language="English" date-created="03/25/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare, inherited disease. It affects the nervous system, immune system, and other body systems.  Symptoms appear in young children, usually before age 5. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ataxia - trouble coordinating &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movements&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor balance &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slurred speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiny, red spider veins, called telangiectasias, on the skin and eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lung infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Delayed physical and sexual development&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with A-T have an increased risk of developing diabetes and cancers, especially lymphoma and leukemia. Although it affects the brain, people with A-T usually have normal or high intelligence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A-T has no cure. Treatments might improve some symptoms. They include injections to strengthen the immune system, physical and speech therapy, and high-dose vitamins. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ataxiatelangiectasia.html" id="3796" language="Spanish">Ataxia telangiectasia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001260">Ataxia Telangiectasia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ataxiatelangiectasia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="Ataxia - telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001394.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia Telangiectasia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/ataxia-telangiectasia">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia-Telangiectasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ataxia-telangiectasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ataxia-telangiectasia.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia-telangiectasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-telangiectasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ataxia Telangiectasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ataxia+Telangiectasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn About A-T" url="https://atcp.org/learn-about-a-t/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Ataxia-Telangiectasia Children's Project</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia Telangiectasia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ataxia+Telangiectasia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ateroesclerosis ocurre cuando placa se acumula dentro de las arterias provocando su endurecimiento. Síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamiento." title="Ateroesclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html" id="5401" language="Spanish" date-created="04/13/2010">
<also-called>Acumulación de placa en las arterias</also-called>
<also-called>Arterioesclerosis</also-called>
<also-called>Aterosclerosis</also-called>
<also-called>Endurecimiento de las arterias</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La ateroesclerosis (también conocida como aterosclerosis) es una afección en la que se acumula placa dentro de las arterias. La placa es una sustancia pegajosa hecha de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, grasa, células sanguíneas, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece, estrechando las arterias. Esto limita el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno al cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas pueden confundir ateroesclerosis y arteriosclerosis, pero no son lo mismo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;arteriosclerosis&lt;/strong&gt; es el endurecimiento de las arterias, lo que significa que las arterias se engrosan y se vuelven menos flexibles. Puede tener varias causas diferentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;aterosclerosis&lt;/strong&gt;, que se desarrolla a partir de la acumulación de placa, es un tipo común de arteriosclerosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La ateroesclerosis puede afectar a la mayoría de las arterias del cuerpo. Tiene diferentes nombres, según las arterias afectadas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Acumulación de placa en las arterias del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad arterial periférica&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Acumulación de placa en las arterias que transportan sangre desde el corazón a otras partes del cuerpo. Con mayor frecuencia afecta las arterias de las piernas, pero también puede afectar las arterias de los brazos o la pelvis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias carótidas&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Acumulación de placa en las arterias del cuello. Reduce el flujo sanguíneo al cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estenosis de la arteria renal:&lt;/strong&gt; Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los riñones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales:&lt;/strong&gt; Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a la parte posterior del cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Isquemia de la arteria mesentérica:&lt;/strong&gt; Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los intestinos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, la placa comienza a acumularse durante la niñez y empeora con la edad. Se desconoce la causa exacta, pero los investigadores piensan que esta acumulación ocurre cuando hay daño en las arterias. Este daño puede ser causado por hábitos de vida poco saludables, afecciones de salud y los genes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que tenga más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertas afecciones médicas, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Colesterol alto en sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades inflamatorias como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumir muchos alimentos ricos en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt; saturadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;masticar tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La edad: El riesgo aumenta después de los 45 años en los hombres y de los 55 años en las mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las primeras etapas, a menudo la ateroesclerosis no causa ningún síntoma. Es posible que note algunos síntomas por primera vez en momentos en que su cuerpo necesita más oxígeno. Por ejemplo, esto puede ocurrir cuando tiene estrés físico o emocional.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sus síntomas dependen de las arterias afectadas y de cuánto flujo sanguíneo esté bloqueado:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En la &lt;strong&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/strong&gt;, los síntomas pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt; (un tipo de dolor en el pecho), palpitaciones (corazón acelerado o fuerte) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En la &lt;strong&gt;enfermedad de las arterias carótidas&lt;/strong&gt;, es posible que tenga un soplo. Este es un silbido que su profesional de la salud escucha al usar un estetoscopio. También puede tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;ataque isquémico transitorio&lt;/a&gt; (AIT), a veces llamado "mini accidente cerebrovascular"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En la &lt;strong&gt;enfermedad de las arterias periféricas&lt;/strong&gt;, es posible que sienta dolor, molestias, pesadez o calambres en las piernas al caminar o subir escaleras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En la &lt;strong&gt;enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales&lt;/strong&gt;, puede tener problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria, debilidad o entumecimiento en un lado del cuerpo o en la cara, y problemas de la vista. También podría tener un ataque isquémico transitorio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En la &lt;strong&gt;isquemia de la arteria mesentérica&lt;/strong&gt;, los síntomas pueden incluir dolor intenso después de las comidas, pérdida de peso y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para los hombres, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;disfunción eréctil&lt;/a&gt; es una señal de advertencia temprana de que pueden tener un mayor riesgo de sufrir ateroesclerosis y sus complicaciones. Si tiene disfunción eréctil, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo de acumulación de placa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La ateroesclerosis puede causar otros problemas de salud o complicaciones. Por ejemplo, si la placa se rompe, puede formarse un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo sanguíneo&lt;/a&gt;. El coágulo puede bloquear la arteria por completo o viajar a otra parte del cuerpo. Otras posibles complicaciones pueden variar, según las arterias afectadas. Por ejemplo, las obstrucciones en diferentes partes del cuerpo pueden causar complicaciones como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt; vascular o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html"&gt;pérdida de una extremidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene aterosclerosis, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y de salud familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su estilo de vida y los factores de riesgo de acumulación de placa en las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo escuchar su corazón y el flujo de sangre en sus arterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es probable que solicite pruebas, como análisis de sangre y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas de salud del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene ateroesclerosis, su profesional de la salud trabajará con usted para crear un plan de tratamiento apropiado para su salud. Su plan dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas, qué tan bloqueado está el flujo sanguíneo y qué otros problemas médicos tenga. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Manejar sus factores de riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tratar la ateroesclerosis o sus complicaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tratar cualquier problema médico que tenga y que pueda empeorar la acumulación de placa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedimientos o cirugías&lt;/strong&gt; para tratar enfermedades o complicaciones causadas por la acumulación de placa. El tipo específico de procedimiento o cirugía dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;Rehabilitación cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, si ha tenido ciertas complicaciones por ateroesclerosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
	
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la ateroesclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir la ateroesclerosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elija alimentos saludables para el corazón&lt;/strong&gt;, como frutas, verduras y cereales integrales. Limite los alimentos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt; y azúcares añadidos
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regularmente&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Antes de comenzar un programa de ejercicios, pregúntele a su proveedor de atención médica qué nivel de actividad física es el adecuado para usted
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trate de lograr un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limite la cantidad de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; que consume:&lt;/strong&gt; Beber menos es mejor para la salud que beber más. Los hombres deben limitar su consumo a 2 bebidas o menos al día. Las mujeres deben beber 1 trago o menos por día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controle el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si fuma, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;deje de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evite el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Duerma lo suficiente y de buena calidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400" language="English">Atherosclerosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176">Accidente cerebrovascular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html" id="6249">Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" id="3168">Angioplastía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233">Bypass de la arteria coronaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" id="6453">Pruebas para la salud del corazón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arterias obstruidas</see-reference>
<site title="Angiografía de una extremidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003772.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia y colocación de stent en arterias periféricas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007393.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de lipoproteína (a)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-lipoproteina-a/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lipoprotein-a-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arteriografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003327.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriopatía carotídea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007427.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ateroesclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000006.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ateroesclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000171.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000171.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aterosclerosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/aterosclerosis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta saludable para el corazón: 8 medidas para evitar enfermedades cardíacas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/art-20047702?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/ART-20047702?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler de un brazo o de una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003775.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal ateroembólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000480.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000725.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipoproteína-A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007262.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la aterosclerosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aterosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atherosclerosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Atherosclerosis is hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by the buildup of a fatty substance called plaque. Learn about the risks and prevention." title="Atherosclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<also-called>Arteriosclerosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is atherosclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Atherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a sticky substance made up of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, fat, blood cells, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and causes your arteries to narrow. That limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some people may confuse atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, but they are not the same thing:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arteriosclerosis&lt;/strong&gt; is hardening of the arteries, which means that the arteries thicken and become less flexible. It can have several different causes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atherosclerosis&lt;/strong&gt;, which develops from plaque buildup, is a common type of arteriosclerosis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Atherosclerosis can affect most of the arteries in the body. It has different names, based on which arteries are affected:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (CAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries of your heart.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;Peripheral artery disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (PAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. It most often affects the arteries of your legs, but it can also affect the arteries of your arms or pelvis.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html"&gt;Carotid artery disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is plaque buildup in the neck arteries. It reduces blood flow to the brain.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Renal artery stenosis&lt;/strong&gt; is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to your kidneys.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vertebral artery disease&lt;/strong&gt; is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the back of your brain. 
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mesenteric artery ischemia&lt;/strong&gt; is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply your intestines with blood. 
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes atherosclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plaque often starts to build up during childhood and gets worse with age. The exact cause is unknown, but researchers believe that this buildup happens when there is damage to the arteries. This damage may be caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits, medical conditions, and your genes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop atherosclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You may be more likely to develop atherosclerosis if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain medical conditions, including:
	&lt;ul&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;High blood cholesterol&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Inflammatory diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of high blood cholesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat a lot of foods high in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;saturated fats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoke&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;chew&lt;/a&gt; tobacco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older - the risk increases after age 45 men and age 55 in women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of atherosclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the early stages, atherosclerosis often does not cause any symptoms. You may first notice some symptoms at times when your body needs more oxygen. For example, this could be when you are having physical or emotional stress.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Your symptoms will depend on which arteries are affected and how much blood flow is blocked:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/strong&gt;, the symptoms may include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt; (a type of chest pain), palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;carotid artery disease&lt;/strong&gt;, you may have a bruit. This is a whooshing sound that your health care provider hears when using a stethoscope. You could also have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;transient ischemic attack&lt;/a&gt; (TIA), sometimes called a mini-stroke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;peripheral artery disease&lt;/strong&gt;, you may have pain, aching, heaviness, or cramping in the legs when walking or climbing stairs.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;vertebral artery disease&lt;/strong&gt;, you may have problems with thinking and memory, weakness or numbness on one side of the body or face, and vision trouble. You could also have a transient ischemic attack.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;mesenteric artery ischemia&lt;/strong&gt;, the symptoms can include severe pain after meals, weight loss, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For men, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;erectile dysfunction&lt;/a&gt; (ED) is an early warning sign that you may be at higher risk for atherosclerosis and its complications. If you have ED, talk with your provider about your risk of plaque buildup.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can atherosclerosis cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Atherosclerosis can cause other health problems, or complications. For example, if a plaque bursts, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; may form. The clot could block the artery completely or travel to another part of the body. Other possible complications can vary, depending on which arteries are affected. For example, blockages in different parts of the body can lead to complications such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, vascular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html"&gt;limb loss&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How is atherosclerosis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have atherosclerosis, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical and family health history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your lifestyle and risk factors for plaque buildup in the arteries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, which will include listening to your heart and the blood flow in your arteries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order tests, such as blood tests and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart health tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for atherosclerosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have atherosclerosis, your provider will work with you to create a treatment plan that works for you. Your plan will depend on which arteries are affected, how much the blood flow is blocked, and what other medical conditions you have. Possible treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;Heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; to:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Manage your risk factors.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Treat atherosclerosis or its complications.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Treat any medical conditions you have that can worsen plaque buildup.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedures or surgeries&lt;/strong&gt; to treat diseases or complications that were caused by plaque buildup. The specific type of procedure or surgery will depend on which arteries are affected.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;Cardiac rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, if you have had certain complications from atherosclerosis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can atherosclerosis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to try to prevent atherosclerosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choose heart-healthy foods&lt;/strong&gt;, such fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit foods that are high in saturated fats, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt;, and added sugars.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; But before you start an exercise program, ask your provider what level of physical activity is right for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim for a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limit how much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; you drink.&lt;/strong&gt; Drinking less is better for health than drinking more. Men should limit their intake to 2 drinks or less in a day. Women should drink 1 drink or less per day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manage &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;If you smoke, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;enough good-quality sleep&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html" id="5401" language="Spanish">Ateroesclerosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D050197">Atherosclerosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" id="3167">Angioplasty</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202">Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276">Coronary Artery Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" id="6248">Ischemic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arteriosclerosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hardening of the Arteries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Plaque, Atherosclerotic</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent placement - peripheral arteries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007393.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arterial insufficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000725.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003327.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atheroembolic renal disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000480.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atherosclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000171.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000171.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atherosclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000006.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atherosclerosis and Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-risk-factors/atherosclerosis-and-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002951.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Arteriosclerosis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebral-arteriosclerosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chelation for Coronary Heart Disease" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chelation-for-coronary-heart-disease-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arteriosclerosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arteriosclerosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Atherosclerosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Atherosclerosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Doppler ultrasound exam of an arm or leg" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003775.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extremity angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003772.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart-Healthy Diet: Eight Steps to Prevent Heart Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/ART-20047702?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/art-20047702?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hutchinson-gilford-progeria-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipoprotein (a) Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lipoprotein-a-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-lipoproteina-a/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipoprotein-a" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007262.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atherosclerosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Atherosclerosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tangier disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tangier-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Atherosclerosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atherosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aterosclerosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a contagious fungal infection that can affect any part of the foot, but usually begins between the toes. Learn more." title="Athlete's Foot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html" id="151" language="English" date-created="08/20/1999">
<also-called>Tinea pedis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Athlete's foot is a common infection caused by a fungus.  It most often affects the space between the toes. Symptoms include itching, burning, and cracked, scaly skin between your toes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can get athlete's foot from damp surfaces, such as showers, swimming pools, and locker room floors. To prevent it:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep your feet clean, dry, and cool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear clean socks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't walk barefoot in public areas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear flip-flops in locker room showers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep your toenails clean and clipped short&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments include over-the-counter antifungal creams for most cases and prescription medicines for more serious infections. These usually clear up the infection, but it can come back.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html" id="1761" language="Spanish">Pie de atleta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014008">Tinea Pedis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html" id="1327">Foot Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tineainfections.html" id="1228">Tinea Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tinea Pedis</see-reference>
<site title="American Podiatric Medical Association" url="https://www.apma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's Foot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/athlete-s-foot" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/athlete-s-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's Foot" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/symptoms-causes/syc-20353841?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/symptoms-causes/syc-20353841?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's Foot" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=978">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's foot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000875.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's Foot" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/athletes-foot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/athletes-foot.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's Foot" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/athletes-foot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/athletes-foot.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/tinea-pedis-athletes-foot?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tinea Pedis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tinea+Pedis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fungus Infections: Preventing Recurrence" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/FungusInfectionsP?">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Athlete's Foot" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/athletes-foot-prevent?NoAds">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Athlete's Foot" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tinea+Pedis%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skin lesion KOH exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003761.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Sabe qué hacer si alguien se está asfixiando? Primeros auxilios para el tragantamiento." title="Atragantamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html" id="1818" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Asfixia mecánica</also-called>
<also-called>Atragantarse</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los alimentos u objetos pequeños que quedan atrapados en la garganta obstruyen las vías respiratorias y causan asfixia. Esto impide que el oxígeno llegue a los pulmones y al cerebro. Si el cerebro permanece sin oxígeno durante más de cuatro minutos, puede ocurrir algún daño cerebral o la muerte. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños pequeños son los que están a mayor riesgo de asfixia. Pueden asfixiarse con comida, como las salchichas, las nueces, las uvas y objetos pequeños, como partes de juguetes y monedas. Es importante mantener estos objetos pequeños fuera de su alcance y supervisarlos mientras comen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando alguien se esté asfixiando, una acción rápida puede salvarle la vida. Aprenda a dar golpes en la espalda, a realizar la maniobra de Heimlich y a hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html"&gt;RCP&lt;/a&gt; (resucitación cardiopulmonar). &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html" id="1544" language="English">Choking</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foreignbodies.html" id="5608">Objetos extraños en el cuerpo</related-topic>
<site title="Ahogamiento: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/art-20056637?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/ART-20056637?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprenda RCP ¡Sí, se puede!" url="http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/spanish/" language-mapped-url="http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Universidad de Washington, Facultad de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asfixia en adulto o niño mayor de un año" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000049.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asfixia en adultos o niños mayores de 1 año inconscientes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000051.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asfixia en niños menores de un año" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000048.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asfixia por aspiración" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/choking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compresiones abdominales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000047.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la asfixia o ahogo por atragantamiento" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/choking-prevention.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Choking-Prevention.aspx">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reaccionar ante una emergencia por atragantamiento o ahogo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/responding-to-a-choking-emergency.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Responding-to-a-Choking-Emergency.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingestión de objetos extraños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000036.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalación de objetos extraños (en niños)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007738.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007738.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maniobra de Heimlich en usted mismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001983.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de las vías respiratorias altas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000067.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de ahogamiento en adultos o niños de más de un año" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100222_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100222_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
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<site title="Primeros auxilios: Asfixia por aspiración" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/choking-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/choking-sheet.html">
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<site title="Serie de primeros auxilios en caso de ahogamiento en bebés menores de un año" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100221_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100221_1.htm">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib) is the most common type of arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Read about symptoms and treatment." title="Atrial Fibrillation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html" id="4964" language="English" date-created="04/13/2009">
<also-called>AF</also-called>
<also-called>AFib</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is atrial fibrillation (AFib)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Atrial fibrillation, also known as AFib or AF, is one of the most common types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmias&lt;/a&gt;.  Arrhythmias are problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. They can cause your heart to beat too slowly, too fast, or in an irregular way.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have AFib, your heart beats irregularly and sometimes much faster than normal. Also, your heart's upper and lower chambers do not work together as they should. When this happens, the lower chambers do not fill completely or pump enough blood to your lungs and body. This can cause symptoms such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, and a pounding heartbeat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AFib may happen in brief episodes, or it may be a permanent condition. It's very important to treat it, since AFib can put you at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart conditions&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes atrial fibrillation (AFib)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;AFib is most often caused by changes to the heart's tissue or the electrical signaling that helps the heartbeat. These changes can happen due to different conditions and factors, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt;, infections, and aging. Sometimes the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop atrial fibrillation (AFib)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop AFib, but there are certain things that raise your risk for it:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aging.&lt;/strong&gt; The risk of atrial fibrillation increases as you get older, especially when you are over age 65.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history and genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; AFib can run in families. So can heart disease, which raises your risk of AFib.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Some lifestyle choices.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk is higher if you drink a lot of alcohol, use certain illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines, or smoke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having certain health conditions,&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Heart valve diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;Hyperthyroidism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race.&lt;/strong&gt; AFib is more common in people with European ancestry.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recent surgery.&lt;/strong&gt; You may be at risk of atrial fibrillation in the early days and weeks after surgery on your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt;, lungs, or esophagus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people who have AFib don't have any symptoms and don't know they have it. If you do have symptoms, you may only notice them once in a while. Or you may have symptoms that are more frequent. And in some cases, the symptoms might be severe. If you have heart disease, you are more likely to notice your symptoms. And those symptoms could get worse if your heart disease gets worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of AFib can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extreme fatigue, which is the most common symptom&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart palpitations (the feeling that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, pounding, or beating too hard or too fast)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;, especially when lying down or when exercising&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dizziness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;fainting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;Low blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can AFib cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If AFib is not treated, it can lead to serious health problems (complications) such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;Sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt; (SCA)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cognitive impairment and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To help prevent these problems, it's important to contact your health care provider if you are having symptoms. If you do have AFib, the sooner you are diagnosed and treated, the better.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is atrial fibrillation (AFib) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have AFib, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, lifestyle, and any other health conditions you may have&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your family history, to find out if you have relatives who have or had AFib&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;electrocardiogram&lt;/a&gt; (also called an EKG or ECG) and echocardiogram&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May ask you to wear a heart monitor device that records your heart's electrical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for AFib may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Blood thinner medicines&lt;/a&gt; that help prevent blood clots from forming.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to control your heart's rhythm and rate.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Following &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt;, such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Following a heart-healthy eating plan that limits saturated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;. An example is the&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"&gt; DASH eating plan&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limiting or avoiding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, because it can increase your heart rate.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Aiming for a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Procedures such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Electrical cardioversion, which restores your heart rhythm using low-energy shocks to your heart.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Catheter ablation, which scars the tissue that is causing the arrhythmia. The scar tissue blocks the abnormal heart signals.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgeries such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Surgery to put in a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;pacemaker&lt;/a&gt; to help control the arrhythmia.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A Maze procedure, which creates scar tissue in a maze-like pattern in certain parts of the heart.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Left atrial appendage closure, a surgery on a small sac in the muscle wall of your left atrium (the upper left chamber of your heart). It helps prevent blood clots and can reduce your risk of stroke. This surgery is for people who are not able to take blood thinners.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can atrial fibrillation (AFib) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to help lower your risk of atrial fibrillation, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making heart-healthy lifestyle changes:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Following a heart-healthy eating plan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limiting or avoiding alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aiming for a healthy weight&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Getting regular physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Managing stress&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Not smoking&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding illegal drugs, such as cocaine and methamphetamines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking antiarrhythmic medicine (medicine to treat arrhythmia) if you are having heart surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treating any health conditions that could raise your risk of AFib&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html" id="4965" language="Spanish">Fibrilación auricular</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001281">Atrial Fibrillation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/atrialfibrillation.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html" id="147">Arrhythmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>AF</see-reference>
<site title="About Atrial Fibrillation" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/atrial-fibrillation.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiarrhythmics" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiarrhythmics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiarritmicos/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrial fibrillation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000237.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000184.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000184.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/atrial-fibrillation-and-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrial Fibrillation Medications" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/treatment-and-prevention-of-atrial-fibrillation/atrial-fibrillation-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrial Fibrillation: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/atrial-fibrillation-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/fibrilacion-auricular-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac event monitors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007700.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Atrial Fibrillation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Atrial+Fibrillation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Digitalis toxicity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000165.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial atrial fibrillation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-atrial-fibrillation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Information Center" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart palpitations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003081.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Palpitations Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003081_33.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003081_120.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heartbeat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000067.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure, Atrial Fibrillation, and Your Risk of Stroke" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/why-atrial-fibrillation-af-or-afib-matters/high-blood-pressure-afib-and-your-risk-of-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Holter monitor (24h)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003877.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Speaks out about Heart Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/kareem_abdul-jabbar-speaks_out_about_heart_health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/kareem-abdul-jabbar-habla-sobre-la-salud-del-corazon">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Maze Surgery" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/maze-surgery/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cirugia-de-cox/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrial Fibrillation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Atrial+Fibrillation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing an Irregular Heart Rhythm" url="https://doctorsthatdo.osteopathic.org/recognizing-irregular-heart-rhythm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substances and Heart Rhythm Disorders" url="https://upbeat.org/lifestyle/substances">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Heart Rhythm Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tachycardia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Atrial Fibrillation" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/treatment-and-prevention-of-atrial-fibrillation/treatment-options-of-atrial-fibrillation-afib-or-af">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Atrial Fibrillation?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atrial-fibrillation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/fibrilacion-auricular">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Who Is at Risk for Atrial Fibrillation?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/who-is-at-risk-for-atrial-fibrillation-af-or-afib">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Atrial Fibrillation Matters" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/why-atrial-fibrillation-af-or-afib-matters">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La atrofia muscular espinal es una enfermedad genética que ataca las neuronas motoras en la médula espinal. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamientos. " title="Atrofia muscular espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="2274" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>AME</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la atrofia muscular espinal (AME)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es un grupo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades genéticas&lt;/a&gt; que daña y mata las neuronas motoras. Las neuronas motoras son un tipo de célula nerviosa de la médula espinal y la parte inferior del cerebro. Controlan el movimiento de los brazos, piernas, cara, pecho, garganta y lengua.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A medida que las neuronas motoras mueren, los músculos comienzan a debilitarse y atrofiarse (desgastan). El daño muscular empeora con el tiempo y puede afectar el habla, caminar, tragar y la respiración.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de atrofia muscular espinal y cuáles son sus síntomas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de atrofia muscular espinal. Se basan en la gravedad de la enfermedad y cuándo comienzan los síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;tipo 1&lt;/strong&gt; también se llama enfermedad de Werdnig-Hoffmann o AME de inicio infantil. Es el tipo más grave y el más común. En general, los bebés con este tipo muestran signos de la enfermedad antes de los 6 meses de edad. En casos más serios, los signos aparecen incluso antes o justo después del nacimiento (tipos 0 o 1A). Los bebés pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;respirar&lt;/a&gt; y es posible que no se muevan mucho. Tienen un acortamiento crónico de músculos o tendones (llamado contracturas). Por lo general, no pueden sentarse sin ayuda. Sin tratamiento, muchos niños con este tipo morirán antes de cumplir  los 2 años &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;tipo ll&lt;/strong&gt; es un tipo de AME de moderado a grave. Por lo general, se nota por primera vez entre los 6 y los 18 meses de edad. La mayoría de los niños con este tipo pueden sentarse sin apoyo, pero no pueden pararse ni caminar sin ayuda. También pueden tener problemas para respirar. Usualmente, pueden vivir hasta la adolescencia o la edad adulta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;tipo III&lt;/strong&gt; también se conoce como enfermedad de Kugelberg-Welander. Es el tipo más leve que afecta a los niños. Los signos de la enfermedad suelen aparecer después de los 18 meses. Los niños con este tipo pueden caminar solos, pero pueden tener problemas para correr, levantarse de una silla o subir escaleras. También pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html"&gt;escoliosis&lt;/a&gt; (curvatura de la columna), contracturas e infecciones respiratorias. Con tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con este tipo tienen una expectativa de vida normal&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;tipo IV&lt;/strong&gt; es poco común y, a menudo, leve. Por lo general, causa síntomas después de los 21 años. Los síntomas incluyen debilidad leve a moderada de los músculos de las piernas, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html"&gt;temblores&lt;/a&gt; y problemas respiratorios leves. Los síntomas empeoran lentamente con el tiempo. Las personas con este tipo de AME tienen una expectativa de vida normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la atrofia muscular espinal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los tipos de AME son causados por un cambio en el gen SMN1. Este gen es responsable de producir una proteína que las neuronas motoras necesitan para estar sanas y funcionar. Pero cuando falta parte del gen SMN1 o es anormal, no hay suficiente proteína para las neuronas motoras. Esto causa la muerte de las neuronas motoras.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas tienen dos copias del gen SM1, una de cada progenitor. La AME normalmente solo ocurre cuando ambas copias tienen el cambio genético. Si solo una copia tiene el cambio, generalmente no hay ningún síntoma. Pero el gen podría transmitirse de padres a hijos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los tipos menos comunes de AME pueden deberse a cambios en otros genes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la atrofia muscular espinal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la atrofia muscular espinal:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo antecedentes familiares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para verificar los cambios genéticos que causan la AME&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se pueden realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/"&gt;electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; muscular, sobre todo si no se encuentran cambios genéticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Los padres que tienen antecedentes familiares de AME pueden querer hacer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prueba prenatal&lt;/a&gt; para verificar si su bebé tiene un cambio en el gen SMN1. Se usa una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/amniocentesis-analisis-del-liquido-amniotico/"&gt;amniocentesis&lt;/a&gt; o, en algunos casos, una muestra de vellosidades coriónicas para obtener la muestra para la prueba.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos estados, las pruebas genéticas de AME son parte de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html"&gt;exámenes de detección del recién nacido&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la atrofia muscular espinal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para la AME. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para ayudar al cuerpo a producir más proteínas necesarias para las neuronas motoras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia genética para niños menores de 2 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia física, ocupacional y de rehabilitación para ayudar a mejorar la postura y la movilidad de las articulaciones. Estas terapias también pueden mejorar el flujo sanguíneo y retrasar la debilidad y atrofia muscular. Algunas personas también pueden necesitar terapia por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para hablar&lt;/a&gt;, masticar y tragar&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Dispositivos de asistencia&lt;/a&gt; como soportes o aparatos ortopédicos, órtesis, sintetizadores de voz y sillas de ruedas para ayudar a las personas a ser más independientes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Buena nutrición y una dieta equilibrada para ayudar a mantener el peso y la fuerza. Algunas personas pueden necesitar una sonda de alimentación para obtener la nutrición que necesitan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Apoyo respiratorio para personas que tienen debilidad muscular en el cuello, la garganta y el pecho. El apoyo puede incluir dispositivos para ayudar con la respiración durante el día y prevenir la apnea del sueño durante la noche. Algunas personas pueden necesitar un ventilador&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="1694" language="English">Spinal Muscular Atrophy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html" id="2044">Distrofia muscular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="2054">Enfermedades neuromusculares</related-topic>
<site title="Atrofia muscular espinal" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/atrofia-muscular-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-muscular-atrophy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia muscular espinal" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11864/atrofia-muscular-espinal/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia muscular espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000996.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000996.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia muscular espinal" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/atrofia-muscular-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/spinal-muscular-atrophy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia muscular espinal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sma.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia muscular espinal tipo 1" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11865/atrofia-muscular-espinal-tipo-1/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia muscular espinal tipo 3" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12203/atrofia-muscular-espinal-tipo-3/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003929.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Does your child have trouble paying attention? This may be a symptom of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (often called ADHD or ADD). Read more." title="Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="152" language="English" date-created="01/07/1999">
<also-called>ADHD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? &lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. But some people don't get diagnosed with ADHD until they are adults. ADHD involves:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having trouble paying attention (inattention)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having trouble controlling impulsive behaviors (impulsivity)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being overly active (hyperactivity)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are three types of ADHD:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mostly Inattentive ADHD.&lt;/strong&gt; People with this type of ADHD have trouble paying attention and are easily distracted. It's hard for them to organize or finish tasks. They may have trouble following instructions or conversations.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mostly Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD.&lt;/strong&gt; People with this type of ADHD have symptoms of both hyperactivity and impulsivity:
  &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;With hyperactivity,&lt;/strong&gt; people feel a need to always be moving. They have trouble sitting still and may fidget and/or talk too much.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;With impulsivity,&lt;/strong&gt; people have trouble controlling their actions and words. They tend to act on sudden ideas or feelings without thinking about the possible results. They may interrupt others a lot or have trouble waiting their turn.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Combined ADHD.&lt;/strong&gt; People with this type of ADHD have a mix of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Combined ADHD is the most common type.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's normal to sometimes have trouble paying attention or sitting still, especially for children. But people with ADHD have more severe symptoms that can sometimes cause serious problems, for example, failing grades for a child or a job loss for an adult. The symptoms are ongoing and may affect family and social life, too.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of ADHD is unknown. ADHD probably results from a combination of factors, such as genetics and your environment. Researchers are looking at possible environmental factors that might raise the risk of developing ADHD. These factors include brain injuries, nutrition, and social environments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of ADHD depend on the type of ADHD a person has:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;People with symptoms of attention problems may often:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Miss details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or in other activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have trouble staying focused on play activities or work tasks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not seem to listen when spoken to directly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Find it hard to follow instructions or finish tasks, or may start but get easily sidetracked&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have trouble being organized, keeping belongings in order, and managing time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid doing tasks that require long periods of mental effort&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lose important items, such as books, wallets, keys, eyeglasses, and cellphones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forget about doing daily activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;People with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity may often:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fidget and squirm while seated &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get up when staying seated is expected, such as at school or work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Run around or climb when it's not appropriate (children) or feel restless (teens and adults)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have trouble doing quiet activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be constantly moving or "on the go"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talk much more than is normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurt out answers before questions are completed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have trouble waiting for their turn&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Interrupt others for example during conversations or games&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;People with combined ADHD show a mix of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no single test to diagnose ADHD. One step of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adhd-screening/"&gt;the process for diagnosing ADHD&lt;/a&gt;  involves having a physical exam, including &lt;a href=""&gt;vision tests&lt;/a&gt;, hearing tests (for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-children/"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-adults/"&gt;adults&lt;/a&gt;), and other tests to rule out other problems with symptoms like ADHD. Other problems with similar symptoms include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep problems&lt;/a&gt;, and certain types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;learning disabilities&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The process also involves a thorough medical history and family history.  And it usually includes using standardized ADHD symptom checklists, questionnaires, and/or interview questions. These tools have rating scales (scoring systems) that help the provider see if a person's symptoms and history fit a diagnosis of ADHD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis of ADHD, the provider needs to have found &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; of these things:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Several symptoms of ADHD that began before age 12.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Several symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that have lasted for at least 6 months and cause serious problems:&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;For children up to age 16, there must be at least 6 ongoing symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;For people 17 and older, there must be at least 5 ongoing symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Symptoms that happen in 2 or more settings, for example, at home and at work or school.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Symptoms that clearly get in the way of functioning well at school, work, and/or in social situations.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Symptoms aren't caused by another &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental health disorder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although there is no cure for ADHD, treatments may help reduce symptoms and improve functioning. ADHD is commonly treated with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Psychotherapy (talk therapy), including behavior therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Education or training for parents to give them the skills and strategies to help their child. This is especially important for younger children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A combination of these treatments.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Good treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making changes, if needed, along the way.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having a healthy lifestyle, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html"&gt;healthy eating&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular exercise&lt;/a&gt;, may also help manage symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For school-aged children, school support is important. This could include classroom-based behavioral interventions such as behavior management plans or teaching your child organizational and study skills. It may also include accommodations such as specific seating in the classroom, reduced classwork, or extended time on tests and exams.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="1762" language="Spanish">Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001289">Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184">Child Behavior Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html" id="306">Learning Disabilities</related-topic>
<see-reference>ADD</see-reference>
<see-reference>ADHD</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyperactivity</see-reference>
<site title="ADHD" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/adhdkid.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/adhdkid.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="ADHD Across the Lifespan: What It Looks Like in Children and Teens" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/adhd-across-the-lifespan-what-it-looks-like-in-children-and-teens" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-tdah-a-lo-largo-de-la-vida-como-se-manifiesta-en-los-ninos-y-adolescentes">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ADHD and Substance Abuse: The Link Parents Need to Know" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/adhd/pages/adhd-and-substance-abuse-the-link-parents-need-to-know.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/ADHD-and-Substance-Abuse-The-Link-Parents-Need-to-Know.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="ADHD in Adults: 4 Things to Know" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/adhd-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-deficit-de-atencion-con-hiperactividad-en-adultos-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
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<site title="ADHD Medicines" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ritalin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ritalin.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="ADHD Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adhd-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-tdah/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ADHD: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Fact Sheet" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/media/pdfs/adhdfactsheetenglish.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ADHD: Tips to Try" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/adhd-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/adhd-tips.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350878?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350878?p=1">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies and Hyperactivity" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/adhd/pages/allergies-and-hyperactivity.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Allergies-and-Hyperactivity.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001551.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-de-deficit-de-atencion-con-hiperactividad-adhd/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-trastorno-de-deficit-de-atencion-con-hiperactividad-en-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Behavior Therapy for Children with ADHD" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Pages/Behavior-Therapy-Parent-Training.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/paginas/behavior-therapy-parent-training.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Finder" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_Youth/CAP_Finder/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resources/CAP_Finder.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" url="https://chadd.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College Students with ADHD" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/College-Students-with-ADHD-111.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on ADHD" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing ADHD" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/diagnosis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/es/signs-symptoms/sintomas-del-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion-e-hiperactividad-tdah.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faststats: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adhd.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperactivity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003256.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperactivity and sugar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002426.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines for ADHD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007592.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Other Concerns and Conditions with ADHD" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/about/other-concerns-and-conditions.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/es/about/otras-preocupaciones-y-condiciones-medicas-relacionadas-con-el-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parenting a Child with ADHD" url="https://chadd.org/for-parents/overview/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Relationships and Social Skills" url="https://chadd.org/for-adults/relationships-social-skills/">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
<organization>Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking on the Stigma of ADHD" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/taking-on-the-stigma-of-adhd" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-enfrentar-el-estigma-del-tdah">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating and Dealing with ADHD" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-and-dealing-adhd" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-tratamiento-y-manejo-del-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion-e-hiperactividad">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of ADHD" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion-e-hiperactividad-tdah.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Understanding ADHD: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/understanding-adhd-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/conocimientos-sobre-el-tdah-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Medications Are Used to Treat ADHD?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-medications-are-used-to-treat-adhd" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/que-medicamentos-se-emplean-para-tratar-el-tdah">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women and Girls (With ADHD)" url="https://chadd.org/for-adults/women-and-girls/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<information-category>Girls</information-category>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los audífonos ayudan a personas con pérdida auditiva a escuchar mejor. Existen diferentes tipos de audífonos, dependiendo de la causa de sordera. " title="Audífonos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html" id="5217" language="Spanish" date-created="04/07/2011">
<also-called>Dispositivos para escuchar mejor</also-called>
<also-called>Dispositivos para mejorar la audición</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un audífono es un aparato electrónico pequeño que se usa detrás o dentro de la oreja. Hace que el sonido sea más alto. Un audífono puede hacer que la gente oiga mejor en lugares silenciosos o ruidosos.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Los audífonos ayudan a quienes sufren de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;pérdida de la audición&lt;/a&gt; por el daño en las células sensoriales del oído interno. Este daño puede ocurrir debido a una enfermedad, edad, el ruido o algunas medicinas. Sólo una de cinco personas que podrían beneficiarse con el uso de audífonos lo usa. Si usted cree que un audífono puede ayudarle, visite a su doctor.  
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Hay diferentes tipos de audífonos. Se diferencian por su tamaño, su ubicación en el oído y cuánto aumentan el sonido. El audífono que funcione mejor para usted depende del tipo de pérdida auditiva que tiene y su gravedad.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html" id="5216" language="English">Hearing Aids</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html" id="5215">Implantes cocleares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939">Problemas de la audición y sordera</related-topic>
<site title="Alto y claro: Qué se debe saber sobre la pérdida de la audición" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/alto-y-claro-que-se-debe-saber-sobre-la-perdida-de-la-audicion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/loud-and-clear-what-to-know-about-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audífonos" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/audifonos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing-aids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audífonos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hearing-aids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hearing-aids.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Audífonos de venta libre" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/audifonos-de-venta-libre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/over-counter-hearing-aids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audífonos: Cómo elegir el adecuado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/in-depth/hearing-aids/art-20044116?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/in-depth/hearing-aids/ART-20044116?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos para la hipoacusia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000359.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir al audiólogo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hearing-test.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hearing-test.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber sobre los aparatos auditivos y los productos personales de amplificación del sonido" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-sobre-los-aparatos-auditivos-y-los-productos-personales-de-amplificacion-del" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/hearing-aids-and-personal-sound-amplification-products-what-know">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene problemas para escuchar? Pequeños dispositivos pueden mantenerlo conectado" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiene-problemas-para-escuchar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/05/struggling-hear">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Find out about autism spectrum disorder symptoms, causes, treatment, and other issues related to this developmental disorder. " title="Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="153" language="English" date-created="06/10/1999">
<also-called>ASD</also-called>
<also-called>Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person's life. It affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns.  It includes what used to be known as Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is called a "spectrum" disorder because people with ASD can have a range of symptoms. People with ASD might have problems talking with you, or they might not look you in the eye when you talk to them.  They may also have restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.  They may spend a lot of time putting things in order, or they may say the same sentence again and again. They may often seem to be in their "own world."&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At well-child checkups, the health care provider should check your child's development.  If there are signs of ASD, your child will have a comprehensive evaluation.  It may include a team of specialists, doing various tests and evaluations to make a diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The causes of ASD are not known.  Research suggests that both genes and environment play important roles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is currently no one standard treatment for ASD.  There are many ways to increase your child's ability to grow and learn new skills.  Starting them early can lead to better results.  Treatments include behavior and communication therapies, skills training, and medicines to control symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="1763" language="Spanish">Trastorno del espectro autista</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067877">Autism Spectrum Disorder</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184">Child Behavior Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html" id="3690">Fragile X Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Asperger Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Autism</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pervasive Developmental Disorder</see-reference>
<site title="100 Day Kit for School Age Children" url="https://www.autismspeaks.org/tool-kit/100-day-kit-school-age-children">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Autism Speaks</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="16p11.2 deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/16p112-deletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="6 Key Facts About Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-key-facts-about-autism-spectrum-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-datos-clave-sobre-el-trastorno-del-espectro-autista">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Autism" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Autism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ADNP syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adnp-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autism" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autism">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/autism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/autism.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autism spectrum disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001526.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/autism-spectrum-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastornos-del-espectro-autista">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/autism" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autism-spectrum-disorder-asd-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-trastornos-del-espectro-autista-tea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autism spectrum disorder - Asperger syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001549.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001549.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autism spectrum disorder - childhood disintegrative disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001535.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autism spectrum disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autism-spectrum-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Baby Teeth Link Autism and Heavy Metals, NIH Study Suggests" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/baby-teeth-link-autism-heavy-metals-nih-study-suggests">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beware of Potentially Dangerous Products and Therapies that Claim to Treat Autism" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/be-aware-potentially-dangerous-products-and-therapies-claim-treat-autism" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/autismo-cuidado-con-las-terapias-y-los-productos-potencialmente-peligrosos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC's Developmental Milestones" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/milestones/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Asperger Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Asperger+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Autism+Spectrum+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Autistic Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Autistic+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Development Disorders, Pervasive" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Child+Development+Disorders,+Pervasive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communication Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/autism-spectrum-disorder-communication-problems-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/problemas-de-comunicacion-en-los-ninos-con-trastornos-del-espectro-autista">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embracing Autism Diagnosis Helps Family Take Charge" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/embracing-autism-diagnosis-helps-family-take-charge" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/aceptar-el-diagnostico-de-autismo-ayuda-a-una-familia-a-tomar-el-control">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/faq/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/faq/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/autism-studies.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="MBD5-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mbd5-associated-neurodevelopmental-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Your Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/health-conditions/intellectual-and-developmental-disabilities/nutrition-for-your-child-with-autism-spectrum-disorder-asd">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Inflammation Linked to Autism Risk" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/prenatal-inflammation-linked-autism-risk">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="PTEN Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autism+Spectrum+Disorder%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/diagnosis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/diagnosis/pruebas-para-la-deteccion-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/signs-symptoms/signos-y-sintomas-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/autism-update/consumer" language-mapped-url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/autism-update/espanol">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timothy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/timothy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment and Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/treatment/tratamientos-e-intervenciones-para-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Autism?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/autism/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="White-Sutton syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/white-sutton-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Autoimmune diseases are where your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Learn about the symptoms, tests, and treatments." title="Autoimmune Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html" id="154" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are autoimmune diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; protects you from disease and infection by attacking germs that get into your body, such as viruses and bacteria. Your immune system can tell that the germs aren't part of you, so it destroys them. If you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks the healthy cells of your organs and tissues by mistake.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases. They can affect almost any part of your body. For example, alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease of the skin that causes hair loss. Autoimmune hepatitis affects the liver. In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, the immune system attacks the pancreas.  And in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt;, the immune system can attack many parts of the body, including the joints, lungs, and eyes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes autoimmune diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No one is sure why autoimmune diseases happen. But you can't catch them from other people.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Autoimmune diseases do tend to run in families, which means that certain genes may make some people more likely to develop a problem. Viruses, certain chemicals, and other things in the environment may trigger an autoimmune disease if you already have the genes for it.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for autoimmune diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Millions of Americans of all ages have autoimmune diseases. Women develop many types of autoimmune diseases much more often than men. And if you have one autoimmune disease, you are more likely to get another.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of autoimmune diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of an autoimmune disease depend on the part of your body that's affected. Many types of autoimmune diseases cause redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are the signs and symptoms of inflammation.  But other illnesses can cause the same symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of autoimmune diseases can come and go. During a flare-up, your symptoms may get severe for a while. Later on, you may have a remission, which means that your symptoms get better or disappear for a period of time.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;How are autoimmune diseases diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Doctors often have a hard time diagnosing autoimmune diseases. There's usually not a specific test to show whether you have a certain autoimmune disease. And the symptoms can be confusing. That's because many autoimmune diseases have similar symptoms. And some symptoms, such as muscle aches, are common in many other illnesses. So it can take a long time and some visits to different types of doctors to get a diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To help your doctor find out if an autoimmune disease is causing your symptoms,:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learn about the health conditions in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html"&gt;family history&lt;/a&gt;.  What health problems did your grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins have? Write down what you learn and share it with your doctor.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Keep track of your symptoms, including how long they last and what makes them better or worse. Share your notes with your doctor.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;See a specialist who deals with the symptoms that bother you most. For example, if you have rash, see a dermatologist (skin doctor).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for autoimmune diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment depends on the disease. In most cases, the goal of treatment is to suppress (slow down) your immune system, and ease swelling, redness, and pain from inflammation. Your doctor may give you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt; or other medicines to help you feel better. For some diseases, you may need treatment for the rest of your life.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html" id="1764" language="Spanish">Enfermedades autoinmunes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001327">Autoimmune Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html" id="1233">Addison Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339">Diabetes Type 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html" id="1234">Guillain-Barre Syndrome</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html" id="83">Multiple Sclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html" id="336">Myasthenia Gravis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232">Rheumatoid Arthritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Autoinflammatory Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="5 Common Autoimmune Diseases" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-common-autoimmune-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/5-enfermedades-autoinmunitarias-comunes">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Antiphospholipid-Syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American College of Rheumatology" url="https://rheumatology.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anti-GBM (Goodpasture's) Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/glomerular-disease/anti-gbm-goodpastures-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000142.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antinuclear antibody panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003535.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/antiphospholipid-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Associated Autoimmune Diseases" url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/17/associated-autoimmune-diseases/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune Association" url="https://autoimmune.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Autoimmune Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune Diseases" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/autoimmune-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/autoimmune-diseases">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune Diseases: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/autoimmune-diseases-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/enfermedades-autoinmunitarias-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000816.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune Hepatitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/autoimmune-hepatitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-autoinmunitaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000245.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-reactive protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complement component 4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003354.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial Mediterranean Fever" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/immune-dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-x-linked-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immune System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/immune.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/immune.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunoglobulins Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-inmunoglobulinas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflammation" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/inflammation">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000710.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuromyelitis Optica" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuromyelitis-optica" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuromielitis-optica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Researchers Discover a New Inflammatory Disease Called VEXAS" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/newsroom/spotlight-on-research/nih-researchers-discover-new-inflammatory-disease-called-vexas">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otulipenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/otulipenia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Immune System" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-system-overview">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paraneoplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/paraneoplastic-syndromes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/pregnancy-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/embarazo-y-enfermedad-reumatica">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-biliary-cholangitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-biliar-primaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protein Electrophoresis by Immunofixation Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-inmunofijacion/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autoimmune+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Shaking Out Clues to Autoimmune Disease" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/shaking-out-clues-autoimmune-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stiff-Person Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/stiff-person-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sting-associated-vasculopathy-with-onset-in-infancy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Study Provides Insights into Diagnosis, Treatment of Rare Immune Disease: Autoimmmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/study-diagnosis-treatment-rare-immune-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Synovial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Thyroid peroxidase antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Autoimmune Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/autoimmune-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/enfermedades-autoinmunitarias">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Autoimmune Diseases: When Your Body Turns Against You" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/06/understanding-autoimmune-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/comprender-las-enfermedades-autoinmunes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Rheumatologist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Rheumatologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-rheumatologist.aspx">
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<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cortarse es una forma de automutilación (autolesión) que consiste en hacerse daño a uno mismo. ¿Por qué ocurre? Causas de esta conducta." title="Autolesión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html" id="6092" language="Spanish" date-created="01/09/2013">
<also-called>Autodañarse</also-called>
<also-called>Autoflagelación</also-called>
<also-called>Autolaceración</also-called>
<also-called>Autolesionarse</also-called>
<also-called>Automutilación</also-called>
<also-called>Conducta autodestructiva</also-called>
<also-called>Conductas autolesivas</also-called>
<also-called>Cortarse</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la autolesión?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando una persona se hace daño a sí misma a propósito se conoce como autolesión (también llamada autoagresión o automutilación). Si bien las lesiones pueden ser menores, en ocasiones pueden ser graves. Pueden dejar cicatrices permanentes o causar serios problemas de salud. Algunos ejemplos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cortarse (usando una navaja, cuchillo u otro objeto filoso para cortar la piel)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Golpearse a sí mismo o a cosas (como un muro)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quemarse con cigarrillos, fósforos o velas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arrancarse el pelo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Insertar objetos a través de orificios corporales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quebrarse huesos o provocarse moretones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La autolesión no es una enfermedad mental. Es una conducta, una forma dañina de enfrentar los sentimientos. De todas formas, algunas personas que tienen una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;enfermedad mental&lt;/a&gt; se autoagreden.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que se autolesionan en general no buscan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;intentar suicidarse&lt;/a&gt;, pero están en mayor riesgo de atentar contra su vida si no reciben ayuda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué las personas se autolesionan?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes razones por las cuales una persona se autolesiona. A menudo, tienen problemas al enfrentar o procesar sus sentimientos. Se autoagreden al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tratar de sentir algo (porque se sienten vacíos o entumecidos por dentro)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bloquear recuerdos difíciles&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mostrar que necesitan ayuda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Liberar sentimientos fuertes que les abruman, como rabia, soledad o desesperanza &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Castigarse a sí mismos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentir que tienen el control &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de autolesionarse?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Personas de todas las edades están en riesgo de autolesionarse, pero en general comienza en la adolescencia o al comienzo de la adultez. La autolesión es más común en personas que:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fueron &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html"&gt;abusadas&lt;/a&gt; o sufrieron traumas durante la niñez&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen enfermedades mentales como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos de la alimentación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;Trastorno de estrés postraumático&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html"&gt;trastornos de la personalidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usan en forma indebida &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen amigos que se autolesionan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen baja autoestima&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las señales de la autolesión?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando una persona se autolesiona, puede mostrar señales como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener frecuentes cortes, moretones o cicatrices&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar ropa manga larga o pantalones aun cuando hace calor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Intentar excusarse por sus heridas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener objetos filosos cerca sin una razón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo ayudar a alguien que se autolesiona?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si una persona que conoce se autolesiona, es importante no emitir un juicio sobre su conducta. Déjele saber que usted quiere ayudarle. Si la persona es un niño o un adolescente, pídale que hable con un adulto de confianza. Si la persona no quiere hacerlo, hable usted con un adulto de confianza. Si la persona que se autolesiona es un adulto, sugiérale que asista a consejería de salud mental.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la autolesión?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay medicinas para tratar la autolesión, pero si existen medicamentos para tratar las enfermedades mentales que la persona puede tener, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o la depresión. Tratar la afección mental puede debilitar el impulso a autolesionarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La consejería para salud mental o tratamiento también puede ayudar al enseñar a la persona:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Habilidades para resolver problemas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nuevas formas para enfrentar emociones fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mejores formas de relacionarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Formas de fortalecer la autoestima&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el problema es severo, la persona puede necesitar un tratamiento más intensivo en un hospital psiquiátrico o un programa de días para la salud mental.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html" id="6091" language="English">Self-Harm</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Automutilación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cortarse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tricotilomanía</see-reference>
<site title="Autolesión: Cortarse" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dano-si-mismo-cortarse/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/self-harm-cutting/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortes y autolesiones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cutting.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortes y autolesiones (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cutting.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando los niños y los adolescentes se autolesionan" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflingirse heridas en los adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Infligirse-Heridas-en-los-Adolescentes-073.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Self-Injury-In-Adolescents-073.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental del adolescente: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la conducta del niño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tricotilomanía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001517.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo ayudar a un amigo que se corta?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/friend-cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/friend-cuts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo dejar de cortarme?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/resisting-cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/resisting-cutting.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dysautonomia is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system, which controls functions such as breathing and heartbeat. Read more about these disorders." title="Autonomic Nervous System Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4242" language="English" date-created="10/19/2005">
<also-called>Dysautonomia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your autonomic nervous system is the part of your nervous system that controls involuntary actions, such as the beating of your heart and the widening or narrowing of your blood vessels. When something goes wrong in this system, it can cause serious problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Blood pressure problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Heart problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Trouble with breathing and swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Erectile dysfunction in men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Autonomic nervous system disorders can occur alone or as the result of another disease, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;, alcoholism and diabetes. Problems can affect either part of the system, as in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html"&gt;complex regional pain syndromes&lt;/a&gt;, or all of the system. Some types are temporary, but many worsen over time. When they affect your breathing or heart function, these disorders can be life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some autonomic nervous system disorders get better when an underlying disease is treated. Often, however, there is no cure. In that case, the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4243" language="Spanish">Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001342">Autonomic Nervous System Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html" id="1481">Fainting</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html" id="1225">Low Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html" id="341">Neurologic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dysautonomia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Horner Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Multiple System Atrophy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Orthostatic Hypotension</see-reference>
<see-reference>Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shy-Drager Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Anisocoria and Horner's Syndrome" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/anisocoria-and-horners-syndrome">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autonomic dysreflexia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001431.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autonomic Neuropathy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autonomic neuropathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000776.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autonomic Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autonomic-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-autonomicas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-leukodystrophy-with-autonomic-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Autonomic+Nervous+System+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypotension, Orthostatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypotension,+Orthostatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Multiple System Atrophy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Multiple+System+Atrophy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Postural+Orthostatic+Tachycardia+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold-induced sweating syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cold-induced-sweating-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8535/congenital-central-hypoventilation-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13493/sindrome-de-hipoventilacion-congenita-central/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-central-hypoventilation-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial dysautonomia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001387.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial dysautonomia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-dysautonomia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Holmes-Adie Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/holmes-adie-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Horner syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000708.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horner Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/horner-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20373547?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horner syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/horner-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple System Atrophy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/multiple-system-atrophy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/atrofia-multisistemica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple system atrophy - parkinsonian type" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000757.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple system atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-system-atrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orthostatic Hypotension (Postural Hypotension)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orthostatic hypotension: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/orthostatic-hypotension">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/autonomic-nervous-system-disorders/overview-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-sistema-nervioso-aut%C3%B3nomo/introducci%C3%B3n-al-sistema-nervioso-aut%C3%B3nomo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pots.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pots.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/postural-tachycardia-syndrome-pots">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-familial dysautonomia and orthostatic hypotension" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Autonomic+Nervous+System+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pure Autonomic Failure" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10428/pure-autonomic-failure/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing POTS: Learn to Spot This Mysterious Condition" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/09/recognizing-pots" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reconocer-el-pots">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stuve-wiedemann-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transthyretin amyloidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/transthyretin-amyloidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triple A syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/triple-a-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tyrosine-hydroxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Do you get enough B vitamins in your diet? Not enough Vitamin B12 or Vitamin B6 can cause anemia. Find out what B vitamins do for your body. " title="B Vitamins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html" id="5376" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The B vitamins are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B1 (thiamine)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B2 (riboflavin)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B3 (niacin)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B5 (pantothenic acid)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B6&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	B7 (biotin)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B12&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;Folic acid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These vitamins help the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. They also help form red blood cells.  You can get B vitamins from proteins such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, and dairy products.  Leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas also have B vitamins.  Many cereals and some breads have added B vitamins.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not getting enough of certain B vitamins can cause diseases.  A lack of B12 or B6 can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html" id="5377" language="Spanish">Vitaminas B</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014803">Vitamin B Complex</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" id="1611">Folic Acid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Biotin</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niacin</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pantothenic Acid</see-reference>
<see-reference>Riboflavin</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thiamine</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vitamin B</see-reference>
<site title="Beriberi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000339.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Biotin" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Biotin%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Niacin" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Niacin%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Riboflavin" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Riboflavin%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thiamine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Thiamine%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitamin B Complex" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Vitamin+B+Complex%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Homocysteine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/homocysteine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-homocisteina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/methylmalonic-acid-mma-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-metilmalonico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niacin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002409.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacin" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Niacin-Consumer/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niacin for cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacin to Improve Cholesterol Numbers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/ART-20046208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/art-20046208?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pantothenic Acid" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/PantothenicAcid-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/PantothenicAcid-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pantothenic acid and biotin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002410.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pellagra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000342.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pernicious anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000569.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="B Vitamins" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitamin+B+Complex%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Riboflavin" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riboflavin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002411.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schilling test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003572.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subacute combined degeneration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000723.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thiamin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002401.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thiamin" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thiamin-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thiamin-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transcobalamin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/transcobalamin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-b-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-b/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B-12 and Depression: Are They Related?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/vitamin-b12-and-depression/FAQ-20058077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/vitamin-b12-and-depression/faq-20058077?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B12" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002403.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B12" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000574.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B12 level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003705.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B12-Deficiency Anemia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-b12">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B6" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B6" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002402.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin Deficiency Anemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You care about your baby's health. Make sure you get regular checkups for your baby. " title="Baby Health Checkup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5435" language="English" date-created="05/17/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;There are many new responsibilities when you have a baby. One of them is to make sure that your baby gets regular checkups, which are also called well-baby exams. These exams are important in making sure that your baby is growing and developing properly. If there are any problems, they can be caught early, when they may be easier to treat. Your baby's health care provider will let you know how often your baby should get a checkup.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During these checkups, the provider will give your baby a complete physical exam, which includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Checking your baby's height and weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Looking at their head, ears, nose, and mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Listening to their heart and lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Testing their hearing and vision (for some visits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Checking their reflexes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The provider will ask you about your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html"&gt;baby's development&lt;/a&gt;.  For example, they may ask when the baby started smiling and rolling over. During certain visits, the provider will do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/"&gt;developmental and behavioral screening tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The provider will use all of this information from the visit to check if your baby is meeting important developmental milestones. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your baby will also get any needed &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;vaccines&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;screenings&lt;/a&gt; during the exam. And you can ask the provider any questions you might have about how to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html"&gt;care for your baby&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You can prepare for your baby's checkups by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making a list of issues and questions you want to discuss with the provider&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being prepared to answer questions about your baby's behavior and eating and sleeping habits&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Being ready to take notes at the visit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to these checkups, you can contact the provider any time if your baby seems sick or if you are worried about their development.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5436" language="Spanish">Chequeo médico del bebé</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010808">Physical Examination</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/babyhealthcheckup.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5428">Common Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1549">Infant and Newborn Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" id="4041">Newborn Screening</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5431">Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<site title="AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pages/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/well-child-care-a-check-up-for-success.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding a Doctor for Your New Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most From a Doctor's Visit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting to Know Your Newborn" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-variations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/newborn-variations.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Baby Health Checkup" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Physical+Examination%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+infant+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Visiting The Pediatrician: The First Year" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/family-life/health-management/pages/Visiting-The-Pediatrician-The-First-Year.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/visiting-the-pediatrician-the-first-year.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Well-child visits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001928.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Can Parents Expect During Their Infant's Well-Child Visits?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infantcare/conditioninfo/well-child-visit" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/chequeos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's First Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's First Vaccines: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Checkups" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/checkups.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Back injuries can affect your range of motion. Common back injuries include sprains and strains, herniated discs and fractured vertebrae." title="Back Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html" id="156" language="English" date-created="07/19/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your back is made of bones, muscles, and other tissues extending from your neck to your pelvis. Back injuries can result from sports injuries, work around the house or in the garden, or a sudden jolt such as a car accident. The lower back is the most common site of back injuries and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back pain&lt;/a&gt;. Common back injuries include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html"&gt;Herniated disks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractured&lt;/a&gt; (broken) vertebrae&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These injuries can cause pain and limit your movement. Treatments vary but might include medicines, icing, bed rest, physical therapy, or surgery. You might be able to prevent some back injuries by maintaining a healthy weight, lifting objects with your legs, and using lower-back support when you sit. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html" id="1765" language="Spanish">Lesiones de la espalda</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019567">Back Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backinjuries.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157">Back Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html" id="284">Herniated Disk</related-topic>
<site title="Back pain - returning to work" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back pain and sports" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Surgery: When Is It a Good Idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Back Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Back+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compression fractures of the back" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000443.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Therapist Near You" url="https://www.choosept.com/find-a-pt">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Physical Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fractures-of-the-thoracic-and-lumbar-spine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lifting and bending the right way" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000414.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lifting Safety: Tips To Help Prevent Back Injuries" url="https://familydoctor.org/lifting-safety-tips-to-help-prevent-back-injuries/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguridad-al-levantar-consejos-para-prevenir-lesiones-en-la-espalda/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbosacral spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Office Ergonomics" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/office-ergonomics/art-20046169?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/back-pain/art-20044526?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention: Exercise" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Prevention/Exercise/Strengthening">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Back Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Back+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Returning to sports after a back injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/spine-conditioning-program/spine-conditioning-program-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplasty - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100204_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100204_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplasty for Spine Fracture Pain" url="https://familydoctor.org/vertebroplasty-for-spine-fracture-pain/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vertebroplastia-para-dolor-por-fractura-de-la-columna/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lumbago is pain on the lower part of your back. Back pain is very common. Treatment varies from medicines to surgery depending on the cause and kind of pain." title="Back Pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157" language="English" date-created="04/23/1999">
<also-called>Backache</also-called>
<also-called>Lumbago</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you've ever groaned, "Oh, my aching back!", you are not alone. Back pain is one of the most common medical problems, affecting 8 out of 10 people at some point during their lives. Back pain can range from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp pain. 
Acute back pain comes on suddenly and usually lasts from a few days to a few weeks. Back pain is called chronic if it lasts for more than three months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most back pain goes away on its own, though it may take awhile. Taking over-the-counter pain relievers and resting can help. However, staying in bed for more than 1 or 2 days can make it worse. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your back pain is severe or doesn't improve after three days, you should call your health care provider.  You should also get medical attention if you have back pain following an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html"&gt;injury&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for back pain depends on what kind of pain you have, and what is causing it. It may include hot or cold packs, exercise, medicines, injections, complementary treatments, and sometimes surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766" language="Spanish">Dolor de espalda</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001416">Back Pain</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/backpain.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html" id="156">Back Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html" id="6681">Guide to Good Posture</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html" id="284">Herniated Disk</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sciatica.html" id="1532">Sciatica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html" id="412">Spinal Stenosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1505">Spine Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Low Back Pain</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lumbago</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pain, Back</see-reference>
<site title="6 Exercises You Can Do in Your Office" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-exercises-you-can-do-in-your-office" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/6-ejercicios-que-puede-hacer-mientras-trabaja">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="6 Things To Know About Massage Therapy for Health Purposes" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-massage-therapy-for-health-purposes">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="9 Things To Know About Chronic Low-Back Pain and Complementary Health Practices" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-chronic-low-back-pain-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Back Pain" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/dolor-de-espalda">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Back Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20369906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20369906?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back pain - returning to work" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back pain - when you see the doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007494.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back pain and sports" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Pain during Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/back%20pain%20during%20pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-dolor-de-espalda-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Pain during Pregnancy: 7 Tips for Relief" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Surgery: When Is It a Good Idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biking, Pilates, and Yoga: How One Woman Stays Active" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/biking-pilates-and-yoga-how-one-woman-stays-active" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/bicicleta-pilates-y-yoga-como-se-mantiene-activa-una-mujer">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic care for back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Low Back Pain" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Low+Back+Pain%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cognitive behavioral therapy for back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000415.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discography (Discogram)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/discography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/discography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diskitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000993.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000993.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural Steroid Injections" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Injection-Treatments-for-Spinal-Pain/Epidural-Steroid-Injections">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Therapist Near You" url="https://www.choosept.com/find-a-pt">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Physical Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting It Straight: Improve Your Posture for Better Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Manage Low Back Pain Before it Gets Worse" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-manage-low-back-pain-before-it-gets-worse" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-controlar-el-dolor-lumbar-antes-de-que-empeore">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low Back Pain" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/low-back-pain/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lumbalgia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low back pain - acute" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007425.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low back pain - chronic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007422.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower Back Pain Symptom Checker Flowchart" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/lower-back-pain/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-la-parte-baja-de-la-espalda/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbosacral spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maintaining Good Posture" url="https://www.acatoday.org/patients/posture/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Chiropractic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI and low back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007493.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Office Ergonomics" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/office-ergonomics/art-20046169?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/back-pain/art-20044526?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevent Back Pain" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/safety/prevent-back-pain" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/precauciones-seguridad/prevenir-dolor-espalda">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention: Exercise" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Prevention/Exercise/Strengthening">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention: The Best Treatment for Back Pain" url="https://doctorsthatdo.osteopathic.org/prevention-treatment-pain">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Pain" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Back+Pain%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiofrequency Neurotomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiographic Assessment for Back Pain" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Assessment-Tools/Radiographic-Assessment-Back-Pain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraining the Brain to Treat Chronic Back Pain" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/retraining-brain-treat-chronic-back-pain" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reeducar-al-cerebro-para-tratar-el-dolor-de-espalda-cronico">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Returning to sports after a back injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sacroiliac joint pain - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000610.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal cord stimulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007560.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Manipulation: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/spinal-manipulation-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking care of your back at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002119.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking narcotics for back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Back Pain Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007422_52.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007422_110.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="That Pain in Your Back Could Be Linked to Your Feet" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/that-pain-in-your-back-could-be-linked-to-your-fee">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many types of bacterial infections. Learn about bacterial infections that can make you sick and how to treat them. " title="Bacterial Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are bacteria?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bacteria are tiny organisms (living things) that have only one cell. Under a microscope, they look like balls, rods, or spirals. They can be found almost everywhere on Earth. There are lots of bacteria in and on your body. In fact, your body has about 10 times more bacteria cells than human cells.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of bacteria. Most types don't make you sick. Some types are helpful. For example, "good" bacteria in your digestive system can help your body digest food and absorb &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;. They can help protect you from getting sick. Bacteria are also used in making foods like yogurt and cheese.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But some types of bacteria can cause an infection and make you sick. They are called infectious bacteria. These bacteria can reproduce quickly in your body. Many of them give off toxins (poisons) that can damage your cells and make you sick. Other types can move into and damage your tissues. A few examples of bacteria that cause infections include &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html"&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html"&gt;E. coli&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do bacterial infections spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different ways that bacterial infections may spread:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes. 
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;By touching surfaces or objects that have the bacteria on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through cuts, scrapes, and skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From the pregnant parent to the baby &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;contaminated food or water&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;By being bitten by an infected &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insect&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html"&gt;animal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexual contact&lt;/a&gt; (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for bacterial infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes your immune system may be able to fight off a bacterial infection. But when you do need treatment, it will be with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;When you take antibiotics, follow the directions carefully. Each time you take them, there is a risk that the bacteria will become resistant to the effects of the antibiotics. This is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;antibiotic resistance&lt;/a&gt;. When this happens, the bacteria are not killed, and they continue to grow. They can cause resistant infections, which can be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to treat.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;Can bacterial infections be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent some bacterial infections by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccines&lt;/a&gt; that protect against bacterial infections.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good hygiene habits&lt;/a&gt;. These include washing your hands often and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paying attention to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;food safety&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces&lt;/a&gt; that your frequently touch.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preventing insect bites by using a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. when you go outdoors. If you travel to an area that has a high risk of diseases from insect bites, also wear long pants, shirts, and socks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practicing safe sex. This means using a latex condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767" language="Spanish">Infecciones bacterianas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001424">Bacterial Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gjuha Shqipe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Albanian">Albanian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bacterialinfections.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222">Antibiotics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html" id="1557">Botulism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html" id="4617">C. diff Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6046">Campylobacter Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html" id="1227">Cellulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1307">Chlamydia Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html" id="1010">E. Coli Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5968">Haemophilus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040">Infection Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html" id="84">Lyme Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningococcaldisease.html" id="5651">Meningococcal Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5360">Mycobacterial Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5714">Pneumococcal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html" id="1213">Salmonella Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="418">Staphylococcal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html" id="421">Streptococcal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html" id="435">Tetanus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html" id="1645">Tick Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html" id="41">Tuberculosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html" id="461">Whooping Cough</related-topic>
<see-reference>Flesh-Eating Bacteria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infections, Bacterial</see-reference>
<see-reference>Necrotizing Fasciitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Q Fever</see-reference>
<site title="About Brucellosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Elizabethkingia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/elizabethkingia/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Leptospirosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/leptospirosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Melioidosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/melioidosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Necrotizing Fasciitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/necrotizing-fasciitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-fascitis-necrosante.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Pseudomonas aeruginosa" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pseudomonas-aeruginosa/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Q Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Vibrio Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/es/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Actinomycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000599.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaerobic Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Anaerobic-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/anaerobic-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic Resistance: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Arcanobacterium-Haemolyticum-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/arcanobacterium-haemolyticum-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
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<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial vs. Viral Infections: How Do They Differ?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/FAQ-20058098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098?p=1">
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<site title="Blood culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003744.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Blood Culture" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest3.html">
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<site title="Germs: Understand and Protect against Bacteria, Viruses, and Infections" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1">
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<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
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<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
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<site title="Nocardia infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000679.htm">
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<site title="Noma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001342.htm">
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<site title="PCR Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/">
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<site title="Rapid Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/">
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<site title="Rat-bite fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001348.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Respiratory Pathogens Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-de-patogenos-respiratorios/">
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<site title="Rickettsialpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001351.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Serology for brucellosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003536.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Shigella Infections (Shigellosis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shigella.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shigella.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<site title="Shigellosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000295.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Sputum Culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Swimming pool granuloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001357.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Tularemia blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003523.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Typhus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001363.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many reasons why you might have bad breath (also known as halitosis) including a lack of dental hygiene. Learn about how you can prevent it." title="Bad Breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html" id="6033" language="English" date-created="08/06/2012">
<also-called>Halitosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons why you might have bad breath.  You can get it if you don't brush and floss regularly. Bacteria that build up in your mouth and between your teeth produce the bad odor. Other problems in your mouth, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html"&gt;gum disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;cavities&lt;/a&gt;, may also cause it. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html"&gt;Sinusitis&lt;/a&gt; or problems with your nose may be to blame. You can also have bad breath if you eat some foods, like raw onions, garlic, or cabbage. And of course &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt; causes its own bad smell. Some diseases and medicines can cause a specific breath odor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having good &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html"&gt;dental habits&lt;/a&gt;, like brushing and flossing regularly, help fight bad breath. Mouthwashes, mints or chewing gum may make your breath fresher. If you have a disease that causes the bad breath, treating the disease may help give you fresher breath.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html" id="6034" language="Spanish">Mal aliento</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006209">Halitosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/badbreath.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/badbreath.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/badbreath.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/badbreath.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html" id="1535">Child Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28">Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html" id="5798">Dry Mouth</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html" id="266">Gum Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html" id="404">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Breath Odor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Halitosis</see-reference>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bad Breath" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/breath.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bad Breath" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bad-breath.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bad-breath.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breath odor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003058.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Halitosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Halitosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental care - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001957.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halitosis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/halitosis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/halitosis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Periodontitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/periodontal-diseases/periodontitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/enfermedades-periodontales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-enfermedades-periodontales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bad Breath" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Halitosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Smelling Sickness: Body Odor May Be Sign of Disease" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/09/smelling-sickness" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/enfermedad-que-huele">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Bad Breath?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/halitosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/halitosis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Balance problems can be caused by aging, infections, head injury, medications, and other health problems. " title="Balance Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html" id="5953" language="English" date-created="01/09/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Have you ever felt &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizzy&lt;/a&gt;, lightheaded, or as if the room is spinning around you? If the feeling happens often, it could be a sign of a balance problem. Balance problems can make you feel unsteady. You may also have blurred vision, confusion, and disorientation. They are one cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt; and fall-related injuries, such as a hip &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fracture&lt;/a&gt; (broken hip).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some balance problems are due to problems in the inner ear. Others may involve another part of the body, such as the brain or the heart. Aging, infections, head injury, certain medicines, or problems with blood circulation may also cause balance problems.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;It is important to see your doctor about balance problems. They can be a sign of other health problems, such as an ear infection or a stroke. Your doctor may send you to a specialist for a diagnosis. You may need a hearing test, blood tests, or imaging studies of your head and brain. Other possible tests look at your eye movements, and how your body responds to movement.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, treating the illness that is causing the disorder will help with the balance problem. Exercises, a change in diet, and some medicines also can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html" id="5954" language="Spanish">Problemas de equilibrio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011434">Proprioception</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html" id="216">Dizziness and Vertigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html" id="1661">Falls</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html" id="5673">Walking Problems</related-topic>
<site title="Balance &amp; Aging" url="https://vestibular.org/article/coping-support/living-with-a-vestibular-disorder/age-related-dizziness-and-imbalance/balance-aging/">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Balance Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/balance-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/trastornos-del-equilibrio">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Balance Disorders (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/balance-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/balance-disorders.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Balance Problems" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22balance+impairment%22+OR+%22balance+training%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing With Dizziness: Getting Help for a Balance Disorder" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/11/dealing-dizziness" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sobrellevar-los-mareos">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dizziness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003093.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Improving Balance with Tai Chi" url="https://vestibular.org/sites/default/files/page_files/Improving%20Balance%20With%20Tai%20Chi_2.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with a Vestibular Disorder" url="https://vestibular.org/article/coping-support/living-with-a-vestibular-disorder/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Balance Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Proprioception%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Statistics about Hearing, Balance, Ear Infections and Deafness" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strength and Balance Exercises" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-rehab/getting-physically-active/strength-and-balance-exercises">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Vestibular Disorders" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertigo-associated disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001432.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Walking (Gait) Difficulties" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/ms-symptoms/walking-gait-difficulties">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What are the Symptoms of a Vestibular Disorder?" url="https://vestibular.org/article/what-is-vestibular/vestibular-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://vestibular.org/sites/default/files/page_files/Sintomas%20posibles%20de%20los%20desordenes%20vestibulares.pdf">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Changes in barometric or water pressure can cause injury to your body (Barotrauma). An example is how a change in altitude can make your ears hurt. " title="Barotrauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html" id="6095" language="English" date-created="01/07/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Barotrauma means injury to your body because of changes in barometric (air) or water pressure.  One common type happens to your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eardisorders.html"&gt;ear&lt;/a&gt;. A change in altitude may cause your ears to hurt. This can happen if you are flying in an airplane, driving in the mountains, or scuba diving.  Divers can also get decompression sickness, which affects the whole body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Common symptoms of ear barotrauma include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A feeling that your ears are stuffed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Hearing loss&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dizziness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for ear barotrauma include chewing gum and yawning to relieve the pressure. Medications such as decongestants may also help.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/barotrauma.html" id="6096" language="Spanish">Barotrauma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001469">Barotrauma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/barotrauma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="Airplane Ear" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Barotrauma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Barotrauma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ear - blocked at high altitudes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002077.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear barotrauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001064.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ears and Altitude (Barotrauma)" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/ears-and-altitude-barotrauma/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flying and Your Child's Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flying-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flying-ears.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barotrauma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Barotrauma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scuba Diving Safety" url="https://familydoctor.org/scuba-diving-safety/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/buceo-seguro/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El barotrauma es una lesión causada por el cambio de presión en el aire o agua. Por ejemplo, el dolor de oídos cuando cambia la altitud de un avión." title="Barotrauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/barotrauma.html" id="6096" language="Spanish" date-created="01/16/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El barotrauma es el daño al cuerpo provocado por cambios barométricos, es decir, de la presión del aire o del agua. Un tipo común de barotrauma es el de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html"&gt;oído&lt;/a&gt; que es producido por un cambio de altitud y puede provocar dolor. Esto puede suceder cuando viaja en avión, va en coche por las montañas o bucea. Los buceadores también pueden sufrir de enfermedad por descompresión que afecta todo el cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas más comunes del barotrauma incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de taponamiento de los oídos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Pérdida de la audición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mareo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para el barotrauma de oído incluye masticar goma de mascar y bostezar. Algunos medicamentos, como los descongestionantes, pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html" id="6095" language="English">Barotrauma</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Barotrauma del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barotraumatismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/airplane-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351701?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de los oídos a grandes alturas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002077.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de oído" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-oido/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/ear-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el buceo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/buceo-seguro/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/scuba-diving-safety/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar en avión y los oídos de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flying-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flying-ears.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un parto prematuro ocurre cuando un bebé nace antes de las 37 semanas de embarazo. Estos niños pueden tener cuidados especiales de salud." title="Bebé prematuro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html" id="2106" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Bebé pretérmino</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Uno de cada 10 recién nacidos en los Estados Unidos es prematuro. Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;nacimiento prematuro&lt;/a&gt; es cuando un bebé nace antes de completar 37 semanas de embarazo. Un embarazo a término es de 40 semanas.&lt;/p&gt; 



&lt;p&gt;Un crecimiento y desarrollo importante del bebé ocurre durante el embarazo, sobre todo en los últimos meses y semanas. Debido a que nacen muy pronto, los prematuros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;pesan mucho menos&lt;/a&gt; que los bebés que completaron su gestación. Pueden tener problemas de salud ya que sus órganos no tuvieron el tiempo suficiente para desarrollarse. Algunos bebés prematuros pueden tener:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dificultades para alimentarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html"&gt;Parálisis cerebral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html"&gt;Atraso del desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Problemas de la visión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;Problemas de audición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los prematuros necesitan atención médica especial en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal. Deben permanecer ahí hasta que sus sistemas y órganos puedan funcionar sin ayuda.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html" id="1519" language="English">Premature Babies</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html" id="6106">Peso del bebé al nacer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html" id="6235">Trabajo de parto prematuro</related-topic>
<site title="Afecciones respiratorias del recién nacido" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/displasia-broncopulmonar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación de su bebé en la NICU" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/alimentar-a-su-bebe-en-la-nicu.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/neonatal-intensive-care-unit-nicu/feeding-your-baby-nicu">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea de la prematuridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007227.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea del prematuro" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aop.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aop.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de peso y nutrición neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007302.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajo peso al nacer" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/bajo-peso-al-nacer.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/low-birthweight">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bebé prematuro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001562.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su bebé está en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nicu-caring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de su bebé prematuro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-de-su-bebe-premature/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-your-premature-baby/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de un bebé prematuro en el hogar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/preemie-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preemie-care.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia broncopulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001088.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia broncopulmonar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bpd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bpd.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edad corregida para bebés prematuros" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/corrected-age-for-preemies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Corrected-Age-For-Preemies.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterocolitis necrosante" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/nec" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/nec">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enterocolitis necrosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001148.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001148.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterocolitis necrosante" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nec.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nec.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familiares y amigos en la NICU" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/familiares-y-amigos.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/your-family-and-friends.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia intraventricular del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007301.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hitos del desarrollo del bebé prematuro" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/preemie-milestones.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Preemie-Milestones.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunizaciones (vacunas) para los bebés prematuros" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/immunizations-for-preterm-babies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/Immunizations-For-Preterm-Babies.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucomalacia periventricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007232.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento prematuro" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/bebes-prematuros.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/preterm-babies">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia en bebés prematuros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007231.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007242.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto prematuro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud de los bebés prematuros" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/health-issues-of-premature-babies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Health-Issues-of-Premature-Babies.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes de los padres hacia la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/common-parent-reactions-to-the-nicu.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Common-Parent-Reactions-to-the-NICU.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinopatía de la prematuridad" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12595/retinopatia-de-la-prematuridad/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinopatía de la prematuridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001618.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobre la atención piel con piel: Método Canguro" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/about-skin-to-skin-care.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/About-Skin-to-Skin-Care.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001563.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de cráneo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ultrasound-cranial" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ultrasound-cranial">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vigilar las complicaciones" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/watching-for-complications.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Watching-for-Complications.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visitar a su bebé en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000590.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos comunes para la enterocolitis necrosante?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/nec/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/nec/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué edad tiene mi bebé? (bebé prematuro)" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/que-edad-tiene-mi-bebe.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bed bugs - ugh! Also known as bedbugs, these critters bite and can make you itchy. Discover how to get rid of them, how to treat bites, and more." title="Bed Bugs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bedbugs.html" id="5649" language="English" date-created="09/07/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bed bugs bite you and feed on your blood. You may have no reaction to the bites, or you may have small marks or itching.  Severe allergic reactions are rare. Bed bugs don't transmit or spread diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adult bed bugs are brown, 1/4 to 3/8 inch long, and have a flat, oval-shaped body. Young bed bugs (called nymphs) are smaller and lighter in color. Bed bugs hide in a variety of places around the bed.  They might also hide in the seams of chairs and couches, between cushions, and in the folds of curtains.  They come out to feed about every five to ten days.  But they can survive over a year without feeding.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent bed bugs in your home:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check secondhand furniture for any signs of bed bugs before bringing it home&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Use a protective cover that encases mattresses and box springs. Check it regularly for holes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduce clutter in your home so they have fewer places to hide&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unpack directly into your washing machine after a trip and check your luggage carefully. When staying in hotels, put your suitcases on luggage racks instead of the floor. Check the mattress and headboard for signs of bed bugs.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To get rid of bed bugs:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash and dry bedding and clothing at high temperatures&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use mattress, box spring, and pillow encasements to trap bed bugs and help detect infestations&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Use pesticides if needed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bedbugs.html" id="5650" language="Spanish">Chinches de cama</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001511">Bedbugs</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bedbugs.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html" id="526">Insect Bites and Stings</related-topic>
<site title="About Bed Bugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bed-bugs/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bed Bugs: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/bed-bugs-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bedbug Bite" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/bedbug-bite?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bedbugs" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bedbugs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370001?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bedbugs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370001?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biting Insects: Bed Bugs" url="https://extension.umn.edu/biting-insects/bed-bugs">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>University of Minnesota Extension</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do-It-Yourself Bed Bug Control" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/do-it-yourself-bed-bug-control" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/controle-las-chinches-usted-mismo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Bed Bug Pesticide Product" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/find-bed-bug-pesticide-product">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Rid of Bed Bugs" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/getting-rid-bed-bugs">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Bedbug Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bedbug.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bedbug.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Bed Bugs" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/how-find-bed-bugs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/como-encontrar-las-chinches">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to Bed Bugs" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/introduction-bed-bugs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/introduccion-las-chinches">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Your Home from Bed Bugs" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/protecting-your-home-bed-bugs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/proteja-su-hogar-de-las-chinches">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Yourself from Bed Bugs in Public Places" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/protecting-yourself-bed-bugs-public-places">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bed Bugs" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bedbugs%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Top Ten Tips to Prevent or Control Bed Bugs" url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/top-ten-tips-prevent-or-control-bed-bugs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/10-consejos-utiles-para-eliminar-las-chinches-de-cama">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Behcet’s syndrome (or disease) causes inflammation of the blood vessels and symptoms in many parts of the body. Learn about diagnosis and treatment." title="Behcet's Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/behcetssyndrome.html" id="1084" language="English" date-created="01/05/2000">
<also-called>Behcet's disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Behcet's syndrome is a disease that involves &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html"&gt;vasculitis&lt;/a&gt;, which is inflammation of the blood vessels. It causes problems in many parts of the body. The most common symptoms are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sores in the mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sores on the sex organs &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Other skin sores &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Swelling of parts of the eye&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pain, swelling and stiffness of the joints &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More serious problems can include meningitis, blood clots, inflammation of the digestive system and blindness. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors aren't sure what causes Behcet's. It is rare in the United States, but is common in the Middle East and Asia. It mainly affects people in their 20s and 30s. Diagnosing Behcet's can take a long time, because symptoms may come and go, and it may take months or even years to have all of the symptoms. There is no cure.  Treatment focuses on reducing pain and preventing serious problems. Most people can control symptoms with treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/behcetssyndrome.html" id="1768" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Behcet</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001528">Behcet Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/behcetssyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.genome.gov/">National Human Genome Research Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="Behcet Disease" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/848/behet-disease/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13141/enfermedad-de-behcet/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Behcet Syndrome" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/behcet-syndrome">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Behcet's Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/behcets-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351326?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/behcets-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351326?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Behcet's Disease" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/behcets-disease/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Behçet disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/behcet-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Behcet Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Behcet+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methotrexate" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis-treatments/methotrexate-mtx/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prednisone" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis-treatments/prednisone/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Behcet's Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Behcet+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Research Provides More Insight into Genetic Basis of Behcet's Disease" url="https://www.genome.gov/news/news-release/Research-provides-more-insight-into-genetic-basis-of-Beh%C3%A7ets-Disease">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uveitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bell's palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. Symptoms appear suddenly and can range from mild to severe. Find out if you are at risk. " title="Bell's Palsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html" id="1219" language="English" date-created="02/29/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bell's palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. It usually affects just one side of the face. Symptoms appear suddenly and are at their worst about 48 hours after they start. They can range from mild to severe and include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Twitching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paralysis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drooping eyelid or corner of mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drooling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry eye or mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Excessive tearing in the eye&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Impaired ability to taste&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Scientists think that a viral infection makes the facial nerve swell or become inflamed.  You are most likely to get Bell's palsy if you are pregnant, diabetic or sick with a cold or flu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Three out of four patients improve without treatment.  With or without treatment, most people begin to get better within 2 weeks and recover completely within 3 to 6 months. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html" id="1769" language="Spanish">Parálisis de Bell</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020330">Bell Palsy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="Bell palsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000773.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000773.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bell's Palsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370028?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370028?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bell's Palsy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/bells-palsy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bell's Palsy: Treatment with Steroids and Antiviral Drugs" url="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/575">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bell Palsy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bell+Palsy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bell's Palsy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bell+Palsy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bell's Palsy?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/bells-palsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/paralisis-de-bell">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Control del peso, salud del corazón y fortalecer el cuerpo son algunos de los beneficios del ejercicio. Aquí muchos más." title="Beneficios del ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6602" language="Spanish" date-created="09/11/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos lo hemos escuchado muchas veces: El ejercicio regular es bueno para su salud y puede ayudarle a contolar su peso. Pero si usted es como muchos estadounidenses, pasa mucho tiempo ocupado, pasa demasiado tiempo sentado en su trabajo y no ha cambiado sus hábitos de ejercicio. La buena noticia es que nunca es demasiado tarde para empezar. Usted puede comenzar de a poco y encontrar maneras de hacer más actividad física en su vida. Para obtener el mayor beneficio, usted debe tratar de realizar la cantidad recomendada de actividad física para su edad. Si usted logra hacerlo, se sentirá mejor, puede ayudar a prevenir o controlar muchas enfermedades e incluso puede vivir más tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los beneficios para la salud del ejercicio?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El ejercicio regular y la actividad física puede ayudar a:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ayudar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;controlar y mantener su peso&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Junto con la dieta, el ejercicio juega un papel importante en mantener un peso saludable y prevenir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;. Si tiene un peso saludable, puede mantenerlo si la cantidad de energía que usted gasta es igual a las calorías que usted come o bebe. Para perder peso, usted necesita quemar más calorías que las que consume&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reducir el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; El ejercicio fortalece su corazón y mejora su circulación. El aumento del flujo sanguíneo eleva los niveles de oxígeno en su cuerpo. Esto ayuda a bajar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt; como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; alto, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad arterial coronaria&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardiaco&lt;/a&gt;. El ejercicio regular también puede bajar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlar los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa&lt;/a&gt; (azúcar) en la sangre y de insulina de su cuerpo:&lt;/strong&gt; El ejercicio puede bajar los niveles de glucosa en la sangre y ayudar a que su insulina funcione mejor. Esto puede reducir su riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;. Y si ya tiene una de estas afecciones, el ejercicio puede ayudarle a controlarla&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ayudar a controlar una afección de salud crónica&lt;/strong&gt;: Por ejemplo, la actividad física regular puede ayudar a reducir el dolor y mejorar la función en adultos con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;. También puede ayudar a realizar las actividades cotidianas de las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad&lt;/a&gt;. Esto puede ayudarles a ser más independientes&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: El ejercicio puede hacer más fácil dejar de fumar, reduciendo sus ansias y los síntomas de abstinencia. También puede ayudar a limitar el posible aumento de peso al dejar el cigarrillo&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mejorar su salud mental y su estado de ánimo:&lt;/strong&gt; Durante el ejercicio, su cuerpo libera sustancias químicas que pueden mejorar su estado de ánimo y hacerle sentir más relajado. Esto puede ayudarle a lidiar con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; controlar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; y reducir su riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantener sus habilidades de pensamiento, aprendizaje y juicio a medida que envejece:&lt;/strong&gt; El ejercicio estimula su cuerpo a liberar proteínas y otros productos químicos que mejoran la estructura y función de su cerebro&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fortalecer sus huesos y músculos:&lt;/strong&gt; El ejercicio regular puede ayudar a hacer más fuertes los huesos de niños y adolescentes. Con los años, también puede disminuir la pérdida de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt;densidad ósea&lt;/a&gt; relacionada a la edad. Hacer actividades de fortalecimiento muscular puede ayudarle a aumentar o mantener la masa muscular y la fuerza
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reducir el riesgo de algunos tipos de cáncer:&lt;/strong&gt; Incluyendo cáncer de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon&lt;/a&gt;, de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;mama&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html"&gt;uterino&lt;/a&gt; de vejiga, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html"&gt;riñón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html"&gt;estómago&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html"&gt;pulmón&lt;/a&gt;. Hay diferentes formas en que la actividad física puede reducir el riesgo de estos cánceres. Por ejemplo, puede fortalecer su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; y bajar la inflamación en su cuerpo. También ayuda a prevenir la obesidad, que es un factor de riesgo de muchos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reducir el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Para los adultos mayores, hacer actividades de equilibrio y fortalecimiento muscular puede ayudar a disminuir el riesgo de caídas
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir mejor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: El ejercicio puede ayudarle a conciliar el sueño más rápido y permanecer dormido más tiempo&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mejorar su salud sexual&lt;/strong&gt;: El ejercicio regular puede reducir el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;disfunción eréctil&lt;/a&gt; en los hombres. Para aquellos que ya tienen este problema, el ejercicio puede ayudar a mejorar su función sexual. En las mujeres, el ejercicio puede aumentar la excitación sexual&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aumentar sus posibilidades de vivir más tiemp&lt;/strong&gt;o: Los estudios muestran que la actividad física puede reducir el riesgo de morir prematuramente de las principales causas de muerte, como las enfermedades del corazón y algunos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo hacer que el ejercicio sea parte de mi rutina regular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas sugerencias que le ayudarán a hacer que el ejercicio forme parte de su rutina habitual son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer más intensas sus actividades diarias:&lt;/strong&gt; Incluso pequeños cambios pueden ayudar. Puede subir las escaleras en vez de usar el ascensor. Caminar a la oficina de un compañero de trabajo en vez de enviar un correo electrónico. Lave el auto usted mismo. Estacione su carro más lejos de su destino
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estar activo con amigos y familiares:&lt;/strong&gt; Tener un compañero de ejercicio puede hacer que usted pueda disfrutar más de la actividad física. Además, puede planificar actividades sociales que involucren hacer ejercicio. También puede considerar unirse a un grupo o clase, como una clase de baile, un club de senderismo o un equipo de vóleibol&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantener un registro de su progreso:&lt;/strong&gt; Mantener un registro de su actividad o usar un monitor de actividad física puede ayudarle a establecer metas y permanecer motivado
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entretenerse con el ejercicio:&lt;/strong&gt; Intente escuchar música o ver televisión mientras hace ejercicio. Además, cambie las cosas un poco. Si solo hace un tipo de ejercicio puede que se aburra. Trate de hacer una combinación de actividades&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Encuentre actividades que puede hacer incluso con mal clima:&lt;/strong&gt; Usted puede caminar en un centro comercial, subir escaleras, o hacer ejercicio en un gimnasio, incluso si el tiempo le impide salir 
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recuerde que un poco de actividad física es mejor que nada&lt;/strong&gt;: ¡Haga lo que pueda! Incluso cinco minutos de actividad física brindan beneficios reales para la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6601" language="English">Benefits of Exercise</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Aprenda a amar el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000764.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios del ejercicio" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/fundamentos/ejercicio-y-forma-f%C3%ADsica/beneficios-del-ejercicio">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre realidad y ficción del estado físico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007165_100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007165_45.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse activo independientemente del peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-mantenerse-activo-independientemente-peso" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/staying-active-at-any-size">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio aeróbico: Los 10 motivos más importantes para hacer actividad física" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/aerobic-exercise/art-20045541?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/aerobic-exercise/art-20045541?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio físico" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ejercicio-fisico" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/physical-exercise">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio, el estilo de vida y los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios acuáticos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/aquatic-exercise/art-20546802?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercite su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábito del ejercicio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/el-habito-del-ejercicio/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/the-exercise-habit/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movernos es importante para nuestra salud" url="https://www.cdc.gov/moving-matters/es/about/movernos.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muévete a tu manera" url="https://health.gov/espanol/moveyourway">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sabes que el ejercicio es bueno para ti, pero ¿sabes cuánto?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048389?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048389?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué es tan bueno el ejercicio físico?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/exercise-wise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/exercise-wise.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué hacer ejercicio?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/por-que-debo-hacer-ejercicio/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/why-exercise/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Regular exercise is one of the best things you can do for your health. Learn about all of the benefits, plus tips on adding exercise to your routine." title="Benefits of Exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6601" language="English" date-created="08/30/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;We have all heard it many times before -- regular exercise is good for you, and it can help you manage your weight. But if you are like many Americans, you are busy, you sit most of the day at your job, and you haven't yet changed your exercise habits. The good news is that it's never too late to start. You can start slowly, and find ways to fit more physical activity into your life. To get the most benefit, you should try to get the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;recommended amount of physical activity&lt;/a&gt; for your age. If you can do that, the payoff is that you will feel better, may help prevent or control many diseases, and will likely even live longer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health benefits of exercise?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Regular exercise and physical activity may:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;get to and stay at a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Along with diet, exercise plays an important role in maintaining a healthy weight and preventing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;. If you are at a healthy weight, you can maintain it if the calories you eat and drink are equal to the amount of energy you burn. To lose weight, you need to use more calories than you eat and drink.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;Reduce your risk of heart diseases.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Exercise strengthens your heart and improves your circulation. The increased blood flow raises the oxygen levels in your body. This helps lower your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.  Regular exercise can also lower high &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglyceride&lt;/a&gt; levels, all of which are risk factors for heart disease. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help your body manage &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood glucose&lt;/a&gt; (blood sugar) and insulin levels. &lt;/strong&gt; Exercise can lower your blood glucose levels and help your insulin work better. This can reduce your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. And if you already have one of these diseases, exercise can help you to manage it. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help you manage a chronic health condition.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, regular physical activity may help reduce &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; and improve function in adults with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt;. It can also help support daily living activities for people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disabilities&lt;/a&gt;. This may help them to be more independent. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help you&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt; quit smoking&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt; Exercise may make it easier to quit smoking by reducing your cravings and withdrawal symptoms. It can also help limit the weight you might gain when you stop smoking. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Improve your mental health and mood. &lt;/strong&gt; During exercise, your body releases chemicals that can improve your mood and make you feel more relaxed. This can help you deal with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, manage &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, and reduce your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help keep your thinking, learning, and judgment skills sharp as you age. &lt;/strong&gt; Exercise stimulates your body to release proteins and other chemicals that improve the structure and function of your brain. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strengthen your bones and muscles. &lt;/strong&gt; Regular exercise can help kids and teens build strong bones. Later in life, it can also slow the loss of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;bone density&lt;/a&gt; that comes with age. Doing muscle-strengthening activities can help you increase or maintain your muscle mass and strength. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduce your risk of some cancers, &lt;/strong&gt; including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;breast&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html"&gt;uterine&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html"&gt;bladder&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esophageal&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html"&gt;stomach&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html"&gt;lung&lt;/a&gt; cancer. There are different ways that physical activity may lower the risk of these cancers. For example, it can strengthen your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; and reduce inflammation in your body. It also helps prevent obesity, which is a risk factor for many cancers. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduce your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt; For older adults, doing balance and muscle-strengthening activities can help reduce your risk of falling. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Improve your sleep.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/strong&gt; Exercise can help you to fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Improve your sexual health. &lt;/strong&gt; Regular exercise may lower the risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;erectile dysfunction&lt;/a&gt; (ED) in men. For those who already have ED, exercise may help improve their sexual function. In women, exercise may increase sexual arousal. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increase your chances of living longer. &lt;/strong&gt; Studies show that physical activity can reduce your risk of dying early from the leading causes of death, like heart disease and certain cancers. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I make exercise a part of my regular routine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here are some tips to help you make exercise part of your regular routine:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make everyday activities more active.&lt;/strong&gt; Even small changes can help. You can take the stairs instead of the elevator. Walk down the hall to a coworker's office instead of sending an email. Wash the car yourself. Park further away from your destination. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be active with friends and family.&lt;/strong&gt; Having a workout partner may make you more likely to enjoy exercise. You can also plan social activities that involve exercise. You might also consider joining an exercise group or class, such as a dance class, hiking club, or volleyball team. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep track of your progress.&lt;/strong&gt; Keeping a log of your activity or using a fitness tracker may help you set goals and stay motivated. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make exercise more fun.&lt;/strong&gt; Try listening to music or watching TV while you exercise. Also, mix things up a little bit - if you stick with just one type of exercise, you might get bored. Try doing a combination of activities. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Find activities that you can do even when the weather is bad.&lt;/strong&gt; You can walk in a mall, climb stairs, or work out in a gym even if the weather stops you from exercising outside. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember that some physical activity is better than none.&lt;/strong&gt;  Do what you can! Even 5 minutes of physical activity has real health benefits.
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010809">Physical Fitness</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Exercise Benefits</see-reference>
<site title="Benefits of Physical Activity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/benefits/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Bone Health" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/exercise-and-bone-health">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and immunity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007165.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Exercise, lifestyle, and your bones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Fitness Facts &amp; Fiction Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007165_45.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007165_100.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Give your heart a workout" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Benefits of Exercise" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=exercise[majr]+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+(benefit[ti]+OR+benefits[ti]+OR+beneficial[ti])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+editorial[pt)+AND+%22last+2+Years%22[edat]">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Real-Life Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/real-life-benefits-exercise-and-physical-activity">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Staying Active at Any Size" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/staying-active-at-any-size" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-mantenerse-activo-independientemente-peso">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Exercise?" url="https://familydoctor.org/why-exercise/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/por-que-debo-hacer-ejercicio/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Physical Activity Is Important (for Girls)" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/fitness/whygetfit/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You may be relieved when your doctor tells you a tumor is benign. But they may need to be removed. Find out more about benign tumors." title="Benign Tumors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html" id="3585" language="English" date-created="08/20/2003">
<also-called>Benign neoplasms</also-called>
<also-called>Noncancerous tumors</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tumors are abnormal growths in your body. They can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer. Malignant ones are. Benign tumors grow only in one place. They cannot spread or invade other parts of your body. Even so, they can be dangerous if they press on vital organs, such as your brain.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Tumors are made up of extra cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells as your body needs them. When cells grow old, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. New cells form when your body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form tumor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment often involves surgery. Benign tumors usually don't grow back.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
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<descriptor id="D010212">Papilloma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acousticneuroma.html" id="1624">Acoustic Neuroma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html" id="3134">Colonic Polyps</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html" id="1387">Neurofibromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberoussclerosis.html" id="1375">Tuberous Sclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html" id="1222">Uterine Fibroids</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adenoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hemangioma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumors, Benign</see-reference>
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<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
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<site title="Atrial myxoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007273.htm">
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<site title="Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bannayan-riley-ruvalcaba-syndrome">
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<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Bone Tumor" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bone-tumor/">
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<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/tumores-del-cerebro-y-de-la-medula-espinal">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Carney complex: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carney-complex">
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<site title="Cherry angioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001441.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cherry Hemangioma" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/cherry-hemangioma?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
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<site title="Childhood Cardiac (Heart) Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cardiaco/paciente-tratamiento-cardiaco-infantil-pdq">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Losing someone you love is difficult. Everyone grieves differently. Get support for bereavement and learn more.  " title="Bereavement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bereavement.html" id="159" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<also-called>Grief</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bereavement is the period of grief and mourning after a death. When you grieve, it's part of the normal process of reacting to a loss. You may experience grief as a mental, physical, social or emotional reaction. Mental reactions can include anger, guilt, anxiety, sadness and despair. Physical reactions can include sleeping problems, changes in appetite, physical problems or illness. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;How long bereavement lasts can depend on how close you were to the person who died, if the person's death was expected and other factors. Friends, family and faith may be sources of support. Grief counseling or grief therapy is also helpful to some people. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Grief and Loss as Alzheimer's Progresses" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/caregiver-health/grief-loss-as-alzheimers-progresses">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grief, Bereavement, and Loss" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/caregivers/planning/bereavement-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/cuidadores/planificacion/perdida-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping a Child Cope with the Loss of a Loved One" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/caregivers/helping-children-when-a-family-member-has-cancer/dealing-with-parents-terminal-illness/kids-understanding-death.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/personas-que-atienden-a-la-persona-con-cancer/apoyo-a-ninos-cuando-un-ser-querido-tiene-cancer/enfermedad-terminal-en-uno-de-los-padres/como-sobrellevan-la-perdida.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping a Grieving Parent" url="https://americanhospice.org/working-through-grief/helping-a-grieving-parent/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Hospice Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Your Child Deal with Death" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/death.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/death.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bereavement" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bereavement%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Seeking Help and Support for Grief and Loss" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/end-of-life-care/grief-and-loss/depression-and-complicated-grief.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/atencion-en-la-etapa-final-de-la-vida/afliccion-y-perdida/depresion-y-afliccion-complicada.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Writing a Condolence Note" url="https://americanhospice.org/working-through-grief/writing-a-condolence-note/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Hospice Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="You Know You Are Getting Better When..." url="https://americanhospice.org/working-through-grief/you-know-you-are-getting-better-when/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Hospice Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bile duct cancer can be caused by liver diseases or colitis. Learn about bile duct cancer tests, diagnosis, treatment, and survival rates. " title="Bile Duct Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html" id="5905" language="English" date-created="11/01/2011">
<also-called>Cholangiocarcinoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html"&gt;gallbladder&lt;/a&gt; stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;bile ducts&lt;/a&gt;. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bile duct cancer is rare. It can happen in the parts of the bile ducts that are outside or inside the liver. Cancer of the bile duct outside of the liver is much more common. Risk factors include having inflammation of the bile duct, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt;, and some liver diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jaundice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Itchy skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tests to diagnose bile duct cancer may include a physical exam, imaging tests of the liver and bile ducts, blood tests, and a biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductcancer.html" id="5906" language="Spanish">Cáncer de los ductos biliares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001650">Bile Duct Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html" id="3787">Bile Duct Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4645">Gallbladder Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cholangiocarcinoma</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Liver and Bile Duct Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alkaline Phosphatase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bile Duct Cancer Causes and Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/causes-risk-factors" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/causas-factores-riesgos">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bile Duct Cancer Diagnosis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bile Duct Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/stages" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/estadios">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bile Duct Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bile Duct Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bile duct stricture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000220.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-bilirrubina-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsy - biliary tract" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics: Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/livibd.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholangiocarcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000291.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholangiocarcinoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cholangiocarcinoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bile Duct Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bile+Duct+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cholangiocarcinoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cholangiocarcinoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100180_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100180_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ERCP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder radionuclide scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Bile Duct Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Bile Duct Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bile Duct Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bile+Duct+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/radiation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Bile Duct Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/surgery.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Bile Duct Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Bile Duct Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bile Duct Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/about/what-is-bile-duct-cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infections, gallstones, and cancer can result in bile duct problems. Discover the types, causes, symptoms, and treatment of bile duct diseases. " title="Bile Duct Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html" id="3787" language="English" date-created="03/09/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html"&gt;gallbladder&lt;/a&gt; stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Different diseases can block the bile ducts and cause a problem with the flow of bile:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html"&gt;Gallstones&lt;/a&gt;, which can increase pressure in the gallbladder and cause a gallbladder attack. The pain usually lasts from one to several hours.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Birth defects, such as biliary atresia.  It is the most common reason for liver transplants in children in the United States.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation, which can cause scarring. Over time, this can lead to liver failure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html" id="3788" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los ductos biliares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001649">Bile Duct Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bileductdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html" id="5905">Bile Duct Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="259">Gallbladder Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Biliary Cirrhosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Biliary Tract Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cholangitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cholestasis</see-reference>
<site title="5'-nucleotidase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003575.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alagille syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alagille-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alkaline Phosphatase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ALP - blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003470.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ALP isoenzyme test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Liver Foundation" url="https://liverfoundation.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antimitochondrial antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bile culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003734.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003734.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bile duct obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000263.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000263.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bile duct stricture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000220.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bile Reflux" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary Atresia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biliary-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biliary-atresia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary Atresia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/biliary-atresia">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biliary atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001145.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary obstruction - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100199_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100199_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary Tract Disorders, Gallbladder Disorders, and Gallstone Pancreatitis" url="https://gi.org/topics/biliary-tract-disorders-gallbladder-disorders-and-gallstone-pancreatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/trastornos-del-tracto-biliar-trastornos-de-la-vesicula-biliar-y-pancreatitis-por-calculos-biliares/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-bilirrubina-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsy - biliary tract" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholangitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000290.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholestasis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/cholestasis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholestasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000215.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000215.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bile Duct Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bile+Duct+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cholangitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cholangitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cholestasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cholestasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Liver+Cirrhosis,+Biliary%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100180_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100180_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ERCP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder and Biliary Tract" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/biology-of-the-liver-and-gallbladder/gallbladder-and-biliary-tract" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/biolog%C3%ADa-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-v%C3%ADas-biliares">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder radionuclide scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gamma-glutamyl-transferase-ggt-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gamma-glutamil-transferasa-ggt/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003458.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIDA Scan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Biliary Cholangitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-biliary-cholangitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-biliar-primaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary biliary cirrhosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000282.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-esclerosante-primaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)" url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-psc/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis-pbc/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary sclerosing cholangitis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-familial-intrahepatic-cholestasis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bile Duct Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bile+Duct+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sclerosing cholangitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000285.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/sphincter-of-oddi-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El bioterrorismo es un terrorismo que usa virus, bacterias y otros gérmenes para causar enfermedades o muertes. La biodefensa protege de estos ataques. " title="Biodefensa y bioterrorismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1771" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Armas biológicas</also-called>
<also-called>Terrorismo biológico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El terrorismo se refiere al uso o la amenaza de la fuerza o la violencia contra personas o propiedades. Un ataque bioterrorista lanza virus, bacterias u otros gérmenes para causar enfermedades o muertes. Estos gérmenes a menudo se encuentran en la naturaleza. Pero a veces pueden hacerse más peligrosos aumentando su capacidad para causar o diseminar enfermedades o para resistir el tratamiento médico. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los agentes biológicos se diseminan a través del aire, el agua o los alimentos. Algunos también pueden diseminarse de una persona a otra. Estos no causan enfermedad por varias horas o días. A los científicos les preocupa que el  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anthrax.html"&gt;ántrax&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html"&gt;botulismo&lt;/a&gt;, otros virus de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html"&gt;fiebre hemorrágica&lt;/a&gt; como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html"&gt;ébola&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html"&gt;peste&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html"&gt;viruela&lt;/a&gt;, puedan usarse como agentes biológicos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La biodefensa usa medidas médicas para proteger a las personas contra los agentes biológicos, incluyendo medicinas y vacunas. También incluye investigaciones y preparativos médicos para defenderse contra ataques bioterroristas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550" language="English">Biodefense and Bioterrorism</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html" id="1783">Botulismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3175">Emergencias químicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html" id="1977">Enfermedades infecciosas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3798">Enfrentarse con desastres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="2256">Fiebres hemorrágicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html" id="2258">Peste</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="1862">Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html" id="2154">Viruela</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anthrax.html" id="1749">Ántrax</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ataques terroristas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Desastres causados por el hombre</see-reference>
<see-reference>Guerra bactereológica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Terrorismo</see-reference>
<site title="Bioterrorismo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/bioterrorism.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Bioterrorism.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bioterrorismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/bioterrorismo-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/bioterrorism/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se habla a los niños acerca del terrorismo y la guerra" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Cuando-se-Habla-a-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Acerca-del-Terrorismo-y-la-Guerra-087.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Talking_To_Children_About_Terrorism_And_War_87.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad psicógena masiva" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-psicogena-masiva-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mass-psychogenic-illness/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envenenamiento con ricina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/ricin/expert-answers/faq-20057863?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición a contaminantes biológicos" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/amenazas-biologicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/biohazard">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listo niños" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiradores" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2003-144_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-144/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxinas como armas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/armas-que-causan-v%C3%ADctimas-en-gran-escala/toxinas-como-armas">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about and prepare for bioterrorism.  Biodefense  includes vaccines and other methods to protect against bioterrorism. " title="Biodefense and Bioterrorism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550" language="English" date-created="10/02/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A bioterrorism attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs to cause illness or death. These germs are often found in nature. But they can sometimes be made more harmful by increasing their ability to cause disease, spread, or resist medical treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Biological agents spread through the air, water, or in food. Some can also spread from person to person. They can be very hard to detect. They don't cause illness for several hours or days. Scientists worry that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anthrax.html"&gt;anthrax&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html"&gt;botulism&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html"&gt;Ebola&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html"&gt;hemorrhagic fever&lt;/a&gt; viruses, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plague.html"&gt;plague&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html"&gt;smallpox&lt;/a&gt; could be used as biological agents.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Biodefense uses medical measures to protect people against bioterrorism. This includes medicines and vaccinations. It also includes medical research and preparations to defend against bioterrorist attacks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1771" language="Spanish">Biodefensa y bioterrorismo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D023482">Bioterrorism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001694">Biological Warfare</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002619">Chemical Warfare Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002618">Chemical Warfare</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anthrax.html" id="1565">Anthrax</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html" id="1557">Botulism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3174">Chemical Emergencies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3797">Coping with Disasters</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="530">Disaster Preparation and Recovery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html" id="6202">Ebola</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="1652">Hemorrhagic Fevers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html" id="513">Infectious Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plague.html" id="1656">Plague</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html" id="1567">Smallpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<see-reference>Biological Weapons</see-reference>
<see-reference>Bioterrorism</see-reference>
<see-reference>Germ Warfare</see-reference>
<see-reference>Man-Made Disasters</see-reference>
<see-reference>Terrorist Attacks</see-reference>
<site title="Abrin" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/abrin/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/abrin/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsine" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/arsine/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biohazard Exposure" url="https://www.ready.gov/biohazard" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/amenazas-biologicas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bioterrorism" url="https://familydoctor.org/bioterrorism/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/bioterrorismo-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlorine" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/chlorine/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/chlorine/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cyanide: Exposure, Decontamination, Treatment" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/cyanide/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/cyanide/basics/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Homeland Security" url="https://www.dhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="In the Event of Bioterrorism: Protecting Families from Deadly Diseases" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Bioterrorism.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/bioterrorism.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Facts about Tularemia" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/tularemia/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lewisite" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/lewisite/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/lewisite/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mass Psychogenic Illness" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mass-psychogenic-illness/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-psicogena-masiva-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nitrogen Mustards" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/nitrogenmustard/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/nitrogenmustard/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosgene" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/phosgene/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/phosgene/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biodefense and Bioterrorism" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biological+Warfare%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Bioterrorism%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Chemical+Warfare%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Chemical+Warfare+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Respirator Fact Sheet" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-144/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2003-144_sp/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ricin" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/ricin/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riot Control Agents" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/riotcontrol/factsheet.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarin: Exposure, Decontamination, Treatment" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/sarin/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/sarin/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium Azide" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/sodiumazide/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/sodiumazide/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soman" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/soman/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/soman/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)" url="https://aspr.hhs.gov/SNS/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strychnine" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/strychnine/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/strychnine/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sulfur Mustard" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/sulfurmustard/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/sulfurmustard/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabun" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/tabun/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/tabun/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="VX: Exposure, Decontamination, Treatment" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/vx/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/vx/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La biopsia extrae tejidos del cuerpo para estudiarlos. Se utiliza para diagnosticar enfermedades como el cáncer. " title="Biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html" id="5922" language="Spanish" date-created="03/01/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una biopsia es un procedimiento que extrae células o tejidos de su cuerpo. Un médico llamado patólogo examina las células o tejidos bajo un microscopio para verificar si hay daños o enfermedad. El patólogo también puede hacer otras pruebas a estas células.
&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Las biopsias pueden tomarse de cualquier parte del cuerpo. En la mayoría de los casos, una biopsia es la única prueba que puede indicar con seguridad si un área sospechosa tiene cáncer. Pero las biopsias se realizan por muchas otras razones también.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;
Hay diferentes tipos de biopsias. Una biopsia por punción extrae con una aguja el tejido desde el área comprometida. Otras biopsias que requieren cirugía.
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html" id="5921" language="English">Biopsy</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003416.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de aspiración pulmonar (tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nlungbiop" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nlungbiop">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/estadificacion/hoja-informativa-ganglio-centinela" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de huesos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonebiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonebiopsy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la almohadilla de grasa de la pared abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003841.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la encía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la glándula salival" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003847.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la mucosa nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003848.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003848.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de las vías respiratorias altas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003856.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión orofaríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de los ganglios linfáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003933.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama con ultrasonido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007432.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama estereotáctica (guiada en forma mamográfica)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastbixr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbixr">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama guiada por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastbimr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbimr">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama guiada por ultrasonido" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastbius" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbius">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de músculo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003924.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de nervio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003928.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-biopsy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de pulmón a cielo abierto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003861.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de pólipos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003415.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003902.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/biopsia-del-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/breast-biopsy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del tracto biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del túnel carpiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003925.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia dirigida por colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia en cono" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003910.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia endometrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia estereotáctica de la mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007433.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia lingual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003849.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia miocárdica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003873.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia pleural abierta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003863.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia pleural con aguja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003862.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina de la glándula tiroides guiada por ultrasonido" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ThyroidBiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ThyroidBiopsy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia pulmonar por punción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003860.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003891.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003891.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003907.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003907.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003908.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003908.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia ureteral retrógrada por cepillado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003906.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003906.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia: Algunos tipos de biopsia que se utilizan para diagnosticar el cáncer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/biopsy/art-20043922?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/biopsy/ART-20043922?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsias" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/biopgen" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/biopgen">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biopsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biopsy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/colposcopy/about/pac-20385036?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/colposcopy/about/pac-20385036?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de tejido duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003730.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo y biopsia de tejido gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopia con biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram de biopsia de tejido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003453.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If your doctor suspects you may have cancer or another disease, she may order a biopsy for you. Learn about the types of biopsies and more." title="Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html" id="5921" language="English" date-created="11/17/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A biopsy is a procedure that removes cells or tissue from your body.  A doctor called a pathologist looks at the cells or tissue under a microscope to check for damage or disease. The pathologist may also do other tests on it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Biopsies can be done on all parts of the body. In most cases, a biopsy is the only test that can tell for sure if a suspicious area is cancer.  But biopsies are performed for many other reasons too.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of biopsies. A needle biopsy removes tissue with a needle passed through your skin to the site of the problem. Other kinds of biopsies may require surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001706">Biopsy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/biopsy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<site title="Abdominal wall fat pad biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003841.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsies (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biopsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biopsy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsies - Overview" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/biopgen" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/biopgen">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003416.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsy - biliary tract" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsy and Cytology Tests" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/diagnosis-staging/tests/biopsy-and-cytology-tests.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsy: Types of Biopsy Procedures Used to Diagnose Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/biopsy/ART-20043922?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/biopsy/art-20043922?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003902.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Biopsy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonebiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonebiopsy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast biopsy  - ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007432.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast biopsy -- stereotactic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007433.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal tunnel biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003925.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy - directed biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cone biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003910.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Culture - duodenal tissue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003730.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="From Biopsy to Diagnosis" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sb463cGheVY">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>College of American Pathologists</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastric tissue biopsy and culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gram stain of tissue biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003453.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Biopsy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/kidney-biopsy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003907.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003907.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Biopsy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that can cause intense mood swings. It's also called manic depression. Learn about the types, symptoms, treatment, and more." title="Bipolar Disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html" id="600" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<also-called>Manic depression</also-called>
<also-called>Manic-depressive illness</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is bipolar disorder?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Bipolar disorder is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html"&gt;mood disorder&lt;/a&gt; that can cause intense mood swings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sometimes you may feel extremely "up," elated, irritable, or energized. This is called a &lt;strong&gt;manic episode&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Other times you may feel "down," sad, indifferent, or hopeless. This is called a &lt;strong&gt;depressive episode&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may have both manic and depressive symptoms together. This is called a &lt;strong&gt;mixed episode&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Along with mood swings, bipolar disorder causes changes in behavior, energy levels, and activity levels.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Bipolar disorder used to be called other names, including manic depression and manic-depressive disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of bipolar disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are three main types of bipolar disorder:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bipolar I disorder&lt;/strong&gt; involves manic episodes that last at least 7 days or manic symptoms so severe that you need immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes are also common. Those often last at least two weeks. This type of bipolar disorder can also involve mixed episodes.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bipolar II disorder&lt;/strong&gt; involves depressive episodes. But instead of full-blown manic episodes, there are episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is a less severe version of mania.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyclothymic disorder&lt;/strong&gt;, or cyclothymia, also involves hypomanic and depressive symptoms. But they are not as intense or as long-lasting as hypomanic or depressive episodes. The symptoms usually last for at least two years in adults and for one year in children and teenagers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With any of these types, having four or more episodes of mania or depression in a year is called "rapid cycling."&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes bipolar disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Several factors likely play a role in the disorder. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bipolar-disorder/"&gt;genetics&lt;/a&gt;, brain structure and function, and your environment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for bipolar disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are at higher risk for bipolar disorder if you have a close relative who has it. Going through trauma or stressful life events may raise this risk even more.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary. But they involve mood swings known as mood episodes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;The symptoms of a &lt;strong&gt;manic episode&lt;/strong&gt; can include
     &lt;ul&gt;   
        &lt;li&gt;Feeling very up, high, or elated&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Feeling jumpy or wired, more active than usual&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Having a very short temper or seeming extremely irritable&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Having racing thoughts and talking very fast&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Needing less sleep&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Feeling like you are unusually important, talented, or powerful&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Do risky things that show poor judgment, such as eating and drinking too much, spending or giving away a lot of money, or having reckless sex&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;/li&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;The symptoms of a &lt;strong&gt;depressive episode&lt;/strong&gt; can include
    &lt;ul&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Feeling very sad, hopeless, or worthless&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Feeling lonely or isolating yourself from others&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Talking very slowly, feeling like you have nothing to say, or forgetting a lot&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Having little energy&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Sleeping too much&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Eating too much or too little&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Lack of interest in your usual activities and being unable to do even simple things&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Thinking about death or suicide&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The symptoms of a &lt;strong&gt;mixed episode&lt;/strong&gt; include both manic and depressive symptoms together. For example, you may feel very sad, empty, or hopeless, while at the same time feeling extremely energized.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people with bipolar disorder may have milder symptoms. For example, you may have hypomania instead of mania. With hypomania, you may feel very good and find that you can get a lot done. You may not feel like anything is wrong. But your family and friends may notice your mood swings and changes in activity levels. They may realize that your behavior is unusual for you. After the hypomania, you might have severe depression.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your mood episodes may last a week or two or sometimes longer. During an episode, symptoms usually occur every day for most of the day.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose bipolar disorder, your health care provider may use many tools:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which will include asking about your symptoms, lifetime history, experiences, and family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medical tests to rule out other conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A mental health evaluation. Your provider may do the evaluation or may refer you to a mental health specialist to get one.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for bipolar disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment can help many people, including those with the most severe forms of bipolar disorder. The main treatments for bipolar disorder include medicines, psychotherapy, or both:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. You may need to try several different medicines to find which one works best for you. Some people need to take more than one medicine. It's important to take your medicine consistently. Don't stop taking it without first talking with your provider.  Contact your provider if you have any concerns about side effects from the medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psychotherapy&lt;/strong&gt; (talk therapy) can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It can give you and your family support, education, skills, and coping strategies. There are several different types of psychotherapy that may help with bipolar disorder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other treatment options&lt;/strong&gt; include:
    &lt;ul&gt;    
     &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),&lt;/strong&gt; a brain stimulation procedure that can help relieve symptoms. It uses a mild electric current and is done while you are under general anesthesia. ECT is most often used for severe bipolar disorder that is not getting better with other treatments. It may also be used when someone needs a treatment that will work more quickly than medicines. This might be when a person has a high risk of suicide or is catatonic (unresponsive).&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS),&lt;/strong&gt; a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves to relieve depression. It is not as powerful as ECT, but with rTMS, you don't need general anesthesia. It also has a low risk of negative effects on your memory and thinking.
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Light therapy&lt;/strong&gt; has been shown to be effective for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Many people with bipolar disorder also find that their depression gets worse during certain seasons, usually in the fall and winter. Light therapy may help with their symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Healthy lifestyle changes,&lt;/strong&gt; such as getting regular exercise, having a consistent sleep schedule, and keeping a mood journal, can also help with your symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;    
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. But long-term, ongoing treatment can help manage your symptoms and enable you to live a healthy, successful life.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
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</site>
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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</site>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Providers: Tips on Finding One" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening Center" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/mental-health-screening-center/">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bipolar Disorder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bipolar+Disorder%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Prevention Information" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/crisis/suicide-prevention-information/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Bipolar Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The bird flu (also known as influenza A or the avian flu) primarily infects birds, but can pose health risks to people. Learn how to avoid this flu." title="Bird Flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birdflu.html" id="4198" language="English" date-created="08/22/2005">
<also-called>Avian flu</also-called>
<also-called>Avian influenza</also-called>
<also-called>H5N1</also-called>
<also-called>H7N9</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is bird flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Birds, just like people, can get the flu. Another name for bird flu is avian influenza. The viruses that cause bird flu normally only infect birds, including chickens, other poultry, and wild birds such as ducks. But sometimes the viruses can infect other animals and, in rare cases, people.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;A few types of these viruses have caused most of the infections in people. They are the H5N1, H7N9, and H5N6 viruses. These infections in people have mainly been in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Pacific, and the Near East. Although it's very rare, there have also been some infections in people in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do you get bird flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;The most common ways you can get bird flu are from:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Touching your eyes, nose, or mouth after handling infected live or dead birds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Touching surfaces or handling items contaminated by bird flu viruses and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing in droplets or dust contaminated with the virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's also possible (but very rare) to get bird flu from:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Another type of animal who has bird flu. Bird flu can also infect many other animals, including some dogs, cats, certain wild and zoo animals, and livestock such as cattle. These animals can then spread the flu to people.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Another person.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating poultry, eggs, and beef that were not properly handled and cooked.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking raw milk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get bird flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain people may be more likely to get bird flu, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poultry workers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Animal handlers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wildlife biologists&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disease control workers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Research laboratory workers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Veterinarians&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who travel to countries where bird flu is present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of bird flu in humans?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes bird flu doesn't cause any symptoms. But if you do feel sick, your symptoms can range from mild to severe. Often, the symptoms are similar to the (seasonal) &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; (but not everyone has a fever)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;Sore throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runny or stuffy nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle or body aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eye redness (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html"&gt;conjunctivitis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with severe illness from bird flu may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt; and might need to be hospitalized.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is bird flu diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Laboratory testing is used to diagnose bird flu. It's usually done with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/"&gt;nasal or throat swab&lt;/a&gt;. This testing is more accurate when the swab is collected during the first few days of illness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For people who are severely ill, health care providers may do testing of a different sample, such as fluid taken during a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/"&gt;bronchoalveolar lavage&lt;/a&gt; or other procedure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for bird flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bird flu is treated with antiviral medicines. It's important to get them as soon as possible. The medicines may make your illness less severe.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;You may also be given antiviral medicines if you were exposed to a person or animal who has the virus. This may help prevent you from getting sick.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can bird flu be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There is currently no vaccine available to the public. The government has developed a virus that is similar to some H5N1 viruses. The virus could be used to produce a vaccine for people, if needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's important to take precautions to prevent bird flu:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have a job or pastime that puts you in contact with birds or other animals, make sure to use proper protective equipment.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Otherwise try to avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your hands with soap and water after touching birds or other animals.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Since it's possible to get bird flu through some foods, make sure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;handle and cook your food safely&lt;/a&gt; and avoid raw milk.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birdflu.html" id="4199" language="Spanish">Gripe aviar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D053124">Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005585">Influenza in Birds</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064766">Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birdflu.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4055">Animal Diseases and Your Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299">Flu</related-topic>
<see-reference>Avian Influenza</see-reference>
<site title="Avian influenza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007263.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007263.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avian Influenza" url="https://www.osha.gov/avian-flu">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avian Influenza in Birds: Causes and How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-birds.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-birds.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avian Influenza Type A Viruses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bird Flu (Avian Influenza): Facts for Families" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/flu/Pages/avian-flu-facts-for-families.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/flu/paginas/avian-flu-facts-for-families.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bird Flu in Animals and People: Causes and How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Influenza in Birds" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Influenza+in+Birds%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Influenza (Avian and Other Zoonotic)" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic)" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic)">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention and Antiviral Treatment of Avian Influenza A Viruses in People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bird Flu" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Influenza+A+Virus%2C+H7N9+Subtype%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Influenza+A+Virus%2C+H5N1+Subtype%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Influenza+in+Birds%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Bird Flu Virus Infections in Humans" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-humans.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-humans.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Birth control, or contraception, is designed to prevent pregnancy. Read about the different options and their risks and benefits." title="Birth Control" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" id="160" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<also-called>Contraception</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is birth control?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Birth control, also known as contraception, is the use of medicines, devices, or surgery to prevent pregnancy. There are many different types. Some are reversible, while others are permanent. Some types can also help prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of birth control?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of birth control, and they work in different ways:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Barrier methods&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Male condom&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A thin sheath that covers the penis to collect sperm and prevent it from entering the woman's body. Condoms that are made of latex and polyurethane can help prevent STIs.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Female condom&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A thin, flexible plastic pouch. Part of the condom is inserted into the vagina before intercourse to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. The uterus, or womb, is the place where the baby grows during pregnancy. Female condoms can also help prevent STIs.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Contraceptive sponge&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A small sponge that you put into the vagina to cover the cervix (the opening of the uterus). The sponge also contains a spermicide to kill sperm.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Spermicide&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A substance that can kill sperm cells. It comes in a foam, jelly, cream, suppository, or film. You put it into the vagina near the uterus. Spermicide can be used alone or with a diaphragm or cervical cap.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Diaphragm and cervical cap&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Cups that are placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix. They may be used with spermicide. They come in different sizes, so it's important to see your health care provider to figure out which size works best for you.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Hormonal methods&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Oral contraceptives ("the pill")&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Pills that a woman takes every day. They may contain only progestin or both progestin and estrogen.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Contraceptive patch&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A patch that a woman puts on her skin each week. The patch releases hormones into the bloodstream.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Vaginal ring&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A thin, flexible ring. The woman inserts the ring into the vagina, where it continually releases hormones for three weeks. She takes it out for the fourth week. After that week, she puts in a new ring.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Injectable birth control&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;An injection of a hormone that a woman gets once every three months. This is done in your provider's office.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Implant&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A single, thin rod that a provider inserts under the skin of a women's upper arm.  It is done in your provider's office. The implant can last for four years.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Intrauterine device (IUD)&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A small, T-shaped device that a provider inserts into the uterus. This is done in the provider's office. IUDs can last from 3 to 10 years. There are two types: hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Sterilization&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuballigation.html"&gt;Tubal ligation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A surgery that prevents a woman from getting pregnant. It is permanent.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasectomy.html"&gt;Vasectomy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A surgery that prevents a man from getting someone pregnant. It is permanent.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are some other forms of pregnancy prevention? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are some types of pregnancy prevention that do not involve medicines, devices, or surgery:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Other forms of pregnancy prevention&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
		&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Fertility awareness-based methods&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;They are also called natural rhythm methods. They involve tracking the woman's fertility cycle and avoiding sex or using barrier methods on the days when she is most likely to get pregnant. This method may have higher pregnancy rates than other types.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A form of natural birth control for breastfeeding mothers. It relies on the new mother feeding her baby only breastmilk for up to six months and having no periods or spotting during that time.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Withdrawal&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;During intercourse, the penis is pulled out of the vagina before ejaculation. The goal is to keep sperm from entering the vagina . But the sperm can leak out before the penis is pulled out, so this method has higher pregnancy rates than other types.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What is emergency contraception? &lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emergency contraception is not a regular method of birth control. But it can be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or if a condom breaks. There are two types:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Copper IUD, which is a small, T-shaped device that a provider inserts into the within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), which are hormonal pills which the woman takes as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3&gt;What else should I know about birth control?&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;When deciding which birth control type is right for you, there are many different factors to consider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do you want to have children someday? How soon?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do you have any health conditions?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How often do you have sex?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many sex partners do you have?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do you also need protection from HIV and other STIs?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How well does the birth control method work?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are there any side effects?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will you be able to use it correctly every time?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How much does it cost?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your provider can answer your questions about birth control to help you select the best type for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"&gt;
 &lt;/table&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html" id="1773" language="Spanish">Control de la natalidad y contracepción</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005193">Family Planning Services</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003267">Contraception</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthcontrol.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" id="1459">Teen Sexual Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuballigation.html" id="5818">Tubal Ligation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasectomy.html" id="5821">Vasectomy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Contraception</see-reference>
<see-reference>Family Planning</see-reference>
<see-reference>IUD</see-reference>
<site title="Abstinence" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abstinence.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abstinence.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barrier methods of birth control - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100107_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100107_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barrier Methods of Birth Control: Spermicide, Condom, Sponge, Diaphragm, and Cervical Cap" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/barrier-methods-of-birth-control-spermicide-condom-sponge-diaphragm-and-cervical-cap" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Metodos-anticonceptivos-de-barrera">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/birth-control">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth control - slow release methods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007555.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth control and family planning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001946.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control Methods" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control Options: Things to Consider" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/birth-control-options/art-20045571?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/birth-control-options/art-20045571?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control Patch" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-patch.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-patch.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control Pill" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-birth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-birth.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth control pill - series -- Normal female anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100108_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100108_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth control pills" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007460.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth control pills - combination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000655.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth control pills - progestin only" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000656.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth control pills overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002599.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control Ring" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-ring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-ring.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control Shot" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-depo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-depo.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control: How to Use Your Diaphragm" url="https://familydoctor.org/birth-control-how-to-use-your-diaphragm/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-usar-su-diafragma/?adfree=true?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control: Implantable Contraception" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/about-implantable-bc.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/about-implantable-bc.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Contraception" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=contraception&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Family Planning Services" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Family+Planning+Services%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intrauterine Devices" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intrauterine+Devices%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Combined Hormonal Birth Control: Pill, Patch, and Ring" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/combined-hormonal-birth-control-pill-patch-ring">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condom application - series -- Procedure, part 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condoms" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-condom.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-condom.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condoms - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004001.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contraception" url="https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contraception and Birth Control" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contraception/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/contraception/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Could I Get Pregnant if I Have Sex During My Period?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sex-during-period.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deciding about an IUD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000774.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000774.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depo-Provera: An Injectable Contraceptive" url="https://familydoctor.org/depo-provera-an-injectable-contraceptive/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depo-provera-un-anticonceptivo-inyectable/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diaphragm" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-diaphragm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-diaphragm.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Douching" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Effectiveness of Birth Control Methods" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/infographics/effectiveness-of-birth-control-methods" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/infographics/eficacia-de-los-metodos-anticonceptivos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Contraception" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/emergency-contraception">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency contraception" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007014.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Contraception" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-emergency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-emergency.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essure Permanent Birth Control" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/implants-and-prosthetics/essure-permanent-birth-control">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Contraceptive Use" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/contraceptive.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female condoms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004002.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Awareness-Based Methods of Family Planning" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/fertility-awareness-based-methods-of-family-planning">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Effective Is Male Contraception?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/effective" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/anticoncepcion">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use a Dental Dam" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/resources/dental-dam.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/resources/como-usar-una-barrera-bucal-1.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intrauterine devices (IUD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007635.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007635.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="IUD (Intrauterine Device)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-iud.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-iud.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics from the National Survey of Family Growth: Vasectomy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/v.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know Your Rights: Reproductive Health Care" url="https://reproductiverights.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://reproductiverights.gov/es/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC): Intrauterine Device (IUD) and Implant" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/long-acting-reversible-contraception-iud-and-implant">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morning-After Pill" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/morning-after-pill/about/pac-20394730?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/morning-after-pill/about/pac-20394730?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noncontraceptive Benefits of Birth Control Pills" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/noncontraceptive-benefits-of-birth-control-pills/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/beneficios_no_contraceptivos_de_las_pilaoras_anticonceptivas-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-pildoras-anticonceptivas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Other Contraception and Birth Control FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contraception/more_information/other-faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/contraception/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Birth Control" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/postpartum-birth-control">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progestin-Only Hormonal Birth Control: Pill and Injection" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/progestin-only-hormonal-birth-control-pill-and-injection">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Contraception%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Family+Planning+Services%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sterilization for Women and Men" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/sterilization-for-women-and-men">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Birth Control" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001946_51.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001946_109.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal sponge and spermicides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004003.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Different Types of Contraception?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contraception/conditioninfo/types" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/contraception/informacion/tipos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Withdrawal" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-withdrawal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-withdrawal.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Withdrawal Method (Coitus Interruptus)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/withdrawal-method/about/pac-20395283?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/withdrawal-method/about/pac-20395283?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A birth defect is a problem that happens while a baby is developing in the mother's body.  Learn about the different types of birth defects, their treatments, and how some kinds can be prevented." title="Birth Defects" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127" language="English" date-created="01/10/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are birth defects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A birth defect is a problem that happens while a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;baby is developing&lt;/a&gt; in the mother's body.  Most birth defects happen during the first 3 months of pregnancy. One out of every 33 babies in the United States is born with a birth defect.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A birth defect may affect how the body looks, works, or both. Some birth defects like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;cleft lip&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;neural tube defects&lt;/a&gt; are structural problems that can be easy to see. Others, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, are found using special tests. Birth defects can range from mild to severe. How a birth defect affects a child's life depends mostly on which organ or body part is involved and how severe the defect is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes birth defects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For some birth defects, researchers know the cause. But for many birth defects, the exact cause is unknown. Researchers think that most birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors, which can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; One or more genes might have a change or mutation that prevents them from working properly. For example, this happens in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html"&gt;Fragile X syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. With some defects, a gene or part of the gene might be missing.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chromosomal problems.&lt;/strong&gt; In some cases, a chromosome or part of a chromosome might be missing. This is what happens in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;Turner syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. In other cases, such as with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, the child has an extra chromosome. &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposures to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;, chemicals, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html"&gt;other toxic substances&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, alcohol misuse can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;fetal alcohol spectrum disorders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Infections during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, infection with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html"&gt;Zika virus&lt;/a&gt; during pregnancy can cause a serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html"&gt;defect in the brain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lack of certain nutrients.&lt;/strong&gt; Not getting enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;folic acid&lt;/a&gt; before and during pregnancy is a key factor in causing neural tube defects.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk of having a baby with birth defects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors may increase the chances of having a baby with a birth defect, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking certain "street" drugs &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having certain medical conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; or uncontrolled &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, before and during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having someone in your family with a birth defect. To learn more about your risk of having a baby with a birth defect, you can talk with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html"&gt;genetic counselor&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being an older mother, typically over the age of 34 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are birth defects diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers can diagnose some birth defects during pregnancy, using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prenatal testing&lt;/a&gt;.  That's why it important to get regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal care&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Other birth defects may not be found until after the baby is born. Providers may find them through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;newborn screening&lt;/a&gt;. Some defects, such as club foot, are obvious right away. Other times, the health care provider may not discover a defect until later in life, when the child has symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for birth defects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Children with birth defects often need special care and treatments. Because the symptoms and problems caused by birth defects vary, the treatments also vary. Possible treatments may include surgery, medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html"&gt;assistive devices&lt;/a&gt;, physical therapy, and speech therapy.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Often, children with birth defects need a variety of services and may need to see several specialists. The primary health care provider can coordinate the special care that the child needs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can birth defects be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not all birth defects can be prevented. But there are things you can do before and during pregnancy to increase your chance of having a healthy baby:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Start prenatal care as soon as you think you might be pregnant, and see your health care provider regularly during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. If possible, you should start taking it at least one month before you get pregnant.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't drink alcohol, smoke, or use "street" drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talk to your health care provider about any medicines you are taking or thinking about taking. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, as well as dietary or herbal supplements.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Learn how to prevent infections during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have any medical conditions, try to get them under control before you get pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<descriptor id="D000013">Congenital Abnormalities</descriptor>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022">Brain Malformations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html" id="6164">Chiari Malformation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="191">Cleft Lip and Palate</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="198">Congenital Heart Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5757">Craniofacial Abnormalities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6057">Fetal Health and Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3117">Genetic Brain Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html" id="33">Genetic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html" id="340">Neural Tube Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" id="3091">Prenatal Testing</related-topic>
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Limb Reduction Defects" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/limb-reduction-defects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/defectos-por-reduccion-de-extremidades.html">
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<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
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<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meckel diverticulectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002929.htm">
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<site title="Meckel diverticulum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000234.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000234.htm">
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<site title="Meckel's diverticulectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100092_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100092_1.htm">
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<site title="Microtia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/microtia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/microtia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moebius Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/moebius-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000994.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000994.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/omphalocele.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/onfalocele.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002938.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100033_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100033_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pierre Robin Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pierre-robin-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pierre-robin-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polyhydramnios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003267.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Birth Defects" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/birthdefects/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prune belly syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001269.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Defects" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital+Abnormalities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Quadruple screen test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007311.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007311.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reducing Risks of Birth Defects" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/reducing-risks-of-birth-defects" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/La-reduccion-de-los-riesgos-de-defectos-congenitos">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms" url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Gastroschisis (Gastroschisis Silo)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gastroschisis_silo.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trisomy 13" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001660.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cryptorchidism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cryptorchidism.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Types of Congenital Anomalies?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/conditioninfo/types" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/birthdefects/informacion/tipos">
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<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Your Baby's in the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nicu-caring.html">
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<site title="Williams Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/williams-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/williams-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Newborn babies vary in birth weight and size. Some low birth babies may have health issues. Get the facts on your baby's birth weight." title="Birth Weight" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html" id="6105" language="English" date-created="01/28/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is birth weight?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Birth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after being born.  A low birth weight means that the baby is less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. A high birth weight means that the baby is more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;What can cause low birth weight?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A baby with a low birth weight can be born too small, too early (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;premature&lt;/a&gt;), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;Health problems in the pregnant parent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;Taking certain medicines during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Substance use during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Infections during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being pregnant with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;multiple babies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with the placenta, the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having small parents&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;Genetic conditions&lt;/a&gt; in the baby&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;Birth defects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What problems can low birth weight cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Babies with low birth weight may be more at risk of certain health problems. They include immediate problems, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html"&gt;Hypoglycemia&lt;/a&gt; (low blood sugar)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;Jaundice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble keeping warm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also a higher risk of longer-term problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Delayed motor and social development&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Learning disabilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain health conditions as an adult, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can cause high birth weight?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Causes of high birth weight can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Having big parents&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;Diabetes in the pregnant parent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain genetic conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Too much weight gain during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What problems can high birth weight cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;High birth weight can be a concern because it can make delivery of the baby difficult and raise the risk of birth injuries. The baby is at higher risk of problems with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;Blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jaundice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can birth weight problems be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to prevent some birth weight problems by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;checkups during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting the right amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;nutrition&lt;/a&gt; and calories during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlling your blood sugar if you have diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding substance use during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html" id="6106" language="Spanish">Peso del bebé al nacer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001724">Birth Weight</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/birthweight.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6057">Fetal Health and Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html" id="1519">Premature Babies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5431">Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>Large for Gestational Age</see-reference>
<see-reference>Low Birth Weight</see-reference>
<see-reference>Small for Gestational Age</see-reference>
<site title="Appropriate for gestational age (AGA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002225.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant, Low Birth Weight" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infant,+Low+Birth+Weight%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant, Small for Gestational Age" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infant,+Small+for+Gestational+Age%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Large for Gestational Age" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fetal+Macrosomia%22+OR+%22Large+for+Gestational+Age%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Birthweight and Gestation" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/birthweight.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Growth Restriction" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intrauterine-growth-restriction/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/retraso-del-crecimiento-intrauterino-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Macrosomia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intrauterine growth restriction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001500.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iugr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iugr.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large for gestational age (LGA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002248.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large-for-Gestational-Age (LGA) Newborns" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/general-problems-in-newborns/large-for-gestational-age-lga-newborn">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Birthweight" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/low-birthweight" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/bajo-peso-al-nacer.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal weight gain and nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007302.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Weight" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Birth+Weight%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Small for gestational age (SGA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002302.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracking Your Baby's Weight and Measurements" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Tracking-Your-Babys-Weight-and-Measurements.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/tracking-your-babys-weight-and-measurements.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Newborn's Growth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/grownewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/grownewborn.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Birthmarks can be two main types: vascular, such as hemangiomas and port wine stains or pigmented, such as a mole or Mongolian spot. Find out more." title="Birthmarks" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthmarks.html" id="5402" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<also-called>Cafe au lait spot</also-called>
<also-called>Hemangioma</also-called>
<also-called>Mongolian spot</also-called>
<also-called>Nevus</also-called>
<also-called>Strawberry mark</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Birthmarks are abnormalities of the skin that are present when a baby is born. There are two types of birthmarks. Vascular birthmarks are made up of blood vessels that haven't formed correctly. They are usually red. Two types of vascular birthmarks are hemangiomas and port-wine stains.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html"&gt;Pigmented&lt;/a&gt; birthmarks are made of a cluster of pigment cells which cause color in skin. They can be many different colors, from tan to brown, gray to black, or even blue. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/moles.html"&gt;Moles&lt;/a&gt; can be birthmarks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one knows what causes many types of birthmarks, but some run in families. Your baby's doctor will look at the birthmark to see if it needs any treatment or if it should be watched. Pigmented birthmarks aren't usually treated, except for moles. Treatment for vascular birthmarks includes laser surgery. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most birthmarks are not serious, and some go away on their own. Some stay the same or get worse as you get older. Usually birthmarks are only a concern for your appearance. But certain types can increase your risk of skin cancer. If your birthmark bleeds, hurts, itches, or becomes infected, call your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthmarks.html" id="5403" language="Spanish">Manchas de nacimiento</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009506">Nevus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006391">Hemangioma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthmarks.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/moles.html" id="4491">Moles</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hemangioma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nevus</see-reference>
<site title="Birthmarks" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/birthmarks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/birthmarks.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthmarks - pigmented" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000828.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthmarks: Conditions, Treatments, and Pictures" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/birthmarks-conditions-treatments-and-pictures?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthmarks: Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/birthmarks-symptoms?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Café au Lait Macule" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/cafeau-lait-macule?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capillary Hemangioma" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/capillary-hemangioma">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cherry angioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001441.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cherry Hemangioma" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/cherry-hemangioma?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemangioma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemangioma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nevus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nevus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Hemangiomas (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congenital-hemangioma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congenital-hemangioma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermal melanocytosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001472.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giant congenital melanocytic nevus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/giant-congenital-melanocytic-nevus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Understanding Hemangiomas" url="https://ccakids.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Hemangioma-guide_2018.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Children's Craniofacial Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001459.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma excision - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100114_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100114_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangiomas" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Hemangiomas?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infantile Hemangiomas (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/infantile-hemangioma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/infantile-hemangioma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infantile Hemangiomas: About Strawberry Baby Birthmarks" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Pages/Infantile-Hemangiomas-Baby-Birthmarks.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/paginas/infantile-hemangiomas-baby-birthmarks.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000150.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/klippel-trenaunay-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laser Vascular Lesion Treatment" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/laser-vascular-lesion-treatment?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laser/Light Therapy for Birthmarks" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/laser-light-therapy/laser-therapy-for-birthmarks">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nevus, Congenital Melanocytic" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/congenital-melanocytic-nevus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Port-wine stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001475.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Port-Wine Stain" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/port-wine-stain?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Port-Wine Stains" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/port-wine-stains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/port-wine-stains.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthmarks" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemangioma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Nevus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Red birthmarks" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001440.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmon Patch" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/salmon-patch?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stork bite" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001388.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strawberry Hemangioma" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/infantile-hemangioma?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sturge-Weber syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001426.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sturge-Weber Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/sturge-weber-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sturge-Weber Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sturge-weber-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What does LCMN (Large Congenital Melanocytic Nevus) Mean?" url="https://www.nevus.org/what-is-cmn">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nevus Outreach, Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Hemangioma?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hemangioma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hemangioma">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's a Birthmark?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/birthmark.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/birthmark.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Black and African American health disparities and access to healthcare are among the issues concerning the health of Blacks and African Americans. Learn more." title="Black and African American Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/blackandafricanamericanhealth.html" id="162" language="English" date-created="05/25/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result from:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Environmental factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Access to care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cultural factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Black and African Americans.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blackandafricanamericanhealth.html" id="1725" language="Spanish">Salud de los afroamericanos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001741">Black or African American</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blackandafricanamericanhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimhd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</primary-institute>
<site title="A1C Test and Race/Ethnicity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="African American People and Commercial Tobacco: Health Disparities and Ways to Advance Health Equity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco-health-equity/collection/african-american.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="African Americans and Glaucoma" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/african-americans-and-glaucoma">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="African-American Hair: Tips for Everyday Care" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/hair-scalp-care/hair/care-african-american?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anyone Can Get Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/anyone-can-get-skin-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/cualquiera-padecer-cancer-piel">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and African Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/asthma-and-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black People, Heart Disease and Stroke" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/african-americans-and-heart-disease-stroke">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and African Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/cancer-and-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Liver Disease and African Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/chronic-liver-disease-and-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Black and African Americans" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22african+american%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Health of Black or African American non-Hispanic Population" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/black-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and African Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/heart-disease-and-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure among Black People" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/know-your-risk-factors-for-high-blood-pressure/high-blood-pressure-among-black-people">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How MS Affects the Black Community" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/who-gets-ms/how-ms-affects-the-black-community">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Impact of HIV on Black People in the United States" url="https://www.kff.org/hivaids/fact-sheet/the-impact-of-hiv-on-black-people-in-the-united-states/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality and African Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/infant-mortality-and-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="It's Only Natural: Mother's Love, Mother's Milk" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/its-only-natural" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/its-only-natural">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental and Behavioral Health -- African Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/mental-and-behavioral-health-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities" url="https://www.nimhd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Study Tracks Exercise with Mobile Apps to Improve Heart Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/nih-study-tracks-exercise-with-mobile-apps-to-improve-heart-health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-estudio-de-los-institutos-nacionales-de-la-salud-utiliza-aplicaciones-moviles-para-seguir-el-ejercicio-y-mejorar-la-salud-del-corazon">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity and African Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/obesity-and-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="On the Move to Better Heart Health for African Americans" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/WEHL-On%20the%20Move%20Booklet_508.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Black and African American Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Black+or+African+American%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Setting Goals to Be More Active Slows Memory Decline in Older African Americans" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/setting-goals-be-more-active-slows-memory-decline-older-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Anemia: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surprising Truth about Prediabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/truth-about-prediabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC/DiabetesTipo2/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Heart Truth for African American Women: Take Action to Protect Your Heart" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/heart-truth-african-american-women-take-action-protect-your-heart-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Truth About African American Women and Heart Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/truth-about-african-american-women-and-heart-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips from Former Smokers: African Americans" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/afroamericanos.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis and Black or African American Persons" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/health-equity/black-or-african-american-persons.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/populations/tbinafricanamericans/default.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bladder cancer symptoms range from lower back pain to blood in your urine. Read about important risk factors and find a list of treatments available" title="Bladder Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html" id="163" language="English" date-created="06/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The bladder is a hollow organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Bladder cancer occurs in the lining of the bladder. It is the sixth most common type of cancer in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Blood in your urine&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;A frequent urge to urinate&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Pain when you urinate&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Low back pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Risk factors for developing bladder cancer include smoking and exposure to certain chemicals in the workplace.  People with a family history of bladder cancer or who are older, white, or male have a higher risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for bladder cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html" id="1776" language="Spanish">Cáncer de vejiga</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001749">Urinary Bladder Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164">Bladder Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Urinary Bladder Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="Advances in Bladder Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-edulcorantes-artificiales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003902.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bladder-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356104?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bladder-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356104?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000486.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Causes and Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/causes-risk-factors" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/causas-factores-riesgo">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Diagnosis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Prognosis and Survival Rates" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/survival" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/supervivencia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vejiga/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/screening" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/deteccion#section/all">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/stages" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/estadios">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Symptoms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bladder cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bladder-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Stat Facts: Bladder Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Bladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/childhood" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/infantil">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ureteral Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ureteral+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urethral Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urethral+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urinary+Bladder+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Bladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/coping" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/afrontar">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cytology exam of urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003905.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003905.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Bladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/bladder">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-transicion-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intravenous pyelogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003782.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary+Bladder+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renal pelvis or ureter cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000525.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Bladder Cancer by Stage" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/treatment/by-stage" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/tratamiento/segun-estadio">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Diversion" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-diversion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/derivacion-urinaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urine - bloody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/urography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/urography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urostomy - stoma and skin care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bladder Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bladder Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/about/what-is-bladder-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vejiga/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-vejiga.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many conditions can affect your bladder and put you at risk for bladder diseases. Read about some of the common bladder pains which includes Cystitis" title="Bladder Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164" language="English" date-created="01/22/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The bladder is a hollow organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Many conditions can affect your bladder. Some common ones are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cystitis - inflammation of the bladder, often from an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Urinary incontinence&lt;/a&gt; - loss of bladder control&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html"&gt;Overactive bladder&lt;/a&gt; - a condition in which the bladder squeezes urine out at the wrong time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html"&gt;Interstitial cystitis&lt;/a&gt; - a chronic problem that causes bladder pain and frequent, urgent urination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html"&gt;Bladder cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose bladder diseases using different tests. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html"&gt;urine tests&lt;/a&gt;, x-rays, and an examination of the bladder wall with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. It may include medicines and, in severe cases, surgery. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la vejiga</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001745">Urinary Bladder Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html" id="163">Bladder Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1274">Interstitial Cystitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html" id="6132">Overactive Bladder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="1677">Pelvic Floor Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ureteraldisorders.html" id="5350">Ureteral Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html" id="5352">Urethral Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html" id="114">Urinary Incontinence</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html" id="448">Urinary Tract Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html" id="4889">Urine and Urination</related-topic>
<see-reference>Neurogenic Bladder</see-reference>
<site title="Bladder biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003902.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder exstrophy repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002997.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002997.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder outlet obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002238.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Causes in Men?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/expert-answers/bladder-outlet-obstruction/FAQ-20058537?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/expert-answers/bladder-outlet-obstruction/faq-20058537?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder stones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001275.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<site title="Cystoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm">
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<site title="Urinary Diversion" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-diversion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/derivacion-urinaria">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Bleeding is the loss of blood, inside or outside the body. A hemorrhage is severe bleeding. Learn about the causes of bleeding and how to treat it." title="Bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html" id="6039" language="English" date-created="07/17/2012">
<also-called>Hematoma</also-called>
<also-called>Hemorrhage</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bleeding is the loss of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt;. It can be external, or outside the body, like when you get a cut or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;wound&lt;/a&gt;. It can also be internal, or inside the body, like when you have an injury to an internal organ.  Some bleeding, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;gastrointestinal bleeding&lt;/a&gt;, coughing up blood, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;vaginal bleeding&lt;/a&gt;, can be a symptom of a disease.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Normally, when you are injured and start bleeding, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; forms to stop the bleeding quickly. Afterwards, the clot dissolves naturally. To be able to make a clot, your blood needs blood proteins called clotting factors and a type of blood cell called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;platelets&lt;/a&gt;. Some people have a problem with clotting, due to another medical condition or an inherited disease. There are two types of problems:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your blood may not form clots normally, known as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;bleeding disorder&lt;/a&gt;. This happens when your body does not make enough platelets or clotting factors, or they don't work the way they should.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Your blood may make too many clots, or the clots may not dissolve properly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes bleeding can cause other problems. A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruise&lt;/a&gt; is bleeding under the skin. Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;strokes&lt;/a&gt; are caused by bleeding in the brain. Severe bleeding may require &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html"&gt;first aid&lt;/a&gt; or a trip to the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;emergency room&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html" id="6040" language="Spanish">Hemorragia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006470">Hemorrhage</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html" id="166">Bleeding Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html" id="3646">Blood Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1308">Gastrointestinal Bleeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html" id="5218">Platelet Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4875">Vaginal Bleeding</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hematoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hemorrhage</see-reference>
<site title="About Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/es/about/acerca-de-los-sangrados-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-k.html">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Anemia Due to Excessive Bleeding" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/anemia-due-to-excessive-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/anemia/anemia-debida-a-un-sangrado-excesivo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000045.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bleeding during cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Bleeding gums" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003062.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding into the skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003235.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood clotting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Blood in the semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003163.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Blood in the Urine (Hematuria) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Test: Factor VIII Activity" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-factor8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-factor8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hematoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hematoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhage" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemorrhage%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="With bleeding disorders, there is a problem with blood clotting. It may be hard to stop the bleeding. Read about bleeding disorders and treatments." title="Bleeding Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html" id="166" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<also-called>Clotting disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Normally, if you get hurt, your body forms a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; to stop the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;. For blood to clot, your body needs cells called platelets and proteins known as clotting factors. If 
you have a bleeding disorder, you either do not have enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;platelets&lt;/a&gt; or clotting factors 
or they don't work the way they should. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bleeding disorders can be the result of other diseases, such as severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver disease&lt;/a&gt; or a lack of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html"&gt;vitamin K&lt;/a&gt;. They can also be inherited. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html"&gt;Hemophilia&lt;/a&gt; is an inherited bleeding disorder. Bleeding disorders can also be a side effect of medicines such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Various blood tests can check for a bleeding disorder. You will also have a physical exam and history. Treatments depend on the cause. They may include medicines and transfusions of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt;, platelets, or clotting factor.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html" id="2231" language="Spanish">Problemas de coagulación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001778">Blood Coagulation Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html" id="6039">Bleeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html" id="6037">Blood</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076">Blood Clots</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" id="4861">Blood Thinners</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html" id="3115">Hemophilia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Coagulation Disorders</see-reference>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Bleeding time" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003656.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003653.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prekallikrein deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prekallikrein-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protein electrophoresis - serum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000549.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000549.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prothrombin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin time (PT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003652.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prothrombin-time-test-and-inr-ptinr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiempo-de-protrombina-e-inr-tpinr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Blood+Coagulation+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rare Clotting Factor Deficiencies" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/rare-clotting-factor-deficiencies/" language-mapped-url="https://elearning.wfh.org/es/centros-de-aprendizaje/deficiencias-poco-comunes-de-factores-de-la-coagulacion/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Federation of Hemophilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Bleeding Disorders in Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/es/signs-symptoms/signos-y-sintomas-de-los-trastornos-hemorragicos-en-las-mujeres.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stormorken syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stormorken-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/thrombocytopenia-absent-radius-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007320.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Blood Clotting Disorders?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/clotting-disorders">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Where to Donate Blood" url="https://www.aabb.org/for-donors-patients/give-blood">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Association for the Advancement of Blood &amp; Biotherapies</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wiskott-aldrich-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Blisters are fluid-filled sacs on the outer layer of your skin. They form because of rubbing, heat, or skin diseases. Learn about how to prevent them." title="Blisters" url="https://medlineplus.gov/blisters.html" id="6419" language="English" date-created="11/15/2016">
<also-called>Bulla</also-called>
<also-called>Vesicle</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are blisters?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blisters are fluid-filled sacs on the outer layer of your skin. They form because of rubbing, heat, or diseases of the skin. They are most common on your hands and feet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other names for blisters are vesicles (usually for smaller blisters) and bulla (for larger blisters).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes blisters?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blisters often happen when there is friction - rubbing or pressure - on one spot. For example, if your shoes don't fit quite right and they keep rubbing part of your foot. Or if you don't wear gloves when you rake leaves and the handle keeps rubbing against your hand. Other causes of blisters include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;Burns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;Sunburn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html"&gt;Frostbite&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;Eczema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;Allergic reactions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html"&gt;Poison ivy, oak, and sumac&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Autoimmune diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pemphigus.html"&gt;pemphigus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Epidermolysis bullosa, an illness that causes the skin to be fragile&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viral infections such as varicella zoster (which causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html"&gt;chickenpox&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html"&gt;shingles&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simplex&lt;/a&gt; (which causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html"&gt;cold sores&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html"&gt;Skin infections&lt;/a&gt; including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html"&gt;impetigo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for blisters?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blisters will usually heal on their own. The skin over the blister helps keep out infections. You can put a bandage on the blister to keep it clean.  Make sure that there is no more rubbing or friction on the blister.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should contact your health care provider if:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The blister looks infected - if it is draining pus, or the area around the blister is red, swollen, warm, or very painful&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have a fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have several blisters, especially if you cannot figure out what is causing them&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have health problems such as circulation problems or diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normally you don't want to drain a blister, because of the risk of infection. But if a blister is large, painful, or looks like it will pop on its own, you can drain the fluid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can blisters be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are some things you can do to prevent friction blisters:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that your shoes fit properly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Always wear socks with your shoes, and make sure that the socks fit well. You may want to wear socks that are acrylic or nylon, so they keep moisture away from your feet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear gloves or protective gear on your hands when you use any tools or sports equipment that cause friction.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blisters.html" id="6420" language="Spanish">Ampollas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001768">Blister</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blisters.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="Blisters, Calluses, and Corns" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blisters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blisters.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blisters, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-blisters?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blisters: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/ART-20056691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blister" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blister%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How To Prevent and Treat Blisters" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/burns/prevent-treat-blisters?NoAds">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blisters" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(blister[mh])+AND+humans[mh]+AND+english[la]+AND+(jsubsetk[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt]+OR+comment[pt])+AND+%22last+3+Years%22[edat]">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vesicles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003939.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Blood has many functions in your body. Blood tests help doctors check for certain diseases and conditions. Learn about blood types and blood tests." title="Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html" id="6037" language="English" date-created="07/17/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your blood is made up of liquid and solids. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts, and protein. Over half of your blood is plasma. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Red blood cells (RBC) deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs. White blood cells (WBC) fight infection and are part of your immune system. Platelets help blood to clot when you have a cut or wound. Bone marrow, the spongy material inside your bones, makes new blood cells. Blood cells constantly die and your body makes new ones. Red blood cells live about 120 days, and platelets live about 6 days. Some white blood cells live less than a day, but others live much longer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Also, blood is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. So if you have type A blood, it's either A positive or A negative. Which type you are is important if you need a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood transfusion&lt;/a&gt;. And your Rh factor could be important if you become pregnant - an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html"&gt;incompatibility&lt;/a&gt; between your type and the baby's could create problems. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blood tests such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html"&gt;blood count tests&lt;/a&gt; help doctors check for certain diseases and conditions. They also help check the function of your organs and show how well treatments are working. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html"&gt;Problems with your blood&lt;/a&gt; may include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;bleeding disorders&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;excessive clotting&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;platelet disorders&lt;/a&gt;. If you lose too much blood, you may need a transfusion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html" id="6038" language="Spanish">Sangre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001769">Blood</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html" id="6039">Bleeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html" id="166">Bleeding Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076">Blood Clots</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" id="6351">Blood Count Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html" id="3646">Blood Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1211">Blood Transfusion and Donation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html" id="5218">Platelet Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html" id="5901">Rh Incompatibility</related-topic>
<see-reference>ABO Blood Groups</see-reference>
<see-reference>Blood Cells</see-reference>
<site title="Arterial stick" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003422.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beyond Basic Blood Tests: A Window Into Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biology of Blood" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/biology-of-blood/overview-of-blood" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/biolog%C3%ADa-de-la-sangre/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-sangre">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blood.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Basics" url="https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Hematology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Donation FAQs" url="https://americasblood.org/for-donors/blood-donation-faqs/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>America's Blood Centers</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Types" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/blood-types.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blood-types.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Types (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-types.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood typing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003345.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capillary sample" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003427.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blood Cells" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blood+Cells%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cord blood testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003403.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cord Blood Testing and Banking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cord-blood-testing-and-banking/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-y-bancos-de-sangre-del-cordon-umbilical/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diversity in Blood Types" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types/diversity.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts About Blood and Blood Types" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types.html?icid=rdrt-blood-types&amp;imed=direct&amp;isource=drupal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Hematologist" url="https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/find-a-hematologist">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Hematology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematology Glossary" url="https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics/hematology-glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Hematology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Play the Blood Typing Game" url="https://educationalgames.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/index.php">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Nobel Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Blood%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Red blood cell production" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000104.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Venipuncture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003423.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know About Blood Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's Blood?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blood.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your blood forms clots to stop bleeding. Some people get too many clots or their blood clots abnormally. Learn about the causes and treatments." title="Blood Clots" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076" language="English" date-created="12/05/2012">
<also-called>Hypercoagulability</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a blood clot?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A blood clot is a mass of blood that forms when &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;platelets&lt;/a&gt;, proteins, and cells in the blood stick together. When you get hurt, your body forms a blood clot to stop the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;.  After the bleeding stops and healing takes place, your body usually breaks down and removes the blood clot. But sometimes the blood clots form where they shouldn't, your body makes too many blood clots or abnormal blood clots, or the blood clots don't break down like they should. These blood clots can be dangerous and may cause other health problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Blood clots can form in, or travel to, the blood vessels in the limbs, lungs, brain, heart, and kidneys. The types of problems blood clots can cause will depend on where they are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html"&gt;Deep vein thrombosis&lt;/a&gt; (DVT) is a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. It can block a vein and cause damage to your leg.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;pulmonary embolism&lt;/a&gt; (PE) can happen when a DVT breaks off and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. A PE, especially if it is large, can damage your lungs and prevent your other organs from getting enough oxygen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare blood clot in the venous sinuses in your brain. Normally the venous sinuses drain blood from your brain. CVST blocks the blood from draining and can cause a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;hemorrhagic stroke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood clots in other parts of the body can cause problems such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;ischemic stroke&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney problems&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy-related problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop blood clots?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors can raise your risk of developing blood clots:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;Atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;Atrial fibrillation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer and cancer treatments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain surgeries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of blood clots&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overweight and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html"&gt;giving birth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some medicines, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control pills&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying in one position for a long time, such as being in the hospital or taking a long car or plane ride&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
    
&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of blood clots?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms for blood clots can be different, depending on where the blood clot is:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;In the abdomen: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In an arm or leg: Sudden or gradual pain, swelling, tenderness, and warmth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the lungs: Shortness of breath, pain with deep breathing, rapid breathing, and increased heart rate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the brain: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble speaking&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vision problems&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;seizures&lt;/a&gt;, weakness on one side of the body, and sudden severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the heart: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;, sweating, shortness of breath, and pain in the left arm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
    
&lt;h3&gt;How are blood clots diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have one or more blood clots, your health care provider: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order blood tests, including a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/d-dimer-test/"&gt;D-dimer test&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as
    &lt;ul&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;Ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;X-rays&lt;/a&gt; of the veins (venography) or blood vessels (angiography) that are taken after you get an injection of special dye. The dye shows up on the x-ray and allows the provider to see how the blood flows.&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT Scan&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;        
&lt;/ul&gt;
    
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for blood clots?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for blood clots depend on where the blood clot is located and how severe it is. Treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other medicines, including thrombolytics. Thrombolytics are medicines that dissolve blood clots. They are usually used where the blood clots are severe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery and other procedures to remove the blood clots&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
    
&lt;h3&gt;Can blood clots be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to help prevent blood clots by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;Moving around as soon as possible after having been confined to your bed, such as after surgery, illness, or injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting up and moving around every few hours when you have to sit for long periods of time, for example if you are on a long flight or car trip&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing compression stockings after surgery or during a long flight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying at a healthy weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people at high risk may need to take blood thinners to prevent blood clots.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="1683">Deep Vein Thrombosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html" id="5218">Platelet Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="377">Pulmonary Embolism</related-topic>
<see-reference>Thrombophlebitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venous Thrombosis</see-reference>
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<site title="Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST)" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/cerebral-venous-sinus-thrombosis">
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<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Protein C blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003659.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein C deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/protein-c-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protein S blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003660.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein S deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/protein-s-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin thrombophilia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prothrombin-thrombophilia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin time (PT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003652.htm">
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</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Clots" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thrombosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renal vein thrombosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000513.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stop the Clot, Spread the Word® Campaign Resources" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/stoptheclotspreadtheword/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Superficial thrombophlebitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000199.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrombophlebitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thrombophlebitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354607?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thrombophlebitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354607?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrombophlebitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001108.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001108.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/purpura-trombotica-trombocitopenica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understand Your Risk for Excessive Blood Clotting" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism/understand-your-risk-for-excessive-blood-clotting">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Risk for Blood Clots with Travel" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/risk-factors/travel.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/dvt/travel.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Blood count tests help doctors check for certain diseases and conditions. Learn about blood count tests, like the complete blood count (CBC)." title="Blood Count Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" id="6351" language="English" date-created="05/05/2016">
<also-called>CBC</also-called>
<also-called>Complete Blood Count</also-called>
<also-called>Hematologic Tests</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; contains red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets. Blood count tests measure the number and types of cells in your blood. This helps doctors check on your overall health. The tests can also help to diagnose diseases and conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, infections, clotting problems, blood cancers, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system disorders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Specific types include tests for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RBC - the numbers, size, and types of RBC in the blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;WBC - the numbers and types of WBC in the blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Platelets - the numbers and size of the platelets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemoglobin - an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hematocrit - how much space red blood cells take up in your blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reticulocyte count - how many young red blood cells are in your blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) - the average size of your red blood cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The complete blood count (CBC) includes most or all of these. The CBC is one of the most common blood tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" id="6352" language="Spanish">Análisis de sangre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001772">Blood Cell Count</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bloodcounttests.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html" id="166">Bleeding Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html" id="6037">Blood</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/laboratorytests.html" id="210">Laboratory Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Cells</see-reference>
<see-reference>Blood Tests</see-reference>
<site title="Blood Differential" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-differential/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/formula-leucocitaria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood differential test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003657.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003665.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CBC blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003642.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blood Cells" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blood+Cells%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hematologic Tests" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hematologic+Tests%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complete Blood Count (CBC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complete Blood Count (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest4.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest4.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complete blood count - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100152_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100152_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematocrit" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003646.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematocrit Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hematocrit-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hematocrito/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003645.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003645.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin derivatives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003371.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin Electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003639.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-hemoglobina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Red Blood Cell Count" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/high-red-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/SYM-20050858?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/high-red-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/sym-20050858?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low White Blood Cell Count" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/SYM-20050615?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/sym-20050615?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low white blood cell count and cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000675.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mcv-mean-corpuscular-volume/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-vcm/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MPV Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mpv-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-vpm/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of White Blood Cell Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/white-blood-cell-disorders/overview-of-white-blood-cell-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Platelet count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003647.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Platelet Disorders: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Platelet Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/platelet-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-plaquetas/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Count Tests" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Blood+Cell+Count%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RBC count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003644.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="RBC indices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003648.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="RDW Red Cell Distribution Width" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rdw-red-cell-distribution-width/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/amplitud-de-distribucion-eritrocitaria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-rbc-count/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-globulos-rojos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Red Blood Cell (RBC) Indices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-rbc-indices/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/indices-de-globulos-rojos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reticulocyte Count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/reticulocyte-count/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-reticulocitos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reticulocyte count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003637.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serum free hemoglobin test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003677.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003677.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Blood Counts" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests/understanding-blood-counts">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="WBC count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003643.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know About Blood Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="White Blood Count (WBC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-count-wbc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-globulos-blancos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Blood disorders affect one or more parts of the blood and prevent your blood from doing its job. Find out about the types, causes, and treatments." title="Blood Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html" id="3646" language="English" date-created="11/18/2003">
<also-called>Hematologic diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; is living tissue made up of liquid and solids. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts and protein. Over half of your blood is plasma. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blood disorders affect one or more parts of the blood and prevent your blood from doing its job.  They can be acute or chronic. Many blood disorders are inherited. Other causes include other diseases, side effects of medicines, and a lack of certain nutrients in your diet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Types of blood disorders include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Platelet disorders&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;excessive clotting&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;bleeding problems&lt;/a&gt;, which affect how your blood clots&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;, which happens when your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancers of the blood, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;leukemia&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html"&gt;myeloma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicdisorders.html"&gt;Eosinophilic disorders&lt;/a&gt;, which are problems with one type of white blood cell.&lt;/li&gt;
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<health-topic meta-desc="Your body processes the food you eat into glucose. Your blood carries glucose (blood sugar) to all of your body's cells to use for energy. Learn more." title="Blood Glucose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121" language="English" date-created="04/08/2013">
<also-called>Blood sugar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is blood glucose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Blood glucose, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which your blood glucose levels are too high. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;health problems&lt;/a&gt; (diabetes complications). So if you have diabetes, it's important to keep your blood glucose levels within your target range.What are blood glucose targets?
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, your blood glucose target is the range you try to reach as much as possible. The typical targets are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Before a meal: 80 to 130 mg/dL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two hours after the start of a meal: Less than 180 mg/dL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your blood glucose targets may be different, depending on your age, any additional health problems you have, and other factors. Talk with your health care team  about the best target range for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When and how should I check my blood glucose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, you'll likely need to check your blood glucose every day to make sure that your blood glucose numbers are in your target range. Some people may need to check their blood glucose several times a day. Ask your health care team how often you need to check it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common way to check your blood glucose level at home is with a blood glucose meter. A blood glucose meter measures the amount of glucose in a small sample of blood, usually from your fingertip.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is another way to check your glucose levels. Most CGM systems use a tiny sensor that is inserted under your skin. The sensor measures your glucose level every few minutes. It can show changes in your glucose level throughout the day and night. A CGM system is especially useful for people who take insulin and have problems with low blood glucose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider will also check your blood glucose with a blood test called an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html"&gt;A1C&lt;/a&gt;.  It checks your average blood glucose level over the past three months. People with diabetes usually have an A1C test at least twice a year. But you may need the test more often if you aren't meeting your diabetes treatment goals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens if my blood glucose level becomes too high?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;High blood glucose is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html"&gt;hyperglycemia&lt;/a&gt;. Symptoms that your blood glucose levels may be too high include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling thirsty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling tired or weak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urinating (peeing) often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurred vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you often have high blood glucose levels or symptoms of high blood glucose, talk with your health care team. You may need a change in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;diabetes meal plan&lt;/a&gt;, physical activity plan, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;diabetes medicines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;High blood glucose may also be caused by other conditions that can affect insulin or glucose levels in your blood. These conditions include problems with your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html"&gt;pancreas&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html"&gt;adrenal glands&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens if my blood glucose level becomes low for me?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html"&gt;Hypoglycemia&lt;/a&gt;, also called low blood glucose, happens when your blood glucose level drops below what is healthy for you. For many people with diabetes, this means a blood glucose reading lower than 70 mg/dL. Your number might be different, so check with your health care team to find out what blood glucose level is low for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of low blood glucose tend to come on quickly. The symptoms can be different for everyone, but they may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shaking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sweating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nervousness or anxiety&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability or confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hunger&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Low blood glucose levels can be common in people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt; and people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt; who take certain diabetes medicines. If you think you may have low blood glucose, check your level, even if you don't have symptoms. Low blood glucose can be dangerous and should be treated as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although it's rare, you can still get low blood glucose without having diabetes. The causes can include conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormone&lt;/a&gt; deficiencies (lack of certain hormones). Some medicines, such as certain heart medicines and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, can also cause it. See your provider to find out the cause of your low blood glucose and how to treat it.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<see-reference>Blood Sugar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glucose</see-reference>
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<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
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<organization>Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type A insulin resistance syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-a-insulin-resistance-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding A1C" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/a1c">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Glucose Meter" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/your-glucose-meter" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/su-medidor-de-glucosa-your-glucose-meter">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If lifestyle changes do not help to control or lower high blood pressure (hypertension), your health care provider may prescribe blood pressure medicines." title="Blood Pressure Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4939" language="English" date-created="03/03/2009">
<also-called>Antihypertensive medicines</also-called>
<also-called>High blood pressure medicines</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is high blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, also called hypertension, is when blood puts too much pressure against the walls of your arteries. Almost half of American adults have high blood pressure, usually with no symptoms. But it can cause serious problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What lifestyle changes can help lower high blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;Healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt; can help reduce high blood pressure:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Losing weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Being physically active&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt; in your diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;tobacco&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;illegal drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough sleep&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What if lifestyle changes alone cannot lower blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes lifestyle changes alone cannot control or lower your high blood pressure. In that case, your health care provider may prescribe blood pressure medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do blood pressure medicines work?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most commonly used blood pressure medicines work in different ways to lower blood pressure:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)&lt;/strong&gt; keep your blood vessels from narrowing as much and allows blood to move through them with less pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Beta blockers&lt;/strong&gt; help your heart beat slower and with less force. This means that your heart pumps less blood through your blood vessels. Beta blockers are typically used only as a backup option or if you also have certain other conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Calcium channel blockers&lt;/strong&gt; prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells of your heart and blood vessels. This allows the blood vessels to relax.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diuretics&lt;/strong&gt; remove extra water and sodium (salt) from your body. This lowers the amount of fluid in your blood. Diuretics are often used with other high blood pressure medicines, sometimes in one combined pill.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Often, two or more medicines work better than one. If these medicines do not lower your blood pressure enough, your provider may suggest that you take another type of blood pressure medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;While taking the medicines, it is still important to keep up with your healthy lifestyle changes. Doing both helps keep blood pressure lower than lifestyle changes or medicines alone.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4940" language="Spanish">Medicinas para la presión arterial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000959">Antihypertensive Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html" id="34">High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Antihypertensive Medicines</see-reference>
<see-reference>High Blood Pressure Medicines</see-reference>
<site title="ACE inhibitors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha Blockers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/alpha-blockers/ART-20044214?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/alpha-blockers/art-20044214?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/angiotensin-II-receptor-blockers/ART-20045009?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/angiotensin-ii-receptor-blockers/art-20045009?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/ace-inhibitors/ART-20047480?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/ace-inhibitors/art-20047480?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beta Blockers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/beta-blockers/ART-20044522?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/beta-blockers/art-20044522?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beta Blockers: Do They Cause Weight Gain?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/FAQ-20058385?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/faq-20058385?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beta-blockers overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002578.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure Medication: Still Necessary if I Lose Weight?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medication/FAQ-20058056?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medication/faq-20058056?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure Medications: Can They Raise My Triglycerides?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medications/FAQ-20057975?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medications/faq-20057975?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Channel Blockers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/ART-20047605?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/art-20047605?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Supplements: Do They Interfere with Blood Pressure Drugs?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058266?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058266?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium-channel blocker overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002580.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central-Acting Agents" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/ART-20044451?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/art-20044451?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing Blood Pressure Medications" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/ART-20046280?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/art-20046280?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Antihypertensive Agents" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Antihypertensive+Agents%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diuretics" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/diuretics/ART-20048129?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/diuretics/art-20048129?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuretics and Gout: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/FAQ-20058146?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/faq-20058146?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuretics: A Cause of Low Potassium?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058432?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058432?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herbal Supplements and Heart Medicines May Not Mix" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="High blood pressure medications" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007484.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Beta Blocker Drugs Affect Exercise?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/medication-information/how-do-beta-blocker-drugs-affect-exercise">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypertension: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypertension">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing High Blood Pressure Medications" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/managing-high-blood-pressure-medications">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure Medicines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antihypertensive+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Thiazide overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002577.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Blood Pressure Medications" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/types-of-blood-pressure-medications">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasodilators" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/ART-20048154?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/art-20048154?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is High Blood Pressure Medicine?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-hbp-medicine.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs are blood thinners. They reduce risk of heart attacks and help keep blood clots from forming. Learn more." title="Blood Thinners" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" id="4861" language="English" date-created="10/15/2008">
<also-called>Anti-platelet drugs</also-called>
<also-called>Anticoagulants</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are blood thinners?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Blood thinners are medicines that prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt; from forming. They do not break up clots that you already have. But they can stop those clots from getting bigger. It's important to treat blood clots, because clots in your blood vessels and heart can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attacks&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;strokes&lt;/a&gt;, and blockages. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs blood thinners?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may need a blood thinner if you have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;blood vessel&lt;/a&gt; diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An abnormal heart rhythm called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;atrial fibrillation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;heart valve&lt;/a&gt; replacement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A risk of blood clots after surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of blood thinners?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of blood thinners:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anticoagulants,&lt;/strong&gt; such as heparin or warfarin (also called Coumadin), slow down your body's process of making clots.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antiplatelets,&lt;/strong&gt; such as aspirin and clopidogrel, prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot. Antiplatelets are mainly taken by people who have had a heart attack or stroke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I take blood thinners safely?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you take a blood thinner, follow the directions carefully. Blood thinners may interact with certain foods, medicines, vitamins, and alcohol. Make sure that your health care provider knows all of the medicines and supplements you are using.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need regular blood tests to check how well your blood is clotting. It is important to make sure that you're taking enough medicine to prevent clots, but not so much that it causes bleeding.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;h3&gt;What are the side effects of blood thinners?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;Bleeding&lt;/a&gt; is the most common side effect of blood thinners. They can also cause an upset stomach, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. 

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Other possible side effects can depend on which type of blood thinner that you are taking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Call your provider if you have any sign of serious bleeding, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menstrual bleeding that is much heavier than normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red or brown urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bowel movements that are red or black&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding from the gums or nose that does not stop quickly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomit that is brown or bright red&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing up something red&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe pain, such as a headache or stomachache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unusual bruising&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A cut that does not stop bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A serious fall or bump on the head&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dizziness or weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" id="4862" language="Spanish">Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006493">Heparin</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014859">Warfarin</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010975">Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000925">Anticoagulants</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076">Blood Clots</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anti-platelet drugs</see-reference>
<see-reference>Anticoagulants</see-reference>
<site title="Anticoagulants" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anticoagulants/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antitromboticos/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulants and Drug-Food Interactions" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/cardiology/anticoagulants-and-drug-food-interactions?modal=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulation (Blood Thinners) and Congenital Heart Defects" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/care-and-treatment-for-congenital-heart-defects/anticoagulation-and-congenital-heart-defects">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiplatelet drugs - P2Y12 inhibitors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000100.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiplatelet Therapy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiplatelet-therapy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/terapia-antiplaquetaria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspirin and heart disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000092.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Thinner Pills: Your Guide to Using Them Safely" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/btpills/btpills.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/btpills-esp/btpillssp2.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Thinners and Dental Care" url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=126:blood-thinners-and-dental-care&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Oral Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Thinners: Can I Still Get Blood Clots?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/expert-answers/blood-thinners/faq-20058261?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/expert-answers/blood-thinners/faq-20058261?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anticoagulants" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Anticoagulants%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heparin" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Heparin%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Platelet+Aggregation+Inhibitors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Warfarin" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Warfarin%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clopidogrel resistance: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/clopidogrel-resistance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daily Aspirin Therapy: Understand the Benefits and Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/ART-20046797?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/art-20046797?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to give a heparin shot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000661.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication Interactions: Food, Supplements, and Other Drugs" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/medication-information/medication-interactions-food-supplements-and-other-drugs">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prothrombin-time-test-and-inr-ptinr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiempo-de-protrombina-e-inr-tpinr/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Thinners" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anticoagulants%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Platelet+Aggregation+Inhibitors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Heparin%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Warfarin%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking warfarin (Coumadin)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000292.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000255.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Warfarin sensitivity: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/warfarin-sensitivity">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Warfarin Side Effects: Watch for Interactions" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/in-depth/warfarin-side-effects/ART-20047592?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/in-depth/warfarin-side-effects/art-20047592?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-are-anticoagulants-and-antiplatelet-agents.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://es.heart.org/dheart/HEARTORG/Conditions/What-Are-Anticoagulants-and-Antiplatelet-Agents_UCM_430954_Article.jsp#.V17Sr5MrJo4">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Get information on blood donation, the blood donation process, and blood transfusion." title="Blood Transfusion and Donation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1211" language="English" date-created="03/13/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every year, millions of people in the United States receive life-saving blood transfusions.  During a transfusion, you receive whole blood or parts of blood such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Red blood cells - cells that carry oxygen to and from tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Platelets - cells that form clots to control bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Plasma - the liquid part of the blood that helps clotting. You may need it if you have been badly burned, have liver failure or a severe infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most blood transfusions go very smoothly.  Some infectious agents, such as HIV, can survive in blood and infect the person receiving the blood transfusion. To keep blood safe, blood banks carefully screen donated blood. The risk of catching a virus from a blood transfusion is low.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it is possible to have a transfusion of your own blood. During surgery, you may need a blood transfusion because of blood loss. If you are having a surgery that you're able to schedule months in advance, your doctor may ask whether you would like to use your own blood, instead of donated blood. If so, you will need to have blood drawn one or more times before the surgery. A blood bank will store your blood for your use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1778" language="Spanish">Transfusión y donación de sangre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001803">Blood Transfusion</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058731">Blood Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001782">Blood Donors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065227">Transfusion Reaction</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html" id="3646">Blood Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html" id="615">Organ Donation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html" id="1395">Stem Cells</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Donation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Transfusion</see-reference>
<site title="ABO incompatibility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001306.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001306.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Blood Donation" url="https://www.aabb.org/for-donors-patients/about-blood-donation">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Association for the Advancement of Blood &amp; Biotherapies</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Donation" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/blood-donation/about/pac-20385144?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/blood-donation/about/pac-20385144?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood donation before surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Donation FAQs" url="https://americasblood.org/for-donors/blood-donation-faqs/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>America's Blood Centers</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Donation Process" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-donation-process/donation-process-overview.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/espanol/donating-blood/donation-process">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Facts and Statistics" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/how-blood-donations-help/blood-needs-blood-supply.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Transfusion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/blood-transfusion/about/pac-20385168?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Transfusion" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/blood-transfusion">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood transfusions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000431.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Transfusions (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/transfusions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/transfusions.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blood Donors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blood+Donors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blood Transfusion" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=blood+transfusion&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Transfusion Reaction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Transfusion+Reaction%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diversity in Blood Types" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types/diversity.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eligibility Requirements" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/eligibility-requirements.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002923.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts About Blood and Blood Types" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types.html?icid=rdrt-blood-types&amp;imed=direct&amp;isource=drupal">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Have You Given Blood Lately?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/have-you-given-blood-lately" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/ha-donado-sangre-ultimamente">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemolytic transfusion reaction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001303.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How You Can Help Medical Research: Donating Your Blood, Tissue, and Other Samples" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/help-research-donate-tissue" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/como-contribuir-a-la-investigacion-medica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kinds of Blood Product Transfusions" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/blood-transfusion-and-donation/what-are-transfusions.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Precautions and Adverse Reactions during Blood Transfusion" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/blood-transfusion/precautions-and-adverse-reactions-during-blood-transfusion" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/transfusi%C3%B3n-de-sangre/precauciones-y-reacciones-adversas-durante-una-transfusi%C3%B3n-de-sangre">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood transfusion" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Transfusion+Reaction%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Blood+Safety%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Blood+Donors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Blood+Transfusion%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions about Blood" url="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/blood-blood-products/questions-about-blood">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Red Blood Cell Antibody Screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-antibody-screen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-los-globulos-rojos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testing Your Blood" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJJ6ru6EiDs">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>College of American Pathologists</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Where to Donate Blood" url="https://www.aabb.org/for-donors-patients/give-blood">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Association for the Advancement of Blood &amp; Biotherapies</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Todo el mundo puede sufrir boca seca de vez en cuando, pero si es frecuente, puede causar problemas de salud serios. Causas, síntomas, tratamiento." title="Boca seca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html" id="5799" language="Spanish" date-created="04/27/2011">
<also-called>Xerostomía</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la saliva?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La saliva es producida por las glándulas salivales. Ayuda a mantener usted y su boca sanos. Por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Humedece y descompone los alimentos que consume, lo que le facilita masticar y tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Elimina pequeños trozos de comida de los dientes y las encías, lo que ayuda a combatir las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html"&gt;caries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contiene minerales como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y fosfato, que también pueden ayudar a combatir las caries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contiene anticuerpos que pueden luchar contra las infecciones de la boca y la garganta. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que produce el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; para combatir sustancias extrañas como virus y bacterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la boca seca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tener la boca seca, o xerostomía, significa que no tiene suficiente saliva para mantener la boca húmeda. Todas las personas tienen la boca seca de vez en cuando, como cuando están nerviosas o estresadas. Pero si tiene la boca seca todo o la mayor parte del tiempo, puede resultar incómodo. Puede hacer difícil masticar, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;tragar&lt;/a&gt; e incluso hablar. También aumenta el riesgo de sufrir caries o infecciones en la boca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la boca seca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas causas posibles de sequedad bucal, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;Efectos secundarios de ciertos medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, como algunas medicinas para la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;hipertensión&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y los problemas de control de la vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedades&lt;/strong&gt; como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Sjögren&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html"&gt;trastornos de las glándulas salivales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, que puede dañar las glándulas salivales si se exponen a la radiación durante el tratamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, que puede hacer que la saliva se vuelva más espesa y provocar sequedad en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Daño a los nervios&lt;/strong&gt;, cuando afecta a los nervios que indican a las glándulas salivales producir saliva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Respirar por la boca&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consumo de alcohol, tabaco u otras sustancias&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la boca seca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la boca seca pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación pegajosa y seca en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para masticar, tragar, saborear o hablar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de ardor en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de sequedad en la garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Labios partidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lengua seca y áspera&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Úlceras de boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infección bucal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html"&gt;Mal aliento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de la sequedad bucal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene boca seca, es importante encontrar la causa. Para ello, su profesional de la salud o dentista revisará su historia clínica, examinará su boca y preguntará sobre los medicamentos que toma. También pueden solicitar análisis de sangre o una prueba que mida la cantidad de saliva que produce.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la boca seca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la boca seca depende de la causa. Por ejemplo, si un medicamento causa sequedad en la boca, su proveedor o dentista puede sugerir ajustar la dosis o cambiar de medicamento. En algunos casos, es posible que le administren saliva artificial o un medicamento para ayudar a que sus glándulas salivales funcionen mejor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También hay varias cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a aliviar sus síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber abundante agua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar bebidas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;, que pueden resecar la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Masticar chicle sin azúcar o chupar caramelos duros sin azúcar para estimular el flujo de saliva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar los alimentos picantes o salados porque pueden causar dolor si tiene la boca seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el alcohol y el tabaco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar un humidificador por la noche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar un enjuague bucal hecho para la boca seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dado que la boca seca puede aumentar el riesgo de caries, es importante cepillarse los dientes y usar hilo dental con regularidad y visitar a su dentista al menos dos veces al año.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html" id="5798" language="English">Dry Mouth</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="2132">Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="2148">Síndrome de Sjögren</related-topic>
<see-reference>Xerostomía</see-reference>
<site title="Boca seca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007760.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca seca" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/dry_mouth_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boca seca" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-boca-seca" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/dry-mouth">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boca seca y las personas mayores: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/dry-mouth-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/dry-mouth-and-older-adults.pdf">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boca seca: Preguntas y respuestas" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/la-boca-seca-preguntas-y-respuestas.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/Dry-Mouth-Q%26A.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cinco preguntas comunes sobre la boca seca" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cinco-preguntas-comunes-sobre-la-boca-seca" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-common-questions-about-dry-mouth">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones orales de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia a la cabeza y el cuello (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los dientes y la boca" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dientes/cuidado-dientes-boca" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/taking-care-your-teeth-and-mouth">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Importancia de la saliva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-sorpresa-que-le-hara-salivar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/spit-happens">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resequedad de la boca o saliva espesa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resequedad en la boca durante el tratamiento para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la sequedad de boca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dry-mouth/expert-answers/dry-mouth/faq-20058424?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-mouth/expert-answers/dry-mouth/faq-20058424?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Body lice are parasitic insects. They spread through physical contact with a person who has body lice or though contact with their clothing. They are most common in homeless people. Find out how to kn" title="Body Lice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html" id="6071" language="English" date-created="10/10/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are body lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Body lice (also called clothes lice) are tiny insects which live and lay nits (lice eggs) on clothing. They are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. They usually only move to the skin to feed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Body lice are one of the three types of lice that live on humans. The other two types are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html"&gt;head lice&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html"&gt;pubic lice&lt;/a&gt;. Each type of lice is different, and getting one type does not mean that you will get another type.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Body lice can spread diseases, such as typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do body lice spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Body lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. One way that they spread is through physical contact with a person who has body lice. They can also spread through contact with clothing, beds, bed linens, or towels that were used by a person with body lice. You cannot get lice from animals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for body lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Body lice is most common in people who cannot bathe and wash their clothes regularly, especially if they live in crowded conditions. In the United States, this is most often &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/homelessnessandhealth.html"&gt;people experiencing homelessness&lt;/a&gt;. In other countries, body lice can also affect refugees and victims of war or natural disasters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of body lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common symptom of body lice is intense &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html"&gt;itching&lt;/a&gt;. There may also be a rash, which is caused by an allergic reaction to the bites. The itching causes some people to scratch until they get sores. Sometimes these sores can become infected with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungi&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If someone has body lice for a long time, the heavily bitten areas of their skin can become thickened and discolored. This is most common around your midsection (waist, groin, and upper thighs).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do you know if you have body lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A diagnosis of body lice usually comes from finding nits and crawling lice in the seams of clothing. Sometimes a body louse can be seen crawling or feeding on the skin. Other times it takes a magnifying lens to see the lice or nits.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for body lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main treatment for body lice is to improve personal hygiene. That means regular showers and washing clothes, bedding, and towels at least once a week. Use hot water to wash the laundry, and dry it using the hot cycle of the dryer. Some people may also need a lice-killing medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html" id="6072" language="Spanish">Piojos del cuerpo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010373">Lice Infestations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010374">Pediculus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Body Lice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/about/body-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/es/about/acerca-de-los-piojos-del-cuerpo.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Lice" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-lice/symptoms-causes/syc-20350310?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/body-lice/symptoms-causes/syc-20350310?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body lice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000838.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lice Infestations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lice+Infestations%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Do you know what the ideal body weight is for your gender and height? Find information and tools to help you learn more about your body weight. " title="Body Weight" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html" id="5610" language="English" date-created="08/24/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; Do you know if your current weight is healthy?  "Underweight", "normal", "overweight", and "&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obese&lt;/a&gt;" are all labels for ranges of weight. Obese and overweight mean that your weight is greater than it should be for your health. Underweight means that it is lower than it should be for your health. Your healthy body weight depends on your sex and height. For children, it also depends on your age.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A sudden, unexpected change in weight can be a sign of a medical problem.  Causes for sudden weight loss can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Thyroid problems&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infectious diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digestive diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sudden weight gain can be due to medicines, thyroid problems, heart failure, and kidney disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Good nutrition and exercise can help in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;losing weight&lt;/a&gt;. Eating extra calories within a well-balanced diet and treating any underlying medical problems can help to add weight.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html" id="5611" language="Spanish">Peso corporal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001835">Body Weight</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001836">Body Weight Changes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bodyweight.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html" id="5461">Malnutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61">Obesity</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html" id="4077">Obesity in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>BMI</see-reference>
<see-reference>Overweight</see-reference>
<see-reference>Underweight</see-reference>
<site title="About Body Mass Index (BMI)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants and Weight Gain: What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/FAQ-20058127?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/faq-20058127?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/risk.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beta Blockers: Do They Cause Weight Gain?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/FAQ-20058385?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/faq-20058385?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Weight: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="BMI Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/faq/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Image and Mental Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health/body-image">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body mass index" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007196.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculate Your Body Mass Index" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Child and Teen BMI Categories" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/bmi-categories.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/acerca_indice_masa_corporal_ninos_adolescentes.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Body Mass Index" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Body+Mass+Index%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Body Weight" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Body+Weight%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Body Weight Changes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Body+Weight+Changes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Obesity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Obesity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thinness" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thinness%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Obesity and Overweight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/obesity-overweight.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth chart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/en-que-consisten-sobrepeso-obesidad-en-adultos/riesgos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Lifestyles for Healthy Older Adults" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/healthy-weights-for-healthy-older-adults">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overweight" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003101.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overweight and Obesity (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/overweight-obesity.html?ref=" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/overweight-obesity.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overweight and Obesity Statistics" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/overweight-obesity">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Body Weight" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Body+Weight%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Body+Weight+Changes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Staying at a Healthy Weight (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/healthy-weight.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid and Weight" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-and-weight/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/tiroides-el-peso/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Maintaining Healthy Weight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/about/tips-for-balancing-food-activity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/calories/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Unexplained Weight Loss" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/SYM-20050700?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/sym-20050700?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight gain - unintentional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003084.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight loss - unintentional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003107.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Being Overweight Means (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/overweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/overweight.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's the Right Weight for My Height? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-height.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-height.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bone cancer comes in three types: Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Learn how bone cancer is diagnosed and treated." title="Bone Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html" id="169" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cancer that starts in a bone is uncommon.  Cancer that has spread to the bone from another part of the body is more common. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of bone cancer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Osteosarcoma - occurs most often between ages 10 and 19. It is more common in the knee and upper arm.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Chondrosarcoma - starts in cartilage, usually after age 40&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Ewing's sarcoma - occurs most often in children and teens under 19. It is more common in boys than girls.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common symptom of bone cancer is pain. Other symptoms vary, depending on the location and size of the cancer. Surgery is often the main treatment for bone cancer. Other treatments may include amputation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Because bone cancer can come back after treatment, regular follow-up visits are important.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html" id="1779" language="Spanish">Cáncer de hueso</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001859">Bone Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonecancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html" id="170">Bone Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ewing's Sarcoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Osteosarcoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sarcoma, Ewing's</see-reference>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Biopsy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonebiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonebiopsy">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Metastasis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-metastasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370191?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bone-metastasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370191?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Scan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Tumor" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bone-tumor/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001230.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer of the Bone and Joint" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/bones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Cancer: Osteosarcoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-osteosarcoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer-osteosarcoma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Chordoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/child-chordoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-cordoma-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chordoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chordoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bone Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bone+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Osteosarcoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Osteosarcoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sarcoma, Ewing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sarcoma,+Ewing's%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Bone Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/bone">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ewing sarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001302.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ewing sarcoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ewing-sarcoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Ewing Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-ewing-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Osteosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS), Formerly Called Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH) of Bone" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-osteosarcoma-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Joint x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Li-Fraumeni syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/li-fraumeni-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Bone Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metastatic Bone Disease" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/metastatic-bone-disease/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteosarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001650.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Bone Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/bone-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/hoja-informativa-hueso">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Bone Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Ewing Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq#_28" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-ewing-pdq#section/_22">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Bone Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/tratamiento/cirugia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Bone Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TP53 Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Ewing Sarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq#_47" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-ewing-pdq#section/_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Osteosarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-osteosarcoma-pdq#section/_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bone Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/about/what-is-bone-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-hueso.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Bone Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bone density or bone mineral density (BMD) is the amount of bone mineral in your bones. A BMD test measures bone health and risk for breaking bones." title="Bone Density" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html" id="5935" language="English" date-created="12/05/2011">
<also-called>Bone mass</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is bone density?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your bones are made of living tissue. To keep them strong, your body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone. But when more bone is broken down than replaced, you lose bone density, also called bone mass. Bone density is a measure of the amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and other minerals in bone. Bones containing more minerals are denser. They tend to be stronger and less likely to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fracture&lt;/a&gt; (break).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Losing bone density can weaken your bones. In some cases, it can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;. This is a disease which can make your bones more likely to break. Low bone density that is not low enough to be osteoporosis is sometimes called osteopenia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can make you lose bone density?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your bones become less dense as you age. Other factors can also make you more likely to lose bone mass, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history of osteoporosis or low bone mass&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not developing good bone mass when you are young&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having certain medical conditions, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;Endocrine diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html"&gt;digestive diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;Rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain types of cancer&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Anorexia nervosa, a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;eating disorder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking certain medicines, such as: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;Corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Proton pump inhibitors (which treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Medicines to treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking tobacco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Long-term heavy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Physical inactivity&lt;/a&gt; or prolonged periods of bedrest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not everyone who has low bone mass gets osteoporosis, but they are at higher risk for developing it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Is there a test to measure your bone health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a hre="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/"&gt;bone density scan&lt;/a&gt; is the best way to measure your bone health. It compares your bone density, or mass, to that of a healthy person who is the same age and sex as you are. It can show:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether you have low bone density&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether you have osteoporosis, a disease that makes your bones weak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your risk for breaking bones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether your osteoporosis treatment is working&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I keep my bones strong?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To help keep your bones strong and help prevent osteoporosis, the best thing to do is to eat a healthy diet rich in calcium and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;. Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;, limiting alcohol, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;not smoking&lt;/a&gt; can also help.  In some cases, your health care provider may prescribe medicines to prevent osteoporosis.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html" id="5936" language="Spanish">Densidad ósea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015519">Bone Density</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html" id="257">Fractures</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html" id="37">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bone Loss</see-reference>
<see-reference>Osteopenia</see-reference>
<site title="Bone Density Scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone mineral density test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007197.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Mineral Density Tests: What the Numbers Mean" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-mineral-density-tests-what-numbers-mean" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/pruebas-de-densidad-mineral-osea-lo-que-significan-los-numeros">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer and Bone Loss" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/breast-cancer-and-bone-loss">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Camurati-Engelmann disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/camurati-engelmann-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bone Density" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bone+Density%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise for Your Bone Health" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/exercise-your-bone-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/haga-ejercicio-para-tener-huesos-sanos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Osteoporosis" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Their Bones" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/la-salud-de-los-huesos-de-los-ninos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low Bone Density" url="https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/patients/diagnosis-information/bone-density-examtesting/low-bone-density/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause and Bone Loss" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause-and-bone-loss">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteopenia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteopenia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia - premature infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007231.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopetrosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteopetrosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteopetrosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/osteoporosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Density" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone+Density%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What causes bone loss?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000506.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Your Osteoporosis Risk?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000506_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000506_61.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bone diseases increase your risk for breaking bones. Learn about different kinds of bone problems and how genetics can play a role." title="Bone Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html" id="170" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your bones help you move, give you shape and support your body. They are living tissues that rebuild constantly throughout your life. During childhood and your teens, your body adds new bone faster than it removes old bone. After about age 20, you can lose bone faster than you make bone. To have strong bones when you are young, and to prevent bone loss when you are older, you need to get enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;, and exercise. You should also avoid smoking and drinking too much alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bone diseases can make bones easy to break. Different kinds of bone problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;Low bone density&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, which make your bones weak and more likely to break &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html"&gt;Osteogenesis imperfecta&lt;/a&gt; makes your bones brittle &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html"&gt;Paget's disease of bone&lt;/a&gt; makes them weak &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bones can also develop &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Other bone diseases, which are caused by poor nutrition, genetics, or problems with the rate of bone growth or rebuilding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html" id="1780" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los huesos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001847">Bone Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonediseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html" id="169">Bone Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html" id="5935">Bone Density</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html" id="5739">Bone Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="940">Osteogenesis Imperfecta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteonecrosis.html" id="1647">Osteonecrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html" id="37">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html" id="1607">Paget's Disease of Bone</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html" id="3898">Rickets</related-topic>
<site title="Acromicric dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/acromicric-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adams-Oliver syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adams-oliver-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the bones - muscles - joints" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004015.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alkaline Phosphatase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ALP - blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003470.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ALP isoenzyme test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Appendicular Skeleton" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/divisions/appendicular.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/asphyxiating-thoracic-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atelosteogenesis type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/atelosteogenesis-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atelosteogenesis type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/atelosteogenesis-type-2">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atelosteogenesis type 3: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/atelosteogenesis-type-3">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Axial Skeleton" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/divisions/axial.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blount Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blount-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blount-disease.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blount disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001584.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone and Joint Problems Associated with Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/ART-20049314?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/art-20049314?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Biopsy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonebiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonebiopsy">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Density Scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Healing" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopetrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteopetrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/otopalatodigital-syndrome-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/otopalatodigital-syndrome-type-2">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/platyspondylic-lethal-skeletal-dysplasia-torrance-type">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/polycystic-lipomembranous-osteodysplasia-with-sclerosing-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potocki-Shaffer syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/potocki-shaffer-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive osseous heteroplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-osseous-heteroplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/proteus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudoachondroplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pseudoachondroplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pseudohypoparathyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000364.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pyle disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pyle-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rhizomelic-chondrodysplasia-punctata">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rothmund-Thomson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rothmund-thomson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Schwartz-Jampel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schwartz-jampel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skeletal limb abnormalities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003170.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="SOST-related sclerosing bone dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sost-related-sclerosing-bone-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondylocarpotarsal-synostosis-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloenchondrodysplasia-with-immune-dysregulation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita (SEDc) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloepiphyseal-dysplasia-congenita">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stuve-wiedemann-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tarsal-carpal-coalition-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tetra-amelia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tetra-amelia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/trichorhinophalangeal-syndrome-type-ii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weyers acrofacial dysostosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/weyers-acrofacial-dysostosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Winchester syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/winchester-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-chondrodysplasia-punctata-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-chondrodysplasia-punctata-2">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-spondyloepiphyseal-dysplasia-tarda">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-ray - skeleton" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Bones" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bones.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bones.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A bone graft is a surgical procedure where bone tissue is transplanted from your body or a donor's. Bone grafts repair diseased bones and bone loss." title="Bone Grafts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonegrafts.html" id="4274" language="English" date-created="01/17/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A bone graft transplants bone tissue. Surgeons use bone grafts to repair and rebuild &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html"&gt;diseased bones&lt;/a&gt; in your hips, knees, spine, and sometimes other bones and joints. Grafts can also repair bone loss caused by some types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones) or cancers. Once your body accepts the bone graft, it provides a framework for growth of new, living bone.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the transplanted bone &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html"&gt;comes from another person&lt;/a&gt;, it is called an allograft. Most allograft bone comes from donors who have died. Tissue banks screen these donors and disinfect and test the donated bone to make sure it is safe to use. If the transplanted bone comes from another part of your own body, it is called an autograft. Autograft bone often comes from your ribs, hips or a leg. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonegrafts.html" id="4275" language="Spanish">Injerto óseo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016025">Bone Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonegrafts.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Bone Transplantation</see-reference>
<site title="Bone graft" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002963.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Graft Alternatives" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Surgical-Options/Bone-Graft-Alternatives">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bone Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Bone+Transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Grafts" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Osteomyelitis is a bone infection. Learn about who is at risk for osteomyelitis and how these bone infections are treated and diagnosed." title="Bone Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html" id="5739" language="English" date-created="12/21/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Like other parts of the body, bones can get infected. The infections are usually bacterial, but can also be fungal. They may spread to the bone from nearby skin or muscles, or from another part of the body through the bloodstream. People who are at risk for bone infections include those with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, poor circulation, or recent injury to the bone. You may also be at risk if you are having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;hemodialysis&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of bone infections include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the infected area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills and fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling, warmth, and redness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blood test or imaging test such as an x-ray can tell if you have a bone infection. Treatment includes antibiotics and often surgery.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html" id="5740" language="Spanish">Infecciones de los huesos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001850">Bone Diseases, Infectious</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html" id="170">Bone Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Osteomyelitis</see-reference>
<site title="Bone lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone pain or tenderness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003180.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Scan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bones, Muscles, and Joints: The Musculoskeletal System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bone Diseases, Infectious" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bone+Diseases,+Infectious%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Osteomyelitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Osteomyelitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disseminated tuberculosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000624.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteomyelitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000437.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomyelitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/osteomyelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/osteomyelitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomyelitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteomyelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteomyelitis.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomyelitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteomyelitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20375913?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomyelitis - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000297.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomyelitis in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007697.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone+Diseases%2C+Infectious%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bone marrow diseases affect your body's ability to make healthy blood cells. Learn the different causes and possible treatments." title="Bone Marrow Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="171" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cells&lt;/a&gt;. The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body, the white blood cells that fight infections, and the platelets that help with blood clotting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With bone marrow disease, there are problems with the stem cells or how they develop:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;leukemia&lt;/a&gt;, a cancer of the blood, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html"&gt;aplastic anemia&lt;/a&gt;, the bone marrow doesn't make red blood cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In myeloproliferative disorders, the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html"&gt;lymphoma&lt;/a&gt;, can spread into the bone marrow and affect the production of blood cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of bone marrow diseases include genetics and environmental factors. Tests for bone marrow diseases include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; and bone marrow tests. Treatments depend on the disorder and how severe it is. They might involve medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood transfusions&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;bone marrow transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="1781" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la médula ósea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001855">Bone Marrow Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonemarrowdiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bonemarrowdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyloidosis.html" id="5273">Amyloidosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html" id="139">Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html" id="5955">Aplastic Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1457">Bone Marrow Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html" id="332">Multiple Myeloma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html" id="5550">Myelodysplastic Syndromes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Myeloproliferative Disorders</see-reference>
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<site title="Agranulocytosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001295.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-pancytopenia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Atypical Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_257" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_147">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Bone marrow aspiration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003658.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bone marrow biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003682.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone-marrow transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bone Marrow Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bone+Marrow+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Myeloproliferative Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Myeloproliferative+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diamond-blackfan-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diamond-blackfan-anemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diamond-Blackfan anemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/diamond-blackfan-anemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/myeloproliferative-neoplasms">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erythropoietin test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003683.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essential Thrombocythemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_245" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq#_149">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Essential thrombocythemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/essential-thrombocythemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fanconi anemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fanconi-anemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_294" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_39">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society" url="https://www.lls.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_307" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_159">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myelofibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000531.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelofibrosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myelofibrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355057?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000534.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pearson-marrow-pancreas-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polycythemia vera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000589.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycythemia Vera" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/polycythemia-vera">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polycythemia vera: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/polycythemia-vera">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Myelofibrosis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_234" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq#_135">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary myelofibrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-myelofibrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone+Marrow+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reticulocyte Count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/reticulocyte-count/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-reticulocitos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reticulocyte count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003637.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shwachman-diamond-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombocythemia-thrombocytosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trombocitopenia-trombocitosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_28" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq#_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_156" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_72">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bone marrow transplantation replaces faulty bone marrow with healthy bone marrow from a donor. Learn about the possible risks, and procedure." title="Bone Marrow Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1457" language="English" date-created="04/13/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells, called stem cells. The stem cells can develop into red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, white blood cells, which fight infections, and platelets, which help the blood to clot.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that replaces a person's faulty bone marrow stem cells. Doctors use these transplants to treat people with certain diseases, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;Leukemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe blood diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html"&gt;thalassemias&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html"&gt;aplastic anemia&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html"&gt;sickle cell anemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html"&gt;Multiple myeloma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain immune deficiency diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before you have a transplant, you need to get high doses of chemotherapy and possibly radiation. This destroys the faulty stem cells in your bone marrow. It also suppresses your body's immune system so that it won't attack the new stem cells after the transplant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, you can donate your own bone marrow stem cells in advance. The cells are saved and then used later on. Or you can get cells from a donor. The donor might be a family member or unrelated person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bone marrow transplantation has serious risks. Some complications can be life-threatening. But for some people, it is the best hope for a cure or a longer life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1782" language="Spanish">Trasplante de médula ósea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016026">Bone Marrow Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="171">Bone Marrow Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html" id="1395">Stem Cells</related-topic>
<site title="About Transplantation -- Blood Stem Cell" url="https://bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov/transplant-basics/about-transplantation">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Becoming a Blood Stem Cell Donor" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnTnkR7I0zk">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow (stem cell) donation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant in children - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000938.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone-marrow transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bone Marrow Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=bone+marrow+transplantation&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Donating Stem Cells and Bone Marrow" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/donors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/proceso.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donation and Transplantation Statistics" url="https://bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov/data/donation-and-transplantation-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding a Blood Stem Cell Donor" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant/finding-a-donor">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting a Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/process.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/efectos-secundarios-del-trasplante.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Graft-versus-host disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001309.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Life after a blood stem cell transplant" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/transplant-support/life-after-transplant">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planning for a Transplant -- Blood Stem Cell" url="https://bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov/transplant-basics/planning-transplant">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone+Marrow+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant Side Effects" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/transplant-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/donantes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cell Transplants in Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/trasplante-de-celulas-madre">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment before Transplant" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/transplant-support/preparing-for-transplant/treatment-before-transplant">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is a bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Graft-Versus-Host-Disease?" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/transplant-support/life-after-transplant/physical-recovery/graft-versus-host-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Botox injections can be used to temporarily reduce wrinkles but can also treat other health problems such as severe sweating or lazy-eye. Learn how." title="Botox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html" id="3015" language="English" date-created="11/25/2002">
<also-called>Botulinum toxin type A</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Botox is a drug made from a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.  It's the same toxin that causes a life-threatening type of food poisoning called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html"&gt;botulism&lt;/a&gt;. Doctors use it in small doses to treat health problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Temporary smoothing of facial &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html"&gt;wrinkles&lt;/a&gt; and improving your appearance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe underarm sweating &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cervical dystonia - a neurological disorder that causes severe neck and shoulder muscle contractions &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blepharospasm - uncontrollable blinking  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Strabismus - misaligned eyes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic migraine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overactive bladder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Botox injections work by weakening or paralyzing certain muscles or by blocking certain nerves. The effects last about three to twelve months, depending on what you are treating. The most common side effects are pain, swelling, or bruising at the injection site.  You could also have flu-like symptoms, headache, and upset stomach.  Injections in the face may also cause temporary drooping eyelids. You should not use Botox if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html" id="3016" language="Spanish">Botox</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019274">Botulinum Toxins, Type A</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Botulinum Toxin</see-reference>
<site title="Benefits of Botulinum Toxin: It's Not Just for Wrinkles" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/benefits-botulinum-toxin" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-ventajas-de-la-toxina-botulinica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Botox Injections" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/botox/about/pac-20384658?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Neurotoxin Injections" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/living-dystonia/treatment/botulinum-toxin-injections/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Toxin (Botox)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/botulinum-toxin-botox?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Toxin (Botox) for Facial Wrinkles" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/what-is-botox-facial-wrinkles">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Treatment for Muscle Spasms" url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Toxin Therapy: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/cosmetic/wrinkles/botulinum-toxin-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Botulinum Toxins" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=botulinum+toxin&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Counterfeit Version of Botox Found in the United States" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/counterfeit-version-botox-found-united-states">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injectables and Wrinkle Treatment: Understanding Types of Treatments for Facial Wrinkles" url="https://www.aafprs.org/Consumers/Procedures/FacialRejuvenation/Injectables/A/FR8.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuromodulators for Aging Skin" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/neuromodulators/neuromodulators-for-aging-skin">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botox" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Botulinum+Toxins%2C+Type+A%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las inyecciones de botox se utilizan para reducir las arrugas, pero también para tratar problemas de salud, como sudoración excesiva y estrabismo. " title="Botox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html" id="3016" language="Spanish" date-created="07/30/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El botox es una droga hecha de una toxina producida por la bacteria &lt;em&gt;Clostridium botulinum&lt;/em&gt;. Es la misma toxina que causa un tipo de intoxicación alimentaria peligrosa para la vida llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html"&gt;botulismo&lt;/a&gt;. Los médicos la utilizan en pequeñas dosis para tratar problemas de salud, entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eliminación temporal de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html"&gt;arrugas&lt;/a&gt; faciales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sudoración severa de las axilas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Distonía cervical: Un trastorno neurológico que causa contracciones musculares severas en el cuello y los hombros  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Blefarospasmo: Parpadeo incontrolable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estrabismo: Ojos desviados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Migraña crónica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vejiga hiperactiva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las inyecciones de botox funcionan debilitando y paralizando determinados músculos o bloqueando algunos nervios. Los efectos perduran entre tres o cuatro meses. Los efectos secundarios pueden incluir dolor en el lugar de la inyección, síntomas similares a los de una gripe, dolor de cabeza y malestar estomacal. Las inyecciones en la cara también pueden causar una caída temporal de los párpados. No se debe utilizar botox durante el embarazo o la lactancia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html" id="3015" language="English">Botox</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Toxina botulínica</see-reference>
<site title="Inyecciones de bótox" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/botox/about/pac-20384658?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de toxina botulínica para espasmos musculares" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección de toxina botulínica para la laringe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007637.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventajas de la toxina botulínica: No es solo para las arrugas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-ventajas-de-la-toxina-botulinica" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/benefits-botulinum-toxin">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Botulism is caused by a bacteria. It can be serious. Find out about symptoms, causes, how to prevent it. " title="Botulism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html" id="1557" language="English" date-created="10/04/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Botulism is a rare but serious illness. The cause is a toxin (poison) made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It occurs naturally in soil. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several kinds of botulism.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;Foodborne&lt;/a&gt;  botulism comes from eating foods contaminated with the toxin. Wound botulism happens when a wound infected with the bacteria makes the toxin. It is more common in heroin users. Infant botulism happens when a baby consumes the spores of the bacteria from soil or honey.  All forms can be deadly and are medical emergencies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include double or blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Treatment may include antitoxins, intensive medical care, or surgery of infected wounds.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent botulism:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Be very careful when canning foods at home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Do not let babies eat honey&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get prompt medical care for infected wounds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html" id="1783" language="Spanish">Botulismo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001906">Botulism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550">Biodefense and Bioterrorism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html" id="3015">Botox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434">Food Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Botulinum Toxin</see-reference>
<site title="About Botulism" url="https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulism" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/botulism/symptoms-causes/syc-20370262?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/botulism/symptoms-causes/syc-20370262?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000598.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulism" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Botulism.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/botulism.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Botulism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Botulism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home-Canned Foods" url="https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/prevention/home-canned-foods.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/home-canning-and-botulism.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant botulism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001384.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001384.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Botulism (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/botulism.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Botulism Surveillance" url="https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/php/national-botulism-surveillance/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Botulism" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Botulism%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Botulism" url="https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El botulismo es causado por una bacteria y puede causar serios problemas. Síntomas, tratamiento, prevención." title="Botulismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html" id="1783" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El botulismo es una enfermedad rara pero seria causada por una toxina (veneno) producida por una bacteria llamada Clostridium botulinum. Esta toxina se encuentra naturalmente en la tierra. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tipos de botulismo. El botulismo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;transmitido por alimentos&lt;/a&gt; se produce al ingerir alimentos contaminados con la toxina. El botulismo de la herida ocurre cuando una herida se infecta con la bacteria; es más común en quienes abusan de heroína. El botulismo infantil ocurre cuando un bebé consume las esporas de la bacteria que se encuentran en la tierra o en la miel. Todos estos tipos de botulismo pueden ser mortales y se consideran urgencias médicas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen ver doble, vista borrosa, caída de los párpados, dificultad para hablar, dificultad para tragar, boca seca y debilidad muscular. El tratamiento puede incluir antitoxinas, terapia intensiva o cirugía de las heridas infectadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para evitar el botulismo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sea cuidadoso al enlatar alimentos en casa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No deje que los bebés consuman miel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Busque rápidamente ayuda médica para las heridas infectadas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html" id="1557" language="English">Botulism</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1771">Biodefensa y bioterrorismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html" id="3016">Botox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910">Seguridad con los alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Toxina botulínica</see-reference>
<site title="Botulismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/botulism/symptoms-causes/syc-20370262?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/botulism/symptoms-causes/syc-20370262?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000598.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulismo" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/botulism">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulismo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/botulism.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Botulism.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulismo en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001384.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001384.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about causes, treatment, and control of bowel incontinence. This condition is also called fecal incontinence. " title="Bowel Incontinence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html" id="5316" language="English" date-created="12/23/2009">
<also-called>Encopresis</also-called>
<also-called>Fecal incontinence</also-called>
<also-called>Stool soiling</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Bowel incontinence is the inability to control your bowels. When you feel the urge to have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html"&gt;bowel movement&lt;/a&gt;, you may not be able to hold it until you get to a toilet. Millions of Americans have this problem. It affects people of all ages - children and adults. It is more common in women and older adults. It is not a normal part of aging.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage to muscles or nerves of the anus and rectum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html"&gt;Pelvic floor disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments include changes in diet, medicines, bowel training, or surgery. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html" id="5317" language="Spanish">Incontinencia fecal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004688">Encopresis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html" id="137">Anal Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html" id="5262">Bowel Movement</related-topic>
<see-reference>Encopresis</see-reference>
<site title="Accidental Bowel Leakage" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/accidental-bowel-leakage" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/La-perdida-accidental-de-las-evacuaciones-intestinales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel Control Problems (Fecal Incontinence)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/bowel-control-problems-fecal-incontinence" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/incontinencia-fecal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bowel incontinence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003135.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel retraining" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003971.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel Retraining: Strategies for Establishing Bowel Control" url="https://aboutconstipation.org/treatment/bowel-retraining/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cecostomy" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/cecostomy-for-children">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Encopresis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Encopresis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encopresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001570.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal Incontinence" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/fecal-incontinence">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal Incontinence" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fecal-incontinence/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/incontinencia-fecal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal Incontinence in Children" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/what-is-incontinence/fecal-incontinence-in-children/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinence Treatment: Biofeedback" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/treatment/biofeedback/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinence Treatment: Dietary Tips" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/treatment/dietary-tips/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinence Treatment: Medication" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/treatment/medication/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinence Treatment: Newer Treatment Options" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/treatment/newer-treatment-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinence Treatment: Surgical Treatments" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/treatment/surgical-treatments/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevalence of Bowel Incontinence" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/what-is-incontinence/prevalence/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel Incontinence" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Encopresis%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Soiling (Encopresis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Diary" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Files/Weight-Management/Stool_Diary_508.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Incontinence" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/signs-and-symptoms/symptoms-of-incontinence/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bowel movements have many names but it's all the same. Everyone has BMs.  Some are normal and some are irregular. Learn more. " title="Bowel Movement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html" id="5262" language="English" date-created="08/17/2009">
<also-called>BM</also-called>
<also-called>Feces</also-called>
<also-called>Poop</also-called>
<also-called>Stool</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A bowel movement is the last stop in the movement of food through your digestive tract. Your stool passes out of your body through the rectum and anus.  Another name for stool is feces.  It is made of what is left after your digestive system (stomach, small intestine, and colon) absorbs nutrients and fluids from what you eat and drink.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a bowel movement isn't normal.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt; happens when stool passes through the large intestine too quickly. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt; occurs when stool passes through the large intestine too slowly. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;Bowel incontinence&lt;/a&gt; is a problem controlling your bowel movements. Other abnormalities with bowel movements may be a sign of a digestive problem.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html" id="5263" language="Spanish">Evacuación de las heces</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003672">Defecation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005243">Feces</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html" id="137">Anal Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html" id="5316">Bowel Incontinence</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html" id="200">Constipation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211">Diarrhea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Poop</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stool</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biofeedback and Bowel Disorders: Teaching Yourself to Live without the Problem" url="https://aboutconstipation.org/treatment/biofeedback/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black or tarry stools" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel Control Problems (Fecal Incontinence)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/bowel-control-problems-fecal-incontinence" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/incontinencia-fecal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bowel retraining" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003971.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel Retraining: Strategies for Establishing Bowel Control" url="https://aboutconstipation.org/treatment/bowel-retraining/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Defecation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Defecation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Feces" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Feces%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Constipation and Fecal Soiling" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Constipation%20and%20fecal%20soiling.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Constipation%20and%20fecal%20soiling%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daily bowel care program" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elimination Problems or Constipation" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elimination Problems or Constipation in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="External incontinence devices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003974.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003755.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequent Bowel Movements" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/frequent-bowel-movements/basics/definition/SYM-20050720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/frequent-bowel-movements/basics/definition/sym-20050720?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance (MR) Defecography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/defecography-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/defecography-mri">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Function of the Colon" url="https://aboutconstipation.org/what-is-constipation/normal-function/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Expanded Version" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pelvic-floor-dysfunction-expanded-version">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevalence of Bowel Incontinence" url="https://aboutincontinence.org/what-is-incontinence/prevalence/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel Movement" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Feces%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Defecation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skin care and incontinence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003976.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Color: When to Worry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/stool-color/expert-answers/FAQ-20058080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/stool-color/expert-answers/faq-20058080?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool guaiac test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool ova and parasites exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003756.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stools - floating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003128.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stools - foul smelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003132.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stools - pale or clay-colored" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003129.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenesmus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003131.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Brachial plexus injuries occur due to shoulder trauma, tumors, or inflammation. Some injuries heal without treatment, others need PT or surgery." title="Brachial Plexus Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/brachialplexusinjuries.html" id="6089" language="English" date-created="01/07/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that sends signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand. Damage to the brachial plexus can cause symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A limp or paralyzed arm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Brachial plexus injuries can happen because of shoulder trauma, tumors, or inflammation. Sometimes they happen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;during childbirth&lt;/a&gt; when a baby's shoulders become stuck during delivery and the nerves stretch or tear.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment. Many children who are injured during birth improve or recover by 3 to 4 months of age. Treatment includes physical therapy and, in some cases, surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brachialplexusinjuries.html" id="6090" language="Spanish">Lesiones del plexo braquial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020516">Brachial Plexus Neuropathies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brachialplexusinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="Brachial plexopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brachial Plexus Injury" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brachial-plexus-injury">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brachial plexus injury in newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001395.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burner (Stinger)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/burners.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/burners.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burners" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/burners/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/burners-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Brachial Plexus Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Brachial+Plexus+Neuropathies%22+OR+%22Brachial+Plexus+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brachial Plexus Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brachial+Plexus+Neuropathies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A brain aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel in the brain. It is life-threatening it if bursts. Learn about the signs and symptoms." title="Brain Aneurysm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainaneurysm.html" id="4926" language="English" date-created="03/02/2009">
<also-called>Berry aneurysm</also-called>
<also-called>Cerebral aneurysm</also-called>
<also-called>Intracranial aneurysm</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A brain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurysm&lt;/a&gt; is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery in the brain. They are sometimes called berry aneurysms because they are often the size of a small berry. Most brain aneurysms produce no symptoms until they become large, begin to leak blood, or burst.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If a brain aneurysm presses on nerves in your brain, it can cause signs and symptoms. These can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A droopy eyelid &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Double vision or other changes in vision &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Pain above or behind the eye &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;A dilated pupil &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Numbness or weakness on one side of the face or body &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the size and location of the aneurysm, whether it is infected, and whether it has burst. If a brain aneurysm bursts, symptoms can include a sudden, severe headache, nausea and vomiting, stiff neck, loss of consciousness, and signs of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;. Any of these symptoms requires immediate medical attention.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainaneurysm.html" id="4927" language="Spanish">Aneurisma cerebral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002532">Intracranial Aneurysm</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainaneurysm.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html" id="141">Aneurysms</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6263">Hemorrhagic Stroke</related-topic>
<see-reference>Berry Aneurysm</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebral Aneurysm</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intracranial Aneurysm</see-reference>
<site title="Aneurysm in the brain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001414.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Aneurysm" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20361483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/brain-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20361483?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain aneurysm repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007372.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007372.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain aneurysm repair - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000123.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Aneurysm: Diagnosis and Screening" url="https://www.bafound.org/understanding-brain-aneurysms/warning-signs-symptoms/diagnosis-and-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Brain Aneurysm Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Aneurysm: Recovery" url="https://www.bafound.org/treatment-recovery/recovery/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Brain Aneurysm Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Aneurysm: Statistics and Facts" url="https://www.bafound.org/statistics-and-facts/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Brain Aneurysm Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Aneurysm: Treatment Options" url="https://www.bafound.org/treatment-recovery/treatment-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Brain Aneurysm Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Aneurysm: Warning Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.bafound.org/understanding-brain-aneurysms/warning-signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Brain Aneurysm Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catheter Angiography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral aneurysm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000026.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Aneurysms" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebral-aneurysms">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003799.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intracranial Aneurysm" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intracranial+Aneurysm%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CT Angiography (CTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embolization of Brain Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformations/Fistulas" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dc-embol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dc-embol">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endovascular embolization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007277.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007277.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intracranial Vascular Treatments" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/IntracranialVasc" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/IntracranialVasc">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MR Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudoaneurysm: What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/FAQ-20058420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/expert-answers/pseudoaneurysm/faq-20058420?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Aneurysm" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intracranial+Aneurysm%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Subarachnoid hemorrhage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000701.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/stroke/subarachnoid-hemorrhage-sah">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thunderclap Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Should Know about Cerebral Aneurysms" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/hemorrhagic-strokes-bleeds/what-you-should-know-about-cerebral-aneurysms">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Brain diseases affect different functions of the body from memory, speech, thinking clearly, how well the different organs work, or even movement. " title="Brain Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html" id="174" language="English" date-created="01/05/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your brain is the control center of your body. It controls your thoughts, memory, speech, and movement. It regulates the function of many organs. It's part of your nervous system, which also includes your spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The nervous system sends signals between your brain and the rest of the body. Your nerves take in information from your senses and send it to the brain to be processed. Your brain and nerves also communicate to help you move and to control your body's functions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When the brain is healthy, it works quickly and automatically. But when you have a brain disease, it may affect how  well you can function and do your daily activities. Some common brain diseases include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html"&gt;Brain tumors&lt;/a&gt;, which can press on nerves and affect brain function.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html"&gt;Degenerative nerve diseases&lt;/a&gt;, which can affect many of your body's activities, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;talking&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;breathing&lt;/a&gt;, and heart function. Types include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html"&gt;Encephalitis&lt;/a&gt; (inflammation in the brain), which can lead to problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vision loss&lt;/a&gt;, weakness, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html"&gt;paralysis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html"&gt;Genetic brain disorders&lt;/a&gt;, which are caused by changes in genes (also called variants or mutations). These disorders can affect the development and function of the brain.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Strokes&lt;/a&gt;, which can cause a loss of brain cells and can affect your ability to think clearly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;Traumatic brain injuries&lt;/a&gt; (TBIs), which can affect brain function. They may range from mild to severe. The effects of a TBI may be temporary or permanent.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of brain diseases vary widely, depending on the specific problem. In some cases, damage is permanent. In other cases, treatments such as surgery, medicines, or therapies such as physical, occupational, and speech therapies, may cure the disease or improve the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html" id="1785" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del cerebro</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001927">Brain Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22">Alzheimer's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022">Brain Malformations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html" id="173">Brain Tumors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5919">Cerebellar Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html" id="4867">Concussion</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1242">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" id="205">Dementia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html" id="241">Encephalitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html" id="244">Epilepsy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3117">Genetic Brain Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html" id="607">Hydrocephalus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="271">Traumatic Brain Injury</related-topic>
<site title="About Neurointerventions" url="https://www.snisonline.org/about/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/acute-necrotizing-encephalopathy-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ammonia blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003506.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Athetosis resulting from basal ganglia injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000007.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Basal ganglia dysfunction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001069.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/biotin-thiamine-responsive-basal-ganglia-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Birth Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/birth-disorders-brain-and-spinal-cord">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000783.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: Know Your Brain" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-know-your-brain">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain components" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Facts: Glossary" url="https://www.brainfacts.org/Glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Society for Neuroscience</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain PET scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Nervous System: The Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Pontine Myelinolysis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/central-pontine-myelinolysis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Klüver-Bucy Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/kluver-bucy-syndrome">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Loss of brain function - liver disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000302.htm">
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Osmotic demyelination syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000775.htm">
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<site title="Periventricular Leukomalacia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/periventricular-leukomalacia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Primary familial brain calcification: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-familial-brain-calcification">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<site title="Pseudotumor Cerebri" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pseudotumor-cerebri">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudotumor-cerebri/symptoms-causes/syc-20354031?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Brain Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000771.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000771.htm">
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<site title="Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/wernicke-korsakoff-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="What Is IH (Intracranial Hypertension)?" url="https://ihrfoundation.org/what-is-ih">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Your Brain and Nervous System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/brain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/brain.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Brain malformations is damage or abnormal development of the brain and nervous system. Starts long before a baby is born. Learn types and treatments." title="Brain Malformations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022" language="English" date-created="01/08/2003">
<also-called>Cephalic disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most brain malformations begin long before a baby is born. Something damages the developing nervous system or causes it to develop abnormally. Sometimes it's a genetic problem. In other cases, exposure to certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt;, or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Parts of the brain may be missing, abnormally small or large, or not fully developed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends upon the problem. In many cases, treatment only helps with symptoms. It may include antiseizure medicines, shunts to drain fluid from the brain, and physical therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are head malformations that do not involve the brain. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html"&gt;Craniofacial disorders&lt;/a&gt; are the result of abnormal growth of soft tissue and bones in the face and head. It's common for new babies to have slightly uneven heads, but parents should watch the shape of their baby's head for possible problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
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<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html" id="3023" language="Spanish">Malformaciones del cerebro</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html" id="174">Brain Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5919">Cerebellar Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5757">Craniofacial Abnormalities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html" id="607">Hydrocephalus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html" id="340">Neural Tube Defects</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cephalic Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="Absence of the Septum Pellucidum" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/absence-septum-pellucidum">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Aicardi syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001664.htm">
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Baraitser-Winter syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/baraitser-winter-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Birth Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/birth-disorders-brain-and-spinal-cord">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
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<site title="Cerebral cavernous malformation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebral-cavernous-malformation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nervous System Malformations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nervous+System+Malformations%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Zika Syndrome and Other Birth Defects" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/czs/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Cranial Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ultrasound-cranial" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ultrasound-cranial">
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Dandy-Walker malformation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dandy-walker-malformation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Hartsfield syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hartsfield-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Hydranencephaly" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hydranencephaly">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Increased head circumference" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003305.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Isolated lissencephaly sequence: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-lissencephaly-sequence">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lissencephaly-with-cerebellar-hypoplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<site title="Meckel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meckel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megalencephaly-capillary-malformation-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Microcephaly" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/microcephaly.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/microcefalia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Microcephaly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003272.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Microcephaly" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/microcephaly/symptoms-causes/syc-20375051?p=1">
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<site title="Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/microcephaly-capillary-malformation-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Miller-Dieker syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/miller-dieker-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Neuronal Migration Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuronal-migration-disorders">
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<site title="Opitz G/BBB syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/opitz-g-bbb-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pallister-Hall syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pallister-hall-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Periventricular heterotopia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/periventricular-heterotopia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Polymicrogyria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/polymicrogyria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Brain Malformations" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nervous+System+Malformations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Septo-optic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/septo-optic-dysplasia">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<health-topic meta-desc="A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the brain tissue. Learn the types of tumors, symptoms, how they are diagnosed and treatment options." title="Brain Tumors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html" id="173" language="English" date-created="06/21/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign, with no cancer cells, or malignant, with cancer cells that grow quickly.  Some are primary brain tumors, which start in the brain. Others are metastatic, and they start somewhere else in the body and move to the brain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Brain tumors can cause many symptoms. Some of the most common are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches, often in the morning &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in your ability to talk, hear, or see&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with balance or walking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with thinking or memory &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling weak or sleepy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in your mood or behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seizures&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose brain tumors by doing a neurologic exam and tests including an MRI, CT scan, and biopsy. Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Many people get a combination of treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
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<site title="Assisted Care Options" url="https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/treatments-side-effects/assisted-care-options/">
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<site title="Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol/cancer/tumoresdeencefalo/guiadetallada/index?">
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<site title="Brain herniation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Brain radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Brain surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Brain surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Brain Tumor Support Groups" url="https://www.abta.org/supportgroups/">
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<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
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<site title="Brain Tumor Types" url="https://braintumor.org/brain-tumors/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-types/">
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<organization>National Brain Tumor Society</organization>
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Brain Tumor Society</organization>
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<site title="Brain Tumors Types" url="https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/diagnosis/brain-tumor-types/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Can Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/tumores-de-encefalo-o-de-medula-espinal/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Cancer of the Brain and Other Nervous System" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/brain.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cell Phones and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-telefonos-celulares">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Brain Tumors: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodbraintumors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Brain+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Glioma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Glioma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Meningioma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Meningioma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/constitutional-mismatch-repair-deficiency-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Brain Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/brain">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/encephalocraniocutaneous-lipomatosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="End of Life Care (Brain Tumors)" url="https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/treatments-side-effects/end-of-life-care/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional MRI (fMRI)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Head CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothalamic tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001211.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquid Biopsy Detects Brain Cancer and Early-Stage Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/liquid-biopsy-kidney-brain-cancer">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningioma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Metastatic brain tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000769.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuro-Oncology Branch" url="https://ccr.cancer.gov/neuro-oncology-branch">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newly Diagnosed (Brain Tumor)" url="https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/diagnosis/newly-diagnosed/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
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<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Posterior fossa tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001404.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary lymphoma of the brain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000734.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000734.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Tumors" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recurrence (of Brain Tumors)" url="https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/diagnosis/recurrence/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/tumores-de-encefalo-o-de-medula-espinal/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms (of a Brain Tumor)" url="https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/brain-tumor-diagnosis/brain-tumor-signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
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<site title="Skull x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spotlight on Brain Tumors: Do You Know the Symptoms?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/10/spotlight-brain-tumors" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/detectar-tumores-cerebrales">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - Gamma Knife" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007577.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Steroids" url="https://www.abta.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/steroids-brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women in the US. Mammograms are the best way to find breast cancer early, when it is easier to treat." title="Breast Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html" id="3" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is breast cancer?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in breast tissue.  It happens when cells in the breast change and grow out of control. The cells usually form a tumor.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the cancer does not spread any further. This is called "in situ." If the cancer spreads outside the breast, the cancer is called "invasive." It may just spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. Or the cancer may metastasize (spread to other parts of the body) through the lymph system or the blood.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women in the United States. Rarely, it can also affect &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malebreastcancer.html"&gt;men&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of breast cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of breast cancer. The types are based on which breast cells turn into cancer. The types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ductal carcinoma&lt;/strong&gt;, which begins in the cells of the ducts. This is the most common type.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lobular carcinoma&lt;/strong&gt;, which begins in the lobules. It is more often found in both breasts than other types of breast cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inflammatory breast cancer&lt;/strong&gt;, in which cancer cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. The breast becomes warm, red, and swollen. This is a rare type.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paget's disease of the breast&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a cancer involving the skin of the nipple. It usually also affects the darker skin around the nipple. It is also rare.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes breast cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Breast cancer happens when there are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/breast-cancer/#causes"&gt;changes in the genetic material&lt;/a&gt; (DNA). Often, the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;But sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. Breast cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of breast cancer, including changes in the &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca1/"&gt;BRCA1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca2/"&gt;BRCA2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; genes. These two changes also raise your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html"&gt;ovarian&lt;/a&gt; and other cancers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Besides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for breast cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The factors that raise your risk of breast cancer include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Older age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;History of breast cancer or benign (noncancer) breast disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inherited risk of breast cancer, including having &lt;em&gt;BRCA1&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;BRCA2&lt;/em&gt; gene changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dense breast tissue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A reproductive history that leads to more exposure to the estrogen hormone, including
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;Menstruating&lt;/a&gt; at an early age&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Being at an older age when you first gave birth or never having given birth&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Starting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt; at a later age&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;hormone therapy&lt;/a&gt; for symptoms of menopause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt; to the breast or chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms of breast cancer include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A new lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the armpit.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in the size or shape of the breast.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dimple or puckering in the skin of the breast. It may look like the skin of an orange.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A nipple turned inward into the breast.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nipple discharge other than breast milk. The discharge might happen suddenly, be bloody, or happen in only one breast.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Scaly, red, or swollen skin in the nipple area or the breast&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in any area of the breast.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is breast cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose breast cancer and figure out which type you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, including a clinical breast exam (CBE). This involves checking for any lumps or anything else that seems unusual with the breasts and armpits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Imaging tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html"&gt;mammogram&lt;/a&gt;, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, or an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/"&gt;Breast biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood chemistry tests, which measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Some of the specific blood chemistry tests include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/"&gt;basic metabolic panel (BMP)&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/"&gt;comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)&lt;/a&gt;, and an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/"&gt;electrolyte panel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If these tests show that you have breast cancer, you will have tests that study the cancer cells. These tests help your provider decide which treatment would be best for you. The tests may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; for genetic changes such as in the &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/brca-test/"&gt;BRCA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/"&gt;TP53&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; genes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/her2-breast-cancer-testing/"&gt;HER2 test&lt;/a&gt;. HER2 is a protein involved with cell growth. It is on the outside of all breast cells. If your breast cancer cells have more HER2 than normal, they can grow more quickly and spread to other parts of the body.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;An estrogen and progesterone receptor test. This test measures the amount of estrogen and progesterone (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;) receptors in cancer tissue. If there are more receptors than normal, the cancer is called estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive. This type of breast cancer may grow more quickly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another step is staging the cancer. Staging involves doing tests to find out whether the cancer has spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. The tests may include other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnostic imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. This biopsy is done to see whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for breast cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for breast cancer include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery such as
	&lt;ul&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomy&lt;/a&gt;, which removes the whole breast&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;A lumpectomy to remove the cancer and some normal tissue around it, but not the breast itself&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormone therapy, which blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can breast cancer be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to help prevent breast cancer by making healthy lifestyle changes such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying at a healthy weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting alcohol use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;enough exercise&lt;/a&gt;e&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting your exposure to estrogen by
	&lt;ul&gt; 
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;Breastfeeding&lt;/a&gt; your babies if you can&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Limiting hormone therapy&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are at high risk, your health care provider may suggest that you take certain medicines to lower the risk. Some women at very high risk may decide to get a mastectomy (of their healthy breasts) to prevent breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's also important to get regular mammograms. They may be able to identify breast cancer in the early stages, when it is easier to treat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html" id="1786" language="Spanish">Cáncer de seno</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018270">Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001943">Breast Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061325">Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058922">Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastcancer.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html" id="474">Breast Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastreconstruction.html" id="1239">Breast Reconstruction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malebreastcancer.html" id="3577">Male Breast Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html" id="1263">Mammography</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html" id="3752">Mastectomy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Paget's Disease of Breast</see-reference>
<site title="About Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-ovarian-cancer-hereditary/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC/CanceresHereditarios/">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Breast Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Breast Cancer: Screening and Treatment Get Personal" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/02/advances-breast-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/avances-en-el-cancer-de-mama">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiperspirants/Deodorants and Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/antiperspirants-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-antitranspirantes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aromatase Inhibitors for Lowering Breast Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/aromatase-inhibitors-for-lowering-breast-cancer-risk.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/riesgos-y-prevencion/inhibidores-de-la-aromatasa-para-disminuir-el-riesgo-de-cancer-de-seno.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Axillary Lymph Nodes and Breast Cancer" url="https://www.komen.org/wp-content/uploads/AxillaryLymphNodes-1.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-392-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="BRCA Gene Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/genetica/hoja-informativa-brca">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="BRCA Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/brca-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-brca/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000690.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast and Ovarian Cancers and Family History Risk Categories" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-ovarian-cancer-hereditary/risk-factors/breast-and-ovarian-cancer-and-family-history-risk-categories.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast biopsy  - ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007432.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast biopsy -- stereotactic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007433.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352470?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000913.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/breast-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-seno-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Needle Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-pildoras-anticonceptivas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paget Disease of the Breast" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-paget-seno">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partial breast brachytherapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007692.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007692.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Partial breast radiation therapy - external beam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007693.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PET scan for breast cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007469.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="PTEN Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflammatory+Breast+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Carcinoma%2C+Ductal%2C+Breast%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Breast+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hereditary+Breast+and+Ovarian+Cancer+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Quality of Life after Breast Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/survivorship/health-concerns/quality-of-life/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reproductive History and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/reproductive-history-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-antecedentes-reproduccion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sentinel-lymph-node-biopsy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-ganglio-centinela/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Should I Do a Breast Self-Exam?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bse.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sister Study: A Study of the Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Breast Cancer" url="https://sisterstudy.niehs.nih.gov/English/index1.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq#_148" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-pdq#_148">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery Choices for Women with DCIS or Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/surgery-choices" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/opciones-de-cirugia">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery to Reduce the Risk of Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/risk-reducing-surgery-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-mastectomia-preventiva">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TP53 Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Breast Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq#_185" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-pdq#_185">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq#_565" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-pdq#_565">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triple-Negative Breast Cancer" url="https://www.lbbc.org/about-breast-cancer/types-breast-cancer/triple-negative">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Living Beyond Breast Cancer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding your breast cancer risk" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000830.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Pathology Report" url="https://www.lbbc.org/about-breast-cancer/testing/your-pathology-report">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Living Beyond Breast Cancer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Voices of the Sister Study" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/voices-of-the-sister-study" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/voces-del-estudio-de-hermanas">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Breast Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/how-does-breast-cancer-form.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/acerca/como-se-forma-el-cancer-de-seno.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Breast Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/what-is-breast-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-seno.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whole breast radiation therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007691.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women with Disabilities and Breast Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Breast changes such as lumps, bumps, and discharge are common. Some causes can be aging, hormones, or medicines. Learn about symptoms and treatments." title="Breast Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html" id="474" language="English" date-created="08/12/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most women experience breast changes at some time. Your age, hormone levels, and medicines you take may cause lumps, bumps, and discharges (fluids that are not breast milk).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a breast lump, pain, discharge or skin irritation, see your health care provider. Minor and serious breast problems have similar  symptoms. Although many women fear &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, most breast problems are not cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some common breast changes are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fibrocystic breast changes - lumpiness, thickening and swelling, often just before a woman's period&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cysts - fluid-filled lumps&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fibroadenomas - solid, round, rubbery lumps that move easily when pushed, occurring most in younger women&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Intraductal papillomas - growths similar to warts near the nipple&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Blocked milk ducts&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Milk production when a woman is not breastfeeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html" id="1787" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del seno</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001941">Breast Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008413">Mastitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059373">Mastodynia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D047688">Breast Cyst</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastdiseases.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html" id="3">Breast Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html" id="1263">Mammography</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fibrocystic Breast Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gynecomastia</see-reference>
<site title="Adenosis of the Breast" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/adenosis-of-the-breast.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/adenosis-del-seno.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the breast" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003999.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003999.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benign Breast Conditions" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/https-familydoctor-org-condition-benign-breast-conditions/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/problemas-y-afecciones-benignos-del-seno-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast biopsy  - ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007432.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast biopsy -- stereotactic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007433.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Calcifications" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/breast-calcifications/basics/definition/SYM-20050834?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/breast-calcifications/basics/definition/sym-20050834?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cyst Aspiration" url="https://familydoctor.org/breast-cyst-aspiration/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aspiracion-de-quiste-mamario/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cysts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20370284?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/breast-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20370284?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast enlargement in males" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003165.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Health: Follow-up After an Abnormal Mammogram" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/significado-cambios-en-los-senos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001490.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003155.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Lump Or Breast Changes: Early Evaluation Is Essential" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/breast-lump/art-20044839?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/breast-lump/art-20044839?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast lump removal - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100003_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100003_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Lumps" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/breast-lumps/basics/definition/SYM-20050619?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007360.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20350423?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003152.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Rash" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/breast-rash/basics/definition/SYM-20050817?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/breast-rash/basics/definition/sym-20050817?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast self-exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001993.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001993.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast skin and nipple changes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000622.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003379.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Breast Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Breast+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gynecomastia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gynecomastia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mastitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mastitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mastodynia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mastodynia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts for Life: Benign Breast Conditions" url="https://www.komen.org/wp-content/uploads/BenignBreastConditions.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-377-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fat Necrosis and Oil Cysts in the Breast" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fat-necrosis-and-oil-cysts-in-the-breast.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/necrosis-grasa-y-quistes-oleosos-del-seno.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibroadenoma of the breast" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007216.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrocystic breasts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000912.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrocystic Changes in the Breast" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fibrosis-and-simple-cysts-in-the-breast.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/fibrosis-y-quistes-simples-en-el-seno.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactography (Ductography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/galactogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/galactogram">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactorrhea" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/galactorrhea/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/galactorrea-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gynecomastia (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/boybrst.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/boybrst.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperplasia of the Breast" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/hyperplasia-of-the-breast-ductal-or-lobular.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/hiperplasia-del-seno-ductal-o-lobulillar.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intraductal papilloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001238.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/symptoms-causes/syc-20374529?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/symptoms-causes/syc-20374529?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammary Duct Ectasia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374801?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374801?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Needle Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nipple Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/nipple-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nipple Discharge" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/definition/SYM-20050946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/definition/SYM-20050946?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nipple discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001515.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001515.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Non-Cancerous Breast Conditions" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual breast changes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003153.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Breast+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Breast+Cyst%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Mastodynia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Mastitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Subareolar abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001501.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Supernumerary Nipple" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/supernumerary-nipple?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Supernumerary nipples" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003110.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transillumination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003389.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Are My Breasts Different Sizes?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/breast-size.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Are My Breasts Sore? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sore-breasts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sore-breasts.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Breast reconstruction can rebuild the shape of the breast after a mastectomy for breast cancer. Read about the types of implants and how it is done." title="Breast Reconstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastreconstruction.html" id="1239" language="English" date-created="04/06/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you need a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomy&lt;/a&gt;, you have a choice about whether or not to have surgery to rebuild the shape of the breast. Instead of breast reconstruction, you could choose to wear a breast form that replaces the breast, wear padding inside your bra, or do nothing. All of these options have pros and cons. What is right for one woman may not be right for another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Breast reconstruction may be done at the same time as the mastectomy, or it may be done later on. If radiation therapy is part of the treatment plan, your doctor may suggest waiting until after radiation therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you're thinking about breast reconstruction, talk to a plastic surgeon before the mastectomy, even if you plan to have your reconstruction later on.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A surgeon can reconstruct the breast in many ways. Some women choose to have breast implants, which are filled with saline or silicone gel. Another method uses tissue taken from another part of your body. The plastic surgeon can take skin, muscle, and fat from your lower abdomen, back, or buttocks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The type of reconstruction that is best for you depends on your age, body type, and the type of cancer surgery that you had. A plastic surgeon can help you decide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastreconstruction.html" id="1789" language="Spanish">Reconstrucción del seno</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016462">Mammaplasty</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018427">Breast Implants</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastreconstruction.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastreconstruction.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastreconstruction.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastreconstruction.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastreconstruction.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastreconstruction.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html" id="3">Breast Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html" id="474">Breast Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="38">Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery</related-topic>
<see-reference>Breast Implants</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mammaplasty</see-reference>
<site title="Breast Reconstruction" url="https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/type/surgery/breast-reconstruction/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast reconstruction - implants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007403.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast reconstruction - natural tissue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007404.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast reconstruction - series -- Indication, part 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100156_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100156_1.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/reconstruction-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-reconstruccion">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast Reconstruction or Prosthesis after Mastectomy" url="https://www.komen.org/wp-content/uploads/BreastReconstruction.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-395-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Breast Implants" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Breast+Implants%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mammaplasty" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=Mammaplasty&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomy and breast reconstruction - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast reconstruction" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Breast+Implants%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Mammaplasty%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risks and Complications of Breast Implants" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/breast-implants/risks-and-complications-breast-implants">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Should I Get Breast Reconstruction Surgery?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/reconstruction-surgery/should-i-get-breast-reconstruction-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/cirugia-reconstructiva/debo-someterme-a-una-cirugia-de-reconstruccion-del-seno.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Breast Implants" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/breast-implants/types-breast-implants">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Expect After Breast Reconstruction Surgery" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/reconstruction-surgery/what-to-expect-after-breast-reconstruction-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/cancer-de-seno/cirugia-reconstructiva.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Breastfeeding gives your baby the right nutrients and may protect your baby against some illness. Learn about all its benefits and how to breastfeed." title="Breastfeeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html" id="175" language="English" date-created="08/20/1999">
<also-called>Lactation</also-called>
<also-called>Nursing</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Breastfeeding offers many benefits to your baby. Breast milk contains the right balance of nutrients to help your infant grow into a strong and healthy toddler. Some of the nutrients in breast milk also help protect your infant against some common childhood illnesses and infections. It may also help your health. Certain types of cancer may occur less often in mothers who have breastfed their babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Women who don't have health problems should try to give their babies breast milk for at least the first six months of life. Most women with health problems can breastfeed. There are rare exceptions when women are advised not to breastfeed because they have certain illnesses.  Some medicines, illegal drugs, and alcohol can also pass through the breast milk and cause harm to your baby. Check with your health care provider if you have concerns about whether you should breastfeed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are having problems with breastfeeding, contact a lactation consultant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html" id="1788" language="Spanish">Lactancia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001942">Breast Feeding</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breastfeeding.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<site title="About Breastfeeding Special Circumstances" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol and Breast Milk" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Alcohol-Breast-Milk.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/alcohol-breast-milk.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeed Your Baby" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/pregnancy/doctor-and-midwife-visits/breastfeed-your-baby">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding after Cesarean Delivery" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Breastfeeding-After-Cesarean-Delivery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/breastfeeding-after-cesarean-delivery.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding FAQs: How Much and How Often" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breastfeed-often.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/breastfeed-often.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding FAQs: Pumping" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breastfeed-pump.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/breastfeed-pump.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding FAQs: Some Common Concerns" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breastfeed-concerns.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/breastfeed-concerns.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding vs. Formula Feeding" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breast-bottle-feeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/breast-bottle-feeding.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding vs. formula feeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding: Hints to Help You Get Off to a Good Start" url="https://familydoctor.org/breastfeeding-hints-to-help-you-get-off-to-a-good-start/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lactancia-algunas-indicaciones-que-pueden-ayudarla-a-comenzar-por-un-buen-camino/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding: Planning Ahead" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/its-only-natural/planning-ahead">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burping Your Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burping.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Breast Feeding" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Breast+Feeding%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostrum: Your Baby's First Meal" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Colostrum-Your-Babys-First-Meal.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/colostrum-your-babys-first-meal.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Breastfeeding Challenges" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-challenges/common-breastfeeding-challenges">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/illnesses-conditions/covid-19.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Breastfeed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/how-is-it-done" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/realiza">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Induced Lactation: Breastfeeding for Adoptive Parents" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/Inducing-Lactation-Breastfeeding-for-Adoptive-Moms.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Paginas/Inducing-Lactation-Breastfeeding-for-Adoptive-Moms.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Allergies and Food Sensitivities" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Infant-Allergies-and-Food-Sensitivities.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/infant-allergies-and-food-sensitivities.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="LactMed: Drugs and Lactation Database" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501922/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mastitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nipple Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/nipple-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nursing Positions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nursing-positions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nursing-positions.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overcoming breastfeeding problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002452.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overcoming Challenges" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/its-only-natural/overcoming-challenges">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Bone Health" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-bone-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/embarazo-lactancia-y-salud-de-los-huesos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Breast+Feeding%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Biology of Breast Milk: Getting a Good Start on Nutrition" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/08/biology-breast-milk" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-biologia-de-la-leche-maternal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Breastfeeding Moms" url="https://wicworks.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/document/Tips_for_Breastfeeding_Moms_English.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travel Recommendations for Nursing Families" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/breastfeeding/travel-recommendations.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Breast Pumps" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/breast-pumps/types-breast-pumps">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/diet-micronutrients/vitamin-d.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warning Signs of Breastfeeding Problems" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Warning-Signs-of-Breastfeeding-Problems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/warning-signs-of-breastfeeding-problems.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weaning Your Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/weaning.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/weaning.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Know When Buying or Using a Breast Pump" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-know-when-buying-or-using-breast-pump" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-hay-que-saber-al-comprar-o-usar-un-sacaleches">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Should Know About Using Cannabis, Including CBD, When Pregnant or Breastfeeding" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-should-know-about-using-cannabis-including-cbd-when-pregnant-or-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-acerca-del-uso-de-cannabis-incluyendo-cbd-mientras-esta-embarazada-o-amamantando">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Breastfeeding, How Many Calories Should Moms and Babies Consume?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/calories" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/DGA">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="When you have breathing problems, such as shortness of breath, it's hard for you to take in the oxygen your body needs.  Find out what can cause this." title="Breathing Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077" language="English" date-created="12/19/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you're short of breath, it's hard or uncomfortable for you to take in the oxygen your body needs. You may feel as if you're not getting enough air. Sometimes you can have mild breathing problems because of a stuffy nose or intense exercise. But shortness of breath can also be a sign of a serious disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many conditions can make you feel short of breath:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lung conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html"&gt;emphysema&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html"&gt;trachea&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html"&gt;bronchi&lt;/a&gt;, which are part of your airway system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt; can make you feel breathless if your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html"&gt;panic attacks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;Allergies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you often have trouble breathing, it is important to find out the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078" language="Spanish">Problemas respiratorios</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059246">Tachypnea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004417">Dyspnea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/breathingproblems.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html" id="5755">Acute Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2">Asthma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html" id="5977">Bronchial Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1608">Chronic Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html" id="27">COPD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199">Heart Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html" id="2784">Sleep Apnea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dyspnea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shortness of Breath</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tachypnea</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood gases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breath - holding spell" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000967.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breath sounds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007535.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breath-Holding Spells" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spells.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spells.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breathing - slowed or stopped" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003069.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing difficulties - first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000007.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing difficulty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003075.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003075.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing difficulty - lying down" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003076.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathlessness" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/breathlessness.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiectasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000144.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dyspnea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dyspnea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dyspnea during Advanced Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_143" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq#_143">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare at Home: Breathing Problems" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/caregiver-guide-breathing-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas exchange" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Home apnea monitor use - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to breathe when you are short of breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Properly Put On and Take Off a Disposable Respirator" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-133_sp/pdfs/2010-133_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Your Body Controls Breathing" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs/body-controls-breathing" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones/controles-respiratorios-del-cuerpo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperventilation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003071.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypoxemia (Low Blood Oxygen)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hypoxemia/basics/definition/SYM-20050930?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/hypoxemia/basics/definition/sym-20050930?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intercostal retractions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003322.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Minimizing Shortness of Breath" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/stress-and-relaxation/breathing-and-relaxation/minimizing-shortness-of-breath">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal flaring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003055.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/obesity-hypoventilation-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000085.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - shortness of breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary alveolar hypoventilation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000078.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000078.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dyspnea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Tachypnea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary function tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rapid shallow breathing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007198.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Pathogens Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-de-patogenos-respiratorios/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shortness of Breath" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/falta-de-aire-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shortness of Breath" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.0000075956.36340.78">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shortness of Breath" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/shortness-of-breath/basics/definition/SYM-20050890?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/shortness-of-breath/basics/definition/sym-20050890?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shortness of Breath" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dificultad-respiratoria/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shortness of Breath and Eating" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/health-insights/healthy-eating/shortness-of-breath?modal=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/spirometry">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sputum Culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stridor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003074.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome" url="https://www.srs.org/Patients/Conditions/Scoliosis/Thoracic-Insufficiency-Syndrome-TIS">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Scoliosis Research Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheomalacia - acquired" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007310.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheomalacia - congenital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001084.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient tachypnea - newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with breathing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turbinate surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007563.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="V/Q Scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vq-scan/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wheezing" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/SYM-20050764?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/SYM-20050764?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wheezing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Puede un bronceado ser “saludable”? ¿Cómo dañan los rayos UV la piel? ¿Cómo prevenir el daño a la piel?" title="Bronceado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tanning.html" id="6542" language="Spanish" date-created="06/28/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Puede un bronceado ser saludable?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas piensan que el bronceado les otorga un brillo saludable. Sin embargo, broncearse, ya sea al aire libre o en interiores con una cama solar, no es saludable en lo absoluto. Lo expone a dañinos rayos y aumenta su riesgo de problemas de salud como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html"&gt;melanoma&lt;/a&gt; y otros tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html"&gt;cáncer de piel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los rayos UV y cómo afectan a la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La luz del sol llega a la tierra como una mezcla de rayos visibles e invisibles. Algunos de los rayos son inofensivos. Pero los rayos ultravioleta (UV), una forma de radiación, pueden causar problemas. Los rayos UV ayudan a su cuerpo a producir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt;, pero demasiada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;exposición&lt;/a&gt; a ellos daña la piel. La mayoría de las personas puede obtener la cantidad necesaria de vitamina D con apenas cinco a 15 minutos de exposición al sol dos a tres veces por semana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos de rayos UV. Dos de ellos, UVA y UVB, pueden llegar a la superficie de la tierra y afectar su piel. Usar una cama solar también lo expone a rayos UVA y UVB.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los rayos UVB pueden causar quemaduras de sol. Los rayos UVA pueden afectar más profundamente la piel que los rayos UVB. Cuando su piel se expone a rayos UVA, ésta intenta protegerse de un mayor daño produciendo más melanina, el pigmento de la piel que la vuelve más oscura. Esto es lo que le produce un bronceado. Esto significa que el bronceado es una señal de daño de la piel.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos para la salud del bronceado?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dado que el bronceado significa una exposición excesiva a los rayos UV, puede dañar su piel y causar problemas de salud como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Envejecimiento prematuro de la piel&lt;/b&gt;, lo que puede hacer que su piel se vuelva gruesa, curtida y arrugada. También puede provocar manchas oscuras. Esto ocurre porque la exposición a largo plazo a los rayos UV hace que su piel sea menos elástica. Cuanto más sol tome, más temprano envejecerá su piel&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cáncer de piel&lt;/b&gt;, incluyendo melanoma. Esto puede suceder porque la luz UV daña el ADN de las células de la piel e interfiere con la capacidad de su cuerpo para combatir el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Queratosis actínica&lt;/b&gt;, un parche espeso y escamoso de piel que en general se forma en áreas expuestas al sol, como la cara, el cuero cabelludo, la parte posterior de las manos o el pecho. Puede llegar a ser canceroso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Daño ocular&lt;/b&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;cataratas&lt;/a&gt; y fotoqueratitis (ceguera de la nieve)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/b&gt;, que puede aumentar su sensibilidad a la luz solar, disminuir los efectos de las inmunizaciones y causar reacciones a ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo hacer para proteger mi piel de los rayos UV?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Limite su exposición al sol:&lt;/b&gt; Trate de evitar el sol entre las 10 de la mañana y las cuatro de la tarde, cuando los rayos son más fuertes. Además, recuerde que usted todavía está expuesto al sol los días nublados o cuando está a la sombra&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Use un protector solar con factor de protección solar (FPS) 15 o superior:&lt;/b&gt; También debe ser un protector solar de amplio espectro, lo que significa protección para rayos UVA y UVB. Si tiene piel muy clara, utilice un FPS 30 o superior. Aplique el protector solar entre 20 y 30 minutos antes de salir, y vuelva a aplicarlo al menos cada dos horas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Use gafas de sol que bloqueen rayos UVA y UVB:&lt;/b&gt; Las gafas de sol grandes que cubren los costados de la cara (estilo envolvente) funcionan mejor porque bloquean los rayos UV que entrar por los costados de los anteojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Use un sombrero:&lt;/b&gt; Usted puede obtener la mejor protección con un sombrero de ala ancha hecho de un género como tela o similar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Use ropa protectora:&lt;/b&gt; Ejemplos son camisas de manga larga, pantalones largos y faldas. La ropa hecha de tela firmemente tejida otorga la mejor protección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;También es importante revisar su piel una vez al mes. Si ve alguna mancha nueva o cambiante, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Es el bronceado en interiores más seguro que el bronceado al sol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El bronceado en interiores no es mejor que el bronceado al sol. También lo expone a los rayos UV y daña su piel. Las camas solares usan luz UVA, por lo que le exponen a una mayor concentración de rayos UVA de lo que obtendría al broncearse al sol. Las luces de bronceado también lo exponen a algunos rayos UVB.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas creen que obtener un "bronceado base" en un salón de bronceado puede protegerlo al exponerse al sol. Sin embargo, un "bronceado base" causa daño a la piel y no previene las quemaduras solares.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El bronceado en interiores es particularmente peligroso para los más jóvenes. Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de melanoma si empezó a broncearse en interiores cuando era adolescente o adulto joven.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas investigaciones muestran que el bronceado frecuente incluso puede ser adictivo. Esto puede ser peligroso porque cuanto más seguido se broncea, más daño le hace a su piel.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Hay formas más seguras de lucir un bronceado?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay otras maneras de lucir bronceado, pero no son todas seguras:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Las pastillas de bronceado&lt;/b&gt; tienen un aditivo de color que vuelve la piel naranja después de tomarlas. Pero pueden ser peligrosas y no están aprobadas por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Los bronceadores sin sol&lt;/b&gt; no tienen ningún riesgo conocido de cáncer de piel, pero hay que tener cuidado. La mayoría de los aerosoles, lociones y geles utilizan DHA, un aditivo de color que hace que su piel luzca bronceada. El DHA se considera seguro para su uso en el exterior de su cuerpo por la FDA. Debe asegurarse de que no entre en la nariz, los ojos o la boca. Si utiliza un spray de bronceado, tenga cuidado de no respirar el rocío. Además, recuerde que estos bronceadores no le protegen de los rayos UV al exponerse al sol&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tanning.html" id="6541" language="English">Tanning</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html" id="2149">Cáncer de piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html" id="2150">Enfermedades de la piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html" id="2179">Exposición al sol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html" id="2028">Melanoma</related-topic>
<site title="Autobronceadores sin sol durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evite los peligros del bronceado artificial: Los médicos advierten que el bronceado artificial puede dañar sus ojos tanto como el sol" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/evite-los-peligros-del-bronceado-artificial">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peligros de las camas bronceadoras" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/los-peligros-de-las-camas-bronceadoras/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/the-dangers-of-tanning-beds/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The bronchi are two tubes that carry air to your lungs. Problems with the bronchi include bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and bronchiolitis. Learn more." title="Bronchial Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html" id="5977" language="English" date-created="02/14/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you breathe in, the air travels down through your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html"&gt;trachea&lt;/a&gt; (windpipe). It then goes through two tubes to your lungs. These tubes are your bronchi. Bronchial disorders can make it hard for you to breathe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common problem with the bronchi is bronchitis, an inflammation of the tubes. It can be &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;acute&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;chronic&lt;/a&gt;. Other problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronchiectasis - a condition in which damage to the airways causes them to widen and become flabby and scarred&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercise-induced bronchospasm - a breathing problem that happens when your airways shrink while you are exercising&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronchiolitis - an inflammation of the small airways that branch off from the bronchi&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - a chronic lung condition in infants, most often &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;premature infants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html" id="5978" language="Spanish">Trastornos de los bronquios</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001982">Bronchial Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bronchialdisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html" id="5755">Acute Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2">Asthma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1608">Chronic Bronchitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronchiectasis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Bronchiolitis</see-reference>
<site title="About Flavorings-Related Lung Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/flavoring-related-lung-disease/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, and Lungs" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/bronchi.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiectasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000144.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiectasis" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiectasis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000975.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchiolitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351565?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bronchiolitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquiolitis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchiolitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000007.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis Obliterans" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/bronchiolitis-obliterans?modal=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis: What Parents Should Know" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/bronchiolitis.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchopulmonary dysplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001088.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/displasia-broncopulmonar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchial Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchial+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchiectasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchiectasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchiolitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchiolitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-bronchospasm/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/broncoespasmo-inducido-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postural drainage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchial Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bronchial+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tracheal rupture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001092.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bronchiectasis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchiectasis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La bronquitis es la inflamación de los conductos que llevan aire a los pulmones. Causas, síntomas, tratamiento de bronquitis aguda. " title="Bronquitis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html" id="5756" language="Spanish" date-created="01/19/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La bronquitis es la inflamación de los conductos bronquiales, las vías respiratorias que llevan oxígeno a sus pulmones. Esta causa una tos que en forma frecuente presenta mucosidad. También causa dificultad para respirar, jadeo y presión en el pecho. Existen dos tipos de bronquitis: aguda y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;crónica&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los casos de bronquitis aguda mejora en unos días, pero la tos puede durar varias semanas después de haberse curado la infección.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los mismos virus que causan el resfrío y la gripe pueden causar bronquitis aguda. Estos virus se propagan por el aire cuando alguien tose o a través del contacto físico (por ejemplo, alguien que no se haya lavado las manos). La exposición al humo del cigarrillo, contaminación del aire, polvo y gases también pueden causar bronquitis aguda. Así mismo, las bacterias pueden causar bronquitis aguda, pero no tan seguido como los virus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la bronquitis aguda, el médico le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y escuchará su respiración. Usted también puede tener otras pruebas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento incluye descansar, tomar líquidos y aspirina (para adultos) o acetaminofén para bajar la fiebre. Un humidificador de ambientes puede ayudar. Puede necesitar inhalar medicinas para abrir sus vías respiratorias si tiene jadeo o sibilancias. Los antibióticos no le ayudarán si la causa es un virus. A usted le recetarán antibióticos si la causa es bacteriana. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html" id="5755" language="English">Acute Bronchitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1790">Bronquitis crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832">Resfrío</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3102">Virus respiratorio sincitial</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronquiolitis</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras bronquiolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000007.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquiolitis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bronchiolitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchiolitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/bronquitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis aguda" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquitis-aguda-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/acute-bronchitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001087.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis aguda: ¿Es contagiosa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/expert-answers/acute-bronchitis/faq-20057839?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/expert-answers/acute-bronchitis/faq-20057839?p=1">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis industrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000072.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis plástica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/plastic-bronchitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/plastic-bronchitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Culpables de la tos: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias entre la bronquitis y la neumonía?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-culpables-de-la-tos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/05/cough-culprits">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003723.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje postural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humidificadores y la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002104.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre el resfriado de pecho (bronquitis aguda)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/acute-bronchitis/es/about/informacion-basica-sobre-el-resfriado-de-pecho-bronquitis-aguda.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y aparato respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lungs.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con el oxígeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La bronquitis es la inflamación de los conductos que llevan aire a los pulmones. Síntomas y tratamiento de la bronquitis crónica." title="Bronquitis crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1790" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la bronquitis crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La bronquitis crónica es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica&lt;/a&gt;   (EPOC). La EPOC es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. El otro tipo principal de EPOC es el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html"&gt;enfisema&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero su gravedad puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La bronquitis crónica es la inflamación e irritación de los conductos bronquiales, las vías respiratorias que llevan oxígeno a los alvéolos en sus pulmones. Esta irritación causa acumulación de mucosidad. Los mocos y la irritación de los conductos hace que sea más difícil para sus pulmones inhalar oxígeno y exhalar dióxido de carbono.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la bronquitis crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La causa de la bronquitis crónica suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;humo del cigarrillo&lt;/a&gt; es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar enfisema, especialmente si se inhala.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al enfisema. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt; y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html"&gt;deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina&lt;/a&gt; puede tener un rol en causar bronquitis crónica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de bronquitis crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo para la bronquitis crónica incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fumar&lt;/strong&gt;: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen bronquitis crónica fuman o solían fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: La mayoría de las personas con bronquitis crónica tiene al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores que tienen bronquitis crónica tienen más probabilidades de tenerla si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la bronquitis crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; frecuente o tos que produce mucha mucosidad &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de presión en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con bronquitis crónica contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriados &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. En casos severos, la bronquitis crónica puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;hinchazón &lt;/a&gt; en los tobillos, pies o piernas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la bronquitis crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus antecedentes familiares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía &lt;/a&gt; de tórax o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; y análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la bronquitis crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para la bronquitis crónica, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si es fumador, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar la bronquitis crónica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Solicitar a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; para reducir la inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vacunas contra la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html"&gt; gripe&lt;/a&gt; y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con bronquitis crónica tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxígeno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Se usa si tiene bronquitis crónica severa y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un programa de ejercicios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Capacitación en el manejo de enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asesoramiento nutricional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consejería psicológica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;Trasplante de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: El último recurso para personas con síntomas severos quienes pueden no haberse mejorado con las medicinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene bronquitis crónica, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como fiebre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la bronquitis crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de bronquitis crónica, la mejor manera de prevenirla es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A bruise is a mark on your skin caused by blood trapped under the surface. It happens when an injury crushes small blood vessels but does not break the skin. Those vessels break open and leak blood under the skin. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bruises are often painful and swollen. You can get skin, muscle and bone bruises. Bone bruises are the most serious.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can take months for a bruise to fade, but most last about two weeks. They start off a reddish color, and then turn bluish-purple and greenish-yellow before returning to normal. To reduce bruising, ice the injured area and elevate it above your heart. See your health care provider if you seem to bruise for no reason, or if the bruise appears to be infected.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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</site>
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</site>
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<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bruising Questions: The What, Why, and How of Bruises" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/bruising-questions" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/preguntas-sobre-moretones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Contusions" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Contusions%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Easy Bruising: Why Does It Happen" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
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</site>
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<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bruises" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Contusions%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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</site>
<site title="Quadriceps Contusion" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/quad-contusions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/quad-contusions.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subconjunctival Hemorrhage (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/subconjunctival-hemorrhage.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/subconjunctival-hemorrhage.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<site title="What's a Bruise?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bruise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bruise.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bullying is when a person or group repeatedly harms someone on purpose. Cyberbullying is bullying that happens through text messages or online. Both can cause lasting harm. Learn the signs of bullying, and how to help a child who is being bullied." title="Bullying and Cyberbullying" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4026" language="English" date-created="12/06/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is bullying?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bullying is when a person or group repeatedly harms someone on purpose. It can be physical, social, and/or verbal. It is harmful to both the victims and the bullies, and it always involves:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aggressive behavior.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A difference in power,&lt;/strong&gt; meaning that the victim is weaker or is seen as weaker. For example, bullies may try to use physical strength, embarrassing information, or popularity to harm others.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Repetition,&lt;/strong&gt; meaning it happens more than once or that it probably will happen again&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of bullying?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of bullying:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical bullying&lt;/strong&gt; involves hurting a person's body or belongings. Examples include hitting, kicking, and stealing or breaking someone's stuff.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Social bullying&lt;/strong&gt; (also called relational bullying) hurts someone's reputation or relationships. Some examples are spreading rumors, embarrassing someone in public, and making someone feel left out.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Verbal bullying&lt;/strong&gt; is saying or writing mean things, including name-calling, taunting, and threatening&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is cyberbullying?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cyberbullying is bullying that happens through text messages or online. It could be through emails, social media, forums, or gaming. Some examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Posting rumors on social media&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sharing embarrassing pictures or videos online&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sharing someone else's private information online (doxing)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making threats against someone online&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Creating fake accounts and posting information to embarrass someone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain types of cyberbullying can be illegal. The laws on cyberbullying are different from state to state.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is cyberbullying different from bullying?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cyberbullying is a type of bullying, but there are some differences between the two. Cyberbullying can be:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anonymous&lt;/strong&gt; - people can hide their identities when they are online or using a cell phone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persistent&lt;/strong&gt; - people can send messages instantly, at any time of the day or night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Permanent&lt;/strong&gt; - a lot of electronic communication is permanent and public, unless it's reported and removed. A bad online reputation can affect getting into college, getting a job, and other areas of life. This applies to the bully as well.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hard to notice&lt;/strong&gt; - teachers and parents may not overhear or see cyberbullying taking place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which children are more likely to be bullied?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children are more likely to be bullied if they:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are seen as different from their peers, such as being overweight or underweight, dressing differently, or being of a different race/ethnicity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are seen as weak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, or low self-esteem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't have many friends or are less popular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't socialize well with others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an intellectual or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;developmental disability&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which children are more likely to be bullies?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two types of children who are more likely to bully others:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children who are well-connected to peers, have social power, are overly worried about popularity, and like to be in charge of others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children who are more isolated from peers, may be depressed or anxious, have low self-esteem, are easily pressured by peers, and have trouble understanding other people's feelings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are certain factors that make someone more likely to be a bully. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being aggressive or easily frustrated&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having trouble at home, such as violence or bullying in the home or having uninvolved parents&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having trouble following rules&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seeing violence positively&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having friends who bully others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the effects of bullying?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bullying is a serious problem that causes harm. And it doesn't just hurt the person who is being bullied; it can also be harmful for the bullies and for any kids who witness the bullying.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kids who are bullied&lt;/strong&gt; can have problems at school and with their mental and physical health. They are at risk for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. These problems sometimes last into adulthood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Health complaints, including headaches and stomachaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower grades and test scores&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Missing and dropping out of school&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kids who bully others&lt;/strong&gt; have a higher risk for substance use, problems in school, and violence later in life.

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kids who witness bullying&lt;/strong&gt; are more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol and have mental health problems. They may also miss or skip school.

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs of being bullied?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, kids who are being bullied don't report it. They may fear a backlash from the bully, or they may think that no one cares. Sometimes they feel too ashamed to talk about it. So it is important to know the signs of a bullying problem:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Depression, loneliness, or anxiety&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low self-esteem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches, stomachaches, or poor eating habits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disliking school, not wanting to go to school, or getting worse grades than before&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Self-destructive behaviors, such as running away from home, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html"&gt;harming themselves&lt;/a&gt;, or talking about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unexplained injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lost or destroyed clothing, books, electronics, or jewelry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble sleeping&lt;/a&gt; or frequent nightmares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden loss of friends or avoidance of social situations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do you help someone who is being bullied?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To help a child who is being bullied, support the child and address the bullying behavior:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Listen and focus on the child.&lt;/strong&gt; Learn what's been going on and show you want to help.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Assure the child that bullying is not his/her fault&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know that kids who are bullied may struggle with talking about it.&lt;/strong&gt; Consider referring them to a school counselor, psychologist, or other mental health service.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Give advice about what to do.&lt;/strong&gt; This may involve role-playing and thinking through how the child might react if the bullying occurs again.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Work together to resolve the situation and protect the bullied child.&lt;/strong&gt; The child, parents, and school or organization should be part of the solution.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Follow up.&lt;/strong&gt; Bullying may not end overnight. Make sure that the child knows that you are committed to making it stop.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make sure that the bully knows that his or her behavior is wrong and harms others&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Show kids that bullying is taken seriously.&lt;/strong&gt; Make it clear to everyone that the bullying will not be tolerated.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Department of Health and Human Services&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4027" language="Spanish">Intimidación y ciberacoso</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058445">Bullying</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000077224">Cyberbullying</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/bullyingandcyberbullying.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162">Child Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schoolhealth.html" id="3612">School Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637">Teen Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenviolence.html" id="1358">Teen Violence</related-topic>
<site title="Addressing Childhood Bullying: When Peer Aggression Goes Too Far" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/09/addressing-childhood-bullying" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/abordar-el-acoso-infantil">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bullying" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bullying" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/espanol/salud/temas/bullying/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bullying and LGBTQI+ Youth" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/lgbtq" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkmj/lgbtq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bullying and Youth with Disabilities and Special Health Needs" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/special-needs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkr9/necesidades-especiales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bullying Laws, Policies, and Regulations" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/laws">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aggression" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aggression%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bullying" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bullying%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cyberbullying (for Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cyberbullying.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cyberbullying.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cyberbullying (for Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cyberbullying.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cyberbullying.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Bullies (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bullies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bullies.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Kids Deal with Bullies" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bullies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bullies.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Does Bullying Affect Health and Well-Being?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bullying/conditioninfo/health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bullying/informacion/afecta">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Websites and Apps Collect and Use Your Information" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-websites-and-apps-collect-and-use-your-information" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/como-recolectan-y-usan-su-informacion-los-sitios-web-y-las-aplicaciones">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Socializing Online" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/kids-socializing-online" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/ninos-y-redes-sociales-en-internet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevent Cyberbullying" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/prevention" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-por-internet-1zqb/prevenci%c3%b3n">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Kids Online" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/identity-theft-and-online-security/protecting-kids-online" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/robo-de-identidad-y-seguridad-en-linea/proteja-los-ninos-en-internet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Your Child's Privacy Online" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/protecting-your-childs-privacy-online" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/como-proteger-la-privacidad-de-su-hijo-en-internet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bullying" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cyberbullying%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Bullying%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Report Cyberbullying" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/how-to-report" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-por-internet-365l/cómo-denunciar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sextortion: What Kids and Caregivers Need to Know" url="https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/safety-resources/scams-and-safety/common-scams-and-crimes/sextortion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Bureau of Investigation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Harassment" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/harassment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/harassment.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teaching Kids Not to Bully" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bullying.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bullying.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warning Signs for Bullying" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/warning-signs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkis/se%c3%b1ales-de-advertencia">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Bullying?" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/what-is-bullying" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/qué-es-el-acoso/346k/índice.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Cyberbullying?" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-por-internet-1yqc/qu%c3%a9-es">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A burn is damage to your body's tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation. Read about the different types and treatments." title="Burns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html" id="176" language="English" date-created="06/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A burn is damage to your body's tissues caused by heat, chemicals, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html"&gt;electricity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sunlight&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt;. Scalds from hot liquids and steam, building fires and flammable liquids and gases are the most common causes of burns. Another kind is an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html"&gt;inhalation injury&lt;/a&gt;, caused by breathing smoke.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of burns:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;First-degree burns damage only the outer layer of skin &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Second-degree burns damage the outer layer and the layer underneath&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Third-degree burns damage or destroy the deepest layer of skin and tissues underneath&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Burns can cause swelling, blistering, scarring and, in serious cases, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt;, and even death. They also can lead to infections because they damage your skin's protective barrier. Treatment for burns depends on the cause of the burn, how deep it is, and how much of the body it covers. Antibiotic creams can prevent or treat infections.  For more serious burns, treatment may be needed to clean the wound, replace the skin, and make sure the patient has enough fluids and nutrition.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of General Medical Sciences&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html" id="1791" language="Spanish">Quemaduras</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002056">Burns</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/Pages/default.aspx">National Institute of General Medical Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html" id="6280">Electrical Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/firesafety.html" id="536">Fire Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html" id="6081">Inhalation Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html" id="4604">Wildfires</related-topic>
<site title="Aloe Vera" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American College of Emergency Physicians" url="https://www.acep.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avoiding Injuries from Super-Heated Water in Microwave Ovens" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/resources-you-radiation-emitting-products/microwave-ovens#Avoiding_Injuries">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blisters: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/ART-20056691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burn and Scald Prevention" url="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/burn_and_scald_prevention_flyer.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>United States Fire Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burn Evaluation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/burn-evaluation/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-quemaduras/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burn Incidence and Treatment in the U.S." url="https://ameriburn.org/resources/burn-incidence-fact-sheet/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Burn Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burn Prevention for Families with Children with Special Needs" url="https://www.safekids.org/video/burn-prevention-families-children-special-needs">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Safe Kids Worldwide</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burn Safety Awareness on Playgrounds: Thermal Burns from Playground Equipment" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/3200.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burn Treatment &amp; Prevention Tips for Families" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Treating-and-Preventing-Burns.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/treating-and-preventing-burns.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000030.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burns" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/burns">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burns (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burns.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burns.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical burn or reaction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Burns: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/ART-20056667?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/art-20056667?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Burns" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Burns%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrical Burns: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/ART-20056687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fire and Burn Injuries Among Children in 2020" url="https://www.safekids.org/sites/default/files/documents/2022_fire_and_burn_fast_facts.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Safe Kids Worldwide</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fireworks Safety" url="https://www.nfpa.org/downloadable-resources/safety-tip-sheets/fireworks-safety-tips">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Fire Protection Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Burns" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burns-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burns-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Help a Person with a Serious Burn Injury" url="https://www.phoenix-society.org/resources/how-to-help-a-person-with-a-serious-burn-injury">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Phoenix Society for Burn Survivors</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minor burn - first aid - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100213_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100213_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minor burns - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000662.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Burns in Your Home" url="https://familydoctor.org/burns-preventing-burns-in-your-home/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/quemaduras-como-prevenirlas-en-su-casa/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burns" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Burns%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scald Burns" url="https://burninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ScaldBurns-factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Burn Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin graft" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002982.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin graft - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100100_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100100_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Do I Need in My First Aid Kit?" url="https://familydoctor.org/what-do-i-need-in-my-first-aid-kit/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-necesito-en-mi-botiquin-de-primeros-auxilios/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Getting Warm Goes Wrong: How to Prevent and Treat Burns" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/burns-how-to-treat-and-prevent" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/quemaduras-como-tratar-y-prevenir">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bursitis is inflammation of fluid sacs between your joints. Bursitis symptoms include pain and swelling. Learn about how to relieve bursitis symptoms." title="Bursitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html" id="1230" language="English" date-created="07/18/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving parts, such as muscles, tendons, or skin. Bursitis occurs when a bursa becomes inflamed. People get bursitis by overusing a joint. It can also be caused by an injury. It usually occurs at the knee or elbow. Kneeling or leaning your elbows on a hard surface for a long time can make bursitis start. Doing the same kinds of movements every day or putting stress on joints increases your risk.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of bursitis include pain and swelling. Your doctor will diagnose bursitis with a physical exam and tests such as x-rays and MRIs. He or she may also take fluid from the swollen area to be sure the problem isn't an infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment of bursitis includes rest, pain medicines, or ice. If there is no improvement, your doctor may inject a drug into the area around the swollen bursa. If the joint still does not improve after 6 to 12 months, you may need surgery to repair damage and relieve pressure on the bursa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html" id="1792" language="Spanish">Bursitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002062">Bursitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287">Hip Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304">Knee Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html" id="1618">Tendinitis</related-topic>
<site title="American College of Rheumatology" url="https://rheumatology.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beating Bursitis: Take Care of Your Joint Cushions" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/06/beating-bursitis" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-combatir-la-bursitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bursitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bursitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis of the heel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001073.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis of the Hip" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bursitis-of-the-hip/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bursitis-de-la-cadera-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow (Olecranon) Bursitis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/elbow-olecranon-bursitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Greater trochanteric pain syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint and Soft Tissue Injections" url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint Injections (Joint Aspirations)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Bursitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-bursitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355501?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/knee-bursitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355501?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bursitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sports Injuries" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sports-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-deportivas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis (Bursitis)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis-espanol">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La bursitis es la inflamación de la bursa, una bolsa llena de líquido ubicada en las articulaciones. Causas, síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Bursitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html" id="1792" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Inflamación de la bursa</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una bursa es una bolsa pequeña que protege y amortigua los huesos y otras partes del cuerpo como los músculos, tendones o piel. La inflamación de la bursa se llama bursitis y se produce cuando se usa demasiado una articulación o por una lesión. Generalmente, se presenta en las rodillas o codos. Arrodillarse o apoyar los codos en una superficie dura por mucho tiempo puede desencadenar una bursitis. También, usar una articulación para hacer el mismo movimiento una y otra vez, puede agregar tensión e incrementar el riesgo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la bursitis incluyen dolor e hinchazón. El doctor puede diagnosticarla con un examen físico y otros exámenes como rayos X y resonancias magnéticas. También puede tomar muestras de fluidos (líquidos) del área inflamada para descartar una infección.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general la bursitis puede tratarse con reposo, hielo o medicinas. Si esto no ayuda, el doctor puede decidir inyectar un medicamento localizado, en el área alrededor de la bursa inflamada. Si aún así la bursitis no mejora dentro de los 6 a 12 meses, puede ser necesaria una cirugía para reparar el daño a los nervios y aliviar la presión sobre la bursa.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html" id="1230" language="English">Bursitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html" id="2249">Tendinitis</related-topic>
<site title="Bursitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000419.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bursitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bursitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis de cadera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bursitis-de-la-cadera-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bursitis-of-the-hip/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis de la rodilla" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/knee-bursitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355501?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-bursitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355501?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis retrocalcánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001073.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bursitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353247?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo combatir la bursitis: Cuide las almohadillas de las articulaciones" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-combatir-la-bursitis" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/06/beating-bursitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones (aspiraciones) articulares" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones en las articulaciones y en los tejidos blandos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome doloroso del trocánter mayor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis (bursitis)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido musculoesquelético" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El bypass de arteria coronaria es una cirugía que crea un nuevo camino o desvío en una arteria bloqueada para que la sangre llegue al corazón." title="Bypass de la arteria coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Bypass</also-called>
<also-called>Cirugía de derivación cardíaca</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; (EAC), las arterias que suministran sangre y oxígeno al músculo cardíaco se endurecen y se estrechan. Puede seguir tratamientos como cambios en el estilo de vida, medicamentos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplastía&lt;/a&gt;, un procedimiento para abrir las arterias. Si estos tratamientos no funcionan, es posible que necesite un bypass de arteria coronaria. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirugía crea un nuevo camino para que la sangre llegue al corazón. El cirujano toma un tramo sano de una vena de la pierna o una arteria del pecho o la muñeca. Luego lo une a la arteria coronaria por encima y por debajo del área estrecha o bloqueada. Eso permite que la sangre evite el bloqueo y siga su camino. Algunas personas necesitan más de un bypass.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los resultados de la cirugía son a menudo excelentes. Muchas personas se mantienen sin síntomas por muchos años. Es posible que necesite una cirugía de nuevo si bloqueos posteriores se forman en las arterias o venas injertadas o en las arterias que no estaban bloqueadas en el pasado. Cambios en el estilo de vida y medicamentos pueden ayudar a que las arterias no se bloqueen de nuevo. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202" language="English">Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" id="3168">Angioplastía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html" id="4120">Cirugías de corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<see-reference>CABG</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cirugía de derivación cardíaca</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de revascularización coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000102.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de revascularización coronaria mínimamente invasiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000103.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía coronaria por TC (ACTC)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocoroct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bypass coronario" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/bypass-coronario/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/coronary-artery-bypass/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de derivación cardiaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000065.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de derivación cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100190_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100190_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de revascularización cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002946.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de revascularización coronaria mínimamente invasiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007012.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: ¿Angioplastia o cirugía de bypass?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/faq-20058302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/FAQ-20058302?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="C. diff or C. difficile is a bacterium that causes diarrhea. You are more likely to get C. diff if you take antibiotics or are an older adult." title="C. diff Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html" id="4617" language="English" date-created="05/06/2008">
<also-called>Clostridioides difficile infections</also-called>
<also-called>Clostridium difficile Infections</also-called>
<also-called>Clostridium enterocolitis</also-called>
<also-called>Pseudomembranous colitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; is a bacterium that can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt; and more serious intestinal conditions such as colitis. You may see it called other names, such as &lt;em&gt;Clostridioides difficile&lt;/em&gt; (the new name), &lt;em&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/em&gt; (an older name), and &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt;icile. It causes close to half a million illnesses each year.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What causes &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; bacteria are commonly found in the environment, but people usually only get &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections when they are taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. That's because antibiotics not only wipe out bad germs, but they also kill the good germs that protect your body against infections. The effect of antibiotics can last as long as several months. If you come in contact with &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; germs during this time, you can get sick. You are more likely to get a &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infection if you take antibiotics for more than a week.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; spreads when people touch food, surfaces, or objects that are contaminated with feces (poop) from a person who has &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get a &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infection?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are at more likely to get a &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infection if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are taking antibiotics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are 65 or older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recently stayed in a hospital or nursing home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a weakened immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a previous infection with &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; or were exposed to it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrhea (loose, watery stools) or frequent bowel movements for several days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stomach tenderness or pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Severe diarrhea causes you to lose a lot of fluids. This can put you at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How are &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of a &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infection, you should see your health care provider. Your provider will ask about your symptoms and do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/"&gt;lab test of your stool&lt;/a&gt;. In some cases, you might also need an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging test&lt;/a&gt; such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; to check for complications.&lt;/p&gt;	


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain antibiotics can treat &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections. If you were already taking a different antibiotic when you got &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt;, your provider may ask you to stop taking that one.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a severe case, you may need to stay in the hospital. If you have very severe pain or serious complications, you may need surgery to remove the diseased part of your colon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About 1 in 6 people who have had a &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infection will get it again within the following 2 to 8 weeks. This is called recurrent &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt;. It could be that your original infection came back or that you have a new infection. Contact your provider if your symptoms come back. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For people who keep getting &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections, treatments such as fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) have shown promising results. FMT uses stool (or bacteria from stool) from a healthy donor to try to restore the balance of healthy bacteria in your intestines.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Can &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to try to prevent getting or spreading &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your hands with soap and water after you use the bathroom and before you eat.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;If you have diarrhea, clean the bathroom that you used before anyone else uses it. Use bleach mixed with water or another disinfectant to clean the toilet seat, handle, and lid.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Health care providers can also help prevent &lt;em&gt;C. diff&lt;/em&gt; infections by taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html"&gt;infection control&lt;/a&gt; precautions and improving how they prescribe antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cdiffinfections.html" id="4618" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Clostridium difficile</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016360">Clostridioides difficile</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004761">Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cdiffinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Clostridioides difficile infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Clostridium difficile infections</see-reference>
<site title="Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="C. diff (Clostridioides difficile)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="C. Diff Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-diff-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-c-difficile/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Clostridioides difficile" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Clostridioides+difficile%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Enterocolitis,+Pseudomembranous%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clostridium difficile" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Clostridium-difficile.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/clostridium-difficile.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clostridium difficile (C. diff.) Infection" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/clostridium-difficile-c-diff-infection/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-clostridium-difficile-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal microbiota transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007703.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-usefulness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudomembranous colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000259.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pseudomembranous Colitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudomembranous-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351434?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="C. diff Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Clostridioides+difficile%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Enterocolitis%2C+Pseudomembranous%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stool C difficile toxin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003590.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Test: C. Difficile Toxin (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-difficile.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-difficile.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchas personas difrutan del café o del té, pero ¿qué beneficios o riesgos presenta el consumo de cafeína? " title="Cafeína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html" id="1793" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la cafeína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cafeína es una sustancia amarga que se encuentra naturalmente en más de 60 plantas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Granos de café&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hojas de té&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;  Nueces de cola, que se usan para el sabor de las bebidas de cola &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vainas de cacao, que se utilizan para hacer productos de chocolate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También existe la cafeína sintética (hecha por el hombre), que se añade a algunos medicamentos, alimentos y bebidas. Por ejemplo, algunos analgésicos, medicamentos para el resfrío y medicamentos de venta libre para la concentración contienen cafeína sintética. Lo mismo con bebidas energéticas y productos para "aumentar la energía".&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de la cafeína que consumen las personas proviene de las bebidas. Las cantidades de cafeína en diferentes bebidas pueden variar mucho, pero generalmente contienen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una taza de café de ocho onzas: 95-200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una lata de bebida cola de 12 onzas: 35-45 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una bebida energética de ocho onzas: 70-100 mg &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una taza de té de ocho onzas: 14-60 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos de la cafeína en el cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cafeína tiene muchos efectos sobre el metabolismo de su cuerpo. Esta:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estimula el sistema nervioso central, lo que puede hacer que usted se sienta más despierto y le dará un impulso de energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es un diurético, lo que significa que ayuda al cuerpo a deshacerse de agua y sal extra al orinar más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumenta la liberación de ácido en el estómago, lo que a veces conduce a malestar estomacal o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;acidez&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede interferir con la absorción de calcio en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumenta la presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cafeína alcanza su nivel máximo en la sangre dentro de una hora después de consumirla. Usted puede seguir sintiendo los efectos de la cafeína por cuatro a seis horas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de consumir demasiada cafeína?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las personas, no es dañino consumir hasta 400 mg de cafeína al día. Si usted consume demasiada cafeína, puede causar problemas de salud, como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inquietud y temblores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;Insomnio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ritmo cardíaco rápido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;Deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dependencia, por lo que necesita tomar más de ella para obtener el mismo efecto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas son más sensibles a los efectos de la cafeína que otras.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las bebidas energéticas y por qué pueden ser un problema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las bebidas energéticas son refrescos a los que se les han añadido cafeína. La cantidad de cafeína en las bebidas energéticas puede variar ampliamente, ya que a veces su etiqueta de información nutricional no entrega la cantidad real de cafeína que contiene. Las bebidas energéticas también pueden contener azúcares, vitaminas, hierbas y suplementos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las compañías que producen bebidas energéticas afirman que éstas pueden aumentar el estado de alerta y mejorar el rendimiento físico y mental. Esto ha beneficiado su popularidad entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes estadounidenses. Existe escasa evidencia que demuestre que las bebidas energéticas pueden mejorar temporalmente el estado de alerta y la resistencia física. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay pruebas suficientes para demostrar que aumentan la fuerza o potencia. Pero lo que sí se sabe es que las bebidas energéticas pueden ser peligrosas porque contienen grandes cantidades de cafeína. Y como contienen mucha azúcar, pueden contribuir al aumento de peso y empeorar la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces los jóvenes mezclan las bebidas energéticas con alcohol. Es peligroso combinar alcohol y cafeína. La cafeína puede interferir con su capacidad de reconocer lo borracho que está, lo que puede llevar a beber más. Esto también hace más probable el tomar malas decisiones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién debe evitar o limitar la cafeína?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debe consultar con su proveedor de atención médica si debe limitar o evitar la cafeína si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;embarazada&lt;/a&gt;, ya que la cafeína pasa a través de la placenta a su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;amamantando&lt;/a&gt;, ya que incluso una pequeña cantidad de cafeína que consuma pasa a su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;problemas del sueño&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo insomnio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html"&gt;migrañas&lt;/a&gt; u otros dolores de cabeza crónicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlcera&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmia&lt;/a&gt; (un problema con los latidos o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Toma ciertos medicamentos o suplementos, incluyendo estimulantes, ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, medicamentos para el asma y medicamentos para el corazón. Consulte con su proveedor de atención médica si puede haber interacciones entre la cafeína y los medicamentos y suplementos que toma &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es un niño o adolescente. Ninguno de los dos debe tomar tanta cafeína como los adultos. Los niños pueden ser especialmente sensibles a los efectos de la cafeína&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la abstinencia de la cafeína?&lt;/h3&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si usted ha estado consumiendo cafeína de manera regular y luego para de repente, puede tener abstinencia de la cafeína. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Somnolencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Náusea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para concentrarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos síntomas suelen desaparecer después de un par de días.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html" id="1456" language="English">Caffeine</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Al grano: ¿cuánta cafeína es demasiada?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/al-grano-cuanta-cafeina-es-demasiada" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bebidas energéticas" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/bebidas-energizantes/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cafeína en el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-cafeina-en-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/caffeine-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cafeína en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002445.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cafeína y su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/child-caffeine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/child-caffeine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cafeína: ¿Cómo afecta la presión arterial?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058543?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058543?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cafeína: ¿Qué cantidad es excesiva?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contenido de cafeína del café, el té, las gaseosas y más" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20049372?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20049372?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estoy intentando bajar de peso. ¿Debo dejar de beber café?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/expert-answers/calories/faq-20058100?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/expert-answers/caffeine/faq-20058459?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de cafeína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002579.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verdad sobre las bebidas energizantes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/la-verdad-sobre-las-bebidas-energizantes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/truth-energy-drinks/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cafeinado o cansado? La cafeína y su cerebro" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cafeinado-o-cansado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/10/tired-or-wired">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people enjoy a cup of coffee or tea to give them a boost. But is it safe? Learn more about caffeine. " title="Caffeine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html" id="1456" language="English" date-created="04/11/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is caffeine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Caffeine is a bitter substance that occurs naturally in more than 60 plants including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coffee beans&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tea leaves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kola nuts, which are used to flavor soft drink colas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cacao pods, which are used to make chocolate products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also synthetic (man-made) caffeine, which is added to some medicines, foods, and drinks. For example, some pain relievers, cold medicines, and over-the-counter medicines for alertness contain synthetic caffeine. So do energy drinks and "energy-boosting" gums and snacks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people consume caffeine from drinks. The amount of caffeine in different drinks can vary a lot, but it is generally:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An 8-ounce cup of coffee: 95-200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A 12-ounce can of cola: 35-45 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An 8-ounce energy drink: 70-100 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An 8-ounce cup of tea: 14-60 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are caffeine's effects on the body?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Caffeine has many effects on your body's metabolism. It:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stimulates your central nervous system, which can make you feel more awake and give you a boost of energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Is a diuretic, meaning that it helps your body get rid of extra salt and water by urinating more&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increases the release of acid in your stomach, sometimes leading to an upset stomach or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;heartburn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May interfere with the absorption of calcium in the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increases your blood pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Within one hour of eating or drinking caffeine, it reaches its peak level in your blood. You may continue to feel the effects of caffeine for four to six hours.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the side effects from too much caffeine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For most people, it is not harmful to consume up to 400mg of caffeine a day. If you do eat or drink too much caffeine, it can cause health problems, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Restlessness and shakiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;Insomnia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fast heart rate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;Dehydration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dependency, so you need to take more of it to get the same results&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine than others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are energy drinks, and why can they be a problem?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Energy drinks are beverages that have added caffeine. The amount of caffeine in energy drinks can vary widely, and sometimes the labels on the drinks do not give you the actual amount of caffeine in them. Energy drinks may also contain sugars, vitamins, herbs, and supplements.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Companies that make energy drinks claim that the drinks can increase alertness and improve physical and mental performance. This has helped make the drinks popular with American teens and young adults. There's limited data showing that energy drinks might temporarily improve alertness and physical endurance. There is not enough evidence to show that they enhance strength or power. But what we do know is that energy drinks can be dangerous because they have large amounts of caffeine. And since they have lots of sugar, they can contribute to weight gain and worsen diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes young people mix their energy drinks with alcohol. It is dangerous to combine alcohol and caffeine. Caffeine can interfere with your ability to recognize how drunk you are, which can lead you to drink more. This also makes you more likely to make bad decisions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who should avoid or limit caffeine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You should check with your health care provider about whether you should limit or avoid caffeine if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;, since caffeine passes through the placenta to your baby.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;breastfeeding&lt;/a&gt;, since a small amount of caffeine that you consume is passed along to your baby.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorders&lt;/a&gt;, including insomnia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html"&gt;migraines&lt;/a&gt; or other chronic headaches.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have anxiety.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;ulcers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take certain medicines or supplements, including stimulants, certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, asthma medicines, and heart medicines. Check with your health care provider about whether there might be interactions between caffeine and any medicines and supplements that you take.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a child or teen. Neither should have as much caffeine as adults. Children can be especially sensitive to the effects of caffeine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is caffeine withdrawal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have been consuming caffeine on a regular basis and then suddenly stop, you may have caffeine withdrawal. Symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drowsiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble concentrating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These symptoms usually go away after a couple of days.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html" id="1793" language="Spanish">Cafeína</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002110">Caffeine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="Benefits of Coffee" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/benefits-of-coffee">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/child-caffeine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/child-caffeine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine and Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/caffeine-and-migraine/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine in Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/caffeine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-cafeina/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine in the diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002445.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002579.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine: How Does It Affect Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058543?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058543?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine: How Much Is Too Much?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20045678?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Caffeine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=caffeine&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Effects of Mixing Alcohol and Caffeine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/about-alcohol-use/alcohol-caffeine.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and Healthy Eating: Caffeine" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20049372?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20049372?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Caffeine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spilling the Beans: How Much Caffeine is Too Much?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/al-grano-cuanta-cafeina-es-demasiada">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tired or Wired? Caffeine and Your Brain" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/10/tired-or-wired" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cafeinado-o-cansado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Truth about Energy Drinks" url="https://familydoctor.org/truth-energy-drinks/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/la-verdad-sobre-las-bebidas-energizantes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los calambres son espasmos musculares que pueden causar dolor y pueden afectar a diferentes partes del cuerpo. Cómo calmar el dolor. " title="Calambre muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html" id="2279" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los calambres musculares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los calambres musculares son contracciones o espasmos súbitos, involuntarios en uno o más músculos. Son muy comunes y a menudo ocurren después del ejercicio. Algunas personas tienen calambres musculares, especialmente en las piernas, por la noche. Pueden ser dolorosos y durar de unos segundos a varios minutos.
Puede tener calambres en cualquier músculo, pero ocurren con mayor frecuencia en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Muslos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Manos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Brazos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A lo largo de su caja torácica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de los calambres musculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de los calambres musculares incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tensar u ocupar demasiado un músculo. Esta es la causa más común&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Compresión de los nervios, por problemas como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;lesión de la médula espinal&lt;/a&gt; o un nervio pinzado en el cuello o la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;Deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Bajos niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;electrolitos&lt;/a&gt; como magnesio, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html"&gt;potasio&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Músculos con poca irrigación sanguínea&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Someterse a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces la causa de los calambres musculares no se conoce.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener calambres musculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede sufrir calambres musculares, pero son más comunes en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con sobrepeso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Atletas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Mujeres embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con ciertas afecciones médicas, como enfermedades de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;nerviosas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo es necesario  ver a un profesional de la salud por calambres musculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los calambres musculares son inofensivos y desaparecen después de unos minutos. Pero debe contactar a su profesional de la salud si los calambres:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Son severos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ocurren a menudo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No mejoran con estiramientos y beber suficiente líquido&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Duran mucho tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vienen acompañados de hinchazón, enrojecimiento o sensación de calor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Están acompañados de debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos de los calambres musculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, no necesita tratamiento para los calambres musculares. Es posible que pueda encontrar alivio de los calambres al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estirar o masajear suavemente el músculo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aplicar calor cuando el músculo está tenso y hielo cuando el músculo le duele&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beber más líquidos si está deshidratado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si la causa de los calambres es otro problema de salud, es probable que tratar el problema específico ayude. Existen medicamentos que los proveedores a veces recetan para prevenir los calambres, pero no siempre son efectivos y pueden causar efectos secundarios. Hable con su proveedor sobre los riesgos y beneficios de estos medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se pueden prevenir los calambres musculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir los calambres musculares, usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estirar los músculos, especialmente antes de hacer ejercicio. Si tiene calambres en las piernas por la noche, estire los músculos de las piernas antes de acostarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beba muchos líquidos. Si hace ejercicio intenso o hace ejercicio cuando hace calor, las bebidas deportivas pueden ayudarle a reemplazar los electrolitos perdidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html" id="1707" language="English">Muscle Cramps</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Espasmos musculares</see-reference>
<site title="Calambre muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002066.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calambres al amamantar a su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Paginas/Nursing-Cramps.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calambres en las piernas (y el cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/dolor/calambres-en-las-piernas.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calambres musculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003193.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calambres nocturnos en las piernas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/night-leg-cramps/basics/definition/sym-20050813?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/night-leg-cramps/basics/definition/SYM-20050813?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de toxina botulínica para espasmos musculares" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus músculos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/muscles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/muscles.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Usted necesita calcio por muchos motivos. Entérese sobre las mejores fuentes de calcio en los alimentos. " title="Calcio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html" id="2781" language="Spanish" date-created="10/24/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el calcio y por qué lo necesito?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El calcio es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;mineral&lt;/a&gt;, un nutriente que usted necesita (en cantidades pequeñas) para mantener su cuerpo sano. Usted tiene más calcio en su cuerpo que cualquier otro mineral.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;El calcio tiene muchas funciones importantes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desarrollar y mantener huesos sanos. Su cuerpo almacena casi todo su calcio en los huesos y dientes para mantenerlos fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a sus músculos a moverse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a los nervios a llevar mensajes entre su cerebro y el resto de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a sus vasos sanguíneos a llevar la sangre a través de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a liberar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; que afectan muchas funciones de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No consumir suficiente calcio puede causar afecciones serias, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, una afección que hace que sus huesos se debiliten y tengan más probabilidades de romperse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html"&gt;Raquitismo&lt;/a&gt;, una afección en niños que causa huesos suaves y débiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Osteomalacia, una afección que causa huesos suaves en niños y adultos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo obtener calcio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede obtener calcio de alimentos y suplementos. Usted puede obtener suficiente calcio al comer una variedad de alimentos, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Productos lácteos como leche, queso y yogur. Estas son las principales fuentes de calcio para la mayoría de las personas en los Estados Unidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vegetales de hojas verdes, como col rizada, brócoli, repollo chino (bok choi)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pescado con huesos suaves que puede comer, como sardinas y salmón enlatados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alimentos enriquecidos con calcio, como cereales para el desayuno, jugos de fruta, bebidas de soya y arroz y tofu. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html"&gt;etiquetas de los productos&lt;/a&gt; de estos alimentos le mostrarán cuánto calcio contienen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El calcio está disponible en suplementos. También se incluye con muchos multivitamínicos. Las dos formas principales de suplementos de calcio son el carbonato de calcio y citrato de calcio:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Carbonato de calcio&lt;/strong&gt; se absorbe mejor cuando se toma con alimento. Algunos antiácidos que se venden sin receta médica, como Tums y Rolaids, también contienen carbonato de calcio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Citrato de calcio&lt;/strong&gt; se absorbe mejor con el estómago vacío o el estómago lleno. Las personas con niveles bajos de ácido estomacal absorben el citrato de calcio más fácilmente que el carbonato de calcio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El calcio se absorbe mejor cuando toma 500 mg o menos a la vez. Si está tomando más de esta cantidad a diario, tome una dosis más pequeña dos veces al día en lugar de tomarlo todo a la vez.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Los suplementos de calcio pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt;, hinchazón y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt; en algunas personas. Si usted tiene algunos de estos síntomas, puede intentar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dividir su dosis de calcio durante el día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomarlo durante las comidas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambiar la forma en que toma el calcio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánto calcio necesito tomar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cantidad de calcio que usted necesita depende de su edad y otros factores.  La cantidad recomendada en miligramos (mg) son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Del nacimiento a 6 meses: 200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infantes de 7 a 12 meses: 260 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños de 1 a 3 años: 700 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños de 4 a 8 años: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños de 9 a 13 años: 1,300 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adolescentes de 14 a 18 años: 1,300 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 19 a 50 años: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hombres adultos de 51 a 70 años: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres adultas de 51 a 70 años: 1,200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 71 años o más: 1,200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adolescentes embarazadas y en lactancia: 1,300 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultas embarazadas y en lactancia: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertas personas pueden tener problemas para obtener suficiente calcio, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños y adolescentes de 4 a 18 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que son afrodescendientes o asiáticas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 50 años o más que viven en la pobreza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres postmenopáusicas; su cuerpo absorbe y retiene menos calcio después de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que no toman leche o no comen productos lácteos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si necesita tomar suplementos de calcio y, si es así, cuánto debe tomar. Su profesional de la salud puede pedir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/"&gt;prueba de calcio en la sangre&lt;/a&gt; para saber si está obteniendo lo suficiente.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html" id="2780" language="English">Calcium</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4225">Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html" id="4299">Minerales en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html" id="2067">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras hipercalciemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajo nivel de calcio en sangre en los bebés (hipocalcemia)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypocalcemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypocalcemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-calcio/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcio (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/calcium.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/calcium.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002412.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio ionizado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003486.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio y la vitamina D: Importantes para la salud de los huesos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/el-calcio-y-la-vitamina-D-importantes-para-la-salud-de-los-huesos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/calcium-and-vitamin-d-important-bone-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcio y suplementos de calcio: Lograr el equilibrio adecuado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/calcium-supplements/art-20047097?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/calcium-supplements/art-20047097?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio, la vitamina D y sus huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la dieta para la salud de los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000490_71.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000490_11.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003477.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipercalcemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000365.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipocalcemia en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007229.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcio en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-in-urine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos de los niños: Una guía para los padres" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/la-salud-de-los-huesos-de-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos de calcio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007477.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos de calcio: ¿Un factor de riesgo de ataque cardíaco?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058352?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your body needs calcium for many reasons. Learn what foods are high in calcium and how much calcium you need in a healthy diet." title="Calcium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html" id="2780" language="English" date-created="10/23/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is calcium and why do I need it?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Calcium is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;mineral&lt;/a&gt;, a nutrient that you need (in small amounts) to keep your body healthy. You have more calcium in your body than any other mineral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Calcium has many important jobs:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;To build and maintain strong bones. Your body stores almost all of its calcium in your bones and teeth to keep them strong.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;To help your muscles move.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;To help your nerves to carry messages between your brain and the rest of your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;To help your blood vessels move blood throughout your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;To help release hormones that affect many functions in your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not getting enough calcium can cause several conditions, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, a disease which can make your bones weaker and more likely to break.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html"&gt;Rickets&lt;/a&gt;, a disease in children that causes soft, weak bones.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Osteomalacia, a condition which causes soft bones in children and adults.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I get calcium?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can get calcium from foods and supplements. You may be able to get enough calcium by eating a variety of foods, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. These are the main food sources of calcium for most people in the United States.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leafy, green vegetables such as kale, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage (bok choi).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fish with soft bones that you can eat, such as canned sardines and salmon.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calcium-enriched foods such as breakfast cereals, fruit juices, soy and rice drinks, and tofu. The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html"&gt;product labels&lt;/a&gt; for these foods will show how much calcium they have.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Calcium is available in supplements. It is also included in many multivitamins. The two main forms of calcium supplements are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Calcium carbonate&lt;/strong&gt; is absorbed best when taken with food. Some over-the-counter antacids, such as Tums and Rolaids, also contain calcium carbonate.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Calcium citrate&lt;/strong&gt; is absorbed well on an empty stomach or a full stomach. People with low levels of stomach acid absorb calcium citrate more easily than calcium carbonate.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Calcium is absorbed best when you take 500 mg or less at one time. If you are taking more than that amount each day, take a smaller dose twice a day rather than taking it all at once.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Calcium supplements might cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt;, bloating, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt; in some people. If you have any of these symptoms, you could try:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spreading out the calcium dose throughout the day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking it with meals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Switching the form of calcium you take&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How much calcium do I need?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The amount of calcium you need each day depends on your age and other factors.  The recommended amounts, in milligrams (mg), are: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Birth to 6 months: 200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infants 7-12 months: 260 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children 1-3 years: 700 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children 4-8 years: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children 9-13 years: 1,300 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teens 14-18 years: 1,300 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 19-50 years: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adult men 51-70 years: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adult women 51-70 years: 1,200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 71 years and older: 1,200 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnant and breastfeeding teens: 1,300 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnant and breastfeeding adults: 1,000 mg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain people may have trouble getting enough calcium, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children and teens age 4 to 18 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who are Black or Asian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults age 50 years and older living in poverty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Postmenopausal women; your body absorbs and retains less calcium after menopause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who don't drink milk or eat other dairy products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Check with your health care provider to see if you need to take calcium supplements, and if so, how much you should take. Your provider may want to first do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/"&gt;calcium blood test&lt;/a&gt; to see if you are getting enough of it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html" id="2781" language="Spanish">Calcio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002136">Calcium, Dietary</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/calcium.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4224">Fluid and Electrolyte Balance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298">Minerals</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html" id="37">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hypercalcemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypocalcemia</see-reference>
<site title="Calcium" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/calcium.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/calcium.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium - ionized" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003486.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium and Calcium Supplements: Achieving the Right Balance" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/calcium-supplements/art-20047097?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/calcium-supplements/art-20047097?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium and Vitamin D" url="https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/patients/treatment/calciumvitamin-d/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium and Vitamin D: Important for Bone Health" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/calcium-and-vitamin-d-important-bone-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/el-calcio-y-la-vitamina-D-importantes-para-la-salud-de-los-huesos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003477.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Calculator" url="https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/educational-hub/topic/calcium-calculator">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>International Osteoporosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002412.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium in Urine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-in-urine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium supplements" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007477.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Supplements: A Risk Factor for Heart Attack?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium, vitamin D, and your bones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Calcium, Dietary" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=dietary+calcium&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypercalcemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypercalcemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypocalcemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypocalcemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypercalcemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000365.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypercalcemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypercalcemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355523?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypercalcemia - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/idiopathic-infantile-hypercalcemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Their Bones" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/la-salud-de-los-huesos-de-los-ninos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low Calcium in Babies (Hypocalcemia)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypocalcemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypocalcemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low calcium level - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007229.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary calcium" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Calcium%2C+Dietary%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Bone-Health Diet Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000490_11.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000490_71.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los callos y callosidades son engrosamientos de la piel usualmente causados por el roce en manos y pies. Tratamiento para los callos. " title="Callos y callosidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html" id="5834" language="Spanish" date-created="08/02/2011">
<also-called>Hiperqueratosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los callos y callosidades son causados por presión o fricción en la piel. A menudo aparecen en el pie donde el hueso roza con el calzado. Los callos, generalmente, aparecen arriba o a los costados del pie mientras que las callosidades aparecen en las plantas del pie. También pueden aparecer en las manos u otras áreas donde haya fricción o presión. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usar zapatos que se ajusten bien o usar plantillas sin medicación puede ayudar a evitarlos. Mientras se bañe, frote suavemente el callo o callosidad con una toallita o piedra pómez para ayudar a reducir el tamaño. Para evitar una infección, no trate de rasparlos. Vea a un doctor si sufre de diabetes o problemas circulatorios. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html" id="5833" language="English">Corns and Calluses</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hiperqueratosis</see-reference>
<site title="Ampollas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blisters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blisters.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Callos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/callus?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Callos y callosidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001232.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo en martillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hammertoe?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hammertoe">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los problemas de los pies" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/pies-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/foot-problems">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Juanetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001231.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juanetes (Hallux Abducto Valgus)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cambio climático es más que el calentamiento global. Involucra cambios importantes en temperatura, precipitación y vientos. Cómo afecta a la salud. " title="Cambio climático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/climatechange.html" id="5145" language="Spanish" date-created="10/14/2009">
<also-called>Efecto invernadero</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
El clima es la temperatura promedio en un lugar en un determinado período de tiempo. El cambio climático es un cambio importante de temperatura, lluvias, nieve o patrones de viento que duran muchos años. Puede ser causado por la naturaleza o por las actividades de los seres humanos. Hoy en día, los cambios climáticos están ocurriendo a un ritmo cada vez más acelerado. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
El cambio climático puede afectar su salud y causar:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más casos de enfermedades y muertes causados por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html"&gt;calor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más polen, moho y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt;. Esto puede aumentar los casos de alergia, asma y problemas respiratorios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los mosquitos (zancudos) y otros insectos que portan enfermedades pueden empezar a aparecer en áreas que solían ser demasiado frías para ellos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html"&gt;inundaciones&lt;/a&gt; y aumento del nivel del mar. Esto puede causar más casos de contaminación de alimentos y agua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eventos climáticos más extremos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html"&gt;huracanes&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html"&gt;incendios forestales&lt;/a&gt;. Esto puede causar muertes, heridas, estrés y problemas de salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Los investigadores están estudiando la menor manera de mitigar el cambio climático y reducir el impacto en nuestra salud.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html" id="5144" language="English">Climate Change</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Efecto invernadero</see-reference>
<site title="Cambio climático y salud" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Los días más calurosos ponen en riesgo la salud humana" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-dias-mas-calurosos-ponen-en-riesgo-la-salud-humana" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hotter-days-put-human-health-at-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Website de educación de ciencias de la salud del medioambiente" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Consiga sus gases de invernadero gomosos!" url="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/gumdrops/sp/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay diferentes tipos de campos electromagnéticos. Algunos se preocupan que este tipo de radiación puede causar cáncer, pero la ciencia no es concluyente." title="Campos electromagnéticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electromagneticfields.html" id="1883" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los campos eléctricos y magnéticos, también llamados &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt;, son áreas de energía invisible que se producen alrededor de dispositivos eléctricos. Fuentes diarias de estos campos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Líneas eléctricas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cableado eléctrico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hornos microondas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Computadores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Teléfonos celulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas se preocupan por la exposición a campos electromagnéticos y el cáncer. Algunos estudios han encontrado una relación entre la exposición a los campos y un mayor riesgo de leucemia infantil, pero otros estudios no establecen relación. Otras investigaciones no han encontrado evidencia de que la exposición a campos electromagnéticos provoque otros cánceres infantiles. Estudios en adultos no han demostrado que la exposición causa cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otras personas tienen la preocupación que los celulares causen cáncer u otros problemas de salud. Los teléfonos emiten energía de radiofrecuencia, una forma de radiación electromagnética. Hasta ahora, no se ha encontrado evidencia científica que pruebe una relación entre uso de celulares y problemas de salud en humanos. Sin embargo, los científicos necesitan hacer más investigaciones antes de poder dar una respuesta categórica. Si usted quiere evitar posibles riesgos, puede limitar su exposición al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reducir la cantidad de tiempo que pasa usando un celular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Utilizar el modo altavoz (speaker) o un manos libres para mantener distancia entre el dispositivo y usted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/electromagneticfields.html" id="899" language="English">Electromagnetic Fields</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Teléfonos celulares</see-reference>
<site title="Campos electromagnéticos y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Campos electromagnéticos y salud pública: Teléfonos móviles" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/electromagnetic-fields-and-public-health-mobile-phones" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/electromagnetic-fields-and-public-health-mobile-phones">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campos electromagnéticos: ¿Un riesgo para su salud?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/Paginas/Electromagnetic-Fields-A-Hazard-to-Your-Health.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición humana a los campos de radiofrecuencia (RF) de antenas para comunicaciones inalámbricas (instaladas en vehículos)" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/exposicion-humana-los-campos-de-radiofrecuencia-rf-de-antenas-para-comunicaciones">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teléfonos celulares y el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007151.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teléfonos celulares y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-telefonos-celulares" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you have diarrhea, bloating, and vomiting, you may have a campylobacter infection. How do you get it? How can you treat it? Learn more. " title="Campylobacter Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6046" language="English" date-created="08/06/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Campylobacter infection is a common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;foodborne illness&lt;/a&gt;. You usually get it from eating contaminated food, especially raw or undercooked poultry. You can also get it from drinking contaminated water or raw milk, or handling infected animal feces (poop).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some infected people don't have any symptoms.  If you do have symptoms, they start two to five days after you are infected. They usually last about one week, and can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrhea (which could be bloody)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cramping&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Health care providers use stool tests to make a diagnosis. Most people get better without treatment. You should drink extra fluids for as long as the diarrhea lasts. People who have a severe infection or a weakened immune system may need to take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. In rare cases, the infection can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html"&gt;reactive arthritis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;Guillain-Barre syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent Campylobacter infection, cook poultry thoroughly. Use a separate cutting board and utensils for meats. Make sure to clean them carefully with soap and hot water after you use them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6047" language="Spanish">Infecciones por campylobacter</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002169">Campylobacter Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/campylobacterinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Campylobacter infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/campylobacter/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Campylobacter" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/illnesses-and-pathogens/campylobacter" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/enfermedades-por-alimentos/campylobacter/campylobacter">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campylobacter infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000224.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000224.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campylobacter Infections" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/campylobacter.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/campylobacter.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campylobacter Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Campylobacter-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campylobacter serology test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003530.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003530.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chicken from Farm to Table" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/poultry/chicken-farm-table">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Campylobacter Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Campylobacter+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<site title="Campylobacter Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Campylobacter+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="If you or someone you love has been diagnosed with cancer, learn about diagnosis, treatment, risk factors, and much more." title="Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html" id="25" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Carcinoma</also-called>
<also-called>Malignancy</also-called>
<also-called>Neoplasms</also-called>
<also-called>Tumor</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cancer begins in your cells, which are the building blocks of your body.   Normally, your body forms new cells as you need them, replacing old cells that die. Sometimes this process goes wrong. New cells grow even when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;Benign tumors&lt;/a&gt; aren't cancer while malignant ones are. Cells from malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues. They can also break away and spread to other parts of the body. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers are named for where they start. For example, lung cancer starts in the lung, and breast cancer starts in the breast. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis. Symptoms and treatment depend on the cancer type and how advanced it is. Most treatment plans may include surgery, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt; and/or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;. Some may involve hormone therapy, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt; or other types of biologic therapy, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplantation&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009369">Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancer.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3192">Cancer Alternative Therapies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="464">Cancer Chemotherapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html" id="6429">Cancer Immunotherapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="1540">Cancer--Living with Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html" id="2724">Radiation Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5534">Tumors and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carcinoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Malignancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Neoplasms</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oncology</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumor</see-reference>
<site title="A to Z List of Cancer Drugs" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Cancer Clinical Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/about-cancer-clinical-research" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/que-son-los-estudios-de-investigacion-del-cancer">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adjusting to Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/adjusting-to-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/adaptacion-al-cancer">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adjuvant Therapy: Treatment to Keep Cancer from Returning" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/adjuvant-therapy/ART-20046687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/adjuvant-therapy/art-20046687?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiogenesis Inhibitors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/angiogenesis-inhibitors-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/inmunoterapia/hoja-informativa-inhibidores-angiogenesis">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2014, Featuring Survival" url="https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/109/9/djx030/3092246">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/antioxidants-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-antioxidantes">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bap1-tumor-predisposition-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beyond Basic Blood Tests: A Window Into Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bloom syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bloom-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001289.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Alternative Therapies: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and lymph nodes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and Men" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-and-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-and-men.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-and-women.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-and-women.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Care Gets Personal: How Tumor Treatments Are Changing" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/01/cancer-care-gets-personal" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cuidado-del-cancer-se-vuelve-personal">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Care Widens Its Reach: Reducing Cancer Health Disparities" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/cancer-care-widens-its-reach" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cuidado-del-cancer-amplia-su-alcance">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Causes: Popular Myths about the Causes of Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/ART-20044714?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/ART-20044714?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Chemotherapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Clinical Trials at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-center" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/centro-clinico">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Clusters" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/cancer-clusters-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/hoja-informativa-brotes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Data and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/data/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/dcpc/data/index.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Immunotherapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer in Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Prevention Overview" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/patient-prevention-overview-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/aspectos-generales-prevencion-paciente-pdq">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer prevention: take charge of your lifestyle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000825.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Screening Overview" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/patient-screening-overview-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/deteccion/aspectos-generales-deteccion-paciente-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Staging" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/estadificacion">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/naturaleza/estadisticas">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Surgery: Physically Removing Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-surgery/ART-20044171?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-surgery/art-20044171?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatment - preventing infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000913.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatment -- early menopause" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatments" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000901.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000901.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Types" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer--Living with Cancer: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerlivingwithcancer.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CEA blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003574.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemicals in Meat Cooked at High Temperatures and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cooked-meats-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-carne-cocinada">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Adrenocortical Carcinoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/child-adrenocortical-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/unknown-primary/patient/child-unknown-primary-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/primario-desconocido/paciente/tratamiento-primario-desconocido-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Cardiac (Heart) Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cardiaco/paciente-tratamiento-cardiaco-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Midline Tract Carcinoma with NUT Gene Changes Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/midline/patient-child-midline-tract-carcinoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linea-media/paciente-tratamiento-carcinoma-linea-media-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/patient-child-men-syndromes-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neoplasia-endocrina-multiple/paciente-tratamiento-sindromes-nem-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trials Information for Patients and Caregivers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/estudios-clinicos">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Cancer Myths and Misconceptions" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/hoja-informativa-tomografia-computarizada">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cowden syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cowden-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cruciferous Vegetables and Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cruciferous-vegetables-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-plantas-cruciferas">
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<site title="Understanding cancer staging" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000850.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-for-cancer-risk/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/genetica/pruebas-geneticas-para-evaluar-el-riesgo-de-cancer/comprension-de-las-pruebas-geneticas-para-el-cancer.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding your cancer prognosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000926.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper airway biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003856.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations and Flu Shots for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/vitamin-d-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-vitamina-d">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Werner syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/werner-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What if cancer comes back?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000833.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/naturaleza/que-es">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Cancer Returns" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/when-cancer-returns">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Cancer Spreads: Improving Treatments for Metastasis" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/08/when-cancer-spreads" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-el-cancer-se-disemina">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When your cancer treatment stops working" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your cancer care team" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000929.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your cancer diagnosis - Do you need a second opinion?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000930.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are options to consider when deciding about cancer treatment. Cancer alternative therapies may help.  Learn more." title="Cancer Alternative Therapies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3192" language="English" date-created="04/10/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You have many choices to make about your cancer treatment. One choice you might be thinking about is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;complementary and alternative medicine&lt;/a&gt; (CAM). CAM is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard care.  Examples of CAM therapies are acupuncture, chiropractic, and herbal medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with cancer may use CAM to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Help cope with the side effects of cancer treatments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ease worries of cancer treatment and related stress&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel that they are doing something more to help their own care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CAM treatments do not work for everyone. Some methods, such as acupuncture, might help with nausea, pain and other side effects of cancer treatment.  Talk to your doctor to make sure that all aspects of your cancer care work together.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Complementary and Alternative Therapies</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3193" language="Spanish">Terapia alternativa para el cáncer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000529">Complementary Therapies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009369">Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590">Antioxidants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132">Complementary and Integrative Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html" id="1246">Herbal Medicine</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alternative Therapy for Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="6 Things To Know About Massage Therapy for Health Purposes" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-massage-therapy-for-health-purposes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="6 Things to Know When Selecting a Complementary Health Practitioner" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="714-X" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/714-x-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/714-x-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/acupuncture-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/acupuntura-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alternative Cancer Treatments: 11 Options to Consider" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cancer-treatment/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20047246?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cancer-treatment/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20047246?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antineoplastons" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/antineoplastons-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/antineoplastones-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aromatherapy with Essential Oils" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/aromatherapy-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/aromaterapia-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancell/Cantron/Protocel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cancell-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cancell-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and Complementary Health Approaches: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cancer-and-complementary-health-approaches-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/cancer-en-detalles">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Therapy Interactions with Foods and Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/dietary-interactions-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/interacciones-alimentos-suplementos-pdq">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis and Cannabinoids" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cannabis-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cartilage (Bovine and Shark)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cartilage-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cartilago-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cancer Alternative Therapies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=neoplasms&amp;intr=complementary+and+alternative+medicine&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coenzyme Q10" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/coenzyme-q10-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/coenzima-q10-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Alternative Medicine" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Alternative Medicine Cancer Clinical Trials" url="https://cam.cancer.gov/research/clinical_trials.htm">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Patients" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Integrative Methods" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/complementary-and-integrative-medicine/complementary-and-alternative-methods-and-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/medicina-complementaria-e-integral/complementary-and-alternative-methods-and-cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/complementary-and-integrative-medicine/dietary-supplements.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/medicina-complementaria-e-integral/dietary-supplements.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essiac/Flor Essence" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/essiac-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/essiac-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a NCCAOM Certified Practitioner" url="https://www.nccaom.org/find-a-practitioner-directory/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding Cancer Information on the Internet" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/understanding-cancer/cancer-information-on-the-internet.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gerson Therapy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/gerson-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/gerson-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydrazine Sulfate" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/hydrazine-sulfate-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/sulfato-hidracina-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperthermia to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/hyperthermia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/terapia-de-hipertermia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Integrative medicine for cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000932.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laetrile/Amygdalin" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/laetrile-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/laetrilo-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Milk Thistle" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/milk-thistle-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cardo-mariano-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mistletoe Extracts" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/mistletoe-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/muerdago-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newcastle Disease Virus" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/ndv-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/ven-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PC-SPES" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/pc-spes-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/pc-spes-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PDQ Cancer Information Summaries: Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/information-summaries/cam" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Products Claiming to &quot;Cure&quot; Cancer Are a Cruel Deception" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-claiming-cure-cancer-are-cruel-deception" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-que-afirman-curar-el-cancer-son-un-engano-cruel">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting yourself from cancer scams" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Alternative Therapies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Complementary+Therapies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spirituality in Cancer Care" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/day-to-day/faith-and-spirituality/spirituality-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/dia-a-dia/fe-y-espiritualidad/espiritualidad-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking about Complementary and Alternative Medicine with Your Health Care Providers: A Workbook and Tips" url="https://cam.cancer.gov/docs/workbook/talking_about_cam_workbook.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chemotherapy may help you fight cancer. Find out about the  types of chemotherapy, side effects, and the latest news about chemotherapy." title="Cancer Chemotherapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="464" language="English" date-created="12/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cancer chemotherapy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cancer chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment. It uses medicines to destroy cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Normally, the cells in your body grow and die in a controlled way. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt; cells keep growing without control. Chemotherapy works by killing the cancer cells, stopping them from spreading, or slowing their growth.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Chemotherapy is used to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Treat cancer&lt;/strong&gt; by curing the cancer, lessening the chance it will return, or stopping or slowing its growth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ease cancer symptoms&lt;/strong&gt; by shrinking tumors that are causing pain and other problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the side effects of chemotherapy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chemotherapy does not just destroy cancer cells. It can also harm some healthy cells, which causes side effects.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You may have a lot of side effects, some side effects, or none at all. It depends on the type and amount of chemotherapy you get and how your body reacts.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some common side effects are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mouth sores&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html"&gt;Hair loss&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are ways to prevent or control some side effects. Talk with your health care provider about how to manage them. Healthy cells usually recover after chemotherapy is over, so most side effects gradually go away.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What can I expect when getting chemotherapy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may get chemotherapy in a hospital or at home, a doctor's office, or a medical clinic. You might be given the medicines by mouth, in a shot, as a cream, through a catheter, or intravenously (by IV).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your treatment plan will depend on the type of cancer you have, which chemotherapy medicines are used, the treatment goals, and how your body responds to the medicines.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Chemotherapy may be given alone or with other treatments. You may get treatment every day, every week, or every month. You may have breaks between treatments so that your body has a chance to build new healthy cells.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Chemotherapy and Sex: Is Sexual Activity OK during Treatment?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/expert-answers/chemotherapy-and-sex/FAQ-20058287?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/expert-answers/chemotherapy-and-sex/faq-20058287?p=1">
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<site title="Chemotherapy and You: Support for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/chemo-and-you" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/quimioterapia-y-usted">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chemotherapy Side Effects: A Cause of Heart Disease?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/expert-answers/chemotherapy-side-effects/FAQ-20058319?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/expert-answers/chemotherapy-side-effects/faq-20058319?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Chemotherapy to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cholesterol Drug May Help Protect the Heart during Chemotherapy for Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2023/lymphoma-statin-reduces-chemo-heart-damage">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cancer Chemotherapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=cancer&amp;intr=chemotherapy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Constipation and Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/constipation" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/estrenimiento">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea and Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/diarrhea" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/diarrea">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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<site title="Eating Hints: Before, during, and after Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/eating-hints" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/consejos-de-alimentacion">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Edema (Swelling) and Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/edema" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/edema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Getting Oral or Topical Chemotherapy" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/chemotherapy/oral-chemotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/quimioterapia/quimioterapia-oral.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Information for Patients Who are Getting Chemotherapy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer-preventing-infections/patients/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer-preventing-infections/es/patients/">
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<site title="Low Blood Cell Counts: Side Effects of Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/ART-20046192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20046192?p=1">
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Mouth and Throat Problems: Cancer Treatment Side Effects" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
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<site title="Nausea and Vomiting and Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nausea-vomiting" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/nauseas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Nerve Problems (Peripheral Neuropathy) and Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nerve-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/problemas-nervios">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<site title="Nutrition for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/coping/nutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/supervivencia/bienestar-durante-el-tratamiento/nutricion.html">
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pain Management" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/pain" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/dolor">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picc-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picc-lines.html">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cancer Chemotherapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antineoplastic+Agents%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Neoplasms%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Skin and Nail Changes during Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/skin-nail-changes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cambios-piel-unas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Take 3 Steps Toward Preventing Infections During Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.preventcancerinfections.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.preventcancerinfections.org/es">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Targeted Therapy to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/terapia-dirigida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Chemotherapy Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/002324_10.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/002324_70.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tunneled Central Lines" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cv-catheters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cv-catheters.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of chemotherapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000910.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary and Bladder Problems" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/urination-changes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/problemas-urinarios">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer. Learn about the different types, including targeted therapy." title="Cancer Immunotherapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html" id="6429" language="English" date-created="12/27/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Immunotherapy is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt; treatment that helps your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; fight cancer. It is a type of biological therapy. Biological therapy uses substances that are made from living organisms, or versions of these substances that are made in a lab.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors don't yet use immunotherapy as often as other cancer treatments, such as surgery, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;. But they do use immunotherapy for some types of cancer, and researchers are doing clinical trials to see whether it also works for other types.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you have cancer, some of your cells begin to multiply without stopping. They spread into the surrounding tissues. One reason that the cancer cells can keep growing and spreading is that they are able to hide from your immune system. Some immunotherapies can "mark" your cancer cells. This makes it easier for your immune system to find and destroy the cells. It is a type of targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Other types of immunotherapies work by boosting your immune system to work better against cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You could get immunotherapy intravenously (by IV), in pills or capsules, or in a cream for your skin. For bladder cancer, they might place it directly into your bladder. You may have treatment every day, week, or month. Some immunotherapies are given in cycles. It depends on your type of cancer, how advanced it is, the type of immunotherapy you get, and how well it is working.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may have side effects. The most common side effects are skin reactions at the needle site, if you get it by IV. Other side effects may include flu-like symptoms, or rarely, severe reactions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html" id="6430" language="Spanish">Inmunoterapia para el cáncer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009369">Neoplasms</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000628">therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007167">Immunotherapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cancer Immunotherapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=cancer&amp;intr=immunotherapy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/immunotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/inmunoterapia.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy for cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000903.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/inmunoterapia">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immunotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immunotherapy.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy: questions to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000828.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monoclonal Antibodies" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/monoclonal-antibodies" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/inmunoterapia/anticuerpos-monoclonales">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Off-Label Drug Use in Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/off-label" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/medicamentos/uso-extraoficial">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Immunotherapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Ftherapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Immunotherapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/radio-immuno" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/radio-immuno">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You will have a lot of questions if your child is diagnosed with cancer. Many cancers in children can be treated. Learn about childhood cancers." title="Cancer in Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html" id="4355" language="English" date-created="04/18/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cancer is a group of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normally, new cells form as you need them, replacing old cells that die. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. New cells form when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. The extra cells can form a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;Benign tumors&lt;/a&gt; aren't cancer. Malignant tumors are cancer, and the cancer cells can spread to nearby tissues. They can also break away and spread to other parts of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children can get cancer in the same parts of the body as adults, but there are differences. Childhood cancers may happen suddenly, without early symptoms. Some types can often be cured. The most common children's cancer is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;leukemia&lt;/a&gt;. Some of the other more common types of cancer in children include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodbraintumors.html"&gt;brain tumors&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html"&gt;lymphoma&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html"&gt;soft tissue sarcoma&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms and treatment depend on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;Stem cell transplants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html" id="4356" language="Spanish">Cáncer en niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009369">Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodbraintumors.html" id="4177">Childhood Brain Tumors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" id="1438">Childhood Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuroblastoma.html" id="1240">Neuroblastoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilmstumor.html" id="3075">Wilms Tumor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Childhood Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="A guide to help children understand cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000921.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/adolescentes-adultos-jovenes">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Childhood Cancer: Making Personalized Treatments a Reality" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/02/advances-childhood-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/avances-en-el-cancer-infantil">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Health After Cancer Treatment" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-after-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-after-cancer.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Basics" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cancer.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer in Children" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cancer-in-children.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-en-ninos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer in Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/hoja-informativa-ninos-adolescentes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Care for Childhood Cancer Survivors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/child-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/supervivencia/infancia">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chemotherapy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chemo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chemo.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Cancer" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Cancer Statistics" url="https://curesearch.org/childhood-cancer-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>CureSearch for Children's Cancer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Cancer Survivor Study: An Overview" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/ccss">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Thyroid Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/child-thyroid-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tiroides/paciente/tratamiento-tiroides-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children's Assent to Clinical Trial Participation" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/safety#childrens-assent">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children's cancer centers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000841.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children's Oncology Group Cancer Center Locations" url="https://www.childrensoncologygroup.org/apps/instmap/default.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Children's Oncology Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cancer in Children" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=neoplasms&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Cosmetic Effects of Cancer Treatment" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cosmetic-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cosmetic-effects.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Cancer" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/deal-with-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/deal-with-cancer.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Childhood Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/childhood-cancer-fda-approved-drugs">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Rhabdomyosarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/rhabdomyosarcoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Early (Precocious) Puberty" url="https://www.childrensoncologygroup.org/earlypuberty">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Children's Oncology Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating extra calories when you are sick - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Effects of Cancer Treatment on Fertility (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-fertility.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer-fertility.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding Cancer in Children" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cancer-in-children/finding-childhood-cancers-early.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extracraneal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting support when your child has cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000843.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000843.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping your child understand a cancer diagnosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000844.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How childhood cancers are different from adult cancers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000845.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="If Your Child Has Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cancer-in-children/if-your-child-has-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-en-ninos/si-su-hijo-tiene-cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immunotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immunotherapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/efectos-tardios-pdq">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mosaic-variegated-aneuploidy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Other Rare Cancers of Childhood" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/rare-childhood-cancers-pdq#_67" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-raros-pdq#_67">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Rare Cancers of Childhood Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/rare-childhood-cancers-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-poco-comunes-pdq#_11">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="What Is Cancer?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cancer.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="When Your Child Is Diagnosed with Cancer" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrlyRdierRo&amp;list=PLYKy4VbxNln5V3x2SaWnWG36LKlkFFP8q">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="When your child's cancer treatment stops working" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Living with cancer is not easy. It can take a physical and emotional toll on your health. Learn how to cope with cancer in your daily life." title="Cancer--Living with Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="1540" language="English" date-created="08/28/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;Learning to live with cancer&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt; is a common disease. Almost 40 percent of Americans will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetimes. Even though cancer may be life-threatening, many people have successful treatment. Others live with cancer for a very long time.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;For most people with cancer, learning to live with the disease is one of the biggest challenges they've ever faced. That's because having cancer touches just about every part of your life and the lives of those around you.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Cancer and its treatment may change:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your daily routines and ability to work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your important relationships&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The way you look, feel, and think about yourself&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may feel more in control and prepared to cope with these changes if you learn about what to expect. Your health care provider can help you find information and support services that are right for you.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;Coping with feelings about having cancer&lt;/h3&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Having cancer may cause a range of strong emotions, such as sadness, anger, fear, worry, or guilt. These feelings are normal, and they're likely to change over time. It's helpful to sort out your feelings in a way that's comfortable for you. You might try:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talking openly with someone you trust&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Writing about your feelings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using relaxation methods, such as meditation and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html"&gt;complementary and alternative medicine&lt;/a&gt; (CAM)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing things you enjoy to give yourself a break from focusing on cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your emotions seem to take over your life, tell your provider. You may need extra support if you have symptoms of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html"&gt;panic disorder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;Communicating with your health care team&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During cancer treatment, you usually have a team of providers. Along with doctors and nurses, you may be able to talk with social workers, pharmacists, dietitians, and other health professionals.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;These professionals are prepared to help you deal with the issues that cancer brings up, including concerns about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html"&gt;finances&lt;/a&gt;. But it's up to you to let your team know what's on your mind.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;Good communication with your providers&lt;/a&gt; may help you feel more in control and satisfied with your care. Your communications may be better if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tell your providers how much you want to know about your cancer and its treatment.&lt;/strong&gt; Do you want all the details or just the big picture?&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Write down your questions and concerns before your visits.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bring a family member or a friend to your visits.&lt;/strong&gt; This person can help by listening, taking notes, and asking questions.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Talking openly with family and friends&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cancer changes the daily routines and roles of the people who love and support you. They may need to start doing the things you've always done for them. And you may need their help doing things you've always done for yourself. These changes can be difficult for everyone.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;It may help to have an honest talk about changing roles and needs. If that sounds too difficult, ask a social worker or other member of your care team to help you talk with family and friends who are helping with your care.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html"&gt;These caregivers may need some support&lt;/a&gt;, too.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;Dealing with changes in your self-image&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Cancer and its treatment may cause some big changes in how you look, feel, and think about yourself. For example, you may have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Less energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Temporary or permanent changes in your body, such as  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html"&gt;scars&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html"&gt;hair loss&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealth.html"&gt;Problems being sexually close&lt;/a&gt; or doubts about dating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Coping with these changes can be hard. But most people find &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;ways to feel more positive&lt;/a&gt; over time. If you feel well enough, you might try:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;Exercise&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Walking, yoga, or other movement may help you feel stronger and more in control of your body. But check with your provider first.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Staying involved in life and helping others.&lt;/strong&gt; Think about volunteering, hobbies, or other activities that might make you feel good about yourself.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Counseling for sexual problems.&lt;/strong&gt; Talking with a professional, either with a partner or on your own, may help.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Adjusting to life after treatment&lt;/h3&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;After treatment, you'll have regular cancer follow-up care. Your provider will explain the schedule of checkups and tests you'll need. This is a good time to discuss the challenges you may face ahead. Knowing what to expect may help you make plans as you find a "new normal" with cancer as part of your life.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="2245" language="Spanish">Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073116">Cancer Survivors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009369">Neoplasms</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000523">psychology</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerlivingwithcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cancerlivingwithcancer.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html" id="25">Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="464">Cancer Chemotherapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html" id="4823">Palliative Care</related-topic>
<see-reference>Living with Cancer</see-reference>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding during cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cancer Diagnosis: 11 Tips for Coping" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-diagnosis/ART-20044544?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-diagnosis/art-20044544?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Fatigue" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fatigue" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fatiga">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Pain" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/pain/pain-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/dolor/dolor-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Pain Control: Support for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/pain-control" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/control-dolor.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Survivors: Late Effects of Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-survivor/ART-20045524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-survivor/ART-20045524?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatment - dealing with pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000827.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatment: dealing with hot flashes and night sweats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000826.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer, Flu, and You" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/resources/features/CancerFlu/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-flu-and-you.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/new-normal/ptsd-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/supervivencia/nueva-normalidad/ptsd-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopulmonary Syndrome Overview" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chemo Brain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cancer and Quality of Life" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=neoplasms+%22quality+of+life%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communication in Cancer Care" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/adjusting-to-cancer/communication-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/adaptacion-al-cancer/comunicacion-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping and Living Well during Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/coping.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/supervivencia.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Advanced Cancer: Choices for Care Near the End of Life" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/advanced-cancer">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with cancer - finding the support you need" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000917.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with cancer - hair loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with cancer - looking and feeling your best" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000915.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000915.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with cancer - managing fatigue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Cancer after a Natural Disaster" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/coping-with-cancer-after-a-natural-disaster.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/como-hacer-frente-al-cancer-despues-de-un-desastre-natural.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Cosmetic Effects of Cancer Treatment" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cosmetic-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cosmetic-effects.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: What People with Cancer Should Know" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-cancer-patient-information" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-informacion-personas-con-cancer">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Cancer" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/deal-with-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/deal-with-cancer.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with chronic cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000933.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirium: Cancer Treatment Side Effect" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/delirium" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/delirio">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/depression-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/depresion-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea: Cancer-Related Causes and How to Cope" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/diarrhea/ART-20044799?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/diarrhea/art-20044799?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drinking water safely during cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000060.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry mouth during cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Early (Precocious) Puberty" url="https://www.childrensoncologygroup.org/earlypuberty">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Children's Oncology Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Hints: Before, during, and after Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/eating-hints" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/consejos-de-alimentacion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emotional Support for Young People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya/support" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/adolescentes-adultos-jovenes/apoyo-emocional">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emotional, Mental Health, and Mood Changes" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/emotional-mood-changes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-emocionales.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emotions and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facing Forward: Life after Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/facing-forward" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/siga-adelante">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility and Sexual Side Effects in People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Issues in Boys and Men with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-men" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-hombres">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Issues in Girls and Women with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-mujeres">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Follow-up Medical Care after Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/follow-up-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/supervivencia/cuidados-de-seguimiento">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping a Child Cope when Someone They Know Has Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/caregivers/helping-children-when-a-family-member-has-cancer/dealing-with-treatment/managing-changes.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hot Flashes and Night Sweats" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/hot-flashes-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-mujeres/sofocos-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hot Flashes and Sweating" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/hot-flashes-and-sweating.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/bochornos-sudoracion.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactic acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/efectos-tardios-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low Blood Cell Counts: Side Effects of Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/ART-20046192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20046192?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/linfedema">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Cancer-Related Side Effects" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Female Sexual Problems Related to Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/problemas.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Sores and Pain" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/mouth-sores.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/llagas-en-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition in Cancer Care" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/appetite-loss/nutrition-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/perdida-apetito/nutricion-pdq">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palliative Care in Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/palliative-care-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado/hoja-informativa-cuidados-paliativos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruritus" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/skin-nail-changes/pruritus-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cambios-piel-unas/prurito-pro-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer--Living with Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cancer+Survivors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Neoplasms%2Fpsychology%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Returning to work after cancer: know your rights" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000923.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safe eating during cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000061.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sex and the Adult Male with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health Issues in Men with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sexuality-men" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-hombres">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health Issues in Women with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sexuality-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-mujeres">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Disorders" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sleep-disorders-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/insomnio/trastornos-del-sueno-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spirituality in Cancer Care" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/day-to-day/faith-and-spirituality/spirituality-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/dia-a-dia/fe-y-espiritualidad/espiritualidad-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Statistics and Graphs: Cancer Survivorship" url="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Time: Support for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/taking-time" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/tomese-su-tiempo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Things to Know about the Cost of Your Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-costs/the-cost-of-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/administracion-de-los-costos/el-costo-del-tratamiento-contra-el-cancer.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Cancer Prognosis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Cancer Returns" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/when-cancer-returns">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Your Brother or Sister Has Cancer: A Guide for Teens" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/sibling-has-cancer">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Working during cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000834.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000834.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your cancer survivorship care plan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000822.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Canker sores (Aphthous ulcers) are painful sores inside of the mouth. They are non-cancerous but can cause viral infections. Read about the triggers." title="Canker Sores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html" id="6053" language="English" date-created="10/01/2012">
<also-called>Aphthous ulcers</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Canker sores are small, round sores in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html"&gt;mouth&lt;/a&gt;. They can be on the inside of your cheek, under your tongue, or in the back of your throat. They usually have a red edge and a gray center. They can be quite painful. They are not the same as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html"&gt;cold sores&lt;/a&gt;, which are caused by herpes simplex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Canker sores aren't contagious. They may happen if you have a viral infection. They may also be triggered by stress, food allergies, lack of vitamins and minerals, hormonal changes or menstrual periods. In some cases the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In most cases, the sores go away by themselves. Some ointments, creams or rinses may help with the pain. Avoiding hot, spicy food while you have a canker sore also helps.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html" id="6054" language="Spanish">Aftas bucales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013281">Stomatitis, Aphthous</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Aphthous Ulcers</see-reference>
<site title="Canker sore" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000998.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sore" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/canker-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20370615?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/canker-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20370615?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sore (Aphthous Ulcer)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/aphthous-ulcer-canker-sore?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sores" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/canker-sores/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ulceras-bucales-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sores" url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=82:canker-sores&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaom.com/assets/condition-information/spanishcankersores.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Oral Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sores" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/canker.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/canker.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sores (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/canker.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/canker.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sores: Treatment" url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=86:canker-sores-treatment&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaom.com/assets/condition-information/spanishtreatmentcankersores.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Oral Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stomatitis, Aphthous" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stomatitis,+Aphthous%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Canker Sores" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stomatitis%2C+Aphthous%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los carbohidratos son la principal fuente de energía del cuerpo. ¿Qué tipos de carbohidratos existen y qué función cumplen en una dieta equilibrada? " title="Carbohidratos en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html" id="3671" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2004">
<also-called>Azúcar en la dieta</also-called>
<also-called>Hidratos de carbono</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los carbohidratos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los carbohidratos son moléculas de azúcar. Junto con las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteínas &lt;/a&gt; y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt;, los carbohidratos son uno de los tres nutrientes principales que se encuentran en alimentos y bebidas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su cuerpo descompone los carbohidratos en glucosa. La glucosa, o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;, es la principal fuente de energía para las células, tejidos y órganos del cuerpo. La glucosa puede usarse inmediatamente o almacenarse en el hígado y los músculos para su uso posterior.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de carbohidratos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos principales de carbohidratos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Azúcares&lt;/strong&gt;: También se llaman carbohidratos simples porque se encuentran en su forma más básica. Pueden agregarse a los alimentos, como el azúcar en dulces, postres, alimentos procesados y refrescos. También incluyen los tipos de azúcar que se encuentran naturalmente en frutas, verduras y leche&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Almidones&lt;/strong&gt;: Son carbohidratos complejos que están hechos de muchos azúcares simples unidos. Su cuerpo necesita descomponer los almidones en azúcares para usarlos como energía. Los almidones incluyen pan, cereal y pasta. También incluyen ciertas verduras, como papas, guisantes y maíz&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;Fibra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: También es un carbohidrato complejo. Su cuerpo no puede descomponer la mayoría de la fibra, por lo que comer alimentos con fibra puede ayudarle a sentirse lleno y hacer que sea menos probable que coma en exceso. Las dietas altas en fibra tienen otros beneficios para la salud. Pueden ayudar a prevenir problemas estomacales o intestinales, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;. También pueden ayudar a bajar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; y azúcar en la sangre. La fibra se encuentra en muchos alimentos que provienen de plantas, como frutas, verduras, nueces, semillas, frijoles y granos integrales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué alimentos tienen carbohidratos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los alimentos comunes con carbohidratos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Granos: Como el pan, fideos, pastas, galletas saladas, cereales y arroz&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frutas: Como manzanas, plátanos, bayas, mangos, melones y naranjas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Productos lácteos: Como la leche y el yogurt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Legumbres: Incluyendo frijoles secos, lentejas y guisantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bocadillos y dulces: Como pasteles, galletas, dulces y otros postres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Jugos, refrescos, bebidas de frutas, bebidas deportivas y bebidas energéticas con azúcar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Verduras con almidón: Como papas, maíz y guisantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 

&lt;p&gt;Algunos alimentos no tienen muchos carbohidratos, como la carne, pescado, pollo, algunos tipos de queso, nueces y aceites.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de carbohidratos debo comer?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Necesita comer algunos carbohidratos para entregarle energía a su cuerpo. Pero es importante comer los tipos adecuados de carbohidratos para su salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al comer granos, elija principalmente granos enteros y granos no refinados:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Los granos integrales son alimentos como el pan integral, el arroz integral, la harina integral de maíz y la avena. Ofrecen muchos nutrientes que su cuerpo necesita, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales &lt;/a&gt; y fibra. Para determinar si un producto tiene una gran cantidad de granos integrales, revise la lista de ingredientes en el paquete y vea si aparece algún grano integral dentro de los primeros enumerados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los granos refinados son alimentos a los que se les ha eliminado parte de los granos. Esto también elimina algunos de los nutrientes que son buenos para su salud&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prefiera alimentos con mucha fibra: La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html"&gt;etiqueta de información nutricional&lt;/a&gt; en la parte posterior de los paquetes de alimentos indica la cantidad de fibra que tiene un producto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trate de evitar los alimentos que tienen mucha azúcar agregada: Estos alimentos pueden tener muchas calorías pero poca nutrición. Comer demasiada azúcar agregada aumenta el azúcar en la sangre y puede hacer que suba de peso. Puede saber si un alimento o bebida tiene azúcares agregados al revisar la etiqueta de información nutricional en la parte posterior del paquete de alimentos. Le indica cuánta azúcar total y azúcar agregada hay en ese alimento o bebida&lt;/li&gt;
  

&lt;/ul&gt;

 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuántos carbohidratos debo comer?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay una cantidad única de carbohidratos que las personas deban consumir. Esta cantidad puede variar, dependiendo de factores como su edad, sexo, salud y si está tratando de bajar o subir de peso. En promedio, las personas deben obtener del 45 al 65% de sus calorías de los carbohidratos todos los días. En las etiquetas de información nutricional, el valor diario de carbohidratos totales es de 275 gramos por día. Esto se basa en una dieta diaria de 2,000 calorías. Su valor diario puede ser mayor o menor dependiendo de sus necesidades calóricas y de su salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Es seguro comer una dieta baja en carbohidratos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas siguen una dieta baja en carbohidratos para tratar de bajar de peso. Esto generalmente significa comer 25 gramos y 150 gramos de carbohidratos por día. Este tipo de dieta puede ser segura, pero debe hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de comenzar. Un problema con las dietas bajas en carbohidratos es que pueden limitar la cantidad de fibra que obtiene cada día. También pueden ser difíciles de seguir a largo plazo.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html" id="3670" language="English">Carbohydrates</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049">Dieta para diabéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html" id="3060">Fibra en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html" id="3669">Proteínas en la dieta</related-topic>
<see-reference>Azúcar en la dieta</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hidratos de carbono en la dieta</see-reference>
<site title="Alergias (y el azúcar) y la hiperactividad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Allergies-and-Hyperactivity.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/adhd/pages/allergies-and-hyperactivity.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprender acerca de los hidratos de carbono" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/carb.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/carb.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Azúcar agregado: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/azucar-anadida-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/added-sugar-what-you-need-to-know/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Azúcar e hiperactividad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bebidas endulzadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000335.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002469.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/carbohidratos/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/low-carb-diet/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos complejos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_imagepages/19529.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos simples" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_imagepages/19534.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos y el azúcar (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sugar.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos y la diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/carbs-diabetes-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/carbs-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos y la diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/carb-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/carbs-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos: Cómo pueden formar parte de una alimentación saludable" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/carbohydrates/art-20045705?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/carbohydrates/art-20045705?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cereales integrales: Opciones saludables para una alimentación saludable" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/whole-grains/art-20047826?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/whole-grains/art-20047826?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de calorías: Refrescos y bebidas energéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000888.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de carbohidratos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cosas dulces: Cómo afectan su salud los azúcares y edulcorantes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cosas-dulces">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo controlar el consumo de golosinas de su hijo: Consejos para padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/nutrition/paginas/how-to-tame-your-childs-sweet-tooth.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/healthy-living/nutrition/pages/how-to-tame-your-childs-sweet-tooth.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta con bajo contenido de hidratos de carbono" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta de índice glucémico: Qué hay detrás de las afirmaciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes artificiales y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-edulcorantes-artificiales" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes artificiales y otros sustitutos del azúcar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes y azúcares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002444.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes y sustitutos del azúcar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007492.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sustitutos para el azúcar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sustitutos-para-el-azucar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/sugar-substitutes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está contando los carbohidratos? Comprender el índice glucémico y la carga glucémica" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/esta-contando-los-carbohidratos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Carbs include sugar, starch, and fiber. Some disorders affect how your body uses these nutrients, causing health problems. Learn more." title="Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6389" language="English" date-created="08/23/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;metabolic disorder&lt;/a&gt;, something goes wrong with this process.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Carbohydrate metabolism disorders are a group of metabolic disorders. Normally your enzymes break &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt; down into glucose (a type of sugar). If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down the carbohydrates. Or the enzymes may not work properly. This causes a harmful amount of sugar to build up in your body. That can lead to health problems, some of which can be serious. Some of the disorders are fatal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;screened&lt;/a&gt; for many of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic testing&lt;/a&gt; to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments may include special diets, supplements, and medicines. Some babies may also need additional treatments, if there are complications. For some disorders, there is no cure, but treatments may help with symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6390" language="Spanish">Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002239">Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6385">Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html" id="3670">Carbohydrates</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html" id="898">Lactose Intolerance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6387">Lipid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703">Metabolic Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mucopolysaccharidoses</see-reference>
<site title="Acid mucopolysaccharides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003368.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-mannosidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-mannosidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Carbohydrates are one of the basic food groups. Learn how to incorporate carbohydrates into a healthy diet." title="Carbohydrates" url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html" id="3670" language="English" date-created="12/03/2003">
<also-called>Carbs</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are carbohydrates?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules. Along with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteins&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, carbohydrates are one of three main nutrients found in foods and drinks.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, is the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs. Glucose can be used immediately or stored in the liver and muscles for later use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of carbohydrates?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are three main types of carbohydrates:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sugars.&lt;/strong&gt; They are also called simple carbohydrates because they are in the most basic form. They can be added to foods, such as the sugar in candy, desserts, processed foods, and regular soda. They also include the kinds of sugar that are found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Starches.&lt;/strong&gt; They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together. Your body needs to break starches down into sugars to use them for energy. Starches include bread, cereal, and pasta. They also include certain vegetables, like potatoes, peas, and corn.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;Fiber&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; It is also a complex carbohydrate. Your body cannot break down most fibers, so eating foods with fiber can help you feel full and make you less likely to overeat. Diets high in fiber have other health benefits. They may help prevent stomach or intestinal problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;. They may also help lower &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; and blood sugar. Fiber is found in many foods that come from plants, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, beans, and whole grains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Which foods have carbohydrates?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Common foods with carbohydrates include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Grains, such as bread, noodles, pasta, crackers, cereals, and rice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fruits, such as apples, bananas, berries, mangoes, melons, and oranges&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dairy products, such as milk and yogurt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Legumes, including dried beans, lentils, and peas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Snack foods and sweets, such as cakes, cookies, candy, and other desserts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Juices, regular sodas, fruit drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks that contain sugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Starchy vegetables, such as potatoes, corn, and peas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some foods don't have a lot of carbohydrates, such as meat, fish, poultry, some types of cheese, nuts, and oils.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Which types of carbohydrates should I eat?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You do need to eat some carbohydrates to give your body energy. But it's important to eat the right kinds of carbohydrates for your health:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;When eating grains, choose mostly whole grains and not refined grains:
	&lt;ul&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Whole grains are foods like whole-wheat bread, brown rice, whole cornmeal, and oatmeal. They offer lots of nutrients that your body needs, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and fiber. To figure out whether a product has a lot of whole grain, check the ingredients list on the package and see if a whole grain is one of the first few items listed.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Refined grains are foods that have had some parts of the grains removed. This also removes some of the nutrients that are good for your health.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat foods with lots of fiber. The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html"&gt;Nutrition Facts labels&lt;/a&gt; on the back of food packages tells you how much fiber a product has.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Try to avoid foods that have a lot of added sugar. These foods can have many calories but not much nutrition. Eating too much added sugar raises your blood sugar and can make you gain weight. You can tell if a food or drink has added sugars by looking at the Nutrition Facts label on the back of the food package. It tells you how much total sugar and added sugar is in that food or drink.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How many carbohydrates should I eat?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no one-size-fits-all amount of carbohydrates that people should eat. This amount can vary, depending on factors such as your age, sex, health, and whether or not you are trying to lose or gain weight. On average, people should get 45 to 65% of their calories from carbohydrates every day. On the Nutrition Facts labels, the Daily Value for total carbohydrates is 275 g per day. This is based on a 2,000-calorie daily diet. Your Daily Value may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs and health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Is it safe to eat a low-carb diet?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people go on a low-carb diet to try to lose weight. This usually means eating between 25 g and 150 g of carbs each day. This kind of diet can be safe, but you should talk to your health care provider before starting it. One problem with low-carb diets is that they can limit the amount of fiber you get each day. They can also be hard to stay on for the long term.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html" id="3671" language="Spanish">Carbohidratos en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004040">Dietary Carbohydrates</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6389">Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048">Diabetic Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html" id="3059">Dietary Fiber</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html" id="3668">Dietary Proteins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corn Syrup</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sugar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sugar Substitutes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sweeteners, Artificial</see-reference>
<site title="Added Sugar: What You Need To Know" url="https://familydoctor.org/added-sugar-what-you-need-to-know/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/azucar-anadida-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber/?adfree=true">
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<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Carbohydrates" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/carbohydrates">
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<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
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<site title="Carbohydrates" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/nutrition/basics/carbs.html">
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</site>
<site title="Carbohydrates: How Carbs Fit into a Healthy Diet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/carbohydrates/art-20045705?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/carbohydrates/art-20045705?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion" url="https://www.fns.usda.gov/cnpp">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dietary Carbohydrates" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Dietary+Carbohydrates%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sweetening Agents" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Sweetening+Agents%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Counting carbohydrates" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Tame Your Child's Sweet Tooth: Tips for Parents" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/healthy-living/nutrition/pages/how-to-tame-your-childs-sweet-tooth.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/nutrition/paginas/how-to-tame-your-childs-sweet-tooth.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperactivity and sugar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002426.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Carbohydrates" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/carb.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/carb.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-Carb Diet: Can It Help You Lose Weight?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and Healthy Eating" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary carbohydrates" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dietary+Carbohydrates%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rethink Your Drink" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/rethink-your-drink/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/healthy_eating/spanish/mejora-tu-bebida.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sweetened beverages" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000335.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sweeteners - sugar substitutes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007492.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sweeteners - sugars" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002444.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's the Difference Between Sugar Free and No Added Sugar?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/sugar/difference-between-sugar-free-and-no-added-sugar">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whole Grains: Hearty Options for a Healthy Diet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/whole-grains/art-20047826?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/whole-grains/art-20047826?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Carbon monoxide is known as the silent killer. It is a deadly gas that has no color or smell. Protect yourself and your family by learning more." title="Carbon Monoxide Poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="177" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<also-called>CO poisoning</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas that has no odor or color. But it is very dangerous. It can cause sudden illness and death. CO is found in combustion fumes, such as those made by cars and trucks, lanterns, stoves, gas ranges and heating systems. CO from these fumes can build up in places that don't have a good flow of fresh air.  You can be poisoned by breathing them in.  The most common symptoms of CO poisoning are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Headache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dizziness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nausea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Chest pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is often hard to tell if someone has CO poisoning, because the symptoms may be like those of other illnesses. People who are sleeping or intoxicated can die from CO poisoning before they have symptoms. A CO detector can warn you if you have high levels of CO in your home. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="1797" language="Spanish">Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002249">Carbon Monoxide Poisoning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ilokano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Ilocano">Ilocano</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>CO Poisoning</see-reference>
<site title="&quot;Invisible&quot; Killer" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/464.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carbon Monoxide Hazards from Small Gasoline Powered Engines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/co/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbon Monoxide Information Center" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Carbon-Monoxide-Information-Center">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carbon Monoxide Poisoning" url="https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/atg/PDF_s/Preparedness___Disaster_Recovery/Disaster_Preparedness/Home_Fire/FireCOFactSheet.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carbon monoxide poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002804.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention" url="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/prevention/life-safety-hazards/carbon-monoxide/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>United States Fire Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbon Monoxide's Impact on Indoor Air Quality" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/carbon-monoxides-impact-indoor-air-quality" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/impacto-del-monoxido-de-carbono-en-la-calidad-del-aire-de-los-interiores">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carbon+Monoxide+Poisoning%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPSC Warns of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning with Camping Equipment" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/CampingEquipmentPortableHeaterSafetyAlert.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin derivatives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003371.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Protect Your Family From Carbon Monoxide Poisoning" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/Pages/How-to-Prevent-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/paginas/how-to-prevent-carbon-monoxide-poisoning.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Information for Older Adults and Their Caregivers" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P1002RC8.PDF">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carbon Monoxide Poisoning" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Carbon+Monoxide+Poisoning%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quiet Killer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/digital-social-media-tools/cdctv/carbon-monoxide/quiet-killer-carbon-monoxide.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Your Furnace Kicks On, Be Sure Poison Gas Isn't Coming Out" url="https://www.cdc.gov/carbon-monoxide/media/pdfs/Furnace.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/carbon-monoxide/media/pdfs/CO_Furnace_Safety_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Carcinoid tumors can happen in the lungs or digestive tract. Learn about risk factors, tests, treatment, and more. " title="Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/carcinoidtumors.html" id="1277" language="English" date-created="05/23/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing cancers. They usually start in the lining of the digestive tract or in the lungs. They grow slowly and don't produce symptoms in the early stages. As a result, the average age of people diagnosed with digestive or lung carcinoids is about 60.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In later stages the tumors sometimes produce hormones that can cause carcinoid syndrome. The syndrome causes flushing of the face and upper chest, diarrhea, and trouble breathing. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Surgery is the main treatment for carcinoid tumors. If they haven't spread to other parts of the body, surgery can cure the cancer. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carcinoidtumors.html" id="1798" language="Spanish">Carcinoide</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002276">Carcinoid Tumor</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carcinoidtumors.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="5-HIAA urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003612.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoid syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000347.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoid Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carcinoid-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20370666?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carcinoid-tumors/symptoms-causes/syc-20351039?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/carcinoid-tumors/symptoms-causes/syc-20351039?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/child-gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrino-gi-infantiles-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoid Tumor" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoid+Tumor%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.carcinoid.org/for-patients/more-information/faq/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Carcinoid Cancer Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information About Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrinos-gi-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Lung Carcinoid Tumor Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-carcinoid-tumor/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Carcinoid Tumor Stages" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-carcinoid-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Carcinoid+Tumor%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask about Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Lung Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-carcinoid-tumor/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serotonin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003562.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq#_27" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrinos-gi-pdq#_27">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery to Treat Lung Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-carcinoid-tumor/treating/surgery.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-carcinoid-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors, by Extent of Disease" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/treating/by-stage.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Lung Carcinoid by Type and Extent of Disease" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-carcinoid-tumor/treating/by-stage.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq#_57" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrinos-gi-pdq#_57">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Lung Carcinoid Tumors?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-carcinoid-tumor/about/what-is-lung-carcinoid-tumor.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor/about/what-is-gastrointestinal-carcinoid.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los tumores carcinoides comienzan en la membrana interna de las vías digestivas o en los pulmones. Puede provocar síndrome carcinoide. Síntomas, pruebas, " title="Carcinoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carcinoidtumors.html" id="1798" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los tumores carcinoides son cánceres raros y de crecimiento lento. Comienzan en la membrana interna de las vías digestivas o en los pulmones. Crecen lentamente y no presentan síntomas en las etapas tempranas. Debido a esto, la edad promedio de las personas al momento del diagnóstico es aproximadamente de 60 años de edad.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En etapas más avanzadas, el tumor a veces produce hormonas que provocan síndrome carcinoide. El síndrome causa enrojecimiento de la cara y la parte superior del pecho, diarrea y problemas respiratorios.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El principal tratamiento para los carcinoides es la cirugía. Si no se han diseminado a otras partes del cuerpo, la cirugía puede curar el cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carcinoidtumors.html" id="1277" language="English">Carcinoid Tumors</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumores neuroendocrinos gastrointestinales)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrinos-gi-pdq#_57" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq#_57">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los tumores neuroendocrinos gastrointestinales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrinos-gi-pdq#_27" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq#_27">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de serotonina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003562.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores neuroendocrinos gastrointestinales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrinos-gi-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de orina 5-HIAA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003612.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome carcinoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000347.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome carcinoide debido a tumores neuroendocrinos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gastrointestinales-y-pancre%C3%A1ticos/s%C3%ADndrome-carcinoide-debido-a-tumores-neuroendocrinos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores neuroendocrinos gastrointestinales infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrino-gi-infantiles-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/child-gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores carcinoides" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/carcinoid-tumors/symptoms-causes/syc-20351039?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carcinoid-tumors/symptoms-causes/syc-20351039?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores carcinoides: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/carcinoid-tumors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351044?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is a program to help you get better after heart problems or heart surgery.  Learn what it includes and how it can help." title="Cardiac Rehabilitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617" language="English" date-created="08/24/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is a medically supervised program to help people who have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html"&gt;Angioplasty&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html"&gt;coronary artery bypass grafting&lt;/a&gt; for coronary heart disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;heart valve&lt;/a&gt; repair or replacement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;heart transplant&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;lung transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;Angina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The goal is to help you return to an active life, and to reduce the risk of further heart problems.  A team of specialists will create a plan for you that includes exercise training, education on heart healthy living, and counseling to reduce stress.  You will learn how to reduce your risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, depression, and diabetes. Being overweight, having obesity, smoking, and not exercising are other risk factors. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618" language="Spanish">Rehabilitación cardíaca</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000072038">Cardiac Rehabilitation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cardiacrehabilitation.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1598">How to Prevent Heart Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Heart Diseases--Rehabilitation</see-reference>
<site title="All about Heart Rate (Pulse)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/all-about-heart-rate-pulse">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Rehabilitation" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-rehabilitation/about/pac-20385192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-rehabilitation/about/pac-20385192?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac rehabilitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000791.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cardiac Rehabilitation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cardiac+Rehabilitation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Problems and Solutions for Being Physically Active" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-rehab/getting-physically-active/common-problems-and-solutions-for-being-physically-active">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Well and Losing Weight" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-rehab/taking-care-of-yourself/eating-well-and-losing-weight">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Anatomy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Information Center" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Treatments" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to take your pulse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientimages/000309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientimages/000309.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Your Medicines" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-rehab/managing-your-medicines">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post Surgery Milestones: Managing Your Mood, Expectations and Goals" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/recovery-and-healthy-living-goals-for-heart-valve-patients/post-surgery-milestones-managing-your-mood-expectations-and-goals">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Rehabilitation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cardiac+Rehabilitation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003399.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Yourself" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-rehab/taking-care-of-yourself">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Control: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cardiac Rehabilitation?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-rehab/what-is-cardiac-rehabilitation" language-mapped-url="http://esamericanheart.convertlanguage.com/img/aheart/ES_509.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cardiomiopatía causa que el corazón aumente su tamaño. Puede causar complicaciones serias, como insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmia y paro cardiaco." title="Cardiomiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3755" language="Spanish" date-created="02/11/2004">
<also-called>Miocardiopatía</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cardiomiopatía es el nombre que se usa para llamar a las enfermedades del músculo cardíaco. Estas enfermedades aumentan el tamaño del corazón o lo hacen más grueso y rígido que lo normal. En raros casos, el tejido cicatrizante reemplaza el tejido muscular. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con cardiomiopatía tienen vidas largas y sanas. Muchas de ellas no se dan cuenta de que la tienen. Sin embargo, en otros casos puede hacer que el corazón sea menos capaz de bombear sangre a todo el cuerpo. Esto puede causar complicaciones serias, entre ellas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	       &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Ritmos cardíacos anormales&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;Paro cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;	
	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;infartos&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;hipertensión arterial&lt;/a&gt;, algunas infecciones y otras enfermedades también pueden causar cardiomiopatía. Algunos tipos de cardiomiopatía son hereditarios. A pesar de eso, en muchas personas se desconoce la causa. El tratamiento puede incluir medicinas, cirugía, otros procedimientos médicos y cambios en el estilo de vida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3754" language="English">Cardiomyopathy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="1833">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</related-topic>
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<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia miocárdica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003873.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000022.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomiopatía" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomiopatia/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomyopathy/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomiopatía dilatada" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomiopatia-dilatada/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/dilated.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomiopatía restrictiva" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomiopatia-restrictiva/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/restrictive-cardiomyopathy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de LCHAD" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13052/deficiencia-de-lchad/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción diastólica" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/disfuncion-diastolica/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diastolic-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Danon" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12318/enfermedad-de-danon/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudios y procedimientos diagnósticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/estudios-y-procedimientos-diagnosticos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diagnostic-tests-and-procedures/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370709?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001105.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho (MAVD)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/displasia-ventricular-derecha-arritmogenica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/arrhythmogenic-right-ventricular-dysplasia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía dilatada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000168.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/heart/paginas/pediatric-cardiomyopathy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/heart/Pages/Pediatric-Cardiomyopathy.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía hipertrófica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000192.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía periparto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000188.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía restrictiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000189.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000189.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370714?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocarditis" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/miocarditis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000149.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocarditis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/myocarditis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/myocarditis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocarditis pediátrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007307.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007307.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muerte súbita en jóvenes: se suele atribuir a problemas cardíacos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/art-20047571?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/ART-20047571?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11856/sindrome-de-noonan/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007343.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cardiomyopathy is a disease that causes the heart to become enlarged, thick, or stiff. Read about the different types, their symptoms, and treatments." title="Cardiomyopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3754" language="English" date-created="02/02/2004">
<also-called>Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy</also-called>
<also-called>Dilated cardiomyopathy</also-called>
<also-called>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</also-called>
<also-called>Myocardiopathy</also-called>
<also-called>Restrictive cardiomyopathy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cardiomyopathy is the name for diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases enlarge your heart muscle or make it thicker and more rigid than normal. In rare cases, scar tissue replaces the muscle tissue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people live long, healthy lives with cardiomyopathy. Some people don't even realize they have it. In others, however, it can make the heart less able to pump blood through the body. This can cause serious complications, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Abnormal heart rhythms &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Heart valve problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;Sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt; (SCA)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;Heart attacks&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, infections, and other diseases can all cause cardiomyopathy. Some types of cardiomyopathy run in families. In many people, however, the cause is unknown. Treatment might involve medicines, surgery, other medical procedures, and lifestyle changes. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3755" language="Spanish">Cardiomiopatía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009202">Cardiomyopathies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="198">Congenital Heart Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/arrhythmogenic-right-ventricular-dysplasia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/displasia-ventricular-derecha-arritmogenica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arrhythmogenic-right-ventricular-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Barth syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/barth-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomyopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000022.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomyopathy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370709?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomyopathy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomyopathy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomiopatia/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomyopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001105.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomyopathy in Children and Teens" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/heart/Pages/Pediatric-Cardiomyopathy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/heart/paginas/pediatric-cardiomyopathy.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causes of Cardiomyopathy" url="https://www.childrenscardiomyopathy.org/pages/about-disease/causes/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Children's Cardiomyopathy Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cardiomyopathies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cardiomyopathies%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Danon disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/danon-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diastolic Dysfunction" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diastolic-dysfunction/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/disfuncion-diastolica/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilated Cardiomyopathy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dilated-cardiomyopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20353149?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilated cardiomyopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000168.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dilated-cardiomyopathy-with-ataxia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/early-onset-myopathy-with-fatal-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial dilated cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-dilated-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial restrictive cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-restrictive-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Anatomy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart PET scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007343.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000192.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Broken Heart Syndrome Real?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/is-broken-heart-syndrome-real">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keratoderma with woolly hair: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/keratoderma-with-woolly-hair">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LDH isoenzyme blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocardial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003873.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocarditis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352539?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myocarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352539?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000149.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocarditis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/myocarditis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/myocarditis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocarditis - pediatric" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007307.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007307.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocarditis and Pericarditis after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peripartum cardiomyopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000188.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomyopathy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cardiomyopathies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Restrictive cardiomyopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000189.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000189.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restrictive Cardiomyopathy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/restrictive-cardiomyopathy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomiopatia-restrictiva/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Death in Young People: Heart Problems Often Blamed" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/ART-20047571?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/art-20047571?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cardiomyopathy?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-dilated-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Caregiving can be rewarding, but it may also be stressful and sometimes even overwhelming. Learn how to prevent or relieve caregiver stress." title="Caregiver Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html" id="7547" language="English" date-created="05/26/2020">
<also-called>Caring for the caregiver</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a caregiver?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html"&gt;caregiver&lt;/a&gt; gives care to someone who needs help taking care of themselves. The person who needs help may be a child, an adult, or an older adult. They may need help because of an injury, chronic illness, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disability&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some caregivers are informal caregivers. They are usually family members or friends. Other caregivers are paid professionals. Caregivers may give care at home or in a hospital or other health care setting. Sometimes they are caregiving from a distance. The types of tasks that caregivers do may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helping with daily tasks like bathing, eating, or taking medicine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arranging activities and medical care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making health and financial decisions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does caregiving affect the caregiver?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Caregiving can be rewarding. It may help to strengthen connections to a loved one. You may feel fulfillment from helping someone else. But caregiving may also be stressful and sometimes even overwhelming. Caregiving may involve meeting complex demands without any training or help. You may also be working and have children or others to care for. To meet all of the demands, you might be putting your own needs and feelings aside. But that's not good for your long-term health. But you need to make sure that you are also taking care of yourself.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What is caregiver stress?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many caregivers are affected by caregiver &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;. This is the stress that comes from the emotional and physical strain of caregiving. The signs include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling overwhelmed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling alone, isolated, or deserted by others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleeping too much or too little&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gaining or losing a lot of weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling tired most of the time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Losing interest in activities you used to enjoy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Becoming easily irritated or angered&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling worried or sad often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headaches&lt;/a&gt; or body aches often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Turning to unhealthy behaviors like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;drinking too much alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can caregiver stress affect my health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Long-term caregiver stress may put you at risk for many different health problems. Some of these problems can be serious. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A weak immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Excess weight and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, cancer, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt;. Depression and obesity can raise the risk of these diseases even more.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with short-term &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory&lt;/a&gt; or paying attention&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can I do to prevent or relieve caregiver stress?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taking steps to prevent or relieve caregiver stress may help prevent health problems. Remember that if you feel better, you can take better care of your loved one. It will also be easier to focus on the rewards of caregiving. Some ways to help yourself include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Learning better ways to help your loved one.&lt;/strong&gt; For examples, hospitals offer classes that can teach you how to care for someone with an injury or illness.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Finding caregiving resources in your community to help you.&lt;/strong&gt; Many communities have adult daycare services or respite services. Using one of these can give you a break from your caregiving duties.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asking for and accepting help.&lt;/strong&gt; Make a list of ways others can help you. Let helpers choose what they would like to do. For instance, someone might sit with the person you care for while you do an errand. Someone else might pick up groceries for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Joining a support group for caregivers.&lt;/strong&gt; A support group can allow you to share stories, pick up caregiving tips, and get support from others who face the same challenges as you do.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being organized&lt;/strong&gt; to make caregiving more manageable. Make to-do lists and set a daily routine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Staying in touch with family and friends.&lt;/strong&gt; It's important for you to have emotional support.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Taking care of your own health.&lt;/strong&gt; Try to find time to be &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;physically active&lt;/a&gt; on most days of the week, choose healthy foods, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;get enough sleep&lt;/a&gt;. Make sure that you keep up with your medical care such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html"&gt;regular checkups&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;screenings&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Considering taking a break from your job&lt;/strong&gt;, if you also work and are feeling overwhelmed. Under the federal Family and Medical Leave Act, eligible employees can take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year to care for relatives. Check with your human resources office about your options.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html" id="7548" language="Spanish">Salud del cuidador</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017028">Caregivers</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="1564">Alzheimer's Caregivers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html" id="610">Caregivers</related-topic>
<site title="Caregiver Depression" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/caregiver-health/caregiver-depression">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Health" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/caregiver-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Health and Wellness" url="https://familydoctor.org/caregiver-health-and-wellness/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/salud-y-bienestar-del-cuidador/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Stress" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/caregiver-stress" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/caregiver-stress">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Stress" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/caregiver-health/caregiver-stress">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for the Caregiver" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/caring-for-the-caregiver" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/como-cuidarse">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Caregiver Burden" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=caregiver+burden&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Caregiving: Take Care of Yourself While Caring for Others" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/coping-caregiving" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-lidiar-con-el-cuidado">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: Memory Loss Among Caregivers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/caregiving/data-research/memory-loss/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(caregivers[majr]+OR+caregivers/psychology[majr])+AND+(mental+health[majr]+OR+social+support[mh]+OR+caregiver+burden[mh])+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+AND+(jsubsetk[text]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetn[text])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])+AND+%22last+2+Years%22[edat]">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Support for Caregivers of Cancer Patients" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of You: Self-Care for Family Caregivers" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/taking-care-you-self-care-family-caregivers/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Yourself When You're a Cancer Caregiver" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/caregivers/what-a-caregiver-does/taking-care-of-yourself.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Yourself: Tips for Caregivers" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/caregiving/taking-care-yourself-tips-caregivers">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Caregiver Burnout?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-caregiver-burnout.pdf?la=en">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you a caregiver? If so, you may have to help with cooking, paying bills, and more. Learn about caregiving and how to find support for yourself. " title="Caregivers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html" id="610" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A caregiver gives care to someone who needs help taking care of themselves. The person who needs help may be a child, an adult, or an older adult. They may need help because of an injury or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disability&lt;/a&gt;.  Or they may have a chronic illness such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt; or cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some caregivers are informal caregivers. They are usually family members or friends. Other caregivers are paid professionals. Caregivers may give care at home or in a hospital or other health care setting. Sometimes they are caregiving from a distance. The types of tasks that caregivers do may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helping with daily tasks like bathing, eating, or taking medicine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing housework and cooking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Running errands such as shopping for food and clothes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Driving the person to appointments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Providing company and emotional support&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arranging activities and medical care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making health and financial decisions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Caregiving can be rewarding. It may help to strengthen connections to a loved one. You may feel fulfillment from helping someone else. But caregiving may also be stressful and sometimes even overwhelming. You may be "on call" for 24 hours a day. You may also be working outside the home and taking care of children. So you need to make sure that you are not ignoring your own needs. You have to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html"&gt;take care of your own physical and mental health&lt;/a&gt; as well. Because when you feel better, you can take better care of your loved one. It will also be easier to focus on the rewards of caregiving.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html" id="2232" language="Spanish">Proveedor de atención al paciente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017028">Caregivers</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/caregivers.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="1564">Alzheimer's Caregivers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html" id="7547">Caregiver Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html" id="1659">Home Care Services</related-topic>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Day Care" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Adult_Day_Care.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bathing a patient in bed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000427.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brushing: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/oral-health-aging-brushing.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/brushing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Action Network" url="https://www.caregiveraction.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Caregiver Action Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Statistics: Demographics" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/caregiver-statistics-demographics/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiver Support" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/caregiver-support">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caregiving - resources - older adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000954.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiving and Sibling Relationships: Challenges and Opportunities" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/caregiving-and-sibling-relationships-challenges-and-opportunities/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiving at Home: A Guide to Community Resources" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/caregiving-home-guide-community-resources/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for a Person Who Has Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities" url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-a-person-who-has-intellectual-or-developmental-disabilities/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/atencion-en-casos-de-discapacidad-intelectual-o-del-desarrollo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Siblings of Kids with Disabilities" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/siblings-special-needs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/siblings-special-needs.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Caregivers" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=caregivers+OR+caregiving&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry Mouth and Older Adults: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/dry-mouth-and-older-adults.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/dry-mouth-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Readiness for Older Adults and People with Disabilities" url="https://acl.gov/news-and-events/acl-blog/emergency-readiness-older-adults-and-people-disabilities">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Family Care Navigator: State-by-State Help for Family Caregivers" url="https://www.caregiver.org/connecting-caregivers/services-by-state/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Family Caregivers and Transportation: A Few Survival Tips (Healthy Living Tips)" url="https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/news%202017-03/HealthyLivingTips_Transport_SurvivalTips.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finding Low-Cost Dental Care: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/finding-low-cost-dental-care-EN.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/low-cost-care-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flossing: Information for Caregivers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/flossing-info-for-caregivers_1.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/flossing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide for Support Partners" url="https://cdn.sanity.io/files/y936aps5/production/aecdc13c9d92b721ef4b0be3dc8d14f20f5868f6.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/NationalMSSociety/media/MSNationalFiles/Brochures/Brochure-Cuidando-de-una-persona-con-esclerosis-multiple.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guidelines for Better Communication with Brain Impaired Adults" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/guidelines-better-communication-brain-impaired-adults/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hands-On Skills for Caregivers" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/hands-skills-caregivers/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Health Care" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-settings/home-health-care">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospital Discharge Planning: A Guide for Families and Caregivers" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/hospital-discharge-planning-guide-families-and-caregivers/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Informal Caregivers in Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/family-friends/family-caregivers-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/familia-y-amigos/familiares-a-cargo-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Long-Distance Caregiving" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/long-distance-caregiving">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MDA Resources for Caregivers" url="https://www.mda.org/care/resource-list/caregiver-resources">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moving a patient from bed to a wheelchair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caregivers" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Caregivers%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulling a patient up in bed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000429.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Yourself When You're a Cancer Caregiver" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/caregivers/what-a-caregiver-does/taking-care-of-yourself.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turning patients over in bed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000426.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="VA Caregiver Support Program" url="https://www.caregiver.va.gov/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Veterans Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Long-Distance Caregiving?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/long-distance-caregiving/what-long-distance-caregiving">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las caries dentales son causadas por acumulación de placa bacteriana. ¿Cómo prevenir las caries? " title="Caries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html" id="5952" language="Spanish" date-created="01/17/2012">
<also-called>Caries dentales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una caries?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La caries es el daño en la superficie o esmalte de un diente. Ocurre cuando bacterias en la boca fabrican ácido que ataca el esmalte. Las caries son huecos en el diente. Si no son tratadas, pueden causar dolor, infección e incluso pérdida de dientes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de las caries?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Nuestras bocas están llenas de bacteria. Algunas bacterias son beneficiosas, pero otras dañinas, incluyendo las que causan las caries. Estas bacterias se mezclan con la comida para formar una capa pegajosa llamada placa bacteriana. Las bacterias usan el azúcar y el almidón que usted come y toma para fabricar ácidos. Estos ácidos corroen los minerales del esmalte. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece y forma el sarro. Además de dañar sus dientes, la placa y el sarro puede irritar sus encías y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html"&gt;enfermedades de las encías&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted obtiene el flúor de la pasta dental, agua y otras fuentes. Este flúor, junto a la saliva, ayuda al esmalte a repararse a sí mismo al reemplazar los minerales perdidos. Sus dientes pasan por este proceso de perder y recuperar minerales durante el día. Pero si no cuida sus dientes y/o come muchos alimentos azucarados, su esmalte seguirá perdiendo minerales. Esto conduce a la aparición de caries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede aparecer una mancha blanca donde se han perdido minerales. Este es un signo temprano de caries. Es posible que pueda detenerla o revertirla. Su esmalte aún puede repararse a sí mismo si cuida mejor sus dientes y limita los alimentos y bebidas azucarados o almidonados.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pero si el proceso de caries dental continúa, se pierden más minerales. Con el tiempo, el esmalte se debilita y se destruye, formando una caries, o un agujero en su diente. Este es un daño permanente que un dentista tiene que reparar con un relleno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de caries?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los principales factores de riesgo de caries dental son descuidar sus dientes y consumir demasiadas comidas y bebidas azucaradas o con almidón.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen un mayor riesgo de caries dentales, incluyendo quieres:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No tienen suficiente saliva debido a medicamentos, ciertas enfermedades o algunos tratamientos para el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No obtener suficiente flúor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son muy jóvenes. Los bebés y niños pequeños que toman biberón están en riesgo, especialmente si se les da jugo o se los toman a la hora de acostarse. Esto expone sus dientes a los azúcares durante largos períodos de tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son mayores. Muchos adultos mayores tienen encías en retroceso y más desgaste en sus dientes. Estos aumentan el riesgo de caries en las superficies expuestas de las raíces de sus dientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las caries?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La caries dental temprana por lo general no tiene síntomas. A medida que la caries empeora, puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de dientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensibilidad a los dulces, calientes o fríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manchas blancas o marrones en la superficie de un diente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un hueco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una infección que puede provocar la formación de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html"&gt;absceso&lt;/a&gt; (bolsa de pus). El absceso puede causar dolor, hinchazón facial y fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las caries?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;En general, los dentistas encuentran caries al observar sus dientes y examinarlos con instrumentos dentales. Su dentista también le preguntará si tiene algún síntoma. A veces es posible que necesite una radiografía dental.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las caries?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tratamientos para la caries dental. El tratamiento que reciba depende de qué tan serio sea el problema:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamientos con flúor:&lt;/strong&gt; Si tiene caries dental temprana, un tratamiento con flúor puede ayudar al esmalte a repararse por sí mismo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rellenos:&lt;/strong&gt; Si tiene una caries típica, su dentista removerá el tejido dental cariado y luego lo restaurará llenándolo con un material de relleno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamiento de conducto:&lt;/strong&gt; Si el daño al diente y/o una infección se extienden a la pulpa (interior del diente), es posible que necesite una endodoncia. Su dentista extirpará la pulpa cariada y limpiará el interior del diente y la raíz. El siguiente paso es tapar el diente con un relleno temporal. Luego tendrá que regresar para obtener un relleno permanente o una corona (una cubierta en el diente)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Extracción:&lt;/strong&gt; En los casos más severos, cuando el daño a la pulpa no puede ser reparado, su dentista puede sacar el diente. Su dentista le sugerirá que obtenga un puente o implante para reemplazar la pieza faltante. De lo contrario, los dientes junto a la pieza extraída pueden moverse y cambiar su mordida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la caries dental?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Hay pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la caries dental:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtenga suficiente flúor
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Cepíllese con una pasta dental con flúor&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Beba agua del grifo con flúor. La mayoría del agua embotellada no contiene flúor&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Use un enjuague bucal con flúor&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practique una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html"&gt;buena salud bucal&lt;/a&gt; al cepillarse los dientes dos veces al día con una pasta dental con fluoruro y usar hilo dental regularmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Opte por alimentos y bebidas que no tengan un alto contenido de azúcares y almidones. Consuma comidas nutritivas, balanceadas y limite las meriendas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No use productos de tabaco, incluido el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;tabaco sin humo&lt;/a&gt;. Si actualmente consume tabaco, considere &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visite a un dentista para chequeos regulares y limpiezas profesionales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese de que a sus hijos le sellen los dientes. Los selladores dentales son recubrimientos plásticos delgados que protegen las superficies de los dientes posteriores. Los niños deben ponerse selladores en sus dientes traseros tan pronto salgan, antes de que las caries puedan atacar los dientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html" id="5951" language="English">Tooth Decay</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html" id="1847">Salud dental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html" id="1811">Salud dental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html" id="3070">Trastornos dentales</related-topic>
<site title="Agua fluorada (y el riesgo de cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-agua-fluorada" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/fluoridated-water-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amalgama dental" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/amalgam_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caries" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/trastornos-dentales/caries" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/tooth-disorders/cavities">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caries dental en la primera infancia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caries dentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001055.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caries dentales: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cavities/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352898?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar cuidados dentales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/como-encontrar-cuidados-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/FindingDentalCare/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la caries dental en su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/paginas/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/pages/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de muelas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/art-20056628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/ART-20056628?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de muelas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003067.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Empastes dentales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-empastes-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/dental-fillings">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen dental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fluoruro en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002420.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flúor y la salud dental" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/fluor-y-salud-dental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fluoride">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (de términos dentales)" url="https://www.mouthhealthy.org/es-MX/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Identificación de la placa dental en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="La caries dental" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-caries-dental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tooth-decay">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Microbios bucales: Los útiles y los dañinos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/microbios-bucales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/05/mouth-microbes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas mayores y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health.pdf">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selladores dentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000779.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Selle los dientes contra la caries dental" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/selle-los-dientes-contra-la-caries-dental.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/seal-out-tooth-decay.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selledores dentales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-selladores-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/dental-sealants">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="In carotid artery disease, a waxy substance (plaque) clogs the arteries that bring blood to your brain and head. Find out how it cause a stroke.  " title="Carotid Artery Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html" id="4063" language="English" date-created="01/12/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your carotid arteries are two large blood vessels in your neck. They supply your brain and head with blood.  If you have carotid artery disease, the arteries become narrow or blocked, usually because of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque, which is made up of fat, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Carotid artery disease is serious because it can block the blood flow to your brain, causing a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;. Too much plaque in the artery can cause a blockage. You can also have a blockage when a piece of plaque or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; breaks off the wall of an artery. The plaque or clot can travel through the bloodstream and get stuck in one of your brain's smaller arteries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Carotid artery disease often does not cause symptoms until the blockage or narrowing is severe.  One sign may be a bruit (whooshing sound) that your doctor hears when listening to your artery with a stethoscope. Another sign is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;transient ischemic attack&lt;/a&gt; (TIA), a "mini-stroke." A TIA is like a stroke, but it only lasts a few minutes, and the symptoms usually go away within an hour. Stroke is another sign.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Imaging tests can confirm whether you have carotid artery disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html"&gt;Healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carotid endarterectomy, surgery to remove the plaque&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html"&gt;Angioplasty&lt;/a&gt;, a procedure to place a balloon and stent into the artery to open it and hold it open&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html" id="4064" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de las arterias carótidas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002340">Carotid Artery Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400">Atherosclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" id="6248">Ischemic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html" id="1570">Transient Ischemic Attack</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carotid Endarterectomy</see-reference>
<site title="American Stroke Association" url="https://www.stroke.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent placement - carotid artery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002953.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002953.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent placement - carotid artery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000235.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening" url="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/carotid-angioplasty-and-stenting/about/pac-20385111?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid Artery Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20360519?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid Artery Disease" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/carotid-artery-disease/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedad-de-las-arterias-carotidas/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007427.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid Artery Screening" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/screening-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/screening-carotid">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery stenosis - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000717.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000238.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002951.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100124_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100124_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid duplex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003774.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003774.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid Ultrasound Imaging" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-carotid">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carotid Artery Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carotid+Artery+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carotid Stenosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carotid+Stenosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Endarterectomy, Carotid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=carotid+endarterectomy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Doppler Ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia-doppler/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MR Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carotid Artery Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Carotid+Artery+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Atherosclerosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atherosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aterosclerosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Is the numbness and pain in your arm and wrist a passing cramp or carpal tunnel syndrome? Learn about carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms and treatment." title="Carpal Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="179" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<also-called>Median nerve entrapment</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is carpal tunnel syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Carpal tunnel syndrome is the name for a group of problems that includes numbness, tingling, weakness, or pain in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;wrist&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hand&lt;/a&gt;. It's a very common condition that happens when a nerve in your wrist becomes squeezed.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The carpal tunnel is a narrow opening between the bones in your wrist and the ligament that holds them together.  A nerve, called the median nerve, runs from your lower arm through the carpal tunnel and into your hand. This nerve provides feeling to your thumb and first three fingers.  It also helps you move your thumb.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Tendons also run from your lower arm, through the carpal tunnel, and into your hand. The tendons connect your finger bones to muscles in your arm, so you can bend your fingers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendons become swollen&lt;/a&gt; or irritated inside the carpal tunnel, they may press on the nerve. The squeezed nerve may not work well, which can lead to numbness, weakness, and other symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In certain cases, the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is unknown. But it usually happens from a combination of things that affect the structures in your wrist, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Injury to your wrist&lt;/strong&gt; that causes swelling, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;sprain&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;broken bone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Health conditions&lt;/strong&gt; that can affect your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;nerves&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jointdisorders.html"&gt;joints&lt;/a&gt;, or other parts of your wrist, for example:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;Rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A cyst or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;tumor&lt;/a&gt; in your wrist.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Changes in  certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;, which may cause swelling from extra fluid in your body. Examples include an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;underactive thyroid gland&lt;/a&gt; (hypothyroidism), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Problems with the way your wrist is formed.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Doing the same wrist and hand movements&lt;/strong&gt; over and over, such as: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Assembly line work.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Carpentry or using tools that vibrate.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Knitting, gardening, or sports, such as golf.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers aren't sure whether long-term typing or computer use leads to carpal tunnel syndrome.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop carpal tunnel syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Carpal tunnel syndrome usually happens only in adults. You're more likely to develop it if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are a woman.&lt;/strong&gt; Women are three times more likely to have carpal tunnel syndrome than men.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a health condition&lt;/strong&gt; that may affect structures in your wrist.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do activities with repeated hand motions.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have had a wrist injury.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/"&gt;a close relative&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; who has had carpal tunnel syndrome, such as a parent, brother or sister.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may feel &lt;strong&gt;numbness, tingling&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;burning&lt;/strong&gt; in your fingers, especially in your thumb, index, and middle fingers. Symptoms often affect both hands.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;In the early stages, symptoms usually:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Start slowly in your dominant hand (the one you write with)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Happen at night if you sleep with your wrists bent&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As symptoms get worse, you may notice:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tingling, pain, or weakness with certain activities, such as driving or holding a phone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty grasping or holding small things&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling like your fingers are swollen when they're not&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Without treatment, you could lose feeling in some fingers and have permanent weakness in your thumb. But early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent lasting damage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 


&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;How is carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have carpal tunnel syndrome, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your medical history&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html"&gt;family health history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do a physical exam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Order tests if needed&lt;/strong&gt;, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/laboratorytests.html"&gt;Lab tests&lt;/a&gt; to look for diseases that may damage nerves&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;X-rays&lt;/a&gt; to look for broken bones or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tests to measure the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/"&gt;electrical activity in your nerves and muscles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;Ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; to check the nerve in the carpal tunnel&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's easier to treat carpal tunnel syndrome early on, so you should start treatment as soon as possible. Your provider will first treat any health conditions you have that may cause your symptoms. The next step would be treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wrist splints&lt;/strong&gt; (usually worn at night).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rest.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines to reduce swelling and pain:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Over-the-counter &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen sodium.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prescription&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt;, either pills or an injection (shot) into your wrist.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" tid="132"&gt;Other therapies (complementary and integrative medicine)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Research shows that yoga may help with pain and weakness. Some people may find &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuncture&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html"&gt;chiropractic&lt;/a&gt; care helpful, but research hasn't shown that these therapies can improve carpal tunnel syndrome. If you want to try other therapies, talk with your provider first.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html"&gt;Surgery&lt;/a&gt; to make more space in the carpal tunnel.&lt;/strong&gt; Surgery may be an option if your symptoms are severe and other treatments don't work. It involves cutting the wrist ligament to take pressure off the nerve.  Recovery may take months. Carpal tunnel syndrome rarely comes back after surgery, but mild symptoms may last.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can carpal tunnel syndrome be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may help prevent carpal tunnel syndrome if you protect your wrists:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html"&gt;good posture&lt;/a&gt; to keep your wrists in a natural position.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Keep your hands warm to keep your muscles flexible. Fingerless gloves may help.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Take work breaks and vary your tasks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stretch and exercise your hands and wrists.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html"&gt;Organize your workspace and tools to reduce strain&lt;/a&gt; on your hands and wrists.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="1799" language="Spanish">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002349">Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657">Wrist Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Carpal tunnel biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003925.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal Tunnel Exercises: Can They Relieve Symptoms?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/expert-answers/carpal-tunnel-exercises/FAQ-20058125?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/expert-answers/carpal-tunnel-exercises/faq-20058125?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal tunnel release" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002976.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal tunnel repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100078_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100078_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/carpal-tunnel-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/sindrome-del-tunel-carpiano">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carpal Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/carpal-tunnel-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/carpal-tunnel-syndrome">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/carpal-tunnel-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal tunnel syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000433.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carpal tunnel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carpal-tunnel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carpal+Tunnel+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Keyboards" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/keyboards">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Wrist/Palm Supports" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/wrist-palm-support">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finger Numbness: Could It Be Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/finger-numbness" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entumecimiento-de-los-dedos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-neuropathy-with-liability-to-pressure-palsies">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Joint and Soft Tissue Injections" url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carpal Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Carpal+Tunnel+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Wrist Arthroscopy" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/treatment/wrist-arthroscopy/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wrist Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Rays: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cartilage covers the ends of your bones. Sports injuries and other disorders can cause cartilage problems. Learn how to take care of your cartilage." title="Cartilage Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cartilagedisorders.html" id="1412" language="English" date-created="12/28/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cartilage is the tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. It also gives shape and support to other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose and windpipe. Healthy cartilage helps you move by allowing your bones to glide over each other. It also protects bones by preventing them from rubbing against each other. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Injured, inflamed, or damaged cartilage can cause symptoms such as pain and limited movement. It can also lead to joint damage and deformity. Causes of cartilage problems include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tears and injuries, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Genetic factors &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Other disorders, such as some types of arthritis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; results from breakdown of cartilage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cartilagedisorders.html" id="1800" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del cartílago</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002357">Cartilage Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cartilagedisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1411">Connective Tissue Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/jointdisorders.html" id="4621">Joint Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304">Knee Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Costochondritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Polychondritis</see-reference>
<site title="Arthroscopy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cauliflower Ear" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cauliflower-ear.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cartilage Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cartilage+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Polychondritis, Relapsing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Polychondritis,+Relapsing%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000164.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/costochondritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371175?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/costochondritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/costochondritis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enchondroma" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/enchondroma">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial osteochondritis dissecans: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-osteochondritis-dissecans">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucosamine: Does It Protect Cartilage in Osteoarthritis?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/glucosamine/FAQ-20058430?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/glucosamine/faq-20058430?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Plate Fractures" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/growth-plate-fractures/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fracturas-del-cartilago-de-crecimiento-growth-plate-fractures/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Plate Injuries" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-en-las-placas-de-crecimiento">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hallux Rigidus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Lesson: Learning About Joints" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/educational-resources/health-lesson-learning-about-joints">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hip Labral Tear" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee microfracture surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007255.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniscal allograft transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007209.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniscus Tears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meniscus-tear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meniscus-tear.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniscus tears - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondritis Dissecans" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteochondritis-dissecans/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteocondritis-disecante-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondritis Dissecans (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondrodysplasias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/connective-tissue-disorders-in-children/osteochondrodysplasias" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-del-tejido-conjuntivo-en-ni%C3%B1os/osteocondrodisplasias">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus carinatum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003321.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003320.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002949.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100035_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100035_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perichondritis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/perichondritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/pericondritis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perichondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001253.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cartilage Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cartilage+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La caspa es una descamación de la piel de su cuero cabelludo. Por lo general, es un síntoma de la dermatitis seborreica o seborrea. Aquí más información." title="Caspa, costra láctea y otras afecciones del cuero cabelludo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html" id="6411" language="Spanish" date-created="10/19/2016">
<also-called>Dermatitis seborreica</also-called>
<also-called>Eccema seborreico</also-called>
<also-called>Seborrea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cuero cabelludo es la piel que cubre la parte superior de su cabeza. A menos que se le &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html"&gt;caiga el pelo&lt;/a&gt;, el cabello crece en el cuero cabelludo. Diferentes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html"&gt;problemas de la piel&lt;/a&gt; pueden afectar su cuero cabelludo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La caspa es una descamación de la piel. Las escamas son amarillas o blancas. La caspa puede provocar picazón en su cuero cabelludo. Por lo general, comienza después de la pubertad y es más común en los hombres. Usualmente, la caspa es un síntoma de la dermatitis seborreica o seborrea, una afección de la piel que causa enrojecimiento e irritación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las veces, el uso de un champú anticaspa puede ayudar a controlar la caspa. Si eso no funciona, contacte a su proveedor de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay un tipo de dermatitis seborreica que puede afectar a los bebés, la costra láctea. Por lo general, dura unos pocos meses y luego desaparece por sí sola. Además del cuero cabelludo, a veces puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, como los párpados, las axilas, la ingle y las orejas. Lavar el cabello de su bebé todos los días con un champú suave y frotar suavemente el cuero cabelludo con los dedos o con un cepillo suave puede ayudar. Para los casos severos, el médico puede recetarle algún champú o crema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros problemas que pueden afectar el cuero cabelludo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html"&gt;Tiña&lt;/a&gt; del cuero cabelludo: Infección por hongos que causa manchas rojas en la cabeza que causan picazón. También puede dejar áreas calvas. Por lo general, afecta a los niños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html"&gt;Psoriasis&lt;/a&gt; del cuero cabelludo: Causa manchas que pican o piel gruesa, roja con escamas plateadas que provocan dolor. Cerca de la mitad de las personas con psoriasis la presentan en su cuero cabelludo
&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html" id="6410" language="English">Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html" id="2150">Enfermedades de la piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html" id="2197">Infecciones por tiña</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html" id="1932">Piojos de la cabeza</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5429">Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html" id="2112">Psoriasis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Costra láctea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cuero cabelludo, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Caspa (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dandruff.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dandruff.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caspas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dandruff/symptoms-causes/syc-20353850?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/symptoms-causes/syc-20353850?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caspas: Tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dandruff/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353854?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353854?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costra láctea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007582.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costra láctea (dermatitis seborreica) en los bebés (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cradle-cap.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cradle-cap.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuero cabelludo lipedematoso" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12975/cuero-cabelludo-lipedematoso/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/prurito-y-dermatitis/dermatitis-seborreica">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000963.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dermatitis-seborreica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica infantil (costra láctea)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Paginas/Cradle-Cap.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica infantil: Tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cradle-cap/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350400?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cradle-cap/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350400?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis en comparación con dermatitis seborreica del cuero cabelludo: ¿Cuál es la diferencia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/faq-20058544?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/FAQ-20058544?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/Paginas/Ringworm.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000878.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña del cuero cabelludo (Tinea capitis)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-f%C3%BAngicas-de-la-piel/ti%C3%B1a-del-cuero-cabelludo-tinea-capitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you feel sick after a you have been scratched or bitten by a cat, you may have cat scratch disease, also called cat scratch fever. Find out more. " title="Cat Scratch Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/catscratchdisease.html" id="4320" language="English" date-created="02/16/2006">
<also-called>CSD</also-called>
<also-called>Cat scratch fever</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an illness caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. Almost half of all cats carry the infection at some point. The infection does not make cats sick. However, the scratch or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html"&gt;bite&lt;/a&gt; of an infected cat can cause symptoms in people, including :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;lymph nodes&lt;/a&gt;, especially around the head, neck, and upper limbs&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt; Headache&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Poor appetite &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For people with weak immune systems, CSD may cause more serious problems. The best way to avoid CSD is to avoid rough play with cats that could lead to scratches or bites. If you do get a scratch or bite, wash it well with soap and water. If the bite or scratch gets infected or if you have symptoms of CSD, call your doctor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/catscratchdisease.html" id="4321" language="Spanish">Enfermedad por arañazo de gato</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002372">Cat-Scratch Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/catscratchdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="About Bartonella" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bartonella/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cat scratch disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001614.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cat Scratch Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cat-scratch.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cat-scratch.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cat-Scratch Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cat-scratch-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-por-aranazo-de-gato-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/cats.htmL">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cat-Scratch Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cat-Scratch+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cat Scratch Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cat-Scratch+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A cataract is a clouding of the lens in your eye. It affects your vision. Cataracts are very common in older people. Learn about symptoms and surgery." title="Cataract" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html" id="116" language="English" date-created="11/20/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A cataract is a clouding of the lens in your eye.  It affects your vision.  Cataracts are very common in older people. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A cataract can occur in either or both eyes. It cannot spread from one eye to the other. Common symptoms are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurry vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Colors that seem faded&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Glare - headlights, lamps or sunlight may seem too bright. You may also see a halo around lights.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to see well at night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Double vision &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent prescription changes in your eye wear &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cataracts usually develop slowly. New glasses, brighter lighting, anti-glare sunglasses or magnifying lenses can help at first. Surgery is also an option. It involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. Wearing sunglasses and a hat with a brim to block ultraviolet sunlight may help to delay cataracts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html" id="1801" language="Spanish">Cataratas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002386">Cataract</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165">Vision Impairment and Blindness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artificial Lens</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intraocular Lens</see-reference>
<site title="Aging and Health: Cataracts" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/cataracts">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Foundation for the Blind" url="https://www.afb.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-optic-atrophy-and-cataract">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cataract" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/cataract">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataract" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000024.htm">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cataract - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001001.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataract removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002957.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataract Surgery" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/cataratas-cirugia">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataract surgery - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100079_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100079_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataracts" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/cataracts?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataracts - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000210.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cataract" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cataract%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lenses, Intraocular" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lenses,+Intraocular%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cloudy Vision? It Could be Cataracts" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/09/cloudy-vision">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital cataract" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001615.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001615.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Exam and Vision Testing Basics" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Cataract" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/cataratas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts and Myths about Cataracts" url="https://preventblindness.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/MK08_Cataract_Facts_0.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Prevent Blindness America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperferritinemia-cataract-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intraocular Lens Dislocation" url="https://www.asrs.org/patients/retinal-diseases/27/intraocular-lens-dislocation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Retina Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intraocular Lens Implant (IOL)" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/intraocular-lens-implant-iol">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="IOL Implants: Lens Replacement after Cataracts (Intraocular Lenses)" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/cataracts-iol-implants" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/cataratas-implantes-de-lio">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NEI for Kids: Glossary" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Not Seeing Clearly? Cataracts Might Be the Problem" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-eyes-have-it" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/no-ve-con-claridad-las-cataratas-podrian-ser-el-problema">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preoperative Testing" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/choosing-wisely-preoperative-testing">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataract" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cataract%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retained Lens Fragments" url="https://www.asrs.org/patients/retinal-diseases/23/retained-lens-fragments">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Retina Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slit-lamp exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Standard eye exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Cataracts?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-son-las-cataratas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Do Cataracts Look Like?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/cataracts-pictures-videos" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/fotografias-y-videos-de-cataratas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las cataratas nublan la visión de los ojos. Son más comunes en los adultos mayores. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las cataratas. " title="Cataratas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html" id="1801" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una catarata opaca o nubla el lente del ojo. Esto afecta la vista. Las cataratas son muy comunes en las personas mayores. A los 80 años de edad, más de la mitad de las personas que viven en los Estados Unidos tiene cataratas o se ha sometido a una cirugía de cataratas.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las cataratas pueden afectar uno o los dos ojos pero no se contagia de uno a otro. Los síntomas más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vista borrosa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Colores que parecen desteñidos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Resplandor alrededor de las luces: puede ser que las luces de los coches, lámparas y del sol se vean demasiado brillantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dificultad para ver bien de noche &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ver doble &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios frecuentes en las recetas de sus lentes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las cataratas suelen aparecer lentamente. El uso de anteojos nuevos, la iluminación más brillante, anteojos de sol antirreflejo o lentes de aumento puede ayudar al principio. La cirugía también es una opción. Incluye la extirpación del lente opacado y su reemplazo por un lente artificial. El uso de anteojos de sol y sombrero con visera que bloquee la luz ultravioleta pueden ayudar a demorar la aparición de cataratas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html" id="116" language="English">Cataract</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<site title="Cataratas" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/cataratas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cataratas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000024.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cataratas congénitas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001615.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001615.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataratas en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001001.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cataratas: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000210.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de cataratas: ¿Cuándo es el método de láser una buena idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cataract-surgery/about/pac-20384765?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre exámenes y pruebas de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con lámpara de hendidura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de cataratas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002957.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lentes intraoculares (LIO)" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/lentes-intraoculares">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="No pierda de vista la catarata" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/health-pdfs/SpanDLS_Cataract.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Operación de cataratas" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/cataratas-cirugia" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de lente y cirugía de cataratas" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/cataratas-implantes-de-lio" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/cataracts-iol-implants">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie de la cirugía de cataratas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100079_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100079_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo son las cataratas?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/fotografias-y-videos-de-cataratas" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/cataracts-pictures-videos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿No ve con claridad? Las cataratas podrían ser el problema." url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/no-ve-con-claridad-las-cataratas-podrian-ser-el-problema" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-eyes-have-it">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las cataratas?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-son-las-cataratas" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mayoría de las veces, las caídas no son graves, pero otras veces pueden causar serios problemas de salud, sobre todo en personas mayores. Prevención. " title="Caídas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html" id="2262" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las caídas pueden ser peligrosas a cualquier edad. Los bebés y los niños pequeños pueden lastimarse al caerse de los muebles o al bajar las escaleras. Los niños mayores pueden caerse de los juegos en el parque. Para las personas mayores, las caídas pueden ser especialmente graves y tienen un mayor riesgo de caerse. También es más probable que se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;quiebren un hueso&lt;/a&gt; al caerse, especialmente si tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;. Un hueso roto, sobre todo cuando es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;cadera&lt;/a&gt;, puede incluso llevar a la discapacidad y la pérdida de independencia de los adultos mayores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas causas comunes de caídas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;Problemas de equilibrio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos medicamentos, que pueden hacer que se sienta mareado, confundido o lento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Problemas de la vista&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber alcohol, lo que puede afectar su equilibrio y reflejos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad muscular, especialmente en las piernas, que puede hacer que le resulte más difícil levantarse de una silla o mantener el equilibrio cuando camina sobre una superficie irregular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertas enfermedades, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial baja&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;neuropatía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reflejos lentos, que hacen que sea difícil mantener el equilibrio o alejarse de algún peligro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tropezar o resbalar debido a la pérdida de equilibrio o tracción&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A cualquier edad, las personas pueden hacer cambios para reducir el riesgo de caídas. Es importante cuidar su salud, incluso hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html"&gt;exámenes de ojos&lt;/a&gt; regulares. Hacer ejercicio puede disminuir su riesgo de caídas al fortalecer sus músculos, mejorar su equilibrio y mantener sus huesos fuertes. Y puede buscar formas de hacer que su casa sea más segura. Por ejemplo, puede eliminar cosas que pueden hacerle tropezar y colocar barandas en las escaleras y en el baño. Para reducir las posibilidades de quebrarse un hueso si se cae, asegúrese de tomar suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html" id="1661" language="English">Falls</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<site title="Campaña Nacional para Prevenir las Caídas en la Construcción" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/construction/es/falls-prevention-campaign/campana-nacional-para-prevenir-las-caidas-en-la-construccion.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caídas en la construcción" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2012-142_sp/pdfs/2012-142_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-142/pdfs/2012-142.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caídas: Cómo disminuir su riesgo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/caidas-como-disminuir-su-riesgo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/first-aid/falls-how-to-lower-your-risk.printerview.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las lesiones por caídas y por intentos de treparse a muebles o de agarrar objetos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-falls.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de una caída en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000441.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios para ayudar a prevenir caídas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del riesgo de caídas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-riesgo-de-caidas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fall-risk-assessment/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareo y caídas" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/dizziness-and-falls-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de caídas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000052.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de caídas después de un derrame cerebral" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/independent-living/preventing-falls.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Coping with celiac disease can be challenging. Learn about gluten-free diets, signs and symptoms, tests, and more." title="Celiac Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<also-called>Celiac sprue</also-called>
<also-called>Gluten-sensitive enteropathy</also-called>
<also-called>Nontropical sprue</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is celiac disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Celiac disease is a chronic (long-term) &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html"&gt;digestive&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune&lt;/a&gt; disorder that damages your small intestine. The damage may prevent your body from absorbing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and other nutrients from the food you eat. This can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html"&gt;malnutrition&lt;/a&gt; and other serious health problems&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Celiac disease is triggered by eating foods that contain gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and other grains. It may also be in other products like vitamins and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;supplements&lt;/a&gt;, hair and skin products, toothpastes, and lip balm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Celiac disease is different from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glutensensitivity.html"&gt;gluten sensitivity&lt;/a&gt;. Both involve problems with gluten and can cause some of the same symptoms, such as &lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;. But gluten sensitivity does not damage the small intestine like celiac disease does.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Wheat allergy, a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"&gt;food allergy&lt;/a&gt;, is also different. With both celiac disease and wheat allergy, your immune system is reacting to wheat. But with wheat allergy, you can have some different symptoms, such as itchy eyes or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;. And a wheat allergy will not cause long-term damage to the small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes celiac disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of celiac disease is not known. Research suggests that celiac disease only happens in people who have certain genes and eat food that contains gluten. Researchers are studying other factors that may play a role in causing the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop celiac disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Celiac disease is more common if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family member who has the disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;Turner syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, or Williams syndrome&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are White&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are female&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of celiac disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of celiac disease can be different from person to person. Sometimes the symptoms may come and go. Some people may not notice any symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the possible symptoms affect your digestive system. Digestive symptoms are more common in children than in adults. The digestive symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating (feeling fullness or swelling in your belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic (long-term) &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt; or greasy, bulky, unusually bad-smelling stool (poop)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html"&gt;Gas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;Lactose intolerance&lt;/a&gt; because of damage to the small intestine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the abdomen (belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss in adults, or not enough weight gain in children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with celiac disease have symptoms that affect other parts of the body, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability (in children)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dermatitis herpetiformis, an itchy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt; with blisters (mainly in adults)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone or joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Symptoms involving the mouth, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html"&gt;canker sores&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can celiac disease cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time, celiac disease can cause other health problems, especially if it is not treated. These problems can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Malnutrition&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;, especially iron-deficiency anemia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;Bone loss&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Nervous system problems&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headaches&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance problems&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;peripheral neuropathy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reproductive problems, such as missed &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;menstrual periods&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriages&lt;/a&gt; in women and infertility in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html"&gt;men&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;women&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is celiac disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have symptoms of celiac disease, your health care provider will look for signs that you might have celiac disease. To do this, your provider will get your medical and family history and do a physical exam.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your provider thinks that you could have celiac disease, you will have some tests. Providers most often use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/celiac-disease-screening/"&gt;blood tests&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsies&lt;/a&gt; of the small intestine to diagnose celiac disease. The biopsy would be done during an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. For this procedure, your provider uses an endoscope (a flexible tube with a camera) to see the lining of your esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It also allows your provider to take a sample of tissue for a biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for celiac disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for celiac disease is following a gluten-free diet for the rest of your life. Sticking with a gluten-free diet will treat or prevent many of the symptoms and other health problems caused by celiac disease. In most cases, it can also heal damage in the small intestine and prevent more damage. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Your provider may refer you to a registered dietician (a nutrition expert) who can help you learn how to eat a healthy diet without gluten. You will also need to avoid all hidden sources of gluten, such as certain supplements, cosmetics, toothpaste, etc. Reading product labels can sometimes help you avoid gluten. If a label doesn't tell you what is in a product, check with the company that makes the product for an ingredients list. Don't just assume that a product is gluten-free if it doesn't mention it.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802" language="Spanish">Enfermedad celíaca</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002446">Celiac Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/glutensensitivity.html" id="6244">Gluten Sensitivity</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gluten Intolerance</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nontropical Sprue</see-reference>
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<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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</site>
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<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
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<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Xylose Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and deep underlying tissues. The cause is usually a type of strep bacteria. Learn about symptoms and treatment." title="Cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html" id="1227" language="English" date-created="06/02/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and deep underlying tissues. Group A strep (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;streptococcal&lt;/a&gt;) bacteria are the most common cause.  The bacteria enter your body when you get an injury such as a bruise, burn, surgical cut, or wound.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever and chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen glands or lymph nodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A rash with painful, red, tender skin. The skin may blister and scab over.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may take a sample or culture from your skin or do a blood test to identify the bacteria causing infection. Treatment is with antibiotics. They may be oral in mild cases, or intravenous (by IV) for more severe cases.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html" id="1803" language="Spanish">Celulitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002481">Cellulitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="418">Staphylococcal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html" id="421">Streptococcal Infections</related-topic>
<site title="Cellulitis" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/cellulitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370762?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cellulitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cellulitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000855.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/cellulitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis Infection: Is It Contagious?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/FAQ-20058458?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/faq-20058458?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis: How to Prevent Recurrent Episodes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/FAQ-20058135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/faq-20058135?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cellulitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cellulitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erysipelas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000618.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erysipelas" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Erysipelas?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopeptide A blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group A Streptococcal Infections" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/group-streptococcal-infections">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ludwig angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001047.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orbital cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perianal streptococcal cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001346.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periorbital cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000976.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cellulitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cellulitis?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cellulitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-celulitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La celulitis es una infección de la piel y los tejidos más profundos. La causa es a menudo un tipo de bacteria. Entérese de síntomas, tratamientos." title="Celulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html" id="1803" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La celulitis es una infección de la piel y los tejidos más profundos. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;estreptococo&lt;/a&gt; del grupo A es la causa más común. La bacteria entra en su cuerpo cuando usted se lesiona la piel como sucede en una herida, quemadura o corte quirúrgico.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre y escalofríos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación de los nódulos o ganglios linfáticos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Erupción dolorosa donde la piel se presenta roja y frágil. Se pueden formar ampollas y costras &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de cuidados de salud puede tomar una muestra o cultivo de la piel o hacer un análisis de sangre para identificar la bacteria que está causando la infección. El tratamiento consiste en antibióticos orales (por la boca) en el caso de casos leves o por vía intravenosa (a través de una vena) en los casos más severos.  &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html" id="1227" language="English">Cellulitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="2170">Infecciones por estafilococo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html" id="2174">Infecciones por estreptococo</related-topic>
<site title="Angina de Ludwig" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001047.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000855.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370762?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cellulitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cellulitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis amigdalina y absceso amigdalino" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-boca-y-la-garganta/celulitis-amigdalina-y-absceso-amigdalino" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/mouth-and-throat-disorders/tonsillar-cellulitis-and-tonsillar-abscess">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis estreptocócica perianal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001346.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis infecciosa: ¿Es contagiosa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/faq-20058458?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/FAQ-20058458?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis orbitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001012.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis periorbitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000976.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis: Cómo prevenir los episodios recurrentes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/faq-20058135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/expert-answers/cellulitis/FAQ-20058135?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erisipela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopéptido A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la celulitis?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-celulitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cellulitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los centros de salud como hospitales, clínicas y centros de especialistas proveen cuidados y servicios médicos. ¿Cómo elegir el más adecuado para usted?" title="Centros de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfacilities.html" id="1934" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Clínicas</also-called>
<also-called>Hospitales</also-called>
<also-called>Sanatorios</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los centros de salud son lugares que brindan cuidados para la salud. Incluyen hospitales, clínicas, centros de cuidados ambulatorios y centros de cuidados especializados, tales como las maternidades y los centros psiquiátricos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al elegir un centro de salud, usted puede considerar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La cercanía a donde vive o trabaja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si su seguro médico paga los servicios en ese centro &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si su médico puede atenderlo allí &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La calidad del establecimiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La calidad es importante. Algunos centros trabajan mejor que otros. Una forma de saber acerca de la calidad de un centro es revisar los informes realizados por el gobierno federal, estatal y grupos de consumidores.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfacilities.html" id="486" language="English">Health Facilities</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html" id="1962">Cuidados de hospicio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html" id="2057">Residencias para personas mayores</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cuidado de la salud, Centros de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hospitales</see-reference>
<site title="Applicación QuestionBuilder en español" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buscar y comparar proveedores cerca de usted." url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros de maternidad y servicios de maternidad hospitalarios" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/birth-centers-hospitals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/birth-centers-hospitals.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros de salud escolares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/school-based-health.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/school-based-health.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros especializados de enfermería o rehabilitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos para niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000841.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros para el cuidado de heridas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo escoger el mejor hospital para su cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007497.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un hospital" url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=Hospital" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir al hospital" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hospital.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hospital.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Momento de dejar el hospital: Su plan para el alta médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precauciones de aislamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir infecciones al realizar visitas a alguien en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Selección de los centros especializados de enfermería y rehabilitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cerebellar disorders are problems with the cerebellum, an area of the brain that controls coordination and balance. Ataxias is one of these disorders." title="Cerebellar Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5919" language="English" date-created="11/08/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you play the piano or hit a tennis ball you are activating the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the area of the brain that controls coordination and balance. Problems with the cerebellum include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetic disorders&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Ataxias - failure of muscle control in the arms and legs that result in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Degeneration - disorders caused by brain cells decreasing in size or wasting away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment of cerebellar disorders depends on the cause. In some cases, there is no cure but treatment may help with symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5920" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del cerebelo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002526">Cerebellar Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ataxiatelangiectasia.html" id="3795">Ataxia Telangiectasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html" id="174">Brain Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/friedreichataxia.html" id="4359">Friedreich Ataxia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3117">Genetic Brain Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ataxia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dandy-Walker Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Acute cerebellar ataxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001397.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-with-oculomotor-apraxia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-pancytopenia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxias and Cerebellar or Spinocerebellar Degeneration" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/ataxia-and-cerebellar-or-spinocerebellar-degeneration" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-y-la-degeneracion-cerebelosa-o-espinocerebelosa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-recessive-cerebellar-ataxia-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Birth Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/birth-disorders-brain-and-spinal-cord">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebellar Degeneration" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebellar-degeneration" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/degeneracion-cerebelosa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebellar Hypoplasia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebellar-hypoplasia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ataxia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ataxia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cerebellar Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cerebellar+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonica" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dyssynergia-cerebellaris-myoclonica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Episodic ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/episodic-ataxia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gordon Holmes syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gordon-holmes-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/infantile-onset-spinocerebellar-ataxia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Joubert Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/joubert-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miller Fisher Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/miller-fisher-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple system atrophy - cerebellar subtype" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000758.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myoclonic epilepsy myopathy sensory ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-myopathy-sensory-ataxia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neuropathy-ataxia-and-retinitis-pigmentosa">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paraneoplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/paraneoplastic-syndromes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pontocerebellar hypoplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pontocerebellar-hypoplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebellar Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cerebellar+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinocerebellar-ataxia-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinocerebellar-ataxia-type-2">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinocerebellar-ataxia-type-3">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinocerebellar-ataxia-type-6">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinocerebellar Ataxias Including Machado-Joseph Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinocerebellar-ataxias-including-machado-joseph-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vldlr-associated-cerebellar-hypoplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cerebral palsy, CP happens when areas of the brain that control movement and posture do not develop correctly or get damaged. Treatment can improve." title="Cerebral Palsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html" id="180" language="English" date-created="09/09/1999">
<also-called>CP</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cerebral palsy (CP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that cause problems with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt;, and posture. CP affects the cerebral motor cortex. This is the part of the brain that directs muscle movement. In fact, the first part of the name, cerebral, means having to do with the brain. The second part, palsy, means weakness or problems with using the muscles.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of cerebral palsy (CP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of CP:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spastic cerebral palsy&lt;/strong&gt;, which is the most common type. It causes increased muscle tone, stiff muscles, and awkward movements. Sometimes it only affects one part of the body. In other cases, it can affect both arms and legs, the trunk, and the face.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dyskinetic cerebral palsy&lt;/strong&gt;, which causes problems controlling the movement of the hands, arms, feet, and legs. This can make it hard to sit and walk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ataxic cerebral palsy&lt;/strong&gt;, which causes problems with balance and coordination.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mixed cerebral palsy&lt;/strong&gt;, which means that you have symptoms of more than one type.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes cerebral palsy (CP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CP is caused by abnormal development or damage to the developing brain. It could happen when:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The cerebral motor cortex doesn't develop normally during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;fetal growth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There is an injury to the brain before, during, or after birth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both the brain damage and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disabilities&lt;/a&gt; it causes are permanent.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for cerebral palsy (CP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CP is more common among boys than girls. It affects black children more often than white children.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Certain medical conditions or events that can happen during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html"&gt;delivery&lt;/a&gt; that may increase a baby's risk of being born with cerebral palsy, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;born too small&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;born too early&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being born a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;twin or other multiple birth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) or other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;assisted reproductive technology&lt;/a&gt; (ART)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;An infection in the pregnant parent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Health problems in the pregnant parent, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;jaundice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;complications during birth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html"&gt;Rh incompatibility&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;Seizures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to toxins&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs of cerebral palsy (CP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different types and levels of disability with CP. So the signs can be different in each child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The signs usually appear in the early months of life. But sometimes there is a delay in getting a diagnosis until after age two. Infants with CP often have developmental delays. They are slow to reach developmental milestones such as learning to roll over, sit, crawl, or walk. They may also have abnormal muscle tone. They may seem floppy, or they may be stiff or rigid.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;It's important to know that children without CP can also have these signs. Contact your child's health care provider know if your child has any of these signs, so you can get a correct diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diagnosing CP involves several steps:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Developmental monitoring&lt;/strong&gt; (or surveillance) means tracking a child's growth and development over time. If there are any concerns about your child's development, then he or she should have a developmental screening test as soon as possible.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Developmental screening&lt;/strong&gt; involves a giving your child a short test to check for motor, movement, or other developmental delays. If the screenings are not normal, the provider will recommend some evaluations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Developmental and medical evaluations&lt;/strong&gt; are done to diagnose which disorder your child has. The provider many use many tools to make the diagnosis:
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;A check of your child's motor skills, muscle tone, reflexes, and posture.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;A medical history.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lab tests, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic tests&lt;/a&gt;, and/or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for cerebral palsy (CP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for CP, but treatment can improve the lives of those who have it. It is important to begin a treatment program as early as possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A team of health professionals will work with you and your child to develop a treatment plan. Common treatments include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Assistive devices&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical, occupational, recreational, and speech therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can cerebral palsy (CP) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You cannot prevent the genetic problems that can cause CP. But it may be possible to manage or avoid some of the risk factors for CP. For example, making sure that pregnant women have been vaccinated could prevent certain infections that can cause CP in unborn babies. Using cars seats for infants and toddlers could prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html"&gt;head injuries&lt;/a&gt;, which can be a cause of CP.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html" id="1804" language="Spanish">Parálisis cerebral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002547">Cerebral Palsy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="About Cerebral Palsy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cerebral-palsy/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC/ParalisisCerebral-11Cosas/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxic Cerebral Palsy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ataxic-cp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ataxic-cp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Treatment for Muscle Spasms" url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Your Child with Cerebral Palsy (CP): Ages 6-12" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cp-checklist-big-kids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cp-checklist-big-kids.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Your Child with CP: Birth to Age 5" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cp-checklist-younger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cp-checklist-younger.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Palsy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebral-palsy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/paralisis-cerebral">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral palsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000716.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Palsy (CP)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cerebral-palsy/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Palsy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cerebral-palsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cerebral-palsy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Palsy Checklist: Teens &amp; Young Adult (13 to 21)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cp-checklist-teens.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cp-checklist-teens.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cerebral Palsy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cerebral+Palsy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Needs for Kids With Cerebral Palsy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diet-cerebral-palsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diet-cerebral-palsy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dressing with Ease, Style, and Comfort" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/fyi-dressing-ease-style-and-comfort">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dyskinetic-cp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dyskinetic-cp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypertonia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#hypertonia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Palsy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cerebral+Palsy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Spastic Cerebral Palsy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spastic-cp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spastic-cp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spasticity" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#spasticity">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The cervix is the lower part of a woman's uterus. Most cervical cancer is caused by the HPV virus. It can often be cured if found early - learn how." title="Cervical Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html" id="111" language="English" date-created="03/05/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. Cervical cancer is caused by a virus called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt;. The virus spreads through sexual contact. Most women's bodies are able to fight HPV infection. But sometimes the virus leads to cancer. You're at higher risk if you smoke, have had many children, use birth control pills for a long time, or have HIV infection. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms at first. Later, you may have pelvic pain or bleeding from the vagina. It usually takes several years for normal cells in the cervix to turn into cancer cells. Your health care provider can find abnormal cells by doing a Pap test to examine cells from the cervix. You may also have an HPV test.  If your results are abnormal, you may need a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; or other tests. By getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;screenings&lt;/a&gt;, you can find and treat any problems before they turn into cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. The choice of treatment depends on the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread and whether you would like to become pregnant someday.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vaccines can protect against several types of HPV, including some that can cause cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002583">Uterine Cervical Neoplasms</descriptor>
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<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancer.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6206">Cervical Cancer Screening</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervixdisorders.html" id="5415">Cervix Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5321">Women's Health Checkup</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/pdf/cervical_facts.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Cervical cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000893.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000893.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cervical cancer -- screening and prevention" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Cervical Cancer Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/es/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/causes-risk-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/causas-factores-riesgos-prevencion#section/all">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Diagnosis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cervical Cancer Prognosis and Survival Rates" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/survival" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/supervivencia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cervical Cancer Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cervical Cancer Stage IA" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9080">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Stage IB1" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9081">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Stage IB2 and IB3" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=12542">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Stage IIIA" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9238">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cervical Cancer Stage IIIB" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9239">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Stage IVA" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9240">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Stage IVB" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9232">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/stages" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/estadios">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Survivor Urges Young People to Get HPV Vaccine" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cervical-cancer-survivor-urges-young-people-to-get-hpv-vaccine" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sobreviviente-de-cancer-cervical-llama-a-los-jovenes-a-vacunarse-contra-el-vph">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Symptoms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Treatment by Stage" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment/by-stage" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento/segun-estadio">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Treatment during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment/cancer-treatment-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento/tratamiento-cancer-durante-embarazo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical dysplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001491.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical dysplasia - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100080_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100080_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Dysplasia: Is It Cancer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/FAQ-20058142?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/faq-20058142?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervix cryosurgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002917.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Cervical and Vaginal Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/childhood-cervical-vaginal-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/cancer-cuello-uterino-vagina-infantil">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Cervical+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy - directed biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cone biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003910.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/coping" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/hacer-frente">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryosurgery to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/cryosurgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/cirugia/crioterapia">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/cervical">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Screening Program Near You" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cervical-cancer-screening/about/screenings.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gynecologic Cancers: Treatment Types" url="https://www.rtanswers.org/cancer-types/gynecologic-cancers/treatment-types">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Radiation Oncology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Fashion Designer Liz Lange Beat Cervical Cancer" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-fashion-designer-liz-lange-beat-cervical-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-la-disenadora-de-modas-liz-lange-vencio-al-cancer-de-cuello-uterino">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/vph-y-cancer">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Cervical Cancer: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hpv-and-cervical-cancer-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-vph-y-el-cancer-de-cuello-uterino-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Pap Test Results: Next Steps after an Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Test" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-vacuna-vph">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/loop-electrosurgical-excision-procedure-leep">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-pildoras-anticonceptivas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Uterine+Cervical+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/treating/surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/tratamiento/cirugia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cervical Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Cervical Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Reduce your risk of cervical cancer by getting vaccinated against HPV and have regular screening tests." title="Cervical Cancer Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6206" language="English" date-created="11/04/2014">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy.  Cancer screening is looking for cancer before you have any symptoms. Cancer found early may be easier to treat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;Cervical cancer&lt;/a&gt; screening is usually part of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html"&gt;woman's health checkup&lt;/a&gt;.  There are two types of tests: the Pap test and the HPV test.   For both, the doctor or nurse collects cells from the surface of the cervix.  With the Pap test, the lab checks the sample for cancer cells or abnormal cells that could become cancer later.  With the HPV test, the lab checks for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt; infection.  HPV is a virus that spreads through sexual contact.  It can sometimes lead to cancer.  If your screening tests are abnormal, your doctor may do more tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cervical cancer screening has risks.  The results can sometimes be wrong, and you may have unnecessary follow-up tests.  There are also benefits.  Screening has been shown to decrease the number of deaths from cervical cancer. You and your doctor should discuss your risk for cervical cancer, the pros and cons of the screening tests, at what age to start being screened, and how often to be screened.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6207" language="Spanish">Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de cuello uterino</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065006">Papanicolaou Test</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061809">Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014626">Vaginal Smears</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cervicalcancerscreening.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html" id="111">Cervical Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html" id="1715">HPV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5321">Women's Health Checkup</related-topic>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical cancer -- screening and prevention" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion#section/all">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Screening: Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/cervical-cancer-screening">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Human+Papillomavirus+DNA+Tests%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Papanicolaou Test" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Papanicolaou+Test%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaginal Smears" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vaginal+Smears%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy - directed biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Screening Program Near You" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cervical-cancer-screening/about/screenings.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Screened for Cervical Cancer" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-screened-cervical-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/pruebas-deteccion/hazte-prueba-deteccion-cancer-cuello-uterino">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Fashion Designer Liz Lange Beat Cervical Cancer" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-fashion-designer-liz-lange-beat-cervical-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-la-disenadora-de-modas-liz-lange-vencio-al-cancer-de-cuello-uterino">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Pap Test Results: Next Steps after an Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Test" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007534.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="I Had a Hysterectomy. Do I Still Need to See My Ob-Gyn? Do I Still Need Pap Tests?" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/ask-acog/i-had-a-hysterectomy-do-i-still-need-to-see-my-ob-gyn-do-i-need-pap-tests">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Women May Not Get Needed Cervical Cancer Screenings" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/research/older-women-may-not-get-needed-cervical-cancer-screenings.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/research/older-women-cervical-cancer-screenings.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pap Smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pap Smear: Do I Need One If I'm a Virgin?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pap-smear/expert-answers/pap-smear/faq-20057782?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pap-smear/expert-answers/pap-smear/faq-20057782?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pap Smears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/pap-smears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/pap-smears.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pap Test" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8271">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pap test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003911.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pap Tests: FastStats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pap-tests.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Screening" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28%22Papanicolaou+Test%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Vaginal+Smears%22%5Bmajr%5D%29+OR+%22Human+Papillomavirus+DNA+Tests%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+3+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screening for Cervical Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/screening/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/es/screening/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Results" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-interpret-abnormal-pap-smear-results/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/comprender-los-resultados-anormales-en-las-pruebas-de-deteccion-del-cancer-cervical/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The cervix is the lower part of a woman's uterus. Read about problems that can affect the cervix, like cervicitis (inflammation) and cervical polyps." title="Cervix Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervixdisorders.html" id="5415" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. The cervix has a small opening that expands during childbirth. It also allows menstrual blood to leave a woman's body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may perform a Pap test during your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html"&gt;health checkup&lt;/a&gt; to look for changes to the cells of the cervix, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cervical cancer&lt;/a&gt;. Other problems with the cervix include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cervicitis - inflammation of the cervix. This is usually from an infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cervical incompetence - This can happen during pregnancy.  The opening of the cervix widens long before the baby is due.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cervical polyps and cysts - abnormal growths on the cervix&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html" id="5416" language="Spanish">Trastornos del cuello uterino</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002577">Uterine Cervical Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html" id="111">Cervical Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html" id="1715">HPV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html" id="477">Uterine Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cervical Dysplasia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uterine Cervix Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="Cervical Dysplasia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cervical-dysplasia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/displasia-cervical-papanicolau-anormal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical dysplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001491.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical dysplasia - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100080_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100080_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Dysplasia: Is It Cancer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/FAQ-20058142?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/faq-20058142?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Fibroids" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/fibroids/cervical-fibroids" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/fibromas/fibromas-cervicales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Length: Why Does It Matter during Pregnancy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical polyps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001494.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Polyps" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/women-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-gynecologic-abnormalities/cervical-polyps" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/otras-alteraciones-ginecol%C3%B3gicas/p%C3%B3lipos-cervicales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Stenosis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-gynecologic-abnormalities/cervical-stenosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/otras-alteraciones-ginecol%C3%B3gicas/estenosis-cervical">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001495.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cervix cryosurgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002917.htm">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Cervical Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Cervical+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Cervical Dysplasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Cervical+Dysplasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Colposcopy - directed biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Endocervical Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Pap Test Results: Next Steps after an Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Test" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Insufficient cervix" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000595.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/loop-electrosurgical-excision-procedure-leep">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about Cesarean delivery (C-section), surgery to deliver a baby through the mother's abdomen. It is done when a vaginal birth is not safe." title="Cesarean Delivery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html" id="3159" language="English" date-created="02/24/2003">
<also-called>C-section</also-called>
<also-called>Cesarean section</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a cesarean delivery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A cesarean delivery, also called a cesarean section or c-section, is surgery to deliver a baby. The baby is taken out through your abdomen (belly). In the United States, almost one in three babies are born this way. Some cesarean deliveries are planned. Others are emergency cesarean deliveries, which are done when &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;unexpected problems&lt;/a&gt; happen during delivery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When is a cesarean delivery needed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may need a cesarean delivery because:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;health problems&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You are carrying &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;more than one baby&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your baby is too big&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your baby is in the wrong position&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your baby's health is in danger&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Labor is not moving along as it should&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There are problems with your placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to your baby)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not everyone who has had a cesarean delivery before will need another one next time. You may be able to have a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Talk to your health care provider about what is right for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is a cesarean delivery done?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Before the surgery, you will be given pain medicine. Depending on your circumstances, you might get:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An epidural block, which numbs the lower part of the body through an injection in the spine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A spinal block, which numbs the lower part of the body through an injection directly into the spinal fluid.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;General anesthesia, which makes you unconscious during the surgery. This is often used during emergency cesarean deliveries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During the surgery, the surgeon will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make a cut in your abdomen and uterus. The cut is usually horizontal, but in some cases it may be vertical.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open the amniotic sac and take out your baby.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cut the umbilical cord and the placenta.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Close the uterus and abdomen with stitches that will later dissolve.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of a cesarean delivery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A cesarean delivery is relatively safe for you and your baby. But it is still a major surgery, and it carries risks. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;Blood loss&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt; in the legs, pelvic organs, or lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injury to surrounding structures, such as the bowel or bladder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;reaction&lt;/a&gt; to the medicines or anesthesia used&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of these risks do also apply to a vaginal birth. But it does take longer to recover from a cesarean delivery than from a vaginal birth. And having a cesarean delivery can raise the risk of having difficulties with future pregnancies. The more cesarean deliveries you have, the more the risk goes up. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html" id="3160" language="Spanish">Cesárea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002585">Cesarean Section</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cesareandelivery.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html" id="305">Childbirth</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html" id="5893">Childbirth Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>C-Section</see-reference>
<site title="After a C-section - in the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000620.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding after Cesarean Delivery" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Breastfeeding-After-Cesarean-Delivery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/breastfeeding-after-cesarean-delivery.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-section" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002911.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-section - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100191_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100191_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cesarean section" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000028.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cesarean Sections (C-Sections)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/c-sections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/c-sections.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cesarean Section" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cesarean+Section%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delivery by Cesarean Section" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Delivery-by-Cesarean-Section.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/delivery-by-cesarean-section.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Births - Method of Delivery" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/delivery.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going home after a C-section" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000624.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Having a C-Section" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/having-c-section">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labor and Delivery, Postpartum Care (Cesarean Delivery)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/c-section-recovery/art-20047310?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/c-section-recovery/art-20047310?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Reasons for a C-Section" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/medical-reasons-c-section" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/parto-y-nacimiento/cesarea-por-razones-medicas.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="PeriStats: Perinatal Statistics" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cesarean Delivery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cesarean+Section%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repeat C-Sections: Is There a Limit?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/FAQ-20058380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/faq-20058380?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal birth after C-section" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="VBAC: Know the Pros and Cons" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/vbac/art-20044869?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a C-Section?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/labor-delivery/topicinfo/c-section">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Vaginal Birth after Cesarean (VBAC)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/labor-delivery/topicinfo/vbac" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/labor-delivery/informacion/VBAC">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why at Least 39 Weeks Is Best for Your Baby" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/why-least-39-weeks-best-your-baby">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="En una cesárea, el bebé nace a través de una incisión en el abdomen de la madre. Entérese sobre las razones por las que se realiza un parto por cesárea. " title="Cesárea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html" id="3160" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<also-called>Parto por cesárea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una cesárea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una cesárea es una cirugía para dar a luz a un bebé. El bebé se saca a través de su abdomen (vientre). Casi uno de cada 3 bebés nace de esta manera en los Estados Unidos. Algunas cesáreas están planificadas. Otras son cesáreas de emergencia, es decir, se realizan cuando ocurren &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;problemas inesperados&lt;/a&gt; durante el parto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo se necesita una cesárea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite una cesárea porque:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;problemas de salud&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infección&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Está embarazada de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;más de un bebé&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su bebé es demasiado grande&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su bebé está en la posición incorrecta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La salud de su bebé está en peligro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El trabajo de parto no avanza como debería&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hay problemas con su placenta (el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes a su bebé)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todas las personas que han tenido una cesárea antes necesitarán otra de nuevo. Es posible que pueda tener un parto vaginal después de una cesárea (PVDC). Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre lo que se recomienda para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se realiza una cesárea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antes de la cirugía, le darán analgésicos. Dependiendo de sus circunstancias, puede recibir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bloqueo epidural: Adormece la parte inferior del cuerpo mediante una inyección en la columna&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bloqueo espinal: Aormece la parte inferior del cuerpo a través de una inyección directamente en el líquido cefalorraquídeo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anestesia general: Le deja inconsciente durante la cirugía. Esto se usa a menudo durante las cesáreas de emergencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante la cirugía, el cirujano:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hace una incisión en su abdomen y útero. El corte suele ser horizontal, pero en algunos casos puede ser vertical&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abre el saco amniótico y saca a su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Corta el cordón umbilical y la placenta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cierra el útero y el abdomen con puntos que luego se disolverán&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos de una cesárea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una cesárea es relativamente segura para usted y su bebé. Pero sigue siendo una cirugía mayor y conlleva riesgos. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;Pérdida de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt; en las piernas, los órganos pélvicos o los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesión a las estructuras cercanas, como el intestino o la vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;Reacción&lt;/a&gt; a los medicamentos o anestesia utilizados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de estos riesgos también se aplican a un parto vaginal. Pero toma más tiempo recuperarse de una cesárea que de un parto vaginal. Además, una cesárea puede aumentar el riesgo de tener dificultades con futuros embarazos. Cuantas más cesáreas tenga, mayor será el riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html" id="3159" language="English">Cesarean Delivery</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html" id="1995">Parto</related-topic>
<site title="Cesárea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000028.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cesárea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100191_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100191_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cesárea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002911.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cesáreas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/c-sections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/c-sections.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cesáreas repetidas: ¿Hay un límite?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/faq-20058380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/expert-answers/c-sections/FAQ-20058380?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de una cesárea en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000620.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia materna después de un parto por cesárea" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/breastfeeding-after-cesarean-delivery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Breastfeeding-After-Cesarean-Delivery.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto por cesárea" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/delivery-by-cesarean-section.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Delivery-by-Cesarean-Section.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto por cesárea por razones médicas" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/parto-y-nacimiento/cesarea-por-razones-medicas.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/medical-reasons-c-section">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto vaginal después de una cesárea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuperación de una cesárea: Qué esperar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/c-section-recovery/art-20047310?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/c-section-recovery/art-20047310?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regreso a casa después de una cesárea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000624.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el parto vaginal después de una cesárea?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/labor-delivery/informacion/VBAC" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/labor-delivery/topicinfo/vbac">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un parto por cesárea?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion/cesarea" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/cesarean">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chagas disease, also called American trypanosomiasis, is a disease caused by a parasite. It is mainly spread by kissing bugs, which are common in Latin America. It is important to get early treatment. Learn about the signs and symptoms." title="Chagas Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chagasdisease.html" id="3660" language="English" date-created="11/24/2003">
<also-called>American trypanosomiasis</also-called>
<also-called>South American trypanosomiasis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Chagas disease?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is an illness that can cause serious heart and stomach problems. It is caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasite&lt;/a&gt;. Chagas disease is common in Latin America, especially in poor, rural areas. It can also be found in the United States, most often in people who were infected before they moved to the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Chagas disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chagas disease is caused by the &lt;em&gt;Trypanosoma cruzi &lt;/em&gt; parasite. It is usually spread by infected blood-sucking bugs called triatomine bugs. They are also known as "kissing bugs" because they often bite people's faces. When one of these bugs bites you, it leaves behind infected waste. You can become infected if you rub the waste in your eyes or nose, the bite wound, or a cut.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Chagas disease can also spread through contaminated food, a blood transfusion, a donated organ, or from the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop Chagas disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kissing bugs can be found throughout the Americas, but they are more common in certain areas. The people who are most at risk for Chagas disease:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Live in rural areas of Latin America&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have seen the bugs, especially in those areas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have stayed in a house with a thatched roof or with walls that have cracks or crevices&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Chagas disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the beginning, there may be no symptoms. Some people do get mild symptoms, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Body aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A rash&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A swollen eyelid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These early symptoms usually go away. However, if you don't treat the infection, it stays in your body. Later, it can cause serious intestinal and heart problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An  serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat) that can cause sudden death&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An enlarged heart that doesn't pump blood well&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with digestion and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html"&gt;bowel movements&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An increased chance of having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Chagas disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have Chagas disease, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms and where you have lived and traveled&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will run a blood test for Chagas disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May run tests to see whether the disease has affected your intestines and heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Chagas disease?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Medicines can kill the parasite, especially early on. You can also treat related problems. For example, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;pacemaker&lt;/a&gt; can help with some heart complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can Chagas disease be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are no vaccines or medicines to prevent Chagas disease. If you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html"&gt;travel&lt;/a&gt; to areas where it occurs, you are at higher risk if you sleep outdoors or are staying in poor housing conditions. It is important to use insecticides to prevent bites and practice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;food safety&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chagasdisease.html" id="3661" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Chagas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014355">Chagas Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chagasdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>South American Trypanosomiasis</see-reference>
<site title="About Chagas Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/es/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chagas Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/onepage.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/es/informativa_breve.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chagas disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001372.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001372.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis)" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Chagas Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/diagnosis-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/hcp/diagnosis-testing/pruebas-y-diagnostico-clinicos-para-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chagas Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chagas+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/testing-diagnosis/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Information on Species of Triatomine Bugs in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/species/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Baby from Chagas Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/chagas_protect_your_baby.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/es/chagas_protect_your_baby_es.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chagas Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chagas+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Trypanosomiasis, American / Chagas Disease" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/trypanosomiasis-american-chagas-disease">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Chagas Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/treatment/tratamiento-de-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, CMT affects your peripheral nerves. Interrupting messages to your brain about things around you, like touch." title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/charcotmarietoothdisease.html" id="1260" language="English" date-created="07/11/2000">
<also-called>Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy</also-called>
<also-called>Peroneal muscular atrophy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of genetic nerve disorders. It is named after the three doctors who first identified it. In the United States, CMT affects about 1 in 2,500 people. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CMT affects your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;peripheral nerves&lt;/a&gt;. Peripheral nerves carry movement and sensation signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Symptoms usually start around the teen years. Foot problems such as high arches or hammertoes can be early symptoms. As CMT progresses, your lower legs may weaken. Later, your hands may also become weak. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose CMT by doing a neurologic exam, nerve tests, genetic tests, or a nerve biopsy. There is no cure. The disease can be so mild you don't realize you have it or severe enough to make you weak. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, braces and other devices and sometimes surgery can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/charcotmarietoothdisease.html" id="1806" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002607">Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/charcotmarietoothdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Causes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT)" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/charcot-marie-tooth/causes-inheritance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/charcot-marie-tooth-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2021/07/CMT_factSheet_Jun2021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_CMT_Spanish_0.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000727.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000727.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/charcot-marie-tooth-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Charcot-Marie-Tooth+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medical Management" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/charcot-marie-tooth/medical-management">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Neuropathy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Charcot-Marie-Tooth+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT)" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/charcot-marie-tooth/signs-and-symptoms">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of CMT" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/charcot-marie-tooth/types">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you prepared for a chemical emergency? Find out. " title="Chemical Emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3174" language="English" date-created="03/20/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When a hazardous chemical has been released, it may harm people's health. Chemical releases can be unintentional, as in the case of an industrial accident. They could also be planned, as in the case of a terrorist attack with a chemical weapon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some hazardous chemicals have been developed by military organizations for use in warfare. Examples are nerve agents such as sarin and VX. Many hazardous chemicals are used in industry - for example, chlorine, ammonia, and benzene. Some can be made from everyday items such as household cleaners.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety during a chemical emergency, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3175" language="Spanish">Emergencias químicas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D051337">Chemical Terrorism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002619">Chemical Warfare Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002618">Chemical Warfare</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chemicalemergencies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chemicalemergencies.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>Chemical Warfare</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chemical Weapons</see-reference>
<see-reference>Man-Made Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="Chemical Agents" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/Agent/AgentlistChem.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Agents: Facts about Evacuation" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/evacuationfacts.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Agents: Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/personalcleaningfacts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/planning/espanol/personalcleaningfacts.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Emergencies Overview" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/chemical/overview.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Emergency Preparedness" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/chemical-emergency.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical pneumonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000143.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Household Chemical Emergencies" url="https://www.ready.gov/household-chemical-emergencies" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/emergencias-con-productos-quimicos-en-el-hogar">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Emergencies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chemical+Warfare%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Chemical+Warfare+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Chemical+Terrorism%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stay Put and Seal Off Your Space in a Chemical Emergency" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/shelteringfacts.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)" url="https://aspr.hhs.gov/SNS/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="ToxGuides: Quick Reference Guide for Toxicological Profiles" url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxGuides/ToxGuidesLanding.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un chequeo médico puede encontrar problemas antes que presenten síntomas. Estos dependen de su edad, historia familiar y estado de salud, entre otras cosas. " title="Chequeo médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html" id="4752" language="Spanish" date-created="01/05/2009">
<also-called>Chequeo anual</also-called>
<also-called>Chequeos de rutina</also-called>
<also-called>Examen médico anual</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los chequeos médicos regulares (también conocidos como examen anual de rutina) con su profesional de la salud son diferentes a las citas por enfermedad o lesión. Estos chequeos incluyen exámenes físicos y atención preventiva. La atención preventiva puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;Pruebas de detección&lt;/a&gt;: Exámenes médicos para detectar enfermedades en etapas tempranas, cuando pueden ser más fáciles de tratar. Los exámenes que necesite dependerán de su:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Edad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sexo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Salud general&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antecedentes o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html"&gt;historia de salud familiar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Riesgos de ciertas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;Vacunas&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden mejorar su salud al prevenir enfermedades y otros problemas médicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Educación y asesoramiento para ayudarle a tomar decisiones de salud informadas: Puede incluir consejos sobre su estilo de vida, incluyendo su dieta, cuánto ejercicio hace y cualquier sustancia, alcohol o tabaco que pueda estar consumiendo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para aprovechar al máximo su próximo chequeo, algunas cosas que debe hacer antes de acudir incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Revisar su historia de salud familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Averiguar si le corresponde algún examen general o vacuna&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preparar una lista de problemas y preguntas sobre los que le gustaría hablar con su profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preparar una lista de los medicamentos, vitaminas y suplementos que toma para llevar con usted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html" id="4751" language="English">Health Checkup</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5322">Chequeo médico de la mujer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5436">Chequeo médico del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html" id="4483">Exámenes médicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html" id="2109">Vivir saludablemente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chequeo anual</see-reference>
<site title="Applicación QuestionBuilder en español" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención médica y su hijo de 13 a 18 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-13-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-13-18.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chequeo médico de la mujer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chequeo médico del bebé: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consulta preventiva de bienvenida a Medicare" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del niño sano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001928.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre las pruebas de detección para hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007465_79.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007465_19.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo entender el resultado de sus pruebas de laboratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-entender-el-resultado-de-sus-pruebas-de-laboratorio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 18 a 39 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007464.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 40 a 64 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007465.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 65 años en adelante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007466.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes medicos: Qué esperar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/med-videos-landing.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frecuencia del examen físico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002125.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablando con su doctor: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/hombre.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/healthy-men.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/hombre50.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://archive.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/men-over-50.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/women50sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/women-over-50.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Revisiones médicas de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/checkups.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios preventivos para una vida sana" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/servicios-preventivos-para-una-vida-sana/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/preventive-services-healthy-living/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mujer requiere chequeos médicos especiales. Entérese cuáles son y a la edad que se recomiendan.  " title="Chequeo médico de la mujer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5322" language="Spanish" date-created="01/08/2010">
<also-called>Chequeo médico para la mujer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los chequeos regulares con su profesional de la salud son diferentes a las visitas médicas por enfermedad o lesión. Sus chequeos, también llamados control de mujer sana, incluyen pruebas físicas y atención preventiva. Pueden ayudar a detectar problemas de salud temprano, cuando pueden ser más fáciles de tratar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su chequeo incluirá &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;exámenes de detección&lt;/a&gt; de enfermedades crónicas. Como mujer, es posible que también le hagan exámenes y pruebas de detección especiales, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examen pélvico&lt;/strong&gt;: Sirve para comprobar la salud de sus órganos reproductivos. El profesional de la salud observará su vulva, vagina y cuello uterino. También hará un examen interno para sentir el tamaño y la forma de sus órganos internos, como el útero y los ovarios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;Prueba de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Utiliza una prueba de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/"&gt;Papanicolaou&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/"&gt;prueba de VPH&lt;/a&gt; o ambas. Las pruebas pueden ayudar a prevenir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;. Un Pap detecta cáncer de cuello uterino y células anormales que podrían convertirse en cáncer. Una prueba de VPH busca los tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;virus del papiloma humano&lt;/a&gt; que pueden causar cáncer de cuello uterino. Para ambas pruebas, su profesional de la salud tomará una muestra de células de la superficie del cuello uterino y las enviará a un laboratorio para examinarlas con un microscopio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examen clínico de los senos&lt;/strong&gt; para detectar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de seno&lt;/a&gt;: El profesional de la salud palpará y observará sus senos y el área de las axilas en busca de bultos u otros cambios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas que se realicen y la frecuencia con las que las necesite dependerán de su edad, salud general y su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html"&gt;historia médica familiar&lt;/a&gt;. En algunos casos, su proveedor de atención médica también puede recomendar otras pruebas. Por ejemplo, si tiene antecedentes familiares de ciertos cánceres, puede recomendarle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante su chequeo, usted y su profesional de la salud también pueden hablar sobre otros temas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Control de la natalidad&lt;/a&gt; o planificación familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;Menopausia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preocupaciones menstruales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmitteddiseases.html" tid="2144"&gt;Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;Vacunas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su salud general, incluyendo sugerencias sobre cómo tener un estilo de vida saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para aprovechar al máximo su próximo chequeo, prepare una lista con cualquier pregunta o inquietud que tenga, para que pueda hablar sobre ellas con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5321" language="English">Women's Health Checkup</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html" id="4752">Chequeo médico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealth.html" id="2230">Salud de las mujeres</related-topic>
<see-reference>Exámenes ginecológicos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ginecológicos, Exámenes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mujer, Chequeo médico</see-reference>
<site title="Cultivo endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003754.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección y prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen pélvico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección para mujeres de 18 a 39 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007462.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para mujeres de 40 a 64 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007467.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para mujeres de 65 años en adelante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007463.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de VPH y Papanicolaou" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pap-hpv-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pap-hpv-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes ginecológicos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/mujer.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/healthy-women.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/women50sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/women-over-50.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primera visita ginecológica de su hija" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/first-gyn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/first-gyn.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de embarazo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Realiza tu &quot;visita de control de la mujer sana&quot; todos los años" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-sexual/realiza-tu-visita-control-mujer-sana-todos-anos" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/sexual-health/get-your-well-woman-visit-every-year">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007458.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios preventivos de salud para mujeres" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/preventive-care-women/" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthcare.gov/preventive-care-women/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu primer exámen pélvico" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/examen-pelvico/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pelvic-exam/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida saludable según la edad" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los chequeos médicos de los bebés son importantes para saber si su bebé está creciendo y desarrollándose normalmente." title="Chequeo médico del bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5436" language="Spanish" date-created="05/27/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tener un bebé significan muchas responsabilidades nuevas. Una de ellos es asegurarse de que su bebé reciba chequeos periódicos, también llamados exámenes o controles del niño sano. Estos son importantes para asegurarse de que su bebé esté creciendo y desarrollándose adecuadamente. Si hay algún problema, se puede detectar a tiempo, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar. El profesional de la salud de su bebé le dirá con qué frecuencia su bebé debe hacerse un chequeo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante estos controles, el profesional de la salud realiza un examen físico completo a su bebé, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medir la altura y el peso del bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Observar su cabeza, orejas, nariz y su boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escuchar su corazón y sus pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medir su audición y visión (en algunas visitas)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comprobar sus reflejos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html"&gt;desarrollo de su bebé&lt;/a&gt;. Por ejemplo, puede consultar cuándo el bebé empezó a sonreír y a darse vuelta. Durante ciertas visitas, también realizará &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/"&gt;pruebas de evaluación de comportamiento y desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El profesional de la salud usará toda esta información para verificar si su bebé está alcanzando hitos importantes del desarrollo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Su bebé también recibirá las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;exámenes&lt;/a&gt; necesarios durante la visita. Usted puede hacerle al proveedor cualquier pregunta que tenga sobre cómo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html"&gt;cuidar a su bebé&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede prepararse para los controles de su bebé al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer una lista de temas y preguntas que desea discutir con el profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar preparado para responder preguntas sobre el comportamiento y los hábitos de alimentación y sueño de su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar preparado para tomar notas durante la visita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de estos controles, si su bebé parece estar enfermo o si le preocupa su desarrollo, usted puede comunicarse en cualquier momento con el profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5435" language="English">Baby Health Checkup</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974">Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" id="4042">Evaluación del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5429">Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5432">Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bebé, Chequeo médico</see-reference>
<site title="Conocer a su recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/newborn-variations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-variations.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del niño sano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001928.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo una visita al médico (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del recién nacido: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gráficas de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l028.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l018.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l019.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l017.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Programa para las visitas de control del niño sano de la AAP" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/well-child-care-a-check-up-for-success.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pages/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Revisiones médicas de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/checkups.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visitas al pediatra: El primer año" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/visiting-the-pediatrician-the-first-year.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/family-life/health-management/pages/Visiting-The-Pediatrician-The-First-Year.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué pueden esperar los padres durante los chequeos del bienestar del niño?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/chequeos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infantcare/conditioninfo/well-child-visit">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your chest is packed with vital organs, like the esophagus, lungs, and heart. Learn about the different types of chest injuries and chest disorders." title="Chest Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5858" language="English" date-created="08/24/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the chest?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The chest is the part of your body between your neck and your abdomen (belly). The medical term for your chest is thorax.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Your chest holds many important structures for breathing, digestion, blood circulation, and other important body functions. These structures include your:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ribs and breastbone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esophagus, the tube between your mouth and stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trachea, your windpipe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronchi, the tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pleura, a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the inside wall of the chest space&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart and large blood vessels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thymus, a gland that's part of your immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nerves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are chest injuries and disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chest injuries and disorders are problems that affect any of the organs or structures located in your chest.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are many types of chest injuries and disorders, for example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Broken ribs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;Esophagus disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Swallowing disorders&lt;/a&gt;, also called dysphagia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html"&gt;Tracheal disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html"&gt;Bronchial disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Lung diseases&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html"&gt;collapsed lung&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;Pleural disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mediastinal diseases, which are tumors, inflammation, and other problems with the structures in the mediastinum, which is the space between your lungs, breastbone, and spine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thoracic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html"&gt;aortic aneurysm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html"&gt;Thoracic outlet syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chest injuries may happen from the force of car accidents, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;. Or the chest may be pierced by a bullet or sharp object. Because your chest holds so many important structures, certain chest injuries may be life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;How are chest injuries and disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diagnosis of chest injuries or disorders depends on the type of symptoms you're having and whether you've had a chest injury. Injuries are usually obvious, but in most cases, you'll need tests to know how serious an injury is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many types of tests for diagnosing different types of chest injuries and disorders, for example:&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Diagnostic imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Heart tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/"&gt;Lung function tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/"&gt;Bronchoscopy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pleural-fluid-analysis/"&gt;Pleural fluid analysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dysphagia-tests/"&gt;Dysphagia tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments will depend on the type of chest injury or disorder you have.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5859" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del tórax</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012253">Rib Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013898">Thoracic Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013896">Thoracic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html" id="4744">Chest Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html" id="6143">Collapsed Lung</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4627">Pleural Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mediastinal Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rib Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thoracic Injuries</see-reference>
<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CAT Scan (CT) - Chest" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Tube Thoracostomy" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/chest-tube-thoracostomy.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/chest-tube-thoracostomy.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest X-Ray (Radiography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mediastinal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mediastinal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rib Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rib+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thoracic Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thoracic+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thoracic Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thoracic+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000164.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/costochondritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/costochondritis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to Chest Injuries" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/introduction-to-chest-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-tor%c3%a1cicos/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-lesiones-tor%c3%a1cicas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinal Masses" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/mediastinal-masses">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinal tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001086.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/mediastinitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%c3%b3n-y-las-v%c3%adas-respiratorias/trastornos-pleurales-y-del-mediastino/mediastinitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000081.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopy with biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pectus carinatum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003321.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003320.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002949.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pectus excavatum repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100035_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100035_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumomediastinum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000084.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rib+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Thoracic+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Thoracic+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rib fracture - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000539.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rib Fractures" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/rib-fractures" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-tor%C3%A1cicos/fracturas-de-las-costillas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ribcage pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003109.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slipping rib syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007765.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Cardiothoracic Surgeon?" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/what-is-a-cardiothoracic-surgeon" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/%C2%BFqu%C3%A9-es-un-cirujano-especializado-en-cirug%C3%ADa-cardiotor%C3%A1cica-o-tor%C3%A1cica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chest pain can be caused by a heart attack, but it can have other causes. Learn about what they are, and when you should get immediate medical help." title="Chest Pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html" id="4744" language="English" date-created="07/16/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Having a pain in your chest can be scary.  It does not always mean that you are having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.  There can be many other causes, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other heart problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html"&gt;Panic attacks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digestive problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;heartburn&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;esophagus disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sore muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lung diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;pleurisy&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;pulmonary embolism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Costochondritis - an inflammation of joints in your chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of these problems can be serious.  Get immediate medical care if you have chest pain that does not go away, crushing pain or pressure in the chest, or chest pain along with nausea, sweating, dizziness or shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the cause of the pain.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html" id="4745" language="Spanish">Dolor de pecho</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002637">Chest Pain</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chestpain.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html" id="142">Angina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html" id="1653">Heartburn</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pain, Chest</see-reference>
<site title="Chest Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003079.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Pain in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Pain: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chest-pain/basics/ART-20056705?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-chest-pain/basics/ART-20056705?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chest Pain" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chest+Pain%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000164.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/costochondritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371175?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costochondritis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/costochondritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/costochondritis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPK isoenzymes test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creatine phosphokinase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Inflammation" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/inflamacion-cardiaca">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn or Heart Attack: When to Worry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="NIH Pain Consortium" url="https://www.painconsortium.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NIH Pain Consortium</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest Pain" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chest+Pain%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stress Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-esfuerzo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Angina?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/angina" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/angina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chiari Malformation (CMs) is a congenital condition in which brain tissue extends to the spinal canal. Learn about the different types and symptoms. " title="Chiari Malformation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html" id="6164" language="English" date-created="10/21/2013">
<also-called>Arnold-Chiari Malformation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Chiari malformations (CMs) are structural defects in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance.  With CM, brain tissue extends into the spinal canal.  It can happen when part of the skull is too small, which pushes the brain tissue down. There are several types of CM. One type often happens in children who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;neural tube defects&lt;/a&gt;. Some types cause no symptoms and don't need treatment. If you have symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neck pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balance problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness or other abnormal feelings in the arms or legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dizziness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor hand coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose CM using imaging tests. Medicines may ease some symptoms, such as pain. Surgery is the only treatment available to correct or stop the progression of nerve damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html" id="6165" language="Spanish">Malformaciones de Chiari</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001139">Arnold-Chiari Malformation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Arnold-Chiari Malformation</see-reference>
<site title="Chiari Malformation (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chiari.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chiari.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiari Malformation: Diagnosis" url="https://www.conquerchiari.org/documents/presentations/DIAGNOSIS%20Presentation.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>C&amp;S Patient Education Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiari Malformation: Symptoms" url="https://www.conquerchiari.org/documents/presentations/SYMPTOMS%20Presentation.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>C&amp;S Patient Education Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiari Malformation: Treatment" url="https://www.conquerchiari.org/documents/presentations/TREATMENT%20Presentation%20.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>C&amp;S Patient Education Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiari Malformations" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/chiari-malformations">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arnold-Chiari Malformation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arnold-Chiari+Malformation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiari Malformation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arnold-Chiari+Malformation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking Chiari to School: A Guide for Parents" url="https://www.conquerchiari.org/pediatric/documents/Taking%20Chiari%20to%20School%20-%20Parent%20Guide.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>C&amp;S Patient Education Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chickenpox is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It causes an itchy rash with blisters. Learn about vaccines and treatment." title="Chickenpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html" id="182" language="English" date-created="06/07/1999">
<also-called>Varicella</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Most cases are in children under age 15, but older children and adults can get it.  It spreads very easily from one person to another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The classic symptom of chickenpox is an uncomfortable, itchy rash. The rash turns into fluid-filled blisters and eventually into scabs. It usually shows up on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiredness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chickenpox is usually mild and lasts 5 to 10 days. Calamine lotions and oatmeal baths can help with itching. Acetaminophen can treat the fever. Do not use aspirin for chickenpox; that combination can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;Reye syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chickenpox can sometimes cause serious problems. Adults, babies, teenagers, pregnant women, and those with weak immune systems tend to get sicker from it. They may need to take antiviral medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once you catch chickenpox, the virus usually stays in your body.  You probably will not get chickenpox again, but the virus can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html"&gt;shingles&lt;/a&gt; in adults. A chickenpox vaccine can help prevent most cases of chickenpox, or make it less severe if you do get it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html" id="1807" language="Spanish">Varicela</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002644">Chickenpox</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chickenpox.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html" id="90">Shingles</related-topic>
<see-reference>Varicella-Zoster Virus</see-reference>
<site title="About Chickenpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibody Serology Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chicken-pox.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chicken-pox.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001592.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox (Varicella)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/varicella-chickenpox?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox (Varicella)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chicken-pox.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox and Shingles Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chickenpox-and-shingles-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-varicela-y-culebrilla/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/complications-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/varicella-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/varicella/public/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox Vaccine" url="https://familydoctor.org/chickenpox-vaccine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vacuna-contra-la-varicela/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chickenpox" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chickenpox%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Chickenpox" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chickenpox-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chickenpox-sheet.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Treat Chickenpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Photos of Chickenpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/signs-symptoms/photos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/photos-sp.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postherpetic Neuralgia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chickenpox%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reye Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/reye.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/reye.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Varicella / Chickenpox" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/varicella-chickenpox">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/varicella.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_varicella.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Makes Chickenpox Itch?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chicken-pox-itch.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chicken-pox-itch.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Vaccinate Adults Against Chickenpox" url="https://www.nfid.org/resource/why-vaccinate-teens-adolescents-and-adults-against-chickenpox/">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mosquitoes carry the Chikungunya virus. Learn about Chikungunya prevention, symptoms, treatment, and more." title="Chikungunya" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chikungunya.html" id="6345" language="English" date-created="03/22/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Chikungunya is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; that spread by the same kinds of mosquitoes that spread &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html"&gt;dengue&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html"&gt;Zika virus&lt;/a&gt;. Rarely, the virus can spread from the pregnant  parent to their newborn around the time of birth. It may also spread through contact with infected blood. There have been outbreaks of chikungunya virus in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people who have chikungunya will have symptoms, which can be severe. They usually start 3-7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt; and joint pain. Other symptoms may include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headache&lt;/a&gt;, muscle pain, joint swelling, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people feel better within a week. In some cases, however, the joint pain may last for months. People at risk for more severe disease include newborns, older adults, and people with diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blood test can show whether you have chikungunya virus. There are no medicines to treat it. Drinking lots of fluids, resting, and taking non-aspirin &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; might help you feel better.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;In the U.S., there is a vaccine for adults who are at a higher risk of getting chikungunya. You can also help prevent getting or spreading chikungunya by avoiding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito bites&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent when you go outdoors. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs, and feet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stay in places that either have air conditioning (with the windows closed) or that use window and door screens.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chikungunya.html" id="6346" language="Spanish">Chikungunya</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065632">Chikungunya Fever</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002646">Chikungunya virus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chikungunya.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545">Mosquito Bites</related-topic>
<site title="About Chikungunya" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chikingunya Virus in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/data-maps/chikungunya-us.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chikungunya" url="https://www.paho.org/en/topics/chikungunya" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=8303&amp;Itemid=40023&amp;lang=es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Pan American Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chikungunya virus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000821.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000821.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chikungunya Fever" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chikungunya+Fever%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chikungunya" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chikungunya+virus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Chikungunya+Fever%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El chikungunya es un virus transmitido por los mismos mosquitos que transmiten el dengue y el Zika. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamiento." title="Chikungunya" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chikungunya.html" id="6346" language="Spanish" date-created="03/22/2016">
<also-called>Chikunguña</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Chikungunya es un virus que es transmitido por los mismos mosquitos que transmiten el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html"&gt;Dengue&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html"&gt;Zika&lt;/a&gt;. El virus se puede propagar de la persona embarazada a su bebé al momento del nacimiento. También es posible la propagación a través del contacto con sangre infectada. Se han producido brotes del chikungunya en África, Asia, Europa, los océanos Índico y Pacífico, el Caribe y América Central y del Sur.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que tienen chikungunya presentan síntomas, los cuales pueden ser graves. Suelen comenzar de tres a siete días después de la picadura de un mosquito infectado. Los síntomas más comunes son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt; y dolor en las articulaciones. Otros síntomas pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;, dolor muscular, hinchazón de las articulaciones y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas se sienten mejor dentro de una semana. Sin embargo, en algunos casos el dolor en las articulaciones puede durar meses. Las personas en riesgo de contraer enfermedades más graves incluyen los recién nacidos, adultos mayores y las personas con enfermedades como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un análisis de sangre puede mostrar si usted tiene el virus chikungunya. No existen vacunas o medicamentos para tratarla. Beber mucho líquido, descansar y tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; sin aspirina puede ayudarle a sentirse mejor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En Estados Unidos existe una vacuna para adultos que tienen un mayor riesgo de contagiarse con chikungunya. También puede ayudar a prevenir el contagio o la propagación del chikungunya evitando las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html"&gt;picaduras de mosquitos&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilice un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE. UU. (EPA) cuando salga al aire libre. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones para usar el repelente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use ropa que le cubra los brazos, las piernas y los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Permanezca en lugares que tengan aire acondicionado (con las ventanas cerradas) o que utilicen mosquiteros en puertas y ventanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt; Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chikungunya.html" id="6345" language="English">Chikungunya</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Chikungunya" url="https://www.paho.org/es/temas/chikungunya">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
<organization>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus de chikunguña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000821.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000821.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del chikungunya (chikunguña):  Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/37488/cdc_37488_DS1.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la fiebre chikungunya? ¿Debería preocuparme si viajo con mi familia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/what-is-chikungunya-fever/faq-20109686?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Child abuse can have many forms. It can have long lasting emotional effects. Learn about child abuse." title="Child Abuse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html" id="183" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Child abuse is doing something or failing to do something that results in harm to a 
child or puts a child at risk of harm. Child abuse can be physical, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;sexual&lt;/a&gt; or emotional. Neglect, or not providing for a child's needs, is also a 
form of abuse. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most abused children suffer greater emotional than physical damage. An abused child may 
become depressed. He or she may withdraw, think of suicide or become violent. An older 
child may use drugs or alcohol, try to run away or abuse others. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Child abuse is a serious problem. If you suspect a child is being abused or neglected, 
call the police or your local child welfare agency.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html" id="1808" language="Spanish">Maltrato al menor</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002649">Child Abuse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html" id="3781">Child Sexual Abuse</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shaken Baby Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Violence</see-reference>
<site title="About Adverse Childhood Experiences" url="https://www.cdc.gov/aces/about/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys" url="https://www.cdc.gov/violence-against-children/about/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuse: What If I Need Help Right Now?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/abuse-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/abuse-help.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abuse: What You Need to Know" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/family-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abuse.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shaken.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shaken.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Administration for Children and Families" url="https://www.acf.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Children and Families</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC Vital Signs: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/ACEs/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Abuse and Neglect" url="https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/safety-and-risk/child-abuse-and-neglect/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Abuse: The Hidden Bruises" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Child-Abuse-The-Hidden-Bruises-005.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Maltrato-Infantil-Los-Golpes-Ocultos-005.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child neglect and emotional abuse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007225.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child physical abuse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001552.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Abuse" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Child+Abuse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/going-to-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/going-to-therapist.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/therapist.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Handle Abuse" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/handle-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/handle-abuse.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Munchausen syndrome by proxy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001555.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Glossary" url="https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/cb/ncands_glossary.pdf">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Children and Families</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention" url="https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.childwelfare.gov/catalog/publicationlanding/?chno=11-11295&amp;dynTitle=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Abuse" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child+Abuse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions and Answers about Memories of Childhood Abuse" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/trauma/memories?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shaken Baby Syndrome" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/shaken-baby-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shaken Baby Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/shaken-baby-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-del-bebe-sacudido">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shaken baby syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007578.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Child Trauma" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/understanding-child-trauma" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/entendamos-el-estres-traumatico-infantil-y-como-ayudar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Child Abuse and Neglect? Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms" url="https://cwlibrary.childwelfare.gov/discovery/delivery/01CWIG_INST:01CWIG/1218592060007651" language-mapped-url="https://www.childwelfare.gov/catalog/publicationlanding/?chno=11-11347&amp;dynTitle=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Youth and Teens Page" url="https://www.1800runaway.org/youth-teens">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Runaway Safeline</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Is your child showing aggression, hostility, or other disruptive behaviors? Learn about childhood behavior disorders and how to help your child." title="Child Behavior Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<also-called>Conduct disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; All kids misbehave some times. And some may have temporary behavior problems due to stress. For example, the birth of a sibling, a divorce, or a death in the family may cause a child to act out. Behavior disorders are more serious. They involve a pattern of hostile, aggressive, or disruptive behaviors for more than 6 months.  The behavior is also not appropriate for the child's age.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Warning signs can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Harming or threatening themselves, other people or pets&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Damaging or destroying property &lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Lying or stealing &lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Not doing well in school, skipping school &lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Early smoking, drinking or drug use &lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Early sexual activity &lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Frequent tantrums and arguments &lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Consistent hostility toward authority figures &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt; If you see signs of a problem, ask for help. Poor choices can become habits. Kids who have behavior problems are at higher risk for school failure, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html"&gt;mental health problems&lt;/a&gt;, and even &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;. Classes or family therapy may help parents learn to set and enforce limits. Talk therapy and behavior therapy for your child can also help.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="1809" language="Spanish">Trastornos de la conducta del niño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000294">Adolescent Behavior</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002653">Child Behavior Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="152">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162">Child Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html" id="6091">Self-Harm</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendevelopment.html" id="1587">Teen Development</related-topic>
<see-reference>Conduct Disorder</see-reference>
<site title="10 Tips to Prevent Aggressive Behavior in Young Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/toddler/pages/Aggressive-Behavior.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/paginas/aggressive-behavior.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Behavior or Conduct Problems in Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/behavior.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/spanish/behavior.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Finder" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_Youth/CAP_Finder/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resources/CAP_Finder.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Mental Health: Is This Just a Stage?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/children-and-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-ninos-y-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children's Threats: When Are They Serious?" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Childrens-Threats-When-Are-They-Serious-065.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Las-Amenazas-de-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Cuando-Hay-Que-Tomarlas-en-Serio-065.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Behavior Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22behavior+disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Conduct Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Conduct+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Comprehensive-Psychiatric-Evaluation-052.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Evaluacion-Siquiatrica-Comprensiva-052.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
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<site title="Conduct disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000919.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conduct Disorder" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Conduct-Disorder-033.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Desordenes-de-la-Conducta-033.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discipline in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002211.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disobedient Child" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/The-Disobedient-Child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/the-disobedient-child.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disruptive Behavior Disorders" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Disruptive-Behavior-Disorders.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/disruptive-behavior-disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fighting and Biting" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Fighting-And-Biting-081.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Cuando-un-Nino-Pelea-o-Muerde-081.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/going-to-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/going-to-therapist.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Care Providers for Kids: Who's Who" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Pages/Mental-Health-Care-Whos-Who.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/paginas/mental-health-care-who%27s-who.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Child Behavior" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/pages/Normal-Child-Behavior.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/normal-child-behavior.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oppositional defiant disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001537.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oppositional-defiant-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20375831?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Behavior Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child+Behavior+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Adolescent+Behavior%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="School Refusal" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/School-Refusal-007.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shyness in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/Shyness-in-Children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/shyness-in-children.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swearing" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/pages/Swearing.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/swearing.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Your Child to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teaching Your Child Self-Control" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/self-control.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temper tantrums" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001922.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temper Tantrums" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tantrums.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tantrums.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trichotillomania" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Child's Temperament: Why It's Important" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/How-to-Understand-Your-Childs-Temperament.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/how-to-understand-your-childs-temperament.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violent Behavior in Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Understanding-Violent-Behavior-In-Children-and-Adolescents-055.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Comprendiendo-el-Comportamiento-Violento-de-Ninos-y-Adolescentes-055.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Can Do to Change Your Child's Behavior" url="https://familydoctor.org/what-you-can-do-to-change-your-childs-behavior/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-cambiar-la-conducta-de-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to Seek Help for Your Child" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/When-To-Seek-Help-For-Your-Child-024.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Sepa-Cuando-Buscar-Ayuda-para-su-Hijo-Hija-024.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Healthy teeth and gums are important to your child's overall health. Good dental habits and proper oral care can help prevent tooth decay and cavities." title="Child Dental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html" id="1535" language="English" date-created="08/23/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Healthy teeth are important to your child's overall health. From the time your child is born, there are things you can do to promote healthy teeth and prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;cavities&lt;/a&gt;. For babies, you should clean teeth with a soft, clean cloth or baby's toothbrush.  Avoid putting the baby to bed with a bottle and check teeth regularly for spots or stains.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For all children, you should:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Start using a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste when they are two years old. You might start sooner, if a dentist or doctor suggests it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Provide healthy foods and limit sweet snacks and drinks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Schedule regular dental check-ups &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Forming good habits at a young age can help your child have healthy teeth for life. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html" id="1811" language="Spanish">Salud dental del niño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019140">Dental Care for Children</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childdentalhealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28">Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html" id="266">Gum Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/orthodontia.html" id="3614">Orthodontia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html" id="5951">Tooth Decay</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dental Health, Child</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dental Sealants</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oral Health, Child</see-reference>
<site title="About Dental Fluorosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/about/about-dental-fluorosis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Kids' Teeth" url="https://www.2min2x.org/about-kids-teeth/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brushing Your Child's Teeth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000769.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Dental Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=dental&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pit and Fissure Sealants" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Pit+and+Fissure+Sealants%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental care - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002213.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Health and Orthodontic Problems" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/oral-health/Pages/Dental-Health-and-Orthodontic-Problems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/oral-health/paginas/dental-health-and-orthodontic-problems.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Hygiene: How to Care for Your Baby's Teeth" url="https://familydoctor.org/dental-hygiene-how-to-care-for-your-babys-teeth/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-cuidar-los-dientes-de-su-bebe/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Oral and Dental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/dental.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatric Dentist" url="https://www.aapd.org/publications/find-a-pd/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon" url="https://myoms.org/find-a-surgeon/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluoride in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002420.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Mouth for Kids: Start Early to Protect Tooth Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/02/healthy-mouth-kids" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ninos-con-bocas-saludables">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Mouth for Your Baby" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/healthy-mouth-for-your-baby.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-12/healthy-mouth-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Smile for Your Young Child: Tips to Keep Your Child Healthy" url="https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/childbrochure.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/childbrochure_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/pages/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/paginas/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Your Child's Teeth Healthy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/healthy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/healthy.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Let the Brushing Games Begin" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/oral-health/Pages/Let-the-Brushing-Games-Begin.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/oral-health/paginas/let-the-brushing-games-begin.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth and Teeth (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Natal teeth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003268.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Health Tips for Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/prevention/oral-health-tips-for-children.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Dental Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dental+Care+for+Children%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safely Soothing Teething Pain in Infants and Children" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-soothing-teething-pain-infants-and-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/alivie-el-dolor-de-la-denticion-de-los-bebes-y-los-ninos-de-una-manera-segura">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seal Out Tooth Decay" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/seal-out-tooth-decay.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/selle-los-dientes-contra-la-caries-dental.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Take Care of Your Child's Teeth" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/regular-checkups/take-care-your-childs-teeth">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Teeth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/teeth.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Teeth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/teeth-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/teeth2.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teething" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002045.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teething &amp; Dental Hygiene for Young Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/oral-health/Pages/Teething-and-Dental-Hygiene.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/oral-health/paginas/teething-and-dental-hygiene.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth Decay" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tooth-decay" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-caries-dental">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tooth decay -- early childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toothache: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/ART-20056628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/art-20056628?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Spit?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/spit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/spit.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Where Can I Find Low-Cost Dental Care?" url="https://www.hhs.gov/answers/health-insurance-reform/where-can-i-find-low-cost-dental-care/index.html">
<information-category>Finance and Policy</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Teeth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/teeth.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ever wonder what's &quot;normal&quot; for your child? Child development includes physical, intellectual, social, and emotional changes. Learn more." title="Child Development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;As children grow older, they develop in several different ways. Child development includes physical, intellectual, social, and emotional changes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Children grow and mature at very different rates. It's hard to say what "normal" is.  There can be big differences in height, weight, and build among healthy children. Diet, exercise and genes are all factors. Some children begin &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html"&gt;puberty&lt;/a&gt; or are close to it before they are teenagers.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Children start to become more independent from their parents.  They may rebel.  They also look outward - to their friends, who are usually of the same sex. Peer approval becomes very important. Your child may try new behaviors to be part of "the group." This can also be the time that parents or teachers recognize &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;learning disabilities&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html"&gt;behavioral problems&lt;/a&gt; in children. These problems can get worse as time goes on, so it is important to get help early.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812" language="Spanish">Desarrollo del niño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002657">Child Development</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184">Child Behavior Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="209">Developmental Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/growthdisorders.html" id="265">Growth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1548">Infant and Newborn Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html" id="5569">Puberty</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendevelopment.html" id="1587">Teen Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5424">Toddler Development</related-topic>
<site title="5 Ways to Promote a Positive Body Image for Kids" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/weight-and-body-positivity/5-ways-to-promote-a-positive-body-image-for-kids">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bedwetting" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enuresis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/enuresis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bedwetting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000703.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bedwetting (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/enuresis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/word-enuresis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Control Problems and Bedwetting in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems-bedwetting-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-control-vejiga-enuresis-ninos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Child Development" url="https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Development" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Child+Development%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Development of the Young Brain" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeIvtx6HHLg">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental and Behavioral Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002002.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 4 years" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002015.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 5 years" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002016.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Monitoring and Screening" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/DevelopmentalScreening.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emotions and Behavior" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emotions/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="First Grade Math Skills Set Foundation for Later Math Ability" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/first-grade-math-skills-set-foundation-later-math-ability">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth and Development" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth chart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Charts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Handle Peer Pressure" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/peer-pressure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/peer-pressure.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magic of Play: How It Inspires and Aids Early Development" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/play-magic.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing and Preventing Temper Tantrums" url="https://familydoctor.org/managing-and-preventing-temper-tantrums/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-manejar-y-evitar-los-berrinches/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications to Treat Bed-Wetting" url="https://www.kidney.org/medications-to-treat-bed-wetting">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal growth and development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002456.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/phys-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/phys-therapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preschooler development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002013.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Development" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child+Development%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="School-age children development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002017.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self-Esteem" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/self-esteem.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/self-esteem.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shyness in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/Shyness-in-Children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/shyness-in-children.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech-Language Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-therapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temper tantrums" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001922.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Child's Temperament: Why It's Important" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/How-to-Understand-Your-Childs-Temperament.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/how-to-understand-your-childs-temperament.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videos from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/newsroom/digital-media/videos">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Growth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-growth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-growth.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It's important to recognize and treat mental illnesses in children early on. Learn about warning signs, tests, and therapies." title="Child Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162" language="English" date-created="02/27/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;It's important to recognize and treat mental illnesses in children early on.  Once mental illness develops, it becomes a regular part of your child's behavior. This makes it more difficult to treat.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;But it's not always easy to know when your child has a serious problem. Everyday stresses can cause changes in your child's behavior. For example, getting a new brother or sister or going to a new school may cause a child to temporarily act out. Warning signs that it might be a more serious problem include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems in more than one setting (at school, at home, with peers)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in appetite or sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social withdrawal or fear of things he or she did not used to be not afraid of&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Returning to behaviors more common in younger children, such as bedwetting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Signs of being upset, such as sadness or tearfulness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Signs of self-destructive behavior, such as head-banging or suddenly getting hurt often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repeated thoughts of death&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To diagnose mental health problems, the doctor or mental health specialist looks at your child's signs and symptoms, medical history, and family history. Treatments include medicines and talk therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" id="3163" language="Spanish">Salud mental del niño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001523">Mental Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008603">Mental Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002666">Psychology, Child</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002665">Child Psychiatry</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4026">Bullying and Cyberbullying</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184">Child Behavior Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676">Mental Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35">Mental Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mental Health, Child</see-reference>
<site title="3 Ways to Help When Kids Feel Lonely" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/help-lonely-child.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/help-lonely-child.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Adverse Childhood Experiences" url="https://www.cdc.gov/aces/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety Disorders" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anxiety-disorders.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-trastorno-bipolar-en-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Buffering Childhood Stress: Safe, Secure Relationships For Better Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/buffering-childhood-stress" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviando-el-estres-infantil">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Building Resilience in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Building-Resilience/Pages/Building-Resilience-in-Children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/building-resilience/paginas/building-resilience-in-children.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/child-and-adolescent-mental-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Finder" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_Youth/CAP_Finder/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resources/CAP_Finder.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Depression: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-depression.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Grief" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Grief-008.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-la-Pena-por-la-Muerte-de-un-ser-Querido-008.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and grief" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000749.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Mental Health: Is This Just a Stage?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/children-and-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-ninos-y-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children's Mental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Mental Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22mental+disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Mental Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22mental+health%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Comprehensive-Psychiatric-Evaluation-052.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Evaluacion-Siquiatrica-Comprensiva-052.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping With Sad Feelings" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sadness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sadness.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Children's Mental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/data.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression in Children and Teens" url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-in-children-and-teens/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://es.familydoctor.org/familydoctor/es/diseases-conditions/depression/depression-in-children-and-teens.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder-dmdd">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emotional Disturbance" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/emotionaldisturbance/" language-mapped-url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/emocional/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Center for Parent Information and Resources</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generalized anxiety disorder in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007687.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Excited about Mental Health Research!" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/sites/default/files/documents/health/publications/get-excited-about-mental-health-research-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/sites/default/files/documents/health/publications/entusiasmate-con-las-investigaciones-sobre-salud-mental.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/going-to-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/going-to-therapist.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Green Spaces May Improve Kids' Mental Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/green-spaces-may-improve-kids-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-espacios-verdes-podrian-mejorar-la-salud-mental-de-los">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Voices and Seeing Things" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Hearing-Voices-and-Seeing-Things-102.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Children and Adolescents Cope With Traumatic Events" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Children Handle Stress" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Pages/Helping-Children-Handle-Stress.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can Social Connection Help Kids &amp; Teens Feel Less Lonely?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/social-connection.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/social-connection.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Illness in Children: Know the Signs" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/mental-illness-in-children/art-20046577?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/mental-illness-in-children/art-20046577?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child mental disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Psychology%2C+Child%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Mental+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Child+Psychiatry%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Mental+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask Before Psychiatric Hospitalization of Your Child or Adolescent" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/11-Questions-To-Ask-Before-Psychiatric-Hospitalization-Of-Your-Child-Or-Adolescent-032.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/11-Preguntas-a-Hacerse-Antes-de-Comenzar-el-Tratamiento-Siquiatrico-de-su-Nino-o-Adolescente-032.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001547.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Residential Treatment Programs" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Residential-Treatment-Programs-097.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Separation Anxiety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Tips for Your Family's Mental Health" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/sleep/Pages/Sleep-and-Mental-Health.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/sleep/paginas/sleep-and-mental-health.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stand Up to Stress!" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stand-up-to-stress" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/hazle-frente-al-estres">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stereotypic movement disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001548.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Storm Stress: Helping Kids Stay Calm" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/storms-calm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/storms-calm.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stress in childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Your Child to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking about Your Feelings" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/talk-feelings.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/talk-feelings.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic events and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do When You Feel Lonely" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/feel-lonely.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When to Seek Help for Your Child" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/When-To-Seek-Help-For-Your-Child-024.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Sepa-Cuando-Buscar-Ayuda-para-su-Hijo-Hija-024.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="What should be on your kid's plate? A healthy diet helps children grow and learn. Learn more about nutrition for children." title="Child Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083" language="English" date-created="01/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A healthy diet helps children grow and learn. It also helps prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; and weight-related diseases, such as diabetes. To give your child a nutritious diet:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make half of what is on your child's plate fruits and vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choose healthy sources of protein, such as lean meat, nuts, and eggs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Serve whole-grain breads and cereals because they are high in fiber. Reduce refined grains.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Broil, grill, or steam foods instead of frying them&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limit fast food and junk food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Offer water or milk instead of sugary fruit drinks and sodas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Learn about your children's nutrient requirements. Some of them, such as the requirements for iron and calcium, change as your child ages. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084" language="Spanish">Nutrición del niño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015362">Child Nutrition Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017195">Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002664">Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenshealth.html" id="501">Children's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html" id="1256">Food Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html" id="5422">Toddler Nutrition</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nutrition, Child</see-reference>
<see-reference>Teen Nutrition</see-reference>
<site title="10 Things To Know About Dietary Supplements for Children and Teens" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-dietary-supplements-for-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are Sugar Substitutes Safe for Kids?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sugar-substitutes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sugar-substitutes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avoiding Food Hassles with Kids" url="https://familydoctor.org/avoiding-food-hassles-kids/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-evitar-problemas-con-la-comida-de-los-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Better Nutrition Every Day: How to Make Healthier Food Choices" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/better-nutrition-every-day" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mejor-nutricion-todos-los-dias">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beverage Consumption Among Youth in the United States, 2013-2016" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db320.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/child-caffeine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/child-caffeine.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/calcium.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/calcium.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohydrates and Sugar" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sugar.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Nutrition" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=nutrition%2C+healthy&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Nutrition Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=nutrition+disorders&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cow's milk and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001973.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/nutritiondefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating extra calories when you are sick - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fats (for parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fat.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Your Child Athlete" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed-child-athlete.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed-child-athlete.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiber and Your Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fiber.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fiber.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Figuring Out Fat and Calories" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fat-calories.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fat-calories.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Service Programs Contacts by State" url="https://www.fns.usda.gov/contacts/contact-map">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food jags" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002425.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="From the Label to the Table!" url="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/healthy-living/food/food-labels">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Eating for Sports" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eatnrun.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eatnrun.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Breakfasts for Kids: It's All about Balance" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/healthy-breakfasts-kids-its-all-about-balance" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/desayunos-saludables-para-ninos-todo-es-cuestion-de-balance">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/habits.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/habits.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating for Families" url="https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/families">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating for Kids" url="https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/kids">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Snacks: Quick Tips for Parents" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/nutrition/healthy-snacks-quick-tips-parents">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Your Child: Tips for Parents and Other Caregivers" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/helping-your-child-tips-for-parents" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/ayudar-ninos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Add Balance to a Favorite Meal" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/balance-favorite-meal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/balance-favorite-meal.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Make a Healthy Snack" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/make-healthy-snack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/make-healthy-snack.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iron" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iron.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iron.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kwashiorkor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001604.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Life Stages: Preschoolers" url="https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/preschoolers">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Food Guide" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/myplate.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/myplate.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/nutrition/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts -- Read the Label: Tips for Parents" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128913/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128914/download">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Kids: Guidelines for a Healthy Diet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/nutrition-for-kids/art-20049335?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prealbumin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prealbumin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-prealbumina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protein Foods for Your Vegetarian Child" url="https://www.eatright.org/food/food-groups/protein-foods/protein-foods-for-your-vegetarian-child">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child nutrition" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adolescent+Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Child+Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Child+Nutrition+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Take Charge of Your Health: A Guide for Teenagers" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vitamin-d.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vitamin-d.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Drinking Water Is the Way to Go" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/water.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/water.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="What steps should you take to ensure your child's safety? Get specifics on safety for kids." title="Child Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" id="535" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;As parents, we want to keep our children safe from harm. Take steps to keep your children safe:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Install the right child safety seat in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html"&gt;car&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teach children how to cross the street safely&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure they wear the right gear and equipment for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html"&gt;sports&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Install and test smoke alarms &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Store medicines, cleaners and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html"&gt;dangerous substances&lt;/a&gt; in locked cabinets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Babyproof your home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't leave small children unattended&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html" id="1813" language="Spanish">Seguridad del niño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012449">Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childsafety.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1549">Infant and Newborn Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="155">Motor Vehicle Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schoolhealth.html" id="3612">School Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Safety, Child</see-reference>
<site title="Backpack Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/backpack.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bathroom safety - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000154.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000154.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child safety seats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Safety: Keeping Your Home Safe for Your Baby" url="https://familydoctor.org/child-safety-keeping-your-home-safe-for-your-baby/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguridad-para-el-bebe-como-mantener-su-casa-segura-para-su-bebe/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childproofing Your Home: 12 Safety Devices To Protect Your Children" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/safety-education/safety-guides/kids-and-babies/Childproofing-Your-Home">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childproofing Your House" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/health--safety-tips/Childproofing-Your-house">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cribs and crib safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do You Know How to Be Street Smart?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/street-smart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/street-smart.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fireworks" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Fireworks">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid and Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/firstaid-safe/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halloween Safety Tips: Costumes, Candy, and Colored Contact Lenses" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/halloween-safety-tips-costumes-candy-and-colored-contact-lenses" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consejos-de-seguridad-para-el-dia-de-las-brujas-disfraces-dulces-lentes-de-colores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Novelty Makeup" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/novelty-makeup">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Playground Safety (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/playground.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/playground.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Playground Safety Tips for Parents" url="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/40781">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing head injuries in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Safety%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tipping Point" url="https://onsafety.cpsc.gov/blog/2009/09/22/the-tipping-point/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traffic-Related Pedestrian Injuries Among Children in 2021" url="https://www.safekids.org/sites/default/files/documents/fast_facts_-_2021_-_pedestrian_injuries.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Safe Kids Worldwide</organization>
</site>
<site title="Winter Safety Tips" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sexual abuse is one form of child abuse.  It includes a wide range of actions between a child and an adult or older child. Learn the facts." title="Child Sexual Abuse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html" id="3781" language="English" date-created="03/01/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sexual abuse is one form of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;child abuse&lt;/a&gt;. It includes a wide range of actions between a child and an adult or older child. Often these involve body contact, but not always. Exposing one's genitals to children or pressuring them for sex is sexual abuse. Using a child for pornography is also sexual abuse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most sexual abusers know the child they abuse. They may be family friends, neighbors or babysitters. About one-third of abusers are related to the child. Most abusers are men. If you think a child may have been abused, it's important to report it.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html" id="3782" language="Spanish">Abuso sexual de menores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002650">Child Abuse, Sexual</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html" id="183">Child Abuse</related-topic>
<see-reference>Child Molestation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sexual Abuse of Children</see-reference>
<site title="CDC Vital Signs: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/ACEs/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Sexual Abuse" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Child-Sexual-Abuse-009.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Abuso-Sexual-a-los-Ninos-009.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Sexual Abuse" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/types/violence/child-sexual-abuse.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Missing and Exploited Children" url="https://www.missingkids.org/home" language-mapped-url="http://www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/PublicHomeServlet?LanguageCountry=es_US&amp;">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Missing and Exploited Children</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parenting a Child Who Has Been Sexually Abused: A Guide for Foster and Adoptive Parents" url="https://cwlibrary.childwelfare.gov/discovery/delivery/01CWIG_INST:01CWIG/1218593380007651">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Child Sexual Abuse" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child+Abuse%2C+Sexual%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions and Answers about Memories of Childhood Abuse" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/trauma/memories?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual abuse in children -- what to know" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000771.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000771.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs of Childhood Sexual Abuse" url="https://familydoctor.org/signs-childhood-sexual-abuse/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/los-signos-de-abuso-sexual-en-la-infancia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth and Teens Page" url="https://www.1800runaway.org/youth-teens">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Runaway Safeline</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Childbirth is the process of having a baby. Learn about the 3 stages of labor, and how you can prepare, tell if you are in labor, and manage the pain." title="Childbirth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html" id="305" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you are ready to have your baby, you'll go through labor.  Labor is the process of giving birth. Signs that you might be going into labor include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contractions that are regular then start to come closer together&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leaking fluid or bleeding from the vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low, dull backache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Call your health care provider if you have any of these signs, even if it is before your due date. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;Preterm labor&lt;/a&gt; can start before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Labor happens in three stages. The first stage begins with contractions. It continues until your cervix has become thinner and dilated (stretched) to about 4 inches wide. The second stage is the active stage, in which you begin to push downward. Crowning is when your baby's scalp comes into view. Shortly afterward, your baby is born. In the third stage, you deliver the placenta. The placenta is the organ that supplied food and oxygen to your baby during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mothers and babies are monitored closely during labor. Most women are able to have a baby through normal vaginal delivery. If there are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;complications&lt;/a&gt;, the baby may need to be delivered surgically by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;Cesarean section&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html" id="1995" language="Spanish">Parto</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007743">Labor, Obstetric</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D036861">Delivery, Obstetric</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childbirth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html" id="3159">Cesarean Delivery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html" id="5893">Childbirth Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumcare.html" id="4919">Postpartum Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html" id="6234">Preterm Labor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="1520">Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births</related-topic>
<see-reference>Delivery</see-reference>
<see-reference>Labor</see-reference>
<site title="Accredited Birth Centers" url="https://birthcenteraccreditation.org/find-accredited-birth-centers/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Commission for the Accreditation of Birth Centers</organization>
</site>
<site title="Am I in labor?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000508.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apgar Scores" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Apgar-Scores.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/apgar-scores.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted delivery with forceps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Vaginal Delivery" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/assisted%20vaginal%20delivery" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Parto-vaginal-asistido">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthing Centers and Hospital Maternity Services" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/birth-centers-hospitals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/birth-centers-hospitals.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthing Classes" url="https://familydoctor.org/birthing-classes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/clases-de-parto/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cesarean Section: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareansection.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareansection.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing the right health care provider for pregnancy and childbirth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Delivery, Obstetric" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Delivery,+Obstetric%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Labor, Obstetric" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Labor,+Obstetric%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contractions and Signs of Labor" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/contractions-and-signs-labor">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cord Blood Testing and Banking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cord-blood-testing-and-banking/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-y-bancos-de-sangre-del-cordon-umbilical/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Pain during Childbirth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childbirth-pain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childbirth-pain.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delivery presentations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000621.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elective Deliveries Before 39 Weeks: Is It Worth It?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Pages/Let-Baby-Set-the-Delivery-Date-Wait-until-39-Weeks-if-You-Can.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100195_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100195_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural block - pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000484.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000482.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomy - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100017_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100017_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomy: When It's Needed, When It's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Births - Method of Delivery" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/delivery.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal scalp pH testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003408.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inducing labor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000625.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/induction-of-labor-at-39-weeks" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-parto-electivo-antes-de-las-39-semanas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labor and Birth" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/labor-and-birth" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/labor-and-birth">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labor Pain" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/pain-management/types-of-pain/labor/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing pain during labor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000587.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoring Baby's Heart Rate during Labor" url="https://familydoctor.org/monitoring-babys-heart-rate-labor/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/monitoreo-de-la-frecuencia-cardiaca-del-bebe-durante-el-parto/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Natural Childbirth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/natural-childbirth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/natural-childbirth.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="PeriStats: Perinatal Statistics" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premature rupture of membranes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labor &amp; delivery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Labor%2C+Obstetric%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Delivery%2C+Obstetric%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to ask your doctor about hospital care after delivery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000970.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000970.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Questions to ask your doctor about labor and delivery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000960.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000960.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal and epidural anesthesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007413.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Labor" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/stages-labor" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/parto-y-nacimiento/etapas-del-parto.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strategies for getting through labor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000612.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for labor coaches" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000545.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuum-assisted delivery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal birth - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100198_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100198_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal birth after C-section" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water Breaking: Understand This Sign of Labor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/water-breaking/art-20044142?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/water-breaking/art-20044142?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Labor?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/labor" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion/trabajo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to bring to your labor and delivery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000543.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to include in your birth plan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why at Least 39 Weeks Is Best for Your Baby" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/why-least-39-weeks-best-your-baby">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your baby in the birth canal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002060.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Complications may happen during childbirth including preterm labor, problems with the umbilical cord or position of the baby, and birth injuries." title="Childbirth Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html" id="5893" language="English" date-created="09/27/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html"&gt;Childbirth&lt;/a&gt; is the process of giving birth to a baby. It includes labor and delivery. Usually everything goes well, but problems can happen. They may cause a risk to the mother, baby, or both. Some of the more common childbirth problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="pretermlabor.html" tid="6234"&gt;Preterm (premature) labor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, when your labor starts before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Premature rupture of membranes&lt;/strong&gt; (PROM), when your water breaks too early. If labor does not start soon afterwards, this can raise the risk of infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problems with the placenta&lt;/strong&gt;, such as the placenta covering the cervix, separating from the uterus before birth, or being attached too firmly to the uterus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Labor that does not progress&lt;/strong&gt;, meaning that labor is stalled. This can happen when
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Your contractions weaken&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Your cervix does not dilate (open) enough or is taking too long to dilate&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;The baby is not in the right position&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;The baby is too big or your pelvis is too small for the baby to move through the birth canal&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abnormal heart rate of the baby.&lt;/strong&gt; Often, an abnormal heart rate is not a problem. But if the heart rate gets very fast or very slow, it can be a sign that your baby is not getting enough oxygen or that there are other problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problems with the umbilical cord&lt;/strong&gt;, such as the cord getting caught on the baby's arm, leg, or neck. It's also a problem if cord comes out before the baby does.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problems with the position of the baby&lt;/strong&gt;, such as breech, in which the baby is going to come out feet first&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shoulder dystocia&lt;/strong&gt;, when the baby's head comes out, but the shoulder gets stuck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perinatal asphyxia&lt;/strong&gt;, which happens when the baby does not get enough oxygen in the uterus, during labor or delivery, or just after birth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perineal tears&lt;/strong&gt;, tearing of your vagina and the surrounding tissues&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Excessive bleeding&lt;/strong&gt;, which can happen when the delivery causes tears to the uterus or if you are not able to deliver the placenta after you give birth to the baby&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Post-term pregnancy&lt;/strong&gt;, when your pregnancy lasts more than 42 weeks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have problems in childbirth, your health care provider may need to give you medicines to induce or speed up labor, use tools to help guide the baby out of the birth canal, or deliver the baby by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;Cesarean section&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html" id="5894" language="Spanish">Problemas durante el parto</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007744">Obstetric Labor Complications</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html" id="3159">Cesarean Delivery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html" id="305">Childbirth</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html" id="6234">Preterm Labor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Birth Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Premature Labor</see-reference>
<site title="Assisted delivery with forceps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Vaginal Delivery" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/assisted%20vaginal%20delivery" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Parto-vaginal-asistido">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Injury in Newborns" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/general-problems-in-newborns/birth-injuries-in-newborns" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/problemas-generales-del-reci%C3%A9n-nacido/lesiones-neonatales-en-el-momento-del-parto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brachial plexus injury in newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001395.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breech - series -- Normal position of the baby" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100193_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100193_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breech birth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000623.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000623.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caput succedaneum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001587.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Length: Why Does It Matter during Pregnancy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Birth Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Birth+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Obstetric Labor Complications" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Obstetric+Labor+Complications%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100017_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100017_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomy: When It's Needed, When It's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fetal scalp pH testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003408.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractured clavicle in the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meconium aspiration syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001596.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meconium.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meconium.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoring Baby's Heart Rate during Labor" url="https://familydoctor.org/monitoring-babys-heart-rate-labor/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/monitoreo-de-la-frecuencia-cardiaca-del-bebe-durante-el-parto/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="PeriStats: Perinatal Statistics" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placenta previa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000900.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000900.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placenta Previa" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/placenta-previa">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placental Abruption" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/placental-abruption" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/desprendimiento-de-la-placenta.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placental Accreta, Increta, and Percreta" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/placental-accreta-increta-and-percreta" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/placenta-accreta-increta-y-percreta.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy-Related Deaths Are on the Rise…and Sepsis Is a Big Reason" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy: What to Expect When You're Past Your Due Date" url="https://familydoctor.org/pregnancy-expect-youre-past-due-date/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/embarazo-que-esperar-cuando-ya-ha-pasado-la-fecha-prevista-para-el-parto/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premature rupture of membranes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complications in childbirth" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Obstetric+Labor+Complications%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sheehan syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001175.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Umbilical Cord Conditions" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/umbilical-cord-conditions" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/anomalias-del-cordon-umbilical.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuum-assisted delivery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Common Complications during Labor and Delivery?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/labor-delivery/topicinfo/complications" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/labor-delivery/informacion/complicaciones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Treatments Can Reduce the Chances of Preterm Labor and Birth?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo/reduce" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When you pass your due date" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000515.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000515.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your baby in the birth canal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002060.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Childhood brain tumors are abnormal growths inside the skull of children. Even benign tumors can be serious. Learn when a child should see a doctor." title="Childhood Brain Tumors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodbraintumors.html" id="4177" language="English" date-created="05/27/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html"&gt;Brain tumors&lt;/a&gt; are abnormal growths inside the skull. They are among the most common types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html"&gt;childhood cancers&lt;/a&gt;. Some are benign tumors, which aren't cancer. They can still be serious. Malignant tumors are cancerous.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Childhood brain and spinal cord tumors can cause headaches and other symptoms. However, other conditions can also cause the same symptoms. Check with a doctor if your child has any of the following problems:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Morning headache or headache that goes away after vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision, hearing, and speech problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of balance or trouble walking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unusual sleepiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personality changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seizures&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased head size in infants&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms are not the same in every child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use physical and neurological exams, lab tests, and imaging to diagnose brain tumors. Most childhood brain tumors are diagnosed and removed in surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for children is sometimes different than for an adult. Long-term side effects are an important issue. The options also depend on the type of tumor and where it is. Removal of the tumor is often possible. If not, radiation, chemotherapy, or both may be used.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html" id="4178" language="Spanish">Tumores cerebrales en niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001932">Brain Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html" id="173">Brain Tumors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html" id="4355">Cancer in Children</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain tumor - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000768.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer in Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/hoja-informativa-ninos-adolescentes">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-atrt-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-atrt-snc-infantil-pdq#_52">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-germ-cell-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-snc-infantil-pdq#_152">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Ependymoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/childhood-ependymoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/ependimoma-infantil#_96">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Glioma (including Astrocytoma) Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/childhood-glioma-astrocytoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/gliomas-infantiles-astrocitomas#_104">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Childhood Brain Tumors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22brain+neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating extra calories when you are sick - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Childhood Medulloblastoma and Other Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-embryonal-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-embrionarios-snc-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gliomas" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gliomas.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Brain Tumor Facts" url="https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/caregiving/pediatric-caregiver-resources-center/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Tumor Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Brain Tumors" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rhabdoid-tumor-predisposition-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-children/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Support for Families when a Child Has Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida/padres">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Craniopharyngioma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_49" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_39">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Medulloblastoma and Other Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-embryonal-treatment-pdq#_146" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-embrionarios-snc-infantil-pdq#_146">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ultrasound: Head (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells, it is the most common type of childhood cancer. Learn about the symptoms, and treatment options." title="Childhood Leukemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" id="1438" language="English" date-created="03/15/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;Leukemia&lt;/a&gt; is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White blood cells help your body fight infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Platelets&lt;/a&gt; help form clots to stop bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of leukemia in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of leukemia. Some types are acute (fast growing). They usually get worse quickly if they are not treated. Most childhood leukemias are acute:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)&lt;/strong&gt;, which is the most common type of leukemia in children and the most common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html"&gt;cancer in children&lt;/a&gt;. In ALL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)&lt;/strong&gt;, which happens when bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other types of leukemia are chronic (slow growing). They usually get worse over a longer period of time. They are rare in children:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic lymphocytic leukemia&lt;/strong&gt; (CLL), in which the bone marrow makes abnormal lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). It is more common in teens than children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic myeloid leukemia&lt;/strong&gt; (CML), in which the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). It is very rare in children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are some other rare types of leukemia in children, including juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes leukemia in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Leukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise the risk of childhood leukemia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for leukemia in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The factors that raise the risk of childhood leukemia include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a brother or sister, especially a twin, with leukemia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Past treatment with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;Exposure to radiation&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic conditions&lt;/a&gt;, such as 
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ataxiatelangiectasia.html"&gt;Ataxia telangiectasia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Fanconi anemia&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Li-Fraumeni syndrome&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html"&gt;Neurofibromatosis type 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are other factors that may raise the risk of getting one or more of the specific types of childhood leukemia.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of leukemia in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the symptoms of leukemia may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Feeling tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; or night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss or loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chronic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is leukemia in children diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;complete blood count (CBC)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/"&gt;Bone marrow tests.&lt;/a&gt; There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; to look for gene and chromosome changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once there is a diagnosis of leukemia, other tests may be done to see whether the cancer has spread. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for leukemia in children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for leukemia depend on which type it is, how severe the leukemia is, the child's age, and other factors. Possible treatments might include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for childhood leukemia is often successful. But the treatments can cause complications right away or later in life. Children who survived leukemia will need follow-up care the rest of their lives to watch for and treat any complications they may have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5622">Acute Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="87">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5624">Chronic Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html" id="5620">Leukemia</related-topic>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society" url="https://www.lls.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491">
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<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
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<site title="Leukemia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-leukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer-leukemia.html">
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<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Groups for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-infantil-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/senales-y-sintomas.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other Myeloid Malignancies" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq#_30" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-infantil-pdq#_30">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Support for Families when a Child Has Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida/padres">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="T-cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Childhood Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq#_32" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-infantil-pdq#_63">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia/Other Myeloid Malignancies)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq#_36" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-infantil-pdq#_36">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Childhood Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/about/what-is-childhood-leukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/acerca/que-es-leucemia-en-ninos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Childhood vaccines, or immunizations, protect your children from many serious or even deadly diseases. Learn why and when you should vaccinate your children." title="Childhood Vaccines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342" language="English" date-created="08/28/2000">
<also-called>Shots</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are vaccines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;Vaccines&lt;/a&gt; are injections (shots), liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that you take to teach the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; to recognize and defend against harmful germs. The germs could be &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some types of vaccines contain germs that cause disease. But the germs have been killed or weakened enough that they won't make your child sick. Some vaccines only contain a part of a germ. Other types of vaccines include instructions for your cells to make a protein of the germ.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These different vaccine types all spark an immune response, which helps the body fight off the germs. Your child's immune system will also remember the germ and attack it if that germ ever invades again. This protection against a certain disease is called immunity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why do I need to vaccinate my child?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Babies are born with immune systems that can fight most germs, but there are some serious diseases they can't handle. That's why they need vaccines to strengthen their immune system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These diseases once killed or harmed many infants, children, and adults. But now with vaccines, your child can get immunity from these diseases without having to get sick. And for a few vaccines, getting vaccinated can actually give you a better immune response than getting the disease would. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Vaccinating your child also protects others. Normally, germs can travel quickly through a community and make a lot of people sick. If enough people get sick, it can lead to an outbreak. But when enough people are vaccinated against a certain disease, it's harder for that disease to spread to others. The entire community is less likely to get the disease. This is called "community immunity."&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Community immunity is especially important for the people who can't get certain vaccines. For example, they may not be able to get a vaccine because they have weakened immune systems. Others may be allergic to certain vaccine ingredients. And newborn babies are too young to get some vaccines. Community immunity can help to protect them all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Are vaccines safe for children?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vaccines are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html"&gt;safe&lt;/a&gt;. They must go through extensive safety testing and evaluation before they are approved in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people worry that childhood vaccines could cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;autism spectrum disorder&lt;/a&gt; (ASD). But many scientific studies have looked at this and have found no link between vaccines and autism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can vaccines overload my child's immune system?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No, vaccines do not overload the immune system. Every day, a healthy child's immune system successfully fights off thousands of germs. When your child gets vaccines, they are getting weakened or dead germs. So even if they get several vaccines in one day, they are being exposed to a tiny amount of germs compared to what they encounter every day in their environment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When do I need to vaccinate my child?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your child will get vaccines during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html"&gt;well-child visits&lt;/a&gt;. They will be given according to the vaccine schedule. This schedule lists which vaccines are recommended for children. It includes who should get the vaccines, how many doses they need, and at what age they should get them. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes the vaccine schedule.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Following the vaccine schedule allows your child to get protection from the diseases at exactly the right time. It gives their body the chance to build up immunity before being exposed to these very serious diseases.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814" language="Spanish">Vacunas para los niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007114">Immunization</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childhoodvaccines.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childhoodvaccines.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childhoodvaccines.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childhoodvaccines.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childhoodvaccines.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html" id="182">Chickenpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" id="7647">COVID-19 Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html" id="1512">Diphtheria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html" id="6236">Flu Shot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5968">Haemophilus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/measles.html" id="318">Measles</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html" id="334">Mumps</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="365">Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3215">Rotavirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html" id="435">Tetanus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6322">Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html" id="7667">Vaccine Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html" id="461">Whooping Cough</related-topic>
<see-reference>Immunization, Childhood</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vaccination</see-reference>
<site title="(Vaccine-Preventable Disease) Photo Library" url="https://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Vaccine Assessment Tool" url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/vaccines/childquiz/" language-mapped-url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/vaccines/childquiz/default-sp.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Vaccines: What They Are and Why Your Child Needs Them" url="https://familydoctor.org/childhood-vaccines-what-they-are-and-why-your-child-needs-them/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vacunas-infantiles-que-son-y-por-que-las-necesita-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Childhood Immunization" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=immunization&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Questions about Vaccines" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fact-myth-immunizations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fact-myth-immunizations.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Current Vaccine Shortages and Delays" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vaccines-us/shortages-delays.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do Kids Need Vaccines Before Traveling?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/travel-vaccinations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/travel-vaccinations.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do Vaccines Cause Autism? Is It OK to Skip Certain Vaccines? Get the Facts on These and Other Common Questions" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/vaccines/art-20048334?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/vaccines/art-20048334?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Explaining How Vaccines Work" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/understanding-vacc-work.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Immunization" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/immunize.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunization Schedule" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immunization-chart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immunization-chart.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunizations for Preterm Babies" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/Immunizations-For-Preterm-Babies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/immunizations-for-preterm-babies.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/autism-studies.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Track of Records" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-children/records/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/records/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kid's Guide to Shots" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/guide-shots.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/guide-shots.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Vaccine Program" url="https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/index.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS Policy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Immune System" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-system-overview">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Vaccines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Immunization%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Thimerosal and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/thimerosal.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Vaccine Recommendations for Infants and Children" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/vaccine-recommendations-for-infants-and-children">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccination Is the Best Protection against Measles" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccination-best-protection-against-measles" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-mejor-proteccion-contra-el-sarampion-es-la-vacunacion">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations for Preteens and Teens" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020-spa.pdf">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Basics" url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/additives-sp.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Safety: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines - immunizations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002024.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines by Age" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/by-age/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/by-age/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines for 'Tweens,' Teens and Young Adults" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/immunizations-for-teenagers-and-young-adults.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/immunizations-for-teenagers-and-young-adults.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines Protect Children from Harmful Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccines-protect-children-harmful-infectious-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-vacunas-protegen-los-ninos-de-enfermedades-infecciosas-perjudiciales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines Protect Your Community" url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="VaxView Vaccination Coverage" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/data-reporting/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Can I Do to Ease My Child's Fear of Shots? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scared-shots.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scared-shots.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Herd Immunity?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/herd-immunity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/herd-immunity.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's First Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's First Vaccines: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your child needs vaccines as they grow!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/adolescent-easyread-es.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Immunizations" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vaccine.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Most parents know the basics of keeping their child healthy, but what else do you need to know? Learn about issues related to your kid's health." title="Children's Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenshealth.html" id="501" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your child's health includes physical, mental and social well-being. Most parents know the basics of keeping children healthy, like offering them &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html"&gt;healthy foods&lt;/a&gt;, making sure they get enough sleep and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html"&gt;exercise&lt;/a&gt; and insuring their &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html"&gt;safety&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is also important for children to get regular checkups with their health care provider. These visits are a chance to check your child's &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html"&gt;development&lt;/a&gt;. They are also a good time to catch or prevent problems.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Other than checkups, school-age children should be seen for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Significant weight gain or loss&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Sleep problems or change in behavior&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Fever higher than 102&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Rashes or skin infections&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Frequent sore throats&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenshealth.html" id="1815" language="Spanish">Salud del niño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010372">Pediatrics</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067576">Child Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002662">Child Health Services</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002673">Child, Hospitalized</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002669">Child Welfare</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childrenshealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childrenshealth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childrenshealth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childrenshealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childrenshealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenshealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childrenshealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/childrenshealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html" id="1535">Child Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162">Child Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" id="535">Child Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5428">Common Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3012">Exercise for Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3693">Hearing Problems in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005">Medicines and Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schoolhealth.html" id="3612">School Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5959">Speech and Language Problems in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenhealth.html" id="609">Teen Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerhealth.html" id="1547">Toddler Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5431">Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pediatrics</see-reference>
<site title="7 Things to Know about Mind and Body Practices for Children and Teens" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-mind-and-body-practices-for-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pages/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/well-child-care-a-check-up-for-success.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="America's Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being" url="https://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are Antibiotics Needed for My Child's Runny Nose? Q &amp; A Guide for Parents" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/media/pdfs/Runny-Nose-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/sp/materials/runny-nose-faqs-sp.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest Pain in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Teen BMI Calculator Widget" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Nutrition: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children and the Use of Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/children-and-the-use-of-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children: General Health (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/general/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/general/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Child+Health%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Constipation in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coughing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Educational Resources for Students and Teachers: Bones, Joints, Muscles, and Skin" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/educational-resources">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elimination Problems or Constipation in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Child Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/child-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever (High Temperature) In Kids" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fever in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most From a Doctor's Visit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growing Pains (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growing-pains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growing-pains.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Charts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hear.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Kids Get Ready for Surgery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anesthesia-prepare.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anesthesia-prepare.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Often Do Children Need to Take a Bath?" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/care/child-bathing?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Body Works (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/center/htbw-main-page.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/center/htbw-main-page.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Give Your Child Medicine" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prepare Your Child for a Lab Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-a-lab-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-preparar-a-su-hijo-para-una-prueba-de-laboratorio/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Keep an Eye on Your Child's Vision" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/prevention/youth-vision-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/visionhealth/resources/features/spanish/vision-health-children.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Sleep (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Problems in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nemours KidsHealth: Movies and More" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/closet/#catmovies" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/closet/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Passing Healthy Habits on to Your Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/kids-passing-on-healthy-habits-to-your-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ninos-ensenarles-habitos-saludables-a-sus-hijos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children's Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Child+Health+Services%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pediatrics%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Child%2C+Hospitalized%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Child+Welfare%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repeated Infections in Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Terrors (Night Terrors)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Healthy (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/stay-healthy/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/stay-healthy/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Your Child's Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-temperature.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-temperature.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The day of surgery for your child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thermometers: Understand the Options" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/ART-20046737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/art-20046737?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Well-child visits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001928.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to use the emergency room - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When your child has diarrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your child and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007445.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Vision" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System" url="https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los chinches de cama pican y se alimentan de sangre. Es posible no presentar ninguna reacción a las picaduras, o puede tener pequeñas marcas o picazón." title="Chinches de cama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bedbugs.html" id="5650" language="Spanish" date-created="09/07/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Las chinches pican y se alimentan de su sangre. Es posible que no presente ninguna reacción a las picaduras, o puede tener pequeñas marcas o picazón. Las reacciones alérgicas graves son poco frecuentes. Las chinches no transmiten ni propagan enfermedades.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las chinches adultas son de color café, de 1/4 a 3/8 pulgadas de largo (0,6 a casi un centímetro) y tienen un cuerpo plano, de forma ovalada. Las chinches jóvenes (llamadas ninfas) son más pequeñas y de color más claro. Las chinches se esconden en varios lugares alrededor de la cama. También pueden ocultarse en costuras de sillas y sillones, entre cojines y en los pliegues de las cortinas. Salen a alimentarse aproximadamente cada cinco a 10 días pero pueden sobrevivir más de un año sin comer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir las chinches de cama en su casa:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Revise los muebles de segunda mano para detectar cualquier signo de chinches antes de llevarlos a su casa.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Utilice una cubierta protectora que recubra los colchones y somieres. Compruebe con regularidad la aparición de agujeros.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduzca el desorden en su casa, así las chinches tendrán menos lugares donde esconderse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desarme las valijas directamente en la lavadora después de un viaje y revise cuidadosamente su equipaje. Al hospedarse en hoteles, ponga las maletas en bastidores para equipajes en lugar de ponerlas en el suelo. Examine el colchón y la cabecera de la cama en busca de rastros de chinches.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Para deshacerse de las chinches de cama:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lave y seque la ropa de cama a altas temperaturas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use cubiertas protectoras para atrapar las chinches de cama y ayudar a detener la infestación.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Use pesticidas si es necesario.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia de Protección Ambiental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bedbugs.html" id="5649" language="English">Bed Bugs</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<site title="Biología y comportamiento de las chinches" url="https://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pdf/bb-biology2.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Extensión Cooperativa de Virginia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chinches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bedbugs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370001?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bedbugs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370001?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chinches" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bedbugs.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controle las chinches usted mismo" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/controle-las-chinches-usted-mismo" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/do-it-yourself-bed-bug-control">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar las chinches" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/como-encontrar-las-chinches" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/how-find-bed-bugs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las chinches" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/introduccion-las-chinches" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/introduction-bed-bugs">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Métodos de prevención contra los chinches" url="https://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pdf/bb-prevention2.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Extensión Cooperativa de Virginia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de chinches de cama" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/bedbug-bites.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Bedbug-Bites.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de insectos: Consejos para tener en cuenta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/picaduras-de-insectos-consejos-para-tener-en-cuent" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/stinging-insect-allergy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteja su hogar de las chinches" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/proteja-su-hogar-de-las-chinches" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/protecting-your-home-bed-bugs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una chinche!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bedbug.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bedbug.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chiropractic is a health care profession. Chiropractors perform manipulations to the spine or other parts of the body. Read more." title="Chiropractic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html" id="2727" language="English" date-created="10/03/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Chiropractic is a health care profession. Chiropractors perform adjustments (manipulations) to the spine or other parts of the body. The goal is to correct alignment problems, ease pain, and support the body's natural ability to heal itself. They may also use other treatments including :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heat and ice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Electrical stimulation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Relaxation techniques&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rehabilitative and general exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Counseling about diet, weight loss, and other lifestyle factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dietary supplements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people visit chiropractors for treatment of low &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back pain&lt;/a&gt;, neck pain, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headaches&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Complementary and Alternative Therapies</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html" id="2728" language="Spanish">Quiropráctica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002684">Chiropractic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D026882">Manipulation, Chiropractic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nccih.nih.gov/">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157">Back Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132">Complementary and Integrative Medicine</related-topic>
<site title="6 Things to Know When Selecting a Complementary Health Practitioner" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Adults' and Children's Use of Yoga, Mediation, and Chiropractors: National Health Interview Survey 2017" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/research/statistics/nhis/2017">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic Adjustment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chiropractic-adjustment/about/pac-20393513?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chiropractic-adjustment/about/pac-20393513?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic care for back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chiropractic-in-depth">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractors" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Chiropractors.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chiropractic Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=chiropractic&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Credentialing, Licensing, and Education" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/credentialing-licensing-and-education">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Chiropractic" url="https://www.acatoday.org/news-publications/newsroom/chiropractic-frequently-asked-questions/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Chiropractic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maintaining Good Posture" url="https://www.acatoday.org/patients/posture/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Chiropractic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chiropractic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Manipulation%2C+Chiropractic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Manipulation: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/spinal-manipulation-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Chiropractic?" url="https://handsdownbetter.org/about-chiropractic/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Chiropractic Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease contracted by men and women. Chlamydia usually does not have symptoms. Learn about tests and prevention." title="Chlamydia Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1307" language="English" date-created="06/14/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is chlamydia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chlamydia is a common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI). It is caused by bacteria called &lt;em&gt;Chlamydia trachomatis&lt;/em&gt;. Anyone can get chlamydia. It often doesn't cause symptoms, so people may not know that they have it. Antibiotics can cure it. But if it's not treated, chlamydia can cause serious health problems. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is chlamydia spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has chlamydia. A pregnant person can also pass chlamydia to the baby during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html"&gt;childbirth&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you've had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can get re-infected if you have unprotected sex with someone who has it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get chlamydia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chlamydia is more common in young people, especially young women. You are more likely to get infected with chlamydia if you don't consistently use a condom or if you have multiple partners.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of chlamydia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chlamydia doesn't usually cause any symptoms. So you may not realize that you have it. But even if you don't have symptoms, you can still pass the infection to others.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with someone who has chlamydia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms in women include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may have a strong smell&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A burning sensation when urinating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the infection spreads, you might get lower &lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt;, pain during sex, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms in men include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Discharge from your penis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A burning sensation when urinating (peeing)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the chlamydia infects the rectum (in men or women), it can cause rectal pain, discharge, and bleeding.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is chlamydia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are lab tests to diagnose chlamydia. Your health care provider may ask you to provide a urine sample. Or your provider may use (or ask you to use) a cotton swab to get a sample from your vagina to test for chlamydia.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;h3&gt;Who should be tested for chlamydia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You should go to your provider for a test if you have symptoms of chlamydia or if you have a partner who has an STI. Pregnant people should get a test when they go to their first &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal visit&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People at higher risk should get checked for chlamydia every year:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sexually active women 25 and younger&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older women who have new or multiple sex partners or a sex partner who has an STI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Men who have sex with men (MSM)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can chlamydia cause?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In women, an untreated infection can spread to your uterus and fallopian tubes, causing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html"&gt;pelvic inflammatory disease&lt;/a&gt; (PID). PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system. This can lead to long-term &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;pelvic pain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html"&gt;ectopic pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;. Women who have had chlamydia infections more than once are at higher risk of serious reproductive health complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Men often don't have health problems from chlamydia. Sometimes it can infect the epididymis (the tube that carries sperm). This can cause pain, fever, and, rarely, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Both men and women can develop &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html"&gt;reactive arthritis&lt;/a&gt; because of a chlamydia infection. Reactive arthritis is a type of arthritis that happens as a "reaction" to an infection in the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Babies born to infected mothers can get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html"&gt;eye infections&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt; from chlamydia. It may also make it more likely for your baby to be &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;born too early&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Untreated chlamydia may also increase your chances of getting or giving &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for chlamydia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics will cure the infection. You may get a one-time dose of the antibiotics, or you may need to take medicine every day for 7 days. It is important to take all the medicine that your provider prescribed for you. Antibiotics cannot repair any permanent damage that the disease has caused.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent spreading the disease to your partner, you should not have sex until the infection has cleared up. If you got a one-time dose of antibiotics, you should wait 7 days after taking the medicine to have sex again. If you have to take medicine every day for 7 days, you should not have sex again until you have finished taking all of the doses of your medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is common to get a repeat infection, so you need to get tested again about three months after treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can chlamydia be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The only sure way to prevent chlamydia is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading chlamydia. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1817" language="Spanish">Infecciones por clamidia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002690">Chlamydia Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<site title="About Chlamydia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-por-clamidia.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/chlamydial-infections?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chlamydia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chlamydia">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001345.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chlamydia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chlamydia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia infections in women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000660.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chlamydia-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-clamidia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/chlamydia-gonorrhea-and-syphilis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydial infections - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000659.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chlamydia Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chlamydia+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocervical Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epididymitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/stds.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphogranuloma venereum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000634.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chlamydia+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Urethral discharge culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Do you know how to respond if you see someone choking? Learn how to respond with back blows, the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts), and CPR. " title="Choking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html" id="1544" language="English" date-created="10/03/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Food or small objects can cause choking if they get caught in your throat and block your airway. This keeps oxygen from getting to your lungs and brain. If your brain goes without oxygen for more than four minutes, you could have brain damage or die.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Young children are at an especially high risk of choking. They can choke on foods like hot dogs, nuts and grapes, and on small objects like toy pieces and coins. Keep hazards out of their reach and supervise them when they eat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When someone is choking, quick action can be lifesaving. Learn how to do back blows, the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html"&gt;CPR&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html" id="1818" language="Spanish">Atragantamiento</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000402">Airway Obstruction</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foreignbodies.html" id="5607">Foreign Bodies</related-topic>
<see-reference>Heimlich Maneuver</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal thrusts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000047.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult First Aid/CPR/AED Ready Reference" url="https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/training-services/no-index/Adult_RRC.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blockage of upper airway" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000067.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/ART-20056600?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking - adult or child over 1 year" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000049.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking - infant under 1 year" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000048.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking - unconscious adult or child over 1 year" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking -- Heimlich Maneuver" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/health--safety-tips/choking--heimlich-manuever">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking and Strangulation Prevention Tips" url="https://www.safekids.org/tip/choking-and-strangulation-prevention-tips">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Safe Kids Worldwide</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking first aid - adult or child over 1 year - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100222_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100222_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking first aid - infant under 1 year - series -- Part 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100221_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100221_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking Prevention" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Choking-Prevention.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/choking-prevention.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking Prevention and Rescue Tips" url="https://www.nsc.org/community-safety/safety-topics/choking">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Safety Council</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/ART-20056637?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/art-20056637?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing Safe Toys" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safe-toys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safe-toys.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR for a Baby or Child" url="https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr/performing-cpr/child-baby-cpr">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR for Infants and Children" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/pediatrics/cpr-for-children">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR: A Real Lifesaver (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cpr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cpr.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency airway puncture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency airway puncture - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100113_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100113_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Choking" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/choking-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/choking-sheet.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign object - inhaled or swallowed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000036.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heimlich maneuver on self" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001983.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Household Safety: Preventing Choking" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-choking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-choking.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric First Aid/CPR/AED Ready Reference" url="https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/training-services/no-index/Pediatric_RRC.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choking" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Airway+Obstruction%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Responding to a Choking Emergency" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Responding-to-a-Choking-Emergency.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/responding-to-a-choking-emergency.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes diarrhea caused by bacteria usually found in contaminated water. Learn about symptoms and treatment. " title="Cholera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholera.html" id="5709" language="English" date-created="10/27/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. The cholera bacterium is usually found in water or food that has been contaminated by feces (poop). Cholera is rare in the US. You may get it if you travel to parts of the world with poor water and sewage treatment. Outbreaks can also happen after disasters. The disease is not likely to spread directly from person to person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cholera infections are often mild. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually start 2 to 3 days after infection. The most common symptom is watery diarrhea.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, the infection can be severe, causing  lots of watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Because you quickly lose body fluids, you are at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt;. Without treatment, you could die within hours. If you think that you might have cholera, you should get medical care right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose cholera with a stool sample or rectal swab. Treatment is the replacement of the fluid and salts that you lost through the diarrhea. This is usually with a rehydration solution that you drink. People with severe cases may need an I.V. to replace the fluids. Some of them may also need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. Most people who get fluid replacement right away will recover.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are vaccines to prevent cholera. One of them is available for adults in the U.S. Very few Americans need it, because most people do not visit areas that have an active cholera outbreak.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;There are also simple steps you can take to help to prevent cholera infection:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, washing dishes, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your hands often with soap and clean water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholera.html" id="5710" language="Spanish">Cólera</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002771">Cholera</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholera.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/cholera.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<site title="About Cholera" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000303.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholera Fact Sheet" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholera in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Cholera.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/cholera.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cholera" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cholera%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Cholera: Five Basic Steps" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/prevention/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholera" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cholera%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Cholera" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Cholera" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/treatment/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your body needs some cholesterol, but too much can raise your risk of heart disease. Know the types (HDL and LDL), and how to lower high cholesterol." title="Cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Hypercholesterolemia</also-called>
<also-called>Hyperlipidemia</also-called>
<also-called>Hyperlipoproteinemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to make &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. Cholesterol is also found in foods from animal sources, such as egg yolks, meat, and cheese.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have too much cholesterol in your blood, it can combine with other substances in the blood to form plaque. Plaque sticks to the walls of your arteries. This buildup of plaque is known as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. It can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;, a condition in which your coronary arteries become narrow or even blocked.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are HDL, LDL, and VLDL?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HDL, LDL, and VLDL are lipoproteins. They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein. The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. Different types of lipoproteins have different purposes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; stands for high-density lipoprotein. It is sometimes called "good" cholesterol because it helps your body get rid of cholesterol.  It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; stands for low-density lipoprotein. It is sometimes called "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to the buildup of plaque in your arteries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html"&gt;VLDL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; stands for very low-density lipoprotein. Some people also call VLDL a "bad" cholesterol because it too contributes to the buildup of plaque in your arteries. But VLDL and LDL are different; VLDL mainly carries &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglycerides&lt;/a&gt; and LDL mainly carries cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes high cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common cause of high cholesterol is an unhealthy lifestyle. This can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unhealthy eating habits,&lt;/strong&gt; such as eating lots of saturated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;. These fats are found in red meats, full-fat dairy products, chocolate, some baked goods, and many deep-fried and processed foods.  Eating too much saturated fat can raise your LDL (bad) cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Lack of physical activity&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; with lots of sitting and little exercise. This lowers your HDL (good) cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which lowers HDL cholesterol, especially in women. It also raises your LDL cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;Stress&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which may raise levels of certain hormones such as corticosteroids. These can cause your body to make more cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drinking too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which can raise your total cholesterol level.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Genetics may also cause people to have high cholesterol. For example, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/"&gt;familial hypercholesterolemia&lt;/a&gt; (FH) is an inherited condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Other medical conditions and certain medicines may also raise LDL cholesterol levels or lower HDL cholesterol levels.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can raise my risk of high cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A variety of things can raise your risk of high cholesterol:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your cholesterol levels tend to rise as you get older. Even though it is less common, younger people, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;children and teens&lt;/a&gt;, can also have high cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Between ages 20 and 39, men have a greater risk of high total cholesterol than women. But after &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt;, a woman's risk goes up. This happens because menopause lowers levels of female hormones that may protect against high blood cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history.&lt;/strong&gt; High blood cholesterol can run in families.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other health conditions.&lt;/strong&gt; Conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt; can raise your risk of high cholesterol.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain medicines can raise your level of LDL cholesterol or lower your level of HDL cholesterol, including:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;Steroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy medicines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicines taken after an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicines for certain heart conditions&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html"&gt;acne&lt;/a&gt; medicines&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race or ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; People from certain racial or ethnic groups may have an increased risk of high cholesterol. For example, Asian Americans are more likely to have high levels of LDL cholesterol than other groups. And non-Hispanic White people are more likely than other groups to have high levels of total cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weight.&lt;/strong&gt; Being overweight or having obesity raises your cholesterol level.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other health problems can high cholesterol cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Undiagnosed or untreated high blood cholesterol can lead to serious health problems:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have large deposits of plaque in your arteries, an area of plaque can rupture (break open). This can cause a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block blood flow in a coronary artery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle is reduced or blocked, it can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt; (chest pain) or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Plaque also can build up in other arteries in your body, including the arteries that bring oxygen-rich blood to your brain and limbs. This can lead to problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html"&gt;carotid artery disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;peripheral arterial disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is high cholesterol diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are usually no signs or symptoms that you have high cholesterol. A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; can measure your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt;. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history.  The general recommendations are:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are age 19 or younger:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first test should be between ages 9 to 11&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children should have the test again every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high blood cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are ages 20 to 65:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Younger adults should have the test every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people over age 65:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They should be tested every year&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I lower my cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;lower your cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; through heart-healthy lifestyle changes. They include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;heart-healthy eating plan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;weight management&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the lifestyle changes alone do not lower your cholesterol enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol-lowering medicines&lt;/a&gt; available, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html"&gt;statins&lt;/a&gt;. If you take medicines to lower your cholesterol, you still should continue with the lifestyle changes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may receive a treatment called lipoprotein apheresis. This treatment uses a filtering machine to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. Then the machine returns the rest of the blood back to the person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811">Cholesterol Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809">How to Lower Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6807">How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6909">VLDL Cholesterol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Familial Hypercholesterolemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypercholesterolemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyperlipidemia</see-reference>
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<site title="Total cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007813.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="VLDL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Blood Cholesterol?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-cholesterol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/colesterol-en-sangre">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What You Do Now Can Prevent Heart Disease Later" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-you-do-now-can-prevent-heart-disease-later" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/lo-que-haga-hoy-puede-prevenir-enfermedades-del-corazon-en-el-futuro">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Xanthelasma Palpebrarum" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/xanthelasma-palpebrarum?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="High cholesterol levels can put you at risk of heart diseases. It's important to get regular cholesterol tests and make sure your levels are in a healthy range." title="Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781" language="English" date-created="12/04/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly.  But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;How do you measure cholesterol levels?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; called a lipoprotein or lipid panel can measure your cholesterol levels. Before the test, you'll need to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/"&gt;fast&lt;/a&gt; (not eat or drink anything but water) for 9 to 12 hours. The test gives information about your:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Total cholesterol&lt;/strong&gt;. This is a measure of the total amount of cholesterol in your blood. It includes both low-density lipoprotein (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;) cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LDL cholesterol.&lt;/strong&gt; LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol because it is the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HDL cholesterol.&lt;/strong&gt; HDL is often called "good" cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from your arteries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Non-HDL.&lt;/strong&gt; This number is your total cholesterol minus your HDL. Your non-HDL includes LDL and other types of cholesterol such as VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;Triglycerides&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This is another type of fat in your blood that can raise the risk of heart disease, especially in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;women&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What do my cholesterol numbers mean?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cholesterol numbers are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Talk with your healthcare provider about what your cholesterol numbers should be. The numbers that are best for you may depend on your age, race, blood pressure, weight, family history, and more. However, here are some general guidelines showing the desirable levels (levels that are healthy for most people):&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anyone age 19 or younger:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Type of Cholesterol&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Healthy Level&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Total Cholesterol&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 170 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Non-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 120 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 110 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;More than 45 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Men age 20 or older:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for men age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Type of Cholesterol&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Healthy Level&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Total Cholesterol&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 200 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Non-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 130 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 100 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL is best.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; Levels less than 40 mg/dL are considered low.&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Women age 20 or older:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for women age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Type of Cholesterol&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Healthy Level&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
                &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Total Cholesterol&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 200 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Non-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 130 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 100 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL is best.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; Levels less than 50 mg/dL are considered low.&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Triglycerides are not a type of cholesterol, but they are also measured in this test. A normal triglyceride level is below 150 mg/dL. You might need treatment if you have triglyceride levels that are borderline high (150-199 mg/dL) or high (200 mg/dL or more).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How often should I get a cholesterol test?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When and how often you should get a cholesterol test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are age 19 or younger&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first test should be between ages 9 to 11&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children should have the test again every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are ages 20 to 65&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Younger adults should have the test every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people older than 65:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They should be tested every year&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What affects my cholesterol levels?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many factors can affect your cholesterol levels. Some of them are things you can change:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diet.&lt;/strong&gt; Saturated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fat&lt;/a&gt; and cholesterol in the food you eat make your blood cholesterol level rise. Saturated fat is the main problem, but cholesterol in foods also matters. Reducing the amount of saturated fat in your diet helps lower your blood cholesterol level. Foods that have high levels of saturated fats include red meats, full-fat dairy products, chocolate, some baked goods, and deep-fried and processed foods.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weight.&lt;/strong&gt; Being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; are risk factors for heart disease. They also tend to increase your cholesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Lack of physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Not being physically active is a risk factor for heart disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Cigarette smoking lowers your HDL cholesterol. Since HDL helps to remove cholesterol from your arteries, having a lower HDL level can contribute to a higher cholesterol level. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Some factors that you cannot change can also affect cholesterol levels, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your cholesterol levels tend to rise as you get older. Even though it is less common, younger people, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;children and teens&lt;/a&gt;, can also have high cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Between ages 20 and 39, men have a greater risk of high total cholesterol than women. But after &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt;, a woman's risk goes up. This happens because menopause lowers levels of female hormones that may protect against high blood cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history.&lt;/strong&gt; Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes. High cholesterol can run in families.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race or ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; People from certain racial or ethnic groups may have an increased risk of high cholesterol. For example, Asian Americans are more likely to have high levels of LDL cholesterol than other groups. And non-Hispanic White people are more likely than other groups to have high levels of total cholesterol. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;How can I lower my cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;lower your cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; through heart-healthy lifestyle changes. They include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;heart-healthy eating plan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;weight management&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the lifestyle changes alone do not lower your cholesterol enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol-lowering medicines&lt;/a&gt; available, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html"&gt;statins&lt;/a&gt;. If you take medicines to lower your cholesterol, you still should continue with the lifestyle changes.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782" language="Spanish">Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002784">Cholesterol</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006937">Hypercholesterolemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811">Cholesterol Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6907">High Cholesterol in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809">How to Lower Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6807">How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" id="4909">Statins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6909">VLDL Cholesterol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Familial Hypercholesterolemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypercholesterolemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyperlipidemia</see-reference>
<site title="Cholesterol - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol and lifestyle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Good and Bad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/cholesterol-good-and-bad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/colesterol-bueno-y-colesterol-malo/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol testing and results" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperlipoproteinemia+Type+II%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High blood cholesterol levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000403.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cholesterol%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hypercholesterolemia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Cholesterol Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000403_9.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000403_69.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007813.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total Cholesterol" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Cholesterol/Cholesterol-Score-Explained-English.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triglycerides Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triglycerides-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-trigliceridos/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Your Cholesterol Levels Mean" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/about-cholesterol/what-your-cholesterol-levels-mean">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If diet and exercise don't reduce your cholesterol levels enough, you may need to take medicine. Learn about the different types of cholesterol medicines." title="Cholesterol Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811" language="English" date-created="01/16/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly.  But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for high cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have high cholesterol, lifestyle changes can help you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;lower your cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt;. But sometimes the lifestyle changes are not enough, and you need to take cholesterol medicines. But you should still continue with the lifestyle changes even though you are taking medicines.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs cholesterol medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may prescribe cholesterol medicines for you if:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have already had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, or you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;peripheral arterial disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your LDL (bad) cholesterol level is 190 mg/dL or higher&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You are 40-75 years old, you have diabetes, and your LDL cholesterol level is 70 mg/dL or higher&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You are 40-75 years old, you have a high risk of developing heart disease or stroke, and your LDL cholesterol level is 70 mg/dL or higher&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of cholesterol medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several types of cholesterol-lowering drugs available, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html"&gt;Statins&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; They reduce the amount of cholesterol made in the liver. They also increase your liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol that is already in the blood. Statins are the most common medicines used to treat high cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bile acid sequestrants.&lt;/strong&gt;  They keep bile acids, which digest fats and oils, from being absorbed into the body.  But your body needs bile acids, so your liver will make more of them. It makes them by breaking down LDL cholesterol, so this helps lower your LDL cholesterol. Your provider may prescribe these medicines if you cannot take statins or if statins alone are not lowering your cholesterol enough.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cholesterol absorption inhibitors.&lt;/strong&gt;  They block how cholesterol is absorbed into the body. They are also used if you cannot take statins or if statins alone are not lowering your cholesterol enough.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nicotinic acid (niacin).&lt;/strong&gt;  It is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;B vitamin&lt;/a&gt;. It reduces the amount of fats made by your liver, so it lowers your LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Niacin also raises HDL cholesterol. Even though you can buy niacin without a prescription, you should talk to your provider before taking it to lower your cholesterol. High doses of niacin can cause serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effects&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PCSK9 inhibitors.&lt;/strong&gt;  These are medicines that you inject under your skin. They block a protein called PCSK9. This helps your liver remove and clear LDL cholesterol from your blood. Your provider may prescribe a PCSK9 inhibitor and a statin if you are at high risk of complications like heart attack or stroke, or if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/"&gt;familial hypercholesterolemia&lt;/a&gt; (FH). FH is an inherited disorder that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fibrates.&lt;/strong&gt;  They lower triglycerides in several complex ways, including reducing the amount of triglycerides made by the liver. They may also help increase HDL cholesterol and may lower LDL levels a bit. If you take them with statins, it might increase the risk of side effects.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Combination medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; They include more than one type of cholesterol-lowering medicine. There are also combination medicines that can treat both &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also a few other cholesterol medicines (lomitapide and mipomersen) that are only for people who have FH.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How does my health care provider decide which cholesterol medicine I should take?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When deciding which medicine you should take and which dose you need, your provider will consider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your cholesterol levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your risk for heart disease and stroke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Any other health problems you have.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Possible side effects of the medicines. Higher doses are more likely to cause side effects, especially over time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medicines can help control your cholesterol, but they don't cure it. You need to keep taking your medicines and get regular cholesterol checks to make sure that your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt; are in a healthy range.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6812" language="Spanish">Medicinas para el colesterol</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009539">Nicotinic Acids</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019161">Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058607">Fibric Acids</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000960">Hypolipidemic Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006937">Hypercholesterolemia</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000188">drug therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000069438">Ezetimibe</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809">How to Lower Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" id="4909">Statins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<site title="Bile acid sequestrants for cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000787.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol - drug treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Medications" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia/cholesterol-medications">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Medications: Consider the Options" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol-medications/art-20050958?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol-medications/art-20050958?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol-Lowering Medicines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/treatment/cholesterol-lowering-medicines.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ezetimibe" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ezetimibe%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA+Reductase+Inhibitors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypolipidemic Agents" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypolipidemic+Agents%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nicotinic Acids" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nicotinic+Acids%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibrates" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to take statins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacin for cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Medicines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ezetimibe%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Nicotinic+Acids%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Fibric+Acids%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hypolipidemic+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA+Reductase+Inhibitors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Statins: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="We all want high-quality health care, but it's hard to know how to choose. Learn about specific things to consider when finding a doctor." title="Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service" url="https://medlineplus.gov/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html" id="1433" language="English" date-created="03/09/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;We all want high-quality health care, but it's hard to know how to choose. There are many things to consider, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What your insurance covers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether a health care provider or service is accredited&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The location of a service&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hours that the service is available&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether you like a health care provider's personality &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On this page you'll find information to help you choose a health care provider or service.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html" id="1820" language="Spanish">Elección de un doctor o plan médico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003695">Delivery of Health Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010817">Physician-Patient Relations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfacilities.html" id="486">Health Facilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616">Patient Safety</related-topic>
<site title="6 Things to Know When Selecting a Complementary Health Practitioner" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services" url="https://www.cms.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a doctor and hospital for your cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000928.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Family Doctor" url="https://familydoctor.org/choosing-a-family-doctor/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-elegir-un-medico-de-familia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a primary care provider" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001939.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Primary Health Care Provider (PCP): General Information for Young Women" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/choosing-a-doctor/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/2009/02/09/como-elegir-un-proveedor-de-cuidado-primario/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Safe and Successful Weight-Loss Program" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/choosing-a-safe-successful-weight-loss-program" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-escoger-programa-para-adelgazar-seguro-exitoso">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing the right health care provider for pregnancy and childbirth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Different Care Settings at the End of Life" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/different-care-settings-end-life">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DocInfo" url="https://www.docinfo.org/#/search/query">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Ambulatory Care Use and Physician Office Visits" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/physician-visits.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dialysis Facility" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=DialysisFacility">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Nursing Homes Including Rehab Services" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding a Doctor for Your New Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding Cancer Care" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/finding-cancer-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/manejo-del-cancer/servicios?redirect=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Ambulatory Care" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-ambulatory.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/assetmanager/hyc_ahc_spanishpdf.pdf?db=web&amp;hash=A3CF1C682FB2622A1415FFE8D9A63731">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Hospice Care" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-hospice.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/assetmanager/hyc_hospice_spanishpdf.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Hospital Care" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-hospital.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Nursing Care Center Services" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-nursing-care.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Choose a Doctor You Can Talk to" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments/how-choose-doctor-you-can-talk">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Find and Compare Health Care Providers" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Directories" url="https://medlineplus.gov/directories.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Providers: Tips on Finding One" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Delivery+of+Health+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Physician-Patient+Relations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="QuestionBuilder App" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways that carry air to your lungs. Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition. Discover symptoms and treatment." title="Chronic Bronchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1608" language="English" date-created="04/17/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is chronic bronchitis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Chronic bronchitis is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. The other main type of COPD is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html"&gt;emphysema&lt;/a&gt;. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chronic bronchitis is inflammation (swelling) and irritation of the bronchial tubes. These tubes are the airways that carry air to and from the air sacs in your lungs. The irritation of the tubes causes mucus to build up. This mucus and the swelling of the tubes make it harder for your lungs to move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes chronic bronchitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of chronic bronchitis is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;cigarette smoke&lt;/a&gt; is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause chronic bronchitis, especially if you inhale them.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to chronic bronchitis. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;air pollution&lt;/a&gt;, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rarely, a genetic condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html"&gt;alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency&lt;/a&gt; can play a role in causing chronic bronchitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for chronic bronchitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risk factors for chronic bronchitis include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Smoking.&lt;/strong&gt; This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have chronic bronchitis smoke or used to smoke.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long-term exposure to other lung irritants&lt;/strong&gt;, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Most people who have chronic bronchitis are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get chronic bronchitis are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt; or a cough that produces a lot mucus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tightness in your chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people with chronic bronchitis get frequent respiratory infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;. In severe cases, chronic bronchitis can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;swelling&lt;/a&gt; in your ankles, feet, or legs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is chronic bronchitis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Various tests, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/"&gt;lung function tests&lt;/a&gt;, a chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;, and blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for chronic bronchitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for chronic bronchitis. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/strong&gt;, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat chronic bronchitis.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt; to reduce inflammation.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Vaccines for the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with chronic bronchitis are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, if you have severe chronic bronchitis and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;An exercise program&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Disease management training&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Nutritional counseling&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Psychological counseling&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;A lung transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have chronic bronchitis, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can chronic bronchitis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;


&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1790" language="Spanish">Bronquitis crónica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D029481">Bronchitis, Chronic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronicbronchitis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html" id="5755">Acute Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2">Asthma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html" id="27">COPD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html" id="3623">Emphysema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" id="5334">Oxygen Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronchitis</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood gases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, and Lungs" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/bronchi.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronchitis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/bronquitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronchitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Bronchitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/https-familydoctor-org-condition-chronic-bronchitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquitis-cronica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchitis, Chronic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchitis,+Chronic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cough" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cough/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/tos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Includes: Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/copd.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to breathe when you are short of breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm: The Slime That Keeps You Healthy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic bronchitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bronchitis%2C+Chronic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/spirometry">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with breathing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood easily, then you may suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Read about the treatments available" title="Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5987" language="English" date-created="02/14/2012">
<also-called>CKD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist.  Their main job is to filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. They also keep the body's chemicals balanced, help control blood pressure, and make hormones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood as they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. It can also cause other problems that can harm your health. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of CKD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The kidney damage occurs slowly over many years. Many people don't have any symptoms until their kidney disease is very advanced. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;Blood and urine tests&lt;/a&gt; are the only way to know if you have kidney disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Treatments cannot cure kidney disease, but they may slow kidney disease. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicines to lower blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, control &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, and lower &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;. CKD may still get worse over time. Sometimes it can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;. If your kidneys fail, you will need  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;kidney transplantation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can take steps to keep your kidneys healthier longer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choose foods with less  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt; (sodium)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;Control your blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;; your health care provider can tell you what your blood pressure should be&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep your blood sugar in the target range, if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limit the amount of alcohol you drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choose foods that are healthy for your heart: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lose weight if you are overweight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be physically active&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't smoke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5988" language="Spanish">Enfermedad renal crónica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D051436">Renal Insufficiency, Chronic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/chronickidneydisease.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html" id="3789">Dialysis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91">Kidney Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302">Kidney Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>CKD</see-reference>
<site title="ACE inhibitors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are High-protein Diets Safe for Weight Loss?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="At Risk for Kidney Disease?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Disease Education Program</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic kidney disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000471.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-cronica-de-los-rinones-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)" url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/es/todo-sobre-los-rinones/la-enfermedad-renal-cronica-erc">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Kidney Fund</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Renal+Insufficiency,+Chronic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping: Managing Your Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/11-10-0503_coping.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creatinine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dandelion" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/dandelion">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet - chronic kidney disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002442.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dining Out with Confidence - On Dialysis" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/dining-out-confidence-dialysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/kidney-topics/comiendo-fuera-de-casa-con-confianza">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Right for Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/eating-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/alimentos-nutricion">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Kidney Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/kidney-disease.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibronectin glomerulopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibronectin-glomerulopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/helping-child-adapt-life-chronic-kidney-disease/growth-failure-chronic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herbal Supplements and Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/herbal-supplements-and-kidney-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/node/25438">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="If You Have Kidney Disease, You Need to Get a Flu Shot this Fall" url="https://www.kidney.org/news-stories/if-you-have-kidney-disease-you-need-to-get-flu-shot-fall">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Your Heart Healthy: What You Should Know about Lipids When You Have Chronic Kidney Disease (Stages 1-4)" url="https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/docs/11-50-2106_fba_patbro_hearthealthy_3_1_1.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney School" url="https://kidneyschool.org/mods/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Life Options Rehabilitation Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/control">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/mineral-bone-disorder">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Kidney Disease Education Program" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses/nkdep">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Disease Education Program</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Kidney Foundation" url="https://www.kidney.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/eating-nutrition/nutrition-advanced-chronic-kidney-disease-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/alimentos-nutricion/dieta-nutricion-adultos-enfermedad-renal-cronica-avanzada">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/helping-child-adapt-life-chronic-kidney-disease/nutrition-chronic-kidney-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/ninos/nutricion-ninos-enfermedad-renal-cronica">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planning for Emergencies: A Guide for People with Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/planning-emergencies-guide-people-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium in Your CKD Diet" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/potassium-your-ckd-diet" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/atoz/content/potassium">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/pregnancy-and-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Renal+Insufficiency%2C+Chronic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renal Diet for Vegetarians: What about Protein?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Renal perfusion scintiscan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003831.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Renovascular hypertension" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000204.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health and Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/sexual-health-and-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slowing Kidney Disease" url="https://lifeoptions.org/learn-about-kidney-disease/slowing-kidney-disease/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Life Options Rehabilitation Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Fit with Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/staying-fit-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Minerals in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/vitamins-and-minerals-chronic-kidney-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/atoz/content/vitamineral">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Chronic Kidney Disease?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/que-es">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Disease Education Program</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Working with Kidney Disease: Rehabilitation and Employment" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/working-kidney-disease-rehabilitation-and-employment">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or CLL is cancer of the white blood cells, where abnormal cells are made.  This makes it hard for the blood to do its work." title="Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="87" language="English" date-created="12/18/1998">
<also-called>CLL</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;Leukemia&lt;/a&gt; is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White blood cells help your body fight infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Platelets&lt;/a&gt; help form clots to stop bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of chronic leukemia. "Chronic" means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CLL, the bone marrow makes abnormal lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;easy bleeding&lt;/a&gt;. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.
CLL is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age. It is rare in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CLL happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown, so it's hard to predict who might get CLL. There are a few factors that might raise your risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is hard to predict who will get CLL. There are a few factors that could raise your risk:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Age - your risk goes up as you get older. Most people who are diagnosed with CLL are over 50.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of CLL and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;bone marrow&lt;/a&gt; diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Racial/ethnic group - CLL is more common in whites than in people from other racial or ethnic groups&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to certain chemicals, including Agent Orange, a chemical that was used in the Vietnam War&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the beginning, CLL does not cause any symptoms. Later, you can have symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes - you may notice them as painless lumps in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;feeling tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; and infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no known reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drenching night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
    
&lt;h3&gt;How is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose CLL:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;complete blood count (CBC) with differential&lt;/a&gt; and blood chemistry tests. Blood chemistry tests measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Specific blood chemistry tests include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/"&gt;basic metabolic panel (BMP)&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/"&gt;comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;kidney function tests&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/"&gt;liver function tests&lt;/a&gt;, and an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/"&gt;electrolyte panel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flow cytometry tests, which check for leukemia cells and identify which type of leukemia it is. The tests can be done on blood, bone marrow, or other tissue.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; to look for gene and chromosome changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are diagnosed with CLL, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/"&gt;bone marrow tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for CLL include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;Watchful waiting, which means that you don't get treatment right away. Your health care provider regularly checks to see if your signs or symptoms appear or change.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;bone marrow&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell&lt;/a&gt; transplant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The goals of treatment are to slow the growth of the leukemia cells and to give you long periods of remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared. The CLL may come back after remission, and you may need more treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2005" language="Spanish">Leucemia linfocítica crónica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007945">Leukemia, Lymphoid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="1437">Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5622">Acute Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" id="1438">Childhood Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5624">Chronic Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html" id="5620">Leukemia</related-topic>
<see-reference>CLL</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic</see-reference>
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<site title="Cancer Statistics: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/clyl.html">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Choosing a Blood Cancer Specialist" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/choosing-blood-cancer-specialist-or-treatment-center/choosing-blood-cancer-specialist" language-mapped-url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/FS6S_ChoosingABCSOTC%20Facts_Span.pdf">
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<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
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<site title="Chronic B-Cell Leukemias and Agent Orange" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/agentorange/conditions/bcell-leukemia.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
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<site title="Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000532.htm">
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<site title="Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL)" url="https://lymphoma.org/understanding-lymphoma/aboutlymphoma/cll/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Lymphoma Research Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leukemia, Lymphoid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leukemia,+Lymphoid%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Do We Know What Causes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopeptide A blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="General Information about Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-llc-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Diagnosed?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Immunoelectrophoresis - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003541.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Integrative Medicine and Complementary and Alternative Therapies" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Lab and Imaging Tests" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests" language-mapped-url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society" url="https://www.lls.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Leukemia%2C+Lymphoid%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask About Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stage Information for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-llc-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Supportive or Palliative Care for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/treating/supportive-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/tratamiento/cuidado-de-apoyo.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-llc-pdq#_48">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Typical Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/treating/treatment-by-risk-group.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/tratamiento/tratamieto-por-grupo-de-riesgo.html">
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<site title="What Are the Risk Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
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<site title="What Is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/what-is-cll.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/acerca/que-es-leucemia-linfocitica-cronica.html">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a cancer of the white blood cells. It usually affects older adults. Learn about symptoms, genetics, and treatment." title="Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5624" language="English" date-created="10/12/2010">
<also-called>CML</also-called>
<also-called>Chronic granulocytic leukemia</also-called>
<also-called>Chronic myelogenous leukemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;Leukemia&lt;/a&gt; is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White blood cells help your body fight infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Platelets&lt;/a&gt; help form clots to stop bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. "Chronic" means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;easy bleeding&lt;/a&gt;. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CML usually occurs in adults during or after middle age. It is rare in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with CML have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/#causes"&gt;genetic change&lt;/a&gt; called the Philadelphia chromosome. It's called that because researchers in Philadelphia discovered it. People normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell. These chromosomes contain your DNA (genetic material). In CML, part of the DNA from one chromosome moves to another chromosome. It combines with some DNA there, which creates a new gene called BCR-ABL. This gene causes your bone marrow to make an abnormal protein. This protein allows the leukemia cells to grow out of control.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Philadelphia chromosome isn't passed from parent to child. It happens during your lifetime. The cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is hard to predict who will get CML. There are a few factors that could raise your risk:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Age - your risk goes up as you get older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gender - CML is slightly more common in men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to high-dose &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling very &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no known reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drenching night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose CML:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;complete blood count (CBC) with differential&lt;/a&gt;  and blood chemistry tests. Blood chemistry tests measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Specific blood chemistry tests include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/"&gt;basic metabolic panel (BMP)&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/"&gt;comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;kidney function tests&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/"&gt;liver function tests&lt;/a&gt;, and an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/"&gt;electrolyte panel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/"&gt;Bone marrow tests&lt;/a&gt;. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; to look for gene and chromosome changes, including tests to look for the Philadelphia chromosome&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are diagnosed with CML, you may have additional tests such as imaging tests to see whether the cancer has spread.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the phases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different treatments for CML:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. For CML, the drugs are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). They block tyrosine kinase, which is an enzyme that causes your bone marrow to make too many blasts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High-dose chemotherapy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). DLI is a treatment that may be used after a stem cell transplant. It involves giving you an infusion (into your bloodstream) of healthy lymphocytes from the stem cell transplant donor. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. These donor lymphocytes may kill the remaining cancer cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery to remove the spleen (splenectomy)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Which treatments you get will depend on which phase you are in, your age, your overall health, and other factors. When the signs and symptoms of CML are reduced or have disappeared, it is called remission. The CML may come back after remission, and you may need more treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5625" language="Spanish">Leucemia mielógena crónica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015464">Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D054438">Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5622">Acute Myeloid Leukemia</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="87">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html" id="5620">Leukemia</related-topic>
<see-reference>CML</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic</see-reference>
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<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Atypical Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_257" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_147">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="BCR ABL Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bcr-abl-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-bcr-abl/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
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<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Cancer Statistics: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Childhood Leukemia: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352417?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000570.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant/diseases-treated-by-transplant/chronic-myeloid-leukemia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic myeloid leukemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chronic-myeloid-leukemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leukemia,+Myelogenous,+Chronic,+BCR-ABL+Positive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leukemia,+Myeloid,+Chronic,+Atypical,+BCR-ABL+Negative%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cryoglobulins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopeptide A blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lmc-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf">
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<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Integrative Medicine and Complementary and Alternative Therapies" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
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<site title="Lab and Imaging Tests" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests" language-mapped-url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
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<site title="Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society" url="https://www.lls.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Leukemia%2C+Myelogenous%2C+Chronic%2C+BCR-ABL+Positive%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Leukemia%2C+Myeloid%2C+Chronic%2C+Atypical%2C+BCR-ABL+Negative%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Risk Factors for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq#_31" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lmc-pdq#_96">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Phase" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/treating/treating-by-phase.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/tratamiento/tratamiento-segun-la-etapa.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lmc-pdq#_115">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Types of Treatment: Clinical Trials" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/clinical-trials">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/what-is-cml.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/acerca/que-es-leucemia-mieloide-cronica.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Experiencing ongoing pain is called chronic pain. While chronic pain cannot be cured, there are treatments that can help manage and reduce." title="Chronic Pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html" id="5995" language="English" date-created="03/06/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;Pain&lt;/a&gt; is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong.  It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Pain may be sharp or dull. You may feel pain in one area of your body, or all over.  There are two types: acute pain and chronic pain. Acute pain lets you know that you may be injured or a have problem you need to take care of. Chronic pain is different.  The pain may last for weeks, months, or even years. The original cause may have been an injury or infection. There may be an ongoing cause of pain, such as arthritis or cancer. In some cases there is no clear cause. Environmental and psychological factors can make chronic pain worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many older adults have chronic pain. Women also report having more chronic pain than men, and they are at a greater risk for many pain conditions. Some people have two or more chronic pain conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chronic pain is not always curable, but treatments can help. There are drug treatments, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;. There are also &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html"&gt;non-drug treatments&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuncture&lt;/a&gt;, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<descriptor id="D059350">Chronic Pain</descriptor>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html" id="7107">Non-Drug Pain Management</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" id="4059">Pain Relievers</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pain, Chronic</see-reference>
<site title="&quot;Ouch, That Hurts!&quot; The Science of Pain" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ouch-that-hurts-the-science-of-pain" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/uy-eso-duele-la-ciencia-del-dolor">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/amplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindrome-de-dolor-musculoesqueletico-amplificado-amps">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Another Weapon against Chronic Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/pain-medications/ART-20045647?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Pain Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/central-pain-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/https-familydoctor-org-condition-chronic-pain-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/condition-chronic-pain-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain and PTSD: A Guide for Patients" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/chronic_pain.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chronic Pain" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chronic+Pain%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary Health Approaches for Chronic Pain: What the Science Says" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/complementary-health-approaches-for-chronic-pain-science">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Chronic Pain" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/pain/chronic?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/pain/dolor?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Employees with Chronic Pain" url="https://askjan.org/disabilities/Chronic-Pain.cfm?">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disability Employment Policy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Pain: Moving Beyond Opioids" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/10/managing-pain" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-del-dolor">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing your chronic back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000516.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myofascial Pain Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375444?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375444?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Pain Consortium" url="https://www.painconsortium.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NIH Pain Consortium</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-Drug Pain Management: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pain and your emotions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000417.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain Management" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/pain-management/basic-facts">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Geriatrics Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain Relievers: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic+Pain%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las cicatrices son parches de piel permanente que crecen sobre una herida. Se forman después de una cortadura, un raspón, una quemadura o una llaga." title="Cicatriz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html" id="3196" language="Spanish" date-created="05/12/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una cicatriz es un parche de piel permanente que crece sobre una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;herida&lt;/a&gt;. Se forma cuando el cuerpo se cura después de una cortadura, un raspón, una quemadura o una llaga. Las cicatrices también pueden resultar tras una cirugía donde se corte la piel, infecciones como la varicela o afecciones de la piel, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html"&gt;acné&lt;/a&gt;. Las cicatrices suelen ser más gruesas, así como más rosadas, rojas o brillantes que el resto de la piel.
 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La apariencia de sus cicatrices depende de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El tamaño y la profundidad de la herida &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Su localización &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El tiempo de curación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Su edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Su tendencia hereditaria a la cicatrización &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las cicatrices suelen desvanecerse con el tiempo, pero nunca desaparecen completamente. Si la apariencia de una cicatriz le molesta, hay varios tratamientos que pueden minimizarla. Entre ellos se encuentran la revisión quirúrgica, la dermoabrasión, los tratamientos con láser, las inyecciones, la eliminación de células muertas con productos químicos y las cremas. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html" id="3195" language="English">Scars</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="2092">Cirugía plástica y cosmética</related-topic>
<site title="Cicatrices (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/scars.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/scars.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cicatrices y heridas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/cicatrices-y-heridas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/scars-and-wounds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para suavizar la superficie de la piel (dermabrasión)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100101_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100101_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermoabrasión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002987.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002987.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stretch-marks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stretch-marks.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación quirúrgica de una cicatriz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100098_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100098_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queloides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000849.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Revisión de cicatriz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002991.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible eliminar las cicatrices del acné?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acne-scars.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne-scars.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los cigarrillos electrónicos son parecidos a los tradicionales pero funcionan con baterías. Entérese sobre posibles riesgos a la salud por su uso. " title="Cigarrillo electrónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html" id="6291" language="Spanish" date-created="10/07/2015">
<also-called>Cigarro electrónico</also-called>
<also-called>Vaporizador electrónico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los cigarrillos electrónicos o cigarrillos-e son dispositivos para fumar que funcionan con baterías. A menudo se parecen a los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;cigarrillos&lt;/a&gt;, pero funcionan de forma diferente. El uso de un cigarrillo electrónico se conoce como "vapear". El usuario inhala desde la boquilla del dispositivo. Esto causa que el vaporizador caliente el líquido dentro del cartucho. El líquido contiene nicotina, aromas y otros productos químicos, lo que luego se convierte en el vapor que se inhala.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas piensan que los cigarrillos electrónicos son más seguros que los cigarrillos comunes y que pueden ser utilizados para ayudar a la gente a dejar de fumar. Pero no se sabe mucho sobre los riesgos para la salud de su uso, o si ayudan para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;. Sin embargo, lo que sabemos acerca de algunos peligros de los cigarrillos electrónicos es que:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Contienen nicotina, que es adictiva&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Contienen otras sustancias químicas potencialmente dañinas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Existe una relación entre el uso del cigarrillo electrónico y el consumo de cigarrillos de tabaco en adolescentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El líquido en los cigarrillos electrónicos puede causar envenenamiento por nicotina si alguien lo bebe, huele o toca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html" id="6290" language="English">E-Cigarettes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<site title="Acerca de los cigarrillos electrónicos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/spanish/acerca-de-los-cigarrillos-electronicos.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cigarrillos electrónicos" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/cigarrillos-electronicos-e-cigs" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/vaping-devices-electronic-cigarettes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo almacenar correctamente los líquidos electrónicos y evitar la exposición accidental de los niños a los líquidos electrónicos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-almacenar-correctamente-los-liquidos-electronicos-y-evitar-la-exposicion-accidental-de-los" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-properly-store-e-liquids-and-prevent-accidental-exposure-e-liquids-children">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos breves sobre los riesgos de los cigarrillos electrónicos para los niños, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/spanish/los-riesgos-de-los-cigarrillos-electronicos-para-jovenes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pipas de agua y los cigarrillos electrónicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000761.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de vapear: Una mirada a la seguridad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-riesgos-de-vapear" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/risks-vaping">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vapear: Lo que necesita saber (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/e-cigarettes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/e-cigarettes.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vapeo: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/vapeo-lo-que-usted-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/vaping-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin, the skin that covers the tip of the penis. Read about the medical benefits and risks to circumcision." title="Circumcision" url="https://medlineplus.gov/circumcision.html" id="189" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is circumcision?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin from the penis. The foreskin is the loose skin that covers the tip of the penis. In the United States, circumcision is often done before a new baby leaves the hospital. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should I consider when deciding whether to have my baby circumcised?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As parents, it is your decision whether to have your baby circumcised. When making your decision, you should consider your own religious, cultural, and personal preferences, as well as the medical benefits and risks. You can discuss these with your baby's health care provider before you make a decision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the medical benefits of circumcision?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The possible medical benefits of circumcision include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lower risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; and some other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A slightly lower risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt; (UTIs) during the first year of life and penile cancer later in life. However, these conditions are rare in all males (circumcised or not).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevention of certain penile problems, such as foreskin infections and phimosis, a condition in which the foreskin can't be retracted (pulled back).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easier hygiene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of circumcision?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risks of circumcision include: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A low risk of bleeding, infection, or scarring.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A very low risk of having too much or not enough skin cut off.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain. You can ask the health care provider to put a numbing medicine on your baby's penis to lessen the pain.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These risks are higher when circumcision is performed on older babies, boys, and men.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What else do I need to know about circumcision?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;Premature babies&lt;/a&gt; and babies born with health problems should not be circumcised until they are healthy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If have your baby circumcised, ask their provider how to care for the penis as it heals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your baby does not get circumcised, their provider can teach you how to keep your baby's penis clean. It's important to know that a newborn's foreskin may not retract completely. Over time, it retracts on its own.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/circumcision.html" id="1823" language="Spanish">Circuncisión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002944">Circumcision, Male</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/circumcision.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/circumcision.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<site title="Care for an Uncircumcised Penis: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/pages/Care-for-an-Uncircumcised-Penis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/paginas/care-for-an-uncircumcised-penis.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circumcision" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/circumcision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/circumcision.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Circumcision" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002998.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circumcision (Male)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/circumcision/about/pac-20393550?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/circumcision/about/pac-20393550?adfree=true&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circumcision - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100081_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100081_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Circumcision" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=circumcision&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Penis care (uncircumcised)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001917.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circumcision" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Circumcision%2C+Male%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+male+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should the Baby Be Circumcised?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/decisions-to-make/Pages/Should-the-Baby-be-Circumcised.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/decisions-to-make/paginas/should-the-baby-be-circumcised.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La circuncisión es una cirugía para quitar el prepucio, la piel que cubre la punta del pene. A menudo se hace antes que el recién nacido salga del hospital." title="Circuncisión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/circumcision.html" id="1823" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la circuncisión?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La circuncisión es un procedimiento quirúrgico para eliminar el prepucio del pene. El prepucio es la piel elástica que cubre la cabeza del pene. En los Estados Unidos, la circuncisión suele realizarse antes de que el bebé salga del hospital. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo considerar al decidir si circuncidar a mi bebé?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Como padres, es su decisión circuncidar a su bebé. Al tomar una decisión, debe tomar en cuenta sus propias preferencias religiosas, culturales y personales, así como los beneficios y riesgos médicos. Puede conversar sobre ellos con el profesional de la salud de su bebé antes de tomar una decisión.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los beneficios médicos de la circuncisión?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los posibles beneficios médicos de la circuncisión incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un menor riesgo de contraer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; y algunas otras &lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un riesgo ligeramente menor de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt; durante el primer año de vida y de cáncer de pene más adelante en la vida. Sin embargo, estas afecciones son raras en todos los hombres (circuncidados o no)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevención de ciertos problemas del pene, como infecciones del prepucio y fimosis, una afección en la que el prepucio no se puede retraer (tirar para atrás)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Higiene más fácil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la circuncisión?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los riesgos de la circuncisión incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bajo riesgo de sangrado, infección o cicatrización&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un riesgo muy bajo de que le corten demasiada o poca piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor: Puede pedirle al profesional de la salud que le aplique un medicamento anestésico en el pene de su bebé para disminuir el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos riesgos son mayores cuando la circuncisión se realiza en bebés mayores, niños y hombres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué más debo saber sobre la circuncisión?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;bebés prematuros&lt;/a&gt; y aquellos que nacen con problemas de salud no deben ser circuncidados hasta que estén sanos.
Si circuncidan a su bebé, pregúntele a su profesional de la salud cómo cuidar el pene mientras sana.
Si su bebé no es circuncidado, su proveedor de atención médica puede enseñarle cómo mantener limpio el pene de su bebé. Es importante saber que es posible que el prepucio de un recién nacido no se retraiga por completo. Con el tiempo, se retrae por sí solo. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/circumcision.html" id="189" language="English">Circumcision</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<site title="Circuncisión" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/circuncision/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/pregnancy-newborns/caring-for-newborns/infant-care/circumcision.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circuncisión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002998.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circuncisión" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17056/la-circuncision/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circuncisión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100081_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100081_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circuncisión (masculina)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/circumcision/about/pac-20393550?adfree=true&amp;p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/circumcision/about/pac-20393550?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circuncisión (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/circumcision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/circumcision.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado del pene (incircunciso)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001917.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados para un pene no circuncidado: Qué deben saber los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/paginas/care-for-an-uncircumcised-penis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/pages/Care-for-an-Uncircumcised-Penis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="No tengo planes de circuncidar a mi bebé recién nacido. ¿Cómo debo cuidarle el pene no circuncidado?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/uncircumcised-penis/faq-20058327?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/uncircumcised-penis/faq-20058327?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se debe circuncidar al bebé?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/decisions-to-make/paginas/should-the-baby-be-circumcised.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/decisions-to-make/Pages/Should-the-Baby-be-Circumcised.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cirrhosis is caused when scar tissue replaces healthy tissue in the liver because of chronic injury. Learn how cirrhosis is diagnosed and treated." title="Cirrhosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html" id="190" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<also-called>Hepatic fibrosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue forms because of injury or long-term disease. Scar tissue cannot do what healthy liver tissue does - make protein, help fight infections, clean the blood, help digest food and store energy.   Cirrhosis can lead to  :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy bruising or bleeding, or nosebleeds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling of the abdomen or legs &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extra sensitivity to medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High blood pressure in the vein entering the liver&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enlarged veins called varices in the esophagus and stomach. Varices can bleed suddenly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Kidney failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jaundice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe itching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gallstones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A small number of people with cirrhosis get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;liver cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose cirrhosis with blood tests, imaging tests, or a biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cirrhosis has many causes. In the United States, the most common causes are chronic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcoholism&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;. Nothing will make the scar tissue disappear, but treating the cause can keep it from getting worse. If too much scar tissue forms, you may need to consider a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html"&gt;liver transplant&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html" id="1824" language="Spanish">Cirrosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008103">Liver Cirrhosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="259">Gallbladder Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html" id="309">Liver Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html" id="310">Liver Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" id="311">Liver Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Liver Cirrhosis</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal and Pelvic CT (Computed Tomography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal tap" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACE blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol and Cirrhosis" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/alcohol/patient/cirrhosis.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha fetoprotein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 antitrypsin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003715.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Liver Foundation" url="https://liverfoundation.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-smooth muscle antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003531.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antimitochondrial antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000286.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascites: A Common Problem in People with Cirrhosis" url="https://gi.org/topics/ascites/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding esophageal varices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000268.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirrhosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000255.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrhosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/cirrhosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/cirrosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirrhosis - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000290.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cirrhosis-and-portal-hypertension/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cirrosis-e-hipertension-portal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrhosis: A Patient's Guide" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/cirrhosis/patient/index.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/pdf/cirrhosis_handbook-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Liver Cirrhosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Liver+Cirrhosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryptogenic cirrhosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cryptogenic-cirrhosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating Tips for People with Cirrhosis" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/cirrhosis/patient/diet.asp">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elastography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/elastography/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastografia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Varices" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-varices/symptoms-causes/syc-20351538?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liver-disease.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003458.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatorenal syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000489.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucine aminopeptidase - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003617.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucine aminopeptidase blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003559.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Biopsy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liver biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Loss of brain function - liver disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000302.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesenteric angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk Thistle" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/milk-thistle">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and NASH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/esteatohepatitis-no-alcoholica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pleural fluid analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003624.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Portacaval shunting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007336.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Biliary Cholangitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-biliary-cholangitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-biliar-primaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary biliary cirrhosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000282.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein electrophoresis - serum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrhosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Liver+Cirrhosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Smooth Muscle Antibody (SMA) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/smooth-muscle-antibody-sma-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-el-musculo-liso/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Total iron binding capacity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tips" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tips">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007210.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Decompensated Cirrhosis?" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/cirrhosis/patient/decompensated.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cirrosis hepática es un conjunto de cicatrices en el hígado. Con el tiempo puede provocar graves problemas. Síntomas, tratamiento de la cirrosis. " title="Cirrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html" id="1824" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La cirrosis es un conjunto de cicatrices en el hígado. El tejido cicatricial  se forma por lesiones o enfermedades prolongadas. Este tejido no puede hacer lo que hace el tejido hepático sano: producir proteínas, ayudar a combatir las infecciones, limpiar la sangre, ayudar a digerir los alimentos y almacenar energía.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirrosis puede conducir a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Formación de moretones o hematomas, sangrado o sangrado de la nariz &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hinchazón del abdomen o las piernas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sensibilidad adicional a las medicinas  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Aumento de la presión en la vena que entra al hígado  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Venas dilatadas en el esófago y el estómago que pueden sangrar inesperadamente   &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insuficiencia renal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ictericia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Picazón fuerte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Piedras en la vesícula &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Unas pocas personas con cirrosis desarrollan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;cáncer de hígado&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirrosis puede tener muchas causas. En los Estados Unidos, las causas más comunes son el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcoholismo&lt;/a&gt; crónico y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;. Nada hará desaparecer el tejido escamoso, pero tratar la causa puede evitar que la enfermedad empeore. Si se forma demasiado tejido escamoso, quizá deba pensar en un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de hígado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html" id="190" language="English">Cirrhosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html" id="2008">Cáncer de hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="1915">Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009">Enfermedades del hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" id="2010">Trasplante de hígado</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cirrosis del hígado</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hígado, Cirrosis del</see-reference>
<site title="Alfa fetoproteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000290.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía mesentérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpo antimitocondrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos contra el músculo liso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003531.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003624.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000286.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capacidad total de fijación del hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000255.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/cirrosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/cirrhosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis biliar primaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000282.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis del hígado: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cirrhosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351487?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cirrhosis/home/ovc-20187218?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis e hipertensión portal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cirrosis-e-hipertension-portal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cirrhosis-and-portal-hypertension/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cirrhosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351492?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria (cirrosis biliar primaria)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-biliar-primaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-biliary-cholangitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Derivación portocava" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007336.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación portosistémica intrahepática transyugular (DPIT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007210.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desvío portosistémico intrahepático transyugular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tips" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tips">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elastografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/elastography/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000302.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica (EHGNA) y esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/esteatohepatitis-no-alcoholica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-del-higado-graso-no-alcoholico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hepática alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000281.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de leucina aminopeptidasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003559.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucina aminopeptidasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003617.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos contra el músculo liso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-el-musculo-liso/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/smooth-muscle-antibody-sma-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome hepatorrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000489.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Várices esofágicas sangrantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen muchas razones para someterse a una cirugía. Algunas pueden aliviar el dolor, otras pueden disminuir un síntoma. Complicaciones de cirugías.  " title="Cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html" id="2180" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Existen muchas razones para someterse a una cirugía. Algunas operaciones pueden aliviar o prevenir el dolor. Otras pueden disminuir un síntoma de alguna afección o mejorar alguna función del cuerpo. Algunas cirugías se hacen para detectar un problema. Por ejemplo, un cirujano puede hacerle una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;, que implica la extirpación de tejido para examinarlo bajo el microscopio. Algunas operaciones, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;cirugía de corazón&lt;/a&gt;, pueden salvarle la vida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas operaciones que antes necesitaban de grandes incisiones (cortes en el cuerpo) pueden hacerse con cortes mucho más pequeños. A esto se le llama cirugía laparoscópica. Los cirujanos insertan un tubo delgado con una cámara para ver, y utilizan pequeñas herramientas para realizar la operación.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede haber complicaciones &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aftersurgery.html"&gt;después de una cirugía&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo infecciones, sangrado excesivo, reacciones a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html"&gt;anestesia&lt;/a&gt; o lesiones accidentales. Casi siempre las cirugías implican algo de dolor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Para la Calidad e Investigación y Cuidado de la Salud &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html" id="426" language="English">Surgery</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html" id="1744">Anestesia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="2092">Cirugía plástica y cosmética</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html" id="4120">Cirugías de corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aftersurgery.html" id="5420">Después de una cirugía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html" id="2064">Trasplante de órganos</related-topic>
<site title="Applicación QuestionBuilder en español" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisturí de rayos gamma: Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/cirug%C3%ADa/cirug%C3%ADa" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/surgery/surgery">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la piel con láser" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002958.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía electiva (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/elective.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/elective.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía laparoscópica" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/cirugia-laparoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/laparoscopic-surgery-what-is-it">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía laparoscópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100166_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100166_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía robótica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007339.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo escoger el mejor hospital para su cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007497.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener una lectura precisa con oxímetros de pulso" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Donación de sangre antes de la cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Día de la cirugía en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Día de la cirugía para su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes y consultas antes de la cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000479.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prepararse para cirugía cuando tenga diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir infecciones en la cirugía de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/preventing-infections-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preventing-infections-surgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procurar estar saludable antes de la cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000433.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Segundas opiniones quirúrgicas" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tecnologías que mejoran la cirugía tumoral" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tecnologias-que-mejoran-la-cirugia-tumoral">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ventilador/Soporte ventilatorio: ¿Qué es?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cirugía láser del ojo (LASIK) puede ayudar a corregir varios problemas de la visión, como la miopía, hipermetropía y astigmastismo.  " title="Cirugía del ojo con rayos láser" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lasereyesurgery.html" id="1998" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Corrección de la visión con láser</also-called>
<also-called>LASIK</also-called>
<also-called>Queratomileusis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Para muchas personas la cirugía del ojo con rayos láser puede corregirles la vista para que no necesiten usar más anteojos o lentes de contacto. La cirugía del ojo con láser readapta el contorno de la córnea, que es la cubierta transparente del ojo. Eso modifica la capacidad de enfoque del ojo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen distintos tipos de cirugía del ojo con rayos láser.  LASIK - queratomileusis in situ asistida por rayos láser - es una de las más comunes. Muchos pacientes que se someten a LASIK terminan con una agudeza visual de 20/20. Pero, como todos los procedimientos médicos, tiene sus propios riesgos y beneficios. Sólo su oculista puede indicarle si es un buen candidato para la cirugía de los ojos con rayos láser.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lasereyesurgery.html" id="1404" language="English">Laser Eye Surgery</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html" id="2122">Errores de refracción</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía ocular LASIK" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000525.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía refractiva de la córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de ojos LASIK" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lasik-eye-surgery/about/pac-20384774?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lasik-eye-surgery/about/pac-20384774?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía ocular con Lasik" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100206_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100206_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía ocular LASIK" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/s0062-datos-basicos-de-la-cirugia-ocular-lasik" language-mapped-url="https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0062-basics-lasik-eye-surgery">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía ocular LASIK" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007018.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía refractiva de los ojos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LASIK: Cirugía ocular con láser" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/lasik-cirugia-ocular-con-laser" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/lasik">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos alternativos a una cirugía refractiva" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/alternativos-una-cirugia-refractiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/refractive-surgery-alternative-procedures">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿La cirugía ocular es adecuada para usted?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dar-forma-a-una-vision-mas-clara" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/shaping-clearer-vision">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La liposucción, abdominoplastía y rinoplastía son tipos de cirugía plástica. Entérese sobre las partes del cuerpo donde se practica más frecuentemente. " title="Cirugía plástica y cosmética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="2092" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cirugía estética</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los cirujanos pueden remodelar la apariencia de ciertas partes del cuerpo por medio de cirugía cosmética. Algunas de las partes del cuerpo que las personas desean mejorar más comúnmente utilizando cirugía incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Senos: aumentar o reducir el tamaño de los senos o remodelado de los senos caídos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orejas: reducir el tamaño de las orejas grandes o acercar a la cabeza las orejas muy sobresalientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ojos: corregir la caída del párpado superior o eliminar las bolsas debajo de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cara: eliminar las arrugas faciales, los pliegues o las cicatrices de acné&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pelo: rellenar áreas de calvicie con cabellos propios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nariz: cambiar la forma de la nariz&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdomen: reducir el tamaño del abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="38" language="English">Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html" id="3016">Botox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html" id="3196">Cicatriz</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html" id="3776">Envejecimiento de la piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastreconstruction.html" id="1789">Reconstrucción del seno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html" id="2217">Várices</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cirugía cosmética</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cirugía estética</see-reference>
<see-reference>Implantes de mama</see-reference>
<see-reference>Siliconas</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominoplastia" url="https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/abdominoplastía" language-mapped-url="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/tummy-tuck.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad  Estadounidense de Cirujanos  Plásticos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominoplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100184_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100184_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agrandamiento del mentón (genioplastia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100009_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100009_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía estética de las mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000273.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de senos" url="https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/aumento-de-senos" language-mapped-url="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/breast-augmentation.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad  Estadounidense de Cirujanos  Plásticos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento del mentón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002986.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento del tamaño de los senos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100205_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100205_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blefaroplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100183_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100183_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la pared abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002978.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002978.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de las orejas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100016_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100016_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de párpados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002977.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del párpado (blefaroplastia)" url="https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/cirug%c3%ada-del-p%c3%a1rpado">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad  Estadounidense de Cirujanos  Plásticos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía estética" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cosmetic-surgery/about/pac-20385138?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cosmetic-surgery/about/pac-20385138?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía estética de aumento de los senos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002984.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía estética de glúteos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/buttock-lift/about/pac-20393277?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/buttock-lift/about/pac-20393277?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía estética de oreja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002988.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002988.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía estética facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100186_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100186_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<site title="Levantamiento de mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007402.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Levantamiento de mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000017.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Liposucción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100185_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100185_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Liposucción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002985.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002985.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Operación de reducción de mama" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/breast-reduction-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/breast-reduction-surgery.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
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<site title="Otoplastia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/otoplasty/about/pac-20394822?p=1">
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<site title="Procedimientos oculoplásticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000781.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Productos para el agrandamiento del pene: ¿Funcionan?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/penis/art-20045363?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/penis/art-20045363?p=1">
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Reducción de mamas (mamoplastia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100189_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100189_1.htm">
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<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="¿Cómo puedo eliminar los pliegues de piel después de haber perdido peso?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/extra-skin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/extra-skin.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cirugía cardíaca busca corregir problemas en el corazón que otros tratamientos no pudieron solucionar o no se pudieron usar. Tipos de cirugías. " title="Cirugías de corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html" id="4120" language="Spanish" date-created="05/02/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la cirugía cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirugía cardíaca puede corregir ciertos problemas cardíacos cuando otros tratamientos no han funcionado o no se pueden usar.&lt;/p&gt;
En algunos casos, la cirugía cardíaca puede ser una emergencia médica. Por ejemplo, es posible que se deba realizar de inmediato una cirugía para un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; grave. En otros casos, puede planificar la cirugía cardíaca con anticipación. Algunas cirugías cardíacas son operaciones importantes, como la cirugía de derivación cardíaca para arterias bloqueadas en el corazón. Otras cirugías son procedimientos cardíacos menores, como la colocación de un marcapasos.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué afecciones trata la cirugía cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de cirugía cardíaca que pueden ayudar a tratar muchas afecciones cardíacas:&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Hay diferentes tipos de cirugía cardíaca que pueden ayudar a tratar muchas afecciones cardíacas:" width="95%" border="0"&gt; &lt;thead&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope="col"&gt;¿Qué afecciones trata la cirugía cardíaca?&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th scope="col"&gt;¿Qué hace la cirugía del corazón?&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/thead&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr class="r1"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando una sustancia pegajosa llamada placa estrecha o bloquea las arterias que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Crea un nuevo camino para que la sangre fluya alrededor de la parte bloqueada de una arteria en el corazón. Esto se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html"&gt;injerto de derivación de arteria coronaria&lt;/a&gt;, o derivación cardíaca. Es la cirugía cardíaca más común en adultos.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr class="r2"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Problemas con las válvulas que controlan el flujo de sangre a través del corazón.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Repara las válvulas del corazón.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Reemplaza las válvulas cardíacas con una válvula mecánica o una válvula biológica hecha de tejido cardíaco de cerdo, vaca o humano.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr class="r1"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Problemas con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón. Son causados por cambios en las señales eléctricas que controlan los latidos del corazón.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Coloca un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;marcapasos o un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable&lt;/a&gt; en el pecho para corregir los latidos del corazón.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Trata la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;fibrilación auricular&lt;/a&gt; con pequeños cortes en el músculo cardíaco. Los cortes forman cicatrices que abren un camino para las señales eléctricas del corazón (cirugía de laberinto).&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr class="r2"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando su corazón está demasiado débil o rígido para bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Coloca un dispositivo en el pecho que puede incluir:&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable para ayudar a prevenir un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;paro cardíaco repentino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Un marcapasos biventricular para coordinar la acción de bombeo del corazón para que sea más potente&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Un dispositivo de asistencia ventricular para ayudar al corazón a bombear sangre&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Un corazón artificial total para bombear sangre para el corazón&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Reemplaza un corazón gravemente enfermo por un corazón sano (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de corazón&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr class="r1"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;Aneurisma&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;cardíaco: Protuberancia similar a un globo en la pared de una arteria. Puede poner en peligro la vida si el aneurisma se desgarra o revienta.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Repara o reemplaza la parte débil de una arteria del corazón utilizando un parche o un tubo de tela.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr class="r2"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;Angina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Dolor en el pecho por enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Utiliza un láser para crear pequeños canales a través de una parte del músculo cardíaco (revascularización transmiocárdica con láser).&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr class="r1"&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estructuras cardíacas dañadas y anormales&lt;/strong&gt;, incluidos &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Problemas de la estructura cardíaca desde el nacimiento.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Repara daños en el corazón o problemas con la forma en que se forman el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Las reparaciones dependen del tipo de defecto o daño.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt; &lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué enfoques utilizan los cirujanos para realizar una cirugía cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El enfoque que utiliza un cirujano para realizar una cirugía cardíaca depende del problema cardíaco, la salud general y otros factores. Los enfoques de la cirugía cardíaca incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía a corazón abierto&lt;/strong&gt; (también llamada cirugía cardíaca tradicional): Ocurre cuando el cirujano abre el tórax para llegar al corazón. Debido a que es difícil operar con un corazón que late, se usan medicamentos para detener el corazón. Una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo mantiene la sangre rica en oxígeno bombeando a través del cuerpo durante la cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía cardíaca sin circulación extracorpórea&lt;/strong&gt;: Cirugía a corazón abierto en un corazón que late sin usar una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo. El cirujano mantiene constante al corazón con un dispositivo. Los cirujanos pueden usar la cirugía cardíaca sin circulación extracorpórea para realizar injertos de derivación de la arteria coronaria, pero solo en ciertos casos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía cardíaca mínimamente invasiva&lt;/strong&gt;: Utiliza pequeños cortes entre las costillas. Los cortes pueden ser tan pequeños como de 2 a 3 pulgadas. El cirujano inserta instrumentos en el tórax a través de los cortes. Este tipo de cirugía cardíaca puede o no usar una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo (extracorpórea)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía asistida por robot&lt;/strong&gt;: Tipo de cirugía mínimamente invasiva. El cirujano usa una computadora para controlar herramientas en los brazos de un robot. Esto permite que el cirujano sea muy preciso al realizar operaciones difíciles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la cirugía cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como toda cirugía, la cirugía cardíaca tiene riesgos, aunque los resultados suelen ser excelentes. Los riesgos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;Sangrado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Infección, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;hinchazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas por la anestesia (medicamento que lo hace dormir durante la cirugía)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Arritmia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño al corazón, los riñones, el hígado y los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los riesgos de la cirugía cardíaca tienden a ser mayores si:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La cirugía es una emergencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene otras afecciones médicas, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;
 

 
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de los riñones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de los pulmones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad arterial periférica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html" id="4119" language="English">Heart Surgery</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" id="3168">Angioplastía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233">Bypass de la arteria coronaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="1833">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html" id="1945">Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3448">Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html" id="1944">Trasplante de corazón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corazón, Cirugías</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cardiocirugía pediátrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000015.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de válvulas cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000291.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cierre o exploración del esternón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007626.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía a corazón abierto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002950.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002950.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía abierta de válvula aórtica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007408.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía abierta de válvula mitral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007412.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de Cox" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cirugia-de-cox/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/maze-surgery/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de válvula mitral mínimamente invasiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007411.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de válvulas cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002954.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de la cirugía de corazón" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/pre-y-post-cuidado-operativo/despu%C3%A9s-de-la-cirug%C3%ADa-de-coraz%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre cirugía cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/informacion-general-sobre-cirugia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Proced/index.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos de ablación cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007368.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación o sustitución valvular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-o-sustitucion-valvular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/valve-repair-or-replacement/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Revascularización transmiocárdica con láser (RTML)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/revascularizacion-transmiocardica-con-laser-rtml/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/transmyocardial-laser-revascularization/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Dressler" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué necesito una cirugía de válvulas cardíacas?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-heart-valve-surgery-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-heart-valve-surgery.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la cirugía cardíaca?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cirugia-cardiaca" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-surgery">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cardiocirujano pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-heart-surgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Heart-Surgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cirujano especializado en cirugía cardiotorácica o torácica?" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/%C2%BFqu%C3%A9-es-un-cirujano-especializado-en-cirug%C3%ADa-cardiotor%C3%A1cica-o-tor%C3%A1cica" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/what-is-a-cardiothoracic-surgeon">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un corazón artificial total?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon-artificial-total" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/total-artificial-heart">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cirugía para adelgazar ayuda a personas obesas para bajar de peso. Entérese sobre los diferentes tipos de cirugía para bajar de peso. " title="Cirugías para la obesidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html" id="3303" language="Spanish" date-created="12/15/2006">
<also-called>Bypass gástrico</also-called>
<also-called>Cirugía bariátrica</also-called>
<also-called>Cirugía para adelgazar</also-called>
<also-called>Cirugía para bajar de peso</also-called>
<also-called>Derivación gástrica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La cirugía para adelgazar ayuda a las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; extrema para bajar de peso. Puede ser una opción si usted no puede perder peso a través de la dieta y el ejercicio o tiene graves problemas de salud causados por la obesidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de cirugía de pérdida de peso. Ellas suelen limitar la cantidad de alimentos que usted puede ingerir. Algunos tipos de cirugía también afectan cómo se digieren los alimentos y se absorben nutrientes. Todos los tipos tienen riesgos y complicaciones, tales como infecciones, hernias y coágulos de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas que se someten a la cirugía pierden peso rápidamente, pero  recuperan algo del peso más adelante. Si usted sigue las recomendaciones de dieta y ejercicio, puede mantener la mayor parte de la pérdida del peso. Usted también necesitará un seguimiento médico durante el resto de su vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html" id="3302" language="English">Weight Loss Surgery</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059">Obesidad</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bajar peso, Cirugía</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cerclaje gástrico laparoscópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000180.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de derivación gástrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000172.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antes de la cirugía para bajar de peso: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000259.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcule su índice de masa corporal" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerclaje gástrico laparoscópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007388.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de baipás gástrico: ¿A quienes está destinada?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/gastric-bypass-surgery/art-20046318?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/gastric-bypass-surgery/art-20046318?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de derivación gástrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007199.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la pared abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002978.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002978.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de manga gástrica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gastric-sleeve.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/gastric-sleeve.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía laparoscópica para la obesidad severa" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/informacion-para-el-paciente-cirugia-laparoscopica-para-obesidad-severa/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para bajar de peso: ¿Es una opción para los adolescentes?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/paginas/weight-loss-surgery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Pages/Weight-Loss-Surgery.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de la cirugía para bajar de peso: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000258.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta después de cerclaje gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000334.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta después de una cirugía de derivación gástrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000173.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000173.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para bypass gástrico: Qué comer después de la cirugía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/gastric-bypass-surgery/in-depth/gastric-bypass-diet/art-20048472?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-bypass-surgery/in-depth/gastric-bypass-diet/art-20048472?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para los cálculos biliares" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares/dieta" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomía vertical en manga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007435.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber sobre los dispositivos médicos para adelgazar y para controlar el peso" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-debe-saber-sobre-los-dispositivos-medicos-para-la-perdida-y-el-control-del-peso">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peso y obesidad" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-weight/weight-and-obesity">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de evacuación gástrica rápida" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cistitis intersticial es una condición que causa molestias o dolor en la vejiga y una necesidad de orinar frecuente y urgente. Síntomas, tratamiento." title="Cistitis intersticial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1982" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La cistitis intersticial es una afección que causa molestias o dolor en la vejiga y una necesidad de orinar frecuente y urgentemente. Es mucho más común entre las mujeres que en los hombres. Los síntomas varían de persona a persona. Algunas pueden sentir dolor sin ganas de orinar frecuente y urgentemente. Otros tienen la urgencia sin dolor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las mujeres suelen empeorar durante la menstruación. También pueden presentar dolor durante las relaciones sexuales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa de la cistitis intersticial. No hay un examen que indique si la tiene. Los médicos suelen realizar pruebas para descartar otras posibles causas de los síntomas. No hay una cura pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a la mayoría de las personas a sentirse mejor. Incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distensión de la vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lavados en el interior de la vejiga con soluciones medicinales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estimulación eléctrica de los nervios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fisioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía (en pocos casos) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1274" language="English">Interstitial Cystitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777">Enfermedades de la vejiga</related-topic>
<site title="Alimentación, dieta y nutrición para la cistitis intersticial" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/alimentacion-dieta-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/eating-diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis crónica: ¿Hay una cura?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cystitis/expert-answers/bladder-infection/faq-20057833?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/expert-answers/bladder-infection/FAQ-20057833?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis intersticial" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cistitis-intersticial-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/interstitial-cystitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis intersticial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000477.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis intersticial (síndrome de vejiga dolorosa)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis intersticial: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/interstitial-cystitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354362?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis intersticial: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/interstitial-cystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354357?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-cystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354357?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definición y hechos de la cistitis intersticial" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/definicion-y-hechos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/definition-facts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico de la cistitis intersticial" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades urológicas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Micción dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas de la cistitis intersticial" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la cistitis intersticial" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vejiga dolorosa" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bladder-pain" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bladder-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El citomegalovirus es un virus relacionado a los gérmenes que causan la varicela y la mononucleosis infecciosa. ¿Cómo evitar el contagio?" title="Citomegalovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cytomegalovirusinfections.html" id="3981" language="Spanish" date-created="06/27/2005">
<also-called>CMV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El citomegalovirus (CMV) es un virus que se encuentra en todo el mundo. Se relaciona con los virus que causan la varicela y la mononucleosis infecciosa. Entre el 50 y 80% de los adultos de los Estados Unidos tuvo una infección por CMV antes de los 40 años de edad. Una vez que el CMV penetra en el cuerpo de la persona, permanece ahí para siempre.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El CMV puede transmitirse por contacto directo con líquidos corporales. La mayoría de las personas con CMV no se enferma y tampoco saben que están infectadas. Pero la infección con el virus puede ser seria en los bebés y las personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Si una mujer adquiere el CMV en el embarazo, puede transmitírselo al bebé. Por lo general, estos bebés no tienen problemas de salud. Pero algunos pueden desarrollar discapacidades para toda la vida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un examen de sangre puede determinar si una persona ha sido infectada con el virus. La mayoría de las personas con CMV no necesita tratamiento. Si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado, el médico puede recetarle una medicina antiviral. Las buenas prácticas de higiene, incluyendo lavarse las manos correctamente, pueden evitar infecciones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cytomegalovirusinfections.html" id="3980" language="English">Cytomegalovirus Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca del citomegalovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/es/about/acerca-del-citomegalovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/congenital-infection.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citomegalovirus" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/citomegalovirus-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cytomegalovirus/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citomegalovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cytomegalovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cytomegalovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citomegalovirus (CMV) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/citomegalovirus-cmv/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citomegalovirus congénito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001343.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para CMV (citomegalovirus)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003546.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis / Colitis por CMV" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000667.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoja informativa sobre el citomegalovirus  para mujeres embarazadas y padres" url="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/82561/cdc_82561_DS1.pdf?">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección aguda por citomegalovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000568.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000568.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección de citomegalovirus durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/infeccion-de-citomegalovirus-en-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía por citomegalovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000664.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de citomegalovirus (CMV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-citomegalovirus-cmv/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cytomegalovirus-cmv-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis por citomegalovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000665.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ciática es un síntoma de un problema del nervio ciático. Existen varias causas de la ciática. Entérese sobre diagnóstico, tratamiento. " title="Ciática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sciatica.html" id="2137" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La ciática es un síntoma de algún problema del nervio ciático, el nervio más largo del cuerpo. Este nervio controla los músculos de la parte posterior de la rodilla y de la parte inferior de la pierna y brinda las sensaciones en la parte posterior del muslo, parte de la pierna y la planta del pie. Cuando se tiene ciática, se siente dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento u hormigueo. Puede empezar en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;parte baja de la espalda &lt;/a&gt;y extenderse hacia las piernas, las pantorrillas, los pies e inclusive los dedos de los pies. Suele afectar un sólo lado del cuerpo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La ciática puede deberse a:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html"&gt;Ruptura de discos intervertebrales&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estrechamiento del canal medular que ejerce presión sobre el nervio, llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html"&gt;estenosis medular&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesión como una fractura pélvica  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En muchos casos, no se encuentra una causa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas veces, la ciática desaparece espontáneamente. Cuando es necesario, el tratamiento dependerá de la causa del problema. Puede incluir ejercicios, medicinas y cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sciatica.html" id="1532" language="English">Sciatica</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766">Dolor de espalda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="2084">Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html" id="2153">Hernia de disco</related-topic>
<site title="Ciática" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sciatica/symptoms-causes/syc-20377435?_ga=2.78409619.600976425.1500410955-254664486.1487275149&amp;p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sciatica/symptoms-causes/syc-20377435?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000686.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000686.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciática: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sciatica/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377441?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones epidurales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones vertebrales" url="https://www.spine.org/Portals/0/assets/downloads/KnowYourBack/InjectionsSpanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de Tarlov" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12006/quiste-de-tarlov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética y el lumbago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007493.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del piriforme" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-del-piriforme-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/piriformis-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome piriforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000776.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="To avoid becoming infected by germs from surfaces and objects, it is important to wash your hands often. It’s also important to regularly clean and disinfect surfaces and objects. Learn the difference between cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing." title="Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7607" language="English" date-created="09/22/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;Where are germs found?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Germs are a part of everyday life. Some of them are helpful, but others are harmful and cause disease. They can be found everywhere - in our air, soil, and water. They are on our skin and in our bodies. Germs are also on the surfaces and objects that we touch.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes those germs can spread to you and make you sick. For example, there could be germs on a tv remote. You could get infected with the germs if you touch the remote and then rub your eyes or nose or eat with your hands.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I avoid getting germs from surfaces and objects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To avoid becoming infected by germs from surfaces and objects, it is important to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;wash your hands often&lt;/a&gt;. But you can't wash your hands every time you touch something. So it's also important to regularly clean and disinfect surfaces and objects.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is the difference between cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people think that disinfecting is same thing as cleaning or sanitizing. But they are actually different:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cleaning&lt;/strong&gt; removes dirt, dust, crumbs, and germs from surfaces or objects. When you clean, you will likely use soap (or detergent) and water to physically clean off the surfaces and objects. This may not necessarily kill the germs. But since you removed some of them, there are fewer germs that could spread infection to you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disinfecting&lt;/strong&gt; uses chemicals (disinfectants) to kill germs on surfaces and objects. Some common disinfectants are bleach and alcohol solutions. You usually need to leave the disinfectant on the surfaces and objects for a certain period of time to kill the germs. Disinfecting does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove germs. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sanitizing&lt;/strong&gt; could be done by either cleaning, disinfecting, or both. Sanitizing means that you are lowering the number of germs to a safe level. What is considered a safe level depends on public health standards or requirements at a workplace, school, etc. For example, there are sanitizing procedures for restaurants and other facilities that prepare food. What you do to sanitize will vary, depending on your needs. You might be mopping a floor using a mop, a chemical, and water. You might use a dishwasher to sanitize the dishes. Or you could be using an antibacterial wipe on a tv remote.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you both clean and disinfect a surface or object, you can further lower the risk of spreading infection. There are products that clean and disinfect at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which surfaces and objects do I need to clean and disinfect?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To prevent the spread of infection, you should regularly clean and disinfect surfaces and objects that are touched often. For example, in your house, this would include countertops, doorknobs, faucet and toilet handles, light switches, remotes, and toys.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I safely clean and disinfect?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's important to be safe when using cleaning and disinfecting products:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Store them in the containers they came in. Always follow the instructions and pay attention to the warnings on the label. 
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Do not mix cleaners and disinfectants unless the labels say that it is safe to do so. Combining certain products (such as chlorine bleach and ammonia cleaners) can cause serious injury or even death.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check the label to see whether you need to use gloves to protect your hands and/or eye protection when using the products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html"&gt;If you swallow, inhale, or get them on your skin&lt;/a&gt;, follow the directions on the label or get medical help&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Store them out of the reach of children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7608" language="Spanish">Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004203">Disinfection</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html" id="4182">Germs and Hygiene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html" id="1463">Household Products</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040">Infection Control</related-topic>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleaners, Sanitizers, and Disinfectants" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/prevention/Pages/Cleaners-Sanitizers-Disinfectants.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleaning supplies and equipment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleaning to prevent the spread of germs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Ventilation" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/clean-disinfect/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/clean-disinfect/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Clean and Disinfect Your Home if Someone Has COVID-19" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHCrYOGkLMM&amp;feature=youtu.be">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Disinfect to Kill Germs" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/patients-visitors/patient-info/updates-recalls/coronavirus-information-resources/prevention-tips/prevention-tips/how-to-disinfect-to-kill-germs?modal=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Safely Clean and Sanitize with Bleach" url="https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/safety/how-to-safely-clean-and-sanitize-with-bleach.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/emergency/es/cleaning-sanitizing/household-cleaning-sanitizing.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Sanitize Your Phone and Other Devices" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/how-sanitize-your-phone-and-other-devices" language-mapped-url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/como-desinfectar-su-telefono-y-otros-dispositivos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's the Difference Between Products that Disinfect, Sanitize, and Clean Surfaces?" url="https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus/whats-difference-between-products-disinfect-sanitize-and-clean-surfaces">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="When and How to Clean and Disinfect Your Home" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/about/when-and-how-to-clean-and-disinfect-your-home.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/es/cleaning/cleaning-your-home.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="During early pregnancy stages your child may develop cleft lip or cleft palate. Find out when you should have surgery to fix the cleft lip and palate." title="Cleft Lip and Palate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="191" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cleft lip and cleft palate are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt; that occur when a baby's lip or mouth do not form properly.  They happen early during pregnancy. A baby can have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A cleft lip happens if the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. This causes an opening in the upper lip. The opening can be a small slit or a large opening that goes through the lip into the nose. It can be on one or both sides of the lip or, rarely, in the middle of the lip.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children with a cleft lip also can have a cleft palate. The roof of the mouth is called the "palate." With a cleft palate, the tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not join correctly.  Babies may have both the front and back parts of the palate open, or they may have only one part open.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children with a cleft lip or a cleft palate often have problems with feeding and talking. They also might have ear infections, hearing loss, and problems with their teeth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, surgery can close the lip and palate. Cleft lip surgery is usually done before age 12 months, and cleft palate surgery is done before 18 months. Many children have other complications. They may need additional surgeries, dental and orthodontic care, and speech therapy as they get older. With treatment, most children with clefts do well and lead a healthy life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="1825" language="Spanish">Labio leporino y paladar hendido</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002971">Cleft Lip</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002972">Cleft Palate</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Cleft Palate</see-reference>
<site title="22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/22q11-deletion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/22q11-deletion.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="22q11.2 deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/22q112-deletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aarskog syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001654.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ankyloblepharon-ectodermal-defects-cleft-lip-palate-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Lip" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cleft-lip.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cleft-lip.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft lip and palate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft lip and palate repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002979.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002979.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft lip and palate repair - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000004.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery" url="https://myoms.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ebook_Cleft_Lip_Palate_Surgery_6-8-15.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cleft lip repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100010_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100010_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/cleft-lip-cleft-palate.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate: Feeding Your Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/clefts-feeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/clefts-feeding.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Palate" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cleft-palate.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cleft-palate.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Palate With Cleft Lip" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cleft-palate-cleft-lip.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cleft-palate-cleft-lip.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cleft Lip" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cleft+Lip%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cleft Palate" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cleft+Palate%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Focal dermal hypoplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/focal-dermal-hypoplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to Cleft and Craniofacial Conditions" url="https://acpacares.org/resource/introduction-to-cleft-craniofacial-conditions/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Cleft Palate Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn About Common Birth Defects" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm5frkgWEWQ">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Velocardiofacial Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Velocardiofacial-Syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opitz G/BBB syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/opitz-g-bbb-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orofacial Clefts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/orofacial-clefts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/orofacial-clefts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peters plus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/peters-plus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Popliteal pterygium syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/popliteal-pterygium-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cleft Lip and Palate" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cleft+Lip%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Cleft+Palate%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RAPADILINO syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rapadilino-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Roberts syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/roberts-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Van der Woude syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/van-der-woude-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Climate change is more than global warming.  It's major change in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns. Read how it can affect your health." title="Climate Change" url="https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html" id="5144" language="English" date-created="04/27/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Climate is the average weather in a place over a period of time.  Climate change is major change in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for many years.  It can be caused by natural factors or by human activities.  Today climate changes are occurring at an increasingly rapid rate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Climate change can affect our health.  It can lead to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html"&gt;heat-related illness&lt;/a&gt; and deaths&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More pollen, mold, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;air pollution&lt;/a&gt;.  This can cause an increase in allergies, asthma, and breathing problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mosquitoes and other insects that carry diseases spreading to areas that used to be too cold for them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html"&gt;floods&lt;/a&gt; and rising sea levels.  This can cause an increase in contamination of food and water.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More extreme weather events, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html"&gt;hurricanes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html"&gt;wildfires&lt;/a&gt;.  These can cause death, injuries, stress, and mental health problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Researchers are studying the best ways to lessen climate change and reduce its impact on our health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/climatechange.html" id="5145" language="Spanish">Cambio climático</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D057231">Climate Change</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/climatechange.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Global Warming</see-reference>
<site title="Climate Change and Health" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Climate Change Indicators: Health and Society" url="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/health-society">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Climate Change: Annual Greenhouse Gas Index" url="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-annual-greenhouse-gas-index">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Climate Effects on Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/effects/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Climate Kids" url="https://climatekids.nasa.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Climate Literacy" url="https://downloads.globalchange.gov/Literacy/Climate%20Literacy%20Booklet%20Low-Res.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Global Change Research Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Climate Solutions" url="https://www.usda.gov/climate-solutions">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Climate Change" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Climate+Change%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts on Climate Change and Health" url="https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/climate-change/fast-facts-on-climate-and-health.pdf?sfvrsn=157ecd81_5" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/climate_change/facts/es/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Greenhouse Gases" url="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/energy-and-the-environment/greenhouse-gases.php">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Energy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hotter Days Put Human Health at Risk" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hotter-days-put-human-health-at-risk" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-dias-mas-calurosos-ponen-en-riesgo-la-salud-humana">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Health" url="https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights/report-findings/human-health">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Global Change Research Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Climate Change" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Climate+Change%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Transportation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change" url="https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you ever wonder how doctors find out if a treatment is effective? Clinical trials test how well new medical approaches work in people. Read more." title="Clinical Trials" url="https://medlineplus.gov/clinicaltrials.html" id="192" language="English" date-created="02/29/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Clinical trials are research studies that test how well new medical approaches work in people. Each study 
answers scientific questions and tries to find better ways to prevent, screen for, diagnose, or treat a 
disease. Clinical trials may also compare a new treatment to a treatment that is already available.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every clinical trial has a protocol, or action plan, for conducting the trial. The plan describes what 
will be done in the study, how it will be conducted, and why each part of the study is necessary. Each study 
has its own rules about who can take part. Some studies need volunteers with a certain disease. Some need 
healthy people. Others want just men or just women.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews, monitors, and approves many clinical trials. It is an independent committee of physicians, statisticians, and members of the community. Its role is to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that the study is ethical&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Protect the rights and welfare of the participants&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that the risks are reasonable when compared to the potential benefits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the United States, a clinical trial must have an IRB if it is studying a drug, biological product, or medical device that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates, or it is funded or carried out by the federal government.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clinicaltrials.html" id="1826" language="Spanish">Estudios clínicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002986">Clinical Trials as Topic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clinicaltrials.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/clinicaltrials.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3894">Understanding Medical Research</related-topic>
<site title="A guide to clinical trials for cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000823.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Cancer Clinical Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/about-cancer-clinical-research" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/que-son-los-estudios-de-investigacion-del-cancer">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are Clinical Studies for You?" url="https://www.cc.nih.gov/participate/studies">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are Clinical Trials Safe?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/safety#informed-consent" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/estudios-clinicos/son-seguros-los-estudios-clinicos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Clinical Trials at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-center" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/centro-clinico">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children's Assent to Clinical Trial Participation" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/safety#childrens-assent">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Research FAQ" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Clinical-Research">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trial Basics" url="https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/basics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trial Diversity" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/clinical-trial-diversity" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/diversidad-en-los-estudios-clinicos-hoja-informativa">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trials -- Information for Participants" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials/estudios-clinicos-informacion-para-los-participantes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trials: Benefits, Risks, and Safety" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/clinical-trials-and-studies/clinical-research-benefits-risks-and-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov Background Information" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/background">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov Glossary Terms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-studies/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Search Clinical Trials" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/screen/SimpleSearch">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diverse Women in Clinical Trials" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-research/diverse-women-clinical-trials" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/las-mujeres-en-los-estudios-clinicos-women-clinical-trials">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Clinical Trials Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/research/clinical-trials/how-studies-work">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Is a Clinical Trial Right for You?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/is-a-clinical-trial-right-for-you" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/es-un-estudio-clinico-lo-indicado-para-usted">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health" url="https://www.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Participating in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Research" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/clinical-trials-and-studies/participating-alzheimers-disease-and-related-dementias-research">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trials" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Clinical+Trials+as+Topic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should I Participate in a Clinical Trial? What's in It for Me?" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/should-i-participate-in-a-clinical-trial.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/should-i-participate-in-a-clinical-trial-spanish.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Should Your Child Participate in a Clinical Trial?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-your-child-participate-clinical-trial" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/deberia-su-hijo-participar-en-un-ensayo-clinico">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volunteer Stories" url="https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/personal-stories">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Clinical Trial?" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-a-clinical-trial.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-a-clinical-trial-spanish.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Who Pays for Clinical Trials?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/paying" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/estudios-clinicos/quien-paga-por-los-estudios-clinicos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Will I Always Get the Experimental Treatment in a Clinical Trial?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/clinical-trials-and-studies/clinical-research-benefits-risks-and-safety#treatment">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La clonación es el proceso para crear una réplica genética exacta de otra célula, tejido u organismo. Entérese sobre tipos de clonación." title="Clonación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cloning.html" id="1827" language="Spanish" date-created="02/13/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La clonación describe los procesos utilizados para crear una réplica genética exacta de otra célula, tejido u organismo. El material copiado, que tiene la misma constitución genética que el original, se denomina clon.  El clon más famoso fue una oveja escocesa llamada Dolly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos distintos de clonación:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La clonación genética, que crea copias de genes o segmentos de ADN&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Clonación reproductiva, que crea copias de animales completos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Clonación terapéutica, que crea células madre embrionarias.  Los investigadores esperan poder utilizar estas células para hacer crecer tejido sano que sustituya los tejidos lesionados o enfermos en el cuerpo humano.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cloning.html" id="1606" language="English">Cloning</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHGRI">Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</primary-institute>
<site title="Clonación" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Clonaci%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Cloning-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ingeniería de tejidos y medicina regenerativa" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/ingenier%C3%ADa-de-tejidos-y-medicina-regenerativa-0">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cloning is the process of creating an exact genetic replica of a cell, tissue or organism. Learn about the types and uses in medicine." title="Cloning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cloning.html" id="1606" language="English" date-created="03/28/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genesandgenetherapy.html"&gt;genetic&lt;/a&gt; replica of another cell, tissue or organism. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone.  The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three different types of cloning:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gene cloning, which creates copies of genes or segments of DNA&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reproductive cloning, which creates copies of whole animals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Therapeutic cloning, which creates embryonic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cells&lt;/a&gt;.  Researchers hope to use these cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Human Genome Research Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cloning.html" id="1827" language="Spanish">Clonación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019976">Cloning, Organism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cloning.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.genome.gov/">National Human Genome Research Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="Cloning" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Cloning-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Clonaci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cloning" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cloning%2C+Organism%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Statement on Human Cloning" url="https://www.aaas.org/resources/american-association-advancement-science-statement-human-cloning">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Association for the Advancement of Science</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Cloning?" url="https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whatiscloning/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic Science Learning Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Clone?" url="https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whyclone/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic Science Learning Center</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Club drugs are group of psychoactive drugs popular at bars, night clubs, and raves. They include MDMA (Ecstasy), GHB, and others. Learn more." title="Club Drugs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html" id="1490" language="English" date-created="05/17/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are club drugs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Club drugs are group of psychoactive drugs. They act on the central nervous system and can cause changes in mood, awareness, and behavior. These drugs are most often used by young adults at bars, concerts, nightclubs, and parties. Club drugs, like most drugs, have nicknames that change over time or are different in different areas of the country.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of club drugs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most commonly used types of club drugs include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also called Ecstasy and Molly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;GHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate), also known as G and Liquid Ecstasy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ketamine, also known as Special K and K&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rohypnol, also known as Roofies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html"&gt;Methamphetamine&lt;/a&gt;, also known as Speed, Ice, and, Meth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), also known as Acid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of these drugs are approved for certain medical uses. Other uses of these drugs are misuse.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are date rape drugs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Date rape drugs are any type of drug or alcohol used to make &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html"&gt;sexual assault&lt;/a&gt; easier. Someone could put one in your drink when you are not looking. Or you may be drinking alcohol or taking a drug, and a person may make it stronger without you knowing.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Club drugs are also sometimes used as "date rape" drugs. These drugs are very powerful. They can affect you very quickly, and you might not know that something is wrong. The length of time that the effects last varies. It depends on how much of the drug is in your body and if the drug is mixed with other drugs or alcohol. Alcohol can make the effects of drugs even stronger and can cause serious health problems - even death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Are there steps I can take to protect myself from date rape drugs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To try to avoid date rape drugs,:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Never leave your drink unattended&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't accept drinks from other people&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If drinking from a can or bottle, open your drink yourself&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Look out for your friends, and ask them to look out for you&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html" id="1828" language="Spanish">Drogas de club</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005445">Flunitrazepam</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018817">N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012978">Sodium Oxybate</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html" id="30">Drug Use and Addiction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html" id="134">Methamphetamine</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amphetamines</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ecstasy</see-reference>
<see-reference>GHB</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hallucinogens</see-reference>
<see-reference>MDMA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rohypnol</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hallucinogens" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hallucinogens%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Club Drug Use" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/club-drug-use/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/drogas-de-club-mitos-y-realidades-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Commonly Used Drugs Charts" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/sustancias-de-abuso-habitual">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Date Rape Drugs" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="GHB - Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs/ghb-gamma-hydroxybutyric-acid">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ketamine" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs/ketamine" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/drogas/ketamina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/mdma-ecstasy-molly" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-mdma-extasis-o-molly">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psilocybin-magic-mushrooms" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-psilocibina-setas-u-hongos-magicos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/drogas-psicodelicas-disociativas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs as Medicines" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-uso-de-las-drogas-psicodelicas-y-disociativas-como-medicamentos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Club Drugs" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flunitrazepam%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22N-Methyl-3%2C4-methylenedioxyamphetamine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Sodium+Oxybate%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- amphetamines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- LSD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000795.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- phencyclidine (PCP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000797.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000797.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Ketamine?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-ketamine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-ketamine.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is LSD?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-lsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-lsd.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is PCP?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-pcp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-pcp.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Rohypnol?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-rohypnol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-rohypnol.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cocaine, also called crack cocaine, is a highly addictive stimulant. It can be snorted, injected, or smoked. Learn about health effects and treatment." title="Cocaine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html" id="193" language="English" date-created="09/23/1999">
<also-called>Blow</also-called>
<also-called>Coca</also-called>
<also-called>Coke</also-called>
<also-called>Crack</also-called>
<also-called>Flake</also-called>
<also-called>Snow</also-called>
<also-called>Soda Cot</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cocaine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cocaine is a very addictive drug that is made from leaves of the coca plant found in South America. It is mostly available as an illegal drug that some people use to get high. In rare cases, it is also used as a prescription drug for for anesthesia during certain surgeries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As a street (illegal) drug, cocaine is usually a fine, white, crystal powder. Street dealers sometimes mix it with cornstarch, talcum powder, or flour to make it look like they have more cocaine. That way they can make more money. They may also mix it with other illegal drugs. Another form of the drug is crack cocaine. Crack cocaine has been heated to make it into a rock crystal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do people use cocaine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People snort cocaine powder through the nose or rub it into their gums. Others dissolve the powder and inject it into the bloodstream. Some people inject a combination of cocaine and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html"&gt;heroin&lt;/a&gt;, called a "speedball." Crack cocaine is smoked.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the short-term effects of cocaine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cocaine is a stimulant that can make people feel like they have more energy and are extra alert. But it can also make people feel restless, irritable, anxious, and paranoid. Large amounts of cocaine can lead to bizarre, unpredictable, and violent behavior.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cocaine's effects appear almost immediately and disappear within a few minutes to an hour. How long the effects last and how intense they are will depend on how the person used it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, cocaine can cause very serious health problems such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the long-term effects of cocaine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People who use cocaine over the long term may develop health problems. Which problems they have will depend on how they used the cocaine:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Snorting it can lead to a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;loss of sense of smell&lt;/a&gt;, nosebleeds, nasal damage, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking it can cause a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;, and a higher risk of infections like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injecting it with a needle can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html"&gt;skin&lt;/a&gt; or soft tissue infections, as well as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html"&gt;scarring&lt;/a&gt;. It can cause collapsed veins. When a vein collapses, the blood cannot flow through it. Injecting cocaine also puts a person at higher risk of getting diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other long-term effects of cocaine use may include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html"&gt;malnutrition&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement disorders&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Repeated use of cocaine can lead to tolerance. This means users need more and more of the drug to have the same effect. At higher doses over time, the body becomes dependent on cocaine. If someone who is dependent on cocaine stops using it, they will have withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Restlessness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bad dreams and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;insomnia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slowed thinking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Repeated use of cocaine can also lead to cocaine use disorder, also called addiction. This is more than physical dependence. It's a chronic (long-lasting) brain disorder. When someone has it, they continue to use cocaine even though it causes problems in their life. Some examples include health problems and not being able to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home. Getting and using cocaine becomes their main purpose in life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can a person overdose on cocaine?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's possible to overdose on cocaine. This happens when a person uses so much cocaine that it causes a life-threatening reaction or death. Some people use cocaine along with other drugs or alcohol. This can increase the risk of an overdose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A cocaine overdose can cause health problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;Seizures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;irregular heartbeat&lt;/a&gt; (arrhythmia)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart attack&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no specific medicine to treat an overdose. Health care providers will focus on treating the specific health problems caused by the overdose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for cocaine use disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for cocaine use disorder are different types of behavioral therapies. There are no medicines which can treat it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html" id="1829" language="Spanish">Cocaína</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019970">Cocaine-Related Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000074101">Cocaine Smoking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html" id="30">Drug Use and Addiction</related-topic>
<see-reference>Crack</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cocaine-Related Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cocaine-Related+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Crack Cocaine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Crack+Cocaine%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine" url="https://www.dea.gov/galleries/drug-images/cocaine">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/cocaine">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine and Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/cocaine-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cocaine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-cocaina/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine intoxication" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000946.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine withdrawal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000947.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Use Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mind Matters: The Body's Response to Cocaine" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/cocaine" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/cocaina">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cocaine+Smoking%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Cocaine-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- cocaine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000793.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000793.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Cocaine and Crack?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-cocaine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-cocaine.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Substance Abuse Treatment? A Booklet for Families" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4126.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma08-4098.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La cocaína es una droga altamente estimulante. Su consumo puede causar sensaciones extremas y problemas serios de salud, como ataque cardiaco y cerebral. " title="Cocaína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html" id="1829" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Coca</also-called>
<also-called>Dama blanca</also-called>
<also-called>Nieve</also-called>
<also-called>Talco</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la cocaína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cocaína es una droga muy adictiva que se elabora a partir de las hojas de coca, una planta que crece en América del Sur. Algunas personas usan esta sustancia ilegal para drogarse. En casos raros, también se utiliza como medicamento recetado para anestesia durante ciertas cirugías.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como droga ilegal, la cocaína suele ser un polvo cristalino fino y blanco. A veces, los traficantes la mezclan con maicena, talco o harina para que parezca que tienen más cocaína. De esa manera pueden ganar más dinero. También pueden mezclarla con otras drogas ilegales. Otra forma de droga es el crack. La cocaína crack se ha calentado para convertirla en cristal de roca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se consume la cocaína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cocaína en polvo se aspira por la nariz o se frota en las encías. Algunas personas disuelven el polvo y lo inyectan en el torrente sanguíneo. Otras se inyectan una combinación de cocaína y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html"&gt;heroína&lt;/a&gt;, conocida como "bola rápida" o "speedball" en inglés. El crack se fuma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos a corto plazo de la cocaína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cocaína es un estimulante que puede hacer sentir a sus consumidores que tienen más energía y están más alerta. Pero también puede hacer que las personas se sientan inquietas, irritables, ansiosas y paranoicas. Grandes cantidades de cocaína pueden provocar comportamientos extraños, impredecibles y violentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los efectos de la cocaína aparecen casi de inmediato y desaparecen entre unos minutos y una hora. La duración de los efectos y su intensidad depende de cómo se haya consumido.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, la cocaína puede causar problemas de salud muy graves, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardiaco&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos a largo plazo de la cocaína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que consumen cocaína a largo plazo pueden desarrollar problemas de salud. Los problemas que tengan dependen de cómo consumieron la droga:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aspirarla por la nariz puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;pérdida del sentido del olfato&lt;/a&gt;, hemorragia nasal, daño en la nariz y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fumarla puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;tos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt; y un mayor riesgo de infecciones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inyectarla con una aguja puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html"&gt;infecciones en la piel&lt;/a&gt; o los tejidos blandos, así como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html"&gt;cicatrices&lt;/a&gt;. Puede provocar colapso de vena. Cuando una vena colapsa, la sangre no puede fluir por ella. Inyectarse cocaína también pone a la persona en mayor riesgo de contraer enfermedades como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros efectos a largo plazo del consumo de cocaína pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html"&gt;desnutrición&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del movimiento&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo mal de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El consumo repetido de cocaína puede llevar a tolerancia, es decir, los consumidores necesitan cada vez más droga para obtener el mismo efecto. Con el tiempo, las dosis más altas causan que el cuerpo se vuelva dependiente de la cocaína. Si alguien que es dependiente de la cocaína deja de consumirla, tendrá síntomas de abstinencia. Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumento del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para dormir e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;insomnio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamiento lento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El consumo repetido de cocaína también puede provocar un trastorno por consumo de cocaína o adicción. Esto es más que dependencia física. Es un trastorno cerebral crónico (de larga duración). Cuando una persona tiene este trastorno, sigue consumiendo cocaína aunque le cause problemas en la vida. Algunos ejemplos incluyen problemas de salud y no poder cumplir con sus responsabilidades en el trabajo, la escuela o el hogar. Conseguir y consumir cocaína se vuelve su principal objetivo en la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Puede una persona tener una sobredosis de cocaína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible tener una sobredosis de cocaína. Esto ocurre cuando una persona consume tanta cocaína que provoca una reacción potencialmente mortal o la muerte. Algunas personas consumen cocaína junto con otras drogas o alcohol. Esto puede aumentar el riesgo de una sobredosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una sobredosis de cocaína puede causar problemas de salud como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Latidos cardíacos irregulares&lt;/a&gt; (arritmia)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infarto de miocardio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe ningún medicamento específico para tratar una sobredosis. Los profesionales de la salud buscarán tratar los problemas de salud específicos causados por la sobredosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de cocaína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de cocaína son diferentes tipos de terapias conductuales. No existen medicamentos que puedan tratarlo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html" id="193" language="English">Cocaine</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html" id="1869">Consumo de drogas y la adicción</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso de cocaína</see-reference>
<see-reference>Crack</see-reference>
<site title="Abstinencia de la cocaína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000947.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaína" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-cocaina" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/cocaine/letter-director">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cocaína y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-cocaina-y-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaína y embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-cocaina/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cocaine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por cocaína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000946.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del uso de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta del cuerpo a la cocaína" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/cocaina" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/cocaine">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de sustancias: Cocaína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000793.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000793.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son la cocaína y el crack? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-cocaine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-cocaine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A cochlear implant can help individuals who are severely hard of hearing or deaf. A cochlear implant does not restore normal hearing." title="Cochlear Implants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html" id="5214" language="English" date-created="06/22/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A cochlear implant is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound. People who are profoundly &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;deaf&lt;/a&gt; or severely hard-of-hearing can get help from them. The implant consists of two parts. One part sits on the outside of the body, behind the ear.  A second part is surgically placed under the skin. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
An implant does not restore normal hearing.  It can help a person understand speech.  Children and adults can benefit from them.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html" id="5215" language="Spanish">Implantes cocleares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003054">Cochlear Implants</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html" id="5216">Hearing Aids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3693">Hearing Problems in Children</related-topic>
<site title="Benefits and Risks of Cochlear Implants" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/cochlear-implants/benefits-and-risks-cochlear-implants">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cochlear implant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007203.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cochlear Implant (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cochlear-implant-animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cochlear Implants" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/implants-and-prosthetics/cochlear-implants">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cochlear Implants" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/implantes-cocleares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cochlear Implants (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cochlear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cochlear.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Audiologist" url="https://members.audiology.org/cvweb/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/openpage?wrp=search.htm&amp;id=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Audiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing and the cochlea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cochlear Implants" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cochlear+Implants%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quick Statistics about Hearing" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-hearing">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines and Cochlear Implants" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un colapso pulmonar ocurre cuando entra aire al espacio  pleural. Si el colapso es total, se lo llama neumotórax. Si es parcial, se le llama atelectasia." title="Colapso pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collapsedlung.html" id="6144" language="Spanish" date-created="07/01/2013">
<also-called>Atelectasia pulmonar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un colapso pulmonar ocurre cuando entra aire al espacio pleural (el área entre el pulmón y la pared del pecho). Si el colapso es total, se lo llama neumotórax. Si solo una parte del pulmón colapsa, se denomina atelectasia.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas del colapso pulmonar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades de los pulmones, como neumonía o cáncer de pulmón &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar conectado a un ventilador mecánico &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía del tórax o abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vía respiratoria obstruida &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pueden no presentarse síntomas si solo un área pequeña colapsa. Pero si el área es más grande, puede sentir falta de aliento y su corazón latiendo más rápidamente.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colapso pulmonar se diagnostica por medio de rayos X. El tratamiento depende de la causa subyacente. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html" id="6143" language="English">Collapsed Lung</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125">Enfermedades de los pulmones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5859">Lesiones y enfermedades del tórax</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4628">Trastornos pleurales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pulmón, Colapso</see-reference>
<site title="Atelectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000065.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atelectasia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/atelectasis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369688?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colapso pulmonar (neumotórax)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000087.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho, agudo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-agudo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-acute/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración TAC de tórax" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falta de aire" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/falta-de-aire-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemotórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000126.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de sonda pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de una sonda torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumotórax" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumotórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100150_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100150_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumotórax en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007312.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumotórax: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350372?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la LAM (linfangioleiomiomatosis)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/lam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are lots of different cold and cough medicines, and they do different things. Learn about different remedies and when you should take them." title="Cold and Cough Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4961" language="English" date-created="04/13/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are cold and cough medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cold and cough medicines can help relieve symptoms of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;common cold&lt;/a&gt;. The symptoms of a cold can include a sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You don't usually need to treat a cold or the cough that it causes. You can't cure a cold, and antibiotics won't help you get better. But sometimes the symptoms can keep you awake or cause a lot of discomfort. In that case, cold and cough medicines can sometimes be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of cold and cough medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are lots of different cold and cough medicines, and they do different things:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nasal decongestants - unclog a stuffy nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cough suppressants - quiet a cough&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Expectorants - loosen mucus in your lungs so you can cough it up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antihistamines - stop runny noses and sneezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; - ease fever, headaches, and minor aches and pains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What do I need to know about taking cold and cough medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Before taking these medicines, read the labels and follow the instructions carefully. Many cold and cough medicines contain the same active ingredients. For example, some of them include pain relievers. If you are taking these medicines and are also taking a separate pain reliever, you could be getting a dangerous amount of the pain reliever.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Do not give cold or cough medicines to children under two, and don't give aspirin to children.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What else can I do to feel better for a cold or cough?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you decide that you don't want to take cold and cough medicines, there are other ways to feel better:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink lots of fluids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get plenty of rest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a cool mist humidifier&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use saline nose drops or sprays&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use nasal suctioning with a bulb syringe, which can be very helpful in children under a year old&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4962" language="Spanish">Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014663">Nasal Decongestants</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D057985">Multi-Ingredient Cold, Flu, and Allergy Medications</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000996">Antitussive Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006633">Histamine Antagonists</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196">Common Cold</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html" id="1543">Cough</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cough Medicines</see-reference>
<site title="5 Tips: Natural Products for the Flu and Colds: What Does the Science Say?" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/tips-natural-products-for-the-flu-and-colds-what-does-the-science-say">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acetaminophen Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brompheniramine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002601.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Antitussive Agents" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Antitussive+Agents%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Histamine Antagonists" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Histamine+Antagonists%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold medicines and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold Remedies: What Works, What Doesn't, What Can't Hurt" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/ART-20046403?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contac overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002616.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough and Cold Medicine Abuse (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough Medicine: Understanding Your OTC Options" url="https://familydoctor.org/cough-medicine-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/comprension-de-medicamentos-de-venta-libre-contra-la-tos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coughs and Colds: Medicines or Home Remedies?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Coughs-and-Colds-Medicines-or-Home-Remedies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/coughs-and-colds-medicines-or-home-remedies.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decongestants: OTC Relief for Congestion" url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dextromethorphan overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002628.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dimenhydrinate overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002634.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diphenhydramine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002636.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Don't Overuse Acetaminophen" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/dont-overuse-acetaminophen" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/no-abuse-del-acetaminofen">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Echinacea" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/echinacea">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Echinacea: What Should I Know about It?" url="https://familydoctor.org/echinacea-what-should-i-know-about-it/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/equinacea-que-debo-saber-sobre-esto/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure and Cold Remedies: Which Are Safe?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058281?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/faq-20058281?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydroxyzine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002654.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pheniramine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002529.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold and Cough Medicines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nasal+Decongestants%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Histamine+Antagonists%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Antitussive+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Multi-Ingredient+Cold%2C+Flu%2C+and+Allergy+Medications%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should You Give Kids Medicine for Coughs and Colds?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cuando-dar-medicina-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-los-ninos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zinc for Colds: The Final Word?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/zinc-for-colds/FAQ-20057769?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/zinc-for-colds/faq-20057769?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about types of herpes simplex. Type 1 causes cold sores, fever blisters or oral herpes. Type 2 affects the genital area. Read about symptoms." title="Cold Sores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html" id="5147" language="English" date-created="04/20/2009">
<also-called>Fever blister</also-called>
<also-called>Oral herpes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cold sores are caused by a contagious virus called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simplex virus&lt;/a&gt; (HSV). There are two types of HSV. Type 1 usually causes oral herpes, or cold sores. Type 1 herpes virus infects more than half of the U.S. population by the time they reach their 20s. Type 2 usually affects the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html"&gt;genital area&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people have no symptoms from the infection. But others develop painful and unsightly cold sores. Cold sores usually occur outside the mouth, on or around the lips. When they are inside the mouth, they are usually on the gums or the roof of the mouth. They are not the same as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html"&gt;canker sores&lt;/a&gt;, which are not contagious.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for cold sores. They normally go away on their own in a few weeks.  Antiviral medicines can help them heal faster.  They can also help to prevent cold sores in people who often get them. Other medicines can help with the pain and discomfort of the sores. These include ointments that numb the blisters, soften the crusts of the sores, or dry them out. Protecting your lips from the sun with sunblock lip balm can also help.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html" id="5148" language="Spanish">Herpes labial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006560">Herpes Labialis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html" id="286">Herpes Simplex</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fever Blister</see-reference>
<see-reference>Herpes, Oral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oral Herpes</see-reference>
<site title="Can You Get Genital Herpes from a Cold Sore?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hsv1-sores.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Herpes Labialis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Herpes+Labialis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold Sore" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold Sores (HSV-1)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cold-sores.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cold-sores.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold Sores (Orofacial Herpes)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/orofacial-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold Sores in Children: About the Herpes Simplex Virus" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Cold-Sores.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/herpes-simplex-virus-cold-sores.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Cold Sores" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cold-sores.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cold-sores.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever Blisters &amp; Canker Sores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fever-blisters-canker-sores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/las-calenturas-labiales-y-las-aftas-bucales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herpes - oral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000606.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpetic stomatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001383.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001383.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth sores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold Sores" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Herpes+Labialis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Su cuerpo necesita colesterol, pero si tiene demasiado puede sufrir una enfermedad cardiaca. Entérese cómo controlar los niveles de colesterol." title="Colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL)</also-called>
<also-called>Lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL)</also-called>
<also-called>Niveles de colesterol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colesterol es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para producir hormonas, vitamina D y sustancias que le ayuden a digerir los alimentos. Su cuerpo produce todo el colesterol que necesita. El colesterol también se encuentra en alimentos de origen animal, como yemas de huevo, carne y queso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene demasiado colesterol en la sangre, puede combinarse con otras sustancias en la sangre para formar placa. La placa se pega a las paredes de sus vasos sanguíneos. Esta acumulación se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. Puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;, afección que puede estrechar o incluso bloquear las arterias coronarias. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol bueno (HDL), el colesterol malo (LDL) y la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colesterol bueno (HDL), malo (LDL) y lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL) son lipoproteínas, es decir, una combinación de grasas (lípidos) y proteínas. Los lípidos necesitan estar unidos a las proteínas para moverse en la sangre. Los diferentes tipos de lipoproteínas tienen distintos propósitos:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; significa lipoproteínas de alta densidad en inglés. En ocasiones se le llama colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de su cuerpo. Transporta el colesterol de otras partes de su cuerpo de regreso al hígado. Su hígado luego elimina el colesterol de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; significa lipoproteínas de baja densidad en inglés. A veces se le llama colesterol "malo" porque un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html"&gt;Lipoproteína de muy baja densidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/vldlcholesterol.html" tid="6910"&gt; (VLDL en inglés)&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos también la califican como colesterol "malo" porque contribuye a la acumulación de placa en las arterias. Pero la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad y el LDL son diferentes; la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad transporta triglicéridos y el LDL principalmente lleva colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La causa más común del colesterol alto es un estilo de vida poco saludable. Esto puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hábitos alimenticios poco saludables&lt;/strong&gt;, como comer muchas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt; saturadas. Estas grasas se encuentran en algunas carnes rojas, productos lácteos enteros, chocolate, algunos productos horneados y muchos alimentos procesados y fritos. Comer demasiada grasa saturada puede elevar su colesterol malo (LDL)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Falta de actividad física&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, con mucho sedentarismo y poco ejercicio. Esto reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL).&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, lo que reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL), especialmente en las mujeres. También aumenta su colesterol malo (LDL)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;Estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, que puede subir los niveles de ciertas hormonas como los corticosteroides. Estas pueden hacer que su cuerpo produzca más colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Beber demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, lo que puede aumentar el nivel de colesterol total &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La genética también puede causar que las personas tengan colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, la hipercolesterolemia familiar es una afección hereditaria que provoca niveles muy altos dede colesterol altoen la sangre. Otras afecciones médicas y ciertos medicamentos también pueden elevar el nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) y bajar el de colesterol bueno (HDL).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puede aumentar mi riesgo de colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Varias cosas pueden aumentar su riesgo de colesterol alto:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su edad&lt;/strong&gt;: Sus niveles de colesterol tienden a aumentar a medida que envejece. Aunque es menos común, personas jóvenes, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;niños y adolescentes&lt;/a&gt;, pueden también tener colesterol alto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: Entre los 20 y los 39 años, los hombres tienen un mayor riesgo de tener colesterol total alto que las mujeres. Pero después de la menopausia, el riesgo de una mujer aumenta. Esto sucede porque la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt; reduce los niveles de hormonas femeninas que pueden proteger contra el colesterol alto en sangre.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares&lt;/strong&gt;: El colesterol alto puede correr en familias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Otras afecciones de salud&lt;/strong&gt;: Enfermedades como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt; pueden aumentar el riesgo de colesterol alto
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunas medicinas pueden aumentar su nivel de colesterol LDL o reducir su nivel de colesterol HDL, entre ellas:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;Corticoides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos medicamentos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos tomados después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órgano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para ciertas enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html"&gt;acné&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza o etnicidad&lt;/strong&gt;: Personas de ciertas razas o grupos étnicos pueden tener un mayor riesgo de colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, los asiático-americanos tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles altos de colesterol LDL que otros grupos. Y los blancos no hispanos tienen más probabilidades que otros grupos de tener niveles altos de colesterol total&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Peso&lt;/strong&gt;: Tener sobrepeso u obesidad aumenta su nivel de colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas de salud puede causar el colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colesterol alto en sangre no diagnosticado o tratado puede provocar problemas de salud graves:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene grandes depósitos de placa en sus arterias, un trozo de placa puede romperse. Esto puede causar que se forme un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo de sangre&lt;/a&gt;. Si el coágulo es lo suficientemente grande, puede bloquear un poco o completamente el flujo de sangre en una arteria coronaria.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno al músculo cardíaco se reduce o se bloquea, puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt; (dolor de pecho) o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La placa también puede acumularse en otras arterias de su cuerpo, incluidas las arterias que llevan sangre rica en oxígeno a su cerebro y extremidades. Esto puede conducir a problemas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedades de las arterias carótidas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad arterial periférica&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo sé si tengo colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, no hay signos o síntomas de que tenga colesterol alto. Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; puede medir sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt;. Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para personas de 19 años o menores:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o derrame cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Para personas de 20 a 65 años:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Personas mayores de 65 años&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deben hacerse la prueba todos los años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo bajar mi colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;bajar su colesterol&lt;/a&gt; mediante cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón. Estos incluyen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;plan de alimentación saludable&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;control del peso&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;ejercicio regular&lt;/a&gt;.
Si estos cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes, es posible que también deba tomar medicamentos. Hay varios tipos disponibles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para reducir el colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html"&gt;estatinas&lt;/a&gt;. Si toma medicamentos para reducir el colesterol, aún debe continuar con los cambios en el estilo de vida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con hipercolesterolemia familiar pueden recibir un tratamiento llamado aféresis de lipoproteínas. Este tratamiento utiliza una máquina de filtrado para eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de la sangre. Luego, la máquina devuelve el resto de la sangre a la persona.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
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<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6786">Colesterol bueno (HDL)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6784">Colesterol malo (LDL)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6810">Cómo bajar su colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6808">Cómo bajar su colesterol con dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html" id="3594">Grasas en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6910">Lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6812">Medicinas para el colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782">Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html" id="4278">Triglicéridos</related-topic>
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<site title="Disbetalipoproteinemia familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000402.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estatinas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000403_69.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000403_9.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de colesterol y sus resultados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipercolesterolemia familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000392.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperlipidemia combinada familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000396.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huevos: ¿Son buenos o malos para el colesterol?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol/faq-20058468?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol/faq-20058468?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los trastornos relacionados con el colesterol y con los lípidos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/trastornos-relacionados-con-el-colesterol/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-relacionados-con-el-colesterol-y-con-los-l%C3%ADpidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/cholesterol-disorders/overview-of-cholesterol-and-lipid-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que haga hoy puede prevenir enfermedades del corazón en el futuro" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/lo-que-haga-hoy-puede-prevenir-enfermedades-del-corazon-en-el-futuro" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-you-do-now-can-prevent-heart-disease-later">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para el colesterol: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niacina mejora los niveles de colesterol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/art-20046208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/ART-20046208?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacina para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de colesterol: ¿Puede ser demasiado bajo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol-level/faq-20057952?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol-level/FAQ-20057952?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles altos de colesterol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000403.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de HDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007810.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de LDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007811.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de perfil lipídico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007812.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables: Bajo en grasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Su colesterol" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/su-colesterol" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/cholesterol-and-statins-infographic">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento farmacológico para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Platillos latinos sabrosos y saludables! / Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/sp_recip.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi colesterol?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Answers-by-Heart/Answers-by-Heart-SPANISH/How-Can-I-Improve-Cholesterol_Span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/How-Can-I-Lower-High-Cholesterol_UCM_308996_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El colesterol alto no es sólo un problema de los adultos. Puede poner a su niño o adolescente en riesgo de sufrir enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y otras enfermedades cardíacas. Obtenga más información." title="Colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6908" language="Spanish" date-created="04/19/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como la carne y los productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si su niño o adolescente tiene colesterol alto (demasiado colesterol en la sangre), se puede pegar en las paredes de las arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto puede poner a su niño o adolescente en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad arterial coronaria&lt;/a&gt; y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa del colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tres factores principales contribuyen al colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una dieta no saludable, especialmente una que es alta en grasas saturadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, especialmente cuando uno o ambos padres tienen colesterol alto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas enfermedades, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad renal&lt;/a&gt; (de los riñones) y ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades de la tiroides&lt;/a&gt; también pueden causar colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el colesterol alto en niños o adolescentes no presenta signos o síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; puede medir los niveles de colesterol. La prueba entrega información sobre:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Colesterol total&lt;/strong&gt;:  Esta es la medida de la cantidad total de colesterol en la sangre. Incluye el colesterol de lipoproteína de baja densidad (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;, por su sigla en inglés) y el colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidad (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;, por su sigla en inglés)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Colesterol LDL&lt;/strong&gt;: A menudo se denomina colesterol "malo" porque es la principal fuente de acumulación y obstrucción por colesterol en las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Colesterol HDL&lt;/strong&gt;: A menudo se conoce como colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de sus arterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No-HDL&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta cifra es su colesterol total menos su colesterol bueno (HDL). Su colesterol no-HDL incluye el colesterol malo (LDL) y otros tipos de colesterol, como la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;Triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Otro tipo de grasa en su sangre que puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para cualquier persona de 19 años o menor, los niveles saludables de colesterol son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Tipo de colesterol&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Nivel saludable&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Colesterol total&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 170 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 120 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 110 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Más de 45 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La frecuencia de este examen depende de la edad de su niño o adolescente, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y once años de edad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento principal para el colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes son cambios en el estilo de vida. Estos cambios incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer actividad física regular&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;ejercicio frecuentemente&lt;/a&gt; y pasar menos tiempo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;sentado&lt;/a&gt; (frente al televisor, una computadora, un teléfono o una tableta, entre otros)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alimentación saludable&lt;/strong&gt;: La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;dieta para reducir el colesterol&lt;/a&gt; incluye limitar los alimentos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas, azúcar y colesterol. También es importante comer muchas frutas frescas, vegetales y granos integrales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bajar de peso&lt;/strong&gt; si su niño o adolescente tiene sobrepeso u obesidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si todos en la familia hacen estos cambios, será más fácil para su niño o adolescente atenerse a ellos. También es una oportunidad para mejorar su salud y la de su familia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, los cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes para bajar el colesterol de su niño o adolescente. El profesional de la salud de su niño o adolescente puede considerar recetarle medicamentos para el colesterol si hijo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene al menos 10 años de edad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene un nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) superior a 190 mg / dL, incluso después de seis meses de cambios en la dieta y el ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene un nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) que es más alto que 160 mg / dL y tiene un alto riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene hipercolesterolemia familiar, un trastorno hereditario que provoca niveles muy altos de colesterol en la sangre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6907" language="English">High Cholesterol in Children and Teens</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6786">Colesterol bueno (HDL)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6784">Colesterol malo (LDL)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3013">Ejercicio para niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782">Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html" id="4078">Obesidad en niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Niños y adolescentes, Colesterol</see-reference>
<site title="Apoyar a su hijo con la pérdida de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000354.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol alto en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007701.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de nutrición para niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-de-nutricion-para-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/heartdisease/kids/495.printerview.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo bajar su colesterol: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio y la actividad en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000353.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas dietéticas y colesterol" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-colesterol-y-las-grasas/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/dietary-fat-and-cholesterol/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipercolesterolemia familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000392.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipercolesterolemia familiar (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/familial-hypercholesterolemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/familial-hypercholesterolemia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperlipidemia combinada familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000396.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento farmacológico para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el colesterol?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="HDL significa lipoproteínas de alta densidad en inglés. Se le llama colesterol &quot;bueno&quot; porque transporta el colesterol a su hígado, eliminándolo del cuerpo." title="Colesterol bueno (HDL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6786" language="Spanish" date-created="12/06/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como carne y productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien, pero tener demasiado colesterol en la sangre aumenta el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol HDL y el LDL?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El  colesterol HDL y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol LDL&lt;/a&gt; son dos tipos de lipoproteínas, una combinación de grasas (lípidos) y proteína. Los lípidos necesitan unirse a las proteínas para poder moverse en la sangre. El HDL y el LDL tienen funciones diferentes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;HDL significa lipoproteínas de alta densidad en inglés. A veces se le llama colesterol "bueno" porque transporta el colesterol de otras partes de su cuerpo a su hígado. Su hígado luego elimina el colesterol de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;LDL significa lipoproteínas de baja densidad en inglés. En ocasiones se le llama colesterol "malo" porque un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de colesterol en las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo sé cuál es mi nivel de colesterol HDL?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una prueba de sangre puede medir sus niveles de colesterol, incluyendo el HDL. Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para personas de 19 años o menores:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o derrame cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para personas de 20 años o mayores:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál debería ser mi nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los números más altos son mejores para el colesterol bueno (HDL), porque un nivel alto de HDL puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy HDL levels by age and sex" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Edad&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Nivel saludable de colesterol HDL&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Edad 19 años o menores &lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Más de 45 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Hombres de 20 años y mayores&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Más de 40 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Mujeres de 20 o mayores&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Más de 50 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo elevar mi nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si su nivel de HDL es demasiado bajo, los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar. Estos cambios también pueden ayudar a prevenir otras enfermedades y le harán sentir mejor en general:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coma una dieta saludable:&lt;/strong&gt; Para elevar su nivel de HDL, necesita comer grasas buenas en lugar de grasas malas. Esto significa limitar las grasas saturadas, que incluyen la leche entera y el queso, las carnes con alto contenido de grasa como las salchichas y el tocino, y las comidas preparadas con mantequilla, manteca de cerdo y aceite vegetal hidrogenado. También debe evitar las grasas trans, que pueden estar en algunas margarinas, alimentos fritos y alimentos procesados como productos horneados. En cambio, coma grasas insaturadas, que se encuentran en el aguacate, aceites vegetales como el aceite de oliva y nueces. Limite los carbohidratos, especialmente el azúcar. También intente comer más alimentos naturalmente ricos en fibra, como avena y frijoles&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga un peso saludable:&lt;/strong&gt; Puede aumentar su nivel de colesterol HDL al perder peso, especialmente si tiene mucha grasa alrededor de la cintura&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haga ejercicio:&lt;/strong&gt; Hacer ejercicio en forma regular puede elevar su nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL), así como reducir su colesterol malo (LDL). Debe intentar hacer ejercicio durante 30 minutos la mayoría de los días, si puede ejercitarse todos los días, todavía mejor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evite los cigarrillos:&lt;/strong&gt; Fumar y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;exposición pasiva al cigarrillo&lt;/a&gt; (o tabaco) pueden reducir su nivel de colesterol HDL. Si es fumador, solicite ayuda a su proveedor de atención médica para encontrar la mejor manera de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejarlo&lt;/a&gt;. También debe tratar de evitar la exposición al humo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limite el alcohol:&lt;/strong&gt; El alcohol moderado puede disminuir su nivel de colesterol HDL, aunque se necesitan más estudios para confirmarlo. Lo que sí sabemos es que un exceso de alcohol puede hacer que aumente de peso, lo que reduce el nivel de HDL
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para el colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html"&gt;estatinas&lt;/a&gt;, pueden elevar su nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL), además de reducir su colesterol malo (LDL). En  general, los proveedores de atención médica no recetan medicamentos solo para aumentar el HDL. Pero si tiene un HDL bajo y uno alto de LDL, es posible que necesite medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué más puede afectar mi nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tomar ciertos medicamentos puede disminuir los niveles de HDL en algunas personas. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Betabloqueantes, un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;Esteroides anabólicos&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo la testosterona, una hormona masculina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Progestinas, hormonas femeninas que se encuentran en algunas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;píldoras anticonceptivas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;terapia de reemplazo hormonal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Benzodiazepinas, sedantes que a menudo se usan para la ansiedad y el insomnio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está tomando alguno de estos medicamentos y tiene un nivel muy bajo de HDL, pregúntele a su proveedor si debe seguir tomándolos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; también puede disminuir su nivel de HDL, lo que le da otra razón para controlar su diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785" language="English">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<site title="Colesterol bueno y colesterol malo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/colesterol-bueno-y-colesterol-malo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/cholesterol-good-and-bad/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol HDL elevado" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/trastornos-relacionados-con-el-colesterol/colesterol-hdl-elevado" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/cholesterol-disorders/elevated-hdl-cholesterol">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aumentar su colesterol &quot;bueno&quot;" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/hdl-cholesterol/art-20046388?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/hdl-cholesterol/ART-20046388?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de colesterol y sus resultados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacina mejora los niveles de colesterol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/art-20046208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/ART-20046208?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacina para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de HDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007810.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="LDL significa lipoproteínas de baja densidad en inglés. Se llama colesterol &quot;malo&quot; porque lleva a una acumulación de colesterol en las arterias" title="Colesterol malo (LDL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6784" language="Spanish" date-created="12/06/2017">
<also-called>LDL</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como carne y productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien, pero tener demasiado colesterol en la sangre aumenta el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol HDL y el LDL?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El colesterol &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt; y colesterol LDL son dos tipos de lipoproteínas, una combinación de grasas (lípidos) y proteína. Los lípidos necesitan unirse a las proteínas para poder moverse en la sangre. El HDL y el LDL tienen funciones diferentes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;HDL significa lipoproteínas de alta densidad en inglés. A veces se le llama colesterol "bueno" porque transporta el colesterol de otras partes de su cuerpo a su hígado. Su hígado luego elimina el colesterol de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LDL significa lipoproteínas de baja densidad en inglés. En ocasiones se le llama colesterol "malo" porque un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de colesterol en las arteria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo un alto nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) puede elevar mi riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y otras enfermedades?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un nivel alto de colesterol LDL, esto significa que tiene demasiado colesterol LDL en la sangre. Este LDL adicional, junto con otras sustancias, forma placa. La placa se acumula en sus arterias; lo que se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de las arterias coronarias ocurre cuando la acumulación de placa se encuentra en las arterias de su corazón. Hace que las arterias se endurezcan y se estrechen, lo que disminuye o bloquea el flujo de sangre a su corazón. Dado que su sangre transporta oxígeno a su corazón, esto significa que su corazón no podrá obtener suficiente oxígeno. Esto puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt; (dolor de pecho) o, si el flujo de sangre está completamente bloqueado, un ataque al corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo sé cuál es mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;prueba de sangre&lt;/a&gt; puede medir sus niveles de colesterol, incluyendo el LDL. Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para personas de 19 años o menores:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o derrame cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para personas de 20 años o mayores:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para personas mayores de 60 años:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Deben hacerse la prueba cada año&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que deba controlar su colesterol con mayor frecuencia si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, diabetes o antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puede afectar mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las cosas que pueden afectar su nivel de LDL incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieta:&lt;/strong&gt; La grasa saturada y el colesterol en los alimentos que come aumentan el nivel de colesterol LDL en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Peso:&lt;/strong&gt; Tener sobrepeso tiende a elevar su nivel de LDL, disminuir su nivel de HDL y aumentar su nivel de colesterol total&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ejercicio:&lt;/strong&gt; La falta de actividad física puede llevar al aumento de peso, lo que puede elevar su nivel de LDL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fumar:&lt;/strong&gt; Fumar cigarrillos reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL). Como el HDL ayuda a eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de las arterias, si tiene menos HDL, puede contribuir a que tenga un nivel de LDL más alto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad y sexo:&lt;/strong&gt; A medida que las mujeres y los hombres envejecen, aumentan sus niveles de colesterol. Antes de la menopausia, las mujeres tienen niveles de colesterol total más bajos que los hombres de la misma edad. Después de la menopausia, los niveles de LDL en las mujeres tienden a subir&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar:&lt;/strong&gt; Sus genes determinan en parte la cantidad de colesterol que produce su cuerpo. El colesterol alto puede estar en familias. Por ejemplo, la hipercolesterolemia familiar es una forma hereditaria de colesterol alto en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicinas&lt;/strong&gt;: Ciertos medicamentos, incluidos los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;esteroides&lt;/a&gt;, algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para el VIH&lt;/a&gt;, pueden elevar su nivel de LDL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Otras afecciones médicas&lt;/strong&gt;: Las enfermedades como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; pueden causar un nivel más alto de LDL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza o etnia&lt;/strong&gt;: Personas de ciertos grupos raciales o étnicos pueden tener un mayor riesgo de colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, los afroamericanos suelen tener niveles más altos de colesterol bueno (HDL) y colesterol malo (LDL) que los estadounidenses blancos. Los estadounidenses de origen asiático tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles de LDL más altos que otros grupos&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál debería ser mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tener números bajos de colesterol malo (LDL) son buenos, porque un nivel alto de LDL puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y problemas relacionados. Los rangos generales para adultos sanos son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
       &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Nivel de colesterol LDL&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Categoría de colesterol LDL&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Menos de 100mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Óptimo&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;100-129mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Casi óptimo / Poco mejor que óptimo&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r3"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;130-159 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Límite alto&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r4"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;160-189 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Alto&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r5"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;190 mg/dL y más&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Muy alto&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene enfermedad de las arterias coronarias o tiene un alto riesgo de tenerla, su profesional de la salud puede tener objetivos diferentes para su nivel de LDL.&lt;/p&gt;

 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo reducir mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dos formas para bajar su nivel de colesterol malo (LDL):&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para su corazón&lt;/strong&gt;, los que incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
  
  
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieta saludable para el corazón&lt;/strong&gt;: Un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón limita la cantidad de grasas saturadas y trans que usted consume. Los ejemplos de planes de alimentación que pueden reducir su nivel de LDL incluyen la dieta &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;cambios terapéuticos en el estilo de vida&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;plan de alimentación DASH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Control del peso&lt;/strong&gt;: Si tiene sobrepeso, perder peso puede ayudar a reducir su colesterol malo (LDL)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Actividad física&lt;/strong&gt;: Todos deben realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regularmente&lt;/a&gt; (30 minutos la mayoría de los días, si puede ejercitarse todos los días, todavía mejor)
&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamiento con medicinas:&lt;/strong&gt; Si los cambios en el estilo de vida por sí solo no bajan su nivel de LDL lo suficiente, es posible que también deba tomar medicamentos. Hay varios tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos disponibles para reducir el colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, incluidas las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html"&gt;estatinas&lt;/a&gt;. Los medicamentos funcionan de diferentes maneras y pueden tener diferentes efectos secundarios. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre cuál es el adecuado para usted. Mientras toma medicamentos para reducir su nivel de LDL, debe continuar con los cambios en el estilo de vida.&lt;/li&gt;



&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con hipercolesterolemia familiar pueden recibir un tratamiento llamado aféresis de lipoproteínas. Este tratamiento utiliza una máquina de filtrado para eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de la sangre. Luego, la máquina devuelve el resto de la sangre a la persona.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783" language="English">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>LDL</see-reference>
<site title="Apolipoproteína B100" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003502.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol bueno y colesterol malo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/colesterol-bueno-y-colesterol-malo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/cholesterol-good-and-bad/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estatinas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de colesterol y sus resultados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipercolesterolemia familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000392.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para el colesterol: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de LDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007811.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué es cómo se maneja el colesterol LDL (malo)" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Cholesterol/My-LDL-Guide-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento farmacológico para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La colitis ulcerativa causa inflamación y úlceras en la membrana que recubre el recto y el colon. Síntomas y tratamiento de la colitis ulcerosa." title="Colitis ulcerativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="2210" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Colitis ulcerosa</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La colitis ulcerativa es una enfermedad que causa inflamación y úlceras en la membrana que recubre el recto y el colon. Pertenece a un grupo de enfermedades llamado enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La colitis ulcerativa puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero suele comenzar entre los 15 y los 30 años. Tiende a ser hereditaria. Los síntomas más comunes son dolor abdominal y diarrea con sangre. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anemia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio severo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemorragia rectal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llagas en la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de crecimiento en niños&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aproximadamente la mitad de las personas con colitis ulcerativa tienen síntomas leves. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los médicos utilizan pruebas de sangre, pruebas de heces, la colonoscopía y pruebas de imagen para diagnosticarla. Varios tipos de medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlarla. Algunas personas tienen largos períodos de remisión, cuando están libres de síntomas. En casos severos, los médicos deben extirpar el colon&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="446" language="English">Ulcerative Colitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html" id="1842">Enfermedad de Crohn</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inflamación intestinal, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso anal y la fístula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras colectomía o proctocolectomía total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras colitis ulcerativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000203.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/digestive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/digestive.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria (CBP)" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis-pbc/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-psc/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis esclerosante primaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-esclerosante-primaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colitis ulcerativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000250.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis ulcerosa" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353326?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353326?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis ulcerosa en niños: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000936.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000936.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia virtual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002942.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea relacionada con antibióticos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en fibra y residuos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria del intestino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ibd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100171_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100171_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ibd.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-inflamatoria-intestinal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/inflammatory-bowel-disease.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/enfermedades-inflamatorias-del-intestino/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inflammatory-bowel-disease-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glóbulos blancos en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/globulos-blancos-en-las-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-cell-wbc-in-stool/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Megacolon tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000248.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas intestinales: Dolor, flatulencia, hinchazón y más" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total con ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total y bolsa íleoanal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007380.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calprotectina fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are two types of collapsed lung: pneumothorax (a total collapse) and atelectasis (partial collapse). Learn the symptoms, causes, and treatment." title="Collapsed Lung" url="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html" id="6143" language="English" date-created="06/26/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A collapsed lung happens when air enters the pleural space, the area between the lung and the chest wall. If it is a total collapse, it is called pneumothorax. If only part of the lung is affected, it is called atelectasis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of a collapsed lung include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lung diseases such as pneumonia or lung cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being on a breathing machine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery on the chest or abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A blocked airway&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If only a small area of the lung is affected, you may not have symptoms. If a large area is affected, you may feel short of breath and have a rapid heart rate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A chest x-ray can tell if you have it. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collapsedlung.html" id="6144" language="Spanish">Colapso pulmonar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001261">Pulmonary Atelectasis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011030">Pneumothorax</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collapsedlung.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5858">Chest Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4627">Pleural Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Atelectasis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pneumothorax</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atelectasis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atelectasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369684?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atelectasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Tube Thoracostomy" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/chest-tube-thoracostomy.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/chest-tube-thoracostomy.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pneumothorax" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pneumothorax%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pulmonary Atelectasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pulmonary+Atelectasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000087.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemothorax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000126.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung HelpLine and Tobacco QuitLine" url="https://www.lung.org/help-support/lung-helpline-and-tobacco-quitline">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumothorax" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumothorax - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007312.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumothorax - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100150_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100150_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Collapsed Lung" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pulmonary+Atelectasis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pneumothorax%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shortness of Breath" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/falta-de-aire-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is LAM (Lymphangioleiomyomatosis)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/lam">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="College can bring excitement, challenges, and new responsibility.  Learn what steps students can take to stay healthy and safe in college." title="College Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/collegehealth.html" id="5417" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;College life involves excitement, along with new challenges, risks, and responsibilities. You are meeting new people, learning new things, and making your own decisions. It can sometimes be stressful.  You have to deal with pressures related to food, drink, appearance, drugs, and sexual activity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to stay healthy and safe while you're in college:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat a balanced diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get enough sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get regular physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maintain your health with checkups and vaccinations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you decide to have sex, practice safe sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make smart choices about alcohol and drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get help if you are stressed or depressed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collegehealth.html" id="5418" language="Spanish">Salud en la universidad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014495">Universities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013334">Students</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collegehealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schoolhealth.html" id="3612">School Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenhealth.html" id="609">Teen Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" id="1313">Underage Drinking</related-topic>
<site title="(Vaccines for) Adults Ages 19 Through 26" url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/who-and-when/adults/adults-19-26/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/who-and-when/adults/adults-19-26/index.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: College Student Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22college+students%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College Drinking" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/college-drinking" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/es/publications/el-consumo-de-alcohol-en-la-universidad">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College Eating and Fitness 101" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/eating-and-fitness-in-college/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="College Health: General Information (for Young Women)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/college-health/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/salud-en-universidad/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="College Health: Health Services and Common Health Problems" url="https://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/college-health-common-problems/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="College students and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007446.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="College Students with ADHD" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/College-Students-with-ADHD-111.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="College Women's Health" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/owh-resources-stakeholders/college-womens-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="College-Age and Young Adults" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/college-age-young-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Health Problems at College" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/young-adult/Pages/Health-Care-for-College-Students.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/young-adult/paginas/health-care-for-college-students.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fall Semester -- A Time for Parents To Discuss the Risks of College Drinking" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/time-for-parents-discuss-risks-college-drinking" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/semestre-de-otono-momento-para-que-los-padres-hablen-sobre-de-los-riesgos-del-consumo-de-alcohol-en">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Food Allergies at College" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/preparing-college">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Disease in Preteens, Teens &amp; Young Adults" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/Meningococcal-Disease-Information-for-Teens-and-College-Students-.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/meningococcal-disease-information-for-teens-and-college-students-.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="College Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Students%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Universities%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quiz: How Much do You Know about Taking Good Care of Yourself?" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/disability/quizzes/quiz_takecare.html">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Underage Drinking: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diseases of the large intestine can affect your colon's ability to work properly. See how diet, medicines, and in some cases surgery can help." title="Colonic Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html" id="194" language="English" date-created="01/01/1999">
<also-called>Large intestine diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your colon, also known as the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. It's a long, hollow tube at the end of your digestive tract where your body makes and stores stool. Many disorders affect the colon's ability to work properly. Some of these include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;Colorectal cancer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;Colonic polyps&lt;/a&gt; - extra tissue growing in the colon that can become cancerous&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;Ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt; - ulcers of the colon and rectum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html"&gt;Diverticulitis&lt;/a&gt; - inflammation or infection of pouches in the colon&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;Irritable bowel syndrome&lt;/a&gt;  -  an uncomfortable condition causing abdominal cramping and other symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for colonic diseases varies greatly depending on the disease and its severity. Treatment may involve diet, medicines and in some cases, surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html" id="1830" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del colon</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003108">Colonic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonicdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html" id="3134">Colonic Polyps</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" id="4916">Colonoscopy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88">Colorectal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html" id="119">Crohn's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html" id="214">Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5275">Intestinal Obstruction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="614">Irritable Bowel Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="446">Ulcerative Colitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intestinal Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomic Problems of the Lower GI Tract" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/problemas-anatomicos-parte-inferior-del-aparato-digestivo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angiodysplasia of the colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000238.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium enema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Colonic Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Colonic+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intestinal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intestinal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001125.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colon Cleansing: Is It Helpful or Harmful?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/colon-cleansing/faq-20058435?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/colon-cleansing/faq-20058435?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Culture - colonic tissue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003733.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digestive Health Tips" url="https://gi.org/topics/digestive-health-tips/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disorders of the Large Intestine" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-large-intestine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hirschsprung Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/hirschsprung-disease">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hirschsprung disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001140.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hirschsprung Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hirschsprung.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hirschsprung.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hirschsprung disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hirschsprung-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Ischemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal pseudo-obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal pseudo-obstruction: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ischemic Colitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ischemic-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374001?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ischemic-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374001?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic Colon Resection" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-colon-resection-from-sages/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/reseccion-laparoscopica-de-colon-informacion-para-el-paciente-de-parte-de-su-medico-y-de-sages/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic Surgery -- What Is It?" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/laparoscopic-surgery-what-is-it" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/cirugia-laparoscopica">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mesenteric angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microscopic Colitis: Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/microscopic-colitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mowat-Wilson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mowat-wilson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ostomy Surgery of the Bowel" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ostomy-surgery-bowel">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-usefulness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonic Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colonic+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Small intestinal ischemia and infarction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001151.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total abdominal colectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007379.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total colectomy or proctocolectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic megacolon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000248.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virtual colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Colorectal polyps are extra clumps of tissue that grow in the colon. Some polyps can become cancerous but most are not. Details on several types here." title="Colonic Polyps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html" id="3134" language="English" date-created="02/06/2003">
<also-called>Colon polyps</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A polyp is an extra piece of tissue that grows inside your body. Colonic polyps grow in the large intestine, or colon.  Most polyps are not dangerous. However, some polyps may turn into cancer or already be cancer. To be safe, doctors remove polyps and test them.  Polyps can be removed when a doctor examines the inside of the large intestine during a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get polyps, but certain people are more likely than others. You may have a greater chance of getting polyps if you :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Are over age 50 &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Have had polyps before &lt;/li&gt;	
 &lt;li&gt;	Have a family member with polyps &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Have a family history of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon cancer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most colon polyps do not cause symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include blood on your underwear or on toilet paper after a bowel movement, blood in your stool, or constipation or diarrhea lasting more than a week.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html" id="3135" language="Spanish">Pólipos del colon</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003111">Colonic Polyps</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html" id="194">Colonic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88">Colorectal Cancer</related-topic>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium enema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Colorectal Polyps and Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Colonic Polyps" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Colonic+Polyps%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colon Polyps" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/colon-polyps">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colorectal polyps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000266.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial adenomatous polyposis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-adenomatous-polyposis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Polyps (in Children)" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Intestinal%20Polyps%20-English.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Intestinal%20Polyps%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile polyposis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/juvenile-polyposis-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peutz-Jeghers syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000244.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/peutz-jeghers-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polyp biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003415.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polyps of the Colon and Rectum" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polyps-of-the-colon-and-rectum" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polipos-del-colon-y-el-recto">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonic Polyps" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colonic+Polyps%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screening Tests to Detect Colorectal Cancer and Polyps" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/screening-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/hoja-informativa-deteccion">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Total proctocolectomy and ileal-anal pouch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007380.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virtual colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When You Visit Your Doctor: Colonic Polyps" url="https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/when-you-visit-your-doctor-colonic-polyps">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Harvard Medical School</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A colonoscopy is an exam of the colon and rectum using a tiny camera to search for polyps, cancer or other diseases. Follow these tips to prepare." title="Colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" id="4916" language="English" date-created="01/21/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy are procedures that let your doctor look inside your rectum and colon (large intestine). They use instruments called scopes. Scopes have a light and a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube. These procedures let your doctor see problems such as inflamed tissue, ulcers, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;polyps&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Colonoscopy checks your entire colon and rectum. Flexible sigmoidoscopy checks the rectum and the lower colon (sigmoid colon) only.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a virtual colonoscopy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A virtual colonoscopy also looks inside your rectum and part of your colon. But it does not use a scope. Instead, it is an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; test. Another name for this test is CT colonography.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may need a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy to find the cause of unexplained symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;Bleeding&lt;/a&gt; from your anus (the opening of the rectum through which stool passes out of your body)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in your bowel activity, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Pain in your abdomen&lt;/a&gt; (belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unexplained weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Doctors also use these procedures to screen for colon polyps and cancer. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;Screening&lt;/a&gt; is testing for diseases when you have no symptoms. It may find diseases at an early stage, when they are easier to treat. If aren't at higher risk for colorectal cancer, your health care provider will likely recommend you start getting screenings at age 45. If you are at higher risk, you may need to start getting screened for colorectal cancer earlier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are also other&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colorectal-cancer-screening-tests/"&gt; tests to screen for colorectal cancer&lt;/a&gt;, including stool tests. Talk with your provider about which test is right for you and when and how often you should get it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do you prepare for a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To prepare for a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy, you will need to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talk with your doctor about any health problems you have and all of the medicines and supplements that you take. You may need to stop taking some of your medicines and/or supplements before the procedure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow the bowel prep instructions from your doctor. The bowel prep clears the stool out of your colon, so your doctor will be able to see the colon during the procedure:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;You may need to follow a clear liquid diet, usually for about one day before the procedure. Avoid red or purple drinks or gelatin; the dye can look like blood in the colon. You probably need to stop eating and drinking the night before the exam.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;You will need to take some laxatives. They may be pills, a powder that you dissolve in liquid, an enema, or a combination of these. The laxative will cause diarrhea, so you need to stay close to the bathroom.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For a virtual colonoscopy, you will also need to drink a contrast medium the night before. The contrast medium is a dye or other substance that is visible on x-rays. It can help your doctor tell the difference between stool and polyps.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, and flexible sigmoidoscopy done?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For a colonoscopy:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You will have the procedure at a hospital or outpatient center. It usually takes 30 to 60 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You will get IV (intravenous) sedatives or anesthesia, usually along with pain medicine, so you won't be awake or feel pain during the procedure.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;You'll lie on a table while the doctor inserts a colonoscope through your anus and into your rectum and colon. The scope inflates your large intestine with air for a better view. The camera sends a video image to a monitor so your doctor can see your colon.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Once the scope reaches the opening to your small intestine, the doctor will slowly remove the scope. While doing so, your doctor will examine your colon again.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have polyps, your doctor may remove them and send them to a lab for testing. Most polyps aren't cancer, but removing them can prevent them from becoming cancer later on.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have abnormal tissue, your doctor may do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The sedative or anesthesia takes time to wear off completely. You'll stay at the hospital or outpatient center for 1 to 2 hours after the procedure. Then you will need someone to drive you home.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For a virtual colonoscopy:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You will have the procedure at a hospital or outpatient center. It usually takes about 10 to 15 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You do not need anesthesia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You'll lie on a table while a specially trained x-ray technician inserts a thin tube through your anus and into your rectum. The tube inflates your large intestine with air for a better view.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;The table slides into a tunnel-shaped device where the technician takes the x-ray images. You will turn over on your side or stomach to get more images taken.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For a flexible sigmoidoscopy:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You will have the procedure at a hospital, medical office, or outpatient center. It usually takes about 20 minutes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You do not need anesthesia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You'll lie on a table while the doctor inserts a thin tube through your anus and into your rectum. The tube inflates your large intestine with air for a better view. The camera sends a video image to a monitor so your doctor can see your lower colon.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Once the scope has reached the top of the lower colon, the doctor will slowly remove the scope. While doing so, your doctor will examine your lower colon again.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have polyps, your doctor may remove them and send them to a lab for testing. Most polyps aren't cancer, but removing them can prevent them from becoming cancer later on.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have abnormal tissue, your doctor may do a biopsy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should I expect after a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may feel cramping in your abdomen or bloating during the first hour after the any of these procedures. If the doctor removed polyps or performed a biopsy, you may have light bleeding from your anus. This bleeding is normal.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;For a virtual colonoscopy or a flexible sigmoidoscopy, you go back to your regular activities and diet right after the test. For a colonoscopy, you can expect a full recovery and return to your normal diet by the next day.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will give you the results of your procedure. If you had a biopsy, it can take a few days to get those results.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" id="4917" language="Spanish">Colonoscopía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003113">Colonoscopy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/colonoscopy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html" id="194">Colonic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html" id="3134">Colonic Polyps</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88">Colorectal Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sigmoidoscopy</see-reference>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Stat Facts: Colorectal Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/colorect.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Colonoscopy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=colonoscopy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sigmoidoscopy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Sigmoidoscopy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/colonoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colonoscopia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000897.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colorectal-cancer-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-cancer-colorrectal/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CT Colonography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ct_colo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ct_colo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flexible Sigmoidoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/flexible-sigmoidoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/sigmoidoscopia-flexible">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colonoscopy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sigmoidoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003885.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virtual colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Expect from Your Colonoscopy Procedure" url="https://www.asge.org/videos/default-source/patient/colonoscopy.mp4">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La colonoscopia se utiliza para observar el colon y el recto con una cámara en busca de pólipos, cáncer u otros problemas. Entérese cómo prepararse. " title="Colonoscopía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" id="4917" language="Spanish" date-created="03/05/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la colonoscopia y la sigmoidoscopia flexible?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La colonoscopia y la sigmoidoscopia flexible son procedimientos que 
permiten a su profesional de la salud observar el interior de su recto y colon 
(intestino grueso). Utiliza un instrumento llamado endoscopio. Los 
endoscopios tienen una luz y una cámara pequeña conectada a un tubo largo 
y delgado. Estos procedimientos le permiten a su proveedor ver problemas 
como tejido inflamado, úlceras, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;pólipos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La colonoscopia examina todo el colon y el recto. La sigmoidoscopia 
flexible examina únicamente el recto y la parte inferior del colon (colon 
sigmoide).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una colonoscopia virtual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una colonoscopia virtual también observa dentro del recto y parte de su 
colon. Pero no utiliza un endoscopio. En cambio, es una prueba de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;rayos X&lt;/a&gt;. 
También se conoce como colonografía por TC.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una 
sigmoidoscopia flexible?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una 
sigmoidoscopia flexible para encontrar la causa de síntomas sin causa 
aparente, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;Sangrado&lt;/a&gt; del ano (la abertura del recto a través de la cual salen las 
heces de su cuerpo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en sus hábitos intestinales, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin explicación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud también utilizan estos procedimientos para 
detectar pólipos y cáncer de colon. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;pruebas de detección&lt;/a&gt; buscan 
enfermedades cuando no presentan síntomas. Pueden encontrar 
enfermedades temprano, cuando son más fáciles de tratar. Si no tiene un alto 
riesgo de cáncer colorrectal, es probable que su proveedor de atención médica 
le recomiende comenzar a hacerse pruebas de detección a partir de los 45 
años. Si tiene un mayor riesgo, es posible que deba comenzar antes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-cancer-colorrectal/"&gt;pruebas para detectar el cáncer colorrectal&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo 
pruebas de heces. Hable con su proveedor sobre qué prueba es adecuada 
para usted y cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe hacérsela.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo prepararse para una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual 
o una sigmoidoscopia flexible?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para prepararse para una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una 
sigmoidoscopia flexible, debe:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre cualquier problema de salud 
que tenga y todos los medicamentos y suplementos que toma. Es posible que 
deba dejar de tomar algunos de sus medicamentos y/o suplementos antes del 
procedimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seguir las instrucciones de preparación intestinal de su médico. La 
preparación intestinal elimina las heces de su colon, para que su médico 
pueda observar su colon durante el procedimiento:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que deba seguir una dieta de líquidos claros, en general un 
día antes del procedimiento. Evite las bebidas o gelatinas rojas o 
moradas, ya que el tinte puede verse como sangre en el colon. Es 
probable que deba evitar comer y beber la noche anterior al examen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deberá tomar algunos laxantes. Pueden ser pastillas, polvo que se 
disuelve en líquido, un enema o una combinación de estos. El laxante causará 
diarrea, por lo que debe permanecer cerca del baño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para una colonoscopia virtual, también deberá beber un medio de 
contraste la noche anterior. El medio de contraste es un tinte u otra sustancia 
visible en las radiografías. Puede ayudar a su profesional de la salud a 
diferenciar entre heces y pólipos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se realiza la colonoscopia, la colonoscopia virtual y la 
sigmoidoscopia flexible?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para una colonoscopia:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El procedimiento se hace en un hospital o centro ambulatorio. Suele 
tardar entre 30 y 60 minutos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se le administran sedantes o anestesia por vía intravenosa, 
generalmente junto con analgésicos, para que no esté despierto ni sienta dolor 
durante el procedimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usted se acuesta mientras el médico inserta un colonoscopio a través 
de su ano dentro de su recto y colon. El endoscopio infla su intestino grueso 
con aire para observar mejor. La cámara envía una imagen de video a un 
monitor para que su médico pueda observar su colon&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una vez que el endoscopio llegue a la abertura de su intestino delgado, 
el médico lo retirará lentamente. Mientras lo hace, volverá a examinar su 
colon&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene pólipos, su profesional de la salud puede extirparlos y enviarlos 
a un laboratorio para su análisis. La mayoría de los pólipos no son cáncer, 
pero extirparlos puede evitar que se conviertan en cáncer más adelante&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene tejido anormal, su médico puede hacer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El sedante o la anestesia tardan en desaparecer por completo. 
Permanecerá en el hospital o centro ambulatorio de 1 a 2 horas después del 
procedimiento. Luego, necesitará que alguien lo lleve a casa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para una colonoscopia virtual:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El procedimiento se hace en un hospital o centro ambulatorio. Por lo 
general, toma alrededor de 10 a 15 minutos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No necesita anestesia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usted está acostado sobre una mesa mientras un técnico de rayos X 
especialmente capacitado inserta un tubo delgado a través de su ano hasta el 
recto. El tubo infla su intestino grueso con aire para observar mejor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La mesa se desliza hacia un dispositivo en forma de túnel donde el 
técnico toma las imágenes de rayos X. Usted se da vuelta de lado o boca 
abajo para que le tomen más imágenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para una sigmoidoscopia flexible:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El procedimiento se hace en un hospital, consultorio médico o centro 
ambulatorio. Suele tardar unos 20 minutos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No necesita anestesia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usted se cuesta en una mesa mientras el médico inserta un tubo 
delgado a través de su ano hasta el recto. El tubo infla su intestino grueso con 
aire para observar mejor. La cámara envía una imagen de video a un monitor 
para que su médico pueda observar la parte inferior del colon&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una vez que el endoscopio haya llegado a la parte superior del colon 
inferior, el médico retirará lentamente el endoscopio. Mientras lo hace, volverá 
a examinar la parte inferior del colon&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene pólipos, su médico puede extirparlos y enviarlos a un 
laboratorio para su análisis. La mayoría de los pólipos no son cáncer, pero 
extirparlos puede evitar que se conviertan en cáncer más adelante&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene tejido anormal, su profesional de la salud puede hacer una 
biopsia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué esperar después de una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia 
virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que sienta calambres en el abdomen o hinchazón durante la 
primera hora después de cualquiera de estos procedimientos. Si el profesional 
de la salud retiró pólipos o realizó una biopsia, es posible que tenga sangrado 
leve por el ano. Este sangrado es normal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Luego de una colonoscopia virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible, usted 
puede volver a sus actividades y dieta regulares inmediatamente después de 
la prueba. Para una colonoscopia, puede esperar una recuperación completa y 
volver a su dieta normal al día siguiente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud le entregará los resultados de su procedimiento. Si 
le hicieron una biopsia, los resultados pueden estar listos en algunos días.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" id="4916" language="English">Colonoscopy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831">Cáncer del colon y del recto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html" id="1830">Enfermedades del colon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html" id="3135">Pólipos del colon</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras una colonoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000897.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonografía por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ct_colo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ct_colo">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colonoscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/colonoscopy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia virtual" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colonoscopia-virtual" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/virtual-colonoscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia virtual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la colonoscopía" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-colonoscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-colonoscopy(2)">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la sigmoidoscopía flexible" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-sigmoidoscopia-flexible" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=384">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de cáncer colorrectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-cancer-colorrectal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colorectal-cancer-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/screening-tests-used.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sigmoidoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003885.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sigmoidoscopia flexible" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/sigmoidoscopia-flexible" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/flexible-sigmoidoscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you have color blindness, you can't see the difference between certain colors. It is more common in men. Learn about genetics and how to adjust." title="Color Blindness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorblindness.html" id="4400" language="English" date-created="08/15/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most of us see our world in color. We enjoy looking at a lush green lawn or a red rose in full bloom. If you have a color vision defect, you may see these colors differently than most people.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three main kinds of color vision defects. Red-green color vision defects are the most common. This type occurs in men more than in women. The other major types are blue-yellow color vision defects and a complete absence of color vision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, color blindness is genetic. There is no treatment, but most people adjust and the condition doesn't limit their activities. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorblindness.html" id="4401" language="Spanish">Daltonismo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003117">Color Vision Defects</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorblindness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165">Vision Impairment and Blindness</related-topic>
<site title="Achromatopsia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/achromatopsia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achromatopsia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/achromatopsia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ask a Scientist: What Is Color Blindness?" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/ask-scientist-video-series">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Color Vision Defects" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Color+Vision+Defects%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Color Blindness" url="https://aapos.org/glossary/color-blindness">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color blindness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001002.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color Blindness" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/color-blindness">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Color vision deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/color-vision-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Color vision test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003387.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Color Blindness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Color+Vision+Defects%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Color Blindness?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-color-blindness" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/daltonismo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or rectum. It may not cause symptoms at first. Screening tests can help find it early, when treatment is most effective." title="Colorectal Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88" language="English" date-created="02/26/1999">
<also-called>Colon cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Rectal cancer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is colorectal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Colorectal cancer is cancer that develops in the tissues of the colon or rectum. Your colon and rectum are part of your digestive system:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your colon is the first and longest part of your large intestine. It absorbs water and some nutrients from foods. It also changes the leftover waste products into stool (poop).&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Your rectum is the lower part of your large intestine. It's where your body stores stool.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer, and cancer that begins in the rectum is called rectal cancer. Cancer that affects either of these parts may also be called colorectal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes colorectal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Colorectal cancer happens when there are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/"&gt;changes in your genetic material (DNA)&lt;/a&gt;. These changes are also called mutations or variants. Often, the genetic changes that lead to colorectal cancer happen during your lifetime and the exact cause is unknown. But certain genetic changes that raise your risk for colorectal cancer are inherited, meaning that you are born with them.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Besides genetics, other factors, including your lifestyle and the environment, can affect your risk of colorectal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop colorectal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get colorectal cancer, but certain factors make you more likely to develop it:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being older; your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a personal or family history of colorectal cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a history of adenomas. Adenomas are colorectal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;polyps&lt;/a&gt; (growths) that look abnormal under a microscope or are 1 centimeter or larger. Adenomas are not cancer, but they can sometimes turn into cancer over time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a genetic syndrome such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-adenomatous-polyposis/"&gt;familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lynch-syndrome/"&gt;Lynch syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having chronic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn disease&lt;/a&gt; for 8 years or more.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having three or more &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcoholic drinks&lt;/a&gt; per day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking cigarettes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being Black; Black people have an increased risk of colorectal cancer and death from colorectal cancer compared to other races.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Colorectal cancer may not always cause symptoms, especially at first. If you do have symptoms, they could include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in bowel habits that lasts more than a few days, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Your stool is narrower or has a different shape than usual&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt; pains, bloating, fullness, or cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no known reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is screening for colorectal cancer and who needs it?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Because colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms at first, it's important to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colorectal-cancer-screening-tests/"&gt;screening tests for colorectal cancer&lt;/a&gt;. Screening tests look for signs of a disease before you have any symptoms. They can help find cancer early, when it may be easier to treat.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Most experts recommend that start screenings at 45 and continue until at least age 75. People over 75 and those who are at high risk should talk to their providers about how often you need screening and what type of test they should get.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt; The types of tests include different stool tests and procedures such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopies&lt;/a&gt; and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Talk with your provider about how often you need screening and what type of test you should get.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is colorectal cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have symptoms that could be caused by colorectal cancer or if your screening test results are abnormal, you may need to have more tests to find out if you have cancer. Possible tests include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A digital rectal exam. For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The tests that are also used for screening (colonoscopy, stool tests, etc.) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;, if you have not already had them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other blood and tissue tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for colorectal cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, how serious the cancer is, and which type of cancer you have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;colon cancer&lt;/strong&gt;, your treatment may include one or more of these options:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radiofrequency ablation, a procedure that uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells. The radio waves travel through electrodes (small devices that carry electricity).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cryosurgery, a procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;rectal cancer&lt;/strong&gt;, your treatment may include one or more of these options:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radiation therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Active surveillance, which means having regular tests to see if your rectal cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Immunotherapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can colorectal cancer be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avoiding the risk factors that you have control over may help prevent some cancers. That includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting alcohol to under three drinks per day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Managing your weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also other steps you can take to try to prevent colorectal cancer. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting regular colorectal cancer screenings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having polyps removed before they can become cancerous&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular exercise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Laparoscopic Colon Resection" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-colon-resection-from-sages/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/reseccion-laparoscopica-de-colon-informacion-para-el-paciente-de-parte-de-su-medico-y-de-sages/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Colon Cancer" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Colon-Cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Colorectal Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/after-treatment/living.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/despues-del-tratamiento/viviendo.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lynch Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lynch-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20374714?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lynch-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20374714?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lynch syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lynch-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ostomy Surgery of the Bowel" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ostomy-surgery-bowel">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pelvic CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colorectal Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colorectal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask About Colorectal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Colorectal Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colorectal-screening-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/deteccion-colorrectal-pdq#_48">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Screening Tests to Detect Colorectal Cancer and Polyps" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/screening-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/hoja-informativa-deteccion">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Second Cancers After Colorectal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/after-treatment/second-cancers.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/despues-del-tratamiento/segundos-canceres.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Colon Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq#_112" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-colorrectal-pdq#_112">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Rectal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/rectal-treatment-pdq#_111" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-rectal-pdq#_111">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stool DNA Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/stool-dna-test/about/pac-20385153?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/stool-dna-test/about/pac-20385153?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool guaiac test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Take the Quiz: Colorectal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/colorectal-cancer-quiz.html">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking with Your Doctor about Colorectal Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/talking-to-doctor/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/talking-to-doctor/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total abdominal colectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007379.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total colectomy or proctocolectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Colorectal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8607.00.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Colorectal Cancer Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Colon Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq#_135">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Rectal Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/rectal-treatment-pdq#_135" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-rectal-pdq#_135">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding your colorectal cancer risk" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000832.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virtual colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Colorectal Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/about/what-is-colorectal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-colon-o-recto.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Colorectal Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Coma is a state of unconsciousness, where one is alive but cannot move or respond. Outcome depends on the cause, severity, and site of the damage. " title="Coma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html" id="5559" language="English" date-created="07/06/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness.   An individual in a coma is alive but unable to move or respond to his or her environment. Coma may occur as a complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of injuries, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;brain injury&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A coma rarely lasts more than 2 to 4 weeks. The outcome for coma depends on the cause, severity, and site of the damage. People may come out of a coma with physical, intellectual, and psychological problems.  Some people may remain in a coma for years or even decades. For those people, the most common cause of death is infection, such as pneumonia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html" id="5560" language="Spanish">Coma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003128">Coma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018458">Persistent Vegetative State</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="271">Traumatic Brain Injury</related-topic>
<see-reference>Persistent Vegetative State</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Neurology" url="https://www.aan.com/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Hypoxia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#cerebral%20hypoxia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/hipoxia-cerebral">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral hypoxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001435.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Coma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Coma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Persistent Vegetative State" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Persistent+Vegetative+State%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coma" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#coma" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/coma">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Coma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="EEG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Locked-In Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/locked-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Coma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Persistent+Vegetative+State%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stupor and Coma" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/coma-and-impaired-consciousness/stupor-and-coma" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/coma-y-alteraci%C3%B3n-de-la-consciencia/estupor-y-coma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/traumatic-brain-injury-tbi" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/lesion-cerebral-traumatica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El coma es un estado profundo de inconsciencia donde una persona está viva pero es incapaz de moverse o responder a su entorno. " title="Coma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html" id="5560" language="Spanish" date-created="07/06/2010">
<also-called>Estado vegetativo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El coma es un estado profundo de inconsciencia. Una persona en coma está viva pero incapaz de moverse o responder a su entorno. El estado de coma se puede presentar como una complicación de una enfermedad subyacente o como resultado de lesiones, tales como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatismo del cráneo&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El estado de coma rara vez dura más de 2 a 4 semanas. El resultado depende de la causa, la severidad y sitio de la lesión. La gente puede salir de un coma con problemas físicos, intelectuales y psicológicos. Algunas personas pueden permanecer en coma durante años o incluso décadas. Para esa gente, la causa de muerte más común es una infección, como una neumonía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html" id="5559" language="English">Coma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="1930">Lesión cerebral traumática</related-topic>
<see-reference>Estado vegetativo</see-reference>
<site title="Coma" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/coma" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#coma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coma diabético" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disminución del estado de conciencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003202.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003202.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estupor y coma" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/coma-y-alteraci%C3%B3n-de-la-consciencia/estupor-y-coma" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/coma-and-impaired-consciousness/stupor-and-coma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoxia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001435.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoxia cerebral" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/hipoxia-cerebral" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#cerebral%20hypoxia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo cerebral: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/traumatismo-cerebral-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/traumatic-brain-injury-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Common cold symptoms usually begin 2 or 3 days after infection and last 2 to 14 days. There is no cure for the common cold. Learn tips for relief. " title="Common Cold" url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the common cold?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The common cold is a mild infection of your upper respiratory tract (which includes your nose and throat). Colds are probably the most common illness. Adults have an average of 2-3 colds per year, and children have even more. Colds are more common in the winter and spring, but you can get them at any time.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What causes the common cold?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More than 200 different viruses can cause a cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common type. The viruses that cause colds are very contagious. They can spread from person to person through the air and close personal contact. You can also get infected when you touch something that has the virus on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose. For example, you could get a cold after you shake hands with someone who has a cold or touch a doorknob that has the germs on it, and then touch your face.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of the common cold?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of a common cold usually include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sneezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stuffy nose (congestion)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runny nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;Sore throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Coughing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms usually start a few days after you become infected with the virus. Some symptoms can last for 10-14 days.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for the common cold?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for the common cold. But there are treatments that can make you feel better while you wait for the cold to go away on its own:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting lots of rest.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking plenty of fluids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a clean humidifier or cool mist vaporizer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gargling with warm salt water.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Using saline nose drops or sprays.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;cold and cough medicines&lt;/a&gt;. But you need to be careful with certain medicines:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Children and teens should not take aspirin.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Some cold and cough medicines contain ingredients that are not recommended for children. Talk with your child's health care provider before giving your child any cold and cough medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Some cold and cough medicines contain pain relievers. If you also take a separate pain reliever with these medicines, you could be getting a dangerous amount of the pain reliever. Read the labels on the medicines and follow the instructions carefully. If you have questions, ask your provider or a pharmacist.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; will not help with a cold. Antibiotics help with bacterial infections, not with viral infections such as colds.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people who have a cold will feel better after a week or two. However, some people who get a cold may develop other illnesses, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;bronchitis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;. This is more common in people with weakened immune systems, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;, or other respiratory conditions. Contact your provider if you or your child have symptoms that concern you, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble breathing or fast breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;Dehydration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; that lasts longer than 4 days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Symptoms that last more than 10 days without improvement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Symptoms, such as fever or cough, that improve but then return or worsen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Worsening of chronic medical conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can the common cold be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no vaccine to protect against the common cold. But you may be able to reduce your risk of getting or spreading a cold by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Washing your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding touching your face, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, shaking hands, and sharing cups and eating utensils, with others if you are sick or they are sick.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue. Then throw away the tissue and wash your hands.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying home when sick.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832" language="Spanish">Resfrío</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003139">Common Cold</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4961">Cold and Cough Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299">Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html" id="404">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cold, Common</see-reference>
<site title="5 Tips: Natural Products for the Flu and Colds: What Does the Science Say?" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/tips-natural-products-for-the-flu-and-colds-what-does-the-science-say">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Adenovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achoo! Cold, Flu, or Something Else?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/achoo-cold-flu-or-something-else" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/achis-frio-gripe-o-algo-mas">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are Antibiotics Needed for My Child's Runny Nose? Q &amp; A Guide for Parents" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/media/pdfs/Runny-Nose-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/sp/materials/runny-nose-faqs-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Common Cold" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Common+Cold%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold and Flu" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cold-and-flu/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/resfriados-y-la-gripe/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/colds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/colds.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds and the Flu" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/colds-and-the-flu/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condition/resfriados-y-gripe/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds, Allergies and Sinusitis - How to Tell the Difference" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colds, Flu, and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colds-flu-and-complementary-health-approaches" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-gripe-y-los-resfriados-en-detalles">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common cold" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000678.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Cold in Babies: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Colds" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/colds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/colds.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about the Common Cold" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/facts-about-the-common-cold">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to treat the common cold at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000466.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It a Cold or Allergy?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000678_35.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000678_114.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It a Cold, the Flu, an RSV Infection, or COVID-19? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vs-cold.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-vs-cold.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Flu, COVID-19, Allergies, or a Cold?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Limit Asthma Attacks Caused by Colds or Flu" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/in-depth/asthma/ART-20043943?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/in-depth/asthma/art-20043943?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manage Common Cold" url="https://www.cdc.gov/common-cold/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/sp/for-patients/common-illnesses/colds.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm: The Slime That Keeps You Healthy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Cold" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Common+Cold%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rhinovirus Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Rhinovirus-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/rhinovirus-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Runny Nose" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/SYM-20050640?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/sym-20050640?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Should You Give Kids Medicine for Coughs and Colds?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cuando-dar-medicina-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-los-ninos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sneezing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003060.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuffy or runny nose - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuffy or runny nose - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin C and colds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It is hard when your baby is sick, many problems are not serious. Learn about how to help your baby, and warning signs for more serious issues." title="Common Infant and Newborn Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5428" language="English" date-created="05/17/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;It is hard when your baby is sick.  Common health problems in babies include colds, coughs, fevers, and vomiting.  Babies also commonly have skin problems, like diaper rash or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html"&gt;cradle cap&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many of these problems are not serious. It is important to know how to help your sick baby, and to know the warning signs for more serious problems.  Trust your intuition - if you are worried about your baby, call your health care provider right away.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5429" language="Spanish">Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007232">Infant, Newborn, Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5435">Baby Health Checkup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html" id="6410">Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1549">Infant and Newborn Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1548">Infant and Newborn Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005">Medicines and Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" id="6467">Reflux in Infants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5431">Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colic</see-reference>
<see-reference>Diaper Rash</see-reference>
<site title="Baby Acne" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/baby-acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20369880?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/baby-acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20369880?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis, Diaper Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/diaper-dermatitis-candidiasis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant, Newborn, Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infant,+Newborn,+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infantile Colic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infantile+Colic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colic" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/colic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/colic.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colic and crying - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colic in Babies" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/colic/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/colicos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colic Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colic/symptoms-causes/syc-20371074?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Cold in Babies: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Conditions in Newborns" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/Common-Conditions-in-Newborns.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/common-conditions-in-newborns.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coughing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermal melanocytosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001472.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis, Diaper Irritant" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/diaper-irritant-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diaper rash" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000964.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diaper Rash" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diaper-rash.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diaper Rash" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diaper-rash/symptoms-causes/syc-20371636?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diastasis recti" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001602.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do Not Give Infants Cough and Cold Products Designed for Older Children" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/special-features/use-caution-when-giving-cough-and-cold-products-kids">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infection" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ear-infection/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-oido-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear tag" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003304.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elimination Problems or Constipation in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epstein pearls" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001603.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythema toxicum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001458.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Excessive crying in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003023.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002923.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Problems in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/feeding-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-para-alimentar-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever (High Temperature) In Kids" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fever in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding a Doctor for Your New Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fussy or irritable child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003214.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most From a Doctor's Visit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormonal effects in newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001911.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Give Your Child Medicine" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Treat Diaper Rash" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/itchy-skin/rash/treat-diaper-rash?NoAds">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/illnesses-conditions/jaundice.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice in Newborns" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jaundice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jaundice.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milia" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/milia?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001367.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miliaria Rubra" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/miliaria-rubra?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mongolian Spot (Blue-Gray Spot)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/blue-gray-spot-mongolian-spot?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Problems in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newborn jaundice - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Thrush" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thrush.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thrush.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plagiocephaly" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/plagiocephaly/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/que-es-la-plagiocefalia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Infant and Newborn Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infant%2C+Newborn%2C+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rash - child under 2 years" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003259.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Should You Give Kids Medicine for Coughs and Colds?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cuando-dar-medicina-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-los-ninos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sick Baby? When to Seek Medical Attention" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin findings in newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002301.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Tear Duct Blockage" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tear-duct-obstruct-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tear-duct-obstruct-surgery.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teething" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002045.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Tear-Duct Blockage (Tear Duct Massage) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tear_duct_massage_animation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Tear-Duct Blockage (Tear Duct Probe) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tear_duct_probe_animation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Vomiting" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Treating-Vomiting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/treating-vomiting.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vomiting (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vomit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vomit.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some of the Basics of Infant Health?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infantcare/conditioninfo/basics" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/afectan">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When your baby or infant has a fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your baby and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Vision" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Complementary and Integrative Medicine, also called alternative medicine includes treatments that are not part of mainstream medicine. Read more." title="Complementary and Integrative Medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<also-called>CAM</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many Americans use medical treatments that are not part of mainstream medicine. When you are using these types of care, it may be called complementary, integrative, or alternative medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Complementary medicine is used together with mainstream medical care. An example is using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuncture&lt;/a&gt; to help with side effects of cancer treatment. When health care providers and facilities offer both types of care, it is called integrative medicine. Alternative medicine is used instead of mainstream medical care.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The claims that non-mainstream practitioners make can sound promising. However, researchers do not know how safe many of these treatments are or how well they work. Studies are underway to determine the safety and usefulness of many of these practices.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To minimize the health risks of a non-mainstream treatment:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Discuss it with your doctor. It might have side effects or interact with other medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Find out what the research says about it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choose practitioners carefully&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tell all of your doctors and practitioners about all of the different types of treatments you use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Complementary and Alternative Therapies</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="1735" language="Spanish">Medicina complementaria e integral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000529">Complementary Therapies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nccih.nih.gov/">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html" id="3071">Acupuncture</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3192">Cancer Alternative Therapies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html" id="2727">Chiropractic</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html" id="1246">Herbal Medicine</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alternative Medicine</see-reference>
<see-reference>CAM</see-reference>
<see-reference>Homeopathy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Integrative Medicine</see-reference>
<site title="4 Things to Know about Menopausal Symptoms and Complementary Health Practices" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-menopausal-symptoms-and-complementary-health-practices">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="4 Tips: Start Talking with Your Health Care Providers about Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/tips-start-talking-with-your-health-care-providers-about-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="5 Things You Should Know about Yoga" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-you-should-know-about-yoga">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="6 Commonly Misunderstood Words About Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/quiz">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="6 Things To Know About Massage Therapy for Health Purposes" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-massage-therapy-for-health-purposes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="6 Things to Know When Selecting a Complementary Health Practitioner" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="7 Things to Know about Mind and Body Practices for Children and Teens" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-mind-and-body-practices-for-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Adults' and Children's Use of Yoga, Mediation, and Chiropractors: National Health Interview Survey 2017" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/research/statistics/nhis/2017">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are You Considering a Complementary Health Approach?" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/are-you-considering-a-complementary-health-approach" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consideraciones-en-un-enfoque-complementario-para-la-salud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurvedic-medicine-in-depth">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biking, Pilates, and Yoga: How One Woman Stays Active" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/biking-pilates-and-yoga-how-one-woman-stays-active" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/bicicleta-pilates-y-yoga-como-se-mantiene-activa-una-mujer">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biofeedback" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and the Use of Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/children-and-the-use-of-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Complementary Therapies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=complementary+and+alternative+medicine&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Homeopathy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=homeopathy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Alternative Medicine (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/comp-alt-medicine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/comp-alt-medicine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complementary Health Practices for U.S. Military, Veterans, and Families" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/complementary-health-practices-for-us-military-veterans-and-families">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary Remedies" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/medications-older-adults/complementary-remedies">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What's In a Name?" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/complementary-alternative-or-integrative-health-whats-in-a-name" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/salud-complementaria-alternativa-o-integral-Que-significan-estos-terminos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Could a Complementary Health Treatment Help You?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/could-a-complementary-health-treatment-help-you" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/podria-ayudarle-un-tratamiento-de-salud-complementario">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Credentialing, Licensing, and Education" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/credentialing-licensing-and-education">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Massage Therapist" url="https://www.amtamassage.org/find-massage-therapist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Massage Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a NCCAOM Certified Practitioner" url="https://www.nccaom.org/find-a-practitioner-directory/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="From Opiods to Mindfulness: A New Approach to Chronic Pain" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/from-opioids-to-mindfulness-a-new-approach-to-chronic-pain" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/de-los-opioides-a-la-atencion-plena-un-nuevo-enfoque-para-el-dolor-cronico">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herbs at a Glance" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Homeopathy" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/homeopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypnosis for Health: Can Trances Work?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/hypnosis-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/hipnosis-para-la-salud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Integrative Medicine" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/complementary-alternative-medicine/about/pac-20393581?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/complementary-alternative-medicine/in-depth/alternative-medicine/art-20045267?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know the Science: The Facts about Health News Stories" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/facts-health-news-stories/complementary-health-approaches-in-the-news" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/historias-de-salud-en-noticias/lista-de-comprobacion-para-entender-las-noticias-de-salud">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Magnets for Pain" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/magnets-for-pain-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Massage Therapy: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/massage-therapy-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meditation and Mindfulness: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/meditation-and-mindfulness-effectiveness-and-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Herbs and Supplements" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/herb_All.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/herb_All.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Music and Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/music-and-health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/musica-y-salud">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Naturopathy" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/naturopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personal Story: Selene Suarez" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/personal-story-selene-suarez" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-relato-personal-selene-suarez">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Integrative Medicine" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Complementary+Therapies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Qigong: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/qigong-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Relaxation Techniques: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safe Use of Complementary Health Products and Practices" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/safety">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sound Health: Music Gets You Moving and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/01/sound-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/salud-sonora">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tai Chi and Your Health: A Modern Take on an Ancient Practice" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/12/tai-chi-your-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-tai-chi-y-la-salud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tai Chi: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tai-chi-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terms Related to Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/terms-related-to-complementary-and-integrative-health">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women's Health and Complementary Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/womens-health-and-complementary-approaches">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yoga for Health: Positioning Your Body and Mind" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/11/yoga-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/yoga-para-la-salud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yoga: Effectiveness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yoga-effectiveness-and-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS or Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, RSD are chronic pain conditions. They cause intense pain and can spread." title="Complex Regional Pain Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="382" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<also-called>CRPS</also-called>
<also-called>Causalgia</also-called>
<also-called>Reflex sympathetic dystrophy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt; condition. It causes intense pain, usually in the arms, hands, legs, or feet. It may happen after an injury, either to a nerve or to tissue in the affected area. Rest and time may only make it worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms in the affected area are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dramatic changes in skin temperature, color, or texture&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intense burning pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extreme skin sensitivity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling and stiffness in affected joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased ability to move the affected body part&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cause of CRPS is unknown. There is no specific diagnostic test. Your doctor will diagnose CRPS based on your signs and symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure. It can get worse over time, and may spread to other parts of the body. Occasionally the symptoms go away, either temporarily or for good. Treatment focuses on relieving the pain, and can include medicines, physical therapy, and nerve blocks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="2121" language="Spanish">Síndrome de dolor regional complejo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020918">Complex Regional Pain Syndromes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Causalgia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Complex Regional Pain Syndromes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Complex+Regional+Pain+Syndromes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complex Regional Pain Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/complex-regional-pain-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-dolor-regional-complejo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complex Regional Pain Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crps-complex-regional-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371151?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/crps-complex-regional-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371151?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complex regional pain syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007184.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007184.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complex Regional Pain Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/complex-regional-pain-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-dolor-regional-complejo">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/complex-regional-pain-syndrome-reflex-sympathetic-dystrophy/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/sindrome-de-dolor-regional-complejo-distrofia-simpatica-refleja-crps">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complex Regional Pain Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Complex+Regional+Pain+Syndromes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of CRPS/RSD" url="https://rsds.org/living-with-crps/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal cord stimulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007560.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las complicaciones de la diabetes pueden incluir problemas en los riñones, nervios, pies y los ojos, entre otras partes del cuerpo. " title="Complicaciones de la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568" language="Spanish" date-created="07/23/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, su nivel de glucosa o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en su sangre&lt;/a&gt; está muy alto. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para darles energía. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce o no usa la insulina de manera adecuada. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa permanece en la sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas de salud puede causar la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar complicaciones, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;Enfermedad del ojo&lt;/a&gt;: Esto por cambios en los niveles de líquido, hinchazón de los tejidos y daño a los vasos sanguíneos de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html"&gt;Problemas en los pies&lt;/a&gt; : Causados por daño a los nervios y un menor flujo sanguíneo a los pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las encías&lt;/a&gt; y otros problemas dentales: Una gran cantidad de azúcar en la sangre en la saliva ayuda a que crezcan bacterias dañinas en la boca. Las bacterias se mezclan con los alimentos para formar una capa suave y pegajosa llamada placa. La placa también proviene de comer alimentos que tienen azúcares o almidones. Algunos tipos de placa causan enfermedad de las encías y mal aliento. Otros tipos causan caries &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;: Causados por daños en los vasos sanguíneos y los nervios que controlan el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html"&gt;Enfermedad renal&lt;/a&gt;: Ocurre por daños en los vasos sanguíneos de los riñones. Muchas personas con diabetes desarrollan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;. Eso también puede dañar sus riñones&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;Problemas de los nervios&lt;/a&gt; (neuropatía diabética): Causados por daños en los nervios y los pequeños vasos sanguíneos que llevan oxígeno y nutrientes a los nervios &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Problemas sexuales y de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;vejiga&lt;/a&gt;: Ocurren por daño a los nervios y reducción del flujo sanguíneo en los genitales y la vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html"&gt;Afecciones de la piel&lt;/a&gt;: Algunas son causadas por cambios en los vasos sanguíneos pequeños y una menor circulación. Las personas con diabetes también tienen más probabilidades de tener infecciones, incluyendo las que afectan a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html"&gt;piel&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas pueden tener las personas con diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, debe vigilar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre que pueden estar muy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html"&gt;altos&lt;/a&gt; (hiperglucemia) o muy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html"&gt;bajos&lt;/a&gt; (hipoglucemia). Esto puede suceder rápidamente y ser muy peligroso. Algunas de las causas incluyen tener otra enfermedad o infección y ciertos medicamentos. También puede suceder si no recibe la cantidad correcta de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Para tratar de prevenir estos problemas, asegúrese de tomar sus medicinas para la diabetes correctamente, siga su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;dieta para diabéticos&lt;/a&gt; y controle su azúcar en la sangre en forma regular. &lt;/p&gt;






&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567" language="English">Diabetes Complications</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985">Diabetes tipo 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931">Diabetes tipo 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1852">Diabetes y el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html" id="1854">Pie diabético</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1853">Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1855">Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1856">Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<site title="Cetoacidosis diabética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coma diabético" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones de la diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/complications/complicaciones-de-la-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/complications/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones de la diabetes a largo plazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000327.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para el manejo de las complicaciones de la diabetes en la edad avanzada" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/sites/default/files/media/pdf/HIA-TipSheet%20DiabetesComplications-Spanish19.pdf">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>SAG Fundación para la Salud en Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados para la diabetes: Diez formas de evitar complicaciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/art-20045803?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/ART-20045803?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir los problemas de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-diabetes-y-la-salud-oral" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y las mujeres" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/risk-factors/la-diabetes-y-las-mujeres.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/diabetes-and-women-1.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, enfermedad de las encías y otros problemas dentales" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/boca" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/gum-disease-dental-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Escleredema diabeticorum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007749.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de potasio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003600.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000297.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/gastroparesia/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/gastroparesis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroparesia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia en la diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoglucemia diabética" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de los niveles de azúcar en la sangre" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/treatment/manejo-de-los-niveles-de-azucar-en-la-sangre.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrobiosos lipoídica diabeticorum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007742.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peso saludable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/peso-saludable.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/healthy-weight.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de ataque cardíaco y accidente cerebrovascular por diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la diabetes, sexuales y de la vejiga" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/sexuales-urologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/sexual-bladder-problems">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas en los huesos y en las articulaciones relacionados con la diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/art-20049314?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/ART-20049314?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Póngale el freno a las complicaciones de la diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-diabetes-y-la-inseguridad-alimentaria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome diabético hiperosmolar hiperglucémico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000304.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xantomatosis eruptiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007746.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la diabetes y cómo puedo controlarla?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-diabetes-and-control-it_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_300311.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La comprensión de la información de salud es el nivel en que las personas son capaces de encontrar, entender y usar información y servicios para tomar decisiones relacionadas con la salud" title="Comprendiendo la información de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthliteracy.html" id="4566" language="Spanish" date-created="03/30/2011">
<also-called>Entender la información médica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la comprensión de la información de salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La comprensión de la información sobre la salud, también conocida como alfabetización en salud, se refiere a la información que las personas necesitan para tomar buenas decisiones sobre su salud. Tiene dos partes:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;alfabetización de salud personal&lt;/strong&gt; se trata de qué tan bien una persona puede encontrar y entender la información y servicios de salud que necesita. También se refiere a cómo usa esa información y servicios para tomar buenas decisiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;alfabetización de salud organizacional&lt;/strong&gt; se trata de qué tan bien las organizaciones ayudan a las personas a encontrar la información y servicio de salud que necesitan. También incluye ayudarles a usar esa información para tomar buenas decisiones de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué factores pueden afectar la comprensión de la información sobre la salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos factores diferentes pueden afectar la comprensión de la información de salud de una persona, incluyendo el:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Conocimiento de palabras médicas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comprensión de cómo funciona el sistema de salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Capacidad para comunicarse con los profesionales de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Capacidad para encontrar información de salud, lo que puede requerir conocimientos informáticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lectura, escritura y habilidades numéricas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Factores personales como edad, ingresos, educación, habilidades lingüísticas y cultura&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limitaciones físicas o mentales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Muchas de las mismas personas que están en riesgo de tener una limitada alfabetización de salud también tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthdisparities.html"&gt;disparidades de salud&lt;/a&gt;. Las disparidades de salud son diferencias entre distintos grupos de personas. Estos grupos pueden basarse en edad, raza, género u otros factores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué es importante la comprensión de la información de salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La comprensión de la información sobre la salud es importante porque puede afectar su capacidad para:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar buenas decisiones de salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obtener la atención médica que necesita. Esto incluye atención preventiva, la que puede ayudar a evitar ciertas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;Tomar sus medicamentos en forma correcta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Manejar una enfermedad, especialmente una afección crónica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un estilo de vida saludable&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una cosa que puede hacer es asegurarse de tener una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;buena comunicación con su profesional de la salud&lt;/a&gt;. Si no entiende algo que debe comprender, pida que se lo expliquen hasta entenderlo bien. También puede pedirle al proveedor de salud que escriba sus instrucciones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthliteracy.html" id="4565" language="English">Health Literacy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#OD">Oficina del Director de NIH</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3895">Comprendiendo la investigación médica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientrights.html" id="4254">Derechos del paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3177">Evaluación de información sobre la salud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3074">Hablando con su doctor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Información de salud, Comprensión</see-reference>
<site title="Applicación QuestionBuilder en español" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprar productos y servicios para la salud en internet" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/s0023-comprar-productos-y-servicios-para-la-salud-en-internet" language-mapped-url="https://www.onguardonline.gov/articles/0023-buying-health-products-and-services-online">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo leer la etiqueta de información del medicamento de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-leer-la-etiqueta-de-informacion-del-medicamento-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/how-to-read-otc-drug-facts-label.printerview.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario médico para niños" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/word/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/word/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospitales como educadores en salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000862.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importancia de comprender lo que su doctor le dice" url="https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nch-spanish-family-tipsheets-all-topics.pdf#page=2">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración para la Niñez y las Familias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Casi todos los días leemos noticias sobre investigaciones médicas. Pero ¿qué se debe tener en cuenta para entenderlos? Entérese aquí.  " title="Comprendiendo la investigación médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3895" language="Spanish" date-created="01/11/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Parece ocurrir casi todos los días, usted escucha el nuevo resultado de una investigación médica. Algunas veces, los resultados de un estudio parecen estar en desacuerdo con los resultados de otro.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es importante ser crítico al leer o escuchar los informes de nuevos hallazgos médicos. Algunas preguntas que pueden ayudarlo a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html"&gt;evaluar&lt;/a&gt; la información de salud incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	¿El estudio se hizo en animales o personas? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	¿El estudio incluyó a personas como usted? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	¿Se trató de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clinicaltrials.html"&gt;estudio clínico&lt;/a&gt; aleatorio y controlado? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	¿Dónde se hizo la investigación? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si se estaba probando un tratamiento nuevo, ¿hubo efectos secundarios? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	¿Quién pagó la investigación? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	¿Quién comunicó los resultados? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3894" language="English">Understanding Medical Research</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3177">Evaluación de información sobre la salud</related-topic>
<site title="Conozca la ciencia: Cómo comprender un artículo de una revista científica" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/entender-la-investigacion-clinica/introduccion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Descubrimientos en ciencia básica: Un proceso perfectamente imperfecto" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/descubrimientos-en-ciencia-basica" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/10/discoveries-basic-science">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entender los riesgos para la salud: Mejore su probabilidad de tener una buena salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entender-los-riesgos-para-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/10/understanding-health-risks">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudios de investigación clínica y usted" url="https://salud.nih.gov/investigacion-clinica/los-fundamentos">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Investigación clínica" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/investigacion-clinica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/clinical-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Investigación clínica: Glosario de términos comunes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/investigacion-clinica/glosario-de-terminos-comunes">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber antes de dar sus tejidos para investigación médica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/dar-sus-tejidos.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina basada en la evidencia" url="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/spanish-patient-pages/2009/hoja-para-el-paciente-de-jama-090225.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/296/9/1192.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Médica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sea un científico ciudadano: Ayude a los investigadores a resolver problemas desconcertantes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sea-un-cientifico-ciudadano" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/11/be-citizen-scientist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people enjoy gambling, but some lose control. If you think you might have a gambling addiction, talk to your health care provider for help." title="Compulsive Gambling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/compulsivegambling.html" id="4308" language="English" date-created="02/09/2006">
<also-called>Gambling addiction</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many people enjoy gambling, whether it's betting on a horse or playing poker on the Internet. Most people who gamble don't have a problem, but some lose control of their gambling. Signs of problem gambling include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Always thinking about gambling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lying about gambling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Spending work or family time gambling &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Feeling bad after you gamble, but not quitting  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Gambling with money you need for other things&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have concerns about your gambling, ask for help. Your health care provider can work with you to find the treatment that's best for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/compulsivegambling.html" id="4309" language="Spanish">Adicción a los juegos de azar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005715">Gambling</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/compulsivegambling.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Gambling</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pathological Gambling</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gambling" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gambling%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Gambling" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-gambling/symptoms-causes/syc-20355178?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/compulsive-gambling/symptoms-causes/syc-20355178?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pathological gambling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001520.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001520.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Gambling" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gambling%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Teen Gambling" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Pages/Teen-Gambling.aspx?" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/paginas/teen-gambling.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Concussion, a minor injury to the brain due to a blow or hit to the head. Symptoms may not show up right away. Learn when to see your doctor." title="Concussion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html" id="4867" language="English" date-created="10/29/2008">
<also-called>Brain concussion</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A concussion is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;brain injury&lt;/a&gt;.  It involves a short loss of normal brain function. It happens when a hit to the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html"&gt;head&lt;/a&gt; or body causes your head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This sudden movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist in the skull, creating chemical changes in your brain. Sometimes it can also stretch and damage your brain cells.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people call a concussion a "mild" brain injury. It is important to understand that while concussions may not be life-threatening, they can still be serious.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Concussions are a common type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injury&lt;/a&gt;. Other causes of concussions include blows to the head, bumping your head when you fall, being violently shaken, and car accidents.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of a concussion may not start right away; they may start days or weeks after the injury. Symptoms may include a headache or neck pain. You may also have nausea, ringing in your ears, dizziness, or tiredness. You may feel dazed or not your normal self for several days or weeks after the injury. Consult your health care professional if any of your symptoms get worse, or if you have more serious symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Convulsions or seizures&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Drowsiness or inability to wake up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A headache that gets worse and does not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repeated vomiting or nausea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slurred speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To diagnose a concussion, your health care provider will do a physical exam and will ask about your injury. You will most likely have a neurological exam, which checks your vision, balance, coordination, and reflexes. Your health care provider may also evaluate your memory and thinking. In some cases, you may also have a scan of the brain, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; or an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;. A scan can check for bleeding or inflammation in the brain, as well as a skull &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fracture&lt;/a&gt; (break in the skull).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people recover fully after a concussion, but it can take some time. Rest is very important after a concussion because it helps the brain to heal. In the very beginning, you may need to limit physical activities or activities that involve a lot of concentration, such as studying, working on the computer, or playing video games. Doing these may cause concussion symptoms (such as headache or tiredness) to come back or get worse. Then when your health care provider says that it is ok, you can start to return to your normal activities slowly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html" id="4868" language="Spanish">Conmoción cerebral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001924">Brain Concussion</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/concussion.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html" id="5825">Head Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="271">Traumatic Brain Injury</related-topic>
<see-reference>Brain Concussion</see-reference>
<see-reference>Brain Injury</see-reference>
<site title="5 Things Parents Should Know about Concussions" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-things-parents-should-know-about-concussions" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cinco-cosas-que-los-padres-deben-saber-sobre-las-conmociones-cerebrales">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Neurology" url="https://www.aan.com/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biomarkers Identified in Collegiate Athletes That Could Help Predict Time Needed to Recover From Concussion" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/biomarkers-identified-collegiate-athletes-could-help-predict-time-needed-recover-concussion">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood-based Biomarker Can Detect, Predict Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/blood-based-biomarker-can-detect-predict-severity-traumatic-brain-injury">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Concussions: More Than a Bump on the Head" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/caring-concussions" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuidado-ante-conmociones-cerebrales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Concussion" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Brain+Concussion%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Brain+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniocerebral Trauma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Craniocerebral+Trauma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concussion" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/concussion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/conmocion-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/symptoms-causes/syc-20355594?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concussion - adults - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000126.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion - child - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000125.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion in adults - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000212.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion in children - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000213.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion in Sports" url="https://www.acsm.org/docs/default-source/files-for-resource-library/concussion-in-sports.pdf?sfvrsn=bd52934b_2">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Sports Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concussion Information Sheet" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/media/pdfs/youthsports/parent_athlete_info_sheet-a.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/media/pdfs/youthsports/esp/parent_athlete_info_sheet_spanish-a.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concussion Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/concussion-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-conmocion-cerebral/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concussions in Kids" url="https://familydoctor.org/concussions-in-kids/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conmocion-cerebral-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussions: Know the Basics" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/center/concussions-ctr.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Start on Concussion Recovery" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-head-start-on-concussion-recovery">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HEADS UP to Youth Sports Coaches: Online Concussion Training" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/training/youth-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/es/training/youth-sports.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heads Up: A Fact Sheet for Athletes Ages 11-13" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/media/pdfs/youthsports/factsheet_athletes_ages11-13-a.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms (Post-Concussion Syndrome)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Concussion" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing head injuries in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain+Concussion%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="School and Concussions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-concussions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-concussions.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Concussion" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skull x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion" url="https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic brain injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000799.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do after a Mild TBI or Concussion" url="https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/response/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las heridas por congelación son causadas por frío extremo y puede causar daños permanentes al cuerpo. Entérese sobre síntomas y cómo prevenirla." title="Congelación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html" id="5830" language="Spanish" date-created="08/01/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La congelación es una herida en el cuerpo causada por el frío extremo. En general, afecta a la nariz, orejas, mejillas, mentón, dedos de la mano o del pie. La congelación puede causar daño permanente al cuerpo y, en los casos más graves, puede llegar a necesitarse una amputación. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si sufre de congelación, la piel en esa área se puede volver blanca o gris amarillenta. Puede  que se sienta demasiado firme o de apariencia de cera. El área también se sentirá entumecida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene síntomas de congelamiento, busque atención médica. Pero si no existe atención médica, estos son los pasos a seguir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diríjase a una habitación templada lo más pronto posible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No camine con los pies congelados a menos que sea absolutamente necesario. El caminar aumenta el daño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coloque el área afectada en agua tibia, no caliente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;También puede calentar la piel usando el calor del cuerpo. Por ejemplo, use su axila para calentar dedos congelados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No frote el área congelada con nieve o la masajee. Esto puede causar más daño &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No use una almohadilla eléctrica, una lámpara de calor o el calor de una estufa, hogar o radiador para calentar el área. Debido a que el congelamiento insensibiliza la piel, puede quemarla sin darse cuenta &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html" id="5829" language="English">Frostbite</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4609">Emergencias causadas por el invierno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothermia.html" id="1967">Hipotermia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Congelamiento</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia física" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%C3%B3gicos/reacciones-al%C3%A9rgicas-y-otros-trastornos-de-hipersensibilidad/alergia-f%C3%ADsica" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/physical-allergy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congelación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/frostbite/symptoms-causes/syc-20372656?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frostbite/symptoms-causes/syc-20372656?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congelación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000057.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congelación: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/art-20056653?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/ART-20056653?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para mantener abrigados a los niños en el invierno" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir el congelamiento y la hipotermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotermia y congelación: más fácil de desarrollar de lo que se imagina" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotermia-y-congelacion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothermia-and-frostbite-easier-to-develop-than-you-might-think">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga la hipotermia y la congelación" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sabañones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chilblains/symptoms-causes/syc-20351097?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chilblains/symptoms-causes/syc-20351097?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Congenital heart defects, problems with the structure of the heart, are the most common type of birth defect. Learn about diagnosis and treatment." title="Congenital Heart Defects" url="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="198" language="English" date-created="06/21/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are congenital heart defects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are problems with the structure of the heart. "Congenital" means that that the problems are present at birth. These defects happen when a baby's heart doesn't develop normally during pregnancy. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defect&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Congenital heart defects can change the way the heart pumps blood. They may make blood flow too slowly, go the wrong way, or block it completely.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;There are many types of congenital heart defects. They can happen in one or more parts of the heart. The most common types are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Septal defects&lt;/strong&gt; ("hole in the heart") - openings in the wall between the left and right sides of the heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Heart valve&lt;/a&gt; defects&lt;/strong&gt; - problems with the valves that control the flow of blood through the heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defects in the large blood vessels&lt;/strong&gt; that carry blood in and out of the heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Congenital heart defects can range from very mild problems that never need treatment to life-threatening problems at birth. The most serious congenital heart defects are called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/critical-congenital-heart-disease/"&gt;critical congenital heart disease&lt;/a&gt;. Babies with these defects usually need surgery in the first year of life. But the symptoms of milder heart defects may not show up until childhood or adulthood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes congenital heart defects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers often don't know what causes congenital heart defects. They do know that changes in a baby's genes sometimes cause a heart defect. The changed genes may come from the parents, or the changes may happen during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to have a baby with a congenital heart defect?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several things may increase the chance that your baby has a congenital heart defect, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your health before and during pregnancy&lt;/strong&gt;, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; before pregnancy or developing it in the first 3 months of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; (diabetes that develops later in pregnancy isn't a major risk for heart defects). Carefully controlling your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt; before and during pregnancy can lower your baby's risk of congenital heart defects.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="phenylketonuria.html" tid="1231"&gt;phenylketonuria (PKU)&lt;/a&gt;, a rare inherited disorder that affects how the body uses a protein in foods. If you have PKU, eating a low-protein diet before getting pregnant can lower your baby's risk of having a congenital heart defect.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html"&gt;rubella&lt;/a&gt; (German measles) during pregnancy.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your contact with certain substances during pregnancy&lt;/strong&gt;, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt; (breathing smoke from another smoker).&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;, such as angiotensin-converting (ACE) inhibitors for high blood pressure and retinoic acids for acne. If you're pregnant or plan to get pregnant, talk with your health care provider about all the medicines you take.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your family history and genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; In most cases, congenital heart defects don't run in families. But your chance of having a baby with a congenital heart defect does go up if you or the other parent has a congenital heart defect, or if you already have a child with a congenital heart defect.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of congenital heart defects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Congenital heart defects don't cause pain. The signs and symptoms are different, depending on the type and number of defects and how serious they are.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Common signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cyanosis - a bluish color to the skin, lips, and fingernails. It happens when there isn't enough oxygen in the blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt; - your baby may be unusually sleepy and may become very tired during feedings.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor blood flow.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fast or difficult breathing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart murmur - an unusual sound between heartbeats.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems do congenital heart defects cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Congenital heart defects don't always cause other problems. If they do, which problems you have would depend on the type and number of defects and how serious the defects are.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be smaller than other children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have problems or delays in mental, and emotional growth, and behavior, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;Speech and language problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" tid="152"&gt;Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with congenital heart defects may develop other health conditions, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt; - an infection of lining of the heart and valves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; - a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt; - when your heart can't pump enough blood to the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;Pulmonary hypertension&lt;/a&gt; - high blood pressure in your lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are congenital heart defects diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Before a baby is born&lt;/strong&gt;, your provider may use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; pictures of the baby's heart to look for heart defects. This is called a fetal echocardiogram. It's done between weeks 18 and 22 of pregnancy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;During the first few days after birth&lt;/strong&gt;, all newborns are checked for congenital heart defects. A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/"&gt;pulse oximeter&lt;/a&gt; is clipped to your baby's hands or feet to measure blood oxygen. If it shows low levels of blood oxygen, more tests will be needed to find out if your baby has a heart defect.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To diagnose congenital heart defects in babies, children, and adults&lt;/strong&gt;, a provider may use many tools, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart tests&lt;/a&gt; to see how the heart is working.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic testing&lt;/a&gt; to see if certain gene problems caused the defect.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for congenital heart defects?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the type of congenital heart defect and how serious it is. Possible treatments include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cardiac catheterization&lt;/strong&gt; to repair simple defects, such as a small hole in the inside wall of the heart. A catheterization uses a thin tube guided through a vein and into the heart.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Heart surgery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; may be needed to:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Repair defects in the heart and blood vessels.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Repair or replace a heart valve.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Place a device in the chest to help the heart pump blood.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;heart transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicine is often used if your baby has a specific type of congenital heart defect called patent ductus arteriosus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All children and adults who have congenital heart defects need regular follow-up care from a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) throughout their life, even if their defect was repaired.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may need several heart surgeries or catheterizations over the years. They may also need to take medicines to help their hearts work as well as possible.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="1833" language="Spanish">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006330">Heart Defects, Congenital</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3754">Cardiomyopathy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Heart Defects</see-reference>
<see-reference>Heart Diseases, Congenital</see-reference>
<see-reference>Heart Murmur</see-reference>
<site title="22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/22q11-deletion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/22q11-deletion.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="22q11.2 deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/22q112-deletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aarskog syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001654.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/atrial-septal-defect.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/birthdefects/AtrialSeptalDefect.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric heart surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000015.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Heart Defects" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Defects%2C+Congenital%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Atresia" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/pulmonary-atresia/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/atresia-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001091.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001091.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Valve Stenosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-valve-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20377034?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-valve-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20377034?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonic valve stenosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001096.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recombinant 8 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/recombinant-8-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Single Ventricle Defects (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/single-vent-defects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/single-vent-defects.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Supravalvular aortic stenosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/supravalvular-aortic-stenosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tetralogy of Fallot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timothy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/timothy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Total anomalous pulmonary venous return" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001115.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transposition of the great arteries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001568.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001568.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/pediatric-and-congenital-heart-disease/transposition-of-the-great-arteries" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/pedi%C3%A1trica-y-cardiopat%C3%ADas-cong%C3%A9nitas/transposici%C3%B3n-de-las-grandes-arterias">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricuspid atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001110.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricuspid Atresia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tricuspid-atresia/symptoms-causes/syc-20368392?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricuspid Atresia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tricuspid-atresia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Truncus arteriosus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001111.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vascular ring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007318.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007318.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular septal defect" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001099.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ventricular-septal-defect/symptoms-causes/syc-20353495?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vsd.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Congenital Heart Defects?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cardiopatias-congenitas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Heart Surgeon?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Heart-Surgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-heart-surgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/atrial_septal_defect_animation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/atrial_septal_defect_animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypoplastic-hlhs-animation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypoplastic-hlhs-animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Williams Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/williams-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/williams-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Congenital Heart Defects" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/the-impact-of-congenital-heart-defects/chds-impact-on-females">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La conjuntivitis causa hinchazón, picazón, ardor, lagrimeo y enrojecimiento del ojo y el interior de los párpados. Causas, tratamiento, cuidados." title="Conjuntivitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html" id="4947" language="Spanish" date-created="05/27/2009">
<also-called>Inflamación de la conjuntiva</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La conjuntivitis causa hinchazón, picazón, ardor, lagrimeo y enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva, la membrana delgada y translúcida que recubre la parte blanca del ojo y el interior de los párpados. Las causas pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infección bacteriana o viral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alergias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sustancias que causan irritación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Productos que se usan para los lentes de contacto, gotas para los ojos o ungüentos.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La conjuntivitis, en general, no afecta la vista. La conjunctivitis infecciosa se contagia fácilmente de persona a persona. La infección desaparece por sí sola sin tratamiento, pero la conjuntivitis bacteriana necesita tratamiento con gotas o ungüentos antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html" id="4946" language="English">Pink Eye</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Alergia, Conjuntivitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Bebé, Conjuntivitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojo rojo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Primaveral, Conjuntivitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tracoma</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia ocular" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/alergia-ocular">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/conjunctivitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/conjunctivitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/conjunctivitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/conjunctivitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis aguda" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/conjuntivitis-aguda" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/pink-eye">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis alérgica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/conjuntivitis-alergica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/allergic-conjunctivitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis alérgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001031.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis infecciosa" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-conjuntiva-y-la-escler%C3%B3tica/conjuntivitis-infecciosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/conjunctival-and-scleral-disorders/infectious-conjunctivitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001606.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis primaveral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001390.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis u ojo rosado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001010.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gotas para los ojos" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17120/gotas-para-los-ojos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojo rosado (conjuntivitis)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003038.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La conmoción cerebral ocurre cuando el cerebro se lesiona por un golpe en la cabeza. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento, cuidados. " title="Conmoción cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html" id="4868" language="Spanish" date-created="12/08/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una conmoción cerebral es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;lesión cerebral&lt;/a&gt;. Implica una breve pérdida de la función cerebral normal. Ocurre cuando un golpe en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html"&gt;cabeza&lt;/a&gt; o cuerpo provoca que su cabeza se mueva violentamente para adelante y para atrás. Este repentino movimiento puede causar que el cerebro se golpee contra el cráneo. En ocasiones, también puede dañar a las células cerebrales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, las personas llaman a las conmociones cerebrales una lesión cerebral "menor". Es importante entender que, aunque las conmociones cerebrales no pondrían en riesgo la vida, pueden ser serias.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Las conmociones cerebrales son un tipo común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesión deportiva&lt;/a&gt;. Otras causas incluyen golpes en la cabeza, pegarse en la cabeza tras una caída, ser remecido violentamente o los accidentes de tránsito. Los síntomas pueden no presentarse de inmediato. Pueden comenzar días o semanas después de la lesión. Los síntomas pueden incluir dolor de cabeza o dolor de cuello. Usted también puede tener náuseas, zumbidos en los oídos, mareos o cansancio. Puede sentirse aturdido o no sentirse bien por varios días o semanas después de la lesión. Consulte a su proveedor de salud si algunos de sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene síntomas más graves, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Somnolencia o dificultad para caminar o dormir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza que empeora y no se mejora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad, entumecimiento o disminución de la coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos o náuseas frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para hablar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida del conocimiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar una conmoción cerebral, su proveedor de salud lo examinará y le preguntará sobre su lesión. Es probable que se someta a un examen neurológico que revisará su visión, equilibrio, coordinación y reflejos. Su proveedor también evaluará su memoria y pensamiento. En algunos casos, usted puede someterse a un escáner cerebral, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;imagen por resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;. Este examen puede buscar indicios de sangrado o inflamación del cerebro, así como fracturas del cráneo (cráneo roto).  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas se recuperan completamente luego de una conmoción cerebral, pero puede tomar algún tiempo. El descanso es muy importante, ya que ayuda al cerebro a sanar. Al comienzo puede ser necesario limitar la actividad física o tareas que requieran concentrarse, como estudiar, trabajar en la computadora o jugar videojuegos. Estas actividades pueden provocar que los síntomas de la conmoción cerebral (como los dolores de cabeza o el agotamiento) vuelvan o empeoren. Una vez que su proveedor de salud le diga que está bien, usted puede retomar sus actividades normales lentamente. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html" id="4867" language="English">Concussion</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html" id="5826">Lesiones en la cabeza</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="1930">Lesión cerebral traumática</related-topic>
<see-reference>Concusión</see-reference>
<site title="Alta de adultos después de conmoción cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000126.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta de niños después de conmoción cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000125.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco cosas que los padres deben saber sobre las conmociones cerebrales" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cinco-cosas-que-los-padres-deben-saber-sobre-las-conmociones-cerebrales" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-things-parents-should-know-about-concussions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conmociones cerebrales: Consejos preventivos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/concussions-healing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/concussions-healing.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción cerebral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/conmocion-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/concussion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción cerebral en adultos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000212.htm">
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción cerebral en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conmocion-cerebral-en-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/concussions-in-kids/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción cerebral en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000213.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/concussion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355600?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado ante conmociones cerebrales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuidado-ante-conmociones-cerebrales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/caring-concussions">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de las conmociones cerebrales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuidado-de-las-conmociones-cerebrales">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo se puede regresar a la escuela después de una conmoción cerebral" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/paginas/after-a-concussion-when-to-return-to-school.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/Pages/After-a-Concussion-When-to-Return-to-School.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deportes y las conmociones cerebrales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/concussions-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/concussions-sports.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía traumática crónica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="HEADS UP para entrenadores deportivos juveniles" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/es/training/youth-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/training/youth-sports.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoja informativa sobre conmoción cerebral" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/media/pdfs/youthsports/esp/parent_athlete_info_sheet_spanish-a.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/media/pdfs/youthsports/parent_athlete_info_sheet-a.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión cerebral traumática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000799.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de traumatismos craneales en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de conmoción cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-conmocion-cerebral/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/concussion-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguimiento de los síntomas después de una lesión cerebral" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/seguimiento-de-los-sintomas-despues-de-una-lesion-cerebral" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/tracking-symptoms-after-brain-injury">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas persistentes posteriores a una conmoción cerebral (síndrome posconmocional)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo de recuperación para las concusiones en el deporte" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiempo-de-recuperacion-para-las-concusiones-en-el-deporte">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volver a tu centro de estudios después de una conmoción cerebral" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-concussions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-concussions.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes de un traumatismo cerebral?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are over 200 disorders that affect connective tissues. Examples include cellulitis, scars, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Learn more." title="Connective Tissue Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1411" language="English" date-created="12/28/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your connective tissue supports many different parts of your body, such as your skin, eyes, and heart. It is like a "cellular glue" that gives your body parts their shape and helps keep them strong. It also helps some of your tissues do their work. It is made of many kinds of proteins. Cartilage and fat are types of connective tissue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over 200 disorders that impact connective tissue. There are different types:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetic disorders, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html"&gt;Ehlers-Danlos syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marfansyndrome.html"&gt;Marfan syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html"&gt;osteogenesis imperfecta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Autoimmune disorders, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html"&gt;scleroderma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancers, like some types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html"&gt;soft tissue sarcoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each disorder has its own symptoms and needs different treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1834" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del tejido conectivo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003240">Connective Tissue Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cartilagedisorders.html" id="1412">Cartilage Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html" id="1594">Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html" id="82">Lupus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/marfansyndrome.html" id="939">Marfan Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="940">Osteogenesis Imperfecta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html" id="394">Scleroderma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="495">Soft Tissue Sarcoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mixed Connective Tissue Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>PXE</see-reference>
<site title="Achondrogenesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001247.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achondrogenesis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/achondrogenesis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arterial tortuosity syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arterial-tortuosity-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/buschke-ollendorff-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Connective Tissue Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Connective+Tissue+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mixed Connective Tissue Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mixed+Connective+Tissue+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pseudoxanthoma+Elasticum%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital contractural arachnodactyly: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-contractural-arachnodactyly">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Connective Tissue Disorders: Recognizing and Treating Structural Defects" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/09/connective-tissue-disorders">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cutis Laxa" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/connective-tissue-disorders-in-children/cutis-laxa" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-del-tejido-conjuntivo-en-ni%C3%B1os/piel-laxa-cutis-laxa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cutis laxa: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cutis-laxa">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Czech dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloepiphyseal-dysplasia-with-metatarsal-shortening">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diastrophic Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dupuytrens contracture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001233.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ellis-Van Creveld Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglion Cyst" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyaline-fibromatosis-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypochondrogenesis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypochondrogenesis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kniest Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kniest dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kniest-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lateral meningocele syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lateral-meningocele-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipoma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lipoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20374470?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Loeys-Dietz Syndrome" url="https://marfan.org/conditions/loeys-dietz/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Loeys-Dietz syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/loeys-dietz-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mixed Connective Tissue Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20375147?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20375147?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/otospondylomegaepiphyseal-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/platyspondylic-lethal-skeletal-dysplasia-torrance-type">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pseudoxanthoma-elasticum">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Connective tissue disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Connective+Tissue+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shprintzen-goldberg-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloepimetaphyseal-dysplasia-strudwick-type">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita (SEDc) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloepiphyseal-dysplasia-congenita">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloperipheral dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloperipheral-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stickler syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stickler-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Chondromatosis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/synovial-chondromatosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Systemic scleroderma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-scleroderma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease (UCTD)" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/uctd-undifferentiated-connective-tissue-disease?modal=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weill-Marchesani syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/weill-marchesani-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/weissenbacher-zweymuller-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Feeling &quot;backed-up&quot; or like you need to &quot;go&quot; but just can't? Read some of the reasons why this could be happening and learn some prevention tips." title="Constipation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html" id="200" language="English" date-created="02/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Constipation means that a person has three or fewer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html"&gt;bowel movements&lt;/a&gt; in a week. The stool can be hard and dry. Sometimes it is painful to pass. At one time or another, almost 
everyone gets constipated. In most cases, it lasts a short time and is not serious. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many things you can do to prevent constipation. They include 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Eating more fruits, vegetables and grains, which are high in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fiber&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Drinking plenty of water and other liquids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Getting enough exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Taking time to have a bowel movement when you need to&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Using laxatives only if your doctor says you should&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Asking your doctor if medicines you take may cause constipation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's not important that you have a bowel movement every day. If your bowel habits change, however, check with your doctor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html" id="1835" language="Spanish">Estreñimiento</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003248">Constipation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/constipation.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html" id="3059">Dietary Fiber</related-topic>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowel retraining" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003971.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Constipation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Constipation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Constipation" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/constipation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/constipation.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Constipation (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/constipation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/constipation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Constipation - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000120.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Constipation - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000214.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Constipation and Defecation Problems" url="https://gi.org/topics/constipation-and-defection-problems/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Constipation in infants and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003125.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definition and Facts for Constipation" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/definition-facts">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definition and Facts for Constipation in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/definition-facts" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos/definicion-informacion">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Constipation" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Constipation in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos/diagnostico">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for Constipation" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/eating-diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for Constipation in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/eating-diet-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos/alimentacion-dieta-nutricion">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare at Home: Constipation" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/caregiver-guide-constipation-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elimination Problems or Constipation" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal impaction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000230.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed-and-flaxseed-oil">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Get More Fiber in Your Diet" url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Constipation" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Pages/Infant-Constipation.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Paginas/Infant-Constipation.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI X-Ray (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Over the Counter Laxatives for Constipation: Use with Caution" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/constipation/in-depth/laxatives/ART-20045906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/constipation/in-depth/laxatives/art-20045906?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Constipation: Are Stool Softeners Safe?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Constipation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Constipation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Prolapse Expanded Information" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse-expanded-version">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome - Symptoms and causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Constipation" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Constipation in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tenesmus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003131.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total abdominal colectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007379.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Constipation" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Constipation in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos/tratamiento">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las drogas incluyen medicamentos recetados y de venta libre, alcohol, tabaco y sustancias ilegales. Su uso repetido o mal utilizado puede provocar adicción." title="Consumo de drogas y la adicción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html" id="1869" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Abuso de drogas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las drogas son sustancias químicas que pueden cambiar el funcionamiento de su cuerpo y mente. Incluyen medicamentos recetados, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos de venta libre&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;tabaco &lt;/a&gt;y drogas ilegales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el consumo de drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El consumo o uso indebido de drogas incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Uso de sustancias ilegales, como:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;Esteroides anabólicos&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html"&gt;Drogas de club&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html"&gt;Cocaína&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html"&gt;Heroína&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html"&gt;Inhalantes&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html"&gt;Marihuana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html"&gt;Metanfetaminas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt; Uso indebido de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;medicinas recetadas&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioides&lt;/a&gt;. Esto significa tomar medicamentos de una manera diferente a la prescrita por el profesional de la salud. Incluye:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar un medicamento recetado para otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tomar una dosis mayor que la recomendada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar el medicamento de una forma diferente de la que debe hacerlo. Por ejemplo, en lugar de tragar sus tabletas, puede aplastarlas y luego inhalarlas o inyectarlas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Usar el medicamento para otro propósito, como drogarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uso indebido de medicamentos de venta libre, incluyendo usarlos para otro propósito y usarlos de una forma diferente a la que se supone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;El consumo de drogas es peligroso. Puede dañar su cerebro y cuerpo, a veces en forma permanente. Puede herir a las personas que le rodean, incluyendo amigos, familia, niños y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;bebés no nacidos&lt;/a&gt;. El consumo de drogas también puede conducir a la adicción.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la drogadicción?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La adicción a las drogas es una enfermedad cerebral crónica. Hace que una persona tome drogas repetidamente, a pesar del daño que provoca. El uso repetido de drogas puede cambiar el cerebro y provocar adicción.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los cambios cerebrales de la adicción pueden ser duraderos, por lo que la adicción a las drogas se considera una enfermedad "recurrente". Esto significa que las personas en recuperación corren el riesgo de volver a consumir drogas, incluso después de años de no tomarlas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Todos quienes consumen drogas se vuelven adictos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todos quienes usan drogas se vuelven adictos. El cuerpo y cerebro de cada persona es diferente, por lo que su reacción a las drogas también puede ser diferente. Algunas personas pueden volverse adictas rápidamente, o puede ocurrir con el tiempo. Otras personas nunca se vuelven adictas. Que alguien se vuelva adicto o no depende de muchas cosas, incluyendo factores genéticos, ambientales y del desarrollo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de la adicción a las drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Varios factores de riesgo pueden hacer que sea más propenso a volverse adicto a las drogas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su biología&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas pueden reaccionar a las drogas de manera diferente. A algunas personas les gusta la sensación la primera vez que prueban una droga y quieren más. Otros odian cómo se sienten y nunca lo vuelven a intentar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas de salud mental&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas que tienen problemas de salud mental no tratados, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad&lt;/a&gt; (TDAH) tienen más probabilidades de volverse adictas. Esto puede suceder porque el consumo de drogas y los problemas de salud mental afectan las mismas partes del cerebro. Además, las personas con estos problemas pueden usar drogas para tratar de sentirse mejor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas en el hogar&lt;/strong&gt;: Si su hogar es un lugar poco feliz o lo era cuando era niño, es más probable que tenga un problema de drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas en la escuela, trabajo o al hacer amigos&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede usar drogas para distraerse de estos problemas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Andar con otras personas que usan drogas&lt;/strong&gt;: Ellos podrían alentarlo a probar drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comenzar a consumir drogas cuando es joven&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando los niños usan drogas, afecta cómo sus cuerpos y cerebros terminan de crecer. Esto aumenta sus posibilidades de volverse adicto cuando es adulto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las señales de que alguien tiene un problema de drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las señales de que alguien tiene un problema de drogas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambiar mucho de amigos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pasar mucho tiempo solo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Perder interés en sus cosas favoritas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No cuidarse a sí mismos, por ejemplo, no tomar duchas, no cambiarse de ropa ni lavarse los dientes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse muy cansado y triste&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer más o menos de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tener mucha energía, hablar rápido o decir cosas que no tienen sentido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Estar de mal humor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pasar rápidamente entre sentirse mal y sentirse bien&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dormir a horas extrañas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ausentarse de citas o compromisos importantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas en el trabajo o la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener problemas en las relaciones personales o familiares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la drogadicción?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la adicción a las drogas incluyen consejería, medicamentos o ambos. La investigación muestra que combinar medicamentos con consejería brinda a la mayoría de las personas la mejor oportunidad de éxito.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La consejería puede ser terapia individual, familiar y / o grupal. Puede ayudar a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Comprender por qué se volvió adicto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Observar cómo las drogas cambiaron su comportamiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aprender a lidiar con sus problemas para no volver a usar drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aprender a evitar lugares, personas y situaciones en las que podría sentirse tentado a usar drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos pueden ayudar con los síntomas de abstinencia. Para la adicción a ciertas drogas existen medicamentos que pueden ayudar a restablecer la función cerebral normal y disminuir la ansiedad por consumir drogas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un trastorno mental además de una adicción, se conoce como diagnóstico dual. Es importante tratar ambos problemas para aumentar las posibilidades de éxito del tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una adicción severa, es posible que necesite tratamiento hospitalario o residencial. Los programas de tratamiento residencial combinan servicios de vivienda y tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el consumo de drogas y la adicción?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible prevenir el consumo de drogas y la adicción. Los programas de prevención que involucran a familias, escuelas, comunidades y los medios de comunicación pueden prevenir o reducir el consumo de drogas y la adicción. Estos programas incluyen educación y divulgación para ayudar a las personas a comprender los riesgos del consumo de drogas.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html" id="30" language="English">Drug Use and Addiction</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html" id="1829">Cocaína</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html" id="1828">Drogas de club</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsandyoungpeople.html" id="4960">Drogas y menores de edad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html" id="1740">Esteroides anabólicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html" id="1953">Heroína</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html" id="4158">Inhalantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html" id="2024">Marihuana</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html" id="1737">Metanfetamina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="1733">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="2278">Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alucinógenos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drogas, Abuso de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Metadona</see-reference>
<see-reference>Narcóticos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Opioides</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de los medicamentos para la tos y el resfriado (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso de sustancias" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/abuso-de-sustancias-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudando a sanarse a sí misma: Mujeres en recuperación del abuso infantil" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4133.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4132.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabinoides sintéticos" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/los-cannabinoides-sinteticos" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cannabinoids">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catinonas sintéticas (sales de baño)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/catinonas-sinteticas-sales-de-bano" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cathinones-bath-salts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conducir bajo el efecto de las drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/conducir-bajo-el-efecto-de-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de drogas entre los adultos mayores" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publications/el-consumo-de-drogas-entre-los-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/substance-use-in-older-adults-drugfacts">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de sustancias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001945.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo identificar el instrumental de las drogas" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Control de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y recuperación de la drogadicción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002149.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogadicción (trastorno de consumo de sustancias)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-causes/syc-20365112?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-causes/syc-20365112?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogas psicodélicas y disociativas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/drogas-psicodelicas-disociativas" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drogas y menores de edad: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsandyoungpeople.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drogas, el cerebro y la conducta: La ciencia de la adicción" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/las-drogas-el-cerebro-y-la-conducta-la-ciencia-de-la-adiccion/prefacio" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/addiction-science/drugs-brain-behavior-science-of-addiction">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfrentar los problemas con las drogas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/enfrentar-los-problemas-con-las-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/06/dealing-drug-problems">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo el uso de drogas y la adicción" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/entendiendo-el-uso-de-drogas-y-la-adiccion" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen toxicológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003578.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indice de drogas" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/drogas" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Control de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intervención: Ayuda a un ser querido a superar una adicción" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/art-20047451?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/ART-20047451?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kratom" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-kratom" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/kratom">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/prevencion" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en casos de drogadicción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000016.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de drogas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003364.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sales de baño: Lo que los padres necesitan saber" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-bath-salts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-bath-salts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis e intoxicación con barbitúricos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000951.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sustancias de abuso habitual" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/sustancias-de-abuso-habitual" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias y estadísticas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/las-tendencias-y-estadisticas" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar medicamentos de manera segura después de la recuperación del abuso de alcohol o drogas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicacion-segura-despues-del-abuso-de-alcohol-o-drogas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/taking-medicines-safely-after-alcohol-or-drug-abuse-recovery/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de consumo de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001522.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos por uso de sustancias: Obtenga información y busque apoyo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/trastornos-por-uso-de-sustancias-obtenga-informacion-y-busque-apoyo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/substance-use-disorders-get-the-facts-and-find-support">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Una mejor forma de decirlo: El lenguaje estigmatizante afecta la forma de tratar la adicción" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/una-mejor-forma-de-decirlo-el-lenguaje-estigmatizante-afecta-la-forma-de-tratar-la-adiccion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-better-way-to-say-that-stigmatizing-language-affects-how-we-treat-addiction">
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de las drogas psicodélicas y disociativas como medicamentos" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-uso-de-las-drogas-psicodelicas-y-disociativas-como-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las drogadicción" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Xilacina" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-xilacina" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/xylazine">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Debería usted hablar con alguien sobre un problema relacionado con las drogas, el alcohol o la salud mental?" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4731.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA10-4585/SMA10-4585.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Áreas de investigación: Tratamiento" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La contaminación de interiores tiene los mismos efectos negativos en la salud que la contaminación ambiental. Las fuentes son el moho, pesticidas y más. " title="Contaminación de interiores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Calidad del aire interior en su hogar</also-called>
<also-called>Polución en casa</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Solemos pensar que la contaminación del aire ocurre en exteriores, pero el aire dentro de su casa u oficina también puede estar contaminado. Las fuentes de contaminación de interiores incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html"&gt;Moho&lt;/a&gt; y el polen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Humo del tabaco &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html"&gt;Productos del hogar&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticidas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Gases como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html"&gt;radón&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;monóxido de carbono&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Materiales usados en la construcción, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html"&gt;asbesto&lt;/a&gt;, formaldehído y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;plomo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A veces un grupo de personas tiene los mismos síntomas que parecen estar relacionados con haber estado un tiempo en un mismo edificio. Puede haber una causa específica, como en la enfermedad del legionario. A veces la causa no se puede encontrar. A esto se conoce como síndrome del edificio enfermo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los problemas con la calidad del aire en interiores solamente causan molestias y la mayoría de las personas se siente mejor al eliminar la fuente de contaminación. Sin embargo, algunos contaminantes pueden causar cuadros que se presentan mucho más tarde, como enfermedades respiratorias o cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Asegurarse de que su edificio está bien ventilado y eliminar los contaminantes puede mejorar la calidad del aire en interiores. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia de Protección Ambiental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537" language="English">Indoor Air Pollution</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html" id="1758">Asbesto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html" id="1760">Asma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html" id="1730">Contaminación del aire</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="1797">Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html" id="2000">Envenenamiento con plomo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html" id="2140">Inhalación pasiva de humo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html" id="2037">Moho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html" id="2085">Pesticidas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html" id="2117">Radón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Casa, Contaminación</see-reference>
<site title="Buenos hábitos de limpieza para quienes padecen de alergia y asma" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/buenos-habitos-de-limpieza-para-quienes-padecen-de">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo purificar el aire que provoca ataques de asma en interiores" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/10_steps_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la calidad del aire interior" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/introduccion-la-calidad-del-aire-interior" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpiadores y filtros de aire en el hogar" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/limpiadores-y-filtros-de-aire-en-el-hogar" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/air-cleaners-and-air-filters-home">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpieza después de la inundación y el aire en su hogar" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/documents/flood_booklet_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/iaq/flood/flood_booklet_en.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respire mejor: Cómo lidiar con la mala calidad del aire" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/respire-mejor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchos contaminantes pueden dañar ríos, riachuelos, lagos y océanos. Entérese sobre cómo los contaminantes afectan la salud." title="Contaminación del agua" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html" id="3173" language="Spanish" date-created="04/11/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos necesitamos agua potable. La gente la necesita para sembrar sus cosechas y operar las fábricas, así como para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html"&gt;beberla&lt;/a&gt; y a manera de recreo. Los peces y la vida salvaje dependen de ella para sobrevivir. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos contaminantes pueden dañar nuestros ríos, riachuelos, lagos y océanos. Los tres más comunes son el suelo, los nutrientes y las bacterias. La lluvia lava el suelo y la lleva a ríos y corrientes de agua. La suciedad del suelo puede matar animales diminutos y huevos de peces. Puede obstruir las branquias de los peces y bloquear la luz, matando las plantas. Los nutrientes, generalmente de los fertilizantes, causan problemas en los lagos, lagunas y presas acuíferas. El nitrógeno y el fósforo hacen crecer algas y pueden volver verde el agua. Las bacterias, frecuentemente de las aguas estancadas residuales, pueden contaminar el agua dulce o salada. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a proteger su suministro de agua:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No vierta productos para el hogar, como productos de limpieza, de belleza, medicamentos, fluidos automotrices, pintura y productos para el cuidado del césped por el desagüe. Llévelos a un punto de recogida de residuos peligrosos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deseche la grasa de exceso de hogar (grasas de la carne, la manteca de cerdo, aceite de cocina, manteca, mantequilla, margarina, entre otras) pañales, condones, y los productos de higiene personal en el tacho de la basura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limpie los desechos de sus mascotas, ya que contienen nutrientes y gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia de Protección Ambiental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html" id="3172" language="English">Water Pollution</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<site title="Aguas libres de basura" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/aguas-libres-de-basura">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calidad del agua subterránea" url="https://water.usgs.gov/gotita/earthgwquality.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos de la urbanización en la calidad del agua" url="https://water.usgs.gov/gotita/urbanquality.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos de la urbanización en la calidad del agua: Escurrimiento urbano" url="https://water.usgs.gov/gotita/urbanrun.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos de la urbanización y la agricultura en la calidad del agua: Nitrógeno" url="https://water.usgs.gov/gotita/urbannitrogen.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lluvia ácida: Sitio para estudiantes" url="https://www3.epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_students_spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plaguicidas en el agua subterránea" url="https://water.usgs.gov/gotita/pesticidesgw.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las emisiones de automóviles, los compuestos químicos de las fábricas, el polvo, polen y esporas de moho pueden contaminar el aire. Efectos en la salud. " title="Contaminación del aire" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html" id="1730" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Polución del aire</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La contaminación del aire es una mezcla de partículas sólidas y gases en el aire. Las emisiones de los automóviles, los compuestos químicos de las fábricas, el polvo, el polen y las esporas de moho pueden estar suspendidas como partículas. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ozone.html"&gt;ozono&lt;/a&gt;, un gas, es un componente fundamental de la contaminación del aire en las ciudades. Cuando el ozono forma la contaminación del aire también se denomina &lt;em&gt;smog&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos contaminantes del aire son tóxicos. Su inhalación puede aumentar las posibilidades de tener problemas de salud. Las personas con enfermedades del corazón o de pulmón, los adultos de más edad y los niños tienen mayor riesgo de tener problemas por la contaminación del aire. La polución del aire no ocurre solamente en el exterior: el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html"&gt;aire en el interior&lt;/a&gt; de los edificios también puede estar contaminado y afectar su salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia de Protección Ambiental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html" id="130" language="English">Air Pollution</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973">Contaminación de interiores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ozone.html" id="2070">Ozono</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/environmentalhealth.html" id="1887">Salud ambiental</related-topic>
<site title="Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE. UU." url="https://espanol.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calidad del aire" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/calidadaire/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/air-quality/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos de los contaminantes comunes del aire" url="https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/health-prof/EPA-poster-Spanish-2008.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Los investigadores están exponiendo las preocupantes consecuencias de la contaminación ambiental" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-investigadores-estan-exponiendo-las-preocupantes-consecuencias-de-la-contaminacion-ambiental" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/researchers-are-exposing-troubling-consequences-of-air-pollution">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mal día para el aire: La calidad del aire y su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-mal-dia-para-el-aire">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monóxido de carbono en exteriores" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/monoxido-de-carbono-en-exteriores">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polución del aire exterior: Posibles efectos en la salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/polucion-del-aire-exterior-posibles-efectos-en-la-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/first-aid/air-pollution.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas pulmonares y esmog volcánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007468.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respire mejor: Cómo lidiar con la mala calidad del aire" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/respire-mejor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los costos para la salud de la contaminación ambiental y qué podemos hacer al respecto?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuales-son-los-costos-para-la-salud-de-la-contaminacion-ambiental-y-que-podemos-hacer-al-respecto" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-are-the-health-costs-of-air-pollution-and-what-can-we-do-about-it">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Padece del corazón?" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/padece-del-corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/air-research/healthy-heart-toolkit-and-research-steps-you-can-take">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El control de la natalidad está diseñado para prevenir el embarazo. Entérese sobre los distintos tipos de anticoncepción." title="Control de la natalidad y contracepción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html" id="1773" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Anticoncepción</also-called>
<also-called>Métodos anticonceptivos</also-called>
<also-called>Prevenir un embarazo</also-called>
<also-called>Profilácticos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el control de la natalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El control de la natalidad, también conocido como anticoncepción, es el uso de medicamentos, dispositivos o cirugía para prevenir el embarazo. Hay muchos tipos diferentes. Algunos son reversibles, mientras que otros son permanentes. Algunos tipos también pueden ayudar a prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt; (ITS).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de anticonceptivos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay varios tipos diferentes de control de la natalidad y funcionan de diferentes maneras:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Métodos de barrera&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Condón masculino&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Funda delgada que cubre el pene para recolectar el esperma y evitar que entre en el cuerpo de la mujer. Los condones hechos de látex y poliuretano pueden ayudar a prevenir las ITS.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Condón femenino&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Funda de plástico delgada y flexible. Parte del condón se inserta en la vagina antes del coito para evitar que los espermatozoides entren en el útero. El útero es el lugar donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. Los condones femeninos también pueden ayudar a prevenir las ITS.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Esponja anticonceptiva&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Pequeña esponja que se coloca en la vagina para cubrir el cuello uterino (la abertura del útero). La esponja también contiene un espermicida para matar los espermatozoides.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Espermicida&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Sustancia que puede matar los espermatozoides. Puede ser una espuma, jalea, crema, supositorio o loción. Se coloca en la vagina cerca del útero. El espermicida se puede usar solo, con un diafragma o un capuchón cervical.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Diafragma y capuchón cervical&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Copas que se colocan dentro de la vagina para cubrir el cuello uterino. Se pueden usar con espermicida. Vienen en diferentes tamaños, por lo que es importante consultar a su profesional de la salud para determinar qué tamaño funciona mejor para usted.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Métodos hormonales&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Anticonceptivos orales ("la píldora")&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Pastillas que una mujer toma todos los días. Pueden contener solo progestina o progestina y estrógeno.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Parche anticonceptivo&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Parche que una mujer se pone en la piel cada semana. El parche libera hormonas en el torrente sanguíneo.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Anillo vaginal&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Anillo delgado y flexible. La mujer inserta el anillo en la vagina, donde libera hormonas continuamente durante tres semanas. Se retira en la cuarta semana. Luego, se pone un anillo nuevo.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Anticonceptivo inyectable&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Inyección de una hormona que una mujer recibe una vez cada tres meses. Esto se hace en el consultorio de su profesional de la salud.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Implante&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Varilla delgada que un profesional de la salud inserta debajo de la piel de la parte superior del brazo de una mujer. Se realiza en el consultorio de su proveedor. El implante puede durar cuatro años.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Anticonceptivos reversibles de larga duración&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Dispositivo intrauterino (DIU)&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Pequeño dispositivo en forma de T que un profesional de la salud inserta en el útero. Esto se hace en la oficina del proveedor. Los DIU pueden durar de 3 a 10 años. Hay dos tipos: DIU hormonales y DIU de cobre.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Esterilización&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuballigation.html"&gt;Ligadura de trompas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Cirugía que evita que una mujer quede embarazada. Es permanente&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasectomy.html"&gt;Vasectomía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Cirugía que evita que un hombre deje embarazada a una persona. Es permanente&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son algunas otras formas de prevención del embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen algunos tipos de prevención del embarazo que no involucran medicamentos, dispositivos ni cirugía:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th colspan="2"&gt;Otras formas de prevención del embarazo&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Métodos basados en el conocimiento de la fertilidad&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;También conocidos como métodos de ritmo natural. Implican hacer un seguimiento del ciclo de fertilidad de la mujer y evitar las relaciones sexuales o utilizar métodos de barrera en los días en que es más probable que quede embarazada. Este método puede tener tasas de embarazo más altas que otros tipos.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Método de amenorrea de la lactancia&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Una forma de contracepción natural para las madres que amamantan. Se basa en que la nueva madre alimente a su bebé solo con leche materna hasta por seis meses y no tenga períodos ni manchas durante ese tiempo.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Retiro&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Durante la relación sexual, el pene se retira de la vagina antes de la eyaculación. El objetivo es evitar que los espermatozoides entren en la vagina. Pero el esperma puede filtrarse antes de que se retire el pene, por lo que este método tiene tasas de embarazo más altas que otros tipos.&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la anticoncepción de emergencia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La anticoncepción de emergencia no es un método regular de control de la natalidad. Pero se puede usar para prevenir el embarazo después de una relación sexual sin protección o si se rompe un condón. Hay dos tipos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;DIU de cobre: Dispositivo pequeño en forma de T que un profesional de la salud inserta dentro de las 120 horas posteriores a la relación sexual sin protección&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Píldoras anticonceptivas de emergencia: Píldoras hormonales que la mujer toma lo antes posible después de una relación sexual sin protección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué más debo saber sobre el control de la natalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al decidir qué tipo de control de la natalidad es adecuado para usted, hay muchos factores diferentes a considerar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Quiere tener hijos algún día? ¿Qué tan pronto?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Tiene alguna afección de salud?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Con qué frecuencia tiene relaciones sexuales?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Cuántas parejas sexuales tiene?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Necesita también protección contra el VIH y otras ITS?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Qué tan bien funciona el método anticonceptivo?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Tiene algún efecto secundario?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Es capaz de usarlo correctamente cada vez?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Cuánto cuesta?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede responder sus preguntas sobre el control de la natalidad para ayudarla a seleccionar el mejor tipo para usted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" id="160" language="English">Birth Control</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuballigation.html" id="5819">Ligadura de trompas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186">Salud sexual del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasectomy.html" id="5822">Vasectomía</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anticonceptivos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Contracepción</see-reference>
<see-reference>Planificación familiar</see-reference>
<site title="Abstinencia sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abstinence.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abstinence.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anillo vaginal anticonceptivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-ring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-ring.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoncepción y control de la natalidad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/contraception/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contraception/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anticoncepción y control de la natalidad: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/contraception/masinformacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contraception/more_information/other-faqs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anticonceptivo de emergencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007014.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticonceptivos gestagénicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000656.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticonceptivos orales combinados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000655.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coito Interrumpido/Retirarse" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/coito-interruptus/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-condom.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-condom.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condones femeninos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004002.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condones masculinos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004001.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca sus derechos: Atención de la salud reproductiva" url="https://reproductiverights.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://reproductiverights.gov/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control natal y planificación familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001946.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tomar una decisión acerca de un DIU" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000774.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000774.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un condón" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/resources/como-usar-un-condon-1.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar un condón femenino (interno)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/resources/como-usar-un-condon-femenino-interno-1.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar una barrera bucal para tener sexo oral" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/resources/como-usar-una-barrera-bucal-1.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/resources/dental-dam.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depo-Provera: Un anticonceptivo inyectable" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depo-provera-un-anticonceptivo-inyectable/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/depo-provera-an-injectable-contraceptive/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diafragma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-diaphragm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-diaphragm.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo intrauterino (DIU)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007635.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007635.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo intrauterino (DIU)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dispositivo-intrauterino-diu/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/contraceptive/319.printerview.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="DIU" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-iud.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-iud.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ducha vaginal" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eficacia de los métodos anticonceptivos" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/infographics/eficacia-de-los-metodos-anticonceptivos" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/infographics/effectiveness-of-birth-control-methods">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esponja vaginal y los espermicidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004003.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre los métodos anticonceptivos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001946_109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001946_51.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu pareja sobre los condones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-about-condoms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-about-condoms.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implante anticonceptivo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/about-implantable-bc.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/about-implantable-bc.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección anticonceptiva" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-depo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-depo.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección anticonceptiva (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bc-shot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bc-shot.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcha atrás (retiro)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-withdrawal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-withdrawal.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Método anticonceptivo: Cómo usar el diafragma" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-usar-su-diafragma/?adfree=true?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/birth-control-how-to-use-your-diaphragm/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Método de interrupción del coito (coitus interruptus)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/withdrawal-method/about/pac-20395283?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/withdrawal-method/about/pac-20395283?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Métodos anticonceptivos" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Métodos anticonceptivos de barrera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100107_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100107_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Métodos anticonceptivos de liberación lenta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007555.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Métodos anticonceptivos ¿Cuál es su grado de eficacia?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bc-chart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bc-chart.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de métodos anticonceptivos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/opciones-de-anticoncepcion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/sex-birth-control/birth-control/birth-control-options.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de métodos anticonceptivos: Aspectos para considerar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/birth-control-options/art-20045571?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/birth-control-options/art-20045571?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parche anticonceptivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-patch.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-patch.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planificación familiar natural" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/metodos-naturales-de-planificacion-familiar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/natural-family-planning/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldora anticonceptiva" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-birth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-birth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldora del día después" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/morning-after-pill/about/pac-20394730?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/morning-after-pill/about/pac-20394730?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007460.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100108_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100108_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas de progestina solamente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pildoras-anticonceptivas-solo-de-progestina/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/progestin-only-birth-control-pills/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-pildoras-anticonceptivas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas: información general" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/pastillas-anticonceptivas/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de píldoras anticonceptivas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002599.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de anticonceptivos?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/contraception/informacion/tipos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contraception/conditioninfo/types">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tan efectiva es la anticoncepción masculina?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/anticoncepcion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/effective">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Alcanzar un peso saludable puede ayudarlo a controlar el colesterol, la presión arterial y azúcar en la sangre. Entérese cómo controlar el peso corporal." title="Control de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Dieta para mantener el peso</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué es importante el control del peso?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está luchando con su peso, no está solo. Más del 70% de los adultos en Estados Unidos tiene sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;. Tener este peso adicional aumenta el riesgo de muchos problemas de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renales&lt;/a&gt; y ciertos tipos de cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable puede ser un desafío, pero tener un estilo de vida saludable, incluyendo patrones de alimentación sanos y hacer actividad física regular; puede ayudarle a perder peso. También puede reducir la probabilidad de desarrollar problemas de salud relacionados con el peso.&lt;/p&gt;      

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué factores afectan el peso y la salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted aumenta de peso cuando consume más calorías (a través de alimentos y bebidas) de las que utiliza con la actividad física y la vida diaria. Pero hay muchos factores diferentes que pueden afectar el aumento de peso, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;El mundo que le rodea:&lt;/strong&gt; Su hogar, comunidad y lugar de trabajo pueden afectar la forma en la que se desenvuelve en su estilo de vida diario. Por ejemplo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A menudo es más fácil encontrar alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido de calorías, azúcar y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasa&lt;/a&gt;. Por ejemplo, las máquinas expendedoras, las cafeterías y los eventos especiales pueden no ofrecer opciones saludables y bajas en calorías&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Los alimentos menos saludables pueden ser más baratos que los alimentos más sanos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Muchas personas realizan menos actividad física porque pasan más tiempo usando teléfonos inteligentes y otros dispositivos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Familias:&lt;/strong&gt; El sobrepeso y la obesidad tienden a darse en familias. Esto sugiere que los genes pueden tener un papel en el aumento de peso. Las familias también pueden compartir hábitos alimenticios y de estilo de vida. Por ejemplo, a menudo algunas familias pueden consumir alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido de calorías, azúcar y grasa. Y ciertas familias pueden tender a ser menos activas y pasar más tiempo haciendo cosas como sentarse y mirar televisión o usar computadoras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No dormir lo suficiente:&lt;/strong&gt; Las personas que no duermen lo suficiente pueden consumir más calorías y comer más refrigerios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emociones:&lt;/strong&gt; Algunas personas comen cuando se sienten aburridas, tristes o estresadas, aunque no tengan hambre&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos y afecciones de salud:&lt;/strong&gt; Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; y ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;, puede causar aumento de peso. Algunos problemas de salud crónicos también pueden hacer que suba de peso. Algunos ejemplos son el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Cushing&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable implica encontrar un equilibrio entre la alimentación y sus actividades. Para perder peso, debe quemar más calorías de las que consume. Algunas formas de lograrlo son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer más alimentos ricos en nutrientes, como aquellos con muchas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer y beber menos alimentos y bebidas que tienen muchas calorías, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt;, azúcar y grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Encontrar formas más saludables de preparar los alimentos, como usar aceites más saludables para cocinar y hornear o asar a la parrilla en lugar de freír los alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer más &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física&lt;/a&gt;: La recomendación general es que los adultos realicen 150 minutos de actividad física cada semana, incluyendo: 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Actividad aeróbica, o cardio: Utiliza los grupos de músculos grandes (pecho, piernas y espalda) para acelerar el ritmo cardíaco y la respiración&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Actividad de fortalecimiento muscular, o entrenamiento de fuerza: Trabaja los músculos al empujar o jalar contra algo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede decidir hacer estos cambios de estilo de vida por su cuenta, o puede optar por probar una dieta o un programa para bajar de peso. Antes de comenzar, es importante consultar primero con su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor puede decirle cuál es un peso saludable para usted, ayudarle a establecer metas y darle sugerencias sobre cómo perder peso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si hacer cambios en el estilo de vida o seguir un programa para bajar de peso no son suficientes para ayudarle a perder peso, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos. Los medicamentos recetados para tratar el sobrepeso y la obesidad funcionan de diferentes maneras. Algunos pueden ayudar a sentirse menos hambriento o satisfecho antes. Otros pueden dificultar que su cuerpo absorba la grasa de los alimentos que come.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otro tratamiento es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;cirugía de pérdida de peso&lt;/a&gt;. Su proveedor puede recomendar esta cirugía si tiene obesidad severa o problemas de salud graves relacionados con la obesidad y no ha podido perder suficiente peso.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html" id="4925">Dietas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="1892">Ejercicio y estado físico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059">Obesidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html" id="5611">Peso corporal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html" id="1877">Trastornos de la alimentación</related-topic>
<site title="12 refrigerios saludables con 200 calorías o menos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000724.htm">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Adelgazamiento: Seis estrategias para el éxito" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20047752?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentos altamente procesados están relacionados con el aumento de peso" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-alimentos-altamente-procesados-estan-relacionados-con">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alimentos que arruinan dietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000812.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentos que potencian su dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000810.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprendamos sobre las calorías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/calorie.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Aumento de peso luego de dejar de fumar: qué hacer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bocadillos (snacks): 100 calorías o menos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/hundredcalories-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcule su índice de masa corporal" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cantidad de calorías en el menú" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/cantidad-de-calorias-en-el-menu">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco formas de alcanzar un peso saludable" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-tips.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coma saludable" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/comasaludable.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para una alimentación saludable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/features/healthy-eating-tips/index-es.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-escoger-programa-para-adelgazar-seguro-exitoso" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/choosing-a-safe-successful-weight-loss-program">
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<site title="Control de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers">
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</site>
<site title="Control de peso saludable: Equilibrar la alimentación y el ejercicio" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-de-peso-saludable">
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<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
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<site title="Control del peso" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/control-del-peso">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Controlar su peso con una alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Cuidar su metabolismo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuidar-su-metabolismo">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<site title="Cómo ayudar a su hijo a controlar el exceso de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/ayudar-su-hijo-controlar-exceso-peso" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/helping-your-child-who-is-overweight">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
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<site title="Cómo cambiar sus hábitos para tener una mejor salud" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health">
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<site title="Cómo evaluar su peso" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener las porciones bajo control" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/portions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/portions.html">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para pérdida rápida de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes y sustitutos del azúcar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007492.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de obesidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-obesidad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obesity-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000330_86.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000330_25.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Formas de quemar más calorías todos los días" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000894.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga actividad física" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/haga-actividad-fisica.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos saludables para bajar de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maneras saludables para subir de peso cuando éste es muy bajo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/maneras-saludables-para-subir-de-peso-cuando-este-es-muy-bajo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para bajar de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000346.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos recetados para bajar de peso" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-recetados-para-bajar-de-peso/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos recetados para tratar el sobrepeso y la obesidad" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/medicamentos-recetados-tratar-sobrepeso-obesidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/prescription-medications-treat-overweight-obesity">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitos y realidades sobre las dietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000895.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición y la pérdida de peso: Mitos y verdades" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/nutricion-perdida-peso-mitos-verdades" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/myths-nutrition-physical-activity">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición: Cómo llevar un diario de comida" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutricion-como-llevar-un-diario-de-comida/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/food-nutrition/healthy-food-choices/nutrition-keeping-a-food-diary.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad y el cáncer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/risk-factors/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/risk-factors/obesity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso y el alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000889.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso: Lo que funciona para mí" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/articles/perdida-de-peso-lo-que-funciona-para-mi.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras para bajar de peso de venta libre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20046409?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20046409?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Realidad del aumento de peso durante la menopausia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para los adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Refrigerios para adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos dietéticos para adelgazar" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tamaño de las porciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000337.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000337.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es el peso adecuado para mi altura?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-height.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-height.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuánto debo comer?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/cuanto-debo-comer" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/just-enough-food-portions">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible acelerar su metabolismo?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000893.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000893.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índice de masa corporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007196.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las convulsiones son síntomas de un problema cerebral y ocurren por una actividad eléctrica anormal súbita en el cerebro. Tipos, causas, tratamientos. " title="Convulsiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html" id="2141" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las convulsiones son síntomas de un problema cerebral. Ocurren por la aparición súbita de una actividad eléctrica anormal en el cerebro. Cuando las personas piensan en convulsiones, suelen imaginarse el cuerpo de una persona que se sacude rápida y sin control. No todas las convulsiones provocan estas sacudidas. Existen muchos tipos de convulsiones y algunos tienen síntomas leves. Las convulsiones se dividen en dos grupos principales. Las convulsiones focales, también llamadas convulsiones parciales, ocurren en una parte del cerebro. Las convulsiones generalizadas son el resultado de actividades anormales en ambos lados del cerebro. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las convulsiones duran de 30 segundos a dos minutos y no causan daños duraderos. Sin embargo, es una emergencia médica si las convulsiones duran más de cinco minutos o si una persona tiene muchas convulsiones y no se despierta entre éstas. Las convulsiones pueden tener muchas causas, entre las que se incluyen medicinas, fiebre alta, lesiones en la cabeza y ciertas enfermedades. Las personas que tienen convulsiones recurrentes debido a un trastorno cerebral tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsia&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html" id="396" language="English">Seizures</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html" id="1888">Epilepsia</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras epilepsia o convulsiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ausencias típicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000696.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003200.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones del lóbulo frontal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/convulsiones-febriles-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/febrile-seizures.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/convulsiones-febriles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000980.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000980.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000223.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsión del lóbulo temporal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsión tonicoclónica generalizada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000695.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis convulsivas (convulsiones)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/seizure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/seizure.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis de ausencia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/petit-mal-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20359683?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/petit-mal-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20359683?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis epiléptica parcial (focal)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000697.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a alguien que está teniendo una convulsión" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-ayudar-a-alguien-que-esta-teniendo-una-convulsion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-help-someone-who-is-having-a-seizure">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epilepsia mayor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/grand-mal-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20363458?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/grand-mal-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20363458?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epilepsias y las crisis: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/epilepsias-y-crisis-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/epilepsies-and-seizures-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación del nervio vago" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/vagus-nerve-stimulation/about/pac-20384565?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/vagus-nerve-stimulation/about/pac-20384565?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de convulsiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100212_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100212_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) makes it hard for you to breathe. At first symptoms are mild, but usually become more severe. Learn more." title="COPD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html" id="27" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Normally, the airways and air sacs in your lungs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, the airways bring air to the air sacs. The air sacs fill up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out. If you have COPD, less air flows in and out of your airways because of one or more problems:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The airways and air sacs in your lungs become less elastic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The airways make more mucus than usual and can become clogged&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;COPD includes two main types:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html"&gt;Emphysema&lt;/a&gt; affects the air sacs in your lungs, as well as the walls between them. They become damaged and are less elastic.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;Chronic bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;, in which the lining of your airways is constantly irritated and inflamed. This causes the lining to swell and make mucus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of COPD is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;cigarette smoke&lt;/a&gt; is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause COPD, especially if you inhale them.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to COPD. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;air pollution&lt;/a&gt;, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rarely, a genetic condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html"&gt;alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency&lt;/a&gt; can play a role in causing COPD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risk factors for COPD include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Smoking.&lt;/strong&gt; This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long-term exposure to other lung irritants&lt;/strong&gt;, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Most people who have COPD are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get COPD are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asthma.&lt;/strong&gt; People who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt; have more risk of developing COPD than people who don't have asthma. But most people with asthma will &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; get COPD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt; or a cough that produces a lot mucus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tightness in your chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with COPD get frequent respiratory infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;. In severe cases, COPD can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;swelling&lt;/a&gt; in your ankles, feet, or legs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Various tests, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/"&gt;lung function tests&lt;/a&gt;, a chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;, and blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose COPD based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family histories, and test results.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for COPD. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/strong&gt;, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat COPD.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt; to reduce inflammation.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Vaccines for the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with COPD are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, if you have severe COPD and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;An exercise program&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Disease management training&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Nutritional counseling&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Psychological counseling&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt;, usually as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;For COPD that is mainly related to emphysema, there are surgeries that 
			&lt;ul&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;Remove damaged lung tissue&lt;/li&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;Remove large air spaces (bullae) that can form when air sacs are destroyed. The bullae can interfere with breathing.&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;/ul&gt;
		&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;For severe COPD, some people may need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;lung transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have COPD, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Can COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since smoking causes most cases of COPD, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html" id="1836" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D029424">Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077">Breathing Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1608">Chronic Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html" id="3623">Emphysema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" id="5334">Oxygen Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</see-reference>
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<site title="Living Better with COPD" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/LivingBetterWith-COPD-2022_0.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Development May Explain Why Some Non-Smokers Get COPD and Some Heavy Smokers Do Not" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/lung-development-may-explain-why-some-non-smokers-get-copd-some-heavy-smokers-do-not">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Make peak flow a habit" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000046.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing COPD Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000066_26.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000066_87.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Your COPD Medications" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/treating/copd-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm: The Slime That Keeps You Healthy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicines for COPD" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/copd-medicines.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metered dose inhaler use - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100200_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100200_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nebulizer use - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100201_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100201_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Now That You Know It's COPD, Here's How to Breathe Better" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Breathing%20Better%20with%20a%20COPD%20Diagnosis_2018_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and COPD" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/living-with-copd/nutrition">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/oxygen-therapy">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy: Traveling with Oxygen" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/oxygen-therapy/traveling-with-oxygen">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peak flow meter use - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100202_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100202_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postural drainage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COPD" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pulmonary+Disease%2C+Chronic+Obstructive%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary function tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Path to Breathing Better" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/pulmonary-rehabilitation-path-breathing-better-infographic">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003828.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Problems in Asthma and COPD" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/sleep-problems-asthma-copd.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/sleep-problems-in-asthma-and-copd.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and COPD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000091_15.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000091_75.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spacer use - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100203_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100203_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/spirometry">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for COPD" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/treating/surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge of COPD Triggers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000091_59.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000091_107.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with Portable Oxygen" url="https://www.chestnet.org/sitecore%20modules/web/~/media/chesnetorg/Foundation/Documents/Traveling%20with%20Oxygen.ashx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Chest Physicians</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is COPD?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/copd" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/epoc">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Chronic illness can cause stress, anxiety, and anger. It is important to seek help and regain control. Learn about coping with chronic illness." title="Coping with Chronic Illness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithchronicillness.html" id="4208" language="English" date-created="09/08/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Having a long-term, or chronic, illness can disrupt your life in many ways. You may often be tired and in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;. Your illness might affect your appearance or your physical abilities and independence. You may not be able to work, causing financial problems. For children, chronic illnesses can be frightening, because they may not understand why this is happening to them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These changes can cause stress, anxiety, and anger. If they do, it is important to seek help. A trained counselor can help you develop strategies to regain a feeling of control. Support groups might help, too. You will find that you are not alone, and you may learn some new tips on how to cope.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may be able to manage your illness better if learn more about it. It is important to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html"&gt;evaluate the information&lt;/a&gt; that you find, to make sure that it is reliable. It is also important to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html"&gt;find a health care provider&lt;/a&gt; that you can trust.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithchronicillness.html" id="4209" language="Spanish">Sobrellevando una enfermedad crónica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002908">Chronic Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithchronicillness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="1540">Cancer--Living with Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html" id="5995">Chronic Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html" id="1502">Living with HIV</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chronic Illness, Coping</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Disease in Uncertain Times: Be Prepared and Plan Ahead" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/chronic-disease-uncertain-times" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-enfermedades-cronicas-en-tiempos-de-incertidumbre">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chronic Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chronic+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with a Diagnosis of Chronic Illness" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/coping-diagnosis?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/cronicas?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Help a Friend or Loved One Suffering from a Chronic Illness" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/help?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/cronico">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with a chronic illness - dealing with feelings" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000601.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with a chronic illness - reaching out to others" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000602.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Multiple Health Problems: What Older Adults Should Know" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-living-multiple-health-problems-what-older-adults-should-know">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Next Steps after Your Diagnosis: Finding Information and Support" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/resources/diagnosis/index.html" language-mapped-url="http://archive.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/diagnosis/diaginfo-esp/spdiagn.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Chronic Illness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Chronic+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Self-Management: Taking Charge of Your Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/self-management-taking-charge-of-your-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/manejo-personal-de-su-salud-usted-esta-a-cargo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding the Link Between Chronic Disease and Depression" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/chronic-illness-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/las-enfermedades-cronicas-y-la-salud-mental-como-reconocer-y-tratar-la-depresion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="No matter how well you prepared, you might feel dazed or numb after going through a disaster. Seek help if the reaction gets in the way of your life." title="Coping with Disasters" url="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3797" language="English" date-created="03/10/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;No matter how well you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;prepared&lt;/a&gt;, you might feel dazed or numb after going through a disaster. You may also feel sad, helpless, or anxious. In spite of the tragedy, you might just feel happy to be alive.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is not unusual to have bad memories or dreams. You may avoid places or people that remind you of the disaster. You might have trouble sleeping, eating, or paying attention. Many people have short tempers and get angry easily. These are all normal reactions to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the stress can be too much to handle alone. Some people have long-term problems after a disaster, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;Post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Self-blame&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Suicidal thoughts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Alcohol or drug misuse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your emotional reactions are getting in the way of your relationships, work, or other important activities, talk to a counselor or your health care provider. Treatments are available.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3798" language="Spanish">Enfrentarse con desastres</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004190">Disasters</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000223">Adaptation, Psychological</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<site title="Common Reactions After Trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping Tips for Traumatic Events and Disasters" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline/coping-tips">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with a Disaster or Traumatic Event" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/coping/index.asp" language-mapped-url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/coping/index.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disaster Distress Helpline" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline/espanol">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Effects of Disasters: Risk and Resilience Factors" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/types/disaster_risk_resilence.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Children and Adolescents Cope With Traumatic Events" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Disasters" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Disasters%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Adaptation%2C+Psychological%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The cornea is a clear layer that covers the front of the eye. It helps the eye focus, and keeps out germs and dust. Read about diseases of the cornea." title="Corneal Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cornealdisorders.html" id="5532" language="English" date-created="06/01/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your cornea is the outermost layer of your eye. It is clear and shaped like a dome. The cornea helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, dust, and other harmful matter. It also helps your eye to focus. If you wear contact lenses, they float on top of your corneas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Problems with the cornea include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;Refractive errors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Allergies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dystrophies - conditions in which parts of the cornea lose clarity due to a buildup of cloudy material&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments of corneal disorders include medicines, corneal transplantation, and corneal laser surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornealdisorders.html" id="5533" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la córnea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065306">Corneal Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003316">Corneal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornealdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html" id="4398">Eye Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html" id="492">Eye Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html" id="946">Refractive Errors</related-topic>
<site title="American Foundation for the Blind" url="https://www.afb.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-bacterial-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-bacteriana">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Corneal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Corneal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Corneal Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Corneal+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cloudy cornea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003317.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complete LCAT deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/complete-lcat-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-stromal-corneal-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cornea Transplant" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cornea-transplant/about/pac-20385285?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Abrasion" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/corneal-abrasion?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Abrasions" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/corneal-abrasions">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Abrasions (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/corneal-abrasions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/corneal-abrasions.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Conditions" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/corneal-conditions">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Foreign Body" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/corneal-foreign-body?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001017.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Laceration" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-corneal-laceration" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-una-laceracion-de-la-cornea">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corneal transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003008.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000243.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100082_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100082_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Ulcer (Keratitis)" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/corneal-ulcer" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ulcera-de-la-cornea">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal ulcers and infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001032.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/sindrome-del-ojo-seco">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Infections from Contact Lenses" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/contact-lens-related-eye-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/infecciones-relacionadas-con-lentes-de-contacto-2">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Problems: Symptom Checker Flowchart" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Symptoms" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fish-eye disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fish-eye-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fluorescein eye stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003845.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fuchs dystrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007295.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fuchs endothelial dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fuchs-endothelial-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fuchs' Dystrophy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fuchs-dystrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352727?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-fungal-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-fungica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial keratitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001609.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Keratoconus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001013.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keratoconus Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://nkcf.org/keratoconus-frequently-asked-questions/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Keratoconus Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keratoconus Treatment Options" url="https://nkcf.org/treatment-options-for-keratoconus-focus-on-correcting-the-distorted-vision-caused-by-the-thinning-and-bulging-of-the-cornea/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Keratoconus Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keratoconus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/keratoconus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lattice corneal dystrophy type I: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lattice-corneal-dystrophy-type-i">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lattice corneal dystrophy type II: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lattice-corneal-dystrophy-type-ii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meesmann corneal dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meesmann-corneal-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/corneal-disorders/peripheral-ulcerative-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-c%C3%B3rnea/queratitis-ulcerativa-perif%C3%A9rica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peters anomaly: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/peters-anomaly">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peters plus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/peters-plus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Corneal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shingles" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shingles/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/culebrilla-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pinguecula and a Pterygium (Surfer's Eye)?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/pinguecula-pterygium" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/pinguecula-pterigio">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Herpes Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/herpes-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-herpetica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Corns and calluses are areas of thick skin, usually on the hands and feet. They happen because of repeated pressure or friction. Read about treatment." title="Corns and Calluses" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html" id="5833" language="English" date-created="07/27/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Corns and calluses are caused by pressure or friction on your skin. They often appear on feet where the bony parts of your feet rub against your shoes. Corns usually appear on the tops or sides of toes while calluses form on the soles of feet. Calluses also can appear on hands or other areas that are rubbed or pressed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Wearing shoes that fit better or using non-medicated pads may help. While bathing, gently rub the corn or callus with a washcloth or pumice stone to help reduce the size. To avoid infection, do not try to shave off the corn or callus. See your doctor, especially if you have diabetes or circulation problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html" id="5834" language="Spanish">Callos y callosidades</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002145">Callosities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Calluses</see-reference>
<site title="10 Points of Proper Shoe Fit: How Do You Find the Right Shoes?" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/10-points-of-proper-shoe-fit">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Podiatric Medical Association" url="https://www.apma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blisters, Calluses, and Corns" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blisters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blisters.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001231.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunions (Hallux Abducto Valgus)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Callus" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/callus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Callosities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Callosities%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corn" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/corn-clavus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corns and calluses" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001232.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corns and Calluses" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=1346">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Foot Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/foot-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/pies-piel">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hammertoe" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hammertoe" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hammertoe?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Treat Corns and Calluses" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/burns/treat-corns-calluses?NoAds">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corns and Calluses" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Callosities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Feet" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/foot-ankle-health/taking-care-of-your-feet">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about coronary artery bypass surgery (or graft, CABG). It uses blood vessels from other areas of the body to bypass narrowed heart arteries." title="Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Bypass surgery</also-called>
<also-called>CABG</also-called>
<also-called>Coronary artery bypass graft</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (CAD), the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart muscle grow hardened and narrowed. You may try treatments such as lifestyle changes, medicines, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplasty&lt;/a&gt;, a procedure to open the arteries.  If these treatments don't help, you may need coronary artery bypass surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The surgery creates a new path for blood to flow to the heart.  The surgeon takes a healthy piece of vein from the leg or artery from the chest or wrist.  Then the surgeon attaches it to the coronary artery, just above and below the narrowed area or blockage. This allows blood to bypass (get around) the blockage. Sometimes people need more than one bypass.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The results of the surgery usually are excellent. Many people remain symptom-free for many years. You may need surgery again if blockages form in the grafted arteries or veins or in arteries that weren't blocked before.  Lifestyle changes and medicines may help prevent arteries from becoming clogged again.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233" language="Spanish">Bypass de la arteria coronaria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001026">Coronary Artery Bypass</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" id="3167">Angioplasty</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html" id="4119">Heart Surgery</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bypass Surgery</see-reference>
<see-reference>CABG</see-reference>
<see-reference>Coronary Artery Bypass Graft</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Coronary Artery Bypass" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=coronary+artery+bypass&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Bypass" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/coronary-artery-bypass/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/bypass-coronario/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Disease: Angioplasty or Bypass Surgery?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/FAQ-20058302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/faq-20058302?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocoroct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Anatomy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart bypass surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000065.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart bypass surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002946.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart bypass surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000102.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart bypass surgery - minimally invasive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart bypass surgery - minimally invasive - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000103.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart bypass surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100190_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100190_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Limited-Access Heart Surgery" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/limited-access-heart-surgery/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cirugia-cardiaca-de-minimo-acceso/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Coronary+Artery+Bypass%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Coronary Bypass Surgery?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-coronary-bypass-surgery.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to Expect After Heart Surgery" url="https://www.sts.org/sites/default/files/AHSBrochureFinal.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It can lead to angina and heart attack. Read about symptoms and tests." title="Coronary Artery Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276" language="English" date-created="04/04/2000">
<also-called>CAD</also-called>
<also-called>Coronary arteriosclerosis</also-called>
<also-called>Coronary atherosclerosis</also-called>
<also-called>Coronary heart disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It is the leading cause of death in the United States in both men and women.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CAD happens when the arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. This is due to the buildup of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; and other material, called plaque, on their inner walls. This buildup is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. As it grows, less blood can flow through the arteries. As a result, the heart muscle can't get the blood or oxygen it needs. This can lead to chest pain (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt;) or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.  Most heart attacks happen when a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; suddenly cuts off the hearts' blood supply, causing permanent heart damage.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over time, CAD can also weaken the heart muscle and contribute to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmias&lt;/a&gt;. Heart failure means the heart can't pump blood well to the rest of the body. Arrhythmias are changes in the normal beating rhythm of the heart.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003324">Coronary Artery Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/coronaryarterydisease.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html" id="142">Angina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400">Atherosclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202">Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arteriosclerosis, Coronary</see-reference>
<see-reference>Atherosclerosis, Coronary</see-reference>
<see-reference>CAD</see-reference>
<see-reference>Coronary Arteriosclerosis</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Coronary Syndrome" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/acute-coronary-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute coronary syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007639.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent - heart - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent placement - heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007473.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atherosclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000171.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000171.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Coronary Artery Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Coronary+Artery+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003876.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Arteries" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/the-coronary-arteries/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/las-arterias-coronarias/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary artery disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000037.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-las-arterias-coronarias-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Disease (Heart Attack)" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/coronary-artery-disease-heart-attack">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Geriatrics Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Disease - Coronary Heart Disease" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/coronary-artery-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Disease Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007115_34.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007115_117.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Disease: Angioplasty or Bypass Surgery?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/FAQ-20058302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/faq-20058302?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary artery spasm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000159.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocoroct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary heart disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007115.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug-Eluting Stents: Do They Increase Heart Attack Risk?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/ART-20044911?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/art-20044911?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease in Women: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Information Center" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart PET scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007343.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Procedures and Surgeries" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack/cardiac-procedures-and-surgeries">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Heart Disease: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="hs-CRP Test (C-Reactive Protein High-Sensitivity)" url="https://www.testing.com/tests/high-sensitivity-c-reactive-protein-hs-crp/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Hypertensive heart disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000163.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intravascular Ultrasound" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/intravascular-ultrasound/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ultrasonido-intravascular/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Left heart catheterization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003871.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with heart disease and angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocardial Ischemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nuclear stress test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007201.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary artery disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Coronary+Artery+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screening for Coronary Heart Disease with Electrocardiography" url="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFileByID/1883">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002303.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="VLDL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulnerable Plaque" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vulnerable-plaque/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/placa-vulnerable/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Werner syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/werner-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Stents?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stents" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/endoprotesis">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Atherosclerosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atherosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aterosclerosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Coronary Heart Disease?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cardiopatia-coronaria">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know if You Have Coronary Artery Disease" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.019836">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los esteroides anabólicos son sustancias sintéticas relacionadas con las hormonas sexuales masculinas. Entérese sobre sus usos médicos y sus peligros." title="Corticoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html" id="4558" language="Spanish" date-created="04/23/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es posible que haya oído acerca de los esteroides anabólicos, que se sabe pueden tener efectos nocivos. Pero existe otro tipo de esteroides, también llamados corticoides, que trata una variedad de problemas. Estos corticoides son similares a las hormonas que producen las glándulas suprarrenales para combatir el estrés relacionado con enfermedades y traumatismos. Reducen la inflamación y a la vez afectan el sistema inmunitario. Es posible que deba tomar corticoides para tratar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Artritis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Asma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades autoinmunes como el lupus y la esclerosis múltiple &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Afecciones de la piel, tales como eccema y erupciones cutáneas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Algunos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los corticoides son medicinas potentes que tienen efectos secundarios, incluso puede debilitar los huesos y causar cataratas. Por este motivo, se suelen indicar por períodos lo más cortos posibles.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html" id="4557" language="English">Steroids</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html" id="1722">Enfermedad de Addison</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4319">Síndrome de Cushing</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corticosteroide</see-reference>
<see-reference>Esteroides</see-reference>
<site title="Corticosteroides" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/corticosteroids.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Corticosteroids.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corticosteroides inhalados (ICS, por sus siglas en inglés) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/los-corticosteroides-inhalados-icss/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inhaled-corticosteroids-icss-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo dejar de tomar medicamentos esteroides sin peligro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dejar-de-tomar-medicamentos-esteroides-sin-peligro/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-stop-steroid-medicines-safely/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides orales" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/esteroides-orales">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides para tratar el cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/steroid-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/steroid-treatment.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de cortisona" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección de esteroides: Tendón, bolsa, articulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007678.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteoporosis-inducida-por-glucocorticoides" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prednisona y otros corticosteroides" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/steroids/art-20045692?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/ART-20045692?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de corticoesteroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002582.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cosmetics are products you use on your body to clean it, beautify it, or change how it looks. An example is makeup. Read about using cosmetics safely." title="Cosmetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cosmetics.html" id="503" language="English" date-created="12/29/1999">
<also-called>Makeup</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cosmetics are products you apply to your body to clean it, make it more attractive, or change the way it looks.  They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hair dyes &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Makeup &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Perfumes &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Skin-care creams &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cosmetics that treat or prevent diseases are also drugs. Products such as dandruff shampoo, fluoride toothpaste, and antiperspirant deodorant are both cosmetics and drugs. A good way to tell if you're buying a cosmetic that is also a drug is to see if the first ingredient listed is an "active ingredient." The active ingredient is the chemical that makes the product effective. The manufacturer must have proof that it's safe for its intended use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cosmetics can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergic reactions&lt;/a&gt;. The first sign is often red and irritated skin. Fragrances and preservatives are the most common causes of skin problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To find out all the ingredients in a cosmetic you use, check the container. Manufacturers are required to list them. Labels such as "natural" and "hypoallergenic" have no official meaning. Companies can use them to mean whatever they want. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cosmetics.html" id="1838" language="Spanish">Cosméticos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003358">Cosmetics</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cosmetics.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Makeup</see-reference>
<site title="Allergens in Cosmetics" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/allergens-cosmetics">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiperspirants/Deodorants and Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/antiperspirants-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-antitranspirantes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bubble bath soap poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002762.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing the Best Skin Care Products" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-care/choosing-the-best-skin-care-products">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold wave lotion poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002693.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cologne poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002694.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colored and Decorative Contact Lenses: A Prescription Is a Must" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/colored-and-decorative-contact-lenses-prescription-must" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/se-necesita-una-receta-medica-para-adquirir-lentes-de-contacto-cosmeticos-y-de-colores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contact dermatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000869.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cosmetics and Pregnancy" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/resources-consumers-cosmetics/cosmetics-pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cosmetics and Your Health" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/cosmetics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cosmetics Safety Q&amp;A: Shelf Life" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/resources-consumers-cosmetics/cosmetics-safety-qa-shelf-life">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuticle remover poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002695.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deodorant poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002696.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Cosmetic Safety" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/eye-cosmetic-safety">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Face powder poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002700.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Formaldehyde in Hair Smoothing Products: What You Should Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/formaldehyde-hair-smoothing-products-what-you-should-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-formaldehido-en-productos-para-suavizar-el-cabello-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fragrances in Cosmetics" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/fragrances-cosmetics">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair bleach poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002702.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Dye and Hair Relaxers" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/hair-dye-and-hair-relaxers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tintes-y-cremas-alisadoras-para-el-cabello-hair-dye-and-relaxers">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hair dye poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002703.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Dyes, Other Hair Products, and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/hair-dyes-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/hoja-informativa-tintes-para-cabello">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hair spray poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002705.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair straightener poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002706.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair tonic poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002707.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand lotion poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002708.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Safe Are Color Additives?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-safe-are-color-additives" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-tan-seguros-son-los-colorantes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Smart Are You about Cosmetics?" url="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/videos/CFSAN/costf/costf-1.html">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (or Is It Soap?)" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/it-cosmetic-drug-or-both-or-it-soap" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/96700/download">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Really FDA Approved?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/it-really-fda-approved" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/esta-realmente-aprobado-por-la-fda">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kohl, Kajal, Al-Kahal, Surma, Tiro, Tozali or Kwalli: By Any Name, Beware of Lead Poisoning" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/kohl-kajal-al-kahal-surma-tiro-tozali-or-kwalli-any-name-beware-lead-poisoning">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lip moisturizer poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002723.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipstick and Lead: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/limiting-lead-lipstick-and-other-cosmetics">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Makeup" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/makeup.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury Poisoning Linked to Skin Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mercury-poisoning-linked-skin-products" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/intoxicacion-por-mercurio-vinculada-productos-para-la-piel">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouthwash overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002666.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail Care Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/nail-care-products">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail polish poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002722.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Novelty Makeup" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/novelty-makeup">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Probing Personal Care Products: Look Out for Harmful Ingredients" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/08/probing-personal-care-products" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sondeo-de-productos-de-cuidado-personal">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cosmetics" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cosmetics%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shampoo - swallowing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002737.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shaving cream poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002717.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing soap" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002739.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talc" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/talc">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tattoos and Permanent Make-Up" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/tattoos-and-permanent-make" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tatuajes-y-maquillaje-permanente-tattoos-and-permanent-makeup">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toothpaste overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002745.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Use Eye Cosmetics Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/use-eye-cosmetics-safely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-uso-seguro-de-los-cosmeticos-para-los-ojos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Hair Dyes and Color during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los cosméticos pueden causar reacciones alérgicas u otros problemas. Entérese cómo usar los productos cosméticos en forma segura. " title="Cosméticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cosmetics.html" id="1838" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<also-called>Maquillaje</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los cosméticos son productos que se aplican en el cuerpo para limpiarlo, hacerlo más atractivo o cambiar su apariencia. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tintes para el cabello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;		Maquillaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;		Perfumes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cremas para el cuidado de la piel &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Productos como champú anticaspa, pasta de dientes con flúor o desodorante antitranspirante son tanto cosméticos como medicamentos. Una buena manera de saber si está comprando un cosmético que también es un fármaco es ver el primer ingrediente mencionado como "ingrediente activo." El ingrediente activo es la sustancia química que hace que el producto sea eficaz. El fabricante debe tener una prueba que es sano para el uso que pretende darle. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los cosméticos pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;reacciones alérgicas&lt;/a&gt;. La primera señal es a menudo piel roja o irritada. Fragancias y preservativos son las causas más comunes de problemas de la piel. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para averiguar todos los ingredientes de un cosmético, revise el envase. Los fabricantes están obligados a mencionarlos. Las etiquetas como "natural" e "hipoalergénico" no tienen un significado oficial. Las empresas pueden usarlas para indicar lo que mejor les parezca.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cosmetics.html" id="503" language="English">Cosmetics</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Antitranspirantes o desodorantes y el cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-antitranspirantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/antiperspirants-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cosméticos" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/resources-you-cosmetics/informacion-con-cosmeticos-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/forconsumers/consumerupdates/ucm149191.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo denunciar problemas con los productos y presentar quejas ante la FDA" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-denunciar-problemas-con-los-productos-y-presentar-quejas-ante-la-fda" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm095859.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis de contacto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Formaldehído en productos para suavizar el cabello: lo que debe saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-formaldehido-en-productos-para-suavizar-el-cabello-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/formaldehyde-hair-smoothing-products-what-you-should-know">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingestión de champú" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002737.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingestión de jabón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002739.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con aclaradores para el cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002702.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con alisadores para el cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002706.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con colonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002694.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con crema de afeitar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002717.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con desodorantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002696.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con esmalte para uñas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002722.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con humectantes de labios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002723.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con jabones para baños de espuma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002762.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con laca en aerosol para el cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002705.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con loción para las manos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002708.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con loción para permanente en frío" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002693.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con mercurio vinculada a productos para la piel" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/intoxicacion-por-mercurio-vinculada-productos-para-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mercury-poisoning-linked-skin-products">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con polvo facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002700.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con removedor de cutícula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002695.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con tinturas para el cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002703.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con tónico capilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002707.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necesita una receta médica para adquirir lentes de contacto cosméticos y &quot;de colores&quot;" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/se-necesita-una-receta-medica-para-adquirir-lentes-de-contacto-cosmeticos-y-de-colores" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/colored-and-decorative-contact-lenses-prescription-must">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos de cuidado personal: Preste atención a los ingredientes nocivos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sondeo-de-productos-de-cuidado-personal" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/08/probing-personal-care-products">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de dentífrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002745.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de enjuague bucal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002666.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tatuajes y maquillaje permanente" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tatuajes-y-maquillaje-permanente-tattoos-and-permanent-makeup" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/tattoos-and-permanent-make">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tintes para el cabello y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/hoja-informativa-tintes-para-cabello" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/hair-dyes-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tintes y cremas alisadoras para el cabello" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tintes-y-cremas-alisadoras-para-el-cabello-hair-dye-and-relaxers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/hair-dye-and-hair-relaxers">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usar tintes para el cabello durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso seguro de cosméticos" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/resources-consumers-cosmetics/uso-seguro-de-los-cosmeticos">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso seguro de los cosméticos para los ojos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-uso-seguro-de-los-cosmeticos-para-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/use-eye-cosmetics-safely">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está realmente &quot;aprobado por la FDA&quot;?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/esta-realmente-aprobado-por-la-fda" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/it-really-fda-approved">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tan seguros son los colorantes?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-tan-seguros-son-los-colorantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-safe-are-color-additives">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Coughing helps your body heal or protect itself. There are two types of coughs: acute and chronic. Learn the causes of chronic cough." title="Cough" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html" id="1543" language="English" date-created="10/03/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Coughing is a reflex that keeps your throat and airways clear.  Although it can be annoying, coughing helps your body heal or protect itself. Coughs can be either acute or chronic.  Acute coughs begin suddenly and usually last no more than 2 to 3 weeks.  Acute coughs are the kind you most often get with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;cold&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;acute bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;.  Chronic coughs last longer than 2 to 3 weeks.  Causes of chronic cough include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;Chronic bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;Asthma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;Allergies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; (gastroesophageal reflux disease) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html"&gt;Throat disorders&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html"&gt;croup&lt;/a&gt; in young children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some medicines &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Water can help ease your cough - whether you drink it or add it to the air with a steamy shower or vaporizer. If you have a cold or the flu, antihistamines may work better than non-prescription &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;cough medicines&lt;/a&gt;.   Children under four should not have cough medicine.  For children over four, use caution and read labels carefully.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003371">Cough</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html" id="5755">Acute Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077">Breathing Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1608">Chronic Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4961">Cold and Cough Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" id="6292">Croup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html" id="461">Whooping Cough</related-topic>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Cough" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-cough/symptoms-causes/syc-20351575?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Cough" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cough/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/tos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003072.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/cough/basics/definition/SYM-20050846?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/cough/basics/definition/sym-20050846?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough Culprits: What's the Difference Between Bronchitis and Pneumonia?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/05/cough-culprits" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-culpables-de-la-tos">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cough Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough in Children" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/cough-in-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/tos-infantil-consejos-para-recordar">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coughing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coughing up blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coughing up Blood" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/coughing-up-blood/basics/definition/SYM-20050934?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Croup: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Habits to Help Protect against Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevention/actions-prevent-flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/actions-prevent-flu.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Honey: An Effective Cough Remedy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/cough/expert-answers/honey/faq-20058031?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/cough/expert-answers/honey/faq-20058031?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Handle a Cough" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cough-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cough-sheet.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm: The Slime That Keeps You Healthy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cough" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cough%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Sputum Culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sputum Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003765.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a respiratory disease caused by a virus. It can be very contagious. Learn about symptoms, prevention, and treatment." title="COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181" language="English" date-created="08/18/2020">
<also-called>COVID-19</also-called>
<also-called>Coronavirus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. This virus is a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. It spreads when a person who has the infection breathes out droplets and very small particles that contain the virus. On this page, you'll find links to resources on important issues such as symptoms, risks, and how you can protect yourself and your family.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We also have pages on:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html"&gt;COVID-19 testing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html"&gt;COVID-19 vaccines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" tid="7807"&gt;Post-COVID conditions (long COVID)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
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<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7607">Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html" id="7627">COVID-19 Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" id="7647">COVID-19 Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html" id="4182">Germs and Hygiene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html" id="363">Pneumonia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7807">Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID)</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<site title="About MIS (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/mis/about.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Reinfection Covid-19" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/about/reinfection.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/reinfection.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beware of Fraudulent Coronavirus Tests, Vaccines, and Treatments" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-fraudulent-coronavirus-tests-vaccines-and-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-las-pruebas-vacunas-y-tratamientos-fraudulentos-para-el-coronavirus">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Community Respirators and Masks" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/publicppe/community-ppe.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/about-face-coverings.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007767.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Pregnancy FAQs" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): What Are Variants? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-delta-variant.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-delta-variant.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): What to Do If Your Child Is Sick" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-child-is-sick.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-child-is-sick.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus and &quot;Alternative&quot; Treatments: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/covid-19-and-alternative-treatments-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/covid-19-y-los-tratamientos-alternativos-lo-que-usted-debe-saber">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus and Your Health Coverage: Get the Basics" url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-overview.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-overview-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007768.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 - what to do when you are sick" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000975.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/illnesses-conditions/covid-19.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 and face masks" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000974.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 and the Nervous System" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/coronavirus-and-ninds/covid-19-and-nervous-system">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Guidance for the Public" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/covid/nhlbi-covid-19-guidance-public">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 symptoms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007770.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Treatment Information for Patients" url="https://aspr.hhs.gov/COVID-19/treatments/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 vaccine - what you need to know" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: How to Protect Yourself and Others" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: What People with Cancer Should Know" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-cancer-patient-information" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-informacion-personas-con-cancer">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Debunking COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Myths" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-myths/art-20485720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-myths/art-20485720?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting an Accurate Read on Pulse Oximeters" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and COVID-19" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How COVID-19 Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Test to Treat Works for Individuals and Families" url="https://aspr.hhs.gov/TestToTreat/Pages/process.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to protect yourself and others from COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000973.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It a Cold, the Flu, an RSV Infection, or COVID-19? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vs-cold.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-vs-cold.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Flu, COVID-19, Allergies, or a Cold?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ivermectin and COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ivermectin-and-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-ivermectina-y-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joining a Study" url="https://preventcovid.org/join-us/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.coronaviruspreventionnetwork.org/estudios-clinicos/">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>COVID-19 Prevention Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know Your Treatment Options for COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/know-your-treatment-options-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conozca-sus-opciones-de-tratamiento-contra-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000723.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mild to moderate COVID-19 - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000976.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/sindrome-inflamatorio-multisistemico-pediatrico">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH COVID-19 Research" url="https://covid19.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="People with Certain Medical Conditions and COVID-19 Risk Factors" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID): MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Respiratory Viruses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Spread of Respiratory Viruses When You're Sick" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/precautions-when-sick.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/precautions-when-sick.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22COVID-19%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Q&amp;A for Consumers: Hand Sanitizers and COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/qa-consumers-hand-sanitizers-and-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/preguntas-y-respuestas-para-los-consumidores-los-desinfectantes-para-las-manos-y-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Viruses and Older Adults" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/older-adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/older-adults.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Viruses and People with Disabilities" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/people-with-disabilities.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/people-with-disabilities.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Viruses and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Severe Illness from Respiratory Viruses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007192.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Severe COVID-19 - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000978.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000978.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of COVID-19" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Locator: Find COVID-19 Medications" url="https://treatments.hhs.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://treatments-es.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of COVID-19 Treatment" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/treatment/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding the Regulatory Terminology of Potential Preventative and Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/understanding-regulatory-terminology-potential-preventative-and-therapeutic-drugs-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/comprension-de-la-terminologia-reglamentaria-para-posibles-medicamentos-preventivos-y-terapeuticos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="United States COVID-19 Deaths, Emergency Department (ED) Visits, and Test Positivity by Geographic Area" url="https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#maps_percent-covid-deaths" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to do after exposure to COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000977.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Should Know about COVID-19 and Pets" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/animals/pets.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/positive-pet.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your COVID-19 Glossary" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/your-covid-19-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/su-glosario-de-covid-19">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about the different types of tests for COVID-19, who needs a test, and how and where you can get a test." title="COVID-19 Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html" id="7627" language="English" date-created="11/09/2020">
<also-called>COVID-19 Antibody Test</also-called>
<also-called>COVID-19 Viral Test</also-called>
<also-called>SARS-CoV-2 Testing</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt; (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. There are two types of tests for this virus:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;viral test&lt;/strong&gt; tells you if you have a current infection. Viral tests can either be rapid tests or laboratory tests:
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/"&gt;Rapid tests&lt;/a&gt; can be done in minutes. They are often antigen tests, which look for specific proteins from the virus. Some rapid tests are self-tests which you can do at home.&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;Laboratory tests can take days to complete and include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests/"&gt;PCR tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;strong&gt;antibody (serology) test&lt;/strong&gt; might tell you if you had a past infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you need a COVID-19 test, you can:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Buy a self-test online or at a store. Make sure that the test you buy has been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check your state or local health department's website for information on testing in your area.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contact your health care provider.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even if your COVID-19 viral test is negative (the test did not detect the virus), you should still take steps to &lt;a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html"&gt;protect yourself and others&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html" id="7628" language="Spanish">Pruebas para el COVID-19</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000086742">COVID-19 Testing</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19testing.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19testing.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19testing.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19testing.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19testing.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" id="7647">COVID-19 Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7807">Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID)</related-topic>
<site title="Antibody Serology Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="At-Home Medical Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="At-Home OTC COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/pruebas-de-covid-19-sin-receta-medica-o-de-venta-libre-para-diagnostico-en-el-hogar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beware of Fraudulent Coronavirus Tests, Vaccines, and Treatments" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-fraudulent-coronavirus-tests-vaccines-and-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-las-pruebas-vacunas-y-tratamientos-fraudulentos-para-el-coronavirus">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: COVID-19 Antibody Test" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=SARS-CoV-2+%28+antibody+OR+serology%29+test&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: COVID-19 Viral Test" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=COVID-19&amp;intr=%28PCR+test%29+OR+%28antigen+test%29&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Getting Tested (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-tests.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Viral Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-viral-testing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-viral-testing.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007773.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007773.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Antibody Testing" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-antibody-testing/about/pac-20489696?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/covid-19-antibody-testing/about/pac-20489696?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Test Basics" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conceptos-basicos-de-las-pruebas-para-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 virus test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007769.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Local Health Departments" url="https://www.naccho.org/membership/lhd-directory">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Association of County and City Health Officials</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do COVID-19 Antibody Tests Differ from Diagnostic Tests?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/covid-antibody-tests/faq-20484429?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/covid-antibody-tests/faq-20484429?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Know if the Expiration Date of My At-Home COVID-19 Test Has Been Extended?" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-covid-19-diagnostic-tests-frequently-asked-questions#updated-expiration" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/pruebas-de-diagnostico-de-covid-19-realizadas-en-casa-preguntas-frecuentes#updated-expiration">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Test to Treat Works for Individuals and Families" url="https://aspr.hhs.gov/TestToTreat/Pages/process.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Swab" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PCR Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Testing" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22COVID-19+Testing%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx)" url="https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/radx">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rapid Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Self-testing for COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000986.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testing for COVID-19" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/testing/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/self-testing.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about the vaccines that have been approved and the vaccination program." title="COVID-19 Vaccines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" id="7647" language="English" date-created="11/09/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt; (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. This virus is a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. In the United States, there are several vaccines that are effective at protecting people from getting seriously ill, being hospitalized, and dying from COVID-19. These vaccines are being used under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This means that the vaccines have met the FDA's scientific standards for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html"&gt;safety&lt;/a&gt;, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality that are needed to support authorization.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This page includes details about the vaccines and the vaccination program, including &lt;a href="https://vaccinefinder.org/search/"&gt;where you can find a vaccine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" id="7648" language="Spanish">Vacunas contra el COVID-19</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000086663">COVID-19 Vaccines</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/covid19vaccines.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html" id="7627">COVID-19 Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7807">Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<site title="Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV)" url="https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/activ">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="All in the Spike: How Past Virus Research Gave a Head Start to the COVID-19 Vaccine" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/all-in-the-spike-how-past-virus-research-gave-a-head-start-to-the-covid-19-vaccine" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/todo-en-la-espiga-investigacion-anterior-sobre-el-virus-da-una-ventaja-a-la-vacuna-contra-el-covid-19">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beware of Fraudulent Coronavirus Tests, Vaccines, and Treatments" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-fraudulent-coronavirus-tests-vaccines-and-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-las-pruebas-vacunas-y-tratamientos-fraudulentos-para-el-coronavirus">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bivalent Boosters Block Severe COVID-19" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/bivalent-boosters-block-severe-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-refuerzos-bivalentes-bloquean-el-covid-19-grave">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Kids Get a COVID-19 Vaccine Along with the Flu Vaccine? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinincalTrials.gov: COVID-19 Vaccines" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?recr=open&amp;cond=covid-19&amp;intr=vaccine">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Questions and Answers about Vaccines (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-vaccines.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccination for People Who Are Pregnant or Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/pregnant-or-breastfeeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States" url="https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccine (Moderna)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a621002.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a621002-es.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a621003.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a621003-es.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccine Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/how-they-work.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/how-they-work.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccine Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/faq.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 vaccines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007775.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccines" url="https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-en-espanol/vacunas-contra-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 vaccines - what to expect" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000983.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccines for Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-vaccines-young-kids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-vaccines-young-kids.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Covid-19 Vaccines for Moderately to Severely Immunocompromised People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/immunocompromised-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/immuno.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccines Not Linked With Fertility Issues" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/covid-19-vaccines-not-linked-fertility-issues" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-vacunas-contra-el-covid-19-no-estan-vinculadas-a">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccines: Get the Facts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Your COVID-19 Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/getting-your-covid-19-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/expect.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for Recipients and Caregivers" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/167209/download">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myocarditis and Pericarditis after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myths and Facts about COVID-19 Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/myths-facts.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine, Adjuvanted EUA Fact Sheet" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/159898/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/161220/download">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Fact Sheet for Recipients and Caregivers" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/167212/download">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Vaccines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22COVID-19+Vaccines%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Selected Adverse Events Reported after COVID-19 Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/adverse-events.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/adverse-events.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Up to Date with COVID-19 Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines Protect Your Community" url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are mRNA Vaccines and How Do They Work?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/therapy/mrnavaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/terapia/vacunasarnm/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is an EUA (Emergency Use Authorization)?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGkwaESsGBQ">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is in a Vaccine: Vaccine Ingredients and Safety" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-in-a-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-in-a-vaccine-spanish.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Can Kids Get the Updated COVID Vaccine?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/when-can-kids-get-the-COVID-vaccine-or-booster.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Paginas/when-can-kids-get-the-COVID-vaccine-or-booster.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si usted sangra, la sangre forma coágulos para detener la hemorragia. Algunas personas producen demasiados coágulos o su sangre no coagula normalmente. " title="Coágulos sanguíneos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html" id="6077" language="Spanish" date-created="12/11/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un coágulo de sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un coágulo de sangre es una masa que se forma cuando las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas&lt;/a&gt;, proteínas y células de la sangre se pegan entre sí. Cuando se lastima, su cuerpo forma un coágulo de sangre para detener el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;sangrado&lt;/a&gt;. Una vez que se detiene el sangrado y se produce la curación, en general, su cuerpo descompone y elimina el coágulo de sangre. Pero, a veces, se forman coágulos de sangre donde no deberían, su cuerpo produce demasiados coágulos o coágulos anormales; o no se descomponen como deberían. Estos coágulos de sangre pueden ser peligrosos y causar otros problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los coágulos de sangre se pueden formar o viajar a los vasos sanguíneos de las extremidades, los pulmones, el cerebro, el corazón y los riñones. Los tipos de problemas que pueden causar los coágulos de sangre dependen de dónde se ubiquen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html"&gt;trombosis venosa profunda&lt;/a&gt; es un coágulo de sangre en una vena profunda, en general en la parte inferior de la pierna, el muslo o la pelvis. Puede bloquear una vena y dañar su pierna&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede ocurrir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;embolia pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; cuando un trombo en una vena se desprende y viaja por el torrente sanguíneo hasta los pulmones. Una embolia pulmonar, especialmente si es grande, puede dañar sus pulmones y evitar que otros órganos reciban suficiente oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales es un coágulo de sangre poco común en los senos venosos del cerebro. Normalmente, los senos venosos drenan sangre de su cerebro. La trombosis venosa cerebral bloquea el drenaje de sangre y puede causar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Los coágulos de sangre en otras partes del cuerpo pueden causar problemas como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular isquémico&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;problemas en los riñones&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;problemas durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes tienen más riesgo de tener coágulos de sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener coágulos sanguíneos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;Arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;Fibrilación auricular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cáncer y tratamientos contra el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos genéticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertas cirugías&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" tid="3182"&gt;Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antecedentes familiares de coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;Embarazo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html"&gt;parto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones&lt;/a&gt; graves&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos medicamentos, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;píldoras anticonceptivas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Permanecer en una posición durante mucho tiempo, como estar en el hospital o hacer un viaje largo en automóvil o avión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los coágulos de sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los coágulos de sangre pueden ser diferentes, dependiendo de dónde se encuentre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En el abdomen, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En un brazo o una pierna, dolor, hinchazón, sensibilidad y calor repentino o gradual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En los pulmones, dificultad para respirar, dolor al respirar profundamente, respiración rápida y aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; En el cerebro, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;dificultad para hablar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;problemas de visión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;, debilidad en un lado del cuerpo y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; intenso y repentino&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En el corazón, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor en el pecho&lt;/a&gt;, sudoración, dificultad para respirar y dolor en el brazo izquierdo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los coágulos de sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
Para saber si tiene uno o más coágulos de sangre, su profesional de la salud:
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar análisis de sangre, incluyendo una prueba de dímero D&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar pruebas de imágenes, como:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;Ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografías&lt;/a&gt; de las venas (venografía) o de los vasos sanguíneos (angiografía) que se toman tras recibir una inyección de material de contraste. El tinte aparece en la radiografía y permite ver cómo fluye la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;Tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los coágulos de sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para los coágulos de sangre dependen de dónde se encuentre el coágulo de sangre y su gravedad. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otros medicamentos, incluyendo trombolíticos. Estos son medicinas que disuelven los coágulos de sangre. Por lo general, se usan cuando los coágulos son graves&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía y otros procedimientos para eliminar los coágulos de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir los coágulos de sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda ayudar a prevenir los coágulos de sangre al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Moverse lo antes posible después de haber estado mucho tiempo inmóvil, como después de una cirugía, enfermedad o lesión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Levantarse y moverse cada cierto tiempo si debe estar sentado durante largos períodos de tiempo, por ejemplo, si está en un vuelo o en un viaje en automóvil largo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar medias de compresión después de una cirugía o durante un vuelo largo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con alto riesgo pueden necesitar tomar anticoagulantes para prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Tromboflebitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001108.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001108.htm">
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<site title="Trombosis del seno cavernoso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001628.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombólisis con asistencia por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thrombo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thrombo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Una tormenta casi perfecta" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/una-tormenta-casi-perfecta" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/an-almost-perfect-storm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is an emergency technique used on someone whose heart or breathing has stopped. Learn it; you might save a life." title="CPR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html" id="3639" language="English" date-created="11/05/2003">
<also-called>Cardiopulmonary resuscitation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When someone's blood flow or breathing stops, seconds count. Permanent brain damage or death can happen quickly. If you know how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), you could save a life. CPR is an emergency procedure for a person whose heart has stopped (called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt;) or who is no longer breathing. CPR can maintain the blood flow breathing until &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;emergency medical help&lt;/a&gt;  arrives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Take these steps if someone is in sudden cardiac arrest:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Call 911.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If someone else is around, have them look for an automated external defibrillator (AED). An AED is a device that sends an electric shock to the heart to try to restore its normal rhythm. AEDs are available in many public places such as schools, businesses, and airports .&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that the person with sudden cardiac arrest is lying on their back on a firm surface.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; If you haven't had any CPR training, you can do "hands-only" CPR for a teen or adult whose heart has stopped beating ("hands-only" CPR isn't recommended for children). "Hands-only" CPR uses chest compressions to keep blood circulating. Chest compressions involve pushing hard and fast in the center of the chest.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you've had training, you can use chest compressions, clear the airway, and do rescue breathing. Rescue breathing helps get oxygen to the lungs for a person who has stopped breathing. To keep your skills up, repeat the CPR training every two years.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use the AED as soon as possible, if there is one available.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html" id="3640" language="Spanish">Reanimación cardiopulmonar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016887">Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html" id="240">First Aid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html" id="4266">Sudden Cardiac Arrest</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation</see-reference>
<site title="Adult First Aid/CPR/AED Ready Reference" url="https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/training-services/no-index/Adult_RRC.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing difficulties - first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000007.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/ART-20056600?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=cardiopulmonary+resuscitation&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000010.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cpr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cpr.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR - adult - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100219_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100219_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR - adult and child after onset of puberty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000013.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR - child 1 to 8 years old - series -- Check for responsiveness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100215_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100215_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR - infant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000011.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR - infant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100216_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100216_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR - young child (age 1 year to onset of puberty)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR Facts and Stats" url="https://cpr.heart.org/en/resources/cpr-facts-and-stats">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR: A Real Lifesaver (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cpr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cpr.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hands-Only CPR" url="https://cpr.heart.org/en/cpr-courses-and-kits/hands-only-cpr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myocardial contusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000202.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000202.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric First Aid/CPR/AED Ready Reference" url="https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/training-services/no-index/Pediatric_RRC.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPR" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cardiopulmonary+Resuscitation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is CPR?" url="https://cpr.heart.org/en/resources/what-is-cpr">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Craniofacial abnormalities (or craniofacial anomalies) are birth defects of the face or head. A common example is cleft lip and palate. Read more. " title="Craniofacial Abnormalities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5757" language="English" date-created="01/24/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Craniofacial is a medical term that relates to the bones of the skull and face. Craniofacial abnormalities are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt; of the face or head. Some, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;cleft lip and palate&lt;/a&gt;, are among the most common of all birth defects. Others are very rare. Most of them affect how a person's face or head looks. These conditions may also affect other parts of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the type of problem. Plastic and reconstructive surgery may help the person's appearance.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5758" language="Spanish">Anomalías craneofaciales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019465">Craniofacial Abnormalities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022">Brain Malformations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="191">Cleft Lip and Palate</related-topic>
<see-reference>Craniosynostosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Positional Plagiocephaly</see-reference>
<see-reference>Treacher-Collins Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="3MC syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3mc-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aarskog-Scott syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aarskog-scott-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acrocallosal syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/acrocallosal-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery" url="https://www.aafprs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apert syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001581.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apert syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/apert-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Baby's Head Shape: Cause for Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baller-Gerold syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/baller-gerold-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beare-stevenson-cutis-gyrata-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Birth Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/birth-disorders-brain-and-spinal-cord">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blepharocheilodontic syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/blepharocheilodontic-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bohring-Opitz syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bohring-opitz-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bosma-arhinia-microphthalmia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bowen-Conradi syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bowen-conradi-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/branchio-oculo-facial-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burn-McKeown syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/burn-mckeown-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cardiofaciocutaneous-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carpenter syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carpenter-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebro-facio-thoracic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cherubism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cherubism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cleidocranial dysostosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001589.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleidocranial dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cleidocranial-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniofacial Abnormalities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Craniofacial+Abnormalities%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniosynostoses" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Craniosynostoses%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coffin Lowry Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/coffin-lowry-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniofacial microsomia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/craniofacial-microsomia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniofacial reconstruction - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100058_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100058_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craniofrontonasal syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/craniofrontonasal-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniometaphyseal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/craniometaphyseal-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniosynostosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001590.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craniosynostosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/craniosynostosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354513?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craniosynostosis repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007364.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craniosynostosis repair - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000067.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crouzon-syndrome-with-acanthosis-nigricans">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crouzon syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crouzon-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged parietal foramina: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/enlarged-parietal-foramina">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frontonasal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/frontonasal-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Goldenhar Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/goldenhar-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gorlin-Chaudhry-Moss syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gorlin-chaudhry-moss-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/greig-cephalopolysyndactyly-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Understanding Apert Syndrome" url="https://www.ccakids.org/assets/syndromebk_apert.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Children's Craniofacial Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Understanding Pfeiffer Syndrome" url="https://ccakids.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/pfeiffer-guide_2018.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Children's Craniofacial Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hartsfield syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hartsfield-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head and face reconstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002980.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002980.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemifacial Microsomia" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hemifacial-microsomia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-microsomia-hemifacial">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Increased head circumference" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003305.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isolated Pierre Robin sequence: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-pierre-robin-sequence">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Jackson-Weiss syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/jackson-weiss-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Holoprosencephaly (HPE)" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Holoprosencephaly">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mandibulofacial-dysostosis-with-microcephaly">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metopic ridge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003312.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micrognathia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003306.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003306.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miller syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/miller-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muenke syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/muenke-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nager syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nager-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Noonan syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001656.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noonan Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/noonan-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354422?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral-facial-digital syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/oral-facial-digital-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pfeiffer syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pfeiffer-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pierre Robin sequence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001607.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prognathism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003026.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craniofacial Abnormalities" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Craniofacial+Abnormalities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Robinow syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/robinow-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saethre-chotzen-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Short philtrum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003302.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shprintzen-goldberg-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skull x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sotos Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/sotos-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sotos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sotos-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sutures - ridged" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003308.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thanatophoric dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/thanatophoric-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treacher Collins Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tcs.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treacher Collins syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001659.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treacher Collins syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/treacher-collins-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weaver syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/weaver-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative brain disorder. CJD progresses rapidly and is fatal. Learn how to prevent CJD. " title="Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1242" language="English" date-created="08/24/2000">
<also-called>CJD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html"&gt;degenerative brain disorder&lt;/a&gt;. Symptoms usually start around age 60. Memory problems, behavior changes, vision problems, and poor muscle coordination progress quickly to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;, coma, and death. Most patients die within a year.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The three main categories of CJD are  :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sporadic CJD, which occurs for no known reason &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hereditary CJD, which runs in families&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Acquired CJD, which occurs from contact with infected tissue, usually during a medical procedure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cattle can get a disease related to CJD called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease."  There is concern that people can get a variant of CJD from eating beef from an infected animal, but there is no direct proof to support this.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1840" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007562">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>BSE</see-reference>
<see-reference>Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy</see-reference>
<see-reference>CJD</see-reference>
<see-reference>Jakob-Creutzfeldt Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mad Cow Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prion Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>vCJD</see-reference>
<site title="About Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/variant-creutzfeldt-jakob/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Also Called Mad Cow Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mad-cow/php/animal-health/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Creutzfeldt-Jakob+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prion Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prion+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000788.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Accuracy of CSF 14-3-3 Protein Test of the Spinal Fluid" url="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/567">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions on BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease)" url="https://www.usda.gov/topics/animals/bse-surveillance-information-center/bse-frequently-asked-questions">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/national-hormone-pituitary-program">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kuru" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/kuru">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kuru" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001379.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prion disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prion-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prion Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/prion-diseases">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Creutzfeldt-Jakob+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Prion Diseases)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathies">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay más de una manera &quot;correcta&quot; de ser buenos padres. La seguridad de los hijos es primordial. Entérese sobre la crianza de los hijos. " title="Crianza de los hijos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parenting.html" id="2080" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Educación de los hijos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene hijos, recibe muchas sugerencias sobre cómo debe criarlos. Desde expertos hasta otros padres, las personas están siempre dispuestas a darle consejos. Consejos sobre la crianza de los hijos, guías de supervivencia para padres, lo que debe y no debe hacer, cosas nuevas aparecen todos los días.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La verdad es que hay más de una manera "correcta" de ser buenos padres. Ser buenos padres incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mantener a sus hijo sanos y seguros &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Demostrarles afecto y escucharlos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Proveer orden y su consistencia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Determinar y hacer cumplir los límites &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pasar tiempo con sus hijos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Supervisar las amistades y las actividades de sus hijos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Darles el ejemplo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parenting.html" id="1495" language="English">Parenting</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyissues.html" id="1899">Asuntos familiares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Crianza de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Crianza de</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescente" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aislamiento temporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002207.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos esenciales para la crianza de niños pequeños y prescolares" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parents/spanish/essentials/overview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comparta sus valores" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/share-your-values.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/Pages/Share-Your-Values.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crianza de adolescentes: Guiar a nuestros hijos durante años turbulentos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crianza-de-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/06/parenting-teens">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crianza infantil positiva" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/effective-parenting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/Pages/Effective-Parenting.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crianza positiva: Desarrollando relaciones sanas con sus hijos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crianza-positiva" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/positive-parenting">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo permitirle a su adolescente salir en pareja" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/when-to-let-your-teenager-start-dating.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/when-to-let-your-teenager-start-dating.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo responder a preguntas sobre el sexo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sex.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/questions-sex.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollar la autoestima de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/self-esteem.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/self-esteem.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diez mejores consejos sobre los deberes escolares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/homework.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/homework.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disciplina con los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002211.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Educación sexual: Cómo hablar de sexo con tu hijo adolescente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Habla con tus hijos sobre el sexo y las relaciones saludables" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-sexual/habla-tus-hijos-sexo-relaciones-saludables" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/sexual-health/talk-your-kids-about-sex-and-healthy-relationships">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Habla con tus hijos sobre el tabaco, el alcohol y las drogas" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-mental-relaciones-otras-personas/habla-tus-hijos-tabaco-alcohol-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/mental-health-and-relationships/talk-your-kids-about-tobacco-alcohol-and-drugs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con su hijo adolescente respecto al consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con su hijo sobre las razas y el racismo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-about-race.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-about-race.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imagen corporal (niños y adolescentes)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/imagen-corporal-ninos-y-adolescentes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/building-your-childs-body-image-and-self-esteem/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importancia de las rutinas de la familia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-importance-of-family-routines.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/The-Importance-of-Family-Routines.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moldee los hábitos de su familia: Ayude a los niños a tomar decisiones saludables" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/moldee-los-habitos-de-su-familia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/shape-your-family-s-habits">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niñeras y cuidado de niños" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/babysitters-and-child-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el tiempo frente a la pantalla" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/profundizando-en-los-dispositivos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/02/delving-into-devices">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nueve pasos para una crianza eficaz" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nine-steps.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nine-steps.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poder de los compañeros: ¿Quién influye en su salud?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-de-los-companeros" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/09/power-peers">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas acerca de los padres biológicos (adopción)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/paginas/questions-about-biological-parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/Questions-About-Biological-Parents.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué le enseña a usted el entrenamiento de su hijo para usar el baño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/paginas/what-toilet-training-teaches-you.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/Pages/What-Toilet-Training-Teaches-You.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Técnica del aislamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000756.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está pensando en adoptar? Preguntas frecuentes sobre la adopción" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/paginas/questions-about-adoption.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/Questions-About-Adoption.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué opinan del castigo?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/what-about-punishment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/Pages/What-About-Punishment.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué significa ser padres?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/documents/que_significa_ser_padres_espanol.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La criptosporidiosis es una enfermedad causada por un parásito que vive en la tierra, los alimentos y el agua. Síntomas, tratamientos." title="Criptosporidiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="2236" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la criptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La criptosporidiosis es una enfermedad contagiosa que causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; líquida. Es causada por parásitos llamados &lt;em&gt;Cryptosporidium&lt;/em&gt;. Estos parásitos viven en el suelo, los alimentos y el agua. Se encuentran en todas las regiones de los Estados Unidos y el mundo. La criptosporidiosis también se puede encontrar en superficies o manos sucias que han sido contaminadas con heces de humanos o animales infectados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se transmite la criptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede infectarse con criptosporidiosis al tragar el parásito si se encuentra en los alimentos, el agua potable o el agua en la que nada. También puede infectarse cuando toca algo que ha sido contaminado y luego se toca los ojos, la boca, o nariz. Otra forma de propagación es por el contacto sexual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener criptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de contagiarse con criptosporidiosis, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños y trabajadores de guarderías&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas mayores de 75 años y más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que cuidan de otras personas con criptosporidiosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viajeros internacionales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mochileros, excursionistas y campistas que beben agua sin filtrar ni tratar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas, incluyendo nadadores, que tragan agua de fuentes contaminadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que tocan animales infectados, a menudo vacas u ovejas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la criptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síntoma más común de la criptosporidiosis es la diarrea líquida. Otros síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;Deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres o dolor de estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los síntomas comienzan de 2 a 10 días después de infectarse con el parásito. En personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistemas inmunitarios&lt;/a&gt; sanos, los síntomas pueden durar entre 1 y 2 semanas. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden durar más o aparecer y desaparecer hasta por 30 días.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados pueden desarrollar una enfermedad crónica grave. Las razones por las que podría tener un sistema inmunitario débil pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;problema genético&lt;/a&gt; que afecte el sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y medicinas necesarias después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órgano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que algunas personas no presenten ningún síntoma.
Hable con su profesional de la salud si presenta diarrea líquida que dura más de unos pocos días, especialmente si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la criptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La criptosporidiosis se diagnostica analizando muestras de heces, generalmente bajo un microscopio. Las personas con criptosporidiosis pueden tener muchos parásitos en las heces un día, pero no tantos al día siguiente. Por ello, es posible que deba entregar al laboratorio tres muestras de heces recolectadas en días diferentes. Esto ayuda a garantizar que su diagnóstico sea acertado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la criptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con criptosporidiosis mejoran sin tratamiento. Suele tardar entre una y dos semanas. Es importante beber mucho líquido para prevenir la deshidratación. Los bebés, los niños pequeños y las personas embarazadas tienen más probabilidades de deshidratarse y deberían recibir más líquidos. Si está embarazada o si cree que usted o su hijo están seriamente deshidratados, hable con su profesional de la salud para saber cómo obtener suficientes líquidos. Es posible que algunas personas deshidratadas deban recibir líquidos por vía intravenosa en un centro de salud u hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos antidiarreicos de venta libre pueden ayudar a disminuir la diarrea, pero no los tome sin consultar primero con su profesional de la salud. Existe un medicamento para tratar la diarrea causada por criptosporidiosis en personas con sistemas inmunitarios sanos. Usted y su proveedor de atención médica pueden hablar sobre si ese medicamento es adecuado para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la criptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para reducir sus posibilidades de contagiarse o propagar criptosporidiosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lávese las manos&lt;/a&gt; frecuentemente con agua y jabón, especialmente después de ir al baño, cambiar pañales o tocar animales. También es necesario lavarse las manos antes de comer o preparar alimentos. Los desinfectantes para manos a base de alcohol no son eficaces contra la criptosporidiosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beba únicamente agua que sepa que es segura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beba únicamente leche y sidra de manzana que hayan sido pasteurizadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No coma alimentos crudos cuando viaje a países donde el suministro de alimentos podría ser inseguro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nunca vaya a nadar si tiene diarrea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No trague agua cuando esté nadando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilice condones o protectores dentales cada vez que tenga relaciones sexuales. Esto también ayudará a prevenir otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="1591" language="English">Cryptosporidiosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html" id="1867">Agua potable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<site title="Criptosporidiosis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-parasitarias-protozoos-y-microsporidios-intestinales/criptosporidiosis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis por criptosporidio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000617.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de huevos y parásitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Critical care (also called intensive care) helps people with life-threatening injuries and illnesses. Learn what to expect and how to prepare." title="Critical Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/criticalcare.html" id="1352" language="English" date-created="09/12/2000">
<also-called>ICU</also-called>
<also-called>Intensive care</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is critical care?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Critical care is medical care for people who have life-threatening injuries and illnesses. It usually takes place in an intensive care unit (ICU). A team of specially-trained health care providers gives you 24-hour care. This includes using machines to constantly monitor your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html"&gt;vital signs&lt;/a&gt;. It also usually involves giving you specialized treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs critical care?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You need critical care if you have a life-threatening illness or injury, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;burns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;Heart attack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;Kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People recovering from certain major surgeries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;Respiratory failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html"&gt;Sepsis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;injuries&lt;/a&gt;, such as from car crashes, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;, and shootings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html"&gt;Shock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens in a critical care unit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In a critical care unit, health care providers use lots of different equipment, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Catheters, flexible tubes used to get fluids into the body or to drain fluids from the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;Dialysis&lt;/a&gt; machines ("artificial kidneys") for people with kidney failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeding tubes, which give you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html"&gt;nutritional support&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intravenous (IV) tubes to give you fluids and medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Machines which check your vital signs and display them on monitors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt; to give you extra oxygen to breathe in&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tracheostomy tubes, which are breathing tubes. The tube is placed in a surgically made hole that goes through the front of the neck and into the windpipe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ventilators (breathing machines), which move air in and out of your lungs. This is for people who have respiratory failure.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These machines can help keep you alive, but many of them can also raise your risk of infection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people in a critical care unit are not able to communicate. It's important that you have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html"&gt;advance directive&lt;/a&gt; in place. This can help your health care providers and family members make important decisions, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html"&gt;end-of-life decisions&lt;/a&gt;, if you are not able to make them.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/criticalcare.html" id="1841" language="Spanish">Terapia intensiva</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003422">Critical Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/criticalcare.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/criticalcare.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/criticalcare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/criticalcare.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Assisted Breathing</see-reference>
<see-reference>ICU</see-reference>
<see-reference>Life Support</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tracheostomy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ventilators</see-reference>
<site title="Arterial Catheterization" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/arterial-catheterization.pdf">
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Central venous catheter - dressing change" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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</site>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intensive Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Intensive+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Life Support Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Life+Support+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tracheostomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=tracheostomy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Children</information-category>
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</site>
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</site>
<site title="Meet the Critical Care Team" url="https://www.sccm.org/MyICUCare/About-Critical-Care/Team">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Society of Critical Care Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NICU consultants and support staff" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007249.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picc-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picc-lines.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripherally inserted central catheter - flushing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripherally inserted central catheter - insertion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Critical care - adults" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Critical+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Swan-Ganz - right heart catheterization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003870.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002955.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tracheostomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tracheostomy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100043_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100043_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tunneled Central Lines" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cv-catheters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cv-catheters.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Ventilator?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Your Baby's in the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nicu-caring.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Your Child's in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picu.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Crohn's Disease can cause inflammation in any area from the mouth to the anus. Read about medicines, surgery or dietary management to treat symptoms." title="Crohn's Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html" id="119" language="English" date-created="11/27/1998">
<also-called>Regional enteritis</also-called>
<also-called>Regional ileitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Crohn's disease?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Crohn's disease is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes inflammation in your digestive tract. It can affect any part of your digestive tract, which runs from your mouth to your anus. But it usually affects your small intestine and the beginning of your large intestine.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;Ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt; and microscopic colitis are other common types of IBD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Crohn's disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. Researchers think that an autoimmune reaction may be one cause. An autoimmune reaction happens when your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; attacks healthy cells in your body. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crohns-disease/"&gt;Genetics&lt;/a&gt; may also play a role, since Crohn's disease can run in families.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stress and eating certain foods don't cause the disease, but they can make your symptoms worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop Crohn's disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are certain factors that may raise your risk of Crohn's disease:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history&lt;/strong&gt; of the disease. Having a parent, child, or sibling with the disease puts you at higher risk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This may double your risk of developing Crohn's disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth-control pills&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&lt;/a&gt; (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. These may slightly increase your chance of developing Crohn's.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A high-fat diet.&lt;/strong&gt; This may also slightly increase your risk of Crohn's.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Crohn's disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of Crohn's disease can vary, depending where and how severe your inflammation is. The most common symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cramping and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; in your abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some other possible symptoms are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;, a condition in which you have fewer red blood cells than normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eye redness or pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain or soreness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea&lt;/a&gt; or loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin changes that involve red, tender bumps under the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stress and eating certain foods such as carbonated (fizzy) drinks and high-fiber foods may make some people's symptoms worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can Crohn's disease cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Crohn's disease can cause other problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;Intestinal obstruction&lt;/a&gt;, a blockage in the intestine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html"&gt;Fistulas&lt;/a&gt;, abnormal connections between two parts inside of the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;Abscesses&lt;/a&gt;, pus-filled pockets of infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anal fissures, small tears in your anus that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ulcers, open sores in your mouth, intestines, anus, or perineum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html"&gt;Malnutrition&lt;/a&gt;, when your body does not get the right amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and nutrients it needs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation in other areas of your body, such as your joints, eyes, and skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Crohn's disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Checking for bloating in your abdomen.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Listening to sounds within your abdomen using a stethoscope.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tapping on your abdomen to check for tenderness and pain and to see if your liver or spleen is abnormal or enlarged.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Various tests, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blood and stool tests.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;An upper GI endoscopy, a procedure in which your provider uses a scope to look inside your mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Diagnostic imaging&lt;/a&gt; tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; or an upper GI series. An upper GI series uses a special liquid called barium and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;. Drinking the barium will make your upper GI tract more visible on an x-ray.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Crohn's disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for Crohn's disease, but treatments can decrease inflammation in your intestines, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. Treatments include medicines, bowel rest, and surgery. No single treatment works for everyone. You and your provider can work together to figure out which treatment is best for you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; for Crohn's include various medicines that decrease the inflammation. Many of these medicines do this by reducing the activity of your immune system. Certain medicines can also help with symptoms or complications, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&lt;/a&gt; and anti-diarrheal medicines. If your Crohn's causes an infection, you may need antibiotics.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bowel rest&lt;/strong&gt; involves drinking only certain liquids or not eating or drinking anything. This allows your intestines to rest. You may need to do this if your Crohn's disease symptoms are severe. You get your nutrients through drinking a liquid, a feeding tube, or an intravenous (IV) tube. You may need to do bowel rest in the hospital, or you may be able to do it at home. It will last for a few days or up to several weeks.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; can treat complications and reduce symptoms when other treatments are not helping enough. The surgery will involve removing a damaged part of your digestive tract to treat:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Fistulas&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;Bleeding&lt;/a&gt; that is life threatening&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Intestinal obstructions&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Side effects from medicines when they threaten your health&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Symptoms when medicines do not improve your condition&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Changing your diet can help reduce symptoms. Your provider may recommend that you make changes to your diet, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding carbonated drinks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding popcorn, vegetable skins, nuts, and other high-fiber foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking more liquids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating smaller meals more often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping a food diary to help identify foods that cause problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, your provider may ask you to go on a special diet, such as a diet that is:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High calorie&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lactose free&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low fat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low fiber&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low salt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are not absorbing enough nutrients, you may need to take nutritional supplements and vitamins.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html" id="1842" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Crohn</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003424">Crohn Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="446">Ulcerative Colitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Inflammatory Bowel Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Regional Enteritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Regional Ileitis</see-reference>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<site title="Black or tarry stools" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Bone Loss in IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/boneloss.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Calprotectin Stool Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Crohn Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Crohn+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Inflammatory+Bowel+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colorectal Cancer" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/colorectalcancer.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crohn disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000249.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crohn disease - children - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000937.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000937.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crohn disease - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000194.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crohn Disease Treatment Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000249_49.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000249_106.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crohn disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crohns-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crohn's Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/crohns-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-crohn">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crohn's Disease &amp; Ulcerative Colitis: A Guide for Parents and Pediatric Caregivers" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/parents-guide-brochure-final-online.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Emotional Factors" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/emotional.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Current Research Initiatives" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/research/current-research-initiatives">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="D-xylose absorption" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing and Monitoring IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/diagnosing-monitoring-ibd-brochure-final-rev062518.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroclysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003818.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ESR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Complications" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/eyes.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Healthcare Maintenance of IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/healthmaint.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gut Troubles: Pain, Gassiness, Bloating, and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="IBD and Fatigue" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/pain-and-fatigue/fatigue-causes">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammation" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/inflammation">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/inflammatory-bowel-disease" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/inflammatory-bowel-disease">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease (For Children)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ibd.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ibd.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Facts and Stats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/inflammatory-bowel-disease/php/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory bowel disease - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100171_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100171_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Nutrition" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/resources/IBD-NutritionInfo.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/IBD%20&amp;%20NUTRITION-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inflammatory-bowel-disease-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/enfermedades-inflamatorias-del-intestino/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Complications of IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/intestinalcomps.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Disorders" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/kidney.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liver Complications" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/liver-disease.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low-fiber diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Flares and IBD Symptoms" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/managing-flares-brochure-final-online.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental and Emotional Well-Being" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/youth-parent-resources/teens">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Therapy and Crohn's Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nutrition-crohns.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nutrition-crohns.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ostomy Surgery of the Bowel" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ostomy-surgery-bowel">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Enteropathic Arthritis / Arthritis Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease" url="https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/overview-of-spondyloarthritis/enteropathic-arthritis/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Spondylitis Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/proctitis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crohn's Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Crohn+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex, Intimacy, and IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/ibdsexuality.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Short Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/short-bowel-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Complications of IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/skin.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Crohn's Disease" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-crohns-disease/treatment/surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Total colectomy or proctocolectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic megacolon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000248.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-is-ibd/traveling-with-ibd">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Crohn's Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/crohns-disease/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-crohn/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding IBD Medications and Side Effects" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/understanding-ibd-medications-brochure-final-online2.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Virtual colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Complementary Medicine?" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientandcaregivers/ibd/complementary-medicine">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Crohn's Disease?" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-crohns-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="White Blood Cell (WBC) in Stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-cell-wbc-in-stool/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/globulos-blancos-en-las-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Xylose Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Young Adults and IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/youngadultfacts.pdf">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Croup symptoms include difficulty breathing, a barking cough, and a hoarse voice. Children are at the highest risk. Learn more about croup." title="Croup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" id="6292" language="English" date-created="10/06/2015">
<also-called>Spasmodic croup</also-called>
<also-called>Viral croup</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Croup is an inflammation of the vocal cords (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). It causes difficulty breathing, a barking cough, and a hoarse voice. The cause is usually a virus, often &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;parainfluenza virus&lt;/a&gt;. Other causes include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergies&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;reflux&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Croup often starts out like a cold. But then the vocal cords and windpipe become swollen, causing the hoarseness and the cough. There may also be a fever and high-pitched noisy sounds when breathing. The symptoms are usually worse at night, and last for about three to five days.
Children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years have the highest risk of getting croup. They may also have more severe symptoms. Croup is more common in the fall and winter.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most cases of viral croup are mild and can be treated at home.  Rarely, croup can become serious and interfere with your child's breathing. If you are worried about your child's breathing, call your health care provider right away.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html" id="6293" language="Spanish">Crup</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003440">Croup</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<site title="About Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parainfluenza/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Croup" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/NJH/media/pdf/pdf-MF-Children-and-Croup.pdf?modal=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Croup" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Croup%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Croup" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/croup/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/crup-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Croup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000959.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000959.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Croup" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/croup/symptoms-causes/syc-20350348?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Croup (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/croup.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Croup and Your Young Child" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Croup-Treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Paginas/Croup-Treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Croup" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/croup-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/croup-sheet.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001385.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Larynx &amp; Trachea" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/larynx.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parainfluenza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001370.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Croup" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Croup%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El crup es una inflamación de la laringe y la tráquea. Causa dificultad para respirar, tos seca similar a la de los perros y voz ronca. Tratamientos." title="Crup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html" id="6293" language="Spanish" date-created="10/07/2015">
<also-called>Laringotraqueobronquitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El crup es una inflamación de las cuerdas vocales (laringe) y la tráquea. Causa dificultad para respirar, tos seca similar a la de los perros y voz ronca. La causa suele ser un virus, a menudo parainfluenza. Otras causas incluyen alergias y reflujo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El crup a menudo comienza como un resfriado. Pero luego las cuerdas vocales y la tráquea se inflaman, causando ronquera y tos. También puede haber fiebre y sonidos agudos al respirar. Los síntomas en general empeoran en la noche y duran entre tres y cinco días.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los niños entre los seis meses y tres años están en mayor riesgo. El crup es más frecuente durante el otoño y el invierno.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los casos de crup viral son leves y pueden tratarse en casa. En raras ocasiones, el crup puede llegar a ser grave e interferir con la respiración de su hijo. Si usted está preocupado acerca de la respiración de su hijo, llame a su proveedor de atención médica de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" id="6292" language="English">Croup</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Laringotraqueobronquitis </see-reference>
<site title="Crup" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/crup-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/croup/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crup" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/croup.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000959.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000959.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crup en su niño pequeño (laringotraqueítis aguda)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Paginas/Croup-Treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Croup-Treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar el crup" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/croup-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/croup-sheet.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001385.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parainfluenza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001370.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cryptosporidiosis or Crypto is an illness caused by a parasite that lives in soil, food and water. Learn the common symptoms and what you should do." title="Cryptosporidiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="1591" language="English" date-created="01/14/2002">
<also-called>Crypto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cryptosporidiosis? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cryptosporidiosis is a contagious disease that causes watery &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. It is caused by parasites called &lt;em&gt;Cryptosporidium,&lt;/em&gt; or Crypto . These parasites live in soil, food, and water. They are found in every region of the United States and throughout the world. Crypto can also be found on surfaces or dirty hands that have been contaminated with the stool (poop) of humans or animals that have the infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is cryptosporidiosis spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can become infected with Crypto by swallowing the parasite if it is in your food, drinking water, or water that you swim in. You can also get infected when you touch something that has been contaminated, and then you touch your eyes, mouth, or nose. Another way that Crypto can spread is through sexual contact.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get cryptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain people are more likely to get Crypto; they include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children and workers at childcare centers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older adults (ages 75 years and older)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who take care of other people with Crypto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;International travelers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Backpackers, hikers, and campers who drink unfiltered, untreated water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People, including swimmers, who swallow water from contaminated sources&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who touch infected animals, often cows or sheep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis is watery diarrhea. Other symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;Dehydration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stomach cramps or pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms generally begin 2 to 10 days after becoming infected with the parasite. In people with healthy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune systems&lt;/a&gt;, the symptoms can last about 1 to 2 weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms can last longer or come and go for up to 30 days.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with weakened immune systems may develop a serious, chronic illness. Some reasons why you might have a weakened immune system could include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic condition&lt;/a&gt; that affects the immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking certain medicines, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; and medicines needed after an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may not have any symptoms at all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contact your health care provider if you have watery diarrhea that lasts more than a few days, especially if you have a weakened immune system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed by examining stool samples, usually under a microscope. People with Crypto can have many parasites in their stool one day but not as many the next day. So you may need to give the lab three stool samples collected on three different days. This helps make sure that your diagnosis is correct.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for cryptosporidiosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with cryptosporidiosis get better without treatment. It usually takes about one to two weeks.  It's important to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Infants, young children, and pregnant people are more likely to get dehydration. They should get extra fluids. If you are pregnant or if you think that you or your child are severely dehydrated, contact your provider about how to get enough fluids. Some people who are dehydrated may need to get intravenous (IV) fluids in a hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medicine might help slow down diarrhea, but do not take it without first asking your provider. There is a medicine to treat diarrhea caused by Crypto in people with healthy immune systems. You and your provider can talk about whether that medicine is right for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can cryptosporidiosis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To lower your chance of getting or spreading Crypto:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Wash your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water, especially after using the toilet, changing diapers, or touching animals. You also need to wash your hands before eating or preparing food. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not effective against Crypto.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Only drink water that you know is safe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Only drink milk and apple cider that have been pasteurized.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't eat uncooked foods when traveling in countries where the food supply might be unsafe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Never go swimming when you have diarrhea.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't swallow water when you go swimming.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use condoms or dental dams every time you have sex. This will also help prevent other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="2236" language="Spanish">Criptosporidiosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003457">Cryptosporidiosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html" id="1435">Drinking Water</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="About Choosing Home Water Filters" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/prevention/about-choosing-home-water-filters.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Cryptosporidiosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Crypto" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/hcp/diagnosis-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cryptosporidiosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cryptosporidiosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryptosporidium enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000617.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Crypto (Cryptosporidium) Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/causes/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ova and Parasite Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parasites and Foodborne Illness" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/pathogens/parasites-and-foodborne-illness" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/enfermedades-por-alimentos/parasitos/parasitos-transmitidas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Crypto During a Boil Water Advisory" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/prevention/crypto-home-boil-water.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cryptosporidiosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cryptosporidiosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Cryptosporidiosis" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/cryptosporidiosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Crypto" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Doctors use CT scans (or CAT scans) to look for broken bones, cancers, blood clots, and more. Learn about the CT scan and what to expect during one." title="CT Scans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html" id="3951" language="English" date-created="11/04/2004">
<also-called>CAT scan</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Computed tomography (CT) is a type of imaging. It uses special x-ray equipment to make cross-sectional pictures of your body. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use CT scans to look for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Cancers&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Signs of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Internal bleeding&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During a CT scan, you lie still on a table. The table slowly passes through the center of a large X-ray machine. The test is painless. During some tests you receive a contrast dye, which makes parts of your body show up better in the image.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html" id="3952" language="Spanish">Tomografía computarizada</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014057">Tomography, X-Ray Computed</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104">Diagnostic Imaging</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html" id="3949">X-Rays</related-topic>
<see-reference>CAT Scans</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal and Pelvic CT (Computed Tomography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Radiology Accredited Facility Search" url="https://www.acraccreditation.org/accredited-facility-search">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arm CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007347.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodyct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodyct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical spine CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007351.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tomography, X-Ray Computed" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Tomography,+X-Ray+Computed%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Computed Tomography (CT) -- Sinuses" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/sinusct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/sinusct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/hoja-informativa-tomografia-computarizada">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contrast Materials" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-contrast" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-contrast">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocoroct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="CT Angiography (CTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CT angiography - abdomen and pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007674.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Full-Body CT Scans: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/full-body-ct-scans-what-you-need-know">
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<site title="How to Read Your Radiology Report" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report">
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<site title="Radiation Exposure and Pregnancy" url="https://hps.org/documents/pregnancy_fact_sheet.pdf">
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Spine CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Así como es importante mantener su cuerpo sano, también necesita mantener sus ojos sanos. Entérese aquí el cómo." title="Cuidado de los ojos y la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html" id="6426" language="Spanish" date-created="02/06/2017">
<also-called>Cuidado de la vista</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus ojos son una parte importante de su salud. La mayoría de las personas confía en sus ojos para ver y dar sentido al mundo que los rodea. Sin embargo, algunas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades de los ojos&lt;/a&gt; pueden conducir a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt;, por lo que es importante identificar y tratar estas enfermedades lo antes posible. Usted debe acudir a una revisión de sus ojos tan seguido como su proveedor de atención médica lo recomiende, o si presenta nuevos problemas de la visión. Así como es importante mantener su cuerpo sano, también necesita mantener sus ojos sanos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sugerencias para el cuidado de los ojos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a mantener sus ojos sanos y asegurarse de que está viendo lo mejor posible:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Coma una dieta saludable y equilibrada: &lt;/strong&gt; Su dieta debe incluir bastantes frutas y verduras, especialmente verduras amarillas y de hojas verdes. Comer pescado rico en ácidos grasos omega-3, como el salmón, el atún y el fletán (halibut), también puede beneficiar a los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga un peso saludable: &lt;/strong&gt;Tener sobrepeso u obesidad aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes. La diabetes le pone en mayor riesgo de contraer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;retinopatía diabética&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html"&gt;glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haga ejercicio regularmente: &lt;/strong&gt;El ejercicio puede ayudar a prevenir o controlar la diabetes, la presión arterial alta y el colesterol alto. Estas enfermedades pueden conducir a algunos problemas del ojo o de la visión. Por lo tanto, si hace ejercicio a menudo, puede reducir el riesgo de tener estos problemas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use gafas de sol:  &lt;/strong&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;exposición al sol&lt;/a&gt; puede dañar los ojos y aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;cataratas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;degeneración macular relacionada con la edad&lt;/a&gt;. Proteja sus ojos con gafas de sol que bloqueen el 99 al 100% de la radiación UVA y UVB&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use gafas protectoras: &lt;/strong&gt;Para evitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones oculares&lt;/a&gt;, usted necesita protección para los ojos, por ejemplo cuando juegue ciertos deportes, trabaje en fábricas o la construcción y haga reparaciones o proyectos en su hogar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evite fumar: &lt;/strong&gt;Fumar aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades de los ojos relacionadas con la edad, como la degeneración macular y cataratas; y puede dañar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html"&gt;nervio óptico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conozca su historia clínica familiar:&lt;/strong&gt;Algunas enfermedades oculares son hereditarias, por lo que es importante averiguar si alguien en su familia las ha tenido. Esto puede ayudarle a determinar si usted está en mayor riesgo de desarrollar alguna&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conozca sus otros factores de riesgo: &lt;/strong&gt;A medida que envejece, usted está en mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades y afecciones a los ojos relacionadas con la edad. Es importante conocer sus factores de riesgo ya que puede reducirlos si cambia algunos hábitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si usa lentes de contacto, tome medidas para prevenir infecciones oculares: &lt;/strong&gt;Lávese bien las manos antes de ponerse o quitarse los lentes de contacto. Siga también las instrucciones sobre cómo limpiarlos correctamente y reemplácelos cuando sea necesario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dé a sus ojos un descanso: &lt;/strong&gt;Si pasa mucho tiempo frente a una computadora, puede olvidarse de parpadear, lo que puede cansar a sus ojos. Para reducir la fatiga ocular, pruebe la regla 20-20-20: Cada 20 minutos, desvíe la vista unos 20 pies (unos seis metros) delante de usted por 20 segundos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pruebas y exámenes oculares&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Todas las personas necesitan un chequeo de su visión para ver si hay problemas de ojos o de visión. Los niños generalmente tienen un examen de la vista durante un chequeo en la escuela o con su proveedor de atención médica. Los adultos también pueden recibir exámenes de la vista durante sus chequeos. Pero muchos adultos necesitan más que un examen de la visión, requieren un examen completo del ojo dilatado.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obtener exámenes de ojos dilatados es especialmente importante porque algunas enfermedades pueden no dar señales de advertencia. Estos exámenes son la única manera de detectar estas enfermedades en sus etapas iniciales, cuando son más fáciles de tratar.
El examen incluye varias pruebas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una prueba de campo visual para medir su visión lateral (periférica). La pérdida de visión periférica puede ser un signo de glaucoma&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una prueba de agudeza visual, en la que lee una tabla optométrica a unos 20 pies de distancia para comprobar qué tan bien ve a distintas distancias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tonometría, que mide la presión interior de su ojo. Ayuda a detectar el glaucoma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dilatación, que consiste en aplicar gotas para los ojos que dilatan (ensanchan) sus pupilas. Así más luz entra en el ojo. Su oftalmólogo examina sus ojos con un lente de aumento especial. Esto proporciona una clara visión de los tejidos importantes en la parte posterior del ojo, incluyendo la retina, la mácula y el nervio óptico&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;error de refracción&lt;/a&gt; y va a necesitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html"&gt;anteojos o lentes de contacto&lt;/a&gt;, también tendrá un examen de refracción. Cuando usted tiene esta prueba, mira a través de un dispositivo que tiene lentes de diferentes potencias para ayudar a su profesional del cuidado de los ojos a encontrar qué lentes le darán la visión más clara.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La edad a la que debe comenzar a someterse a estos exámenes y su frecuencia depende de muchos factores, incluyendo su edad, raza y salud en general. Por ejemplo, si usted es afroamericano, está en mayor riesgo de glaucoma y necesita someterse a los exámenes antes. Si tiene diabetes, debe hacerse un examen anual. Para averiguar si necesita estas pruebas o cuándo someterse a ellas, consulte con su proveedor de atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html" id="6425" language="English">Eye Care</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html" id="1896">Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinfections.html" id="4399">Infecciones de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html" id="1895">Lesiones del ojo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ojos, Cuidado</see-reference>
<see-reference>Visión, Cuidado</see-reference>
<site title="Anteojos o gafas protectoras" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/anteojos-gafas-protectoras" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-protective-eyewear">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cigarrillos y las enfermedades oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/fumar" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/smokers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre exámenes y pruebas de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuatro alimentos fantásticos para mantener sus ojos sanos" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/noticias/cuatro-alimentos-fantasticos-para-mantener-sus-ojo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/four-fantastic-foods">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las lesiones oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/lesiones" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/preventing-injuries">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y nutrición" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/dieta-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios para los ojos pueden mejorar la visión alrededor del punto ciego" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/noticias/los-ejercicios-para-los-ojos-pueden-mejorar-la-vis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento y los ojos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la vista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase un examen de los ojos con dilatación de las pupilas" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/hagase-un-examen-de-los-ojos-con-dilatacion-de-las-pupilas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hágase una detección de enfermedades oculares a los 40 años" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/establecer-una-base-los-40-anos" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/screening">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sana su visión: Aprenda sobre el examen ocular completo con dilatación de pupila" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-sana-su-vision">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sus ojos sanos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/mantenga-sus-ojos-sanos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/keep-your-eyes-healthy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ojo con sus ojos: Tecnologías para proteger la visión" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ojo-con-sus-ojos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ojos envejecidos: Cómo ve al pasar el tiempo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sus-ojos-envejecidos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/your-aging-eyes">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteja sus ojos del daño solar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/proteja-sus-ojos-del-dano-solar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/protect-your-eyes-sun-damage">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Si tiene diabetes, siga estos consejos para prevenir la pérdida de la visión" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/Si-tiene-diabetes-siga-estos-consejos-prevenir-perdida-vision.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-06/Stay-on-TRACK-To-Prevent-Blindness-From-Diabetes.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un oftalmólogo?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los bebés recién nacidos tienen muchas necesidades, como alimentarlos y cambiarles frecuentemente el pañal. Entérese sobre los cuidados necesarios. " title="Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Irse a casa con un nuevo bebé es emocionante, pero también puede causarle ciertos temores. Los recién nacidos tienen muchas necesidades, como alimentarlos y cambiarles frecuentemente el pañal. Los bebés pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html"&gt;problemas de salud &lt;/a&gt; distintos a los de los niños de más edad o los adultos, como irritación por los pañales sucios y la costra láctea. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El bebé pasará por muchos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html"&gt;cambios&lt;/a&gt; durante el primer año de vida. Es posible que al principio se sienta incómoda. Si la necesita, pídale ayuda a un profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1549" language="English">Infant and Newborn Care</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html" id="1788">Lactancia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html" id="1976">Salud del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bebé, Cuidado del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cuidado del bebé</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cólicos</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentando a su recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feednewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feednewborn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alivie el dolor de la dentición de los bebés y los niños de una manera segura" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/alivie-el-dolor-de-la-denticion-de-los-bebes-y-los-ninos-de-una-manera-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-soothing-teething-pain-infants-and-children">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bañar a un bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000020.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambiar los pañales a su bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diapering.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diapering.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el recién nacido al momento de nacer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002395.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chupetes: ¿Son buenos para tu bebé?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/pacifiers/art-20048140?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/pacifiers/art-20048140?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compartir la cama con su bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cosleeping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cosleeping.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprar y cuidar biberones y tetinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comunicación y su recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cnewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cnewborn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos de baño para bebés: Guía para padres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044438?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044438?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conocer a su recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/newborn-variations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-variations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para mantener abrigados a los niños en el invierno" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crear lazos afectivos con el recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000677.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000677.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de las uñas en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001914.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de su bebé al nacer" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/bebe/el-cuidado-de-su-bebe-al-nacer.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/298_832.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado del cordón umbilical en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001926.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el llanto y los cólicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la regurgitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000754.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cunas y su seguridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un pediatra" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/health-management/Paginas/How-To-Choose-A-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener seguro a su bebé cuando duerme: Explicamos la política de la AAP" url="https://healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición en los niños" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/teething.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teething.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición y cuidado de los dientes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis del pañal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir productos seguros para bebés" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/products.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/products.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estoy amamantando a mi bebé y sus heces son amarillas y blandas. ¿Es normal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/baby-poop/faq-20057971?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/baby-poop/faq-20057971?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forma de la cabeza del bebé: ¿Causa de preocupación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para padres primerizos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/guide-parents.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/guide-parents.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer eructar a su bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burping.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos a la hora de acostarse para bebés y niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre cómo criar niños sanos para los padres de bebés y niños pequeños (0-3 años de edad)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parents/spanish/infants/healthy_children.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavado de las prendas de su bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/laundry.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laundry.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llanto en la lactancia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002397.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llanto excesivo en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003023.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llanto y cólico" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Paginas/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001367.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moldeamiento de la cabeza de un recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002270.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niño irritable o melindroso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003214.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el sueño" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="No tengo planes de circuncidar a mi bebé recién nacido. ¿Cómo debo cuidarle el pene no circuncidado?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/uncircumcised-penis/faq-20058327?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/uncircumcised-penis/faq-20058327?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Portabebés: mochilas traseras, mochilas delanteras y arneses" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/on-the-go/paginas/baby-carriers.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/on-the-go/Pages/Baby-Carriers.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primer día de vida" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/first-day.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/first-day.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflejo de Babinski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003294.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflejo de Moro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003293.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflejos en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003292.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regurgitación en los bebés" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/regurgitacion-en-los-bebes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/spitting-up-in-babies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regurgitación en los bebés: Qué es normal y qué no" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud y cuidado infantil" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud y cuidado infantil: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad para el bebé: Cómo mantener su casa segura para su bebé" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguridad-para-el-bebe-como-mantener-su-casa-segura-para-su-bebe/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/child-safety-keeping-your-home-safe-for-your-baby/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguro al dormir: Cunas y productos para bebés" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/es/SafeSleep" language-mapped-url="https://www.cpsc.gov/SafeSleep">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión  de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos en la piel de los recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002301.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobre la atención piel con piel: Método Canguro" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/about-skin-to-skin-care.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/About-Skin-to-Skin-Care.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonrisa saludable para tu bebé: Consejos para mantener sano a tu bebé" url="https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/babybrochure_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/babybrochure.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Recursos de Salud Oral Materna e Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sueño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño y los recién nacidos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleepnewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleepnewborn.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suministros que se necesitan para el bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000541.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suturas craneales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002320.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traer a su bebé a casa: Cómo prepararse para la llegada de su recién nacido" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/bringing-baby-home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/bringing-baby-home.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Los bebés también necesitan pasar tiempo boca abajo!" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/tiempo-boca-abajo" language-mapped-url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los signos del estreñimiento en bebés? ¿Y cuál es la mejor forma de tratarlo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/infant-constipation/faq-20058519?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/infant-constipation/faq-20058519?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo puedo sacar a mi recién nacido a lugares públicos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/newborn-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-out.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se puede promover la seguridad de los niños en un coche?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/coche" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infantcare/conditioninfo/car-safety">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué cuidados reciben los recién nacidos en el hospital?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/hospital">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si padece una enfermedad grave, los cuidados paliativos pueden tratar su malestar, dolor, otros síntomas y estrés. Pueden mejorar su calidad de vida. Obtenga más información." title="Cuidado paliativo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html" id="4824" language="Spanish" date-created="09/29/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los cuidados paliativos son el tratamiento para la incomodidad, los síntomas y el estrés que produce una enfermedad grave. Proporciona alivio de los síntomas problemáticos, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;Dolor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de aliento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Náusea&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el sueño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;También puede ayudarle a lidiar con los efectos secundarios de los tratamientos médicos que está recibiendo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html"&gt;cuidados de hospicio&lt;/a&gt;, la atención que se entrega al final de la vida, siempre incluye cuidados paliativos. Sin embargo, usted puede recibir cuidados paliativos en cualquier etapa de una enfermedad. El objetivo es hacerle sentir cómodo y mejorar su calidad de vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html" id="4823" language="English">Palliative Care</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html" id="1962">Cuidados de hospicio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<site title="Control del dolor: Apoyo para las personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/control-dolor.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/pain-control">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados de confort para niños y sus familias: La historia de una madre" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuidados-de-confort-para-ninos-y-sus-familias-la-historia-de-una-madre" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/comfort-care-for-kids-and-their-families-a-mothers-story">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidados-paliativos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/palliative-care/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos durante el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado/hoja-informativa-cuidados-paliativos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/palliative-care-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos para la dificultad respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos para la insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000365.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos: Cómo son los últimos días" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos: Miedo y ansiedad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Líquidos, los alimentos y la digestión durante los cuidados paliativos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000531.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor durante los cuidados paliativos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000532.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tres sugerencias para familias que están considerando cuidados paliativos" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tres-sugerencias-para-familias-que-estan-considerando-cuidados-paliativos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/3-tips-for-families-considering-palliative-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Quiénes forman parte de su equipo de cuidados paliativos?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/quienes-forman-parte-de-su-equipo-decuidados-paliativos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/whos-on-your-palliative-care-team">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los cuidados paliativos pediátricos?" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/newsandinformation/conversationsmatter/breve-descripcion-de-los-cuidados-paliativos-pedia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NINR_508c_AtaGlance.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los cuidados paliativos?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/que-son-los-cuidados-paliativos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-is-palliative-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los cuidados paliativos?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000536.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cuidado prenatal es más que cuidar la salud en el embarazo. Incluye consultas con su médico y pruebas prenatales. Cuidados específicos por trimestre." title="Cuidado prenatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cuidados durante el embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cuidado prenatal es más que solamente los cuidados de la salud durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;. Este incluye las consultas con su proveedor de atención de salud y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html"&gt;pruebas prenatales&lt;/a&gt;. El cuidado prenatal puede ayudar a su bebé y a usted a mantenerse sanos. También permite al doctor prevenir y descubrir posibles problemas de salud antes, cuando el tratamiento es más efectivo. El tratamiento temprano puede curar muchos problemas y prevenir otros. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su doctor o partera establecerá un calendario de visitas. Si usted es mayor de 35 años o su embarazo es de alto riesgo debido a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;problemas de salud&lt;/a&gt; como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;presión alta&lt;/a&gt;, su doctor o partera probablemente deseará verla más seguido. También querrá verla más seguido cuando se esté acercando su fecha de parto. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6" language="English">Prenatal Care</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104">Embarazo y consumo de sustancias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" id="3092">Pruebas prenatales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6058">Salud y desarrollo fetal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" id="1907">Ácido fólico</related-topic>
<site title="Atención médica durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chequeos durante el embarazo: Comienzo saludable para la mamá y el bebé" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/chequeos-durante-el-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/pregnancy-check-ups">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consume suficiente ácido fólico" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/temas/embarazo/nutricion-y-actividad-fisica/toma-suficiente-acido-folico">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado prenatal" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/prenatal-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/prenatal-care">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado prenatal en el primer trimestre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000544.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado prenatal en el segundo trimestre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000557.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado prenatal en el tercer trimestre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000558.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado y pruebas prenatales" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/prenatal-care-and-tests">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007214.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados previos a la concepción y cuidados prenatales" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidar de usted y de su bebé mientras está embarazada" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-cuidar-de-usted-y-de-su-bebe-mientras-esta-embarazada/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/taking-care-of-you-and-your-baby-while-youre-pregnant/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse sana durante el embarazo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mantenerse-sana-durante-el-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-stay-healthy-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007214_65.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007214_5.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición durante el embarazo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ten un embarazo saludable" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/embarazo/consultas-doctor-o-partera/ten-embarazo-saludable" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/pregnancy/doctor-and-midwife-visits/have-healthy-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tener sobrepeso durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/tener-sobrepeso-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visitas de cuidado prenatal" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/visitas-de-cuidado-prenatal.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/prenatal-care-checkups">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo promover un embarazo saludable?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/promover" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/healthy-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué ocurre durante las visitas prenatales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/visitas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/prenatal-visits">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué pueden hacer los padres para promover la buena salud de su bebé antes de que nazca?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/promover">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede promover un embarazo saludable antes de quedar embarazada?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/embarazada" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/before-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico | Folato" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/folic-acid/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cuidado de hospicio busca ayudar a las personas que están cerca de la muerte a controlar el dolor y otros síntomas. Lo ofrece un equipo profesional. " title="Cuidados de hospicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html" id="1962" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cuidado del paciente en estado terminal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cuidado de hospicio es el cuidado para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html"&gt;final de la vida&lt;/a&gt;. Un equipo de profesionales de la salud y voluntarios lo proveen. Ellos brindan apoyo médico, psicológico y espiritual. El objetivo de estos cuidados es ayudar a las personas que están cerca de la muerte a tener paz, comodidades y dignidad. Las personas que prestan estos cuidados tratan de controlar el dolor y otros síntomas para que el paciente permanezca lo más alerta y cómodo posible. Los programas de cuidados de hospicio también ofrecen apoyo a la familia del paciente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Generalmente, se espera que los pacientes en cuidados de hospicio vivan 6 meses o menos. Los cuidados de hospicio pueden prestarse en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El domicilio del paciente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Un centro de cuidados de hospicio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Un hospital &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Instalaciones de cuidados especializados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html" id="1355" language="English">Hospice Care</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html" id="1844">Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html" id="4824">Cuidado paliativo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html" id="2260">Servicios de atención médica a domicilio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Crónicos o terminales, Cuidado de enfermos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Residencia de enfermos crónicos o terminales, Cuidado en</see-reference>
<site title="Atención para enfermos terminales" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-del-paciente-en-la-etapa-terminal-dentro-del-centro-de-cuidado-de-enfermeria/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/hospice-care/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprendiendo el cuidado en un hospicio" url="https://hospicefoundation.org/Videos/video-player?id=89">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Hospicio de los Estados Unidos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados médicos cuando el tratamiento puede no ser una opción" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidados-paliativos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/palliative-care/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos durante el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado/hoja-informativa-cuidados-paliativos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/palliative-care-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados para pacientes terminales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000467.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los cuidados paliativos y los cuidados de hospicio?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/son-cuidados-paliativos-cuidados-hospicio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hospice-and-palliative-care/what-are-palliative-care-and-hospice-care">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Después de dar a luz usted tendrá necesidades físicas y emocionales. Los cuidados después del parto buscan ayudarla con estos problemas.  " title="Cuidados después del parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumcare.html" id="4920" language="Spanish" date-created="04/16/2009">
<also-called>Cuidado posparto</also-called>
<also-called>Cuidado puerperal</also-called>
<also-called>Cuidados de puerperio</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tener un bebé es uno de los momentos más felices en la vida de una mujer. Pero también presenta desafíos físicos y emocionales.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Descanse lo máximo posible. Puede que lo único que pueda hacer sea comer, dormir y cuidar a su bebé. Y eso está bien. Tendrá pérdidas de sangre, como si tuviera un período menstrual fuera de fecha, durante casi seis semanas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;También puede que tenga las piernas y los pies hinchados, se sienta constipada y tenga calambres. Aún si no está amamantando, puede que salga leche de sus pezones y sienta que sus pechos le duelen, están sensibles o con malestar.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Siga las indicaciones de su médico sobre la actividad física que puede hacer en las próximas semanas, como subir escaleras y caminar.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los médicos normalmente recomiendan no tener relaciones sexuales de cuatro a seis semanas después del parto.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Además de los cambios físicos, puede que se sienta triste. Si usted está muy triste o no puede cuidar de sí misma o de su bebé, puede que esté sufriendo una afección seria llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html"&gt;depresión posparto&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumcare.html" id="4919" language="English">Postpartum Care</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html" id="2100">Depresión posparto</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cuidado postparto</see-reference>
<see-reference>Puerperio</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras un parto vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000628.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajar de peso después del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000586.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el control de los esfínteres por el parto" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/cambios-en-el-control-de-los-esfinteres-por-el-parto/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados posoperatorios para una episiotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de un parto vaginal en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000629.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hora de irse a casa con el bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/Going-Home.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos seguidos después de un parto vaginal normal" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/delivery-room-procedures-following-a-normal-vaginal-birth.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntarle al médico acerca de ir a casa con su bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000949.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntarle al médico acerca del cuidado después del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000961.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuperación después del nacimiento" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/recovering-birth" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/recovering-birth">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuperación después del parto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/recovering-delivery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/recovering-delivery.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Señales de advertencia de problemas de salud después del parto" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/padres/senales-de-advertencia-de-problemas-de-salud-despues-del-parto.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de una urgencia en la madre durante el embarazo o posparto" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/docs/pdf/hearher_women_palmcard_5x7-spanish-508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Su cuerpo después que nace el bebé" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/padres/su-cuerpo-despues-que-nace-el-bebe.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usted conoce su cuerpo  mejor que nadie" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/docs/pdf/CDC-Hear-Her-Womens-Spanish-h.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usted y su pareja después del parto" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/padres/usted-y-su-pareja-despues-del-parto.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La culebrilla o herpes zóster puede causar un ardor o dolor punzante y hormigueo o picazón. El dolor puede ser leve o severo. Síntomas, tratamiento." title="Culebrilla (herpes zóster)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html" id="2243" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La culebrilla o herpes zóster es una infección que causa una dolorosa erupción. Es causada por el virus de la varicela-zoster, el mismo que causa la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html"&gt;varicela&lt;/a&gt;. Después de tener varicela, el virus permanece en su cuerpo. Puede que no cause problemas por muchos años, pero a medida que envejece, el virus puede volver a activarse y causar culebrilla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Es contagiosa la culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La culebrilla no es contagiosa. Usted no puede contagiarse de otra persona. Pero puede contraer la varicela de alguien con culebrilla si tiene contacto directo con el líquido de la erupción de la culebrilla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El riesgo de propagar el virus es bajo si la erupción de la culebrilla se mantiene cubierta. Las personas con culebrilla no pueden propagar el virus antes de que aparezcan las ampollas del sarpullido o después de que se formen costras.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién es más propenso a contraer culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona que haya tenido varicela corre el riesgo de padecer culebrilla. Pero este riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. La culebrilla es más común en personas mayores de 50 años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios débiles tienen un mayor riesgo de tener culebrilla. Esto incluye a aquellos que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades del sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen ciertos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario, como corticoides y medicamentos que toma después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órganos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su sistema inmunitario puede estar debilitado cuando tiene una infección o está estresado. Esto puede aumentar su riesgo de culebrilla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es raro tener culebrilla más de una vez, pero puede ocurrir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los primeros signos de culebrilla incluyen ardor o dolor punzante y hormigueo o picazón. En general, se presenta a un lado del cuerpo o la cara. El dolor puede ser de leve a severo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos días después, tendrá una erupción. Esta consiste en ampollas que generalmente duran entre 7 y 10 días. El sarpullido suele presentarse en una sola banda alrededor del lado izquierdo o derecho del cuerpo. En otros casos, la erupción aparece en un solo lado de la cara. En raras ocasiones, por lo general en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, la erupción puede estar más extendida. Puede parecerse a una erupción de varicela.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas también pueden presentar otros síntomas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas causa la culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La culebrilla puede causar otros problemas (complicaciones):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neuralgia posherpética: Es la complicación más común de la culebrilla. Causa dolor intenso en las áreas donde tuvo la erupción de culebrilla. En general, mejora en unas pocas semanas o meses. Pero algunas personas pueden tener dolor por neuralgia posherpética durante muchos años y puede interferir con la vida diaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si la culebrilla afecta sus ojos puede tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt;. Puede ser temporal o permanente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Problemas de audición&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt;: Son posibles si tiene culebrilla dentro o cerca de su oído. También puede tener debilidad de los músculos en ese lado de la cara. Estos problemas pueden ser temporales o permanentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En muy raras ocasiones, la culebrilla también puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;, inflamación del cerebro (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html"&gt;encefalitis&lt;/a&gt;) o la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, su proveedor de atención médica puede diagnosticar la culebrilla viendo su historia clínica y observando la erupción. En algunos casos, puede sacar una muestra del tejido de la erupción o del líquido de las ampollas y enviarla a un laboratorio para su análisis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para la culebrilla. Los medicamentos antivirales pueden ayudar a que el brote sea más corto y menos severo. También pueden ayudar a prevenir la neuralgia postherpética. Los medicamentos son más efectivos si puede tomarlos dentro de los tres días posteriores a la aparición de la erupción. Por ello, si cree que podría tener culebrilla, hable con su proveedor de atención médica lo antes posible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los analgésicos también pueden ayudar con el dolor. Una toalla fría, loción de calamina y baños de avena pueden ayudar a aliviar parte de la picazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la culebrilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una vacuna, llamada Shingrix, ayuda a prevenir la culebrilla y sus complicaciones. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades recomiendan que los adultos sanos mayores de 50 años se vacunen. Su profesional de la salud también podría recomendarle la vacuna si tiene más de 19 años y tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado. La vacuna se administra en dos dosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene culebrilla, puede ayudar a prevenir la propagación del virus a otras personas al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenerse alejado de:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que no hayan tenido varicela o que no hayan recibido la vacuna contra la varicela, especialmente si están embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;Bebés prematuros&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;de bajo peso al nacer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantener la erupción cubierta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No tocar ni rascarse la erupción&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lavarse las manos con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html" id="90" language="English">Shingles</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html" id="1807">Varicela</related-topic>
<see-reference>Herpes zoster</see-reference>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el herpes zóster" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000560.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la neuralgia posherpética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000555.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Culebrilla" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/culebrilla-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shingles/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Culebrilla" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/culebrilla" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/shingles/shingles">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Culebrilla: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/culebrilla-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/shingles-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herpes zóster" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shingles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shingles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes zóster ótico" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-interno/herpes-z%C3%B3ster-%C3%B3tico">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia postherpética" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de varicela y culebrilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-varicela-y-culebrilla/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chickenpox-and-shingles-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de serología de anticuerpos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Ramsay Hunt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001647.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna recombinante contra el herpes zóster (culebrilla), RZV: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007736.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para la culebrilla" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/shingles/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zóster" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000858.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000858.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cushing's Syndrome (Hypercortisolism) is a rare hormonal disorder caused by over exposure to the hormone, Cortisol. Lab tests can show if you have it." title="Cushing's Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4318" language="English" date-created="02/15/2006">
<also-called>Hypercortisolism</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder. The cause is long-term exposure to too much cortisol, a hormone that your adrenal gland makes. Sometimes, taking synthetic hormone medicine to treat an inflammatory disease leads to Cushing's. Some kinds of tumors produce a hormone that can cause your body to make too much cortisol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cushing's syndrome is rare. Some symptoms are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Upper body obesity &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thin arms and legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe fatigue and muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High blood sugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy bruising&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lab tests can show if you have it and find the cause. Your treatment will depend on why you have too much cortisol. If it is because you have been taking synthetic hormones, a lower dose may control your symptoms. If the cause is a tumor, surgery and other therapies may be needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4319" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Cushing</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003480">Cushing Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="128">Adrenal Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="17-hydroxycorticosteroids urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003459.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACTH blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cushing Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cushing+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cushing disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000348.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cushing disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cushing-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cushing syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000410.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cushing Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cushing-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cushing-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cushing syndrome due to adrenal tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000407.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cushing's Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/cushings-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cushing's Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cushings-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-cushing-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cushing's Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cushings-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cushing's Syndrome: Other FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/more_information/other-faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dexamethasone suppression test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003694.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectopic Cushing syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000406.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exogenous Cushing syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000389.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Cushing's Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hump on upper back (dorsocervical fat pad)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003112.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is There a Cure for Cushing's Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/cure" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/cura">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications to Treat Cushing's" url="https://csrf.net/doctors-answers/medications-to-treat-cushings-qa/medications-to-treat-cushings/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Cushing's Support and Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Researchers Find Potential Genetic Cause of Cushing Syndrome" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-researchers-find-potential-genetic-cause-cushing-syndrome">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cushing's Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cushing+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Cushing's Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Cushing's Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease of the mucus and sweat glands. The symptoms and severity of CF can vary. Get the facts. " title="Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html" id="203" language="English" date-created="08/12/1999">
<also-called>CF</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease of the mucus and sweat glands. It affects mostly your lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs.  CF causes your mucus to be thick and sticky. The mucus clogs the lungs, causing breathing problems and making it easy for bacteria to grow. This can lead to repeated lung infections and lung damage. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms and severity of CF can vary. Some people have serious problems from birth. Others have a milder version of the disease that doesn't show up until they are teens or young adults. Sometimes you will have few symptoms, but later you may have more symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CF is diagnosed through various tests, such as gene, blood, and sweat tests. There is no cure for CF, but treatments have improved greatly in recent years. In the past, most deaths from CF were in children and teenagers. Today, with improved treatments, some people who have CF are living into their forties, fifties, or older. Treatments may include chest physical therapy, nutritional and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;respiratory therapies&lt;/a&gt;, medicines, and exercise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html" id="1843" language="Spanish">Fibrosis quística</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003550">Cystic Fibrosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html" id="312">Lung Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" id="5334">Oxygen Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<site title="A Teacher's Guide to Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://www.cff.org/intro-cf/teachers-guide-cystic-fibrosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://www.cff.org/intro-cf/about-cystic-fibrosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Accommodations for College" url="https://www.cff.org/support/accommodations-college">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Airway Clearance Techniques (ACTs)" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/airway-clearance-techniques-acts">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspergillus and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/aspergillus-and-allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Physical Therapy" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/chest-physical-therapy">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chymotrypsin in Stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chymotrypsin-in-stool/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/quimotripsina-en-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cystic+Fibrosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consider Tube Feeding" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/consider-tube-feeding">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 Community Questions and Answers" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/covid-19-questions-and-answers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cff.org/es/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-covid-19">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic fibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000107.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/cystic-fibrosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Respiratory Screen: Sputum" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cf-screen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cf-screen.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic fibrosis - nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002437.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis and Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/cystic-fibrosis-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/prueba-de-portador-de-fibrosis-quistica.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis Foundation" url="https://www.cff.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/cystic-fibrosis-related-diabetes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic fibrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cystic-fibrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis: Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/cystic-fibrosis-prenatal-screening-and-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/La-fibrosis-quistica-Deteccion-y-diagnostico-prenatal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Day-to-Day Exercise and Cystic Fibrosis (CF)" url="https://www.cff.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/Day-to-Day-Exercise-and-CF.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Tips for Kids With Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Tips for Teens with Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Development Pipeline" url="https://apps.cff.org/trials/pipeline/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to breathe when you are short of breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infections and Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/infections">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Cystic-Fibrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Cystic Fibrosis (CF)" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm: The Slime That Keeps You Healthy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal cystic fibrosis screening test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003409.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postural drainage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystic+Fibrosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Secretin stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003892.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Elastase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stool-elastase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastasa-fecal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sweat electrolytes test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003630.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sweat Test for Cystic Fibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sweat-test-for-cystic-fibrosis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sudor/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testing for CF" url="https://www.cff.org/intro-cf/testing-cf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with breathing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trypsin and chymotrypsin in stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003594.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trypsinogen test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003560.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cystic Fibrosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cystic-fibrosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found worldwide. Most people with CMV don't need treatment. Learn about who is at risk and how to prevent infection." title="Cytomegalovirus Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cytomegalovirusinfections.html" id="3980" language="English" date-created="11/04/2004">
<also-called>CMV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found around the world. It is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox and infectious mononucleosis (mono). Between 50% and 80% of adults in the United States have had a CMV infection by age 40. Once CMV is in a person's body, it stays there for life.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;CMV is spread through close contact with body fluids. Most people with CMV don't get sick and don't know that they've been infected. But infection with the virus can be serious in babies and people with weak immune systems. If a woman gets CMV when she is pregnant, she can pass it on to her baby. Usually the babies do not have health problems. But some babies can develop lifelong disabilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blood test can tell whether a person has ever been infected with CMV. Most people with CMV don't need treatment. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine. Good hygiene, including proper hand washing, may help prevent infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cytomegalovirusinfections.html" id="3981" language="Spanish">Citomegalovirus</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003586">Cytomegalovirus Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cytomegalovirusinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>CMV Infections</see-reference>
<site title="About Cytomegalovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/overview-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cytomegalovirus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cytomegalovirus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CMV - gastroenteritis/colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000667.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CMV blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003546.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CMV in Newborns" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/congenital-infection/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/fact-sheets/parents-pregnant-women-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="CMV pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000664.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CMV retinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000665.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital cytomegalovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001343.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cytomegalovirus" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cytomegalovirus/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/citomegalovirus-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/citomegalovirus-cmv/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000568.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000568.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cytomegalovirus-cmv-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-citomegalovirus-cmv/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cytomegalovirus (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cytomegalovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cytomegalovirus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurological Consequences of Cytomegalovirus" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cytomegalovirus-neurological-consequences">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cytomegalovirus Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cytomegalovirus+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los cálculos biliares pueden causar nauseas, vómitos o dolor en el abdomen, la espalda o debajo del brazo derecho. Causas, tratamiento." title="Cálculos biliares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html" id="4644" language="Spanish" date-created="12/15/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicada bajo el hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Es más probable que la vesícula cause problemas si algo obstruye el flujo de bilis por los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;conductos biliares&lt;/a&gt;. La causa suele ser por cálculos biliares. Los cálculos se forman cuando hay sustancias en la bilis que se endurecen. Las crisis por cálculos suelen presentarse después de las comidas. Los signos de una crisis por cálculos incluyen nauseas, vómitos o dolor en el abdomen, la espalda o debajo del brazo derecho.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los cálculos biliares son más comunes entre los adultos mayores, las mujeres, las personas con sobrepeso, los indígenas estadounidenses y los mexicano-estadounidenses. El tratamiento más común es la extracción de la vesícula biliar. Afortunadamente, la vesícula biliar no es un órgano imprescindible para la vida. La bilis tiene otras vías para llegar al intestino delgado.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH:  Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html" id="4643" language="English">Gallstones</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="1915">Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar</related-topic>
<see-reference>Biliares, Cálculos</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cálculos biliares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000196.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación abierta de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación laparoscópica de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100180_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100180_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colecistectomía" url="https://www.facs.org/media/y3qcstbv/colecistectomia.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.facs.org/~/media/files/education/patient%20ed/cholesys.ashx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio estadounidense de cirujanos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colecistectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100021_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100021_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colecistitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coledocolitiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000274.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos biliares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos biliares" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos biliares" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/calculos-biliares-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/gallstones.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea crónica: ¿Debería preocuparme después de la extracción de la vesícula?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/faq-20058481?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/FAQ-20058481?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para los cálculos biliares" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares/dieta" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración hepatobiliar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación abierta de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002930.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de la vesícula biliar: Método laparoscópico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/remocion-de-la-vesicula-biliar-metodo-laparoscopico/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/gallbladder-removal-laparoscopic-method/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación laparoscópica de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007371.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpieza de la vesícula: ¿Un remedio &quot;natural&quot; para los cálculos biliares?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gallstones/expert-answers/gallbladder-cleanse/faq-20058134?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallstones/expert-answers/gallbladder-cleanse/FAQ-20058134?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del tracto biliar, trastornos de la vesícula biliar y pancreatitis por cálculos biliares" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/trastornos-del-tracto-biliar-trastornos-de-la-vesicula-biliar-y-pancreatitis-por-calculos-biliares/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/biliary-tract-disorders-gallbladder-disorders-and-gallstone-pancreatitis/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer afecta a las células del cuerpo. Entérese sobre diagnóstico, tratamiento, viviendo con cáncer y prevención." title="Cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html" id="1794" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cáncer comienza en las células, que constituyen los ladrillos del cuerpo. Normalmente, el cuerpo forma células nuevas a medida que se necesitan para reemplazar a las células envejecidas que mueren. Algunas veces, este proceso no resulta ser el esperado. Crecen células nuevas que no son necesarias y las células envejecidas no mueren cuando deberían. Estas células adicionales pueden formar una masa llamada tumor. Los tumores pueden ser benignos (no cancerosos) o malignos (cancerosos). Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;tumores benignos&lt;/a&gt; no son cáncer, mientras que los malignos sí lo son. Las células de los tumores malignos pueden invadir los tejidos cercanos. También pueden desprenderse y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cáncer no es solo una enfermedad, sino varias. Existen más de 100 tipos de cáncer. La mayoría de éstos se nombran por su lugar de origen. Por ejemplo, el cáncer de pulmón comienza en el pulmón y el cáncer de seno comienza en el seno. La diseminación de un cáncer desde una parte del cuerpo a otra se denomina metástasis. Los síntomas y el tratamiento dependen del tipo de cáncer y de lo avanzada que esté la enfermedad. La mayoría de los tratamientos incluye cirugía, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt; y/o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos pueden también incluir terapia hormonal, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt; u otros tipos de terapia biológica, o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;trasplante de células madre&lt;/a&gt;.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html" id="25" language="English">Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="2245">Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="1795">Quimioterapia para el cáncer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html" id="2725">Radioterapia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3193">Terapia alternativa para el cáncer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carcinoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Malignidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Neoplasmas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oncología</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumor</see-reference>
<site title="Acrilamida y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-acrilamida" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/acrylamide-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adaptación al cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/adaptacion-al-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/adjusting-to-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Agua fluorada (y el riesgo de cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-agua-fluorada" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/fluoridated-water-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alcohol/hoja-informativa-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/alcohol/alcohol-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antioxidantes y prevención del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-antioxidantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/antioxidants-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003369.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003624.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de la prevención del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/aspectos-generales-prevencion-paciente-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/patient-prevention-overview-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (carcinoma de sitio primario desconocido)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/primario-desconocido/paciente/tratamiento-primario-desconocido-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/unknown-primary/patient/unknown-primary-treatment-pdq#_62">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumores extragonadales de células germinativas)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extragonadal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-extragonadal-pdq#_51" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extragonadal-germ-cell/patient/extragonadal-treatment-pdq#_43">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspirina para reducir el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/investigacion/aspirina">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/estadificacion/hoja-informativa-ganglio-centinela" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de las vías respiratorias altas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003856.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brotes de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/hoja-informativa-brotes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/cancer-clusters-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cigarrillos &quot;light&quot; y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-cigarillos-light" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/light-cigarettes-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía contra el cáncer: Extirpación física del cáncer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-surgery/art-20044171?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-surgery/ART-20044171?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando el cáncer se disemina: Mejorando los tratamientos de la metástasis" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-el-cancer-se-disemina" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/08/when-cancer-spreads">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su tratamiento para el cáncer deja de funcionar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado del cáncer se vuelve personal: Cómo cambian los tratamientos de tumores" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cuidado-del-cancer-se-vuelve-personal" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/01/cancer-care-gets-personal">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores informales de pacientes con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/familia-y-amigos/familiares-a-cargo-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/family-friends/family-caregivers-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001289.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer metastático" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cancer-metastatico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer y las mujeres" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-and-women.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-and-women.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer y los ganglios linfáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer y los hombres" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-and-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-and-men.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer: Aspectos fundamentales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cancer.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerlivingwithcancer.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo decirle a su hijo que tiene cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000934.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con un niño sobre la enfermedad terminal de uno de sus padres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000848.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000848.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo investigar sobre el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000927.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reducir el riesgo de sufrir cáncer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-reducir-el-riesgo-de-sufrir-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/02/lowering-your-cancer-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos y estadísticas sobre el cáncer entre los hispanos/latinos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/investigacion/datos-y-estadisticas-del-cancer/datos-y-estadisticas-sobre-el-cancer-entre-los-hispanos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/hispanics-latinos-facts-figures.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico de cáncer: ¿Necesito una segunda opinión?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000930.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes artificiales y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-edulcorantes-artificiales" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender las pruebas genéticas de riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/genetica/pruebas-geneticas-para-evaluar-el-riesgo-de-cancer/comprension-de-las-pruebas-geneticas-para-el-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-for-cancer-risk/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo el pronóstico de su cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000926.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadificación del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/estadificacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los tumores extragonadales de células germinativas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extragonadal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-extragonadal-pdq#_27" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extragonadal-germ-cell/patient/extragonadal-treatment-pdq#section/_107">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/naturaleza/estadisticas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/hoja-informativa-estres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/stress-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudios clínicos de cáncer en el Centro Clínico de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/centro-clinico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-center">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para ACE" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003574.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploraciones con tomografía computarizada (TC) para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/hoja-informativa-tomografia-computarizada" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes y pruebas para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/diagnostico-y-etapa-del-cancer/pruebas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/diagnosis-staging/tests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genética del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/genetica" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Grado del tumor" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/diagnostico/grado-del-tumor" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-grade">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guía de ensayos clínicos para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000823.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertermia para el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000904.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000904.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neoplasia-endocrina-multiple/paciente-tratamiento-sindromes-nem-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/patient-child-men-syndromes-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre estudios clínicos para pacientes y cuidadores" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/estudios-clinicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Informes de patología" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/diagnostico/hoja-informativa-informes-de-patologia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/pathology-reports-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la angiogénesis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/inmunoterapia/hoja-informativa-inhibidores-angiogenesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/angiogenesis-inhibitors-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunizaciones y vacunas contra la gripe para personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia para el cáncer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfangiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003798.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/diagnostico/hoja-informativa-marcadores-de-tumores" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitos comunes e ideas falsas acerca del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitos populares sobre las causas del cáncer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/ART-20044714?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/ART-20044714?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Más allá de los análisis básicos de sangre" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/obesidad/hoja-informativa-obesidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad y el cáncer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/risk-factors/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/risk-factors/obesity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de dieta para prevenir el cáncer" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cancer-opciones-de-dieta-para-prevenir-el-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/cancer-diet-choices-to-prevent-cancer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plantas crucíferas y la prevención del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-plantas-cruciferas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cruciferous-vegetables-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer: Hágase cargo de su estilo de vida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000825.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos que afirman &quot;curar&quot; el cáncer son un engaño cruel" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-que-afirman-curar-el-cancer-son-un-engano-cruel" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-claiming-cure-cancer-are-cruel-deception">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programas e iniciativas de estudios clínicos del NCI (Instituto Nacional del Cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/estudios-clinicos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pronóstico del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/pronostico">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cariotipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de biomarcadores para el tratamiento de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/pruebas-de-biomarcadores-tratamiento-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas y su riesgo de cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000842.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000842.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para el cáncer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la estadificación del cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000850.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reducir las desigualdades en salud frente al cáncer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cuidado-del-cancer-amplia-su-alcance" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/cancer-care-widens-its-reach">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sentimientos y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/diagnostico-y-etapa-del-cancer/senales-y-sintomas-del-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Su equipo de atención del cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000929.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sustancias químicas en la carne cocinada a altas temperaturas y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-carne-cocinada" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cooked-meats-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000244.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tecnologías que mejoran la cirugía tumoral" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tecnologias-que-mejoran-la-cirugia-tumoral">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia alternativa para el cáncer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia coadyuvante: Tratamiento para evitar que el cáncer regrese" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/adjuvant-therapy/art-20046687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/adjuvant-therapy/ART-20046687?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con láser para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/cirugia/terapia-laser" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/lasers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de hipertermia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/terapia-de-hipertermia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/hyperthermia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia dirigida para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/terapia-dirigida" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia dirigida: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000829.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia fotodinámica para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000906.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000906.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para la menopausia y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-hormonas-menopausia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/mht-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia láser para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000905.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000905.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapias dirigidas para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000902.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teratoma maligno del mediastino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001316.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001316.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tintes para el cabello y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/hoja-informativa-tintes-para-cabello" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/hair-dyes-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de corazón (cardíacos) infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cardiaco/paciente-tratamiento-cardiaco-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del carcinoma de corteza suprarrenal infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/child-adrenocortical-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del carcinoma de línea media con cambios en el gen NUT" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linea-media/paciente-tratamiento-carcinoma-linea-media-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/midline/patient-child-midline-tract-carcinoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del carcinoma de sitio primario desconocido infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/primario-desconocido/paciente/tratamiento-primario-desconocido-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/unknown-primary/patient/child-unknown-primary-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el cáncer: Cómo prevenir infecciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000913.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el cáncer: Menopausia temprana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000901.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000901.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Té y la prevención de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-te" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/tea-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/infecciones/infeccion-con-vih-sida.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-vitamina-d" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/vitamin-d-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se mide el riesgo de cáncer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/deteccion/aspectos-generales-deteccion-paciente-pdq#_8" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/patient-screening-overview-pdq#_155">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/naturaleza/que-es" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un examen de detección del cáncer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/deteccion/aspectos-generales-deteccion-paciente-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/patient-screening-overview-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué sucede si el cáncer regresa?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000833.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de cabeza y cuello incluye tumores en la boca, nariz, senos paranasales, glándulas salivales, garganta y ganglios linfáticos en el cuello. " title="Cáncer de cabeza y cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html" id="1931" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se llama cáncer de cabeza y cuello a los tipos de cáncer que se 
desarrollan en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html"&gt;boca&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html"&gt;nariz y los senos paranasales&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html"&gt;glándulas salivales&lt;/a&gt;; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html"&gt;garganta y la laringe&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de los casos de cáncer 
de cabeza y cuello son cánceres de células escamosas. Comienzan en 
los tejidos húmedos que recubren la cabeza y el cuello. Las células 
cancerosas pueden propagarse a tejidos más profundos a medida que 
la afección crece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay otros tipos de cáncer que se desarrollan en la cabeza y el 
cuello, como el de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html"&gt;cerebro&lt;/a&gt;, de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html"&gt;ojo&lt;/a&gt; y el de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt;. Pero, en general, no 
se consideran cáncer de cabeza y cuello, porque esos tipos de cáncer 
y sus tratamientos son diferentes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de cabeza y 
cuello?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer de cabeza y cuello, pero es 
más probable que lo desarrolle si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Consume tabaco o bebe mucho alcohol: Su riesgo de desarrollar 
cáncer de cabeza y cuello es aún mayor si hace ambas cosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene más de 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes de cáncer de cabeza o cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;VPH&lt;/a&gt; (para el cáncer en las amígdalas y la base de la 
lengua)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Está expuesto a polvo de madera o ciertas otras sustancias tóxicas 
en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html"&gt;trabajo&lt;/a&gt; (para cáncer de garganta, nariz y senos paranasales)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estuvo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;expuesto a la radiación&lt;/a&gt; en la cabeza y el cuello (para el 
cáncer de las glándulas salivales)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una infección por el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV) (para el 
 cáncer de la parte superior de la garganta y de las glándulas 
salivales)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es asiático (para el cáncer de garganta superior)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de cabeza y cuello?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del cáncer de cabeza y cuello pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una llaga en la boca o la garganta que no cicatriza y puede ser 
dolorosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt; que no desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un cambio en la voz o ronquera &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otros posibles síntomas pueden depender del tipo específico de 
cáncer de cabeza y cuello.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los exámenes y pruebas utilizados para diagnosticar el cáncer de 
cabeza y cuello pueden depender del tipo específico de cáncer. Estos 
pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico del área que podría tener cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre y/u orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; u otro procedimiento para recolectar células del área 
donde podría haber cáncer. Las células se observan bajo un 
microscopio para determinar si son anormales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello dependerá del tipo 
específico de cáncer, su etapa (qué tan avanzado está el cáncer), su 
salud general y otros factores. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden 
incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Cirugía &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia para el cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida, que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que 
atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos 
daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, es posible que necesite una combinación de 
tratamientos. En ocasiones, la cirugía puede afectar qué tan bien 
puede masticar, tragar o hablar. La rehabilitación, como la fisioterapia, 
la asesoría dietética y la terapia del habla pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de 
cabeza y cuello:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitar el consumo de alcohol o no beber &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/"&gt;exámenes dentales&lt;/a&gt; regulares&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre la vacuna contra el 
VPH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html" id="330" language="English">Head and Neck Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html" id="1889">Cáncer de esófago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html" id="5842">Cáncer de garganta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html" id="1893">Cáncer de ojo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidcancer.html" id="2195">Cáncer de tiroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html" id="2721">Cáncer nasal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html" id="2062">Cáncer oral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="2079">Enfermedades de la paratiroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="2132">Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cabeza, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cuello, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer de la faringe</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer de la garganta</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer de la laringe</see-reference>
<see-reference>Faringe, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Garganta, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Laringe, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nasal, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Orofaringe, Cáncer</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras disección cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000659.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en boca y cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones orales de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia a la cabeza y el cuello (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de cavidad oral infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-cavidad-oral-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/oral-cavity-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres de cabeza y cuello" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/hoja-informativa-cabeza-cuello" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres de cuello y cabeza" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/canceres-del-cuello-y-cabeza.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/head-neck-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disección del cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007573.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer escamoso metastásico de cuello con tumor primario oculto" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-escamoso-metastasico-cuello-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fumar cigarros puros y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-cigarros-puros" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cigars-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer escamoso metastásico de cuello con tumor primario oculto" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-escamoso-metastasico-cuello-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/metastatic-squamous-neck-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scan-neck.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de glándulas salivales infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-glandula-salival-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de laringe infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-laringe-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/laryngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del carcinoma de línea media con cambios en el gen NUT" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linea-media/paciente-tratamiento-carcinoma-linea-media-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/midline/patient-child-midline-tract-carcinoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de nasofaringe infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-nasofaringe-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tiroides/paciente/tratamiento-tiroides-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/child-thyroid-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del estesioneuroblastoma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-estesioneuroblastoma-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/esthesioneuroblastoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para cáncer de cabeza y cuello" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hdneck" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hdneck">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor del glomus yugular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001634.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y el cáncer orofaríngeo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de cuello uterino es causado por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Este virus se contagia por contacto sexual. Síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html" id="1805" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer cervical</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer de cérvix</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cérvix o cuello uterino es la parte más baja del útero, es el lugar en donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. El cáncer de cuello uterino es causado por un virus llamado virus del papiloma humano (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;VPH&lt;/a&gt;). Este virus se contagia por contacto sexual. El cuerpo de la mayoría de las mujeres es capaz de combatir la infección de VPH. Pero algunas veces, el virus conduce a un cáncer. Las mujeres que tienen mayor riesgo son las que fuman, las que han tenido muchos hijos, las que han utilizado pastillas anticonceptivas por mucho tiempo o las que tienen una infección por VIH. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que en un principio, el cáncer de cuello uterino no cause síntomas, pero más adelante puede haber dolor en la pelvis o sangrado vaginal. Suele tomar varios años para que las células normales del cuello uterino se conviertan en células cancerosas. El médico puede encontrar células anormales haciendo una citología vaginal o Papanicolau (Pap) al examinar las células del cuello uterino. También, puede pedirle que se realice un examen de VPH. Si los resultados son anormales, usted necesitará una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; u otros exámenes. Hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;exámenes&lt;/a&gt; con regularidad, permitirá a su doctor encontrar y tratar cualquier problema antes que se convierta en cáncer.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento puede incluir cirugía, terapia de radiación, quimioterapia o una combinación de estos. El tratamiento dependerá del tamaño del tumor, si el cáncer se ha propagado o si usted quisiera quedar embarazada más adelante. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas pueden proteger contra varios tipos de VPH, incluyendo algunos que causan cáncer.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html" id="111" language="English">Cervical Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5322">Chequeo médico de la mujer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214">Enfermedades del útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6207">Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de cuello uterino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html" id="5416">Trastornos del cuello uterino</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cuello uterino, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer cervical</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dilatación y curetaje</see-reference>
<see-reference>Raspaje</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia dirigida por colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia en cono" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003910.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Causas, factores de riesgo y prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/causas-factores-riesgos-prevencion#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/causes-risk-prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/tratamiento/cirugia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/treating/surgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Criocirugía del cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002917.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer cervical" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-cuello-uterino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000893.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000893.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/hacer-frente" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/coping">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la diseñadora de modas Liz Lange venció al cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-la-disenadora-de-modas-liz-lange-vencio-al-cancer-de-cuello-uterino" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-fashion-designer-liz-lange-beat-cervical-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección y prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Displasia cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100080_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100080_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001491.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de cuello uterino: ¿Es un cáncer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/faq-20058142?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/FAQ-20058142?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="El VPH y el cáncer de cuello uterino: Lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-vph-y-el-cancer-de-cuello-uterino-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hpv-and-cervical-cancer-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/estadios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/stages">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/es/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino y de vagina infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/cancer-cuello-uterino-vagina-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/childhood-cervical-vaginal-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pronóstico y tasas de supervivencia del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/supervivencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/survival">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de cuello uterino: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-pildoras-anticonceptivas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resultados anormales en las pruebas del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y de Papanicolaou" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/senales-sintomas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobreviviente de cáncer cervical llama a los jóvenes a vacunarse contra el VPH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sobreviviente-de-cancer-cervical-llama-a-los-jovenes-a-vacunarse-contra-el-vph" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cervical-cancer-survivor-urges-young-people-to-get-hpv-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento/tratamiento-cancer-durante-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment/cancer-treatment-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino según el estadio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento/segun-estadio" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment/by-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra los virus del papiloma humano" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-vacuna-vph" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/vph-y-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de cuello uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de cuello uterino en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-cuello-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Con frecuencia el cáncer de estómago se diagnostica tarde y puede ser difícil de tratar. Entérese sobre causas, síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de estómago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html" id="2172" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer estomacal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El estómago es un órgano que se ubica entre el esófago y el intestino delgado. Mezcla los alimentos con el ácido estomacal y ayuda a digerir las proteínas. El cáncer de estómago afecta principalmente a las personas mayores, dos tercios de las personas con este tipo de cáncer es mayor de 65 años. El riesgo de padecer cáncer de estómago aumenta si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene una infección por &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html"&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ha tenido inflamación del estómago &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Come abundantes alimentos salados, ahumados o encurtidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fuma cigarrillos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer de estómago &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es difícil diagnosticar el cáncer de estómago en sus primeras etapas. La indigestión y la molestia estomacal pueden ser síntomas de una etapa temprana del cáncer, pero otros problemas también pueden causar los mismos síntomas. En los casos avanzados, puede haber sangre en las heces, vómitos, pérdida de peso inexplicable, ictericia o dificultades para tragar. Los médicos diagnostican el cáncer de estómago con un examen físico, pruebas de sangre y de imagen, una endoscopia y una biopsia. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dado que con frecuencia se diagnostica tarde, puede ser difícil de tratar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de éstas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html" id="419" language="English">Stomach Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html" id="2173">Enfermedades del estómago</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer gástrico</see-reference>
<see-reference>Estómago, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gástrico, Cáncer</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causas y factores de riesgo del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/causas-factores-riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/causes-risk-factors">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/tratamiento/tipos-de-cirugias.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/treating/types-of-surgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo y biopsia de tejido gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de estómago" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-estomago-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/stomach-cancer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de estómago infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/infantil" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/childhood">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000223.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer gástrico difuso hereditario" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11889/cancer-gastrico-difuso-hereditario/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar el cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/afrontar" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/coping">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/deteccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/screening">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis por radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagogastroduodenoscopia (EGD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003888.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/estadios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/stages">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100022_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100022_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002945.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-h-pylori" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/h-pylori-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores de estroma gastrointestinal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tegi-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que puede hacer a su médico sobre el cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pronóstico y tasas de supervivencia del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/supervivencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/survival">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para encontrar el cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos gástricos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/treating.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de estómago según el estadio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/tratamiento/segun-estadio" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/treatment/by-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de estómago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo del cáncer de estómago?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del cáncer de estómago?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de estómago?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de estómago?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer del estómago?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-estomago.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/about/what-is-stomach-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué indican las estadísticas clave sobre el cáncer de estómago?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de esófago ocurre en el conducto que lleva alimentos desde la boca al estómago. No presenta síntomas en un inicio. Síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de esófago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html" id="1889" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El esófago es un tubo hueco que transporta los alimentos y los líquidos desde la garganta hasta el estómago. El cáncer de esófago en sus estadios tempranos no suele causar síntomas. Más adelante puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor o dificultad para tragar&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida de peso &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Voz ronca o tos que no cesa &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una persona está a mayor riesgo de este cáncer si fuma, toma mucho alcohol o tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;reflujo de ácido estomacal&lt;/a&gt;. El riesgo aumenta con los años.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Su profesional de la salud usará pruebas de imágenes para diagnosticar el cáncer de esófago. El tratamiento incluye cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia. Es posible que también necesite &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html"&gt;apoyo nutricional&lt;/a&gt;, ya que el cáncer o su tratamiento pueden hacer difícil tragar los alimentos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html" id="245" language="English">Esophageal Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Barrett, Esófago de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Esófago, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras esofagectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de esófago)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-pdq#_159" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-treatment-pdq#_159">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de esófago" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/pulm%C3%B3n-es%C3%B3fago-y-otras-enfermedades-del-pecho/c%C3%A1ncer-de-es%C3%B3fago" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/lung-esophageal-and-other-chest-diseases/esophageal-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000283.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la dilatación esofágica" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-dilataci%C3%B3n-esof%C3%A1gica" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-eso-dilation-updated">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y alimentación después de una esofagectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esofagectomía abierta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007397.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007396.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagogastroduodenoscopia (EGD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003888.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-pdq#_129" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-treatment-pdq#_129">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esófago de Barrett" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esofago-de-barrett-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/barretts-esophagus.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/deteccion-esofago-pdq#section/_19" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-screening-pdq#_19">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo del cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophaguscancer/detailedguide/esophagus-cancer-risk-factors">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-pdq#_107" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-treatment-pdq#_107">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que deben formularse acerca del cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/prevencion-esofago-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de los exámenes de detección del cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/deteccion-esofago-pdq#section/_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-screening-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de apoyo para el cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/tratamiento/terapia-paliativa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/treating.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de esófago infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/child-esophageal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del tratamiento de cáncer de esófago" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de esófago?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es cáncer de esófago?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-esofago.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/about/what-is-cancer-of-the-esophagus.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de esófago en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los principales factores de riesgo del cáncer de garganta son el tabaco, tabaco que no se fuma y el alcohol. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de garganta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html" id="5842" language="Spanish" date-created="08/29/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de garganta es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de cabeza y cuello&lt;/a&gt;. Se lo denomina de diferentes maneras dependiendo de cuál parte de la garganta es afectada. Las partes de su garganta se llaman orofaringe, hipofaringe, nasofaringe y laringe o caja laríngea. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los principales factores de riesgo del cáncer de garganta son el consumo de tabaco y beber alcohol en forma excesiva. Algunos tipos de cáncer de garganta tienen otros factores de riesgo. Por ejemplo, tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;VPH&lt;/a&gt; es un factor de riesgo del cáncer orofaríngeo.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del cáncer de garganta pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de garganta que no mejora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una protuberancia en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o zumbido en los oídos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de oído&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar el cáncer de garganta, los médicos pueden hacer un examen físico y de historia clínica, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia. Usted también puede necesitar otras pruebas, dependiendo del tipo de cáncer. Los tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia. El tratamiento para algunos tipos de cáncer de garganta también puede incluir terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html" id="5841" language="English">Throat Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html" id="1931">Cáncer de cabeza y cuello</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html" id="2062">Cáncer oral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html" id="2261">Enfermedades de la garganta</related-topic>
<see-reference>Garganta, Cáncer</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión orofaríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de amígdalas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tonsil-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20367939?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de garganta" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de garganta o laringe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000020.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de garganta o laringe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001042.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de laringe y de hipofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de nasofaringe" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-nasofaringe-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de orofaringe (garganta) y de cavidad oral (boca)" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oralcavityandoropharyngealcancer/detailedguide/index">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de hipofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-hipofaringe-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de laringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-laringe-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de nasofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-nasofaringe-pdq#_31">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de orofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-orofaringe-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre los cánceres de laringe y de hipofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre los tipos de cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de la hipofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-hipofaringe-pdq#section/_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de la nasofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-hipofaringe-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de la orofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-orofaringe-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de laringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-laringe-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laringectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007398.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral según la etapa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/tratamiento/por-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que puede hacer a su médico sobre los cánceres de laringe o de hipofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de laringe infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-laringe-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/laryngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de laringe y de hipofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de nasofaringe infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-nasofaringe-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de laringe o de hipofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/cancer/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y el cáncer orofaríngeo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿En qué consisten los tipos de cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-cavidad-oral.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/about/what-is-oral-cavity-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible detectar los tipos de cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible prevenir los cánceres de laringe y de hipofaringe?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento de los cánceres de laringe y de hipofaringe?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede encontrar los cánceres de laringe y de hipofaringe en sus etapas tempranas?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen tres tipos de cáncer de huesos: Osteosarcoma, condrosarcoma y sarcoma de Ewing. Entérese sobre diagnóstico, síntomas, tratamiento." title="Cáncer de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html" id="1779" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer óseo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es raro que un cáncer empiece su desarrollo en el hueso. Es más común que el cáncer se haya diseminado al hueso desde otras partes del cuerpo.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos de cáncer óseo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Osteosarcoma: generalmente, se desarrolla entre los 10 y 19 años de edad y ocurre más comúnmente en la rodilla o en la parte superior del brazo &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;	Condrosarcoma: comienza en el cartílago, por lo general después de los 50 años de edad &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Sarcoma de Ewing: ocurre más frecuentemente en niños y adolescentes varones menores de 19 años. &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síntoma más común del cáncer de hueso es el dolor. Otros síntomas varían dependiendo de la ubicación y el tamaño del cáncer. La cirugía suele ser el tratamiento habitual. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir amputación, quimioterapia y radiación. Debido a que el cáncer de hueso puede volver después del tratamiento, es importante que se realicen visitas regulares de seguimiento.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html" id="169" language="English">Bone Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html" id="1780">Enfermedades de los huesos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hueso, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Osteorsacoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumor de Ewing</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (osteosarcoma e histiocitoma fibroso maligno óseo)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-osteosarcoma-pdq#section/_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (sarcoma de Ewing)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-ewing-pdq#section/_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq#_47">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de huesos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonebiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonebiopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de hueso" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/tratamiento/cirugia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/surgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer infantil: Osteosarcoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer-osteosarcoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-osteosarcoma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer primario de hueso" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/hoja-informativa-hueso" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/bone-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo entender el cáncer avanzado, el cáncer metastásico y la metástasis en los huesos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/cancer-avanzado/que-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/bonemetastasis/index">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del osteosarcoma y el histiocitoma fibroso maligno óseo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-osteosarcoma-pdq#section/_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq#section/_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del sarcoma de Ewing" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-ewing-pdq#section/_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq#_28">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del cáncer de hueso" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de hueso" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el osteosarcoma y el histiocitoma fibroso maligno óseo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-osteosarcoma-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el sarcoma de Ewing" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-ewing-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metástasis ósea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bone-metastasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370191?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-metastasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370191?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteosarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001650.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteosarcoma" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteosarcoma-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/osteosarcoma.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética TP 53 (proteína tumoral 53)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para encontrar el cáncer de hueso" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoma de Ewing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001302.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11860/sindrome-de-li-fraumeni/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cordoma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hueso/paciente/tratamiento-cordoma-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/child-chordoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor óseo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001230.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastía y cifoplastía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vertebro" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vertebro">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de hueso" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del cáncer de hueso?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de hueso?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-hueso/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-hueso.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/about/what-is-bone-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre factores de riesgo, síntomas y tratamiento del cáncer de hígado." title="Cáncer de hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html" id="2008" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Carcinoma hepatocelular</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer hepático</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El hígado es el órgano de mayor tamaño dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda al organismo a digerir los alimentos, almacena energía y elimina toxinas. El cáncer hepático primario comienza en el hígado. El cáncer de hígado metastático comienza en otro lugar y se disemina al hígado. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo de cáncer de hígado primario incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html"&gt;Hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;C&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumir grandes cantidades de alcohol  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt;, o cicatrización hepática&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;hemocromatosis&lt;/a&gt;, una afección que causa problemas con el almacenamiento de hierro en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Obesidad y diabetes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden incluir una masa o dolor en el lado derecho del abdomen y coloración amarillenta de la piel. Sin embargo, usted puede no presentar síntomas hasta que el cáncer ya esté avanzado. Esto dificulta el tratamiento. Los doctores usan pruebas que examinan el hígado y la sangre para diagnosticar cáncer de hígado. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de hígado&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html" id="309" language="English">Liver Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Carcinoma hepatocelular</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hígado, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="5'-Nucleotidasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003575.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ablación termal para el tratamiento de tumores" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thermal-ablation-therapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thermal-ablation-therapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alfa fetoproteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del tracto biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoma hepatocelular en niños" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-higado-infantil/carcinoma-hepatocelular" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/childhood-liver-cancer/hepatocellular-carcinoma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Causas, factores de riesgo y prevención del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado/causas-factores-de-riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/causes-risk-factors">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coriocarcinoma de hígado en lactantes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-higado-infantil/coriocarcinoma-lactantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/childhood-liver-cancer/infantile-choriocarcinoma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/cirugia/crioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/cryosurgery">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de hígado infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-higado-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/childhood-liver-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de hígado: Carcinoma hepatocelular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000280.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado/deteccion#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/screening">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado/estadios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/stages">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de gamma-glutamil transferasa (CGT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003458.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/livercancer/detailedguide/liver-cancer-prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatoblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-higado-infantil/hepatoblastoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/childhood-liver-cancer/hepatoblastoma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metástasis hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000277.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000277.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que deben formularse acerca del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ACE" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ace/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cea-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de marcador tumoral AFP (alfafetoproteína)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-afp-alfafetoproteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-tumor-marker-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioembolización transarterial (TACE)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chemoembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chemoembol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoma embrionario indiferenciado de hígado en niños" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-higado-infantil/sarcoma-embrionario-indiferenciado" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/childhood-liver-cancer/undifferentiated-embryonal-sarcoma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasas de supervivencia del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/tasas-de-supervivencia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de hígado: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/livercancer/overviewguide/liver-cancer-overview-treating-general-info">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de hígado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de hígado?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de hígado?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es cáncer de hígado?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-higado.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/about/what-is-liver-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de hígado?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de hígado en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer intestinal es poco frecuente. Entérese sobre factores de riesgo, síntomas y tratamiento de cáncer de intestino." title="Cáncer de intestino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalcancer.html" id="3653" language="Spanish" date-created="01/13/2004">
<also-called>Cáncer intestinal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El intestino delgado forma parte del sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo que conecta el estómago al intestino grueso. El cáncer intestinal es poco frecuente, pero las dietas ricas en grasas, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad celíaca&lt;/a&gt; y los antecedentes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;pólipos en el colon&lt;/a&gt; pueden aumentar el riesgo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos síntomas posibles de cáncer del intestino delgado incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin razón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presencia de sangre en las heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aparición de masas en el abdomen&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los estudios con imágenes que muestran el intestino delgado y el área que lo rodea pueden ayudar a diagnosticar el cáncer de intestino y revelar si se diseminó. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento más común es la cirugía. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de ambas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalcancer.html" id="3652" language="English">Intestinal Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html" id="2172">Cáncer de estómago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831">Cáncer del colon y del recto</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intestino, Cáncer del</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras resección del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de intestino delgado)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/intestino-delgado/paciente/tratamiento-intestino-delgado-pdq#_98" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq#_53">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia capsular" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis por radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroclisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003818.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de intestino delgado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/intestino-delgado/paciente/tratamiento-intestino-delgado-pdq#_89" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de intestino delgado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/intestino-delgado/paciente/tratamiento-intestino-delgado-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores de estroma gastrointestinal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tegi-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leiomioma intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000251.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resección de intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100039_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100039_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002943.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de estroma gastrointestinal infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tegi-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/child-gist-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores neuroendocrinos gastrointestinales infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrino-gi-infantiles-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/child-gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las glándulas salivales secretan saliva a la boca. El cáncer de glándulas salivales puede no tener ningún síntoma. Entérese sobre diagnóstico, tratamiento." title="Cáncer de la glándulas salivales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5332" language="Spanish" date-created="12/23/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus glándulas salivales producen saliva y la deposita en la boca a través de unas aberturas llamadas ductos. La saliva hace que la comida se humedezca, lo que ayuda a masticar y a tragar. Ayuda a digerir la comida. También limpia su boca y contiene anticuerpos que matan gérmenes. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de la glándula salival es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de cabeza y cuello&lt;/a&gt;. Es poco común. Puede que no cause ningún síntoma o usted puede notar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto en su oreja, mejilla, mandíbula, labio o dentro de la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Líquido que drena de su oreja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para tragar o para abrir grande su boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento, debilidad o dolor en su cara&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican el cáncer de glándulas salivales usando un examen físico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia. El tratamiento puede incluir cirugía, radiación y/o quimioterapia.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5331" language="English">Salivary Gland Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="2132">Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Glándula salival, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salival, Cáncer en la glándula</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de glándulas salivales en adultos)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-glandulas-salivales-pdq#_75">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la glándula salival" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003847.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de glándulas salivales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-glandulas-salivales-pdq?redirect=true#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sialograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003812.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de glándulas salivales infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-glandula-salival-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores de las glándulas salivales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001040.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores de las glándulas salivales: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/salivary-gland-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354155?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de vesícula biliar es difícil de diagnosticar porque no presenta síntomas en su etapa inicial. Entérese sobre diagnóstico, tratamientos." title="Cáncer de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4646" language="Spanish" date-created="12/15/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicado debajo del hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
El cáncer de la vesícula biliar es muy poco común. Ocurre más frecuente en mujeres e indios norteamericanos. Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ictericia (color amarillo de la piel y en las partes blancas de los ojos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor más arriba del estomago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hinchazón del abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nódulos en el abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Es difícil de detectar el cáncer de la vesícula en sus etapas tempranas.  Los médicos suelen encontrarlo al extirpar la vesícula por causa de otra enfermedad. Las personas con cálculos en la vesícula biliar raramente presentan este cáncer. El cáncer de la vesícula puede ser difícil de tratar porque a menudo no se detecta hasta que ya se ha desarrollado.  Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen la cirugía, quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de terapias.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4645" language="English">Gallbladder Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de vesícula biliar)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_105" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/tratamiento/cirugia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/treating/surgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_72" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de la vesícula biliar: Método laparoscópico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/remocion-de-la-vesicula-biliar-metodo-laparoscopico/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/gallbladder-removal-laparoscopic-method/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para diagnosticar el cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/diagnostico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/diagnosis.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos de vesícula: ¿Pueden ser malignos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia paliativa para cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/tratamiento/terapia-paliativa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de vesícula biliar irresecable, metastásico o recidivante" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_267" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_254">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de vesícula biliar localizado y localmente avanzado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_263" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_250">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de vesícula biliar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de vesícula biliar?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-vesicula-biliar.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/about/what-is-gallbladder-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de vesícula biliar?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las glándulas suprarrenales pueden ser afectadas por tumores. La mayoría son benignos. Algunos tipos son el neuroblastoma y el feocromocitoma. " title="Cáncer de las glándulas suprarrenales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html" id="5212" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus glándulas suprarrenales se encuentran encima de cada riñón. Estas glándulas producen hormonas que son esenciales para la vida, incluyendo hormonas sexuales y cortisol, que ayuda a responder al estrés y tiene muchas otras funciones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Varios problemas pueden afectar a las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html"&gt;glándulas suprarrenales&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo tumores. Éstos pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los tumores benignos no son cáncer, pero sí los malignos. La mayoría de los tumores de las glándulas suprarrenales son benignos (no cancerosos). Usualmente no causan síntomas y pueden no necesitar tratamiento. Los tumores malignos (cancerosos) de glándulas suprarrenales son poco comunes. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tipos de tumores incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal, un cáncer en la parte externa de la glándula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html"&gt;Neuroblastoma&lt;/a&gt;, un tipo de cáncer que afecta a los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pheochromocytoma.html"&gt;Feocromocitoma&lt;/a&gt;, un tumor raro que usualmente es benigno.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas dependen del tipo de cáncer que tenga. Los tratamientos pueden incluir cirugía, quimioterapia o radioterapia. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html" id="5211" language="English">Adrenal Gland Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="1724">Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adrenales, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glándulas adrenales, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glándulas suprarrenales, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Suprarrenales, Cáncer</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (carcinoma de corteza suprarrenal)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-pdq#_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq#_46">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoma corticosuprarrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001663.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del carcinoma de corteza suprarrenal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-pdq#_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de las glándulas suprarrenales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007437.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el carcinoma de corteza suprarrenal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/suprarrenal/paciente/tratamiento-corteza-suprarrenal-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical/patient/adrenocortical-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de aldosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cortisol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sulfato de DHEA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de cuerpo (tórax, abdomen, pelvis)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de ductos biliares puede ser causado por enfermedades del hígado o la colitis. Entérese sobre síntomas, pruebas y tratamiento." title="Cáncer de los ductos biliares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductcancer.html" id="5906" language="Spanish" date-created="12/13/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su hígado produce un jugo digestivo llamado bilis. Su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html"&gt; vesícula biliar&lt;/a&gt; la almacena entre comidas. Cuando come, la vesícula biliar empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;ductos biliares&lt;/a&gt;. Estos llevan la bilis al intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a descomponer las grasas. También ayuda al hígado a deshacerse de toxinas y desechos.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de los ductos biliares es poco común. Puede ocurrir en las partes de los ductos biliares que están dentro o fuera del hígado. El cáncer de las ductos biliares afuera del hígado es mucho más común. Los factores de riesgo incluyen tener inflamación de los ductos biliares, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerativa&lt;/a&gt; y algunas enfermedades del hígado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ictericia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Picazón en la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los exámenes para diagnosticar el cáncer de ductos biliares pueden incluir un examen físico, pruebas de imagen de los conductos hepáticos y biliares, análisis de sangre y una biopsia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento incluye cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html" id="5905" language="English">Bile Duct Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4646">Cáncer de la vesícula biliar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html" id="3788">Enfermedades de los ductos biliares</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ductos biliares, Cáncer de los</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia del tracto biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causas y factores de riesgo del cáncer de vías biliares" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/causas-factores-riesgos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/causes-risk-factors">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colangiocarcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000291.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiografía transhepática percutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100180_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100180_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del cáncer de vías biliares" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de vías biliares" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/estadios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/stages">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000220.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de bilirrubina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-bilirrubina-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la vesícula biliar con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de cuerpo (tórax, abdomen, pelvis)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de vías biliares" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de vías biliares (colangiocarcinoma)?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/cancer-vias-biliares" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/bile-duct-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de ojo es poco común. Entérese sobre síntomas y tipos, incluyendo el retinoblastoma. Pruebas, síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html" id="1893" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer ocular</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de ojo es poco común. Puede afectar las partes externas del ojo, como los párpados, que están formados por músculos, piel y nervios. Si comienza en el interior del globo ocular se denomina cáncer intraocular. Los cánceres intraoculares más comunes en adultos son el melanoma y el linfoma. El cáncer de ojo más común en los niños es el retinoblastoma, que comienza en las células de la retina. El cáncer también puede diseminarse desde el ojo hasta otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento del cáncer de ojo varía según el tipo y el estado en el que se encuentre. Puede incluir cirugía, radioterapia, terapia con calor o frío o tratamiento con rayos láser.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html" id="491" language="English">Eye Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5405">Enfermedades de los párpados</related-topic>
<see-reference>Melanoma intraocular</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojo, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Retinoblastoma</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (melanoma ocular uveal)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_55" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq#_38">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (retinoblastoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/retinoblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-retinoblastoma-pdq#_43" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq#_43">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer ocular" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/cancer-de-ojo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres que afectan la retina" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-retina/c%C3%A1nceres-que-afectan-la-retina" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/cancers-affecting-the-retina">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del melanoma ocular uveal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_30" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq#_19">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del retinoblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/retinoblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-retinoblastoma-pdq#_27" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq#_27">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Excrecencias en los párpados" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/excrecencias-en-los-p%C3%A1rpados" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/eyelid-growths">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el melanoma ocular uveal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el retinoblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/retinoblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-retinoblastoma-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001022.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nevo (peca del ojo)" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/nevo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-nevus">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinoblastoma" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/retinoblastoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinoblastoma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinoblastoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/retinoblastoma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinoblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001030.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del melanoma ocular uveal infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/child-intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el melanoma ocular uveal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_88" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq#_59">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de las glándulas lagrimales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001611.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el melanoma ocular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/melanoma-ocular" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-melanoma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un retinoblastoma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-retinoblastoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-retinoblastoma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de ovario es difícil de detectar a tiempo porque puede no causar signos o síntomas tempranos. Es importante reconocer los signos y conocer cómo reducir el riesgo" title="Cáncer de ovario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html" id="2068" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer ovárico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer de ovario?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad en la que células anormales en el cuerpo crecen sin control, formando un tumor. El cáncer de ovario es un tumor canceroso que se forma en los tejidos de un ovario. Los ovarios son un par de glándulas reproductivas femeninas que producen óvulos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; femeninas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de cáncer de ovario hay?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen tipos diferentes de cáncer de ovario. El tipo más común es el cáncer epitelial. Comienza en las células que recubren el ovario.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Además, hay dos tipos relacionados de cáncer epitelial que pueden propagarse a los ovarios:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El cáncer de trompa de Falopio se forma en el tejido que recubre una trompa de Falopio. Las trompas de Falopio son un par de tubos largos y delgados a cada lado del útero. El útero es el órgano reproductor femenino donde crece un bebé durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El cáncer peritoneal primario se forma en el tejido que recubre el peritoneo, un revestimiento de tejido que cubre los órganos en el abdomen (vientre)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ambos tipos de cáncer son similares al de ovario y tienen los mismos tratamientos. Por ello, algunos expertos médicos también los consideran como tipos de cáncer de ovario.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otros tipos de cáncer de ovario menos comunes son los tumores malignos de células germinales y los tumores del estroma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el cáncer de ovario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de ovario ocurre cuando hay cambios (mutaciones) en el material genético (ADN). A menudo, se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los cánceres de ovario son causados por cambios genéticos que ocurren durante la vida. Pero, en ocasiones, estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que nace con ellos. El cáncer de ovario causado por cambios genéticos hereditarios se conoce como cáncer de ovario hereditario.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También hay ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de cáncer de ovario, incluyendo cambios llamados BRCA1 y BRCA2. Estos dos cambios también aumentan el riesgo de cáncer de mama y de otros tipos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Además de la genética, su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer de ovario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ovario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ovario. Incluyen aquellas que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen antecedentes familiares de cáncer de ovario en una madre, hija o hermana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen cambios hereditarios en los genes BRCA1 o BRCA2&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen ciertas afecciones genéticas, como el síndrome de Lynch&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html"&gt;endometriosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomaron &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;terapia de reemplazo hormonal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son altas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son mayores, especialmente quienes han pasado por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de ovario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que el cáncer de ovario no cause signos o síntomas temprano. En el momento en que se presentan signos o síntomas, a menudo el cáncer está avanzado.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor, hinchazón o sensación de presión en el abdomen o la pelvis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urgencia repentina o frecuente de orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para comer o sentirse lleno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto en el área pélvica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas gastrointestinales, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt;, hinchazón o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de ovario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene cáncer de ovario, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su &lt;strong&gt;historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su &lt;strong&gt;historia de salud familiar&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo familiares que hayan tenido cáncer de ovario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar un &lt;strong&gt;examen físico&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo un examen pélvico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es probable que haga &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede hacer &lt;strong&gt;exámenes de sangre&lt;/strong&gt; como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-antigeno-de-cancer-125-para-cancer-de-ovario/"&gt;prueba de CA-125 en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, la única manera de saber con certeza si tiene cáncer de ovario es mediante una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; del tejido. Esta se realiza durante la cirugía para extirpar el tumor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de ovario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el cáncer de ovario pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; para extirpar la mayor cantidad posible de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia dirigida:&lt;/strong&gt; Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que se realice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para detectar cambios genéticos que aumenten el riesgo de cáncer de ovario. Saber si tiene o no el cambio genético puede ayudar a su proveedor a decidir sobre su plan de tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de los exámenes de detección del cáncer de ovario, de trompas de Falopio y primario de peritoneo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/deteccion-ovario-pdq#_35" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-screening-pdq#_35">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del cáncer de ovario" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/es/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de tumores ováricos del estroma según la etapa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/tratamiento/tumores-estromales.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/treating/stromal-tumors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de ovario" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de ovario infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-ovario-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/child-ovarian-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer epitelial de ovario y de trompas de Falopio en estadio temprano" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_347" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_347">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer epitelial de ovario, de trompas de Falopio y primario de peritoneo en estadio avanzado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_195" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_195">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer epitelial de ovario, de trompas de Falopio y primario de peritoneo recidivante o persistente" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_203" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_203">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triatleta cuenta su victoria en la carrera contra el cáncer" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/triatleta-cuenta-su-victoria-en-la-carrera-contra-el-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/triathlete-on-winning-the-cancer-race">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de células de Sertoli-Leydig" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001172.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de ovario" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible tener cáncer de ovario después de una histerectomía?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/faq-20057780?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/FAQ-20057780?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de ovario?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de ovario?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de ovario?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-ovario.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/about/what-is-ovarian-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede detectar el cáncer de ovario en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de ovario?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de piel es el más común en EE. UU. Pueden haber varios tipos, incluyendo el melanoma. Entérese sobre causas, prevención y tratamiento.  " title="Cáncer de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html" id="2149" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de piel es la forma de cáncer más común en los Estados Unidos. Los dos tipos más comunes son el cáncer de células basales y el cáncer de células escamosas. Por lo general, se forman en la cabeza, la cara, el cuello, las manos y los brazos. Otro tipo de cáncer de piel, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html"&gt;melanoma&lt;/a&gt;, es más peligroso pero menos común. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de piel, pero es más común entre quienes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pasan mucho tiempo bajo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;sol&lt;/a&gt; o sufrieron quemaduras por el sol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tienen piel, cabello y ojos claros &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tienen un familiar con cáncer de piel &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tienen más de 50 años de edad&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debe hacer que un médico revise cualquier indicio sospechoso en la piel y cualquier cambio en el aspecto de su piel. El tratamiento tiene más probabilidades de surtir mejor efecto cuando el cáncer se detecta con anticipación. Cuando no se tratan, ciertos tipos de cáncer de piel pueden diseminarse a otros tejidos y órganos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia fotodinámica (PDT, por sus siglas en inglés) y terapia biológica. La terapia fotodinámica utiliza un medicamento y un tipo de luz láser para eliminar las células cancerosas. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html" id="405" language="English">Skin Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html" id="2179">Exposición al sol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html" id="2028">Melanoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carcinoma basocelular</see-reference>
<see-reference>Carcinoma de células de Merkel</see-reference>
<see-reference>Merkel, Carcinoma de las células de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Piel, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (carcinoma de células de Merkel)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-merkel-pdq#_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/merkel-cell-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoexamen de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoma de células basales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000824.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de Mohs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007634.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/cirugia/crioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/cryosurgery">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cualquier persona puede padecer cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/cualquiera-padecer-cancer-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/anyone-can-get-skin-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de la piel" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-piel-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/skin-cancer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de la piel: Tratamiento" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/about/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de piel de células basales y de células escamosas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-de-celulas-basales-y-escamosas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-basalandsquamouscell/detailedguide/skin-cancer-basal-and-squamous-cell-what-is-basal-and-squamous-cell?sitearea=">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de piel escamocelular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000829.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reducir el riesgo de cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se ve el cáncer de piel" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/espanol/types?NoAds">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Dermatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección del cáncer de piel: Consejos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/deteccion-del-cancer-de-piel-consejos-del-instituto-nacional-del-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/spotting-skin-cancer-tips-from-the-national-cancer-institute/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico de cáncer de piel destaca la importancia de exámenes anuales" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/diagnostico-de-cancer-de-piel-destaca-la-importancia-de-examenes-anuales" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/skin-cancer-diagnosis-highlights-importance-of-annual-checks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del carcinoma de células de Merkel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-merkel-pdq#_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/merkel-cell-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-pdq#_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas del melanoma cutáneo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/statistics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/statistics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cáncer de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-cancer-de-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-cancer-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de piel (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el carcinoma de células de Merkel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-merkel-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/merkel-cell-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pasos a tomar para protegerse del sol" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/pasos-tomar-para-protegerse-del-sol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/prevencion-piel-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer empieza en la niñez" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-prevention-starts-in-childhood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para los cánceres de piel de células basales y de células escamosas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-de-celulas-basales-y-escamosas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratosis actínica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000827.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de los exámenes de detección del cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq#section/_32" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq#_32">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del carcinoma basocelular congénito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001452.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tome medidas para prevenir el cáncer de piel" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/cancer/tome-medidas-prevenir-cancer-piel" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la queratosis actínica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-pdq#_100" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#_100">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del carcinoma de células basales y el carcinoma de células escamosas de piel infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/child-skin-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del tratamiento del cáncer de piel de células basales o de células escamosas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-de-celulas-basales-y-escamosas/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Protector solar en invierno?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/protector-solar-en-invierno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/sunscreen-in-the-winter">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre los cánceres de piel de células basales y de células escamosas?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-de-celulas-basales-y-escamosas/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de próstata es uno de los más comunes en hombres estadounidenses. Entérese sobre factores de riesgo, síntomas, pruebas, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html" id="2110" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer prostático</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad en la que las células del cuerpo crecen sin control. El cáncer de próstata comienza en las células de la próstata, una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Esta se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga y produce un líquido que forma parte del semen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de próstata es uno de los tipos más comunes. A menudo crece muy lentamente. Si no se propaga a otras partes del cuerpo, es posible que no cause problemas graves. Pero, en ocasiones, el cáncer de próstata puede crecer rápidamente y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo. Este tipo de cáncer de próstata es grave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no saben bien qué causa el cáncer de próstata. Sí saben que ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que se nacen con ellos. También hay ciertos cambios genéticos que ocurren durante la vida que pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de próstata. Pero a menudo se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.&lt;/p&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona que tenga próstata puede desarrollar cáncer de próstata. Pero ciertos factores pueden hacer que sea más probable su aparición:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: Su probabilidad de tener cáncer de próstata aumenta a medida que envejece. El cáncer de próstata es raro en personas menores de 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar de salud&lt;/strong&gt;: Su riesgo de cáncer de próstata es mayor si tiene un padre, un hermano o un hijo que tiene o ha tenido cáncer de próstata&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza&lt;/strong&gt;: Los afroamericanos son más propensos a padecer cáncer de próstata. También es más probable que:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tengan cáncer de próstata a una edad más temprana&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tengan un cáncer de próstata más grave&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Puedan morir de cáncer de próstata&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de próstata no siempre causa síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si causa síntomas, estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html"&gt;orinar&lt;/a&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un chorro de orina que es débil, difícil de comenzar o comienza y se detiene&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Necesidad repentina de orinar&lt;/a&gt; de inmediato&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Orinar con frecuencia, especialmente por la noche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o ardor al orinar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sangre en la orina o semen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Dolor en la parte baja de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;espalda&lt;/a&gt;, las caderas o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html"&gt;pelvis &lt;/a&gt; que no desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Dolor durante la eyaculación (la expulsión de semen a través del pene durante el orgasmo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Pero muchos de estos síntomas pueden deberse a otros problemas comunes de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html"&gt;próstata&lt;/a&gt; que no son cáncer, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;agrandamiento de la próstata&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debe hablar sobre la salud de su próstata con su profesional de la salud si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tiene síntomas que podrían ser cáncer de próstata&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de próstata&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Le hicieron una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html"&gt;prueba de detección&lt;/a&gt; que sugiere que podría tener cáncer de próstata&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las pruebas para la próstata y cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas que detectan el cáncer de próstata incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examen rectal digital&lt;/strong&gt;: En este examen, su proveedor palpa su próstata en busca de bultos o cualquier cosa inusual insertando un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prueba de sangre del antígeno prostático específico (PSA)&lt;/strong&gt;: Un nivel alto de PSA en la sangre puede ser un signo de cáncer de próstata. Pero muchas otras cosas también pueden causar niveles altos de PSA&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas pruebas pueden usar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ultrasonido &lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;  para tomar imágenes de su próstata&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si estas pruebas muestran que es posible que tenga cáncer de próstata, el siguiente paso suele ser una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de próstata. Una biopsia es la única manera de diagnosticar el cáncer de próstata.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante una biopsia, un médico usa una aguja para extraer un poco de tejido de la prostáta. El tejido se estudia bajo un microscopio para buscar células cancerosas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, las opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su estado general de salud y la gravedad del cáncer. El tratamiento puede incluir una o más de las siguientes opciones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Observación&lt;/strong&gt;: Se usa principalmente si es mayor, no es probable que su cáncer de próstata crezca rápidamente y no tiene síntomas o tiene otras afecciones médicas. Su profesional de la salud seguirá controlando su cáncer a lo largo del tiempo para ver si necesitará comenzar un tratamiento para el cáncer. Hay dos tipos de observación:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espera vigilante&lt;/strong&gt; significa tener pocas o ninguna prueba. Si los síntomas comienzan o cambian, recibirá tratamiento para aliviarlos, pero no para tratar el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vigilancia activa&lt;/strong&gt; significa hacerse pruebas periódicas para ver si su cáncer de próstata ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer o si presenta síntomas, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; para extirpar la próstata puede ser una opción si el cáncer no se ha propagado fuera de la próstata&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; usa mucha energía para destruir las células cancerosas o evitar que crezcan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia hormonal&lt;/strong&gt; impide que las células cancerosas obtengan las hormonas que necesitan para crecer. Puede incluir tomar medicamentos o someterse a una cirugía para extirpar los testículos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; utiliza medicamentos para destruir las células cancerosas, retrasar su crecimiento o evitar que se propaguen. Puede tomar los medicamentos por vía oral, por inyección, como crema o por vía intravenosa&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia dirigida&lt;/strong&gt; usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas. Este tratamiento causa menos daño a las células sanas que la radioterapia o la quimioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ayuda a su propio sistema inmunitario a combatir el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hacer cambios saludables en el estilo de vida puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer de próstata. Estos cambios incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;No fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;Hacer suficiente ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Consumir alimentos saludables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html" id="112" language="English">Prostate Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html" id="2111">Enfermedades de la próstata</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html" id="6209">Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de próstata</related-topic>
<see-reference>Próstata, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras braquirradioterapia de la próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000162.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras prostatectomía radical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000301.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación a la próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000399.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de próstata)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/tratamiento-prostata-pdq#_142" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq#_142">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007385.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comparación de los efectos secundarios de los tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/comparacion-de-los-efectos-secundarios-de-los-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/comparing-side-effects-prostate-cancer-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concientización sobre el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/prostate-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/resources/features/ProstateCancer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca el riesgo de padecer cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000931.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioterapia para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000907.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000907.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades del cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000380_81.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000380_21.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000380.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de próstata: síntomas, pruebas y tratamientos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cancer-de-prostata-sintomas-pruebas-y-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/prostate-cancer-symptoms-tests-and-treatments">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres posteriores al cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/despues-del-tratamiento/segundos-canceres.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/after-treatment/second-cancers.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadificación del cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000397.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/tratamiento-prostata-pdq#_120" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq#_120">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/es/statistics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/statistics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/tratamiento-prostata-pdq#_102" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq#_102">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/tratamiento-con-vacunas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/vaccine-treatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Observación o vigilancia activa para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/espera-en-observacion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/watchful-waiting.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PC-SPES (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/pc-spes-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/pc-spes-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/prevencion-prostata-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostatectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100046_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100046_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatectomía radical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007300.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ACE" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ace/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cea-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de próstata: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tacto rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/hoja-informativa-terapia-hormonal" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/prostate-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000908.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000908.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la propagación del cáncer de próstata a los huesos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/tratamiento-del-dolor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/treating-pain.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pros_cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pros_cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de próstata que no desaparece o que regresa después del tratamiento" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/recurrencia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/recurrence.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000403.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del tratamiento del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de próstata?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de próstata?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-prostata.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/about/what-is-prostate-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de pulmón se forma en los tejidos del pulmón, generalmente en las células que recubren las vías respiratorias. Es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer tanto en hombres como en mujeres." title="Cáncer de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html" id="2012" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Carcinoma broncopulmonar</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer pulmonar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer de pulmón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de pulmón es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; que se forma en los tejidos del pulmón, generalmente en las células que recubren los conductos de aire. Es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer tanto en hombres como mujeres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos principales, &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas&lt;/strong&gt; y &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas&lt;/strong&gt;. Estos dos tipos crecen de manera diferente y se tratan de distinta manera. El cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas es el tipo más común.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener de cáncer de pulmón?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de pulmón, pero algunos factores aumentan el riesgo de tenerlo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;: Es el factor de riesgo más importante para el cáncer de pulmón. Fumar tabaco causa cerca de nueve de cada 10 casos de cáncer de pulmón en hombres y ocho de cada 10 casos en mujeres. Mientras más años fume, y mayor sea el número de cigarrillos que fume cada día, más sube su riesgo. Su riesgo también es mayor si fuma mucho y bebe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; todos los días, o toma suplementos de betacaroteno. Si &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;deja de fumar&lt;/a&gt;, su riesgo será menor del que tendría si hubiera seguido fumando, pero aún tendrá un mayor riesgo que aquellos que nunca han fumado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;Humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;: También conocido como inhalación pasiva de humo, es la combinación de humo que sale de un cigarrillo y el humo que exhala un fumador. Cuando respira humo de segunda mano, está expuesto a los mismos agentes cancerígenos que los fumadores, aunque en menor cantidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Antecedentes familiares de cáncer de pulmón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar expuesto al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html"&gt;asbesto&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html"&gt;arsénico&lt;/a&gt;, cromo, berilio, níquel, hollín o alquitrán en el lugar de trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;expuesto a la radiación&lt;/a&gt;, por ejemplo:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; en el seno o el tórax&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html"&gt;Radón&lt;/a&gt; en el hogar o lugar de trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografías computarizadas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;Infección por VIH&lt;/a&gt;: Su riesgo es mayor si tiene VIH. Sin embargo, las tasas de tabaquismo son más altas en las personas que tienen VIH, por lo que no está claro si el mayor riesgo se debe a la infección por VIH o al tabaquismo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;Contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt;: Los estudios muestran que vivir en áreas con mayor nivel contaminación del aire aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de pulmón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que el cáncer de pulmón no cause ningún signo o síntoma hasta que esté avanzado. En ocasiones, el cáncer se encuentra durante una radiografía de tórax realizada por otro problema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de cáncer de pulmón pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor&lt;/a&gt; o molestias en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; que no desaparece o que empeora con el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tos con sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ronquera&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Sentirse muy cansado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hinchazón en la cara y / o venas en el cuello.&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de pulmón?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene cáncer de pulmón, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre sus antecedentes familiares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar pruebas de imagen, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía&lt;/a&gt; de tórax o una tomografía computarizada de tórax&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, incluyendo análisis de sangre y esputo (mucosidad que se expulsa de los pulmones)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Puede realizar un procedimiento para tomar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de su pulmón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene cáncer de pulmón, su profesional de la salud solicitará otras pruebas para determinar si se ha propagado a través de los pulmones, los ganglios linfáticos y el resto del cuerpo. Esto se llama estadificación. Conocer el tipo y el estadio del cáncer de pulmón que tiene ayuda a su proveedor de atención médica a decidir qué tipo de tratamiento necesita.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas&lt;/strong&gt;, su proveedor también puede realizarle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar ciertos cambios genéticos (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/"&gt;variantes&lt;/a&gt;) en sus células cancerosas. Los resultados de las pruebas pueden ayudar a guiar el tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de pulmón?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón, los tratamientos actuales no curan el cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su tratamiento dependerá del tipo de cáncer de pulmón que tenga, hasta qué punto se ha propagado, su salud general y otros factores. Puede recibir más de un tipo de tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia con láser, que utiliza un rayo láser para eliminar las células cancerosas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Colocación de stent endoscópico: Un endoscopio es un instrumento delgado en forma de tubo que se usa para observar tejidos dentro del cuerpo. Se puede usar para colocar un dispositivo llamado stent. El stent ayuda a abrir una vía aérea que ha sido bloqueada por tejido anormal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia con láser&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia fotodinámica: Utiliza un medicamento y un cierto tipo de luz láser para eliminar las células cancerosas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Criocirugía: Utiliza un instrumento para congelar y destruir tejido anormal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Electrocauterización: Tratamiento que utiliza una sonda o aguja calentada por una corriente eléctrica para destruir tejido anormal&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de pulmón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Evitar los factores de riesgo puede ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de pulmón. Por ejemplo usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;deja de fumar&lt;/a&gt;. Y si no fuma, no empiece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Disminuir su exposición a sustancias peligrosas en el trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Disminuir su exposición al radón. Las pruebas de radón pueden mostrar si su hogar tiene altos niveles de este gas. Usted puede comprar un kit de prueba o contratar a un profesional para hacer la prueba&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Mediastinoscopia con biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Metástasis al pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000097.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Nódulo pulmonar solitario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000071.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulos pulmonares: ¿Pueden ser cancerosos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/expert-answers/lung-nodules/faq-20058445?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/expert-answers/lung-nodules/FAQ-20058445?p=1">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de pulmón (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/prevencion-pulmon-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer empieza en la niñez" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-prevention-starts-in-childhood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Prueba de ACE" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ace/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cea-test/">
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<site title="Pruebas de detección del cáncer de pulmón" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/es/screening/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/screening/">
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<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas de cáncer de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-geneticas-de-cancer-de-pulmon/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-cancer-genetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
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<site title="Radón y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/radon/hoja-informativa-radon" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de los exámenes de detección del cáncer de pulmón" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/deteccion-pulmon-pdq#_45" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-screening-pdq#_38">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007342.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Tos con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lung-cancer-therapy">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
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<site title="Tumor pleural metastásico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000117.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores traqueobronquiales infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-traqueobronquial-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/child-tracheobronchial-treatment-pdq">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de páncreas es la cuarta causa principal de muerte por cáncer en EE. UU. Entérese sobre factores de riesgo, síntomas, pruebas, tratamiento." title="Cáncer de páncreas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html" id="2074" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Carcinoma pancreático</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer pancreático</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;. El cáncer de páncreas es la cuarta causa principal de muerte por cáncer en los Estados Unidos. Algunos factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de páncreas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fumar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sufrir de diabetes por mucho tiempo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pancreatitis crónica &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Algunos trastornos hereditarios &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de páncreas es difícil de detectar con anticipación. No causa síntomas de inmediato. Cuando los síntomas aparecen, suelen ser vagos o imperceptibles. Incluyen una coloración amarillenta de la piel y los ojos, dolor en el abdomen y la espalda, pérdida de peso y fatiga. Además, como el páncreas está oculto detrás de otros órganos, los profesionales de la salud no pueden ver ni palpar los tumores en los exámenes de rutina. Para el diagnóstico, los doctores hacen un examen físico, pruebas de sangre, exámenes de imágenes y una biopsia.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dado que frecuentemente se detecta tarde y se disemina rápidamente, el cáncer de páncreas puede ser difícil de tratar. Los posibles tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html" id="469" language="English">Pancreatic Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="2075">Enfermedades del páncreas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer de células de los islotes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Células de los islotes, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Páncreas, Cáncer del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zollinger-Ellison, Síndrome de</see-reference>
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<site title="Alta tras cirugía de cáncer pancreático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000820.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<site title="Amilasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de glucagón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-glucagon/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucagon-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de páncreas)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-pdq#section/_52" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pancreatic-treatment-pdq#_162">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento de los tumores neuroendocrinos de páncreas (tumores de células de los islotes)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-tne-pdq#section/_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq#_42">
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<site title="Biopsia del tracto biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
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<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de páncreas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007649.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/tratamiento/cirugia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/treating/surgery.html">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer pancreático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000236.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000236.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los tumores neuroendocrinos de páncreas (tumores de células de los islotes)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-tne-pdq#section/_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-pdq#section/_37" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pancreatic-treatment-pdq#_139">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de estimulación de secretina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003892.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de lipasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de péptido intestinal vasoactivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003508.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de tripsinógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003560.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámen de sangre para gastrina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucagonoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000326.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pancreatic-treatment-pdq#_110">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores neuroendocrinos de páncreas (tumores de células de los islotes)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-tne-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insulinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000387.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de tratamiento para los tumores neuroendocrinos de páncreas (tumores de células de los islotes)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-tne-pdq#section/_84" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq#section/_99">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que deben formularse acerca del cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de amilasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-amilasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amylase-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de CA-19-9 en sangre (cáncer de páncreas)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ca-19-9-en-sangre-cancer-de-pancreas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ca-19-9-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de una vacuna de ARNm para tratar el cáncer de páncreas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/prueba-de-una-vacuna-de-arnm-para-tratar-el-cancer-de" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/08/testing-mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000325.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de páncreas infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/child-pancreatic-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos específicos contra el cáncer de páncreas son prometedores" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-tratamientos-especificos-contra-el-cancer-de-pancreas-son-prometedores">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000393.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de páncreas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vipoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000228.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de páncreas?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de páncreas?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-pancreas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/about/what-is-pancreatic-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de páncreas en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los síntomas del cáncer de riñón son difíciles de detectar al principio. Entérese sobre los principales síntomas y opciones de tratamiento." title="Cáncer de riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html" id="1988" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer renal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene dos riñones. Los riñones son órganos del tamaño de un puño de la mano ubicados a cada lado de la columna, por arriba de la cintura. Los tubos que se encuentran dentro de ellos filtran y limpian la sangre eliminando los productos de desecho y produciendo orina. El cáncer de riñón se forma en la membrana que recubre los tubos diminutos que están dentro de los riñones.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Este cáncer se hace más común a medida que envejecemos. Los factores de riesgo incluyen fumar, algunas enfermedades genéticas y el mal uso de analgésicos por períodos prolongados. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es probable que las personas con cáncer de riñón no tengan síntomas al principio de la enfermedad pero van apareciendo a medida que el cáncer crece. Consulte a su médico si observa:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sangre en la orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Un bulto en el abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin razón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en el costado que no desaparece &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida del apetito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;pruebas&lt;/a&gt; para detectar cáncer de riñón incluyen exámenes de sangre, orina y de imagen. Usted también puede necesitar una biopsia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la edad, el estado general de salud y de cuán avanzado esté el cáncer. Podría incluir cirugía, quimioterapia o radiación,  terapia biológica o dirigida. La terapia biológica estimula la capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html" id="301" language="English">Kidney Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilmstumor.html" id="3076">Tumor de Wilms</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carcinoma de células renales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer renal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renal, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Riñón, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Ablación y otros tratamientos locales para el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/ablacion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/ablation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación de un riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000295.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia ureteral retrógrada por cepillado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003906.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003906.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoma de células renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000516.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352664?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/es/about/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/about/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer del uréter o pelvis renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000525.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de células renales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-rinon-pdq#section/_88" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-staging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen citológico de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003905.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003905.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación del riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003001.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación quirúrgica del riñón (nefrectomía)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100069_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100069_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003790.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematuria microscópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hematuria-microscopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de células renales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-rinon-pdq#_198" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia para el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/inmunoterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/immunotherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nefrectomía (extracción de riñón)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003782.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielograma intravenoso (PIV)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ivp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que se deben formular acerca del cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de PD-L1 (inmunoterapia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para detectar el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/quimioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-treating-chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia para el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/radioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-treating-radiation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes hereditarios de cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/genetica-de-rinon-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-genetics-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de medicamentos dirigidos para el cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/terapia-dirigida.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de riñón según la etapa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/por-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-treating-by-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de Wilms: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilmstumor.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilmstumor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del tratamiento de cáncer de riñón" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del cáncer de riñón?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de riñón?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de riñón?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-rinon.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/about/what-is-kidney-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de riñón en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de mama es el segundo tipo de cáncer más común en las mujeres de Estados Unidos. Las mamografías son la mejor manera de detectarlo en sus etapas iniciales, cuando es más fácil de tratar" title="Cáncer de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html" id="1786" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer de mama</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer de pecho</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de mama es un cáncer que comienza en el tejido mamario. Ocurre cuando las células de la mama cambian y crecen sin control. Estas células suelen formar un tumor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, la propagación del cáncer se detiene. A esto se le llama "in situ". Si el cáncer se disemina fuera de la mama, el cáncer se denomina "invasivo". Es posible que solo se disemine a los tejidos y los ganglios linfáticos cercanos. O el cáncer puede hacer metástasis (propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo) a través del sistema linfático o la sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de mama es el segundo tipo de cáncer más común en mujeres en los Estados Unidos. En raras ocasiones, también puede afectar a hombres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de cáncer de mama. Estos tipos se basan en qué células mamarias se convierten en cáncer. Los tipos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Carcinoma ductal&lt;/strong&gt;: Comienza en las células de los conductos. Es el tipo más común&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Carcinoma lobulillar&lt;/strong&gt;: Comienza en los lobulillos. Se encuentra con más frecuencia en ambas mamas que otros tipos de cáncer de mama&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cáncer de mama inflamatorio&lt;/strong&gt;: En este tipo, las células cancerosas bloquean los vasos linfáticos de la piel de la mama. El seno se calienta, se enrojece y se hincha. Es un tipo raro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedad de Paget de seno&lt;/strong&gt;: Cáncer que afecta la piel del pezón. En general, también afecta la piel más oscura alrededor del pezón. También es raro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de mama ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN). A menudo, se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, en ocasiones estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que se nace con ellos. El cáncer de seno causado por cambios genéticos heredados se denomina cáncer de mama hereditario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También existen ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de cáncer de mama, incluidos los cambios en los genes &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; y &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt;. Ambos cambios también aumentan el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html"&gt;cáncer de ovario&lt;/a&gt; y otros tipos de cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de la genética, su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer de mama.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren riesgo de tener cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los factores que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer de seno incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Edad avanzada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Historial de cáncer de mama o enfermedad benigna (no cancerosa) de la mama&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Riesgo heredado de cáncer de mama, incluyendo la aparición de cambios en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tejido mamario denso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un historial reproductivo que lleva a una mayor exposición a la hormona estrógeno, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;Menstruar&lt;/a&gt; a una edad temprana&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener mayor edad al dar a luz por primera vez o nunca haber dado a luz&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comenzar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt; a una edad más avanzada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;Recibir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;terapia hormonal&lt;/a&gt; para los síntomas de la menopausia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; en el pecho &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beber &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los signos y síntomas del cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas del cáncer de seno incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un bulto nuevo o engrosamiento en el seno, o cerca de éste, o en la axila&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un cambio en el tamaño o la forma de la mama&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un hoyuelo o arrugas en la piel del seno. Puede parecer la piel de una naranja&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un pezón vuelto hacia adentro en el seno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Secreción del pezón que no es leche materna. La secreción puede ocurrir de repente, ser sanguinolenta o suceder solo en un seno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Piel escamosa, enrojecida o inflamada en el área del pezón o en la mama&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en cualquier parte de la mama&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el cáncer de mama y determinar el tipo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico, incluyendo un examen clínico de los senos. Esto implica verificar si hay bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual en los senos y las axilas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html"&gt;mamografía&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía &lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/"&gt;Biopsia de mama&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de química sanguínea que miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Algunas de las pruebas químicas específicas de la sangre incluyen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/"&gt;panel metabólico básico&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/"&gt;panel metabólico completo&lt;/a&gt; y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/"&gt;análisis de electrolitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;Si estas pruebas muestran que tiene cáncer de mama, se le realizarán exámenes para estudiar las células cancerosas. Estas pruebas ayudan a su médico a decidir qué tratamiento sería mejor para usted. Las pruebas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para cambios genéticos en los genes&lt;i&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-brca/"&gt;BRCA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; y &lt;i&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/"&gt;TP 53&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cancer-de-seno-her2/"&gt;Prueba HER2&lt;/a&gt;: La HER2 es una proteína involucrada en el crecimiento celular. Está en el exterior de todas las células mamarias. Si las células de su cáncer de mama tienen más HER2 de lo normal, pueden crecer más rápidamente y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una prueba de receptor de estrógeno y progesterona. Esta prueba mide la cantidad de receptores de estrógeno y progesterona (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt;) en el tejido canceroso. Si hay más receptores de lo normal, el cáncer se llama receptor de estrógeno y/o progesterona positivo. Este tipo de cáncer de mama puede crecer más rápidamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Otro paso es la estadificación del cáncer. La estadificación implica realizar pruebas para determinar si el cáncer se ha diseminado dentro de la mama o a otras partes del cuerpo. Las pruebas pueden incluir otras pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y una biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela. Esta biopsia se realiza para ver si el cáncer se ha propagado a los ganglios linfáticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomía&lt;/a&gt;, que extirpa todo el seno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una tumorectomía para extirpar el cáncer y parte del tejido normal que lo rodea, pero no la mama en sí&lt;/li&gt;
 
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia hormonal: Esta impide que las células cancerosas obtengan las hormonas que necesitan para crecer&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de mama?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de mama haciendo cambios saludables en su estilo de vida, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limitar el consumo de alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;suficiente ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Limitar su exposición al estrógeno al:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;Amamantar &lt;/a&gt;a sus bebés si puede&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limitar la terapia hormonal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un alto riesgo, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que tome ciertos medicamentos para reducir el riesgo. Algunas mujeres con un riesgo muy alto pueden decidir hacerse una mastectomía (de sus senos sanos) para prevenir el cáncer de mama.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También es importante hacerse mamografías con regularidad. Es posible que puedan identificar el cáncer de mama en las primeras etapas, cuando es más fácil de tratar.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html" id="1787">Enfermedades del seno</related-topic>
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<site title="Detección temprana y diagnóstico del cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosticada durante el embarazo: La historia del cáncer de seno de una madre joven" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/diagnosticada-durante-el-embarazo-la-historia-del-cancer-de-seno-de-una-madre-joven" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/diagnosed-when-pregnant-a-young-moms-breast-cancer-story">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diferencias raciales y étnicas en el cáncer de mama en los EE. UU." url="https://www.komen.org/wp-content/uploads/Racial-and-Ethic-Diff-Trifold-KO2084-SPA-FINAL-11-17-HR.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía de las mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003379.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Paget de seno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-paget-seno" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/paget-breast-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadificación del cáncer de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000911.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de seno (mama)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-pdq#_148" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq#_148">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas sobre el cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/es/statistics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/statistics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen citológico del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003866.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación del tumor de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100003_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100003_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de seno (mama) (PDQ®)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/deteccion-seno-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo del cáncer de seno relacionados con el estilo de vida" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/riesgos-y-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo-para-el-cancer-de-seno-relacionados-con-el-estilo-de-vida.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/lifestyle-related-breast-cancer-risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre el cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/es/about/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de seno (mama)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-pdq#_125" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq#_125">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el tratamiento del cáncer de mama durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-embarazo-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/pregnancy-breast-treatment-pdq#_63">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la aromatasa para reducir el riesgo de cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/riesgos-y-prevencion/inhibidores-de-la-aromatasa-para-disminuir-el-riesgo-de-cancer-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/aromatase-inhibitors-for-lowering-breast-cancer-risk.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfogammagrafía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mamografía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina de precisión para el cáncer de mama" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/precision-medicine-breast-cancer/about/pac-20385240?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mutaciones en BRCA: Riesgo de cáncer y pruebas genéticas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/genetica/hoja-informativa-brca" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de cirugía para las mujeres con carcinoma ductal in situ o con cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/opciones-de-cirugia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/surgery-choices">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/prevencion-seno-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de BRCA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-brca/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/brca-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de marcador tumoral HER2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-her2/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/her2-tumor-marker-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de PD-L1 (inmunoterapia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética del PTEN" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética TP 53 (proteína tumoral 53)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de cáncer de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000837.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del cáncer de mama y mujeres con discapacidades" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de receptores de estrógeno y de progesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-receptores-de-estrogeno-y-de-progesterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-receptor-progesterone-receptor-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas para BRCA1 y BRCA2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000690.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-pildoras-anticonceptivas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia en toda la mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007691.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia parcial de mama: Haz externo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007693.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de las mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007360.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Significado de cambios y afecciones de los senos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/significado-cambios-en-los-senos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistema linfático y los senos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000084.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11860/sindrome-de-li-fraumeni/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal en la menopausia y el riesgo de padecer cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tratamientos-medicos/terapia-de-restitucion-de-hormonas-en-la-menopausia-y-el-riesgo-de-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para el cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-terapia-hormonal-seno" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para el cáncer de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000909.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para la menopausia y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-hormonas-menopausia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/mht-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de cáncer de mama: Qué significa su tipo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/in-depth/breast-cancer/ART-20045654?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/in-depth/breast-cancer/ART-20045654?p=1">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de tratamiento del cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-pdq#_185" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq#_185">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) para cáncer de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007469.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del carcinoma ductal in situ" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-pdq#_565" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-treatment-pdq#_565">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de seno (mama) infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/child-breast-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor mamario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003155.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida como sobreviviente del cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/la-vida-como-una-sobreviviente-de-cancer-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/living-as-a-breast-cancer-survivor/follow-up-care-after-breast-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las causas del cáncer del seno?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/acerca/como-se-forma-el-cancer-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/how-does-breast-cancer-form.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de seno?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/what-is-breast-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los hombres también pueden sufrir cáncer de seno. La mayoría de ellos presentan bultos en el pecho, entre otros síntomas. Diagnóstico, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de seno en el hombre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malebreastcancer.html" id="3578" language="Spanish" date-created="08/28/2003">
<also-called>Cáncer de pecho en el hombre</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer de seno masculino</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Aunque el cáncer de mama es mucho más común en las mujeres, los hombres también pueden tenerlo. Ocurre con mayor frecuencia entre los hombres de 60 y 70 años. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Generalmente, unos bultos en los pechos no son cáncer. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los hombres con cáncer de seno, presentan bultos. Otros síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel con hoyuelos o arrugada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pezón o piel rojo o escamoso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción de líquido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo para el cáncer de seno en los hombres incluyen la exposición a radiación, antecedentes familiares de cáncer de seno y altos niveles de estrógeno, que puede presentarse con enfermedades como la cirrosis o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/klinefeltersyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Klinefelter&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento del cáncer de seno en hombres suele ser una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomía&lt;/a&gt;, que es una cirugía para extirpar el seno. Otros tratamientos incluyen radiación, quimioterapia y/o terapia hormonal.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malebreastcancer.html" id="3577" language="English">Male Breast Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hombre, Cáncer de mama en</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mama, Cáncer en el hombre</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seno, Cáncer en el hombre</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en el tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de mama masculino)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-masculino-pdq#_98" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq#_98">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de mama en hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007653.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de mama masculino" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de mama masculino: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374745?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de un diagnóstico de cáncer de seno, los hombres tienen mayor probabilidad de morir que las mujeres" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2019/hombres-seno-cancer-mas-mortalidad">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de mama masculino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-masculino-pdq#_92" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq#_92">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombres con cáncer de seno necesitan más opciones de tratamiento y acceso a la asesoría genética" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-hombres-con-cancer-de-seno-necesitan-mas-opciones-de-tratamiento-y-acceso-la-asesoria-genetica" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/men-breast-cancer-need-more-treatment-options-and-access-genetic-counseling">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de mama masculino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-masculino-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq#_69">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas relacionados con el tejido mamario en los hombres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-relacionados-con-el-tejido-mamario-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de marcador tumoral HER2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-her2/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/her2-tumor-marker-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer testicular afecta a hombres de entre 20 y 39 años, principalmente. Síntomas incluyen dolor, hinchazón o bultos en los testículos o ingle. " title="Cáncer de testículo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html" id="2191" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer testicular</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer testicular?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;El cáncer testicular es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos de uno o ambos testículos. Los testículos son parte del sistema reproductivo del hombre. Producen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; masculinas y esperma. Son dos glándulas con forma de huevo dentro del escroto, un saco de piel suelta ubicado debajo del pene. Se puede tener cáncer en uno o ambos testículos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer testicular?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;El cáncer testicular es muy raro. Puede contraerlo a cualquier edad, pero es más común en hombres entre 20 y 39 años. También es más común en una persona que:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido un desarrollo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html"&gt;testicular&lt;/a&gt; anormal&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido un testículo no descendido, una afección en la que uno o ambos testículos no bajan al escroto antes del nacimiento&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tuvo cáncer de testículo antes&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Es caucásico&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer testicular?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del cáncer testicular pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Un bulto que no duele o hinchazón en cualquiera de los testículos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Un cambio en cómo se siente el testículo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Un dolor sordo en la parte inferior del abdomen (vientre) o en la ingle (el área donde el muslo se une con el abdomen)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Una acumulación repentina de líquido en el escroto&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dolor o malestar en un testículo o en el escroto&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer testicular?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene cáncer testicular, su profesional de la salud puede usar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt; de testículos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Una orquiectomía inguinal, un procedimiento para extirpar todo el testículo. Una muestra de tejido del testículo se observa bajo un microscopio para detectar células cancerosas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer testicular?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Por lo general, el cáncer de testículo se puede curar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cirugía (si el testículo aún no se ha extirpado durante el diagnóstico)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia de dosis alta con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;trasplante de células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Vigilancia, que puede realizarse después de la cirugía. Esta significa que su profesional de la salud seguirá de cerca su afección con exámenes y pruebas regulares. No recibirá tratamiento adicional a menos que haya cambios en los resultados de su prueba&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Algunos de los tratamientos también pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;. Si es posible que desee tener hijos más adelante, debe considerar un banco de esperma antes del tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Una vez haya terminado su tratamiento, necesitará pruebas de seguimiento periódicas para asegurarse de que el cáncer no haya regresado. Si ha tenido cáncer en un testículo, tiene un mayor riesgo de tener cáncer en el otro testículo. Por ello, es importante revisar el otro testículo con regularidad e informar a su proveedor  de atención médica si nota algún cambio o síntoma inusual.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html" id="434" language="English">Testicular Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html" id="4281">Enfermedades de los testículos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Testículo, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Alfa fetoproteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Altas dosis de quimioterapia y trasplante de células madre para el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/quimioterapia-en-altas-dosis-con-trasplante-de-celulas-madre.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/high-dose-chemo-stem-cell.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de testículo)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/testiculo/paciente/tratamiento-testiculo-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq#section/_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoexamen testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003909.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003908.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003908.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/cirugia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/surgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de testículo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/testicular-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/testicular-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001288.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía del escroto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003780.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/testiculo/paciente/deteccion-testiculo-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-screening-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/testiculo/paciente/tratamiento-testiculo-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores extracraneales de células germinativas en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extracraneal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Masas escrotales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microlitiasis testicular: ¿Está relacionada con el cáncer testicular?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/expert-answers/microlithiasis/faq-20058074?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/expert-answers/microlithiasis/faq-20058074?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer de testículo según el tipo y la etapa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/por-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/by-stage.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancia testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003162.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de marcador tumoral AFP (alfafetoproteína)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-afp-alfafetoproteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-tumor-marker-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para diagnosticar el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/quimioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/chemotherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia para el cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/radioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/radiation-therapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de testículo infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/testiculo/paciente/tratamiento-testiculo-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/child-testicular-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor testicular de células de Leydig" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000409.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de escroto" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-scrotal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-scrotal">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de testículo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/despues-del-tratamiento/descargo-de-responsabilidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/after-treatment/survivorship.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo hacer una autoexploración testicular?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tse.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de testículo?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de testículo?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de testículo?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-testiculo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/about/what-is-testicular-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede encontrar el cáncer de testículo en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de timo es poco frecuente. Síntomas incluyen tos persistente, dolor en el pecho y problemas para respirar. Diagnóstico, tratamiento,  " title="Cáncer de timo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thymuscancer.html" id="2194" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El timo es un pequeño órgano ubicado en la parte superior del pecho, por debajo del esternón. Antes del nacimiento y en la infancia, el timo ayuda a producir un tipo de glóbulos blancos. Estas células ayudan a protegerlo contra las infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer del timo es poco frecuente. Tiene más probabilidades de tener uno si tiene otras enfermedades como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html"&gt;miastenia grave&lt;/a&gt;, lupus o artritis reumatoide. Algunas veces no presenta síntomas. Otras veces, el cáncer de timo puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tos persistente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dificultades para respirar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los médicos utilizan un examen físico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia para diagnosticar el cáncer de timo. El tratamiento más común es la cirugía para extirpar el tumor. Otras opciones incluyen la radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia hormonal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thymuscancer.html" id="1245" language="English">Thymus Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Timo, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en el tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (timoma y carcinoma tímico)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/thymoma-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del timoma y el carcinoma tímico" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/thymoma-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el timoma y el carcinoma tímico" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/thymoma-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia gravis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/miastenia-gravis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/myasthenia-gravis-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del timoma y carcinoma tímico infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/child-thymoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor mediastinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001086.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay varios tipos de cáncer de la glándula tiroides. Entérese sobre factores de riesgo, síntomas y alternativas de tratamiento." title="Cáncer de tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidcancer.html" id="2195" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer de tiroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de tiroides comienza en los tejidos de la tiroides. La tiroides es una glándula pequeña con forma de mariposa en la parte frontal de su cuello. Produce &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; que controlan la forma en que el cuerpo utiliza la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo y controlan muchas de sus funciones más importantes. Por ejemplo, afectan la respiración, el ritmo cardíaco, el peso, la digestión y el estado de ánimo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de cáncer de tiroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de cáncer de tiroides; los principales incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, incluyendo cáncer papilar y folicular de tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer de tiroides medular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer de tiroides anaplásico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de tiroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de tiroides. Su riesgo es mayor si usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene entre 25 y 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es mujer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es asiático&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estuvo expuesto a ciertos tipos de radiación, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; en la cabeza o cuello cuando era niño o de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html"&gt;emergencia de radiación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha tenido bocio (tiroides agrandada)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;afecciones genéticas&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo ciertos tipos de neoplasia endocrina múltiple&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer de tiroides o enfermedad de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de tiroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que el cáncer de tiroides no cause síntomas al principio. En ocasiones, se encuentra durante un examen físico de rutina. Es posible que tenga signos o síntomas a medida que el cáncer crece. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto (nódulo) en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor al tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ronquera u otros cambios en su voz que no mejoran&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de tiroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene cáncer de tiroides, su profesional de la salud puede usar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico, que incluye revisar su cuello en busca de inflamación, bultos o cualquier cosa que parezca inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html"&gt;Pruebas de tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otras pruebas de sangre o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imágenes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de tiroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para el cáncer de tiroides depende del tipo de cáncer que tenga y de si el cáncer se ha diseminado. A menudo, se puede necesitar más de un tipo de tratamiento. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radioterapia, incluyendo terapia con yodo radiactivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia con hormonas tiroideas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Espera vigilante: También llamada observación cautelosa. Significa que no recibe tratamiento de inmediato. Usted se observa regularmente para ver si sus signos o síntomas aparecen o cambian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html" id="438" language="English">Thyroid Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html" id="2196">Enfermedades de la tiroides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tiroides, Cáncer de</see-reference>
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<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
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<site title="Carcinoma (cáncer) papilar tiroideo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000331.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000331.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoma anaplásico de tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000352.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
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</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.thyroid.org/cancer-de-tiroides/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de tiroides (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thyroid-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thyroid-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer tiroideo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001213.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer tiroideo: Carcinoma medular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000374.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres posteriores al cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/despues-del-tratamiento/segundos-canceres.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/second-cancers.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
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<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
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</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de la glándula tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002933.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tiroides/paciente/tratamiento-tiroides-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/thyroid-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la tiroides" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para detectar el cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para el cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/tratamiento/quimioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/treating/chemotherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación nuclear y la glándula tiroides" url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/espanol/radiacion_nuclear_y_la_glandula_tiroides.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/NuclearRadiation_brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas del cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/senales-sintomas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con yodo radiactivo (radioyodo) para el cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/tratamiento/yodo-radioactivo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/treating/radioactive-iodine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con yodo radioactivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007702.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroglobulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tiroglobulina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroglobulin/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tiroidectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100135_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100135_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroidectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento con hormona tiroidea" url="https://www.thyroid.org/tratamiento-hormona-tiroidea/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-hormone-treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tiroides/paciente/tratamiento-tiroides-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/child-thyroid-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de la tiroides" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-thyroid">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de cáncer de tiroides" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de tiroides?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de tiroides?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de tiroides?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-tiroides.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/about/what-is-thyroid-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de tiroides en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de tiroides?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer vaginal es un tipo raro de cáncer. Es más común entre mayores de 60 años. Entérese de factores de riesgo como el VPH, síntomas, tratamiento.  " title="Cáncer de vagina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html" id="2244" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer vaginal</also-called>
<also-called>Tumor vaginal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cáncer vaginal es un tipo raro de cáncer. Es más común entre las mujeres mayores de 60 años. También es más probable de desarrollarlo si ha tenido una infección por el virus del papiloma humano (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;VPH&lt;/a&gt;) o si su madre tomó dietilestilbestrol (DES) durante el embarazo. Los médicos recetaban DES en la década del 50 para prevenir los abortos. También está en mayor riesgo si ha presentado células anormales en la vagina, cuello uterino o útero.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con frecuencia al principio no presenta síntomas. Sin embargo, debe consultar a un médico si observa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hemorragia que no coincide con su menstruación &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una tumoración vaginal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor pélvico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una prueba de Papanicolaou puede detectar la presencia de células anormales que pueden ser cáncer. Con frecuencia, el cáncer de vagina puede curarse en sus etapas tempranas. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html" id="494" language="English">Vaginal Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html" id="2275">Cáncer de vulva</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vagina, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de vagina)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vagina/paciente/tratamiento-vagina-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/tratamiento/cirugia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/vaginalcancer/detailedguide/vaginal-cancer-treating-surgery">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de vagina y cáncer de vulva" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vaginal_vulvar_facts_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vagvulv_facts.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la radioterapia puede afectar la vida sexual de las mujeres con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/radioterapia-pelvica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/vaginalcancer/detailedguide/vaginal-cancer-treating-radiation-therapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vagina/paciente/tratamiento-vagina-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/vaginalcancer/detailedguide/vaginal-cancer-staging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino y de vagina infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/cancer-cuello-uterino-vagina-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/childhood-cervical-vaginal-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vagina/paciente/tratamiento-vagina-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer de vagina según el tipo y la etapa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/tratamiento/segun-la-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/vaginalcancer/detailedguide/vaginal-cancer-treating-by-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que deben formularse acerca del cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/vaginalcancer/detailedguide/vaginal-cancer-talking-with-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para diagnosticar el cáncer de vagina" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de los cánceres de vagina y de vulva" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/symptoms/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de los cánceres de vagina y de vulva" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores vaginales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001510.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de vagina?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/vaginalcancer/detailedguide/vaginal-cancer-new-research">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de vagina?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/vaginalcancer/detailedguide/vaginal-cancer-what-causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es cáncer de vagina?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-vagina.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/about/what-is-vaginal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de vagina?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de vejiga es el sexto más común en el país. Entérese sobre síntomas, factores de riesgo, tratamientos del cáncer de vejiga." title="Cáncer de vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html" id="1776" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Carcinoma de células transicionales de la vejiga</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer vesical</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vejiga es un órgano hueco en la parte inferior del abdomen donde se almacena la orina. El cáncer de vejiga ocurre en la membrana interna de la vejiga. Es el sexto tipo más común de cáncer en los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sangre en la orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Urgencia frecuente de orinar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor al orinar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor en la parte baja de la espalda &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo incluyen fumar y la exposición a ciertas sustancias químicas en el ambiente de trabajo. Las personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de cáncer de vejiga y de edad madura, son de raza blanca o sexo masculino tienen un mayor riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos contra el cáncer de vejiga incluyen la cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia y terapia biológica. La terapia biológica o inmunoterapia estimula la capacidad de su propio cuerpo para combatir el cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html" id="163" language="English">Bladder Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777">Enfermedades de la vejiga</related-topic>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003902.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causas y factores de riesgo del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/causas-factores-riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/causes-risk-factors">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bladder-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356104?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bladder-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356104?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de vejiga infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/infantil" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/childhood">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer del uréter o pelvis renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000525.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer vesical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000486.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar el cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/afrontar" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/coping">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/derivacion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-diversion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Detección del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/deteccion#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/screening">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes artificiales y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-edulcorantes-artificiales" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/estadios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/stages">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vejiga/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematuria microscópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hematuria-microscopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de células de transición de pelvis renal y de uréter" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-transicion-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de uretra" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uretra/paciente/tratamiento-uretra-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003782.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa (PIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielograma intravenoso (PIV)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ivp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pronóstico y tasas de supervivencia del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/supervivencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/survival">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de PD-L1 (inmunoterapia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de vejiga según el estadio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga/tratamiento/segun-estadio" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/treatment/by-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/urography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/urography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urostomía: Cuidado de la piel y del estoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de vejiga?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vejiga" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de vejiga?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vejiga/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-vejiga.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/about/what-is-bladder-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de vulva afecta los genitales externos de la mujer. Entérese sobre factores de riesgo, como VPH, y posibles señales o síntomas." title="Cáncer de vulva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html" id="2275" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer del periné</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de la vulva es un tipo raro de cáncer. Se forma en los genitales externos de la mujer, llamados vulva. El cáncer crece en forma lenta por varios años. Primero, las células precancerosas crecen en la piel de la vulva. Esto se denomina neoplasia intraepitelial vulvar o displasia. No todos los casos de neoplasia intraepitelial vulvar se convierten en cáncer, pero es mejor tratarlos temprano. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas veces, el cáncer de vulva no tiene síntomas al principio. Sin embargo, consulte a su médico para que le haga un análisis si observa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Un bulto en la vulva &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Picazón o dolor en la vulva &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Hemorragia fuera de la menstruación &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Cambios es la piel de la vulva, como color diferente o crecimientos que parecen verrugas o úlceras &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted está en mayor riesgo si ha tenido una infección por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;virus del papiloma humano&lt;/a&gt; (VPH) o tiene un historial de verrugas genitales.  Su proveedor de salud diagnostica cáncer de vulva con un examen físico y una biopsia. El tratamiento varía, dependiendo del estado general de su salud y del estado del cáncer. Puede incluir cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia o terapia biológica. La terapia biológica potencia la propia capacidad del cuerpo para luchar contra el cáncer.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html" id="1701" language="English">Vulvar Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html" id="2244">Cáncer de vagina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html" id="2216">Enfermedades de la vagina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvardisorders.html" id="4551">Enfermedades de la vulva</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vulva, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de vulva)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vulva/paciente/tratamiento-vulva-pdq#_49" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/patient/vulvar-treatment-pdq#_49">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de la vulva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000902.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de vagina y cáncer de vulva" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vaginal_vulvar_facts_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vagvulv_facts.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer vulvar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-vulvar-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vulvar-cancer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de vulva" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vulva/paciente/tratamiento-vulva-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/patient/vulvar-treatment-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de vulva" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vulva/paciente/tratamiento-vulva-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/patient/vulvar-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de los cánceres de vagina y de vulva" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de los cánceres de vagina y de vulva" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/symptoms/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/vph-y-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen muchos tipos de cáncer de útero. El más común comienza en el endometrio, la membrana que recubre el útero. Síntomas, pruebas, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer de útero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html" id="2213" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer uterino</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html"&gt;útero&lt;/a&gt; o matriz es el lugar donde se desarrolla el bebé cuando una mujer está embarazada. Existen diferentes tipos de cáncer de útero. El más común comienza en el endometrio, la membrana que recubre el útero. A este cáncer también se le llama cáncer de endometrio.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del cáncer uterino incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Hemorragia&lt;/a&gt; o secreción vaginal anormal&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;		Dificultades para orinar &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html"&gt;Dolor pélvico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;		Dolor durante las relaciones sexuales &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer uterino suele ocurrir después de la menopausia. Es más común en mujeres que tienen obesidad. Usted también puede estar en mayor riesgo si recibió &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;Terapia de reemplazo hormonal&lt;/a&gt; solo con estrógeno (terapia hormonal para la menopausia) por muchos años. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt; Las pruebas para encontrar cáncer de útero incluyen un examen pélvico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia.  El tratamiento más común es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html"&gt;histerectomía&lt;/a&gt;, que es una cirugía para extirpar el útero. A veces la cirugía también extrae los ovarios y las trompas de Falopio. Otros tratamientos incluyen la terapia hormonal, radioterapia y quimioterapia. Algunas mujeres reciben más de un tratamiento. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html" id="449" language="English">Uterine Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5322">Chequeo médico de la mujer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html" id="1805">Cáncer de cuello uterino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214">Enfermedades del útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html" id="1968">Histerectomía</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer de endometrio</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dilatación y curetaje</see-reference>
<see-reference>Endometrio, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Raspaje</see-reference>
<see-reference>Útero, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de endometrio)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-endometrio-pdq#_108" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq#_131">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (sarcoma uterino)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-sarcoma-uterino-pdq#_52" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/uterine-sarcoma-treatment-pdq#_56">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia endometrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coriocarcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001496.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de endometrio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-endometrio-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/endometrial-cancer.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de útero" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/uterine/pdf/uterine_facts_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/uterine/pdf/uterine_facts.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer endometrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000910.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer uterino" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/cancer/uterine-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/cancer/uterine-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-endometrio-pdq#_14" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq#_111">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del sarcoma uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-sarcoma-uterino-pdq#_197">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas del cáncer de útero" url="https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/statistics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/statistics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/deteccion-endometrio-pdq#section/_13" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-screening-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-endometrio-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el sarcoma uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-sarcoma-uterino-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/uterine-sarcoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la enfermedad trofoblástica de la gestación" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/trofoblastico-gestacion/paciente/tratamiento-etg-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic/patient/gtd-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/prevencion-endometrio-pdq#section/_12" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética del PTEN" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de los exámenes de detección del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/deteccion-endometrio-pdq#_34" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-screening-pdq#_34">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoma uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007655.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie del procedimiento de dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del cáncer de útero" url="https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/symptoms/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de endometrio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-endometrio-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de útero" url="https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de sarcoma uterino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las estadísticas clave acerca del sarcoma uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo del sarcoma uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se clasifica por etapas el sarcoma uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del cáncer de endometrio?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/acerca/investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/about/research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del sarcoma uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué debe preguntar a su médico acerca del sarcoma uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer de endometrio?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-endometrio.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/about/what-is-endometrial-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el sarcoma uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/acerca/que-es-sarcoma-uterino.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/about/what-is-uterine-sarcoma.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de endometrio en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede detectar temprano el sarcoma uterino?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer anal es raro. Es más común en fumadores y personas mayores de 50 años. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamientos del cáncer de ano. " title="Cáncer del ano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html" id="3792" language="Spanish" date-created="02/10/2005">
<also-called>Cáncer anal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer de ano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html"&gt;ano&lt;/a&gt; es el orificio al final de su intestino grueso. Es por donde las heces salen del cuerpo. El ano es formado en parte por las capas externas de piel y por el intestino. El cáncer anal es un tipo de cáncer que se forma en los tejidos del ano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de ano, pero es más probable si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una infección por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;VPH&lt;/a&gt; de alto riesgo, especialmente si tiene ciertos tipos. La mayoría de los casos de cáncer anal están relacionados con la infección por VPH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/a&gt;, debido a afecciones como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; o por medicamentos que debe tomar después de un trasplante de órgano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha tenido cáncer de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;vulva&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;vagina&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene muchas parejas sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene sexo anal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fuma cigarrillos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer anal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas del cáncer anal pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado por el ano o el recto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto cerca del ano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o presión en el área alrededor del ano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Picazón o secreción del ano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un cambio en los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html"&gt;hábitos intestinales&lt;/a&gt;, como heces más estrechas, tener que defecar con más frecuencia o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;incontinencia fecal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de ano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene cáncer de ano, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Analizará su historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consultará sobre sus antecedentes familiares de salud&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Puede realizar un tacto rectal, un examen del ano y el recto.&lt;/strong&gt; Para el examen, su proveedor insertará un dedo enguantado y lubricado en la parte inferior del recto para detectar bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Puede solicitar pruebas que examinen el ano y el recto&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/"&gt;Anoscopia&lt;/a&gt;: Examen del ano y la parte inferior del recto utilizando un tubo corto y con una luz llamado anoscopio. También existe un tipo de examen llamada anoscopia de alta resolución. Utiliza un dispositivo de aumento especial llamado colposcopio junto con el anoscopio para observar estas áreas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Proctoscopia: Procedimiento para observar el interior del recto y el ano utilizando un instrumento delgado en forma de tubo con una luz y una lente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;Ecografía&lt;/a&gt; endoanal o endorrectal: Procedimiento en el que se inserta una sonda de ultrasonido en el recto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; durante una anoscopia o proctoscopia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de ano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el cáncer de ano incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y cirugía. El tratamiento que reciba dependerá de qué tan avanzado esté el cáncer, su salud general y sus preferencias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de ano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda reducir su riesgo de contraer cáncer anal al vacunarse contra el VPH y no fumar. Consulte con su profesional de la salud si necesita ayuda para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Actualmente no se sabe si el uso de condones puede prevenir las infecciones anales por VPH. Pero usar condones de látex cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales puede ayudar a prevenir el VIH, un factor de riesgo de cáncer anal. También ayudan a prevenir otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt;. Si usted o su pareja son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgicos al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si es un adulto con VIH, es importante hacerse una prueba de detección de cáncer de ano todos los años. La prueba busca cualquier cosa que parezca inusual, como bultos, ardor y células precancerosas (células que podrían convertirse en cáncer). La evaluación incluye un examen de tacto rectal. Si se encuentra algo inusual, se le realizará una anoscopia o una anoscopia de alta resolución.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html" id="3791" language="English">Anal Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831">Cáncer del colon y del recto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741">Enfermedades del ano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anal, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ano, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer anal</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopia y anoscopia de alta resolución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de ano)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/tratamiento-ano-pdq#section/_125" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de ano" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/cancer-de-ano">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de ano" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354140?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354140?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de ano" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ano.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer del ano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007652.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de ano" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/tratamiento-ano-pdq#section/_96" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de ano" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/tratamiento-ano-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de ano" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ano/paciente/prevencion-ano-pdq#section/_11" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas anales" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/las-verrugas-anales" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-warts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer colorrectal comienza en el colon o el recto. Puede no tener síntomas al principio. Las pruebas de detección pueden ayudar a encontrarlo temprano, cuando el tratamiento es más efectivo." title="Cáncer del colon y del recto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer colorrectal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer colorrectal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer colorrectal es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos del colon o del recto. Su colon y recto son parte de su sistema digestivo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El colon es la primera y más larga parte de su intestino grueso. Absorbe agua y algunos nutrientes de los alimentos. También convierte los productos de desecho sobrantes en heces (excremento)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;El recto es la parte inferior de su intestino grueso. Es donde su cuerpo almacena las heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer que comienza en el colon se llama cáncer de colon y el que comienza en el recto se llama cáncer de recto. El cáncer que afecta cualquiera de estas partes también puede llamarse cáncer colorrectal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el cáncer colorrectal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer colorrectal ocurre cuando hay &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/"&gt;cambios en su material genético (ADN)&lt;/a&gt;. Estos cambios también se conocen como mutaciones o variantes. A menudo, los cambios genéticos que conducen al cáncer colorrectal ocurren durante la vida y se desconoce la causa exacta. Pero ciertos cambios genéticos que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal se heredan, es decir, usted nace con ellos.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Además de la genética, otros factores, incluyendo su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente, pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer colorrectal, pero ciertos factores aumentan su riesgo de desarrollarlo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ser mayor: Su riesgo de tener cáncer colorrectal aumenta a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener antecedentes personales o familiares de cáncer colorrectal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener antecedentes de adenomas: Estos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;pólipos&lt;/a&gt; (crecimientos) colorrectales que se ven anormales bajo un microscopio o miden 1 centímetro o más. Los adenomas no son cáncer, pero a veces pueden convertirse en cáncer con el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener un síndrome genético como la poliposis adenomatosa familiar o síndrome de Lynch (cáncer colorrectal hereditario sin poliposis)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerosa&lt;/a&gt; crónica o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt; durante 8 años o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar 3 o más &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;bebidas alcohólicas&lt;/a&gt; al día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ser afrodescendiente: Las personas de raza negra tienen un mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y de muerte por cáncer colorrectal en comparación con otras razas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer colorrectal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que el cáncer colorrectal no siempre cause síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si tiene síntomas, podrían incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un cambio en los hábitos intestinales que dura más de unos pocos días, como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Sensación de que el intestino no se vacía por completo&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Sus heces son más delgadas o tienen una forma diferente a la habitual&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre (ya sea de color rojo brillante o muy oscuro) en las heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores frecuentes por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html"&gt;gases&lt;/a&gt;, hinchazón, plenitud o calambres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin motivo aparente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la detección del cáncer colorrectal y quién la necesita?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debido a que el cáncer colorrectal puede no causar síntomas al principio, es importante hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-cancer-colorrectal/"&gt;pruebas de detección del cáncer colorrectal&lt;/a&gt;. Estas pruebas buscan signos de una enfermedad antes de que tenga algún síntoma. Pueden ayudar a encontrar el cáncer temprano, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los expertos recomiendan comenzar las pruebas de detección a los 45 años y continuar hasta al menos los 75 años. Los mayores de 75 años y quienes tienen un alto riesgo deben hablar con sus profesionales de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que deben hacerse pruebas de detección y qué tipo de prueba deben hacerse.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los tipos de pruebas incluyen diferentes análisis de heces y procedimientos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopias&lt;/a&gt; y sigmoidoscopia flexible. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que necesita exámenes de detección y qué tipo de prueba debe hacerse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer colorrectal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene síntomas que podrían ser causados por cáncer colorrectal, o si los resultados de su prueba de detección son anormales, es posible que deba hacerse más exámenes para determinar si tiene cáncer. Las posibles pruebas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Examen rectal digital: Para esta prueba, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto para palpar bultos o cualquier cosa inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las pruebas que también se utilizan para detección (colonoscopia, análisis de heces, etc.) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;, si aún no se las ha hecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otras pruebas de sangre y tejido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer colorrectal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, sus opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su salud general, la gravedad del cáncer y el tipo de cáncer que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para el &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de colon&lt;/strong&gt;, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ablación por radiofrecuencia: Este procedimiento usa ondas de radio para calentar y destruir células anormales. Las ondas de radio viajan a través de electrodos (pequeños dispositivos que transportan electricidad)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Criocirugía: Procedimiento que se usa un líquido extremadamente frío o un instrumento llamado criosonda para congelar y destruir tejido anormal&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para el &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de recto&lt;/strong&gt;, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vigilancia activa: Consiste en realizar pruebas periódicas para ver si el cáncer de recto ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer colorrectal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Evitar los factores de riesgo sobre los que tiene control puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitar el alcohol a menos de 3 bebidas por día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Controlar su peso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También hay otras medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir el cáncer colorrectal, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse exámenes regulares de detección de cáncer colorrectal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extirpar los pólipos antes de que se vuelvan cancerosos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer ejercicio con regularidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88" language="English">Colorectal Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" id="4917">Colonoscopía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html" id="3792">Cáncer del ano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741">Enfermedades del ano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html" id="1830">Enfermedades del colon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html" id="3135">Pólipos del colon</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colon, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colorrectal, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer colorrectal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer del recto</see-reference>
<see-reference>Recto, Cáncer del</see-reference>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Cuál es su riesgo de cáncer de colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000832.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer colorrectal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-colorrectal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/colorectal-cancer/diagnosis-tests.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100157_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100157_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de colon y del recto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000262.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer metastático colorrectal puede diseminarse al inicio de la enfermedad" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2019/metastasis-temprana-cancer-colorrectal">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres posteriores al cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/despues-del-tratamiento/segundos-canceres.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/after-treatment/second-cancers.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reducir el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="David L. Nash aboga por la detección temprana después de vivir con cáncer del colon" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/david-l-nash-aboga-por-la-deteccion-temprana-despues-de-vivir-con-cancer-del-colon" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/david-l-nash-advocates-for-early-detection-after-living-with-colon-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Detección sistemática del cáncer de colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002071.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="El Dr. Ibram X. Kendi aboga por la vigilancia tras superar un cáncer colorrectal" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/dr-ibram-x-kendi-aboga-por-la-vigilancia-tras-superar-un-cancer-colorrectal" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/dr-ibram-x-kendi-advocates-vigilance-after-overcoming-colorectal-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis por radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de colon" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-colorrectal-pdq#_112" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq#_112">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de recto" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-rectal-pdq#_111" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/rectal-treatment-pdq#_111">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de guayacol en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre en heces con reactivo desechable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007007.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/deteccion-colorrectal-pdq#section/_13" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colorectal-screening-pdq#_13">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes para detectar el cáncer colorrectal y los pólipos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/hoja-informativa-deteccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/screening-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guías de la Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer para la detección del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/recomendaciones-de-la-sociedad-americana-contra-el-cancer.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablando con su médico sobre el cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/talking-to-doctor/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/talking-to-doctor/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase las pruebas de detección temprana del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/pruebas-deteccion/hagase-pruebas-deteccion-temprana-cancer-colorrectal" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-screened-colorectal-cancer">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre el cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/about/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de colon" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-colorrectal-pdq#_93" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq#_93">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de recto" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-rectal-pdq#_92" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/rectal-treatment-pdq#_92">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/prevencion-colorrectal-pdq#_14" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colorectal-prevention-pdq#_14">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total con ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ACE" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ace/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cea-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ADN en heces" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/stool-dna-test/about/pac-20385153?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/stool-dna-test/about/pac-20385153?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre oculta en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba inmunoquímica fecal (PIF)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000704.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de cáncer colorrectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-cancer-colorrectal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colorectal-cancer-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/screening/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué es el cáncer colorrectal" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/que-es-el-cancer-colorrectal" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/calling-out-colorectal-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección laparoscópica de colon" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/reseccion-laparoscopica-de-colon-informacion-para-el-paciente-de-parte-de-su-medico-y-de-sages/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-colon-resection-from-sages/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de los exámenes de detección del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/deteccion-colorrectal-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colorectal-screening-pdq#_48">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Se identifican desigualdades en supervivencia de jóvenes afroamericanos con cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2016/colorrectal-supervivencia-desigualdades">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas del cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/senales-y-sintomas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Lynch" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lynch-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20374714?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lynch-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20374714?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Lynch" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12282/sindrome-de-lynch/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/paciente/tratamiento-colorrectal-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/child-colorectal-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de cólon y recto" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/colorect">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida como un sobreviviente de cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/despues-del-tratamiento/viviendo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/after-treatment/living.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Video acerca del cáncer de colon" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/videos-cancer-colorrectal.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/colon-cancer-videos.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones del cáncer colorrectal?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué debe preguntar a su médico sobre el cáncer colorrectal?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer colorrectal?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-colon-o-recto.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/about/what-is-colorectal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los niños pueden tener cáncer en las mismas partes del cuerpo que los adultos, pero existen diferencias. Entérese sobre el cáncer infantil." title="Cáncer en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html" id="4356" language="Spanish" date-created="11/06/2006">
<also-called>Cáncer en la niñez</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer pediátrico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cáncer es un grupo de enfermedades relacionadas. En todos los tipos de cáncer, algunas de las células del cuerpo comienzan a dividirse sin detenerse, extendiéndose a los tejidos cercanos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, se forman nuevas células a medida que se necesitan, reemplazando las células viejas que mueren. A veces, este proceso no resulta como se espera. Se forman nuevas células cuando no las necesita, y las células viejas no mueren cuando deberían. Las células adicionales pueden formar un tumor. Los tumores pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;tumores benignos&lt;/a&gt; no son cancerosos. Los tumores malignos son cáncer, y las células cancerosas pueden invadir tejidos cercanos. También pueden separarse y extenderse a otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños pueden tener cáncer en las mismas partes del cuerpo que los adultos, pero hay diferencias. El cáncer infantil puede ocurrir repentinamente, sin síntomas tempranos. Frecuentemente, algunos tipos se pueden curar. El cáncer infantil más común es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos de los otros tipos comunes de cáncer en niños incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html"&gt;tumores cerebrales&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html"&gt;linfoma&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html"&gt;sarcoma del tejido blando&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas y el tratamiento dependen del tipo de cáncer y de lo avanzado que esté. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;Trasplante de células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Esta usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html" id="4355" language="English">Cancer in Children</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006">Leucemia en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html" id="2051">Neuroblastoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilmstumor.html" id="3076">Tumor de Wilms</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html" id="4178">Tumores cerebrales en niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Cáncer en</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/adolescentes-adultos-jovenes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Afrontar el cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/deal-with-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/deal-with-cancer.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extracraneal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Avances en el cáncer infantil" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/avances-en-el-cancer-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/02/advances-childhood-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos para niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000841.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de calorías adicionales cuando los niños estén enfermos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando el tratamiento contra el cáncer de su hijo deja de funcionar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados de supervivencia para niños" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/supervivencia/infancia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/child-care">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer en la infancia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-en-ninos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cancer-in-children.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/hoja-informativa-ninos-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer: Aspectos fundamentales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cancer.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/progress/snapshots/pediatric">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres raros de abdomen (cánceres poco comunes en la niñez)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-raros-pdq#_61" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/rare-childhood-cancers-pdq#_61">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres raros de aparato reproductor y sistema urinario (cánceres poco comunes en la niñez)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-raros-pdq#_64" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/rare-childhood-cancers-pdq#_64">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres raros de cabeza y cuello" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-raros-pdq#_55" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/rare-childhood-cancers-pdq#_55">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres raros de tórax (cánceres raros en la niñez)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-raros-pdq#_58" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/rare-childhood-cancers-pdq#_58">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar los efectos estéticos del tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cosmetic-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cosmetic-effects.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a su hijo a entender un diagnóstico de cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000844.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo buscar apoyo cuando su hijo tiene cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000843.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000843.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener sano a su hijo durante la remisión del cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/in-remission.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/in-remission.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diferencias entre el cáncer en niños y en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000845.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos del tratamiento contra el cáncer sobre la fertilidad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer-fertility.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-fertility.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos tardíos del tratamiento anticanceroso en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/efectos-tardios-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los tumores extracraneales de células germinativas en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extracraneal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides para tratar el cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/steroid-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/steroid-treatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para ayudar a los niños a entender el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000921.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los cánceres raros en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-raros-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq#section/_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores extracraneales de células germinativas en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extracraneal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otros cánceres raros en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/paciente/canceres-infantiles-raros-pdq#_67" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/rare-childhood-cancers-pdq#_67">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Papás que tienen a un niño con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida/padres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas para el médico de su hijo sobre el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000922.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer empieza en la niñez" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-prevention-starts-in-childhood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chemo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chemo.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rabdomiosarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001429.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/radiation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/radiation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regreso a la escuela tras el tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/supervivencia/ninos-con-cancer/despues-del-tratamiento/regreso-a-la-escuela.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/children-with-cancer/after-treatment/returning-to-school.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos a largo plazo del tratamiento para el cáncer infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000849.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos después del tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-after-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-after-cancer.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Si su hijo tiene cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-en-ninos/si-su-hijo-tiene-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cancer-in-children/if-your-child-has-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11860/sindrome-de-li-fraumeni/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el cáncer?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer nasal y de los senos paranasales no es común, pero tiene mayor riesgo si fuma. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamiento. " title="Cáncer nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html" id="2721" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer de la nariz</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los senos paranasales son pequeños espacios huecos ubicados alrededor de su nariz. Están recubiertos con células que producen moco, que impide que se reseque su nariz. La cavidad nasal es el túnel que queda justo detrás de su nariz a través del cual el aire pasa en su camino hacia la garganta cuando usted respira. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; El cáncer de la cavidad nasal y de los senos paranasales no es común. Usted corre mayor riesgo si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es un hombre mayor de 40 años &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha estado expuesto a ciertos químicos en su lugar de trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esta infectado con el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fuma&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que no se presenten síntomas al comienzo de la enfermedad y luego se presenten síntomas similares a una infección. Los doctores diagnostican este cáncer a través de imágenes, un instrumento con forma de tubo con una luz y una lente para observar y biopsias. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html" id="2720" language="English">Nasal Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2056">Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer del seno paranasal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nariz, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nasal, Cáncer del área</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seno paranasal, Cáncer del</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones orales de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia a la cabeza y el cuello (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de senos (paranasales) por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/sinusct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/sinusct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de seno paranasal y de cavidad nasal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-seno-paranasal-pdq?redirect=true#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/paranasal-sinus-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores nasales y paranasales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nasal-paranasal-tumors/symptoms-causes/syc-20354136?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores nasales y paranasales: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nasal-paranasal-tumors/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354137?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de boca en general comienza en la lengua y base de la boca. Entérese de síntomas, factores de riesgo, tratamiento del cáncer oral." title="Cáncer oral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html" id="2062" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer de la cavidad oral</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer orofaríngeo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer oral es el cáncer de la boca. Es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de cabeza y cuello&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de los casos de este cáncer es cáncer de 
células escamosas. Comienza en las células planas que cubren las 
superficies de la boca, la lengua y los labios. Las células cancerosas 
pueden propagarse a tejidos más profundos a medida que crece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los casos de cáncer oral está relacionada con el 
consumo de tabaco, el consumo excesivo de alcohol o una &lt;TOPIC ID="2281" LINKTEXT="infección por 
VPH"/&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer oral, pero es más probable 
que lo desarrolle si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usa tabaco o bebe mucho alcohol: Su riesgo de desarrollar cáncer 
oral es aún mayor si tiene ambos hábitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Es mayor de 40 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene VPH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes de cáncer de cabeza o cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;expone al sol&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia (para el cáncer de labio)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del cáncer oral pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una mancha blanca o roja en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una llaga en el labio o la boca que no cicatriza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado, dolor o entumecimiento en el labio o la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dientes sueltos o dentaduras postizas que ya no calzan bien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas o dolor al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de oído&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Problemas para mover la boca o la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón de la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt; o sensación de que algo está atrapado en la 
garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene alguno de estos síntomas durante más de 2 semanas, 
consulte con su profesional de la salud o al dentista. El cáncer oral puede 
diseminarse rápidamente, por lo que es importante detectarlo temprano.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene cáncer oral, su profesional de la salud puede 
hacer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico de los labios y la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; u otro procedimiento para recolectar células del labio o la 
cavidad oral. Las células se observan bajo un microscopio para 
determinar si son anormales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el cáncer oral incluyen cirugía, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; o 
ambas. Después de la cirugía, algunas personas también necesitan 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia &lt;/a&gt;para eliminar las células cancerosas que queden.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el cáncer 
oral:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Limitar el consumo de alcohol o no beber &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/"&gt;exámenes dentales&lt;/a&gt; regulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer oral es el cáncer de la boca. Es un tipo de cáncer de 
cabeza y cuello. La mayoría de los casos de este cáncer es cáncer de 
células escamosas. Comienza en las células planas que cubren las 
superficies de la boca, la lengua y los labios. Las células cancerosas 
pueden propagarse a tejidos más profundos a medida que crece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los casos de cáncer oral está relacionada con el 
consumo de tabaco, el consumo excesivo de alcohol o una infección por 
VPH.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer oral, pero es más probable 
que lo desarrolle si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usa tabaco o bebe mucho alcohol: Su riesgo de desarrollar cáncer 
oral es aún mayor si tiene ambos hábitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Es mayor de 40 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene VPH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes de cáncer de cabeza o cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se expone al sol con frecuencia (para el cáncer de labio)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del cáncer oral pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una mancha blanca o roja en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una llaga en el labio o la boca que no cicatriza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado, dolor o entumecimiento en el labio o la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dientes sueltos o dentaduras postizas que ya no calzan bien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas o dolor al tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de oído&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Problemas para mover la boca o la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón de la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de garganta o sensación de que algo está atrapado en la 
garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene alguno de estos síntomas durante más de 2 semanas, 
consulte con su profesional de la salud o al dentista. El cáncer oral puede 
diseminarse rápidamente, por lo que es importante detectarlo temprano.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene cáncer oral, su profesional de la salud puede 
hacer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico de los labios y la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una endoscopia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Una biopsia u otro procedimiento para recolectar células del labio o la 
cavidad oral. Las células se observan bajo un microscopio para 
determinar si son anormales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Pruebas de imagen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el cáncer oral incluyen cirugía, radioterapia o 
ambas. Después de la cirugía, algunas personas también necesitan 
quimioterapia para eliminar las células cancerosas que queden.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer oral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el cáncer 
oral:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Limitar el consumo de alcohol o no beber &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse exámenes dentales regulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html" id="331" language="English">Oral Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html" id="5842">Cáncer de garganta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5332">Cáncer de la glándulas salivales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<see-reference>Boca, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cáncer de la cavidad oral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oral, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Orofaríngeo, Cáncer</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en boca y cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de labio y de cavidad oral)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-labio-boca-pdq#_46">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la encía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión orofaríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia lingual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003849.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de boca: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351002?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de cavidad oral infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-cavidad-oral-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/oral-cavity-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de lengua" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tongue-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20378428?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20378428?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de orofaringe (garganta) y de cavidad oral (boca)" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oralcavityandoropharyngealcancer/detailedguide/index">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/cancer-oral" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer oral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001035.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001035.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad para tragar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/problemas-de-deglucion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/swallowing-problems.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de labio y de cavidad oral" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-labio-boca-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre los tipos de cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección de los cánceres de cavidad oral y nasofaringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/deteccion-cavidad-oral-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/oral-screening-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fumar cigarros puros y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-cigarros-puros" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cigars-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de labio y de cavidad oral" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-labio-boca-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucoplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001046.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llagas y dolor en la boca" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/llagas-en-la-boca.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/mouth-sores.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer de orofaringe y de cavidad oral según la etapa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/tratamiento/por-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de los cánceres de cavidad oral, orofaringe, hipofaringe y laringe" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/prevencion-cavidad-oral-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/oral-prevention-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resequedad de la boca o saliva espesa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaco sin humo y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-tabaco-sin-humo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/smokeless-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores bucales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-orales-y-dentales/tumores-bucales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/symptoms-of-oral-and-dental-disorders/mouth-growths">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Para la mayoría de las personas con cáncer, vivir con la enfermedad es el desafío más grande de sus vidas. ¿Cómo enfrentar la enfermedad?" title="Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="2245" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Viviendo con cáncer</also-called>
<also-called>Vivir con cáncer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;Aprender a vivir con cáncer&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad común. Casi el 40 por ciento de los 
estadounidenses serán diagnosticados con cáncer durante su vida. 
Aunque puede poner en peligro la vida, muchas personas tienen un 
tratamiento exitoso. Otras viven con cáncer durante mucho 
tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las personas con cáncer, aprender a vivir con 
la enfermedad es uno de los mayores desafíos a los que se han 
enfrentado. Esto porque tener cáncer toca casi todos los aspectos de 
su vida y la vida de quienes le rodean.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer y su tratamiento pueden cambiar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su rutina diaria y capacidad para trabajar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus relaciones importantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La forma en que se ve, siente y piensa sobre usted 
mismo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede sentirse más en control y preparado para hacer frente a 
estos cambios si sabe qué esperar. Su profesional de la salud puede 
ayudarle a encontrar información y servicios de apoyo adecuados 
para usted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Enfrentar a los sentimientos que provoca el cáncer&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tener cáncer puede causar una variedad de emociones fuertes, 
como tristeza, enojo, miedo, preocupación o culpa. Estos 
sentimientos son normales y es probable que cambien con el tiempo. 
Es útil ordenar sus sentimientos de una manera que le resulte 
cómoda. Puede intentar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hablar abiertamente con alguien de confianza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escribir sobre sus sentimientos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar métodos de relajación, como la meditación y otras 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html"&gt;medicina alternativa y complementaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer cosas que disfruta para darse un descanso del cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si sus emociones parecen apoderarse de su vida, dígaselo a su 
profesional de la salud. Es posible que necesite apoyo adicional si 
tiene síntomas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html"&gt;trastorno de pánico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Comunicarse con su equipo de atención médica&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, durante el tratamiento del cáncer tiene un equipo de 
profesionales de la salud. Junto con médicos y enfermeras, es 
posible que tenga que conversar con trabajadores sociales, 
farmacéuticos, dietistas y otros proveedores de atención de salud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estos profesionales están preparados para ayudarle a lidiar con 
los problemas que plantea el cáncer, incluyendo preocupaciones 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html"&gt;económicas&lt;/a&gt;. Pero depende de usted hacerle saber a su equipo lo que tiene en mente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;buena comunicación con sus proveedores&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudarle a sentirse más en control y satisfecho con su atención. Sus 
comunicaciones pueden ser mejores si usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informa a sus proveedores cuánto desea 
saber sobre su cáncer y su tratamiento&lt;/strong&gt;: ¿Quiere 
todos los detalles o solo el panorama general?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Escribe sus preguntas e inquietudes antes de 
sus visitas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le pide a un familiar o amigo que le 
acompañe durante sus visitas:&lt;/strong&gt; Esta persona puede 
ayudar escuchando, tomando notas y haciendo preguntas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Hable abiertamente con familiares y amigos&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer cambia las rutinas diarias y los roles de las personas 
que le aman y apoyan. Es posible que necesiten empezar a hacer las 
cosas que usted siempre ha hecho por ellos. Y puede que necesite 
ayuda para hacer las cosas que usted siempre ha hecho solo. Estos 
cambios pueden ser difíciles para todos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ser útil tener una conversación honesta sobre el cambio 
de roles y necesidades. Si esto suena demasiado difícil, pídale a un 
trabajador social u otro miembro de su equipo de atención que le 
ayude a hablar con familiares y amigos que le están asistiendo con 
su atención. Estos &lt;topic id="7548" linktext="cuidadores pueden necesitar algo de 
apoyo "&gt;también.&lt;/topic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Lidiar con los cambios en su propia imagen&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cáncer y su tratamiento pueden causar grandes cambios en la 
forma en que se ve, siente y piensa sobre sí mismo. Por ejemplo, 
usted puede tener:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Menos energía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios temporales o permanentes en su cuerpo, como 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html"&gt;cicatrices&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html"&gt;pérdida de cabello&lt;/a&gt; debido a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de intimidad &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html"&gt;sexual&lt;/a&gt; o dudas sobre relaciones 
amorosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfrentarse a estos cambios puede ser difícil. Pero la mayoría de 
las personas encuentran &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;formas de sentirse más positivas&lt;/a&gt; con el tiempo. Si se siente lo suficientemente bien, puede intentar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Caminar, hacer 
yoga u otros movimientos pueden ayudarlo a sentirse más fuerte y 
con más control sobre su cuerpo. Pero consulte primero con su 
proveedor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenerse activo y ayudar a los demás&lt;/strong&gt;: Piense en un voluntariado, pasatiempos u otras 
actividades que puedan hacerle sentir bien consigo mismo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consejería para problemas sexuales&lt;/strong&gt;: Hablar con un profesional, ya sea con una pareja o solo, 
puede ayudar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Adaptarse a la vida después del tratamiento&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Después del tratamiento, recibirá atención regular de 
seguimiento del cáncer. Su profesional de la salud le explicará el 
programa de controles y pruebas que necesitará. Este es un buen 
momento para conversar sobre los desafíos que puede enfrentar en 
el futuro. Saber qué esperar puede ayudarle a hacer planes a medida 
que encuentra una "nueva normalidad" con el cáncer como parte de 
su vida.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="1540" language="English">Cancer--Living with Cancer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html" id="4824">Cuidado paliativo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html" id="1794">Cáncer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="1795">Quimioterapia para el cáncer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3193">Terapia alternativa para el cáncer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer, Sobrellevando el</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adaptación al cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/adaptacion-al-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/adjusting-to-cancer">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adaptación al cáncer: Ansiedad y sufrimiento (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/ansiedad-sufrimiento-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/anxiety-distress-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Afrontar el cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/deal-with-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/deal-with-cancer.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación segura durante el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000061.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apoyo emocional para los jóvenes con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/adolescentes-adultos-jovenes/apoyo-emocional" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya/support">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atención médica de seguimiento" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/supervivencia/cuidados-de-seguimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/follow-up-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Búsqueda de servicios médicos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/manejo-del-cancer/servicios?redirect=true" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/finding-cancer-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios emocionales, de salud mental y de estado de ánimo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-emocionales.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/emotional-mood-changes.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comunicación en la atención del cáncer (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/adaptacion-al-cancer/comunicacion-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/adjusting-to-cancer/communication-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de alimentación: Antes, durante y después del tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/consejos-de-alimentacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/eating-hints">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de efectos secundarios relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor: Apoyo para las personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/control-dolor.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/pain-control">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus: Información para las personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-informacion-personas-con-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-cancer-patient-information">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cosas que hay que saber sobre el costo del tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/administracion-de-los-costos/el-costo-del-tratamiento-contra-el-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-costs/the-cost-of-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestiones de fecundidad en las mujeres con cáncer: Niñas y adultas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestiones de fecundidad en los hombres con cáncer: Niños y adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-men">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores informales de pacientes con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/familia-y-amigos/familiares-a-cargo-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/family-friends/family-caregivers-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidados-paliativos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/palliative-care/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer, el sexo y el cuerpo femenino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/cancer-sexo-y-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer, la influenza y usted" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-flu-and-you.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/resources/features/CancerFlu/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar los efectos estéticos del tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cosmetic-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cosmetic-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo apoyar al niño al decirle que alguien que conoce tiene cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/personas-que-atienden-a-la-persona-con-cancer/apoyo-a-ninos-cuando-un-ser-querido-tiene-cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-tratamiento/como-manejar-los-cambios.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidarse mientras usted cuida a su ser querido: Apoyo para personas que cuidan a un ser querido con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/como-cuidarse" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/caring-for-the-caregiver">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer después de un desastre natural: Preguntas frecuentes para personas con cáncer y para quienes les cuidan" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/como-hacer-frente-al-cancer-despues-de-un-desastre-natural.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/coping-with-cancer-after-a-natural-disaster.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer: Busque el apoyo que necesita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000917.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer: Maneje la fatiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer: Pérdida del cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer: Véase y siéntase lo mejor posible" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000915.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000915.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con el cáncer crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000933.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar los problemas sexuales femeninos relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/problemas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar los problemas sexuales masculinos relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer/problemas-sexuales.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/sex-problems.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="De regreso al trabajo después del cáncer: Conozca sus derechos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000923.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/delirio" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/delirium">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/depresion-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/depression-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico de cáncer: 11 consejos para afrontarlo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-diagnosis/art-20044544?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-diagnosis/ART-20044544?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea: Causas relacionadas con el cáncer y cómo afrontarla" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/diarrhea/art-20044799?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/diarrhea/ART-20044799?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002096.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/dolor/dolor-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/pain/pain-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos tardíos del tratamiento anticanceroso en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/efectos-tardios-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espiritualidad en el tratamiento del cáncer (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/dia-a-dia/fe-y-espiritualidad/espiritualidad-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/day-to-day/faith-and-spirituality/spirituality-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés postraumático relacionado con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/supervivencia/nueva-normalidad/ptsd-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/new-normal/ptsd-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/hoja-informativa-estres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/stress-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fatiga y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fatiga" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fatigue">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/low-blood-counts/infections.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre los alimentos y la nutrición" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/FS24S_Span_Food%20and%20Nutrition_26APR2017_FINAL.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/linfedema" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Llagas y dolor en la boca" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/llagas-en-la-boca.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/mouth-sores.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición en el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/perdida-apetito/nutricion-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/appetite-loss/nutrition-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición para la persona con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/supervivencia/bienestar-durante-el-tratamiento/nutricion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/coping/nutrition.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómitos relacionados con el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/nauseas-vomitos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nausea/nausea-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud sexual en hombres con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sexuality-men">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Productos que afirman &quot;curar&quot; el cáncer son un engaño cruel" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-que-afirman-curar-el-cancer-son-un-engano-cruel" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-claiming-cure-cancer-are-cruel-deception">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pronóstico del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/pronostico">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prurito (y cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cambios-piel-unas/prurito-pro-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/skin-nail-changes/pruritus-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia en el cerebro" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuentos bajos de glóbulos rojos: Efecto secundario del tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20046192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/ART-20046192?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resequedad en la boca durante el tratamiento para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado durante el tratamiento para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentimientos y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexo y el hombre adulto con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siga adelante: La vida después del tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/siga-adelante" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/facing-forward">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobrevivientes del cáncer: Efectos tardíos del tratamiento oncológico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-survivor/ART-20045524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-survivor/ART-20045524?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sofocos y sudores nocturnos (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-mujeres/sofocos-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/hot-flashes-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Su plan de cuidado en la supervivencia al cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000822.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Supervivencia durante y después del tratamiento" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/supervivencia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/coping.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes cardiopulmonares (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar agua confiable durante el tratamiento para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000060.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trabajar durante el tratamiento para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000834.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000834.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sueño" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/insomnio/trastornos-del-sueno-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sleep-disorders-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer: Cómo lidiar con los bochornos y la sudoración nocturna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000826.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer: Manejo del dolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000827.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el cáncer: Fertilidad y efectos secundarios sexuales en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tómese su tiempo: Apoyo para las personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/tomese-su-tiempo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/taking-time">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida saludable después del cáncer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-survivors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las células madre tienen el potencial de convertirse en muchos tipos de células del cuerpo.Podrían servir algún día para el tratamiento de enfermedades." title="Células madre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html" id="2171" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las células madre tienen el potencial de convertirse en muchos tipos diferentes de células en el cuerpo. Ellas sirven como un sistema de reparación para el organismo. Hay dos tipos principales de células madre: las células madre embrionarias y células madre adultas&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las células madre se diferencian de las otras células del cuerpo en tres maneras:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;     Pueden dividirse y renovarse a sí mismas durante un largo tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;     No son especializadas, por lo que no pueden cumplir funciones específicas en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;     Tienen el potencial de convertirse en células especializadas, como las células musculares, células de la sangre y las células del cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos y los científicos están entusiasmados sobre las células madre porque podrían  ayudar en muchas áreas diferentes de la salud y la investigación médica. El estudio de las células madre puede ayudar a explicar cómo ocurren enfermedades graves como el cáncer y defectos de nacimiento. Algún día se podrían utilizar las células madre para crear células y tejidos para el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades. Ejemplos incluyen la enfermedad de Parkinson, enfermedad de Alzheimer, lesión de la médula espinal, enfermedades del corazón, diabetes y artritis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html" id="1395" language="English">Stem Cells</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1782">Trasplante de médula ósea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Trasplante de células madre</see-reference>
<site title="Bancos de sangre de cordón umbilical" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cord-blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cord-blood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corregir las partes del cuerpo defectuosas: Diseñar nuevos órganos y tejidos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/corregir-las-partes-del-cuerpo-defectuosas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Células madre: Qué son y qué hacen" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-transplant/in-depth/stem-cells/art-20048117?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-transplant/in-depth/stem-cells/art-20048117?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación de células madre y médula ósea" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/proceso.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/donors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación de médula ósea (células madre)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación de sangre del cordón umbilical del recién nacido" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/decisions-to-make/paginas/should-we-store-our-newborns-cord-blood.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/decisions-to-make/Pages/Should-We-Store-Our-Newborns-Cord-Blood.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de trasplante de células madre o médula ósea" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/donantes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/transplant-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad injerto contra huésped" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001309.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitos y verdades: La donación de células progenitoras sanguíneas" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/spanish-translations/nmdp-document-myths-and-facts-of-donation-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proceso de un trasplante de células madre o médula ósea" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/efectos-secundarios-del-trasplante.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/process.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y bancos de sangre del cordón umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-y-bancos-de-sangre-del-cordon-umbilical/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cord-blood-testing-and-banking/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangre del cordón umbilical" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/parto-y-nacimiento/la-sangre-del-cordon-umbilical.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1160.asp">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de células madre sanguíneas y de médula ósea" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS40S_Blood%20Marrow_SPA_6_16%20Reprint.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.lls.org/content/nationalcontent/resourcecenter/freeeducationmaterials/treatments/pdf/bloodmarrowstemcelltransplantation.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplantes de células madre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stem-cells.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stem-cells.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplantes de células madre en el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/trasplante-de-celulas-madre" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cólera causa diarrea y es causada por una bacteria que en general se encuentra en agua contaminada. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamiento del cólera." title="Cólera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholera.html" id="5710" language="Spanish" date-created="10/27/2010">
<also-called>Vibrio cholerae</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cólera es una infección bacteriana que causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;. Por lo general, la bacteria del cólera se encuentra en el agua o los alimentos que han sido contaminados por heces (excremento). El cólera es raro en los Estados Unidos. Puede infectarse si viaja a partes del mundo con pobre tratamiento del agua y de aguas residuales. Los brotes también pueden ocurrir después de un desastre. No es probable que la enfermedad se propague directamente de persona a persona.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, las infecciones de cólera son leves. Algunas personas no presentan síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, generalmente comienzan de dos a tres días después de la infección. El síntoma más común es la diarrea acuosa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, la infección puede ser grave y causar mucha diarrea acuosa, vómitos y calambres en las piernas. Debido a que pierde fluidos corporales rápidamente, corre el riesgo de sufrir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt;. Sin tratamiento, podría morir en cuestión de horas. Si cree que podría tener cólera, debe recibir atención médica de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican el cólera con una muestra de materia fecal o hisopado rectal. Se trata reemplazando los líquidos y las sales que perdió por la diarrea, usualmente al beber sales de rehidratación. Las personas con casos severos pueden necesitar una sonda intravenosa para reemplazar los fluidos. Algunas de ellas también pueden necesitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de las personas que obtiene de inmediato un reemplazo de líquidos se recupera.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen vacunas para prevenir el cólera. Uno de ellas está disponible para adultos en los EE. UU. Muy pocos estadounidenses la necesitan, porque la mayoría de las personas no visita áreas con un brote de cólera activo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También hay pasos simples que puede seguir para ayudar a prevenir la infección del cólera:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use solo agua embotellada o purificada para beber, lavar platos, hacer cubos de hielo y cepillarse los dientes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si usa agua del grifo, hiérvala o use tabletas de yodo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lávese las manos a menudo con jabón y agua limpia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese de que la comida que consuma esté completamente cocinada y servida caliente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evite las frutas y verduras crudas sin lavar o sin pelar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholera.html" id="5709" language="English">Cholera</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Cólera" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-bacterianas-bacterias-gramnegativas/c%C3%B3lera">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólera" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000303.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólera" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/cholera.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Cholera.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólera (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cholera.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholera.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólera: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cholera/symptoms-causes/syc-20355287?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El colesterol alto aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas. Los tratamientos para reducir el colesterol incluyen cambios en el estilo de vida, como dieta y ejercicio, y medicamentos, si es necesario." title="Cómo bajar su colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6810" language="Spanish" date-created="02/15/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El colesterol es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su organismo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colesterol produce en su hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol de baja densidad&lt;/a&gt;, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol de alta densidad&lt;/a&gt;, o HDL en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay algunas medidas que usted puede tomar para bajar el colesterol malo (LDL) y subir el colesterol bueno (HDL). Al mantener sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;niveles de colesterol&lt;/a&gt; dentro de los valores normales, puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedades del corazón.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los principales tratamientos para el colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los principales tratamientos para el colesterol alto son cambios en el estilo de vida y medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h4&gt;Cambios de estilo de vida para reducir el colesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieta saludable para el corazón&lt;/strong&gt;: Una dieta saludable para el corazón limita la cantidad de grasas saturadas y trans que consume. Recomienda que consuma solo las calorías suficientes para mantenerse en un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt; y evitar el aumento de peso. También insta a elegir una variedad de alimentos nutritivos que incluyen frutas, verduras, granos integrales y carnes magras. Algunos ejemplos de planes de alimentación que pueden bajar su colesterol incluyen la dieta de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;cambios terapéuticos de estilo de vida&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;plan de alimentación DASH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Si tiene sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;, perder peso puede ayudarle a reducir su colesterol malo (LDL) y subir su colesterol bueno (HDL). Esto es especialmente importante para las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;. El síndrome metabólico es un grupo de afecciones que en conjunto aumentan el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas y otros problemas de salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Realizar actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Los estudios han demostrado que el ejercicio puede bajar el colesterol malo (LDL) y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt; y subir el colesterol bueno (HDL). Antes de comenzar un programa de ejercicios, consulte con su profesional de la salud qué nivel de actividad física es el adecuado para u&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Los estudios muestran que el estrés crónico a veces puede subir el colesterol malo y bajar el colesterol bueno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; puede elevar su colesterol bueno (HDL). Como el colesterol bueno ayuda a eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de las arterias, tener más HDL puede ayudar a reducir el colesterol LDL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir lo suficiente y de buena calidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Dormir de siete a nueve horas cada noche reduce el riesgo de niveles altos de colesterol LDL (malo) y colesterol total&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Medicamentos para bajar el colesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para algunas personas, los cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes para bajar el colesterol. También pueden necesitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para el colesterol&lt;/a&gt;. Hay varios tipos. Funcionan de diferentes maneras y pueden tener distintos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios&lt;/a&gt;. Si su profesional de la salud le recomienda tomar, premedicamentos para el colesterolgúntele cuál sería la adecuada para usted&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aún si toma medicamentos para bajar el colesterol, debe continuar con los cambios del estilo de vida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son otros posibles tratamientos para el colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos otros posibles tratamientos para el colesterol alto pueden incluir:


&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Aféresis de lipoproteínas para reducir el colesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hipercolesterolemia familiar es una enfermedad hereditaria que provoca niveles muy altos de colesterol en la sangre. Algunas personas que la padecen pueden recibir un tratamiento llamado aféresis de lipoproteínas. Este tratamiento utiliza una máquina de filtrado para eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de su sangre. Luego, la máquina devuelve el resto de su sangre a su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h4&gt;Suplementos para bajar el colesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas compañías venden suplementos que, según afirman, pueden bajar el colesterol. Para muchos de estos suplementos, no hay evidencia suficiente que demuestre que puedan reducir los niveles de colesterol. Pero, en el caso de algunos suplementos, las investigaciones han descubierto que tienen efectos reductores del colesterol. Por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los suplementos de estanoles y esteroles vegetales, cuando se toman con las comidas, pueden reducir los niveles de colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunos productos de soja tienen un pequeño efecto reductor del colesterol. Pero las investigaciones han descubierto que comer alimentos de soja brinda más beneficios que tomar suplementos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La linaza entera y sus lignanos pueden ayudar a bajar los niveles de colesterol. Sin embargo, el aceite de linaza no&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los suplementos de ajo pueden reducir los niveles de colesterol, pero el efecto es pequeño en comparación con los efectos de los medicamentos para el colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los suplementos pueden causar efectos secundarios e interacciones con medicamentos. Siempre consulte con su profesional de la salud antes de tomar cualquier suplemento.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809" language="English">How to Lower Cholesterol</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6602">Beneficios del ejercicio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6808">Cómo bajar su colesterol con dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html" id="2158">Dejar de fumar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" id="4910">Estatinas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6812">Medicinas para el colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782">Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber</related-topic>
<site title="Colesterol y estilo de vida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controlar su peso con una alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercite su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000330_86.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000330_25.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos saludables para bajar de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo cuando se tiene una cardiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000094.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000094.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para el colesterol: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seis maneras de reducir el colesterol" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-maneras-de-reducir-el-colesterol" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-ways-to-lower-your-cholesterol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo: Consejos sobre cómo dejar de fumar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001992.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001992.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una dieta saludable, el control del peso y actividad física regular pueden ayudar a bajar el colesterol. Entérese cómo bajarlo con la dieta aquí." title="Cómo bajar su colesterol con dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6808" language="Spanish" date-created="02/15/2018">
<also-called>Dieta baja en colesterol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El colesterol es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células del cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colesterol se produce en el hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol de baja densidad&lt;/a&gt;, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol de alta densidad&lt;/a&gt;, o HDL en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los principales tratamientos para el colesterol alto son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;cambios de estilo de vida&lt;/a&gt; saludables para su corazón y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;. Los cambios en el estilo de vida incluyen una dieta saludable, control del peso y actividad física regular.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo bajar el colesterol con la dieta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los cambios de estilo de vida que son saludables para el corazón incluyen una dieta para reducir el colesterol. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;plan de alimentación DASH &lt;/a&gt; es un ejemplo. Otra es la dieta de cambios terapéuticos en el estilo de vida, la que recomienda que usted:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elija grasas más saludables&lt;/strong&gt;: Debe limitar tanto la grasa total como la grasa saturada. No más del 25 al 35% de sus calorías diarias deben provenir de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas en la dieta&lt;/a&gt;, y menos del 7% de sus calorías diarias deben provenir de grasas saturadas. Dependiendo de la cantidad de calorías que consume por día, estas son las cantidades máximas de grasas saturadas que debe comer:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Máxima cantidad de grasa saturada en su dieta, basado en calorías" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Calorías diarias&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Grasa saturada&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;1,200&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;8 gramos&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;1,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;10 gramos&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;2,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;13 gramos&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;2,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;17 gramos&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La grasa saturada es una grasa dañina porque sube su nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) más que cualquier otra cosa en su dieta. Se encuentra en algunas carnes, productos lácteos, chocolate, productos horneados y alimentos procesados y fritos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En lugar de estas grasas saturadas, cámbielas por alimentos con grasas más saludables, como las carnes magras, nueces y aceites insaturados como aceites de canola, oliva y cártamo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limite los alimentos con colesterol&lt;/strong&gt;: Si está tratando de bajar su colesterol, debe consumir menos de 200 mg al día. El colesterol se encuentra en alimentos de origen animal como el hígado y otras vísceras, yemas de huevo, camarones y productos lácteos de leche entera.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coma mucha fibra soluble&lt;/strong&gt;: Los alimentos ricos en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra soluble&lt;/a&gt; ayudan a evitar que el tracto digestivo absorba el colesterol. Debe tratar de consumir de 10 a 25 gramos por día. Los alimentos con alto contenido de fibra soluble incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cereales de grano entero como la avena y el salvado de avena&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frutas como manzanas, plátanos, naranjas, peras y ciruelas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Legumbres como frijoles, lentejas, garbanzos, frijoles de carete y habas
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consuma muchas frutas y verduras&lt;/strong&gt;: Son fuentes importantes de vitaminas, fibra y otros nutrientes. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aumente los estanoles y esteroles vegetales en su dieta&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas sustancias también ayudan a evitar que el tracto digestivo absorba el colesterol. Debe intentar consumir dos gramos al día. Se pueden encontrar en cereales integrales, frutos secos, legumbres y aceites, como de oliva y de aguacate (avocado). También se añaden a algunos alimentos, como ciertos tipos de jugo de naranja, margarina y pan.

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consuma alimentos de pescado con alto contenido de ácidos grasos omega-3&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas grasas especiales pueden reducir los niveles de LDL y triglicéridos. También pueden ayudar a controlar la presión arterial y bajar el riesgo de sufrir problemas con el ritmo cardíaco. Si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, pueden reducir su riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco. Los ácidos grasos omega-3 se pueden encontrar en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pescados como salmón, atún (enlatado o fresco) y caballa. La mayoría de las personas deberían intentar comer estos pescados dos veces por semana. Pero si está embarazada o amamantando, debe evitar el pescado que pueda tener un alto contenido de mercurio, como la caballa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fuentes vegetales como nueces, linaza, semillas de chía y aceites de canola y soja. Sin embargo, éstos tienen cantidades menores de ácidos omega-3 que las fuentes de pescado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alimentos fortificados, como ciertas marcas de huevos, yogur, jugos, leche, bebidas de soja y fórmulas infantiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limite la sal&lt;/strong&gt;: Debe intentar limitar la cantidad de &lt;a href="../spanish/sodium.html" tid="3667"&gt;sodio (sal)&lt;/a&gt; que consume a no más de 2,300 miligramos (aproximadamente una cucharadita de sal) por día. Eso incluye toda la sal que consume, ya sea que se haya agregado en la preparación de alimentos, la que usa en la mesa, o que ya esté presente en los productos alimenticios. Limitar la sal no reducirá el colesterol, pero puede bajar el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas al ayudar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;reducir la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;. Puede comer menos la sal eligiendo alimentos con bajo contenido de sal y "sin sal agregada", además de preferir condimentos en la mesa o al cocinar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limite el alcohol&lt;/strong&gt;: El alcohol añade calorías adicionales, las que pueden llevar a subir de peso. Tener sobrepeso puede elevar su nivel de colesterol malo y bajar su nivel de colesterol bueno. Demasiado alcohol también puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedades del corazón, porque puede elevar su presión arterial y el nivel de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;. Lo mejor es no beber, pero si lo hace:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No beba más de dos tragos al día si es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No beba más de un trago al día si es mujer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html"&gt;etiquetas nutricionales&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudarle a determinar cuánta grasa, grasa saturada, colesterol, fibra y sodio contienen los alimentos que compra.Esto puede ayudarle a comer más sano y bajar su colesterol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6807" language="English">How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6810">Cómo bajar su colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" id="4910">Estatinas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782">Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html" id="4278">Triglicéridos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colesterol, Dieta para bajarlo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dieta baja en colesterol</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentos ricos en fibra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol: Los principales alimentos que mejorarán tus niveles" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol/ART-20045192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol/ART-20045192?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo leer las etiquetas de los alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos sobre las grasas trans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta mediterránea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Explicación de las grasas en la alimentación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas omega-3: Buenas para su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huevos: ¿Son buenos o malos para el colesterol?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol/faq-20058468?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol/faq-20058468?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre las grasas monoinsaturadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre las grasas saturadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantequilla, margarina y aceites de cocina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plan de alimentación DASH: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Realidades acerca de las grasas poliinsaturadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables: Bajo en grasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sustitutos simples y saludables para el corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Su salud mental afecta todos los aspectos de su vida. Aprenda cómo mejorar su salud mental, a través del pensamiento positivo, técnicas de relajación y gratitud." title="Cómo mejorar la salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7408" language="Spanish" date-created="04/16/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psicológico y social. Afecta la forma en que pensamos, sentimos y actuamos cuando enfrentamos la vida. También ayuda a determinar cómo manejamos el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;, nos relacionamos con los demás y tomamos decisiones. La salud mental es importante en todas las etapas de la vida, desde la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html"&gt;niñez&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html"&gt;adolescencia&lt;/a&gt; hasta la edad adulta y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html"&gt;vejez&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué es importante la salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La salud mental es importante porque puede ayudar a:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfrentar el estrés de la vida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar físicamente saludable&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener buenas relaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contribuir en forma significativa a la comunidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trabajar productivamente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alcanzar su completo potencial &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas cosas diferentes que puede hacer para mejorar su salud mental, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantener una actitud positiva&lt;/strong&gt;: Es importante tratar de tener una perspectiva positiva. Algunas formas de hacerlo incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Encontrar el equilibrio entre las emociones positivas y negativas: Mantenerse positivo no significa que nunca sienta emociones negativas como tristeza o enojo. Necesita sentirlas para poder pasar por situaciones difíciles. Pueden ayudarle a responder a un problema, pero no va a querer que esas emociones le superen. Por ejemplo, no sirve seguir pensando en cosas malas que le sucedieron en el pasado o preocuparse demasiado por el futuro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Intentar mantener emociones positivas cuando las tienes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tomar un descanso de la información negativa: Sepa reconocer cuándo dejar de ver o leer noticias. Use las redes sociales para buscar apoyo y sentirse conectado con los demás, pero hágalo con cuidado. No caiga en rumores ni discusiones. Tampoco compare negativamente su vida con los demás&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practicar la gratitud&lt;/strong&gt; (sea agradecido): Esto significa estar agradecido por las cosas buenas de su vida. Es útil recordarlo todos los días, ya sea pensando en lo que está agradecido o escribiéndolo en un diario. Estas pueden ser grandes cosas, como el apoyo que tiene de sus seres queridos, o pequeñas cosas, como disfrutar de una buena comida. Es importante darse un momento para darse cuenta de alguna experiencia positiva que haya tenido. Practicar la gratitud puede ayudarle a ver su vida de manera diferente. Por ejemplo, si está estresado, es posible que no note que también vive momentos en los que siente emociones positivas. La gratitud puede ayudarle a reconocerlos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cuidar su salud física&lt;/strong&gt;: Su salud física y mental están conectadas. Algunas formas de cuidar su salud física incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;Estar físicamente activo&lt;/a&gt;: El ejercicio puede reducir la sensación de estrés y depresión y mejorar su estado de ánimo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir lo suficiente&lt;/a&gt;: El sueño afecta su estado de ánimo. Si no duerme bien, puede sentirse irritado y enojarse más fácilmente. A largo plazo, no dormir bien puede aumentar la probabilidad de tener depresión. Por ello, es importante asegurarse de tener un horario de sueño regular y dormir lo suficiente todas las noches&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;Alimentarse saludablemente&lt;/a&gt;: Una buena nutrición le ayudará a sentirse mejor físicamente, pero también puede mejorar su estado de ánimo y disminuir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; y el estrés. Además, no obtener una buena cantidad de ciertos nutrientes puede contribuir a ciertos trastornos mentales. Por ejemplo, puede haber un vínculo entre niveles bajos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B12&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;. Consumir una dieta bien balanceada puede ayudarle a obtener la cantidad suficiente de nutrientes que necesita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conectarse con los demás&lt;/strong&gt;: Los humanos somos seres sociales, y es importante tener relaciones fuertes y saludables con los demás. Tener un buen apoyo social puede ayudarle a protegerse contra los daños del estrés. También es bueno tener diferentes tipos de conexiones. Además de relacionarse con familiares y amigos, puede encontrar formas de involucrarse con su comunidad o barrio. Por ejemplo, puede ser voluntario para una organización local o unirse a un grupo que practique un pasatiempo que disfrute&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Desarrollar un significado y propósito en la vida&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ser a través de su trabajo, un voluntariado, aprender nuevas habilidades o explorar su espiritualidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Desarrollar habilidades para enfrentar problemas&lt;/strong&gt;: También llamadas habilidades de afrontamiento, estos son métodos que se utilizan para lidiar con situaciones estresantes. Pueden ayudar a enfrentar un problema, tomar medidas, ser flexible y no renunciar fácilmente a resolverlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meditación&lt;/strong&gt;: Práctica de mente y cuerpo que consiste en enfocar su atención y conciencia. Existen varios tipos, como la meditación de atención plena y la meditación trascendental. La meditación generalmente requiere:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Un lugar tranquilo con la menor cantidad de distracciones posible&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener una postura específica y cómoda. Puede ser sentado, acostado, caminando u otra posición&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un foco de atención, como una palabra especialmente elegida, un conjunto de palabras, un objeto o su respiración&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Una actitud abierta en la cual deja que los pensamientos vayan y vengan naturalmente sin juzgarlos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Técnicas de relajación&lt;/strong&gt;: Prácticas que buscan producir una respuesta de relajación natural del cuerpo. Esto hace más lenta su respiración, disminuye su presión arterial y reduce la tensión muscular y el estrés. Los tipos de técnicas de relajación incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Relajación progresiva: Consiste en tensar y relajar diferentes grupos musculares mientras usa imágenes mentales o ejercicios de respiración&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Imágenes guiadas: Consiste en enfocarse en imágenes positivas para ayudarle a sentirse más relajado y enfocado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Biorretroalimentación: Utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para aprender a controlar ciertas funciones del cuerpo, como la respiración, la frecuencia cardíaca y la tensión muscular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Autohipnosis: Su objetivo es entrar en un estado relajado y de trance al escuchar cierta sugerencia o ver una señal específica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ejercicios de respiración profunda: Consiste en concentrarse en una respiración lenta, profunda y relajada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;También es importante reconocer cuándo necesita ayuda. La terapia de conversación y / o medicamentos pueden tratar los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastornos mentales&lt;/a&gt;. Si no sabe dónde obtener tratamiento, comience por comunicarse con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7407" language="English">How to Improve Mental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<site title="Alimente su resiliencia: Recuperarse de los tiempos difíciles" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/alimente-su-resiliencia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/04/nurture-your-resilience">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amistades: Enriquecen tu vida y mejoran tu salud" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/friendships/art-20044860?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/friendships/art-20044860?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención plena para su salud: Los beneficios de vivir momento a momento" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/atencion-plena-para-su-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/06/mindfulness-your-health">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoestima: Adopta medidas para sentirte mejor contigo mismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Camino a la resiliencia (adaptabilidad)" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/camino?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conexión entre la mente y el cuerpo: Cómo sus emociones afectan su salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conexion-entre-mente-y-cuerpo-como-sus-emociones-afectan-su-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/mindbody-connection-how-your-emotions-affect-your-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos sobre cómo hablar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre su salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/consejos-para-hablar-con-su-proveedor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/tips-for-talking-with-your-health-care-provider">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la ira: Diez consejos para controlar tu temperamento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/anger-management/art-20045434?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/anger-management/art-20045434?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de su salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol/el-cuidado-de-su-salud-mental/el-cuidado-de-su-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar el estrés diario" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/estres-como-afrontar-mejor-los-retos-de-la-vida/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/stress-how-to-cope-better-with-lifes-challenges/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dormir bien: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios de conciencia plena" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/mindfulness-exercises/art-20046356?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/mindfulness-exercises/art-20046356?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emociones positivas y su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-emociones-positivas-y-su-salud">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espiritualidad y salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/espiritualidad-y-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/spirituality-and-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición y salud mental" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutricion-y-salud-mental/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/nutrition-mental-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Olvídese de eso: Mejorar su estado de ánimo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/olvidese-de-eso" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/01/shake-it">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pasos para tener una buena salud mental" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/steps-good-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/steps-good-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perdón: Soltar rencores y amarguras" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/forgiveness/art-20047692?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/forgiveness/art-20047692?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Practicar la gratitud: Maneras de mejorar el positivismo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/practicar-la-gratitud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/03/practicing-gratitude">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resiliencia: Desarrolla habilidades para resistir frente a las dificultades" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/resilience-training/in-depth/resilience/art-20046311">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Si quiere conservar su salud mental y física: Hable con el psicólogo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/consulte?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/talk?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesito ayuda para mi salud mental?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/necesito-ayuda-para-mi-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/my-mental-health-do-i-need-help">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchos estadounidenses están en riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2. Comer sano, hacer ejercicio y controlar el peso pueden ayudar a prevenir o retrasar la diabetes." title="Cómo prevenir la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6662" language="Spanish" date-created="11/01/2017">
<also-called>Prevención de la diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, sus niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt; son demasiado altos. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, esto ocurre porque su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina o no la utiliza bien, lo que se conoce como resistencia a la insulina. Si está en riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2, es posible que pueda prevenir o retrasar su desarrollo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas están en riesgo de diabetes tipo 2. Sus posibilidades de desarrollarla dependen de una combinación de factores de riesgo, como sus genes y estilo de vida. Los factores de riesgo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 
&lt;li&gt; Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;: Significa que tiene niveles de azúcar en la sangre más altos de lo normal, pero no lo suficientemente altos como para llamarse diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener 45 años o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener familiares con diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ser afroamericano, nativo de Alaska, indio americano, asiático americano, hispano o latino, nativo de Hawái o isleño del Pacífico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener un bajo nivel de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; bueno (HDL) o un alto nivel de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Haber tenido &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes en el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Haber dado a luz a un bebé que pesa nueve libras o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;estilo de vida inactivo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Tener  alguna &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad del corazón&lt;/a&gt; o haber sufrido un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Tener acantosis nigricans, una afección de la piel que la vuelve oscura y gruesa, especialmente alrededor de su cuello o axilas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo prevenir o retrasar la aparición de la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está en riesgo de desarrollar diabetes, es posible que pueda evitarla o retrasarla. La mayoría de las cosas que debe hacer implican un estilo de vida más saludable. Si realiza estos cambios, obtendrá además otros beneficios de salud. Puede reducir el riesgo de otras enfermedades y probablemente se sienta mejor y tenga más energía. Los cambios son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perder peso y mantenerlo.&lt;/strong&gt; El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;control del peso&lt;/a&gt; es una parte importante de la prevención de la diabetes. Es posible que pueda prevenir o retrasar la diabetes al perder entre el 5 y el 10% de su peso actual. Por ejemplo, si pesa 200 libras (90.7 kilos), su objetivo sería perder entre 10 y 20 libras (4.5 y 9 kilos). Y una vez que pierde el peso, es importante que no lo recupere&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable.&lt;/strong&gt; Es importante reducir la cantidad de calorías que consume y bebe cada día, para que pueda perder peso y no recuperarlo. Para lograrlo, su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html"&gt;dieta&lt;/a&gt; debe incluir porciones más pequeñas y menos grasa y azúcar. También debe consumir alimentos de cada grupo alimenticio, incluyendo muchos granos integrales, frutas y verduras. También es una buena idea limitar la carne roja y evitar las carnes procesadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haga ejercicio regularmente.&lt;/strong&gt; El ejercicio tiene muchos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;beneficios&lt;/a&gt; para la salud, incluyendo ayudarle a perder peso y bajar sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Ambos disminuyen el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2. Intente hacer al menos 30 minutos de actividad física cinco días a la semana. Si no ha estado activo, hable con su proveedor de salud para determinar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;qué tipos de ejercicios&lt;/a&gt; son los mejores para usted. Puede comenzar lentamente hasta alcanzar su objetivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No fume.&lt;/strong&gt; Fumar puede contribuir a la resistencia a la insulina, lo que puede llevar a tener diabetes tipo 2. Si ya fuma, intente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejarlo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hable con su proveedor de atención médica&lt;/strong&gt; para ver si hay algo más que pueda hacer para retrasar o prevenir la diabetes tipo 2. Si tiene un alto riesgo, su proveedor puede sugerirle tomar algún &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamento para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6661" language="English">How to Prevent Diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Diabetes, Prevención</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-tipo-2">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/factores-riesgo-tipo-2" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-type-2-diabetes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la diabetes: 5 consejos para tomar el control" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-prevention/art-20047639?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-prevention/art-20047639?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevengamos la diabetes (para promotores de salud)" url="https://www.nuestrasalud.org/prevengamosladiabetes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de la Salud Hispana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/prevenir-la-diabetes-tipo-2.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir la diabetes tipo 2 en los niños" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/prevenir-la-diabetes-tipo-2-en-los-ninos.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toma medidas para prevenir la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/diabetes/toma-medidas-prevenir-diabetes-tipo-2" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/diabetes/aim-healthy-weight">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/prevention.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad cardíaca es la principal causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos y es una causa importante de discapacidad. Hay muchos factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas que usted puede cambiar." title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1942" language="Spanish" date-created="03/12/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cardiaca&lt;/a&gt; es la principal causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos. También es una causa importante de discapacidad. Sin embargo, usted puede tomar medidas para mejorar su salud y ayudar a prevenir enfermedades del corazón. El primer paso es comprender su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Su riesgo depende de muchos factores, algunos de los cuales puede cambiar y otros no. Conocerlos y trabajar en las cosas que puede cambiar puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas que no puedo cambiar?&lt;/h3&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su edad:&lt;/strong&gt; Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca aumenta a medida que envejece. El riesgo es mayor para:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hombres de 45 años y mayores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mujeres de 55 años y mayores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunos factores de riesgo pueden afectar de manera diferente a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;mujeres&lt;/a&gt; y hombres. Por ejemplo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormona&lt;/a&gt; estrógeno brinda cierta protección contra las enfermedades cardíacas a las mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; pone en mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca a las mujeres que a los hombres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su raza u origen étnico&lt;/strong&gt;: Ciertos grupos tienen mayores riesgos que otros. Por ejemplo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los afrodescendientes tienen más probabilidades que los caucásicos de morir de enfermedades cardíacas, mientras que los hispanos y latinos tienen menos probabilidades de morir a causa de ellas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Como grupo, los estadounidenses de origen asiático tienen tasas más bajas de enfermedades cardíacas que otros grupos, pero los estadounidenses del sur de Asia tienen tasas más altas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su historia familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: Su riesgo es mayor si tiene un familiar cercano que tuvo una enfermedad cardíaca a una edad temprana, por ejemplo si:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su padre o hermano fue diagnosticado antes de los 55 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su madre o hermana fue diagnosticada antes de los 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes de preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta afección consiste en un repentino &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;aumento de la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y demasiada proteína en la orina durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca que puedo cambiar y qué puedo hacer para bajar mi riesgo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas que usted puede cambiar. Si realiza estos cambios, no sólo ayudará a proteger su corazón. También puede mejorar su salud y bienestar general.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que deba hacer muchos cambios. Si es necesario, puede realizar los cambios gradualmente, uno a la vez. Lo más importante es hacerlos. Dependiendo de su estilo de vida, estos cambios podrían incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlar su presión arterial&lt;/strong&gt;: La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;aumento de la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; es un importante factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Es importante controlar su presión arterial con regularidad, al menos una vez al año para la mayoría de los adultos y con mayor frecuencia si tiene hipertensión. También puede tomar medidas, incluyendo cambios en el estilo de vida, para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;prevenir&lt;/a&gt; o controlar la presión arterial alta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlar sus niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos&lt;/strong&gt;:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Niveles altos de colesterol pueden bloquear las arterias y aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt; (si son necesarios) pueden bajar el colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los triglicéridos son otro tipo de grasa en la sangre. Los niveles altos de triglicéridos también pueden aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, especialmente en las mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantener un peso saludable&lt;/strong&gt;: El sobrepeso o tener obesidad pueden aumentar el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardíacas. Esto se debe principalmente a que están relacionados con otros factores de riesgo de enfermedades del corazón, incluyendo niveles altos de colesterol y triglicéridos en la sangre, presión arterial alta y diabetes. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Controlar su peso&lt;/a&gt; puede reducir estos riesgos&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consumir una dieta saludable&lt;/strong&gt;: Trate de limitar las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt; saturadas, los alimentos con alto contenido de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sodio&lt;/a&gt; (sal) y el azúcar añadido. En su lugar, coma muchas frutas frescas, verduras y cereales integrales. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;dieta DASH&lt;/a&gt; es un ejemplo de un plan de alimentación que puede ayudarle a bajar la presión arterial y el colesterol, lo que puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Realizar actividad física regular&lt;/strong&gt;: Hacer ejercicio regularmente tiene muchos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;beneficios&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo fortalecer el corazón y mejorar la circulación. También puede ayudarle a mantener un peso saludable y bajar el colesterol y la presión arterial. Todo esto puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Beber demasiado alcohol puede subir la presión arterial. También agrega calorías adicionales, lo que puede causar aumento de peso. Ambos suben el riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Es mejor no beber, pero si lo hace:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No tome más de 2 tragos al día si es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No tome más de 1 trago al día si es mujer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No fumar&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt; cigarrillos sube la presión arterial y aumenta el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si no fuma, no empiece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si fuma, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; bajará su riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardíacas. Hable con su profesional de la salud para que le ayude a encontrar la mejor forma de dejar de fumar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlar el estrés&lt;/strong&gt;: El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; está relacionado con las enfermedades cardíacas de muchas maneras. Puede elevar su presión arterial. El estrés extremo puede ser un "desencadenante" de un ataque cardíaco. Además, algunas formas comunes de lidiar con el estrés, como comer en exceso, beber demasiado y fumar, son dañinos para el corazón. Algunas formas de ayudar a controlar el estrés incluyen hacer ejercicio, escuchar música, concentrarse en algo tranquilo o pacífico y meditar&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlar la diabetes&lt;/strong&gt;: Tener diabetes duplica el riesgo de sufrir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad del corazón relacionada a la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Esto se debe a que, con el tiempo, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;niveles altos de glucosa&lt;/a&gt; en sangre (azúcar en sangre) causados por la diabetes pueden dañar los vasos sanguíneos y los nervios que controlan el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Por ello, es importante hacerse una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/"&gt;prueba de diabetes&lt;/a&gt; y, si la tiene, mantenerla bajo control&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dormir bien&lt;/strong&gt;: Si no duerme lo suficiente, sube el riesgo de hipertensión arterial, obesidad y diabetes. Estas tres cosas pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener una enfermedad del corazón. Para mejorar su sueño:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si es adulto, trate de dormir de siete a nueve horas cada noche&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trate de tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;buenos hábitos de sueño&lt;/a&gt;, como mantener un horario nocturno regular y crear un buen ambiente en su dormitorio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene problemas para dormir frecuentes, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt; es un problema que hace que las personas dejen de respirar brevemente muchas veces durante el sueño. Esto interfiere con su capacidad para descansar bien y puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Si piensa que podría tener apnea del sueño, consulte con su profesional de la salud sobre la posibilidad de hacerse un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/"&gt;estudio del sueño&lt;/a&gt;. Y si tiene apnea del sueño, busque recibir tratamiento.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1598" language="English">How to Prevent Heart Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" id="4862">Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6810">Cómo bajar su colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6451">Prevención de la presión arterial alta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" id="6453">Pruebas para la salud del corazón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cardíacas, Prevención de enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Corazón, Prevención de enfermedades de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedades del corazón: Prevención</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prevención de enfermedades del corazón</see-reference>
<site title="Actividad física y el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon/actividad-fisica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart/physical-activity">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayuno: ¿Puede mejorar la salud del corazón?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/fasting-diet/faq-20058334?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/fasting-diet/FAQ-20058334?p=1">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía y dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002436.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corazón y el sistema circulatorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/heart.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades de las comidas saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/002436_98.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/002436_43.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener sano el corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/como-mantener-sano-el-corazon/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta mediterránea: Una dieta saludable para el corazón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/mediterranean-diet/art-20047801?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/mediterranean-diet/art-20047801?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta saludable para el corazón: 8 medidas para evitar enfermedades cardíacas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/art-20047702?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/ART-20047702?p=1">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ejercicio/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercite su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad cardíaca en las mujeres: Comprender los síntomas y los factores de riesgo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20046167?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/ART-20046167?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo cardiovascular para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/factores-de-riesgo-cardiovascular-para-ninos-y-adolescentes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-disease-risk-factors-for-children-and-teenagers/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de cardiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000106.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra alimentaria: esencial para una alimentación saludable" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frutos secos y el corazón: Comer frutos secos para la salud del corazón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/nuts/art-20046635?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/nuts/ART-20046635?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas omega-3: Buenas para su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre el corazón: Lo que hay que saber para mantener su corazón sano" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/resources/informacion-basica-sobre-el-corazon-lo-que-hay-que-saber-para-mantener-su-corazon-sano" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AHM-2023-HeartSmartFactSheet_2.pdf">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Millones de personas toman aspirina sin un beneficio claro" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/millones-de-personas-toman-aspirina-sin-un-beneficio-claro">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Más vale prevenir que lamentar: Una guía para la salud del corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/resources/heart/foto_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nutricion/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/HSmart/nutriti1.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peligros ambientales sobrecargan el corazón" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P1001BKF.PDF">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental / corporal: La enfermedad del corazón" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/corazon?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con aspirina diaria: Beneficios y riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/art-20046797?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/ART-20046797?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vino tinto y el resveratrol: ¿Son buenos para tu corazón?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/red-wine/art-20048281?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/red-wine/ART-20048281?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Platillos latinos sabrosos y saludables! / Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/sp_recip.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede la actividad física convertirse en un estilo de vida?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/how-can-phy-activity-become-way-of-life_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/How-Can-Physical-Activity-Become-a-Way-of-Life_UCM_308998_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo cocinar comida saludable?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/how-can-i-cook-healthfully--span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_300465.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué implica una vida saludable para el corazón?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vida-cardiosaludable" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-healthy-living">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Su usted es daltónico, tiene problemas para ver algunos colores. El más común es el problema para distinguir el verde y el rojo. No existe tratamiento. " title="Daltonismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorblindness.html" id="4401" language="Spanish" date-created="03/06/2012">
<also-called>Acromatismo</also-called>
<also-called>Acromatopsia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de nosotros ve el mundo a colores. Nos gusta ver un suntuoso césped verde o una rosa roja floreciendo. Si tiene un defecto para ver los colores, verá esos colores de una manera distinta a la mayoría de los demás. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres defectos principales para ver los colores. Los defectos de la vista para ver los colores rojo y verde son los más comunes. Este tipo es más frecuente en los hombres que en las mujeres. Los otros tipos importantes son los defectos de la vista para ver los colores azul y amarillo y la ausencia total de poder ver todos los colores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las veces, el daltonismo es genético. No existe un tratamiento, pero la mayoría de las personas se adapta y este cuadro no parece limitar sus actividades.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorblindness.html" id="4400" language="English">Color Blindness</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daltonismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001002.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Daltonismo: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/poor-color-vision/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354991?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Daltonismo: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/poor-color-vision/symptoms-causes/syc-20354988?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de visión cromática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003387.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el daltonismo?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/daltonismo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-color-blindness">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dandruff, flaking of skin on your scalp, can be annoying and itchy. Learn about how to treat it, as well as cradle cap and other scalp conditions." title="Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html" id="6410" language="English" date-created="10/18/2016">
<also-called>Seborrhea</also-called>
<also-called>Seborrheic Dermatitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your scalp is the skin on the top of your head. Unless you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html"&gt;hair loss&lt;/a&gt;, hair grows on your scalp. Different &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html"&gt;skin problems&lt;/a&gt; can affect your scalp.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dandruff is a flaking of the skin. The flakes are yellow or white. Dandruff may make your scalp feel itchy. It usually starts after puberty, and is more common in men. Dandruff is usually a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis, or seborrhea. It is a skin condition that can also cause redness and irritation of the skin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, using a dandruff shampoo can help control your dandruff. If that does not work, contact your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a type of seborrheic dermatitis that babies can get. It is called cradle cap. It usually lasts a few months, and then goes away on its own. Besides the scalp, it can sometimes affect other parts of the body, such as the eyelids, armpits, groin, and ears. Normally, washing your baby's hair every day with a mild shampoo and gently rubbing their scalp with your fingers or a soft brush can help. For severe cases, your health care provider may give you a prescription shampoo or cream to use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other problems that can affect the scalp include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Scalp &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tineainfections.html"&gt;ringworm&lt;/a&gt;, a fungal infection that causes itchy, red patches on your head. It can also leave bald spots. It usually affects children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Scalp &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;, which causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. About half of the people with psoriasis have it on their scalp.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html" id="6411" language="Spanish">Caspa, costra láctea y otras afecciones del cuero cabelludo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012536">Scalp Dermatoses</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012628">Dermatitis, Seborrheic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063807">Dandruff</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5428">Common Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html" id="272">Head Lice</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html" id="373">Psoriasis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html" id="40">Skin Conditions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tineainfections.html" id="1228">Tinea Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Seborrheic Dermatitis</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dermatitis, Seborrheic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dermatitis,+Seborrheic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cradle cap" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007582.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cradle Cap" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cradle-cap/symptoms-causes/syc-20350396?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cradle Cap (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cradle-cap.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cradle-cap.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cradle Cap: Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cradle-cap/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350400?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cradle-cap/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350400?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dandruff" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/dandruff?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dandruff (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dandruff.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dandruff.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dandruff: Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353854?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dandruff/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353854?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dandruff: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/symptoms-causes/syc-20353850?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dandruff/symptoms-causes/syc-20353850?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kerion" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/kerion?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Seborrheic Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/seborrheic-dermatitis-pediatric?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dandruff%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Scalp+Dermatoses%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Dermatitis%2C+Seborrheic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm of the scalp" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000878.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm, Scalp (Tinea Capitis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/tinea-capitis-ringworm-of-scalp?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scalp Psoriasis vs. Seborrheic Dermatitis: What's the Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/FAQ-20058544?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/faq-20058544?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/seborrheic-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic dermatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000963.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic Dermatitis and Rosacea" url="https://www.rosacea.org/patients/seborrheic-dermatitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic Dermatitis Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic Dermatitis: Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms?NoAds">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tea Tree Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tea-tree-oil">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The DASH eating plan helps lower high blood pressure. It recommends eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limiting salt, bad fats, and sweets. Learn about this heart-healthy eating plan." title="DASH Eating Plan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" id="6278" language="English" date-created="10/06/2015">
<also-called>DASH Diet</also-called>
<also-called>Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. It is an eating plan that is based on research studies sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). These studies showed that DASH lowers &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and improves levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;. This reduces your risk of getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The DASH eating plan:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Emphasizes vegetables, fruits, and whole-grains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Includes fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetable oils&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limits foods that are high in saturated fat. These foods include fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limits sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Along with DASH, other lifestyle changes can help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;lower your blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;. They include staying at a healthy weight, exercising, and not smoking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html" id="6279" language="Spanish">Plan de alimentación DASH</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073601">Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>DASH Diet</see-reference>
<site title="Can Whole-Grain Foods Lower Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/FAQ-20058417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/faq-20058417?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: DASH Diet" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=DASH+Diet&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DASH Diet for High Blood Pressure" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dash-diet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dash-diet.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="DASH diet to lower high blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="DASH Diet: Healthy Eating to Lower Your Blood Pressure" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/dash-diet/art-20048456?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/dash-diet/art-20048456?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="DASH Eating Plan" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/dash-eating-plan">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DASH Eating Plan: Reducing Blood Pressure through Diet and Lifestyle" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/health-conditions/cardiovascular-health-heart-disease-hypertension/dash-diet-reducing-hypertension-through-diet-and-lifestyle">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="DASH Eating Plan: Tips to Keep on Track" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/tips-keep-track">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting Started on DASH" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/GettingStarted.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/empezando-con-dash-getting-started-dash">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Low Sodium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-sodium/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Low-fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypertension: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypertension">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DASH Eating Plan" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dietary+Approaches+To+Stop+Hypertension%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/TipsToReduceSodium.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding the DASH diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000784.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Week with the DASH Eating Plan" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/week-dash-eating-plan">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why the DASH Eating Plan Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/WhyDASHWorks_UpdateNov20.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/por-que-funciona-el-plan-de-alimentacion-dash-why-dash-eating-plan-works">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Guide To Lowering Your Blood Pressure with DASH" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/new_dash.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body, often in the leg. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments." title="Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="1683" language="English" date-created="06/18/2002">
<also-called>DVT</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; that forms in a vein deep in the body. Most deep vein clots occur in the lower leg or thigh. If the vein swells, the condition is called thrombophlebitis. A deep vein thrombosis can break loose and cause a serious problem in the lung,  called a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;pulmonary embolism&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sitting still for a long time can make you more likely to get a DVT. Some medicines and disorders that increase your risk for blood clots can also lead to DVTs. Common symptoms are :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Warmth and tenderness over the vein &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Pain or swelling in the part of the body affected &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Skin redness &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment includes medicines to ease pain and inflammation, break up clots and keep new clots from forming. Keeping the affected area raised and applying moist heat can also help. If you are taking a long car or plane trip, take a break, walk or stretch your legs and drink plenty of liquids.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="2269" language="Spanish">Trombosis venosa profunda</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020246">Venous Thrombosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/deepveinthrombosis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076">Blood Clots</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4083">Peripheral Arterial Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="377">Pulmonary Embolism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html" id="533">Vascular Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>DVT</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venous Thrombosis</see-reference>
<site title="About Venous Thromboembolism (Blood Clots)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/NCBDDD/Spanish/dvt/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antithrombin III blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003661.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basics of Blood Clots: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-basics-of-blood-clots-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/conceptos-basicos-sobre-los-coagulos-de-sangre-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Clotting and Pregnancy" url="https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-clots/pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Hematology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Thinners: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thrombo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thrombo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Venous Insufficiency" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/chronic-venous-insufficiency-cvi">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Phlebitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Phlebitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thrombophlebitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thrombophlebitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Venous Thrombosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Venous+Thrombosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compression stockings" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="D-dimer test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007620.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="D-Dimer Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/d-dimer-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-dimero-d/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Venous Thromboembolism" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/deep-vein-thrombosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep vein thrombosis - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000027.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep venous thrombosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000156.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Doppler Ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia-doppler/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Interventional Radiologist" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/doctor-finder/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Focus on Blood Clots" url="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/633ba514bb0a7342b4a41bc8/t/639789a3d76f5e6428f0a615/1670875557326/VC_FocusOnBloodClots_FINAL-1-1.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/patients/glossary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Spot and Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/01/how-spot-prevent-deep-vein-thrombosis" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-detectar-y-prevenir-la-trombosis-venosa-profunda">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement and Removal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/VenaCavaFilter" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/VenaCavaFilter">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limb plethysmography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007288.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesenteric venous thrombosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001157.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001157.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phlegmasia cerulea dolens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000200.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postthrombotic Syndrome" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.925651">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Blood Clots After Orthopaedic Surgery" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/preventing-blood-clots-after-orthopaedic-surgery-video/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/preventing-deep-vein-thrombosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Como-prevenir-la-trombosis-venosa-profunda">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Venous+Thrombosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/air-land-sea/deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Risk for Blood Clots with Travel" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/risk-factors/travel.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/dvt/travel.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculature of the Leg" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vasculature-of-the-leg/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vasos-sanguineos-de-la-pierna/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venogram - leg" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003773.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003773.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Venography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venous insufficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000203.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venous Thromboembolism and Marathon Athletes" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004586">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Venous thrombosis - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100168_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100168_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venous Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venousus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/venousus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Venous Thromboembolism?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/venous-thromboembolism" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tromboembolia-venosa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un defecto cardíaco congénito es un problema con la estructura del corazón ya presente desde el momento del nacimiento. Síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamiento." title="Defectos cardíacos congénitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="1833" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Defectos del corazón de nacimiento</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los defectos cardíacos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los defectos cardíacos congénitos son problemas con la estructura del corazón. "Congénito" significa que los problemas están presentes al nacer. Estos defectos ocurren cuando el corazón de un bebé no se desarrolla normalmente durante el embarazo. Los defectos cardíacos congénitos son el tipo más común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defecto de nacimiento&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los defectos cardíacos congénitos pueden cambiar la forma en que el corazón bombea la sangre. Pueden hacer que la sangre fluya con demasiada lentitud, ir en la dirección contraria o bloquearla por completo.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos de defectos cardíacos congénitos. Pueden ocurrir en una o más partes del corazón. Los tipos más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defectos septales&lt;/strong&gt; ("agujero en el corazón"): Orificios en la pared entre los lados izquierdo y derecho del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defectos de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;válvulas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Problemas con las válvulas que controlan el flujo de sangre a través del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Defectos en los grandes vasos sanguíneos&lt;/strong&gt; que transportan sangre dentro y fuera del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los defectos cardíacos congénitos pueden variar desde problemas muy leves que nunca necesitan tratamiento hasta problemas que amenazan la vida al nacer. Los defectos cardíacos congénitos más graves se conocen como cardiopatías congénitas críticas. En general, los bebés con estos defectos necesitan cirugía durante el primer año de vida. Pero es posible que los síntomas de los defectos cardíacos más leves no se manifiesten hasta la niñez o la edad adulta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de los defectos cardíacos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los investigadores no saben qué causa los defectos cardíacos congénitos. Saben que, en ocasiones, los cambios en los genes de un bebé causan un defecto cardíaco. Los genes con cambios pueden ser heredados de los padres o pueden ocurrir durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener un bebé con un defecto cardíaco congénito?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Varias cosas pueden aumentar la posibilidad de que su bebé tenga un defecto cardíaco congénito, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su salud antes y durante el embarazo&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; antes del embarazo o desarrollarla en los primeros 3 meses del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; (la diabetes que se desarrolla posteriormente en el embarazo no es un riesgo importante de defectos cardíacos). Controlar cuidadosamente su nivel de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt; antes y durante el embarazo puede reducir el riesgo de defectos cardíacos congénitos de su bebé&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html"&gt;fenilcetonuria&lt;/a&gt;, un trastorno hereditario raro que afecta la forma en que el cuerpo usa una proteína en los alimentos. Si tiene esta afección, llevar una dieta baja en proteínas antes de quedar embarazada puede reducir el riesgo de que su bebé tenga un defecto cardíaco congénito&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html"&gt;rubéola&lt;/a&gt; (sarampión alemán) durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su contacto con ciertas sustancias durante el embarazo&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt; (respirar humo de otro fumador)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;, como los inhibidores convertidores de angiotensina para la presión arterial alta y los ácidos retinoicos para el acné. Si está embarazada o planea quedar embarazada, hable con su profsional de la salud sobre todos los medicamentos que toma&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su historia clínica familiar y genética:&lt;/strong&gt; En la mayoría de los casos, los defectos cardíacos congénitos no se dan en familias. Pero su probabilidad de tener un bebé con un defecto cardíaco congénito aumenta si usted o el otro progenitor tiene un defecto cardíaco congénito, o si ya tienen un hijo con un defecto cardíaco congénito&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los defectos cardíacos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los defectos cardíacos congénitos no causan dolor. Los signos y síntomas son diferentes, según el tipo y número de defectos y su gravedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas comunes de los defectos cardíacos congénitos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cianosis:  Un color azulado en la piel, los labios y las uñas. Ocurre cuando no hay suficiente oxígeno en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;: Su bebé puede estar inusualmente somnoliento y puede cansarse mucho al alimentarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flujo sanguíneo deficiente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiración rápida o difícil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Soplo cardíaco:  Sonido inusual entre los latidos del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas causan los defectos cardíacos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los defectos cardíacos congénitos no siempre causan otros problemas. Si los causan, los problemas que tenga dependerán del tipo y la cantidad de defectos y de su gravedad.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Los niños con defectos cardíacos congénitos tienen más probabilidades de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ser más pequeños que otros niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas o retrasos en el crecimiento mental y emocional y en el comportamiento, como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;Problemas del habla y del lenguaje&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" tid="1762"&gt;Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con defectos cardíacos congénitos pueden desarrollar otras afecciones de salud, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;: Infección del revestimiento del corazón y las válvulas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt;: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;: Ocurre cuando el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre al cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;Hipertensión pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;: Presión arterial alta en los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedad &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renal&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hepática&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los defectos cardíacos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antes de que nazca un bebé&lt;/strong&gt;, el profesional de la salud puede usar imágenes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt; del corazón del bebé para buscar defectos cardíacos. Esto se llama ecocardiograma fetal. Se realiza entre las semanas 18 y 22 de embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durante los primeros días después del nacimiento&lt;/strong&gt;, todos los recién nacidos son examinados para detectar defectos cardíacos congénitos. Se coloca un&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/"&gt;oxímetro de pulso&lt;/a&gt; en las manos o los pies de su bebé para medir su oxígeno en la sangre. Si muestra niveles bajos de oxígeno en la sangre, se necesitarán más pruebas para determinar si el bebé tiene un defecto cardíaco&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para diagnosticar defectos cardíacos congénitos en bebés, niños y adultos&lt;/strong&gt;, un profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas, incluyendo:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; para ver cómo está funcionando el corazón&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para ver si ciertos problemas genéticos causaron el defecto&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los defectos cardíacos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tipo de defecto cardíaco congénito y de su gravedad. Los posibles tratamientos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cateterismo cardíaco&lt;/strong&gt; para reparar defectos simples, como un pequeño orificio en la pared interior del corazón. Un cateterismo usa un tubo delgado que se guía a través de una vena hasta el corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Cirugía cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; puede ser necesaria para:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Reparar defectos en el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Reparar o reemplazar una válvula cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Colocar un dispositivo en el pecho para ayudar al corazón a bombear sangre&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Hacer un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A menudo se usan medicamentos si su bebé tiene un tipo específico de defecto cardíaco congénito llamado conducto arterioso permeable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Todos los niños y adultos que tienen defectos cardíacos congénitos necesitan seguimiento regular de un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades del corazón) durante toda su vida, incluso si se reparó su defecto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas pueden necesitar varias cirugías cardíacas o cateterismos a lo largo de los años. Es posible que también necesiten tomar medicamentos para ayudar a que sus corazones funcionen lo mejor posible.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
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<see-reference>Fallot, Tetralogia</see-reference>
<see-reference>TOF</see-reference>
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<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Defecto del relieve endocárdico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007324.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007324.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dextrocardia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007326.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Doble entrada ventricular izquierda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007327.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Doble salida ventricular derecha" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007328.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001115.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo total" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/drenaje-venoso-pulmonar-anomalo-total/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/total.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007669.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007669.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades cardíacas y embarazo: Infórmate sobre los riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis de la válvula pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001096.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis de la válvula pulmonar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-valve-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20377034?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-valve-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20377034?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula de la arteria coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007315.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Levotransposición de las grandes arterias (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/l-tga.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/l-tga.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformación del canal auriculoventricular" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/av-canal-defect.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/av-canal-defect.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miocardiopatía arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho (MAVD)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/displasia-ventricular-derecha-arritmogenica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/arrhythmogenic-right-ventricular-dysplasia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oximetría de pulso" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/pulse-oximetry.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulse-oximetry.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Persistencia del agujero oval" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001113.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimiento de Glenn" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/glenn-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/glenn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003795.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retos a los que se enfrentan los padres de niños con cardiopatías congénitas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/heart/paginas/challenges-faced-by-parents-of-children-with-congenital-heart-disease.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/heart/pages/challenges-faced-by-parents-of-children-with-congenital-heart-disease.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soplos cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003266.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soplos cardíacos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/heart-murmurs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/heart-murmurs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soplos cardíacos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/soplos-cardiacos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soplos cardíacos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/murmurs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/murmurs.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome cardio-facio-cutáneo" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12554/sindrome-cardio-facio-cutaneo/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Aarskog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001654.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de deleción del cromosoma 22q11.2 (Síndrome de DiGeorge)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/22q11-deletion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/22q11-deletion.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Eisenmenger" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007317.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/noonan-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/noonan-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Williams" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/williams-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/williams-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del corazón izquierdo hipoplásico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypoplastic-hlhs-animation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypoplastic-hlhs-animation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del corazón izquierdo hipoplásico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001106.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del corazón izquierdo hipoplásico" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/sindrome-del-corazon-izquierdo-hipoplasico/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/lefthear.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetralogía de Fallot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001567.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetralogía de Fallot (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tetralogy-of-fallot.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transposición de las grandes arterias" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/pedi%C3%A1trica-y-cardiopat%C3%ADas-cong%C3%A9nitas/transposici%C3%B3n-de-las-grandes-arterias" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/pediatric-and-congenital-heart-disease/transposition-of-the-great-arteries">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transposición de las grandes arterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001568.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001568.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transposición de las grandes arterias" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/transposicion-de-las-grandes-arterias/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/tga.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tronco arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001111.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventana aortopulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007319.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventrículo único (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/single-vent-defects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/single-vent-defects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Válvula aórtica bicúspide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007325.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cardiocirujano pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-heart-surgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Heart-Surgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las cardiopatías congénitas?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cardiopatias-congenitas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los defectos congénitos ocurren mientras un bebé se desarrolla dentro de la madre. Algunos pueden prevenirse. Entérese sobre malformaciones congénitas. " title="Defectos congénitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Defectos de nacimiento</also-called>
<also-called>Malformaciones congénitas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los defectos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un defecto congénito es un problema que ocurre mientras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;se desarrolla el bebé&lt;/a&gt; en el cuerpo de la madre. La mayoría de los defectos congénitos ocurren durante los primeros tres meses del embarazo. Uno de cada 33 bebés en los Estados Unidos nace con un defecto congénito.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un defecto de nacimiento puede afectar la apariencia del cuerpo, su funcionamiento o ambos. Algunos defectos congénitos como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;labio leporino&lt;/a&gt; o los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;defectos del tubo neural&lt;/a&gt;  son problemas estructurales que pueden ser fáciles de notar. Otros, como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;, se diagnostican usando pruebas especiales. Los defectos congénitos pueden variar de leves a severos. En general, la forma en que éstos afectan la vida de un niño depende de qué órgano o parte del cuerpo está involucrado y qué tan serio es el problema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa los defectos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para algunos defectos congénitos, los investigadores conocen la causa, pero se desconoce la causa exacta para muchos otros. Los investigadores piensan que la mayoría de los defectos de nacimiento son causados por una combinación compleja de factores, que pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética&lt;/strong&gt;: Uno o más genes pueden tener un cambio o mutación que les impide funcionar bien. Por ejemplo, esto sucede en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome X frágil&lt;/a&gt;. Con algunos defectos, puede faltar un gen o parte del gen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas cromosómicos&lt;/strong&gt;: En algunos casos, puede faltar un cromosoma o parte de un cromosoma. Esto es lo que sucede en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Turner&lt;/a&gt;. En otros casos, como el síndrome de Down, el niño tiene un cromosoma adicional&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposición a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;, productos químicos u otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html"&gt;sustancias tóxicas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Por ejemplo, el uso inapropiado del alcohol puede causar trastornos del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;espectro alcohólico fetal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Infecciones durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Por ejemplo, la infección con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html"&gt;virus del Zika&lt;/a&gt; durante el embarazo puede causar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html"&gt;defecto grave en el cerebro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Falta de ciertos nutrientes&lt;/strong&gt;: No obtener suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt; antes y durante el embarazo es un factor clave para causar defectos del tubo neural&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener un bebé con defectos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores pueden aumentar las posibilidades de tener un bebé con un defecto congénito, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fumar, beber alcohol o tomar ciertas drogas ilegales &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener ciertas afecciones médicas antes y durante el embarazo como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; no controlada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener a alguien en su familia con un defecto congénito. Para saber más sobre su riesgo de tener un bebé con un defecto de nacimiento, puede hablar con un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html"&gt;asesor genético&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ser madre tarde en la vida, generalmente después de los 34 años de edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los defectos de nacimiento?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud pueden diagnosticar algunos defectos congénitos durante el embarazo usando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html"&gt;pruebas prenatales&lt;/a&gt;. Por eso es importante recibir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;atención prenatal&lt;/a&gt; regular.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede que no se encuentren otros defectos de nacimiento hasta después del nacimiento del bebé, por ejemplo, a través de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html"&gt;exámenes de detección de recién nacidos&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos defectos, como el pie zambo, son evidentes de inmediato. En otros, el profesional de la salud puede no descubrir un defecto hasta más adelante en la vida, cuando el niño tiene síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los defectos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los niños con defectos congénitos necesitan cuidados y tratamientos especiales. Debido a que los síntomas y problemas causados por estos defectos varían, los tratamientos también son distintos. Las posibles terapias pueden incluir cirugía, medicamentos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html"&gt;dispositivos de asistencia&lt;/a&gt;, fisioterapia y terapia del habla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños con defectos de nacimiento pueden necesitar una variedad de servicios y es posible que necesiten ver a varios especialistas. El proveedor de atención primaria de salud puede coordinar la atención especial que necesite el niño.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir los defectos congénitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No todos los defectos congénitos se pueden prevenir, pero hay cosas que puede hacer antes y durante el embarazo para aumentar sus posibilidades de tener un bebé sano:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comience la atención prenatal tan pronto como piense que podría estar embarazada y vea seguido a su profesional de la salud regularmente durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tome 400 microgramos (mcg) de ácido fólico todos los días. Si es posible, debe comenzar a tomarlo al menos un mes antes de quedar embarazada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No beba alcohol, fume ni use drogas ilegales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cualquier medicamento que esté tomando o piense tomar. Esto incluye medicamentos recetados y de venta libre, así como suplementos dietéticos o herbales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entérese cómo prevenir las infecciones durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si tiene alguna afección médica, intente controlarla antes de quedar embarazada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127" language="English">Birth Defects</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5758">Anomalías craneofaciales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="1833">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html" id="2050">Defectos del tubo neural</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921">Enfermedades genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="1825">Labio leporino y paladar hendido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1897">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html" id="6165">Malformaciones de Chiari</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html" id="3023">Malformaciones del cerebro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" id="1922">Pruebas genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" id="3092">Pruebas prenatales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6058">Salud y desarrollo fetal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3118">Trastornos cerebrales genéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901">Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nacimiento, Defectos</see-reference>
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<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<site title="Hipospadias" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/hipospadias.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/hypospadias.html">
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<site title="Hipospadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001286.htm">
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<site title="Malformaciones congénitas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/paginas/congenital-abnormalities.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/Pages/Congenital-Abnormalities.aspx">
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<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie zambo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/pie-zambo.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/baby/clubfoot.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polihidramnios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003267.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cariotipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Páncreas anular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001142.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de ano imperforado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002926.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de gastrosquisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002924.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hernia diafragmática congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002936.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002936.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hipospadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003000.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de onfalocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002938.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del pie zambo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002964.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de ano imperforado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100030_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100030_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de la gastrosquisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100023_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100023_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de onfalocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100033_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100033_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una hernia diafragmática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100014_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100014_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica del pie zambo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100056_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100056_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secuencia de bandas amnióticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001579.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siameses" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/conjoined-twins/symptoms-causes/syc-20353910?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/conjoined-twins/symptoms-causes/syc-20353910?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobre los defectos de nacimiento" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/birthdefects/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/about">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobre los defectos de nacimiento" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/sobre-los-defectos-de-nacimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Pierre Robin" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pierre-robin-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pierre-robin-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Williams" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001116.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Williams" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/williams-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/williams-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del abdomen en ciruela pasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001269.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testículos no descendidos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/testiculos-no-descendidos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos en el desarrollo del aparato reproductor femenino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001497.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos encefálicos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/trastornos-encefalicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/cephalic-disorders-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trisomía 13" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001660.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trisomía 18" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001661.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tipos de defectos de nacimiento?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/birthdefects/informacion/tipos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/conditioninfo/types">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican defectos de nacimiento los proveedores de atención médica?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/birthdefects/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cirujano plástico pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-plastic-surgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Plastic-Surgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dos tipos de defectos del tubo neural son la espina bífida y la anencefalia. Pueden prevenirse tomando suficiente ácido fólico antes y durante el embarazo." title="Defectos del tubo neural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html" id="2050" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los defectos del tubo neural son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; del cerebro, la columna vertebral y la médula espinal. Se producen en el primer mes de embarazo, muchas veces antes que la mujer sepa que está embarazada. Los dos defectos más comunes son la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html"&gt;espina bífida&lt;/a&gt; y la anencefalia. En la espina bífida, la columna vertebral del feto no llega a cerrarse del todo. Suele haber un daño a los nervios que causa parálisis leve en las piernas. En la anencefalia, gran parte del cerebro y cráneo no se desarrolla. Generalmente, los bebés con anencefalia nacen sin vida o mueren poco tiempo después de nacer. Otro tipo de defecto del tubo neural son las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html"&gt;malformaciones de Chiari&lt;/a&gt;, que causa que el tejido cerebral se extienda al canal espinal. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conocen las causas de los defectos del tubo neural. Existen mayores riesgos de que un feto los desarrolle si la madre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene obesidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sufre de diabetes y no está bien controlada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma ciertos medicamentos para las convulsiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Tomar suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt;, un tipo de vitamina B, antes y durante el embarazo, previene la mayoría de los defectos del tubo neural. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los defectos del tubo neural se diagnostican antes de que el niño nazca a través de exámenes de laboratorio o de imagen. No existe una cura para estas afecciones. El daño a los nervios y la pérdida de las funciones, muchas veces son permanentes. Sin embargo, una variedad de tratamientos pueden, a veces, prevenir daños futuros y ayudar con las complicaciones.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html" id="340" language="English">Neural Tube Defects</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html" id="2162">Espina bífida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html" id="1965">Hidrocefalia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html" id="6165">Malformaciones de Chiari</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html" id="3023">Malformaciones del cerebro</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anencefalia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chiari, Malformaciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tubo neural, Defectos</see-reference>
<site title="Alfa fetoproteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/amniocentesis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/amniocentesis.aspx">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anencefalia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/anencefalia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/anencephaly.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anencefalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001580.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de la sangre materna" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/analisis-de-la-sangre-materna.aspx">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Defectos del tubo neural" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encefalocele" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/encefalocele.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de AFP (alfafetoproteína)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos encefálicos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/trastornos-encefalicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/cephalic-disorders-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los defectos del tubo neural?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántas personas están en riesgo de padecer defectos del tubo neural?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los profesionales de la salud los defectos del tubo neural?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Hay enfermedades o trastornos asociados con los defectos del tubo neural?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/asociadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina es un trastorno hereditario que aumenta su riesgo de sufrir una enfermedad de los pulmones y del hígado. Síntomas." title="Deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html" id="2273" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Alfa-1</also-called>
<also-called>Deficiencia de AAT</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad de Alfa-1 antitripsina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT) es una afección hereditaria que aumenta el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;pulmonares&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hepáticas&lt;/a&gt;. Si tiene esta afección, su cuerpo no produce suficiente alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La AAT es producida por el hígado. Ayuda a proteger los pulmones de la inflamación y de sustancias irritantes que puede respirar, como el humo. Si su hígado no produce suficiente AAT, sus pulmones pueden dañarse más fácilmente por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;contaminación&lt;/a&gt; o el polvo del medio ambiente. Esto puede causar una afección pulmonar grave llamada enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt;). La deficiencia de AAT también puede causar una enfermedad del hígado llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt;. Esto es más común en niños que tienen deficiencia de AAT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La deficiencia de AAT es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno genético&lt;/a&gt;, es decir, es causada por cambios en los genes, también conocido como variantes o mutaciones genéticas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los genes contienen información que controla su apariencia y cómo funciona el cuerpo. La deficiencia de AAT es causada por cambios en el gen SERPINA1, que transporta instrucciones para producir la proteína AAT. Estos cambios genéticos se heredan de los padres, por lo que la deficiencia de AAT tiende a ser hereditaria:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si tiene dos copias mutadas del gen,&lt;/strong&gt; significa que tiene una afección llamada deficiencia de AAT. Las personas con este trastorno tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedad pulmonar o daño hepático antes de los 45 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si tiene una copia mutada del gen,&lt;/strong&gt; es portador de deficiencia de AAT. En estos casos, significa que tiene un riesgo ligeramente mayor de tener una enfermedad pulmonar, especialmente si tiene otros factores de riesgo, como fumar. También podría transmitir el gen mutado a sus hijos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay algunos cambios genéticos que causan deficiencia de AAT. Estos cambios genéticos pueden:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disminuir la cantidad de proteína AAT que produce su hígado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar que su hígado produzca AAT&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Afectar la forma de la proteína AAT para que no pueda salir del hígado para proteger los pulmones. Con el tiempo, la AAT se acumula en el hígado y causa daño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con deficiencia de AAT no presentan ningún síntoma. Para quienes sí los tienen, estos suelen aparecer en personas entre 20 y 50 años. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente después del ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; crónica con flema (mucosidad)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones respiratorias repetidas como resfriados y gripe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Latidos cardíacos más rápidos de lo normal cuando se pone de pie&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de la vista&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Perder peso sin intentarlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con deficiencia de AAT pueden tener daño hepático. Los signos de daño hepático incluyen ictericia (una afección que causa un color amarillento de los ojos y la pie) e hinchazón de piernas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En raras ocasiones, la deficiencia de AAT puede causar problemas en la piel, como bultos o parches dolorosos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la slaud puede realizarle una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alfa-1-antitripsina/"&gt;prueba de deficiencia de AAT&lt;/a&gt; si tiene:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas de deficiencia de AAT&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una afección que podría estar relacionada con la deficiencia de AAT&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Familiares que tienen deficiencia de AAT&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Familiares que tengan una enfermedad pulmonar o hepática que pueda estar relacionada con la deficiencia de AAT&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La deficiencia de AAT en bebés suele afectar al hígado. Es posible que su bebé necesite una prueba de AAT si tiene signos de enfermedad hepática, como ictericia o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/"&gt;pruebas de enzimas hepáticas&lt;/a&gt; anormales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un análisis de sangre puede verificar el nivel de proteína AAT en la sangre. Si el nivel es inferior a lo normal, es probable que tenga deficiencia de AAT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una prueba genética es la forma más segura de detectar la deficiencia de AAT y debe realizarse para confirmar los resultados del análisis de sangre. Hay dos tipos de pruebas genéticas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una prueba de genotipo busca los tipos más comunes de cambios genéticos que pueden causar la deficiencia de AAT&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una prueba de fenotipo busca cambios en la proteína AAT que cambien la forma en que funcionaría normalmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si sus pulmones están afectados, es posible que también le hagan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; para ver qué tan bien están trabajando sus pulmones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para la deficiencia de AAT, pero existen tratamientos para ayudar con los síntomas y detener el daño pulmonar que causa. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos inhalados para ayudarle a respirar mejor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Terapia de oxigeno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia de aumento: Tratamiento de por vida. Aumenta los niveles de proteína AAT en los pulmones, utilizando la proteína ATT extraída de la sangre de donantes. Ayuda a frenar el daño pulmonar. No puede prevenir el daño hepático&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía de pulmón o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de pulmón&lt;/a&gt; (si sus pulmones están gravemente dañados)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html"&gt;Trasplante de hígado&lt;/a&gt; (si su hígado está gravemente dañado)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a prevenir o retrasar el daño pulmonar, es importante &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; (si fuma) y evitar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;, el polvo y la contaminación del aire. Pregúntele a su profesional de la salud si necesita dejar de beber alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html" id="1692" language="English">Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Alfa-1 antitripsina, Deficiencia de</see-reference>
<site title="Deficiencia de alfa 1 antitripsina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000120.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Alpha%201%20Antitripsin%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Alpha%201%20Antitripsin.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/deficiencia-de-alfa-1-antitripsina" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003715.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alfa-1-antitripsina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-1-antitrypsin-testing/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La deficiencia de vitamina D significa que usted no está recibiendo suficiente vitamina D para mantenerse saludable. Entérese de causas, tratamientos y más." title="Deficiencia de vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html" id="6449" language="Spanish" date-created="03/07/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la deficiencia de vitamina D?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La deficiencia de vitamina D significa que su cuerpo no está recibiendo suficiente vitamina D para mantenerse saludable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué necesito vitamina D y cómo la consigo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; ayuda al cuerpo a absorber el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt;. El calcio es uno de los principales componentes de los huesos. La vitamina D también juega un rol en su sistema nervioso, muscular e inmunitario.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede obtener vitamina D de tres maneras: A través de su piel, su dieta y suplementos. Su cuerpo produce vitamina D naturalmente después de exponerse a la luz del sol. Pero demasiada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;exposición al sol&lt;/a&gt; puede ocasionar envejecimiento de la piel y cáncer de piel, por lo que muchas personas buscan obtener su vitamina D de otras fuentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánta vitamina D necesito?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cantidad de vitamina D que necesita cada día depende de su edad. Las cantidades recomendadas, en unidades internacionales (UI), son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nacimiento hasta 12 meses: 400 UI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños entre uno y 13 años: 600 UI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años: 600 UI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 19 a 70 años: 600 UI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores de 71 años: 800 UI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres embarazadas y lactando: 600 UI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con alto riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D pueden necesitar más. Consulte a con su profesional de la salud sobre cuánto necesita.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la deficiencia de vitamina D?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ser que usted no tenga suficiente vitamina D por diferentes razones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No recibe suficiente vitamina D en su dieta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No absorbe suficiente vitamina D de los alimentos (un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html"&gt;problema de malabsorción&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No recibe suficiente exposición a la luz solar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su hígado o sus riñones no pueden convertir la vitamina D en su forma activa en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma medicamentos que interfieren con la capacidad del cuerpo para convertir o absorber vitamina D&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de carencia de vitamina D?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas corren un mayor riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bebés amamantando, porque la leche humana no es una buena fuente de vitamina D. Si está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;amamantando&lt;/a&gt;, dele a su bebé un suplemento de 400 UI de vitamina D todos los días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores, porque su piel no produce vitamina D cuando toman sol tan eficientemente como cuando eran jóvenes, y sus riñones son menos capaces de convertir la vitamina D a su forma activa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas de piel oscura porque tienen menos capacidad de producir vitamina D del sol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con afecciones que dificultan la absorción de nutrientes de los alimentos, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerosa&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad celíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; porque su grasa corporal se une a un poco de vitamina D y le impide entrar en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que se han sometido a una cirugía de derivación gástrica, un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;operación para bajar de peso&lt;/a&gt; que crea una vía directa hacia el intestino delgado. Dado que la vitamina D se absorbe allí, la derivación hace que sea más difícil absorber suficiente vitamina D&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hepática crónica&lt;/a&gt;, lo que puede afectar su capacidad para convertir la vitamina D en una forma que el cuerpo pueda usar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que toman medicamentos que afectan los niveles de vitamina D, incluyendo ciertos medicamentos para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, anticonvulsivos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; y para bajar de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hable con su profesional de la salud si está en riesgo de padecer deficiencia de vitamina D. Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; puede medir la cantidad de vitamina D en su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas causa la deficiencia de vitamina D?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La carencia de vitamina D puede conducir a una pérdida de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt; densidad ósea&lt;/a&gt;, lo que puede llevar a sufrir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La deficiencia grave de vitamina D también puede causar otras enfermedades:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En niños, puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html"&gt;raquitismo&lt;/a&gt;. El raquitismo es una enfermedad rara que hace que los huesos se ablanden y se doblen. Los bebés y niños afrodescendientes tienen un mayor riesgo de tener raquitismo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;En adultos, la deficiencia grave de vitamina D provoca osteomalacia. La osteomalacia causa huesos débiles, dolor óseo y debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo obtener más vitamina D?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay algunos alimentos que naturalmente tienen algo de vitamina D:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pescados grasos como el salmón, el atún y la caballa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hígado de res&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Queso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hongos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Yema de huevo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede obtener vitamina D de alimentos fortificados. Puede buscar en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html"&gt;etiquetas de los alimentos&lt;/a&gt; para saber si un alimento tiene vitamina D. Los alimentos a los que a menudo se le añaden vitamina D incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cereales de desayuno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jugo de naranja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otros productos lácteos, como el yogur&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bebidas de soja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vitamina D está en muchos multivitamínicos. También hay suplementos de vitamina D, tanto en pastillas como en líquido para bebés.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene deficiencia de vitamina D, se trata con suplementos. Consulte con su proveedor de atención médica sobre cuánto necesita tomar, la frecuencia con la que debe tomarlos y por cuánto tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Puede demasiada vitamina D ser dañina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obtener demasiada vitamina D (conocida como toxicidad por vitamina D) puede ser perjudicial. Los signos de toxicidad incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;, falta de apetito, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;, debilidad y pérdida de peso.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Niveles muy altos de vitamina D pueden dañar los riñones. También eleva el nivel de calcio en la sangre. Los altos niveles de calcio en la sangre (hipercalcemia) pueden causar confusión, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;latidos cardíacos irregulares&lt;/a&gt; (arritmia).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los casos de toxicidad por vitamina D ocurren cuando una persona abusa de los suplementos de vitamina D. No se puede obtener un exceso de vitamina D de la exposición al sol porque su piel limita la cantidad de vitamina D que produce.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html" id="6448" language="English">Vitamin D Deficiency</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Vitamina D, Deficiencia de</see-reference>
<site title="Deficiencia de la vitamina D y el raquitismo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/nutrition/Paginas/Vitamin-D-Deficiency-and-Rickets.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de 25-hidroxi vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003569.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomalacia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000376.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La degeneración macular relacionada con la edad afecta la mácula. Causa pérdida de la visión. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamientos aquí" title="Degeneración macular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html" id="2018" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Degeneración de la mácula</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La degeneración macular o la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad (AMD, por sus siglas en inglés) es la principal causa de pérdida de visión en los estadounidenses mayores de 60 años. Es una enfermedad que destruye la agudeza de la visión central. La vista central es necesaria para ver los objetos con claridad y hacer actividades como leer o conducir vehículos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad afecta la mácula, que es la parte del ojo que permite ver los detalles con claridad. No duele, pero provoca la muerte de las células de la mácula. Existen dos tipos: La húmeda y la seca. La húmeda ocurre cuando vasos sanguíneos anormales crecen bajo la mácula. Estos nuevos vasos frecuentemente gotean sangre y líquido. El daño a la mácula ocurre rápidamente. Uno de los primeros síntomas es una visión borrosa. La seca, ocurre cuando las células de la mácula sensibles a la luz se deterioran. Lentamente, se pierde la visión central. Uno de los primeros síntomas es ver torcidas las líneas rectas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los exámenes oculares integrales regulares pueden detectar una degeneración macular antes de que la enfermedad cause una pérdida de la vista. El tratamiento puede hacer más lento el avance del deterioro de la vista, sin embargo no recupera la visión. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html" id="313" language="English">Macular Degeneration</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<site title="Angiografía con fluoresceína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003846.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración macular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000085.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración macular asociada con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001000.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración macular húmeda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wet-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20351107?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wet-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20351107?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración macular relacionada con la edad" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/degeneracion-macular-relacionada-con-la-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración macular seca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dry-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20350375?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20350375?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración macular: Factores de riesgo y prevención" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/macular/factores-de-riesgo-y-prevencion" language-mapped-url="https://www.brightfocus.org/macular/article/prevention-age-related-macular">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Bright Focus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y nutrición" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/dieta-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con lámpara de hendidura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes caseros de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección intravítrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007629.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/dmre-degeneracion-macular-relacionada-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/amd-macular-degeneration">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Neurodegenerative (degenerative nerve) diseases are disorders that destroy motor neurons. Parkinson's is an examples. See a list of all the diseases." title="Degenerative Nerve Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619" language="English" date-created="01/05/2000">
<also-called>Neurodegenerative diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Degenerative nerve diseases affect many of your body's activities, such as balance, movement, talking, breathing, and heart function.   Many of these diseases are genetic. Sometimes the cause is a medical condition such as alcoholism, a tumor, or a stroke. Other causes may include toxins, chemicals, and viruses.  Sometimes the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Degenerative nerve diseases include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/friedreichataxia.html"&gt;Friedreich ataxia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;Huntington's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html"&gt;Lewy body disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html"&gt;Spinal muscular atrophy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Degenerative nerve diseases can be serious or life-threatening. It depends on the type. Most of them have no cure. Treatments may help improve symptoms, relieve pain, and increase mobility.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845" language="Spanish">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019636">Neurodegenerative Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22">Alzheimer's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="135">Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html" id="174">Brain Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5919">Cerebellar Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1242">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/friedreichataxia.html" id="4359">Friedreich Ataxia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3117">Genetic Brain Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html" id="83">Multiple Sclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="85">Parkinson's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="365">Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rettsyndrome.html" id="4272">Rett Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ataxia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Neurodegenerative Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prion Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="4 Discoveries Beyond the Brain" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-discoveries-beyond-the-brain" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/4-descubrimientos-mas-alla-del-cerebro">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpers-huttenlocher-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-methylacyl-coa-racemase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Andermann syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/andermann-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia neuropathy spectrum: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-neuropathy-spectrum">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-cerebellar-ataxia-deafness-and-narcolepsy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal (COFS) Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebro-oculo-fascio-skeletal-cofs-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ataxia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ataxia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neurodegenerative Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neurodegenerative+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prion Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prion+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN1 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln1-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN10 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln10-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN2 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln2-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN3 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln3-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN5 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln5-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN6 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln6-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN7 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln7-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLN8 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln8-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-insensitivity-to-pain-with-anhidrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corticobasal Degeneration" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/corticobasal-degeneration">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="EMG (Electromyogram) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emg.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial dysautonomia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001387.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-encephalopathy-with-neuroserpin-inclusion-bodies">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fatty-acid-hydroxylase-associated-neurodegeneration">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/gerstmann-straussler-scheinker-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gm2-activator-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IE: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-sensory-and-autonomic-neuropathy-type-ie">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Dehydration means your body doesn't have enough fluid. Learn about the signs and symptoms of dehydration, and what to do about it." title="Dehydration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html" id="6051" language="English" date-created="10/01/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is dehydration?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Dehydration is a condition caused by the loss of too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;fluid from the body&lt;/a&gt;.  It happens when you are losing more fluids than you are taking in, and your body does not have enough fluids to work properly.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes dehydration?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can become dehydrated because of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html"&gt;Sweating&lt;/a&gt; too much&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urinating too much, which can happen because of certain medicines and illnesses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not drinking enough water or other fluids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop dehydration?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain people are more likely to develop dehydration:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older adults. Some people lose their sense of thirst as they age, so they don't drink enough fluids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infants and young children, who are more likely to have diarrhea or vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with chronic illnesses that cause them to urinate or sweat more often, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;cystic fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;People who take medicines that cause them to urinate or sweat more&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who exercise or work outdoors during hot weather&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of dehydration?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In adults&lt;/strong&gt;, the symptoms of dehydration include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling very thirsty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;Dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urinating and sweating less than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark-colored urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling tired&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In infants and young children&lt;/strong&gt;, the symptoms of dehydration include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry mouth and tongue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crying without tears&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No wet diapers for 3 hours or more&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A high fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being unusually sleepy or drowsy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eyes that look sunken&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dehydration can be mild, or it can be severe enough to be life-threatening. Get medical help right away if the symptoms also include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;Fainting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of urination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html"&gt;Shock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is dehydration diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you dehydration, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html"&gt;vital signs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider may also order tests, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests to check your electrolyte levels, especially &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;potassium&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt;. Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They have many important jobs, including helping to keep a balance of fluids in your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests to check your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;kidney function&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urine tests to check for dehydration and its cause.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for dehydration?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for dehydration is to replace the fluids and electrolytes that you have lost. For mild cases, you may just need to drink lots of water. If you lost electrolytes, sports drinks may help. There are also oral rehydration solutions for children. You can buy those without a prescription.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Severe cases may be treated with intravenous (IV) fluids with salt in a hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can dehydration be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The key to preventing dehydration is making sure that you get enough fluids:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink enough water every day. Each person's needs can be different, so ask your health care provider how much you should be drinking each day.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Avoid drinks that have sugar and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink extra fluids when the weather is hot, especially if you are exercising or working outside. If you are losing a lot of minerals in sweat, sports drinks can help you. But some sports drinks have lots of sugar, so be careful not to drink too much of them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get extra fluids when you are sick. If you are having trouble keeping liquids down, you can try taking small sips of water or sucking on ice chips.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html" id="6052" language="Spanish">Deshidratación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003681">Dehydration</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211">Diarrhea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4224">Fluid and Electrolyte Balance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html" id="280">Heat Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="489">Nausea and Vomiting</related-topic>
<see-reference>Thirst</see-reference>
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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<site title="Dehydration" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dehydration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000982.htm">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drinks to Prevent Dehydration When Your Child is Vomiting" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Drinks-to-Prevent-Dehydration-in-a-Vomiting-Child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/drinks-to-prevent-dehydration-in-a-vomiting-child.aspx">
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<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
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</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sports Dehydration Safety Tips" url="https://www.safekids.org/sites/default/files/documents/sports/DEHYDRATION%20SAFETY%20TIP%20SHEET%202013.pdf">
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<site title="Thirst - absent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003086.htm">
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dejar de fumar es beneficioso para su salud.Las enfermedades por tabaquismo son la causa de muerte prevenible más común. Entérese de cómo dejar de fumar aquí" title="Dejar de fumar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html" id="2158" language="Spanish" date-created="03/02/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El consumo del tabaco es la principal causa de muerte prevenible. Cerca de la mitad de las personas que no dejan de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt; morirá a causa del cigarrillo o problemas relacionados. Dejar de fumar es importante para su salud. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Poco después de dejar de fumar, la circulación comienza a mejorar y la presión arterial empieza a retroceder a su estado normal. Su sentido del olfato y del gusto vuelven y empieza a respirar con mayor facilidad. A largo plazo, dejar el tabaco puede ayudarle a vivir más tiempo. Su riesgo de padecer cáncer disminuye cada año que transcurre sin fumar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dejarlo no es fácil. Es posible que tenga efectos a corto plazo, como subir de peso, irritabilidad y ansiedad. Algunas personas lo intentan varias veces antes de lograrlo. Existen muchas maneras para dejar de fumar. Algunas personas lo dejan de un momento a otro. Otros aprovechan los beneficios de los manuales paso a paso, la orientación o los medicamentos o productos que ayudan a disminuir la adicción a la nicotina. Algunas personas piensan que el cambio a los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html"&gt;cigarrillos electrónicos&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar a dejar de fumar, pero no ha sido comprobado. Su proveedor de salud puede prestarle ayuda para encontrar la mejor manera de dejar de fumar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html" id="1359" language="English">Quitting Smoking</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html" id="2156">Fumar</related-topic>
<site title="Abandono del tabaquismo en alcohólicos en recuperación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-abandonar-el-habito-de-fumar-en-el-caso-de-personas-alcoholicas-en-recuperacion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/smoking-cessation-in-recovering-alcoholics/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de peso luego de dejar de fumar: qué hacer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios de dejar de fumar" url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/deje-de-fumar/los-beneficios-de-dejar-de-fumar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de cigarrillo: Riesgos para la salud y cómo dejar de fumar (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/dejar-fumar-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/quit-smoking-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo controlar los síntomas de abstinencia de nicotina al dejar de fumar" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-abstinencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/withdrawal-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo dejar de consumir tabaco" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco/guia-para-dejar-de-fumar.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo dejar de fumar: Qué hacer frente al deseo de fumar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000854.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo dejar de fumar: Qué hacer si tiene un desliz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000855.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seguir sin fumar" url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/deje-de-fumar/como-seguir-sin-fumar" language-mapped-url="https://smokefree.gov/staying-smokefree">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deja de fumar" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/diabetes/deja-fumar" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/diabetes/quit-smoking">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dejar de fumar para adultos mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/fumar/dejar-fumar-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/smoking/quitting-smoking-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En dónde obtener ayuda si usted decide dejar de fumar" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-ayuda-dejar-fumar" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/help-quitting-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y fumar" url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/retos-cuando-deja-fumar/el-estres-fumar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con un experto" url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/consejos-herramientas/hablar-con-un-experto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para dejar el tabaquismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007439.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Motivos para dejar de fumar" url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/deje-de-fumar/motivos-para-dejar-de-fumar" language-mapped-url="https://smokefree.gov/reasons-to-quit">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Métodos para dejar el tabaco sin el uso de medicamentos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco/guia-para-dejar-de-fumar/otros-metodos-para-dejar-de-fumar.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nicotina y el tabaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000953.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000953.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parche de nicotina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/parche-de-nicotina/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perjuicios por fumar cigarrillos y beneficios para la salud al dejar el hábito" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-dejar-de-fumar" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cessation-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prepárese para dejar de fumar" url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/deje-de-fumar/preparese-para-dejar-de-fumar" language-mapped-url="https://smokefree.gov/build-your-quit-plan">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Productos de tabaco mentolados" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/es/menthol-tobacco/productos-de-tabaco-mentolados.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/menthol-tobacco/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programas de apoyo para dejar de fumar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007440.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo: Consejos sobre cómo dejar de fumar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001992.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001992.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de reemplazo de nicotina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007438.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del tratamiento de reemplazo de nicotina" url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/deje-de-fumar/uso-del-tratamiento-de-reemplazo-de-nicotina">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usted puede dejar de fumar" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/tearsheets/prenatalsp.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Rompa con el hábito de fumar!" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/resources/heart/hispanic-health-manual/spanish/session-10/10rompa.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo dejar de fumar?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/quit-smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/quit-smoking.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Quieres dejar de fumar? Los productos para dejar de fumar aprobados y autorizados por la FDA pueden ayudarte" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/quieres-dejar-de-fumar-los-productos-para-dejar-de-fumar-aprobados-y-autorizados-por-la-fda-pueden" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/want-quit-smoking-fda-approved-and-fda-cleared-cessation-products-can-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Delirio es un estado mental en el que usted está confundido, desorientado y no puede pensar o recordar claramente. Frecuentemente es temporal y puede tratarse." title="Delirio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html" id="5563" language="Spanish" date-created="07/06/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el delirio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El delirio es un estado mental que causa confusión, desorientación y no poder pensar o recordar con claridad. Suele comenzar de repente. A menudo es temporal y tratable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos de delirio:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hipoactivo: En el cual usted no está activo y parece somnoliento, cansado o deprimido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hiperactivo: En el cual usted está inquieto o agitado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mixto: En el cual usted pasa de un estado a otro, entre hipoactivo e hiperactivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el delirio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos problemas diferentes que pueden causar delirio. Algunas de las causas más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;Cáncer&lt;/a&gt; avanzado&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alcohol o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, ya sea por intoxicación o abstinencia: Esto incluye un tipo grave de síndrome de abstinencia de alcohol llamado delirium tremens. Por lo general, ocurre en personas que dejan de beber después de años de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;Deshidratación&lt;/a&gt; y&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt; desequilibrios electrolíticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;Demencia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hospitalización&lt;/strong&gt;: Especialmente en cuidados intensivos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infecciones&lt;/strong&gt;: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infecciones del tracto urinario&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto podría ser un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efecto secundario&lt;/a&gt; de un medicamento, como sedantes u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioides&lt;/a&gt;, o podría ser por abstinencia después de suspender un medicamento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos metabólicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Insuficiencia orgánica&lt;/strong&gt;, como insuficiencia &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;renal&lt;/a&gt; o hepática&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html"&gt;Envenenamiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedades graves&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;Dolor&lt;/a&gt; severo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Privación del sueño&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugías&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyendo reacciones a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html"&gt;anestesia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene una mayor probabilidad de tener delirio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores pueden ponerle en riesgo de delirio, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar en un hospital o residencia para adultos mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener demencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener una enfermedad grave o más de una enfermedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener una infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener edad avanzada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener una cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar medicamentos que afectan la mente o el comportamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar altas dosis de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; como opioides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del delirio?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los síntomas del delirio comienzan de repente, en unas pocas horas o pocos días. A menudo van y vienen. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estado de alerta (comúnmente más alerta en la mañana, menos en la noche)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en los niveles de conciencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamiento desorganizado (hablar de una manera que no tiene sentido)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Patrones de sueño interrumpidos, somnolencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios emocionales como ira, agitación, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, irritabilidad, sobreexcitación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alucinaciones y delirios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Incontinencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de memoria, en especial con la memoria a corto plazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para concentrarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el delirio?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico utilizando:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Exámenes físicos y neurológicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de estado mental, que detectan problemas con su pensamiento y estado de alerta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de laboratorio y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El delirio y la demencia tienen síntomas similares, por lo que puede ser difícil distinguirlos. También puede tener ambos al mismo tiempo. Las diferencias entre ellos son que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;El delirio&lt;/strong&gt; comienza repentinamente y puede causar alucinaciones. Es principalmente un problema de atención y de mantenerse alerta. Los síntomas pueden mejorar o empeorar y pueden durar horas o semanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La demencia&lt;/strong&gt; se desarrolla lentamente y no causa alucinaciones. Suele comenzar con pérdida de memoria. Los síntomas no cambian con frecuencia, como ocurre con el delirio. La demencia casi nunca mejora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el delirio?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento del delirio se centra en las causas y síntomas del delirio. El primer paso es identificar la causa. A menudo, tratar la causa puede llevar a una recuperación completa. La recuperación puede tomar algún tiempo, semanas o incluso meses. Mientras tanto, pueden haber tratamientos que ayuden a controlar los síntomas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlar el ambiente, lo que incluye asegurarse de que la habitación esté tranquila y bien iluminada, que tenga relojes o calendarios a la vista y que haya miembros de la familia cerca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos, incluyendo los que controlan la agresión o la agitación y analgésicos si hay dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si es necesario, asegúrese de que la persona tenga audífonos, anteojos u otros dispositivos para comunicarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el delirio?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de las afecciones que pueden causar delirio puede reducir el riesgo de tenerlo. Los hospitales pueden ayudar a reducir el riesgo de delirio al evitar los sedantes y asegurarse de que la habitación del hospital se mantenga tranquila y bien iluminada. También puede ayudar tener miembros de la familia cerca y que los mismos miembros del personal traten cada día a la persona (de ser posible).&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html" id="5562" language="English">Delirium</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Consejos para el manejo de delirio en adultos mayores" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/sites/default/files/media/pdf/HIA-TipSheet%20ManagingDelirium_spanish19.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthinaging.org/sites/default/files/media/pdf/HIA-TipSheet%20ManagingDeliriumJuly19.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>SAG Fundación para la Salud en Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delirio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000740.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000740.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/delirio" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/delirium">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delirio" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/delirio-y-demencia/delirio" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/delirium-and-dementia/delirium">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirium tremens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000766.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000766.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Delirium is a mental state in which you are confused, disoriented, and not able to think or remember clearly. It is often temporary and treatable." title="Delirium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html" id="5562" language="English" date-created="07/06/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is delirium?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Delirium is a mental state in which you are confused, disoriented, and not able to think or remember clearly. It usually starts suddenly. It is often temporary and treatable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of delirium:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hypoactive, when you are not active and seem sleepy, tired, or depressed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hyperactive, when you are restless or agitated&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mixed, when you change back and forth between being hypoactive and hyperactive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes delirium?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different problems that can cause delirium. Some of the more common causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advanced &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alcohol or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, either from intoxication or withdrawal. This includes a serious type of alcohol withdrawal syndrome called delirium tremens. It usually happens to people who stop drinking after years of &lt;a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120"&gt;alcohol use disorder (AUD)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;Dehydration&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;electrolyte imbalances&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;Dementia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hospitalization&lt;/strong&gt;, especially in intensive care.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infections&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; This could be a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effect&lt;/a&gt; of a medicine, such as sedatives or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioids&lt;/a&gt;. Or it could be from withdrawal after stopping a medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;Metabolic disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Organ failure&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; or liver failure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html"&gt;Poisoning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Serious illnesses&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sleep deprivation&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgeries&lt;/strong&gt;, including reactions to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html"&gt;anesthesia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get delirium?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors put you at risk for delirium, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being in a hospital or nursing home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having dementia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a serious illness or more than one illness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having an infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking medicines that affect the mind or behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking high doses of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain medicines&lt;/a&gt;, such as opioids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of delirium?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of delirium usually start suddenly, over a few hours or a few days. They often come and go. The most common symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in alertness (usually more alert in the morning, less at night)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing levels of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disorganized thinking, talking in a way that doesn't make sense&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disrupted sleep patterns, sleepiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Emotional changes: anger, agitation, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, irritability, overexcitement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hallucinations and delusions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Memory problems, especially with short-term memory&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble concentrating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is delirium diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical and neurological exams&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mental status testing, which checks for problems with your thinking and alertness &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lab and  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnostic imaging&lt;/a&gt; tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Delirium and dementia have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. You can also have both at the same time. The differences between them are that:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delirium&lt;/strong&gt; starts suddenly and can cause hallucinations. It is mainly a problem with attention and staying alert. The symptoms may get better or worse and can last for hours or weeks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dementia&lt;/strong&gt; develops slowly and does not cause hallucinations. It usually starts with memory loss. The symptoms don't change often, like they can with delirium. Dementia almost never gets better.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for delirium?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment of delirium focuses on the causes and symptoms of delirium. The first step is to identify the cause. Often, treating the cause will lead to a full recovery. The recovery may take some time - weeks or sometimes even months. In the meantime, there may be treatments to manage the symptoms, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlling the environment, which includes making sure that the room is quiet and well-lit, having clocks or calendars in view, and having family members around&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, including those that control aggression or agitation and pain relievers if there is pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If needed, making sure that the person has a hearing aid, glasses, or other devices for communication&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can delirium be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treating the conditions that can cause delirium may reduce the risk of getting it. Hospitals can help lower the risk of delirium by avoiding sedatives and making sure that hospital rooms are kept quiet, calm, and well-lit. It can also help to have family members around and to have the same staff members treat the person each day (if possible).&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html" id="5563" language="Spanish">Delirio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003693">Delirium</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Delirium" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Delirium%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delirium" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/delirium-and-dementia/delirium" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/delirio-y-demencia/delirio">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirium" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/delirium">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000740.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000740.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirium tremens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000766.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000766.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirium: Cancer Treatment Side Effect" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/delirium" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/delirio">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Delirium in Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/sites/default/files/media/pdf/HIA-TipSheet%20ManagingDeliriumJuly19.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthinaging.org/sites/default/files/media/pdf/HIA-TipSheet%20ManagingDelirium_spanish19.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delirium" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Delirium%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What to Ask: Delirium" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/what-ask-delirium">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas con demencia tienen problemas con una o más funciones del cerebro como la memoria y el lenguaje. El Alzheimer es la forma más común." title="Demencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html" id="1846" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Demencia senil</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome cerebral orgánico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la demencia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La demencia es una pérdida de las funciones mentales lo suficientemente graves como para afectar sus actividades y su vida diaria. Estas funciones incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La memoria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Habilidades del lenguaje&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Percepción visual (su capacidad de entender lo que ve)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solución de problemas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas con el quehacer diario&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La habilidad de enfocarse y prestar atención&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es normal ser un poco más olvidadizo a medida que envejece. Pero la demencia no es una parte normal del envejecimiento. Es un trastorno serio que interfiere con su vida diaria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de demencia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tipos más comunes de demencia son llamados enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En estas afecciones las células del cerebro dejan de funcionar o mueren. Estas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;: La forma más común de demencia entre personas mayores. Esta afección causa placa y ovillos en el cerebro provocados por el crecimiento anormal de diferentes proteínas. La proteína beta-amiloide se acumula y forma placa entre sus células cerebrales. También hay una pérdida de conexión entre las células nerviosas del cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html"&gt;Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy&lt;/a&gt;: Causa síntomas de movimiento junto con demencia. Los cuerpos de Lewy son depósitos anormales de una proteína en el cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos frontotemporales: Causan cambios en ciertas partes del cerebro:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los cambios en el lóbulo frontal conducen a síntomas del comportamiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los cambios en el lóbulo temporal conducen a trastornos del lenguaje y emocionales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Demencia vascular: Causa cambios en el flujo de sangre del cerebro. A menudo es causado por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt; (endurecimiento de las arterias) en el cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Demencia mixta: Es una combinación de dos o más tipos de demencia. Por ejemplo, algunas personas tienen enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia vascular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Otras afecciones que pueden causar demencia o síntomas parecidos a la demencia son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob&lt;/a&gt;: Trastorno cerebral poco frecuente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Huntington&lt;/a&gt;: Enfermedad cerebral progresiva y hereditaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Encefalopatía traumática crónica: Causada por constantes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;lesiones cerebrales traumáticas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Demencia asociada al VIH &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de demencia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de demencia, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Envejecimiento: Este es el mayor factor de riesgo de demencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; sin controlar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beber demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener familiares cercanos con demencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la demencia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la demencia pueden variar, dependiendo de las áreas del cerebro afectadas. A menudo, experimentar olvidos frecuentes es el primer síntoma.  La demencia también provoca problemas con la capacidad de pensar, resolver problemas y el razonamiento. Por ejemplo, las personas con demencia pueden:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Perderse en un vecindario que conocen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar palabras poco comunes para referirse a objetos conocidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Olvidar el nombre de algún familiar o amigo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Olvidar los viejos recuerdos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Necesitar ayuda para realizar tareas que solían hacer solos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con demencia no son capaces de controlar sus emociones y su personalidad puede cambiar. Pueden volverse apáticos, es decir, pueden no tener el mismo interés en actividades normales diarias o eventos. También pueden perder ciertas inhibiciones o despreocuparse del sentimiento de los demás.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos tipos de demencia también pueden causar problemas con el equilibrio o movimiento. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las etapas de la demencia varían de leves a severa. En la más leve, está comenzando a afectar el funcionamiento de la persona. En la más grave, la persona depende completamente de los demás para su atención.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la demencia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas para evaluar su habilidad de pensamiento, memoria y lenguaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otros exámenes, como pruebas de sangre, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;análisis genéticos&lt;/a&gt; y escáners cerebrales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/"&gt;evaluación de salud mental&lt;/a&gt; para ver si una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;enfermedad mental&lt;/a&gt; puede estar causando sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la demencia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para la mayoría de los tipos de demencia, incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a mantener la función mental por más tiempo, controlar los síntomas de conducta y retardar los síntomas de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; pueden mejorar temporalmente la memoria y el pensamiento o hacer más lento su declive. Solo funcionan en algunas personas. Otros medicamentos pueden tratar síntomas como ansiedad, depresión, problemas para dormir y rigidez muscular. Algunos de estos medicamentos pueden causar efectos secundarios serios en las personas con demencia. Es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre qué medicamentos son seguros para usted&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia ocupacional&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar a encontrar maneras de hacer más fácilmente las tareas diarias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia del habla&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar con los problemas para tragar y para hablar fuerte y claro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consejería sobre salud mental&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar a las personas con demencia y sus familias a aprender cómo manejar las emociones y conductas difíciles. También puede ayudarles a planear para el futuro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Música o terapia de arte&lt;/strong&gt; para reducir la ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la demencia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no han encontrado una forma comprobada de prevenir la demencia. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html"&gt;Vivir saludablemente&lt;/a&gt; puede influir en algunos factores de riesgo de la demencia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" id="205" language="English">Dementia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html" id="5563">Delirio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html" id="4071">Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5742">Deterioro cognitivo leve</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html" id="1736">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html" id="2029">Memoria</related-topic>
<see-reference>Senilidad</see-reference>
<site title="Apoyo nutricional para personas moribundas o con demencia grave" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/apoyo-nutricional-para-personas-moribundas-o-con-demencia-grave" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/nutritional-support-for-people-who-are-dying-or-have-severe-dementia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para las personas con demencia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/consejos-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/tips-dementia">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para los cuidadores y las familias de personas con demencia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/consejos-cuidadores" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/tips-caregivers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la demencia en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los adultos con trastornos cognitivos y de la memoria" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-de-los-adultos-con-trastornos-cognitivos-y-de-la-memoria-caring-adults-cognitive/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados al final de la vida para personas con demencia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/cuidados-al-final-vida-personas-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/end-life-care-people-dementia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados diarios para la demencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000030.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar servicios locales de cuidados y de otros tipos para la demencia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/servicios-locales" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/find-local-services">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reducir su riesgo de demencia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/reduzca-riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/can-i-prevent-dementia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000739.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/demencia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/dementia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia de origen metabólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000683.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia frontotemporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000744.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia frontotemporal" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/demencia-frontotemporal" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/frontotemporal-dementia-and-other-frontotemporal-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Demencia vascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000746.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia vascular" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/demencia-vascular" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vascular-dementia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Demencia y la conducción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000216.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencias: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/demencias-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/dementias-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Donación del cerebro: Un regalo para las generaciones futuras" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/donacion-cerebro/donacion-cerebro-regalo-generaciones-futuras" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-donation/brain-donation-gift-future-generations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre estudios clínicos" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/estudios-clinicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/volunteer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfrentando la demencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/enfrentando-la-demencia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento del cerebro para adultos mayores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/entrenamiento-del-cerebro-para-adultos-mayores/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/brain-training-for-seniors/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del estado mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falta de sueño en la mediana edad podría aumentar el riesgo de padecer demencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-falta-de-sueno-en-la-mediana-edad-podria-aumentar-el" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/06/lack-sleep-middle-age-may-increase-dementia-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Investigaciones sobre la enfermedad de Alzheimer y las demencias relacionadas" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/investigaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/research-activities">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse a salvo en el hogar en casos de demencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000031.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de cuidado" url="https://www.alz.org/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado/opciones-de-cuidado?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/national/documents/topicsheet_adultday.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planificación después de un diagnóstico de demencia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/planificacion-diagnostico-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/planning-after-diagnosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planificar el futuro después de un diagnóstico de demencia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/planificar-el-futuro-despues-de-un-diagnostico-de-demencia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de comportamiento y de sueño en casos de demencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000029.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas financieros pueden ser un signo de demencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-problemas-financieros-pueden-ser-un-signo-de-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/02/financial-problems-can-be-sign-dementia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recursos para cuidadores de personas con Alzheimer o alguna demencia relacionada" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/recursos-cuidadores" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/resources-caregivers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome orgánico cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001401.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome vespertino: Desorientación en las últimas horas de la tarde" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/faq-20058511?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/FAQ-20058511?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratar la pérdida auditiva para ayudar a la salud del cerebro" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tratar-la-perdida-auditiva-para-ayudar-a-la-salud-del" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/treating-hearing-loss-help-brain-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es una demencia? ¿Qué significa ese diagnóstico?" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/es-una-demencia-que-significa-ese-diagnostico/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content_node.jsp?nodeid=391">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la demencia frontotemporal?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/demencia-frontotemporal" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/frontotemporal-dementia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la demencia vascular?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/demencia-vascular" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/vascular-dementia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la demencia?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/que-es-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/what-is-dementia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los trastornos frontotemporales?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/que-son-los-trastornos-frontotemporales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/what-are-frontotemporal-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy es una de las causas más comunes de demencia. Entérese sobre los síntomas y cómo mejorarlos aquí" title="Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html" id="4071" language="Spanish" date-created="03/06/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy es una de las causas más comunes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt; en personas mayores. Demencia es la pérdida de funciones mentales lo suficientemente severa para afectar su vida diaria y sus actividades. Estas funciones incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Memoria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Habilidades del lenguaje&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Percepción visual (su habilidad de comprender lo que ve)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solución de problemas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tareas cotidianas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La habilidad de enfocarse y prestar atención&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy existen?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen dos tipos de esta demencia: Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson.
Ambos tipos causan los mismos cambios en el cerebro, y, con el tiempo, provocan los mismos síntomas. La principal diferencia es cuándo los síntomas cognitivos (del pensamiento) y del movimiento comienzan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy causa problemas con la habilidad de pensar similar a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt; . Posteriormente, causa otros problemas, como síntomas de movimiento, alucinaciones visuales y ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;problemas del sueño&lt;/a&gt;. También causa más problemas con las actividades mentales que con la memoria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson comienza como un trastorno del movimiento. Primero causa los síntomas de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;, movimientos lentos, rigidez muscular, temblor y caminar arrastrando los pies. Más adelante, causa demencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy ocurre cuando se acumulan cuerpos de Lewy en partes del cerebro que controlan la memoria, el pensamiento y el movimiento. Los cuerpos de Lewy son depósitos anormales de proteína llamada alfa-sinucleína. Los investigadores no saben exactamente por qué estos depósitos se forman. Pero saben que otras enfermedades, como el mal de Parkinson, también involucran la acumulación de esta proteína.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El mayor factor de riesgo de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy es la edad, la mayoría de las personas que la desarrolla es mayor de 50 años. Quienes tienen una historia familiar de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy también están en mayor riesgo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy es una enfermedad progresiva. Esto significa que los síntomas comienzan lentamente y empeoran con el tiempo. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen cambios en la cognición, el movimiento, el sueño y el comportamiento:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Demencia&lt;/strong&gt;: Pérdida de funciones mentales que es lo suficientemente grave como para afectar su vida diaria y sus actividades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en la concentración, atención, estado de alerta y vigilia&lt;/strong&gt;: Estos cambios suelen suceder de un día para otro. Pero a veces también pueden ocurrir a lo largo del mismo día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alucinaciones visuales&lt;/strong&gt;: Significa ver cosas que no existen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas con el movimiento y la postura&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyen lentitud de movimientos, dificultad para caminar y rigidez muscular. Estos se llaman síntomas motores de la enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno de conducta durante el sueño REM&lt;/strong&gt;: Es una condición en la cual una persona parece representar físicamente los sueños. Puede incluir sueños vívidos, hablar dormido, movimientos violentos o caerse de la cama. En algunas personas, puede ser el síntoma más temprano de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Puede aparecer varios años antes de cualquier otro síntoma de la enfermedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el comportamiento y el estado de ánimo&lt;/strong&gt;: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; y apatía (falta de interés en las actividades o eventos diarios normales)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En las primeras etapas de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy, los síntomas pueden ser leves y las personas pueden funcionar con bastante normalidad. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, las personas con la afección necesitan más ayuda debido a problemas de pensamiento y movimiento. En las últimas etapas de la enfermedad, a menudo no pueden cuidarse a sí mismos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad con cuerpos de Lewy?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba para diagnosticar la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Es importante ver a un médico con experiencia para obtener un diagnóstico, como por ejemplo un neurólogo. El especialista le realizará:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una historia clínica, incluyendo una lista detallada de sus síntomas. El médico hablará tanto con el paciente como con sus cuidadores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exámenes físicos y neurológicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exámenes para descartar otras afecciones que causen síntomas similares, como pruebas de sangre y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas neuropsicológicas para evaluar la memoria y otras funciones cognitivas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy puede ser difícil de diagnosticar porque el mal de Parkinson y la enfermedad de Alzheimer causan síntomas similares. Los científicos piensan que la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy puede estar relacionada a estas enfermedades, o que a veces pueden ocurrir juntas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También es importante saber qué tipo de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy tiene una persona, para que el médico pueda tratar los síntomas específicos. También ayuda al médico a determinar cómo la enfermedad afectará a la persona con el tiempo. El profesional de la salud hará el diagnóstico basado en cuándo ciertos síntomas comienzan:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si los problemas cognitivos comienzan dentro de un año de los problemas del movimiento, el diagnóstico es demencia con cuerpos de Lewy&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si los problemas cognitivos comienza más de un año después de los problemas del movimiento, el diagnóstico es demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; pueden ayudar con algunos de los síntomas cognitivos, de movimiento y psiquiátricos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;fisioterapia&lt;/strong&gt; puede ayudar con problemas de movimiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia ocupacional&lt;/strong&gt; puede ayudar a encontrar maneras de hacer más fácilmente las actividades diarias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia del habla&lt;/strong&gt; puede ayudar con los problemas para tragar y para hablar fuerte y claro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;consejería de salud mental&lt;/strong&gt; puede ayudar a personas con demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y sus familias para manejar los problemas emocionales y de conducta. También puede ayudar a planificar para el futuro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia musical o artística&lt;/strong&gt; puede reducir la ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los grupos de apoyo también pueden beneficiar a personas con demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y sus cuidadores. Pueden entregar apoyo emocional y social. También sirven como espacio para compartir sugerencias sobre cómo lidiar con los desafíos diarios de la afección.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html" id="4070" language="English">Lewy Body Dementia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="4 descubrimientos más allá del cerebro" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/4-descubrimientos-mas-alla-del-cerebro" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-discoveries-beyond-the-brain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/demencia-con-cuerpos-de-lewy" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lewy-body-dementia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lewy-body-dementia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lewy-body-dementia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352025?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lewy-body-dementia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352030?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencias: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/demencias-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/dementias-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es la enfermedad de Alzheimer o demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/alzheimer/la-enfermedad-de-alzheimer-y-la-demencia/es-la-enfermedad-de-alzheimer-o-demencia-con" language-mapped-url="https://www.brightfocus.org/alzheimers/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Bright Focus</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/demencia-cuerpos-lewy" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/lewy-body-dementia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People with dementia have serious problems with two or more brain functions, such as memory and language. Affects the ability to do normal activities." title="Dementia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" id="205" language="English" date-created="07/13/1999">
<also-called>Senility</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is dementia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Memory&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Language skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visual perception (your ability to make sense of what you see)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problem solving&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble with everyday tasks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The ability to focus and pay attention&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is normal to become a bit more forgetful as you age. But dementia is not a normal part of aging. It is a serious disorder which interferes with your daily life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of dementia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common types of dementia are known as neurodegenerative disorders. These are diseases in which the cells of the brain stop working or die. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;, which is the most common form of dementia among older people. People with Alzheimer's have plaques and tangles in their brain. These are abnormal buildups of different proteins. Beta-amyloid protein clumps up and forms plaques in between your brain cells. Tau protein builds up and forms tangles inside the nerve cells of your brain. There is also a loss of connection between nerve cells in the brain.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html"&gt;Lewy body dementia&lt;/a&gt;, which causes movement symptoms along with dementia. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein in the brain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frontotemporal disorders, which cause changes to certain parts of the brain:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Changes in the frontal lobe lead to behavioral symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Changes in the temporal lobe lead to language and emotional disorders&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vascular dementia, which involves changes to the brain's blood supply. It is often caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt; (hardening of the arteries) in the brain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mixed dementia, which is a combination of two or more types of dementia. For example, some people have both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other conditions can cause dementia or dementia-like symptoms, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html"&gt;Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease&lt;/a&gt;, a rare brain disorder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;Huntington's disease&lt;/a&gt;, an inherited, progressive brain disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repeated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatic brain injury&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HIV-associated dementia (HAD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for dementia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors can raise your risk for developing dementia, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aging. This is the biggest risk factor for dementia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uncontrolled &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having close family members who have dementia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of dementia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of dementia can vary, depending on which parts of the brain are affected. Often, forgetfulness is the first symptom.  Dementia also causes problems with the ability to think, problem solve, and reason. For example, people with dementia may:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get lost in a familiar neighborhood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use unusual words to refer to familiar objects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forget the name of a close family member or friend&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forget old memories&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Need help doing tasks that they used to do by themselves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Some people with dementia cannot control their emotions and their personalities may change. They may become apathetic, meaning that they are no longer interested in normal daily activities or events. They may lose their inhibitions and stop caring about other peoples' feelings.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain types of dementia can also cause problems with balance and movement.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The stages of dementia range from mild to severe. In the mildest stage, it is just beginning to affect a person's functioning. In the most severe stage, the person is completely dependent on others for care.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is dementia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tests of your thinking, memory, and language abilities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other tests, such as blood tests, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic tests&lt;/a&gt;, and brain scans&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/"&gt;mental health evaluation&lt;/a&gt; to see whether a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorder&lt;/a&gt; is contributing to your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for dementia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for most types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. Treatments may help to maintain mental function longer, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow down the symptoms of disease. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; may temporarily improve memory and thinking or slow down their decline. They only work in some people. Other medicines can treat symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and muscle stiffness. Some of these medicines can cause strong side effects in people with dementia. It is important to talk to your health care provider about which medicines will be safe for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Occupational therapy&lt;/strong&gt; to help find ways to more easily do everyday activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech therapy&lt;/strong&gt; to help with swallowing difficulties and trouble speaking loudly and clearly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mental health counseling&lt;/strong&gt; to help people with dementia and their families learn how to manage difficult emotions and behaviors. It can also help them plan for the future.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Music or art therapy&lt;/strong&gt; to reduce anxiety and improve well-being&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can dementia be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers have not found a proven way to prevent dementia. Living a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html"&gt;healthy lifestyle&lt;/a&gt; might influence some of your risk factors for dementia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html" id="1846" language="Spanish">Demencia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003704">Dementia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dementia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22">Alzheimer's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html" id="5562">Delirium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html" id="4070">Lewy Body Dementia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html" id="1452">Memory</related-topic>
<see-reference>Senility</see-reference>
<site title="7 Things To Know About Dietary Supplements for Cognitive Function, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-dietary-supplements-for-cognitive-function-dementia-and-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's: Glossary" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/care-options/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Donation: A Gift for Future Generations" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-donation/brain-donation-gift-future-generations" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/donacion-cerebro/donacion-cerebro-regalo-generaciones-futuras">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Health" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/brain_health">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Health" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain PET scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Training for Seniors" url="https://familydoctor.org/brain-training-for-seniors/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/entrenamiento-del-cerebro-para-adultos-mayores/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="CADASIL" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cadasil">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can I Prevent Dementia?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/can-i-prevent-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/reduzca-riesgo">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregivers of a Person with Alzheimer's Disease or a Related Dementia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/caregiving/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/aging/spanish/features/caregiving-alzheimer.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for a Person with a Frontotemporal Disorder" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/frontotemporal-disorders/providing-care-person-frontotemporal-disorder">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebral-autosomal-dominant-arteriopathy-with-subcortical-infarcts-and-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebral-autosomal-recessive-arteriopathy-with-subcortical-infarcts-and-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CHMP2B-related frontotemporal dementia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chmp2b-related-frontotemporal-dementia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dementia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dementia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening" url="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/dementia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/demencia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000739.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - behavior and sleep problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000029.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - daily care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000030.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - home care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - keeping safe in the home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000031.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000216.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia and driving" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia and Driving" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/dementia-driving/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia due to metabolic causes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000683.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia with Lewy bodies: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dementia-with-lewy-bodies">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dementia: Diagnosis and Tests" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/dementia">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementias" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dementias">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/alzheimers.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Clinical Trials" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/clinical-trials">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding Dementia Care and Local Services" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/find-local-services" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/servicios-locales">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frontotemporal dementia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000744.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frontotemporal Dementia and Other Frontotemporal Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/frontotemporal-dementia-and-other-frontotemporal-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/demencia-frontotemporal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/frontotemporal-dementia-with-parkinsonism-17">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GRN-related frontotemporal lobar degeneration: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/grn-related-frontotemporal-lobar-degeneration">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Rates of Dementia, Alzheimer's Observed Among Older People with Down Syndrome" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-rates-dementia-alzheimers-observed-among-older-people-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease and frontotemporal dementia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/inclusion-body-myopathy-with-early-onset-paget-disease-and-frontotemporal-dementia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Klüver-Bucy Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/kluver-bucy-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications for Memory, Cognition, and Dementia-Related Behaviors" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/treatments/medications-for-memory">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental status testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multi-Infarct Dementia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dementia-multi-infarct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-with-ragged-red-fibers">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurocognitive disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001401.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newly Diagnosed with FTD (Frontotemporal Degeneration)" url="https://www.theaftd.org/living-with-ftd/newly-diagnosed/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutritional Support for People Who Are Dying or Severely Demented" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/nutritional-support-for-people-who-are-dying-or-have-severe-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/apoyo-nutricional-para-personas-moribundas-o-con-demencia-grave">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson's Disease Dementia" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia/parkinson-s-disease-dementia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Participating in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Research" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/clinical-trials-and-studies/participating-alzheimers-disease-and-related-dementias-research">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Participating in the Arts Creates Paths to Healthy Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/participating-arts-creates-paths-healthy-aging">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planning after a Dementia Diagnosis" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/planning-after-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/planificacion-diagnostico-demencia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dementia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/research-activities" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/investigaciones">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resources for Caregivers of People with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/resources-caregivers" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/recursos-cuidadores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scam Susceptibility May Signal Risk for Cognitive Decline" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/scam-susceptibility-may-signal-risk-cognitive-decline">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sundowning: Late-Day Confusion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/FAQ-20058511?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/faq-20058511?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking a Person With Alzheimer's Disease to the Hospital" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/taking-person-alzheimers-disease-hospital">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Caregivers and Families of People with Dementia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/tips-caregivers" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/consejos-cuidadores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Living Alone with Early-Stage Dementia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia/tips-living-alone-early-stage-dementia">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for People with Dementia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/tips-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/consejos-demencia">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Hearing Loss to Help Brain Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/treating-hearing-loss-help-brain-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tratar-la-perdida-auditiva-para-ayudar-a-la-salud-del">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Dementia" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Memory Loss: What To Do When You Have Trouble Remembering" url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/understanding-memory-loss.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vascular Dementia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vascular-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/demencia-vascular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vascular dementia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000746.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Frontotemporal Disorders? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/frontotemporal-disorders/what-are-frontotemporal-disorders-causes-symptoms-and-treatment">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Frontotemporal Disorders? Dementias That Happen in Midlife" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/what-are-frontotemporal-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/que-son-los-trastornos-frontotemporales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Dementia?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/what-is-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/que-es-demencia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Dementia? Symptoms, Types, and Diagnosis" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia/what-dementia-symptoms-types-and-diagnosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Frontotemporal Dementia?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/frontotemporal-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/demencia-frontotemporal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Vascular Dementia?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/vascular-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/demencia-vascular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dengue is an infection caused by a virus. You can get it if an infected mosquito bites you. Learn more about risk and prevention." title="Dengue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html" id="3104" language="English" date-created="01/21/2003">
<also-called>Break-bone fever</also-called>
<also-called>Dengue fever</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dengue is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viral infection&lt;/a&gt;. It can be caused by four related viruses. You can get it if an infected &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito&lt;/a&gt; bites you. It is common in warm, wet areas of the world. Although rare, it can be found in some parts of the United States. Outbreaks are more common during rainy seasons.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;How does dengue spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dengue spreads to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. It does not spread directly from person to person. However, a pregnant person can pass the infection on to the baby. In rare cases, it can spread through a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood transfusion&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;, or needle stick injury (an accidental injury from a used needle)..&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of dengue and severe dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;About one in four people infected with dengue will get sick. For those who do get sick, the infection can be mild or severe. The symptoms of dengue include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A high &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;Rash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aches and pains (eye pain, usually behind the eyes, and pain in the muscles, joints, or bones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms usually last two to seven days.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Severe dengue is a serious form of the illness. About 1 in 20 people who get sick with dengue will develop severe dengue. It can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt;, internal bleeding, and even death. People are more likely to develop severe dengue if they have had dengue before, are pregnant, or are infants.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Watch for signs and symptoms of severe dengue. Warning signs usually begin about 24 - 48 hours after your fever has gone away. If you or your family member have these signs, get immediate medical care:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt; and tenderness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting at least 3 times in 24 hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding from the nose or gums&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting blood, or blood in the stool (poop)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling tired, restless, or irritable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is dengue diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dengue-fever-test/"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; which can show if you have been infected with dengue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific medicine to treat dengue. Most people will get better after about a week. But if you think you might have dengue:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See a health care provider and mention any recent travel.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rest as much as possible.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take acetaminophen to control fever and relieve pain. But do &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; take aspirin or ibuprofen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink plenty of fluids to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Severe dengue often requires care at a hospital.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Can dengue be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In the United States, a dengue vaccine is approved for children who are ages 9 - 16. They must also have previously had dengue and live in areas where dengue is common. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also help prevent dengue by avoiding mosquito bites:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear insect repellent with DEET or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs and feet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Close unscreened doors and windows.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105" language="Spanish">Dengue</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003715">Dengue</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dengue.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dengue.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="1652">Hemorrhagic Fevers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545">Mosquito Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Break-bone Fever</see-reference>
<site title="About a Dengue Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/vaccine/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Areas with Risk of Dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/areas-with-risk/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/areas-with-risk/areas-con-riesgo-de-dengue.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dengue" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dengue%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Dengue in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue and Severe Dengue" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue Fever" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dengue.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dengue.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue Fever" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dengue fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001374.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue Fever Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dengue-fever-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-fiebre-del-dengue/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dengue: Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/prevention/como-prevenir-el-dengue.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manage Dengue in Infants" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/treatment/dengue-infants.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-dengue-en-bebes.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protect against Mosquito Bites when Traveling" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dengue" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dengue%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Dengue and Testing" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/signs-symptoms/sintomas-del-dengue-y-pruebas-de-deteccion.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El dengue es una infección causada por un virus. Puede infectarse si un mosquito infectado lo pica. Síntomas, prevención." title="Dengue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Fiebre hemorrágica del dengue</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El dengue es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;infección viral&lt;/a&gt;. Puede ser causado por cuatro virus relacionados. Se puede contagiar si le pica un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito&lt;/a&gt; infectado. Es común en áreas cálidas y húmedas del mundo. Aunque es raro, se puede encontrar en algunas partes de los Estados Unidos. Los brotes son más comunes durante las estaciones lluviosas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propaga el dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El dengue se transmite a las personas a través de la picadura de un mosquito infectado. No se propaga directamente de persona a persona. Sin embargo, una persona embarazada puede transmitir la infección a su bebé. En casos raros, se puede propagar a través de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusión de sangre&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órganos&lt;/a&gt; o una lesión por pinchazo de aguja (una herida accidental usando una aguja).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del dengue y del dengue grave?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cerca una de cada 4 personas infectadas con dengue se enfermará. Para aquellos que se enferman, la infección puede ser leve o grave. Los síntomas del dengue incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; alta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Molestias y dolores (dolor en los ojos, generalmente detrás de los ojos y dolor en los músculos, las articulaciones o los huesos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas suelen durar de 2 a 7 días.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El dengue grave es una forma seria de la enfermedad. Cerca de una de cada 20 personas que se enferman de dengue desarrollan dengue grave. Puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt;, hemorragia interna e incluso la muerte. Las personas tienen más probabilidades de tener dengue grave si han tenido dengue antes, están embarazadas o son bebés.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Esté atento a los signos y síntomas del dengue grave. En general, los signos de advertencia comienzan entre 24 y 48 horas después de que pase la fiebre. Obtenga atención médica inmediata si usted o un miembro de su familia muestra estos signos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor y sensibilidad abdominal&lt;/a&gt; intenso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos al menos 3 veces en 24 horas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado de la nariz o las encías&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos con sangre o sangre en las heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse cansado, inquieto o irritable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-fiebre-del-dengue/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; que puede mostrar si ha sido infectado con dengue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe un medicamento específico para el dengue. La mayoría de las personas mejoran después de más o menos una semana. Pero si cree que puede tener dengue:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consulte a un profesional de la salud y mencione cualquier viaje reciente que haya tenido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Descanse tanto como sea posible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tome acetaminofén para controlar la fiebre y aliviar el dolor. No tome aspirinas ni ibuprofeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beba mucho líquido para prevenir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El dengue grave a menudo requiere atención en un hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el dengue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, hay una vacuna para prevenir el dengue en niños entre nueve y 16 años. También tienen que haber tenido dengue anteriormente y vivir en áreas donde el virus es común.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También puede ayudar a prevenir el dengue evitando las picaduras de mosquitos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use repelente de insectos con DEET u otro repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) de EE. UU. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones del producto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use ropa que cubra sus brazos, piernas y pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cierre puertas y ventanas sin protección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control  y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html" id="3104" language="English">Dengue</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="2256">Fiebres hemorrágicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html" id="6546">Picadura de mosquitos</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca de la vacunación contra el dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/vaccine/acerca-de-la-vacunacion-dengue.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir el dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/prevention/como-prevenir-el-dengue.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue y dengue grave" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353084?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dengue: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20353078?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre el repelente de insectos adecuado" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre del dengue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001374.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre del dengue" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dengue.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dengue.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/treatment/manejo-del-dengue.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/family.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dengue en bebés" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-dengue-en-bebes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/treatment/dengue-infants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la picaduras de mosquitos cuando viaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la fiebre del dengue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-fiebre-del-dengue/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dengue-fever-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del dengue y pruebas de detección" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/signs-symptoms/sintomas-del-dengue-y-pruebas-de-deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Áreas con riesgo de dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/areas-with-risk/areas-con-riesgo-de-dengue.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/areas-with-risk/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La densidad mineral ósea es la cantidad de minerales en sus huesos. La densitometria ósea es la mejor forma de medir la salud de sus huesos. " title="Densidad ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html" id="5936" language="Spanish" date-created="01/03/2012">
<also-called>Densidad mineral ósea</also-called>
<also-called>Osteopenia</also-called>
<also-called>Pérdida de masa ósea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es densidad ósea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sus huesos están hechos de tejido viviente. Para mantenerlos fuertes, su cuerpo descompone huesos viejos y los reemplaza con nuevos. Pero cuando se descompone más hueso del que se reemplaza, usted pierde densidad ósea, también llamada masa ósea. La densidad ósea es una medida de la cantidad de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y otros minerales en el hueso. Los huesos que contienen más minerales son más densos. También suelen ser más fuertes y menos propensos a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturarse&lt;/a&gt; (romperse).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La pérdida de densidad ósea puede debilitar sus huesos. En algunos casos, puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;. Ésta es una afección que puede hacer que sus huesos sean más propensos a romperse. La densidad ósea baja que no es lo suficientemente baja para ser osteoporosis en ocasiones se le llama osteopenia. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puede provocar la pérdida de densidad ósea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sus huesos se tornan menos densos al envejecer. Otros factores pueden provocar que pierda masa ósea como: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un historial familiar de osteoporosis o masa ósea baja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No desarrollar una buena masa ósea cuando es joven&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertas afecciones como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades del sistema endocrino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del sistema digestivo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;Artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Anorexia nervosa, un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno alimenticio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos medicamentos como:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;Corticoides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inhibidores de bomba de protones (los cuales se utilizan para tratar la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para tratar epilepsia&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertos factores de estilo de vida incluyendo:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Consumo prolongado de alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Inactividad física&lt;/a&gt; o periodos prolongados de reposo en cama&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todas las personas que tienen masa ósea baja desarrollan osteoporosis, sin embargo, tienen un riesgo más elevado de desarrollarla.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Hay una prueba para medir la salud de los huesos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/"&gt;densitometría ósea&lt;/a&gt; es la mejor manera de medir la salud de sus huesos. Compara su densidad o masa ósea con la de una persona sana de la misma edad y sexo que usted. Puede mostrar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene densidad ósea baja &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si usted tiene osteoporosis, una afección que hace que sus huesos se vuelvan débiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su riesgo de fractura de huesos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si su tratamiento de osteoporosis está funcionando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo mantener mis huesos sanos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a mantener sus huesos sanos y ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis, lo mejor que puede hacer es comer una dieta sana rica en calcio y vitamina D. Ejercitarse regularmente, limitar el alcohol y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;no fumar&lt;/a&gt; también pueden ayudar. En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos para prevenir la osteoporosis.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html" id="5935" language="English">Bone Density</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html" id="1913">Fracturas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html" id="2067">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Osea, Densidad</see-reference>
<site title="Densitometría ósea" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dexa" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=dexa">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Densitometría ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la osteoporosis" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio aporta beneficios óseos que perduran" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-ejercicio-aporta-beneficios-oseos-que-perduran">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de densidad mineral ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007197.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga ejercicio para tener huesos sanos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/haga-ejercicio-para-tener-huesos-sanos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/exercise-your-bone-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteopenia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteopenia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia en bebés prematuros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007231.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopetrosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteopetrosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteopetrosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de densidad mineral ósea: Lo que significan los números" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/pruebas-de-densidad-mineral-osea-lo-que-significan-los-numeros" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-mineral-density-tests-what-numbers-mean">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos de los niños: Una guía para los padres" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/la-salud-de-los-huesos-de-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos y la osteoporosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/salud-de-los-huesos-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-health-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es su riesgo de osteoporosis?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000506_61.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000506_1.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa la pérdida ósea?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000506.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las dentaduras postizas son dientes falsos que se hacen para reemplazar los dientes que se pierden. Los avances en odontología han logrado grandes mejora." title="Dentaduras postizas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentures.html" id="3584" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las dentaduras postizas son dientes falsos que se hacen para reemplazar los dientes que ha perdido. Las dentaduras postizas completas cubren toda la quijada dental superior o inferior. Las dentaduras parciales reemplazan uno o sólo algunos dientes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las dentaduras pueden producir una sensación extraña al principio. Hablar y comer puede sentirse diferente. Tenga cuidado al usar dentaduras postizas porque pueden dificultar la percepción de alimentos y líquidos calientes. Además, es posible que no note el morder un hueso en su comida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Al comienzo, es posible que el dentista quiera verlo con frecuencia para asegurarse que la dentadura encaja bien. Con el tiempo, su boca cambiará y es posible que su dentadura postiza necesite ajustes o un reemplazo. Asegúrese que el dentista haga estos ajustes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su dentadura postiza se mueve demasiado en su boca, usar adhesivo para dentadura postiza puede ayudar. En algunos casos, su dentista puede sugerirle que cambie a implantes dentales. Son permanentes y reemplazan tanto las raíces como los dientes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mantenga sus dentaduras postizas limpias y sin alimentos que puedan causar manchas, mal aliento o encías hinchadas. Cepíllelos todos los días con un producto para el cuidado de la dentadura. Quítese las dentaduras de la boca por la noche y póngalas en agua o en un líquido limpiador de dentaduras postizas.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentures.html" id="3583" language="English">Dentures</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<site title="Cirugía de implante dental" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/dental-implant-surgery/about/pac-20384622?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dental-implant-surgery/about/pac-20384622?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentaduras" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/dentures_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas con la dentadura postiza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002037.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud dental: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos dentales:Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Investing in dental health can yield many benefits. Discover a list of simple ways to keep your oral health on track." title="Dental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28" language="English" date-created="02/10/1999">
<also-called>Oral health</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;It's important to take care of your mouth and teeth starting in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html"&gt;childhood&lt;/a&gt;. If you don't, you could have problems with your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html"&gt;teeth&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html"&gt;gums&lt;/a&gt; - like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;cavities&lt;/a&gt; or even tooth loss. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here's how to keep your mouth and teeth healthy:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clean between your teeth every day with floss or another type of between-the-teeth cleaner&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Snack smart - limit sugary snacks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't smoke or chew tobacco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See your dentist or oral health professional regularly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html" id="1847" language="Spanish">Salud dental</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009910">Oral Hygiene</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003729">Dental Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009909">Oral Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentalhealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html" id="1535">Child Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentures.html" id="3583">Dentures</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html" id="266">Gum Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/orthodontia.html" id="3614">Orthodontia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html" id="5951">Tooth Decay</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html" id="3069">Tooth Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Oral Health</see-reference>
<site title="Blood Thinners and Dental Care" url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=126:blood-thinners-and-dental-care&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Oral Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dental Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Dental+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Oral Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Oral+Health%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental care - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001957.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental plaque identification at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003426.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental x-rays" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003801.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Oral and Dental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/dental.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dentist" url="https://www.agd.org/practice/tools/patient-resources/find-an-agd-dentist">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of General Dentistry</organization>
</site>
<site title="HRSA: Find a Health Center" url="https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Adults and Oral Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/oral-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/oral-health">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Health: A Window to Your Overall Health" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/dental/art-20047475?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/dental/art-20047475?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Hygiene" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-hygiene" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-higiene-oral">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plaque: What It Is and How to Get Rid of It" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2017-09/plaque-what-is-it.pdf?_ga=2.197138854.881068182.1529323114-64545599.1524075144" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/Espanol/SaludOral/LasEnfermedades/PlacaDental.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention of Infective Endocarditis Wallet Card" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Infective-Endocarditis/Infective-Endocarditis-Wallet-Card.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Infective-Endocarditis/Infective-Endocarditis-Wallet-Card-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Oral+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Oral+Hygiene%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Dental+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Teeth and Mouth" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/taking-care-your-teeth-and-mouth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dientes/cuidado-dientes-boca">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking on Teeth Grinding and Clenching: Halt Dental Damage and Jaw Pain" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/12/taking-teeth-grinding-clenching" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/que-hacer-al-rechinar-y-apretar-los-dientes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Where Can I Find Low-Cost Dental Care?" url="https://www.hhs.gov/answers/health-insurance-reform/where-can-i-find-low-cost-dental-care/index.html">
<information-category>Finance and Policy</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Smile (and Mouth) Can Tell You More Than You Might Think" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/your-smile-and-mouth-can-tell-you-more-than-you-might-think" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-sonrisa-y-la-boca-pueden-iniciar-mas-de-lo-que-se-cree">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dentures are false teeth made to replace lost teeth. Dentures can be partial or complete. Read more about how to properly care for and adjust to them." title="Dentures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentures.html" id="3583" language="English" date-created="08/21/2003">
<also-called>False teeth</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Dentures are false teeth made to replace teeth you have lost. They can be complete or partial. Complete dentures cover your entire upper or lower jaw. Partials replace one or a few teeth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dentures may feel strange at first. Speaking and eating may feel different. Be careful when wearing dentures because they may make it harder for you to feel hot foods and liquids. Also, you may not notice biting on a bone from your food.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the beginning, your dentist may want to see you often to make sure the dentures fit. Over time, your mouth will change and you may need to have your dentures adjusted or replaced. Be sure to let your dentist handle these adjustments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your dentures move too much in your mouth, denture adhesive may help. In some cases, your dentist may suggest that you switch to dental implants. They are permanent, and they replace both the roots and teeth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Keep your dentures clean and free from food that can cause stains, bad breath, or swollen gums. Brush them every day with a denture care product. Take your dentures out of your mouth at night, and put them in water or a denture-cleansing liquid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentures.html" id="3584" language="Spanish">Dentaduras postizas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003778">Dentures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentures.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentures.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentures.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentures.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentures.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dentures.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28">Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html" id="3069">Tooth Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dental Implants</see-reference>
<see-reference>False Teeth</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dental Implants" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22dental+implants%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dentures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=dentures&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Implant Surgery" url="https://myoms.org/what-we-do/dental-implant-surgery/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Denture Adhesives" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/dental-devices/denture-adhesives">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Denture problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002037.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peri-Implant Diseases" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/periodontal-treatments-and-procedures/dental-implant-procedures/peri-implant-diseases/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentures" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dentures%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Teeth and Mouth" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/taking-care-your-teeth-and-mouth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dientes/cuidado-dientes-boca">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La depresión es una enfermedad severa. Es más que sentirse &quot;triste&quot; por algunos días. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamientos como medicinas y psicoterapia." title="Depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Depresión severa</also-called>
<also-called>Trastorno distímico</also-called>
<also-called>Tristeza profunda y persistente</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La depresión es una enfermedad clínica severa. Es más que sentirse "triste" por algunos días. Si usted es uno de los más de 19 millones de jóvenes y adultos en los EE. UU. que tiene depresión, esos sentimientos no desaparecen. Persisten e interfieren con su vida cotidiana. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sentirse triste o "vacío"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida de interés en sus actividades favoritas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumento o pérdida del apetito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No poder dormir o dormir demasiado &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse muy cansado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse sin esperanzas, irritable, ansioso o culpable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza, calambres o problemas digestivos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ideas de muerte o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
La depresión es un trastorno del cerebro. Existen muchas causas, incluyendo factores genéticos, biológicos, ambientales y psicológicos. La depresión puede comenzar a cualquier edad, pero suele empezar en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html"&gt;juventud&lt;/a&gt; o en adultos jóvenes. Es mucho más común en las mujeres. Las mujeres también pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html"&gt;depresión posparto&lt;/a&gt; después de dar a luz. Algunas personas tienen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html"&gt;trastorno afectivo estacional&lt;/a&gt; en el invierno. La depresión es una parte del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;trastorno bipolar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Existen tratamientos eficaces para la depresión, incluyendo   &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt; y terapia de conversación, o ambos a la vez.
 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113" language="English">Depression</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html" id="4147">Antidepresivos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html" id="2100">Depresión posparto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html" id="2178">Suicidio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html" id="3141">Trastorno afectivo estacional</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html" id="1772">Trastorno bipolar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html" id="6064">Trastornos del estado de ánimo</related-topic>
<site title="Actividad física puede disminuir los síntomas de depresión" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-actividad-fisica-puede-disminuir-los-sintomas-de">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aliviar la depresión en adultos mayores" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviar-la-depresion-en-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/easing-depression-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aprender respecto a la depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000325.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatías y la depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000790.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando la tristeza persiste: Comprender y tratar la depresión" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-la-tristeza-persiste" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/11/when-sadness-lingers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades de la depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003213_119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003213_30.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores y la depresión" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-y-la-depresion-depression-and-caregiving/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/depression-and-caregiving/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la tristeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sadness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sadness.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar ayuda a través de la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/psicoterapia" language-mapped-url="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/therapy.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/depression" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/depression">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/depresion-sp" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-what-you-need-to-know/index.shtml">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/depresion-depression" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/ucm118515.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/depresion-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/depression/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-depression.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión clínica: ¿Qué significa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/clinical-depression/FAQ-20057770?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/clinical-depression/FAQ-20057770?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en adolescentes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en adultos mayores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-en-adultos-mayores/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en las mujeres: 5 cosas que usted debe saber" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/la-depresion-en-las-mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-in-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en las mujeres: Comprensión de la brecha de género" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/art-20047725?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/ART-20047725?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en los adultos mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001521.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en niños y en adolescentes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-en-ninos-y-adolescentes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión grave con características psicóticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000933.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión masculina: Comprender los problemas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/male-depression/art-20046216?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/male-depression/ART-20046216?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión mayor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000945.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión resistente al tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/treatment-resistant-depression/art-20044324?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/treatment-resistant-depression/ART-20044324?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión y ansiedad: Hacer ejercicio puede aliviar los síntomas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression-and-exercise/art-20046495?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression-and-exercise/ART-20046495?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Depresión: Apoyar a un familiar o a un amigo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/art-20045943?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/ART-20045943?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Depresión: Descripción general" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003213.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión: Lidiar con los pensamientos suicidas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-como-tratar-los-pensamientos-suicidas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-coping-with-suicidal-thoughts/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor y depresión: ¿Existe alguna relación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/pain-and-depression/faq-20057823?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/pain-and-depression/FAQ-20057823?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Alzheimer y la depresión" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-y-enfermedad-de-alzheimer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-and-alzheimers-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades crónicas y la salud mental: Cómo reconocer y tratar la depresión" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/las-enfermedades-cronicas-y-la-salud-mental-como-reconocer-y-tratar-la-depresion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/chronic-illness-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-depresion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/depression-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre el tratamiento de la depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000945_105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000945_58.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lista de verificación de las señales de la depresión" url="https://mhanational.org/lista-de-verificacion-de-los-senales-de-la-depresion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llevar a su hijo a un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niño deprimido" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Nino-Deprimido-004.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas mayores y la depresión" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/depresion/personas-mayores-depresion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/mental-and-emotional-health/depression-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psicoterapia y depresión" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/depression/depresion?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="http://www.apapracticecentral.org/outreach/depression.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suspensión de los medicamentos para la depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia electroconvulsiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007474.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia y orientación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/psicoterapia-cognitiva/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/therapy-and-counseling/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno depresivo persistente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-depresivo-persistente-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/persistent-depressive-disorder/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno depresivo persistente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000918.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno depresivo persistente (distimia)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20350929?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tristeza y depresión" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/depression.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de las drogas psicodélicas y disociativas como medicamentos" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-uso-de-las-drogas-psicodelicas-y-disociativas-como-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la depresión?" url="https://mhanational.org/que-es-la-depresion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La depresión en adolescentes es una enfermedad médica grave. Es más que sentirse triste durante unos días." title="Depresión en adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html" id="6932" language="Spanish" date-created="05/10/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la depresión en los adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; en adolescentes (entre 13 y 17 años) es una enfermedad médica grave. Es más que sentirse triste durante unos días. Es un intenso sentimiento de tristeza, desesperanza e ira o frustración que dura mucho tiempo. Estos sentimientos hacen que te sea difícil tener una vida normal y hacer tus actividades habituales. También puedes tener problemas para concentrarte y no tener motivación o energía. La depresión puede hacerte difícil disfrutar la vida o incluso superar el día.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la depresión en adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos factores pueden jugar un papel en la depresión, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética:&lt;/strong&gt; La depresión puede darse en familias.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Biología cerebral y química&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormonas:&lt;/strong&gt; Los cambios hormonales pueden contribuir a la depresión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eventos estresantes en la niñez &lt;/strong&gt; como traumas, muerte de un ser querido, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html"&gt;intimidación y ciberacoso&lt;/a&gt;; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;abuso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes están en riesgo de depresión adolescente?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La depresión puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero a menudo comienza en la adolescencia o al comienzo de la adultez. Ciertos adolescentes tienen un mayor riesgo de depresión, como quienes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen otras afecciones de salud mental, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos de la alimentación&lt;/a&gt; y uso de sustancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen otras enfermedades, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen familiares con enfermedades mentales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen un conflicto familiar o una familia disfuncional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen problemas con amigos u otros compañeros en la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;discapacidades de aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad&lt;/a&gt; (TDAH)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Han sufrido un trauma en la infancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen baja autoestima, una perspectiva pesimista o poca capacidad de enfrentar situaciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son miembros de la &lt;a href="../spanish/lgbtqhealth.html" tid="1919"&gt;comunidad LGBTQIA+&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente cuando sus familias no los apoyan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la depresión en adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tienes depresión, uno o más de estos síntomas se presentarían con frecuencia:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tristeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de vacío&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desesperanza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentir enojo, irritación o frustración, incluso por cosas menores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puedes tener otros síntomas, como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No te importan las cosas que solías disfrutar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios de peso, como perder peso cuando no estás a dieta o aumentar de peso por comer demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el sueño, como problemas para quedarte o permanecer dormido, o dormir mucho más de lo normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirte inquieto o tener problemas para permanecer sentado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirte muy cansado o no tener energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirte sin valor o muy culpable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas para concentrarte, recordar información o tomar decisiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensar en la muerte o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la depresión en adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si crees que estas deprimido, dile a alguien en quien confías, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Padres o tutores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maestros o consejeros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Médicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El siguiente paso es visitar a tu médico para un chequeo. Tu médico puede primero asegurarse de que no tienes otro problema de salud que esté causando la depresión. Para hacer esto, es posible que haga un examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si no tienes otro problema de salud, obtendrás una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/"&gt;evaluación psicológica&lt;/a&gt;. Tu médico puede hacerlo o puede referirte a un profesional de salud mental para ello. Te pueden preguntar cosas como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamientos y sentimientos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cómo te va en la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cualquier cambio en tu alimentación, sueño o energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si piensas en suicidarte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si usas alcohol o drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la depresión en adolescentes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos efectivos para la depresión en adolescentes incluyen psicoterapia o terapia de conversación o una combinación de psicoterapia y medicamentos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psicoterapia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La psicoterapia o terapia de conversación, también llamada apoyo psicológico, puede ayudarte a comprender y controlar tu estado de ánimo y sentimientos. Implica ir a ver a un terapeuta, como un psiquiatra, un psicólogo, un trabajador social o un consejero. Puedes expresar tus emociones a alguien que te comprende y apoya. También puedes aprender cómo dejar de pensar negativamente y comenzar a ver las cosas positivas de la vida. Esto te ayudará a aumentar tu confianza y sentirte mejor contigo mismo.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos diferentes de psicoterapia. Se ha demostrado que ciertos tipos ayudan a los adolescentes a lidiar con la depresión, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia cognitiva conductual:&lt;/strong&gt; Te ayuda a identificar y cambiar los pensamientos negativos e inútiles. También te ayuda a desarrollar habilidades para enfrentar los problemas y cambiar patrones de comportamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia interpersonal:&lt;/strong&gt; Se enfoca en mejorar tus relaciones. Te ayuda a comprender y trabajar las relaciones problemáticas que pueden contribuir a tu depresión. Esta terapia puede ayudarte a cambiar los comportamientos que causan problemas. También explora los principales problemas que pueden agregarse a tu depresión, como el duelo o cambios en la vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicinas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, tu médico te sugerirá medicamentos junto con la psicoterapia. Algunos de los antidepresivos estudiados han demostrado que ayudan a los adolescentes. Si estás tomando medicamentos para la depresión, es importante que visites seguido a tu médico.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;También es importante saber que tomará algún tiempo para que los antidepresivos te ayuden:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede tomar de tres a cuatro semanas hasta que un antidepresivo haga efecto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede que tengas que probar más de un tipo de antidepresivo para encontrar uno que funcione &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;También puede tomar algún tiempo encontrar la dosis correcta de un antidepresivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, los antidepresivos pueden causar conductas o pensamientos suicidas en adolescentes. Este riesgo es mayor en las primeras semanas del tratamiento y cuando se cambia la dosis. &lt;strong&gt;Asegúrate de decirle a tus padres o tutor si comienzas a sentirte peor o tienes pensamientos sobre hacerte daño.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No debes dejar de tomar los antidepresivos por tu cuenta. Debes trabajar con tu médico para disminuir en forma lenta y segura la dosis antes de finalizar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Programas para la depresión mayor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos adolescentes que tienen depresión severa o que corren  riesgo de lastimarse pueden necesitar un tratamiento más intensivo. Pueden ir a un hospital psiquiátrico o hacer un programa de día. Ambos ofrecen consejería, discusiones grupales y actividades con profesionales de la salud mental y otros pacientes. Estos programas pueden ser de día completo o de medio día, y suelen durar varias semanas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html" id="6931" language="English">Teen Depression</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<site title="Acerca del suicido en los adolescentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/suicide.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/suicide.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescentes y el manejo de su depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000647.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20047502?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudarle a su hijo adolescente con depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000646.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consulta con un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando los niños y los adolescentes se autolesionan" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/depression.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-depression.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en adolescentes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20350985?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en la adolescencia: ¿Qué pueden hacer los padres para ayudar?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/childhood-depression-what-parents-can-do-to-help.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en los adolescentes: Algo más que mal genio" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/la-depresion-en-los-adolescentes-algo-mas-que-mal-genio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/teen-depression">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-depresion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/depression-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflingirse heridas en los adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Infligirse-Heridas-en-los-Adolescentes-073.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Self-Injury-In-Adolescents-073.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Llevar a su hijo a un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Los adolescentes están hablando de la salud mental" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-estan-hablando-de-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-are-talking-about-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Línea 988 de prevención del suicidio y crisis" url="https://988lifeline.org/es/inicio/" language-mapped-url="https://988lifeline.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pide que le hagan a tus hijos adolescentes la prueba para detectar la depresión" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-mental-relaciones-otras-personas/pide-hagan-tus-hijos-adolescentes-prueba-detectar-depresion" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/mental-health-and-relationships/get-your-teen-screened-depression">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la psicoterapia para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconocimiento de la depresión en los adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000648.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio adolescente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/suicidio-adolescente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/teen-suicide/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional (información para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sad.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo ayudar a un amigo que se corta?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/friend-cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/friend-cuts.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo dejar de cortarme?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/resisting-cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/resisting-cutting.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una mamá con depresión después del embarazo puede sentirse angustiada. No se conoce la causa. Aquí puede encontrar información sobre tratamientos" title="Depresión posparto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html" id="2100" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Depresión después del parto</also-called>
<also-called>Depresión postparto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchas mujeres sienten melancolía o tristeza después de haber dado a luz. Pueden sentir cambios en el estado de ánimo, sentirse ansiosas o abrumadas, sufrir crisis de llanto, pérdida de apetito o dificultad para dormir. Pero esto, generalmente, desaparece en unos días o una semana y los síntomas no son graves ni necesitan tratamiento.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, los síntomas de la depresión postparto duran más tiempo y son más graves. La nueva mamá puede sentirse desesperanzada e inútil y puede perder interés por el bebé. También, puede sentir deseos de lastimarse o lastimar a su hijo recién nacido. Muy pocas veces, estas nuevas mamás desarrollan algo más serio. Cuando es así, tienen alucinaciones o tratan de hacerse daño o hacer daño a su bebé. En este caso, necesitan tratamiento urgente, generalmente en un hospital.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La depresión postparto puede comenzar en cualquier momento dentro del primer año de haber dado a luz. No se conoce la causa,  pero puede ser que los cambios hormonales y físicos después del parto y el estrés de cuidar a un bebé jueguen un papel importante. Las mujeres que ya sufrían de depresión, presentan un riesgo mayor.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si cree que sufre de depresión postparto, coméntele a su proveedor de cuidados de salud. El tratamiento con medicamentos, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt; y terapia puede ayudarle a sentirse mejor.   &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html" id="1238" language="English">Postpartum Depression</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848">Depresión</related-topic>
<see-reference>Postparto, Depresión</see-reference>
<site title="Ansiedad perinatal" url="https://www.postpartum.net/es/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety" language-mapped-url="https://www.postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Apoyo Internacional para el Posparto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar ayuda a través de la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/psicoterapia" language-mapped-url="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/therapy.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión durante y después del embarazo: usted no está sola" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/Understanding-Motherhood-and-Mood-Baby-Blues-and-Beyond.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Understanding-Motherhood-and-Mood-Baby-Blues-and-Beyond.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión perinatal" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/depresion-perinatal" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión posparto" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/padres/depresion-posparto.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión posparto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007215.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007215.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión posparto" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión posparto puede durar años" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-depresion-posparto-puede-durar-anos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/01/postpartum-depression-may-last-years">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión posparto y perinatal: ¿Pueden ambos padres tener &quot;melancolía del puerperio&quot;?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/Dads-Can-Get-Postpartum-Depression-Too.aspx">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión posparto: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de la depresión posparto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-la-depresion-posparto/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/postpartum-depression-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plan de acción para la depresión posparto" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/plan-de-accion-para-la-depresion-posparto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/postpartum-depression/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos psicológicos perinatales" url="https://www.postpartum.net/en-espanol/trastornos-psicologicos-perinatales/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Apoyo Internacional para el Posparto</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Depression is a serious medical illness. It affects almost 7 percent of U.S. adults. It causes feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and frustration that do not go away. Learn about treatments." title="Depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Clinical depression</also-called>
<also-called>Dysthymic disorder</also-called>
<also-called>Major depressive disorder</also-called>
<also-called>Unipolar depression</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Depression is a serious medical illness. It's more than just a feeling of being sad or "blue" for a few days. If you are one of the more than 19 million teens and adults in the United States who have depression, the feelings do not go away. They persist and interfere with your everyday life. Symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling sad or "empty"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of interest in favorite activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overeating, or not wanting to eat at all&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to sleep, or sleeping too much&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling very tired&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling hopeless, irritable, anxious, or guilty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thoughts of death or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Depression is a disorder of the brain. There are a variety of causes, including genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Depression can happen at any age, but it often begins in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html"&gt;teens&lt;/a&gt; and young adults. It is much more common in women. Women can also get  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html"&gt;postpartum depression&lt;/a&gt; after the birth of a baby. Some people get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html"&gt;seasonal affective disorder&lt;/a&gt; in the winter. Depression is one part of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;bipolar disorder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are effective treatments for depression, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, talk therapy, or both.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848" language="Spanish">Depresión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003863">Depression</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/depression.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html" id="4146">Antidepressants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html" id="600">Bipolar Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676">Mental Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html" id="6063">Mood Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html" id="1238">Postpartum Depression</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html" id="3140">Seasonal Affective Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html" id="424">Suicide</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html" id="6931">Teen Depression</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dysthymic Disorder</see-reference>
<site title="8 Things To Know about Depression and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-depression-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Psychiatric Association" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Stimulation Therapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Depression" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Depression%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dysthymic Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dysthymic+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003213.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/depression" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/depression">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/depresion-2011/index.shtml">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/depression-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/depresion-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression - stopping your medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000570.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Aging" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging/about/depression-aging.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-and-alzheimers-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-y-enfermedad-de-alzheimer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Anxiety: Exercise Eases Symptoms" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression-and-exercise/ART-20046495?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression-and-exercise/art-20046495?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Caregiving" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/depression-and-caregiving/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-y-la-depresion-depression-and-caregiving/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/mental-and-emotional-health/depression-and-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/depresion/personas-mayores-depresion">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/depression-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-depresion/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression in Black Americans" url="https://www.mhanational.org/depression-black-americans">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression in Children and Teens" url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-in-children-and-teens/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://es.familydoctor.org/familydoctor/es/diseases-conditions/depression/depression-in-children-and-teens.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression in older adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001521.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression in Older Adults: More Facts" url="https://www.mhanational.org/depression-older-adults-more-facts">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression in the Workplace" url="https://www.mhanational.org/depression-workplace">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression in Women:  4 Things to Know" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-in-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/la-depresion-en-las-mujeres">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression in Women: Understanding the Gender Gap" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/ART-20047725?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/art-20047725?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003213_30.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003213_119.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/depression-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-depresion/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression Screening: Questionnaire" url="https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/web/myhealthevet/depression-screening">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression Treatment" url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/depression/treatment.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/depression">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression: Supporting a Family Member or Friend" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/ART-20045943?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression/art-20045943?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dysthymia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000918.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Easing Depression in Older Adult" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/easing-depression-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviar-la-depresion-en-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroconvulsive therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007474.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Your Local NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/findsupport/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart disease and depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000790.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Help with Depression" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000325.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Major depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000945.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Major Depression among Adults" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Major depression with psychotic features" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000933.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Depression: Understanding the Issues" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/male-depression/ART-20046216?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/male-depression/art-20046216?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Your Mental Health with Lupus" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/lupus-and-depression-know-the-signs-and-how-to-get-help">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic Side Effects of Psychiatric Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-8-1533575726&amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/persistent-depressive-disorder/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-depresivo-persistente-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs as Medicines" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-uso-de-las-drogas-psicodelicas-y-disociativas-como-medicamentos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Depression%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="St. John's Wort and Depression" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/st-johns-wort-and-depression-in-depth">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Your Child to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Depression: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge about Depression Treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000945_58.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000945_105.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Link Between Migraine, Depression and Anxiety" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/link-between-migraine-depression-anxiety/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapy and Counseling" url="https://familydoctor.org/therapy-and-counseling/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/psicoterapia-cognitiva/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment-Resistant Depression" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/treatment-resistant-depression/ART-20044324?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/treatment-resistant-depression/art-20044324?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding the Link Between Chronic Disease and Depression" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/chronic-illness-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/las-enfermedades-cronicas-y-la-salud-mental-como-reconocer-y-tratar-la-depresion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Does the Term &quot;Clinical Depression&quot; Mean?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/clinical-depression/FAQ-20057770?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/clinical-depression/FAQ-20057770?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do When You Feel Sad" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/depression.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Know Before Stopping Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-19-1580418376&amp;amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Sadness Lingers: Understanding and Treating Depression" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/11/when-sadness-lingers" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-la-tristeza-persiste">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Como paciente, usted tiene ciertos derechos, como el consentimiento informado. Infórmese sobre cómo esto puede ayudar a tomar mejores decisiones de salud." title="Derechos del paciente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientrights.html" id="4254" language="Spanish" date-created="11/03/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Como paciente, usted tiene ciertos derechos. Algunos están garantizados por las leyes federales, como el derecho a recibir una copia de su historia clínica y el derecho a mantenerlo privado. Muchos estados tienen leyes adicionales que protegen a los pacientes y los centros de salud suelen tener una declaración de los derechos de sus pacientes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un derecho importante del paciente es el consentimiento informado. Eso significa que si usted debe someterse a un tratamiento, el médico debe proveerle la información necesaria para que tome una decisión.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos hospitales cuentan con personas que abogan por los pacientes que necesitan de ayuda, si llegaran a tener algún problema. Muchos estados tienen una oficina de defensoría del pueblo para problemas con el cuidado de la salud a largo plazo. El departamento de salud de su estado también puede ayudarlo.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientrights.html" id="4253" language="English">Patient Rights</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyissues.html" id="1899">Asuntos familiares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html" id="1844">Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html" id="3893">Historia clínica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html" id="2082">Seguridad del paciente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Paciente, Derechos del</see-reference>
<site title="Consentimiento informado con adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000445.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consentimiento válido" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/consentimiento-valido.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/informed-consent.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Declaración de derechos del paciente" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/manejo-del-seguro-medico/declaracion-de-derechos-del-paciente.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-health-insurance/patients-bill-of-rights.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derechos y responsabilidades del usuario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001947.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Privacidad de la información médica" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/es/privacidad-de-la-informacion-medica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos, Oficina de Salud de las Minorías</organization>
</site>
<site title="Segundas opiniones quirúrgicas" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Son seguros los estudios clínicos?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/estudios-clinicos/son-seguros-los-estudios-clinicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/safety#informed-consent">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los derrames de petróleo pueden afectar la salud. Estos efectos pueden depender de qué tipo de petróleo se derramó y dónde. Infórmese aquí." title="Derrame de petróleo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oilspills.html" id="5555" language="Spanish" date-created="06/21/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los derrames de petróleo a menudo ocurren debido a accidentes, cuando las personas cometen errores o equipos se descomponen. Otras causas incluyen desastres naturales o actos deliberados. Los derrames de petróleo tienen importantes efectos ambientales y económicos.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Los derrames de petróleo también pueden &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/environmentalhealth.html"&gt;afectar a la salud humana&lt;/a&gt;. Estos efectos pueden depender de qué tipo de petróleo se derramó y dónde (en tierra, en un río o en el mar). Otros factores incluyen qué tipo de exposición y la cantidad de exposición que hubo. Las personas que limpian derrames están en mayor riesgo. Los problemas pueden incluir irritación cutánea y ocular, problemas neurológicos y respiratorios, y estrés. No se sabe mucho acerca de los efectos a largo plazo de estos derrames.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oilspills.html" id="5554" language="English">Oil Spills</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Petróleo, Derrame</see-reference>
<site title="A quién notificar y cómo estar preparado en caso de una emergencia ambiental" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/quien-notificar-y-como-estar-preparado-en-caso-de-una-emergencia-ambiental">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aceites combustibles" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts75.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocarburos totales de petróleo" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts123.html" language-mapped-url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=423&amp;toxid=75">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas relacionados con el derrame de petróleo Información pública: qué hacer y por qué" url="https://ldh.la.gov/assets/docs/OilSpillResources/OilSpillFAQsPublicSpnsh.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Hospitales de Louisiana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad y concienciación de salud para trabajadores de limpieza de derrames de petróleo" url="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/public/hasl_get_blob.cfm?ID=8616">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre los cambios mentales, emocionales y sociales que ocurren durante la adolescencia. " title="Desarrollo del adolescente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html" id="2185" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Como adolescente, pasas por muchos cambios físicos, mentales, emocionales y sociales. El cambio más grande es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html"&gt;pubertad&lt;/a&gt; el proceso por el cual se llega a la madurez sexual. Por lo general, ocurre entre los 10 y 14 para las niñas y los 12 y 16 para los varones. A medida que tu cuerpo cambia, puede que tengas preguntas sobre la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html"&gt;salud sexual&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante este tiempo, comienzas a desarrollar tu propia personalidad y opiniones. Algunos cambios que podrías notar incluyen :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumento de la independencia de tus padres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más preocupaciones sobre la imagen corporal y la ropa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más influencia de tus compañeros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mayor capacidad de sentir el bien y el mal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Todos estos cambios a veces pueden ser abrumadores. Un poco de tristeza o mal humor puede ser normal. Pero sentirse muy triste, sin esperanza o sin valor podrían ser señales de advertencia de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html"&gt;problema de salud mental&lt;/a&gt;. Si necesitas ayuda, habla con tus padres, un consejero escolar o un profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendevelopment.html" id="1587" language="English">Teen Development</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html" id="5570">Pubertad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html" id="2241">Salud de los adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186">Salud sexual del adolescente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescentes, Desarrollo de los</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescentes (15 a 17 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/adolescence2.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/female-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/male-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/male-repro.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos básicos de la higiene" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hygiene-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hygiene-basics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atracción y orientación sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro de los adolescentes: 7 cosas que usted debe saber" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-cerebro-de-los-adolescentes-7-cosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprender la salud emocional de su hijo adolescente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/entendiendo-la-salud-emocional-de-su-hijo-o-hija-adolescente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/understanding-your-teens-emotional-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecimiento y su hijo de 13 a 18 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-13-to-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-13-to-18.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crianza de adolescentes: Guiar a nuestros hijos durante años turbulentos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crianza-de-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/06/parenting-teens">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depilación del vello púbico" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/depilacion-del-vello-pubiano/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/removing-pubic-hair/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del adolescente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002003.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo infantil: Adolescentes jóvenes (12 a 14 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/adolescence.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo normal de la adolescencia: La escuela intermedia y los primeros años de la secundaria" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Desarrollo-Normal-de-la-Adolescencia-La-escuela-intermedia-y-los-primeros-anos-de-la-057.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Normal_Adolescent_Development_Part_I_57.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas de la adolescencia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/stages-of-adolescence.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/pages/Stages-of-Adolescence.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ginecomastia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/boybrst.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/boybrst.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu médico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imagen corporal y autoestima" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influencia de la música y de los videos de &quot;rock&quot;" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/La-Influencia-de-la-Musica-y-de-los-Videos-de-Musica-040.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/The_Influence_Of_Music_And_Music_Videos_40.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mojar la cama (enuresis nocturna)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/enuresis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/enuresis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Olor corporal" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orientación sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poder de los compañeros: ¿Quién influye en su salud?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-de-los-companeros" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/09/power-peers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es el peso adecuado para mi altura?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-height.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-height.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es normal mi pene?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/penis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/penis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Estoy en una relación sana?" url="https://kidshealth.org/KidsHealthDemo/es/teens/healthy-relationship.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/healthy-relationship.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué está cambiando mi voz? (información para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/voice-changing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/voice-changing.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué me duelen los pechos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sore-breasts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sore-breasts.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un pediatra del desarrollo conductual?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="No todos los bebés y recién nacidos se desarrollan a la misma velocidad. Sin embargo, hay cinco áreas de crecimiento esenciales. Infórmese aquí." title="Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;¿Cuándo empezará a caminar mi bebé o dirá su primera palabra? La infancia en su primera etapa, desde el nacimiento del bebé hasta que cumple 5 años, es cuando se desarrollan las habilidades que utilizarán  durante el resto de sus vidas. El crecimiento normal de los niños puede dividirse en las siguientes áreas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Habilidad motora: controlar la cabeza, sentarse y caminar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Habilidad motora primaria: sostener una cuchara, sujetar un pedazo de cereal con un dedo y el dedo pulgar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sensorial: ver, escuchar, saborear, tocar y oler &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lenguaje: ser capaz de hablar y hacerse entender y de comprender lo que dicen los padres u otros niños &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social: habilidades para jugar con los familiares y con otros niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los bebés no se desarrollan a la misma velocidad. Existe una amplia gama de lo que se considera "normal." Su bebé puede estar adelantado en algunas áreas y apenas un poco más atrasado en otras. Si le preocupan los posibles atrasos, consúltelo con el pediatra de su bebé.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1548" language="English">Infant and Newborn Development</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html" id="1976">Salud del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Niño pequeño, Desarrollo</see-reference>
<site title="2 a 20 años: Niños percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c021.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad de separación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad por la separación en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001542.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprenda los signos. Reaccione pronto" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/actearly/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprendizaje, juego y su hijo de 1 a 3 meses" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/learn13m.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/learn13m.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprendizaje, juego y su recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/learnnewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/learnnewborn.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bebé: 0 a 3 meses" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecimiento y desarrollo normales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002456.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dejar el biberón" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo de los niños que comienzan a caminar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002010.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del bebé recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002004.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo emocional y social: Desde recién nacido hasta 3 meses" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/emotional-and-social-development-birth-to-3-months.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-Birth-to-3-Months.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-del-habla-y-el-lenguaje" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/speech-and-language">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gráficas de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indicadores del desarrollo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/milestones/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l028.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l018.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l019.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l017.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de evaluación del desarrollo y el comportamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Registro de acontecimientos importantes del desarrollo a los 6 meses de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 12 meses de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002005.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 2 meses de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002006.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 4 meses de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 9 meses de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002009.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del desarrollo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso en el desarrollo del habla o del lenguaje" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/not-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/not-talk.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Señales positivas de la lectura temprana en bebés y niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/developmental-milestones-of-early-literacy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Developmental-Milestones-of-Early-Literacy.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia física" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/phys-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/phys-therapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Los bebés también necesitan pasar tiempo boca abajo!" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/tiempo-boca-abajo" language-mapped-url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Su hijo o hija necesita vacunas a medida que crece!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un pediatra del desarrollo conductual?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tan activo es su bebé?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/how-active-is-your-baby.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/How-Active-is-Your-Baby.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Alguna vez se preguntó qué es normal en un niño? Entérese sobre el desarrollo cognitivo, físico, intelectual, social y emocional en sus diferentes etapas." title="Desarrollo del niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Al crecer los niños, se desarrollan de diferentes maneras. El desarrollo del niño incluye cambios físicos, intelectuales, sociales y emocionales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños crecen y maduran a velocidades muy distintas. Es difícil definir lo que es "normal". Pueden existir grandes diferencias de altura, peso y contextura entre los niños sanos  dependiendo de la dieta, el ejercicio y los genes. Algunos niños comienzan la pubertad o están cerca de ella antes de ser adolescentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños empiezan a ser más independientes de sus padres. Pueden volverse rebeldes. También admiran lo externo, como a sus amigos, quienes suelen ser del mismo sexo. La aprobación de sus pares es muy importante. Su hijo puede probar algunos comportamientos nuevos para ser parte del "grupo". &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Éste puede ser un momento en el que los padres o los maestros identifican &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;trastornos del aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html"&gt;problemas de la conducta&lt;/a&gt; en los niños. Estos problemas pueden empeorar a medida que pasa el tiempo, de modo que es importante buscar ayuda lo antes posible.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185" language="English">Child Development</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html" id="2185">Desarrollo del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5425">Desarrollo del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/growthdisorders.html" id="1926">Trastornos de crecimiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="1809">Trastornos de la conducta del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="1850">Trastornos del desarrollo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Desarrollo de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Desarrollo de los</see-reference>
<site title="2 a 20 años: Niños percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c021.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aprenda los signos. Reaccione pronto" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/actearly/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comienzo de la asistencia a la escuela" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Comienzo-de-la-Asistencia-a-la-Escuela-082.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Starting_School_82.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecimiento de su hijo(a)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-growth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-growth.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecimiento y desarrollo normales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002456.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curva de crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo entender el comportamiento de su hijo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/how-to-understand-your-childs-temperament.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/How-to-Understand-Your-Childs-Temperament.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar y evitar los berrinches" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-manejar-y-evitar-los-berrinches/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/managing-and-preventing-temper-tantrums/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollar la autoestima de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/self-esteem.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/self-esteem.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo de los niños en edad escolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002017.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo de los niños en edad preescolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002013.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo infantil: Adolescentes jóvenes (12 a 14 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/adolescence.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enuresis nocturna" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/paginas/bedwetting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/Pages/Bedwetting.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estoy creciendo: Pero, ¿soy normal?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/growing-up-normal.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gráficas de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mojar la cama (Enuresis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/enuresis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enuresis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niñez intermedia (9 a 11 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle2.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle2.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niñez mediana (de 6 a 8 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños en edad preescolar (3 a 5 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/preschoolers.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/preschoolers.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el mentir" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-el-Mentir-044.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Children_And_Lying_44.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y la violencia en la televisión" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-la-Violencia-en-la-Television-013.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-TV-Violence-013.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orinarse en la cama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000703.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de control de la vejiga y de mojar la cama en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-control-vejiga-enuresis-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems-bedwetting-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<organization>Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de evaluación del desarrollo y el comportamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rabietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001922.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de acontecimientos importantes del desarrollo a los 5 años de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002016.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002002.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 4 años de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002015.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del desarrollo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timidez" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/shy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/shy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timidez en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/shyness-in-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/Shyness-in-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trabajo de niños: Jugar ayuda a los niños a aprender y crecer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-un-trabajo-de-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/special-issues/parenting/its-kids-job">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un pediatra del desarrollo conductual?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es emocionante ver a su pequeño aprender cosas nuevas. El crecimiento normal de los niños menores de 3 años puede dividirse en diferentes áreas. Entérese." title="Desarrollo del niño pequeño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5425" language="Spanish" date-created="05/27/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Dominar nuevas habilidades como caminar, hablar y dejar los pañales son hitos en el desarrollo. Es emocionante ver a su pequeño aprender cosas nuevas. El crecimiento normal de los niños menores de tres años incluye las siguientes áreas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Motricidad gruesa: Caminar, correr, trepar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Motricidad fina: Comer por sí mismo, dibujar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensorial: Ver, escuchar, saborear, tocar y oler &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Lenguaje: Decir sólo palabras al comienzo y luego oraciones&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Social: Jugar con otras personas, tomar turnos, jugar usando la imaginación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños pequeños no se desarrollan a la misma velocidad. Existe una amplia gama de lo que se considera "normal". Su niño puede estar adelantado en algunas áreas y apenas un poco más atrasado en otras. Si le preocupan los posibles atrasos, consúltelo con el pediatra de su niño.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5424" language="English">Toddler Development</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html" id="1976">Salud del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Niño pequeño, Desarrollo</see-reference>
<site title="Ansiedad de separación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad por la separación en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001542.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprender a dejar los pañales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/potty-training/art-20045230?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/potty-training/art-20045230?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chuparse el dedo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000676.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000676.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de entrenamiento para ir al baño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000944.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000944.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crear un plan de entrenamiento para el baño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/paginas/creating-a-toilet-training-plan.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/pages/Creating-a-Toilet-Training-Plan.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecimiento y desarrollo de un niño pequeño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/paginas/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecimiento y desarrollo normales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002456.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dejar el biberón" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo cognitivo o cognoscitivo: niño de dos años de edad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Cognitive-Development-Two-Year-Old.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/pages/Cognitive-Development-Two-Year-Old.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo de los niños que comienzan a caminar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002010.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del lenguaje: Niños de 1 año de edad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Language-Development-1-Year-Olds.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Language-Development-1-Year-Olds.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del lenguaje: Niños de 2 años de edad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Language-Development-2-Year-Olds.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Language-Development-2-Year-Olds.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del niño: Niños pequeños (2 a 3 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/toddlers2.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/positive-parenting-tips/toddlers-2-3-years.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo social: Niños de 1 año de edad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Social-Development-1-Year-Olds.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/pages/Social-Development-1-Year-Olds.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo social: Niños de 2 años de edad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Social-Development-2-Year-Olds.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/pages/Social-Development-2-Year-Olds.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento para el baño y el niño mayor" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/paginas/toilet-training-and-the-older-child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/Pages/Toilet-Training-and-the-Older-Child.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-del-habla-y-el-lenguaje" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/speech-and-language">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gráficas de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indicadores del desarrollo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/milestones/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movimiento y coordinación" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/paginas/movement-and-coordination.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/pages/Movement-and-Coordination.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l018.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l019.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l017.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para dormir" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/sleep/Paginas/Bedtime-Trouble.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/sleep/Pages/Bedtime-Trouble.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de evaluación del desarrollo y el comportamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rabietas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tantrums.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tantrums.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 12 meses de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002005.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 18 meses de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002011.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 2 años de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002012.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registro de los hitos del desarrollo a los 3 años de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002014.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regresión" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/paginas/regression.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/pages/Regression.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso en el desarrollo del habla o del lenguaje" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/not-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/not-talk.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un pediatra del desarrollo conductual?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuando usted está deshidratado su cuerpo no tiene suficiente líquido para funcionar bien. Entérese sobre los signos, síntomas y qué hacer." title="Deshidratación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html" id="6052" language="Spanish" date-created="01/03/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la deshidratación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La deshidratación es una afección causada por la pérdida de demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;líquido del cuerpo&lt;/a&gt;. Ocurre cuando pierde más líquidos de los que ingiere y su cuerpo no tiene suficientes líquidos para funcionar bien.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la deshidratación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede deshidratarse por lo siguiente:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html"&gt;Sudar&lt;/a&gt; demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orinar demasiado (por ciertos medicamentos y enfermedades)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No beber suficiente agua u otros líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener deshidratación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen mayor probabilidad de tener deshidratación:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores: Algunas personas pierden la sensación de sed a medida que envejecen, por lo que no beben suficientes líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bebés y niños pequeños: Tienen más probabilidades de tener diarrea o vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con enfermedades crónicas que les causan orinar o sudar con más frecuencia: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;fibrosis quística&lt;/a&gt; o problemas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que toman medicamentos que les hacen orinar o sudar más&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que hacen ejercicio o trabajan al aire libre cuando hace calor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la deshidratación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En adultos, los síntomas de deshidratación incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener mucha sed&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;Boca seca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Orinar y sudar menos de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orina de color oscuro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Piel seca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sensación de cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En bebés y niños pequeños, los síntomas de deshidratación incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sequedad de boca y lengua&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Llorar sin lágrimas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No mojar los pañales por 3 horas o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre alta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener sueño o somnolencia inusual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ojos que parecen hundidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La deshidratación puede ser leve o lo suficientemente grave como para poner en peligro la vida. Consiga ayuda médica de inmediato si los síntomas también incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Confusión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html"&gt;Desmayo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de micción&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Latidos rápidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Respiración rápida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html"&gt;Shock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la deshidratación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene deshidratación, su profesional de la salud puede solicitar pruebas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Revisar sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html"&gt;signos vitales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar por sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede solicitarle:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exámenes de sangre para verificar sus niveles de electrolitos, especialmente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html"&gt;potasio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sodio&lt;/a&gt;. Los electrolitos son minerales que tienen una carga eléctrica. Tienen muchas funciones importantes, como ayudar a mantener un equilibrio de líquidos en su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exámenes de sangre para determinar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;función renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de orina para detectar deshidratación y su causa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se trata la deshidratación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la deshidratación consiste en reemplazar los líquidos y electrolitos que ha perdido. Para casos leves, es posible que necesite beber mucha agua. Si pierde electrolitos, las bebidas deportivas pueden ayudar. También hay soluciones de rehidratación oral para niños que puede comprar sin receta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los casos graves pueden tratarse con líquidos intravenosos en un hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la deshidratación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La clave para prevenir la deshidratación es tomar suficientes líquidos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tome suficiente agua todos los días. Las necesidades de cada persona pueden ser diferentes, así que pregúntele a su profesional de la salud cuánto debe beber cada día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evite las bebidas que contengan azúcar y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beba líquidos adicionales cuando haga calor o cuando está enfermo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beba más líquidos cuando haga calor, especialmente si hace ejercicio o trabaja al aire libre. Si está perdiendo muchos minerales con el sudor, las bebidas deportivas pueden ayudar. Pero algunas bebidas deportivas tienen mucha azúcar, así que tenga cuidado de no beber demasiadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtenga líquidos adicionales cuando esté enfermo. Si tiene problemas para retener líquidos, puede intentar tomar pequeños sorbos de agua o chupar trozos de hielo&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html" id="6051" language="English">Dehydration</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858">Diarrea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html" id="1946">Enfermedades causadas por el calor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4225">Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="2048">Náusea y vómitos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sed</see-reference>
<site title="Ausencia de sed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003086.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bebidas para prevenir la deshidratación cuando su hijo tiene vómitos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/drinks-to-prevent-dehydration-in-a-vomiting-child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Drinks-to-Prevent-Dehydration-in-a-Vomiting-Child.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/deshidratacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/katrina/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000982.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación en deportes juveniles: Prevención y respuesta" url="https://www.safekids.org/sites/default/files/documents/espanol/Dehydration-Prevention-Tip-Sheet-2012-SPANISH.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Campaña Nacional de Safe Kids</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dehydration/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354092?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="H20 para un envejecimiento saludable" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-h20-para-un-envejecimiento-saludable" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/h20-for-healthy-aging">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de osmolalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-osmolalidad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/osmolality-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer en caso de deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dehydration-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dehydration-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sed excesiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003085.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El desmayo (o síncope) es una pérdida temporal de la conciencia. Entérese sobre los síntomas que ocurren antes del desmayo y qué hacer." title="Desmayo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html" id="1898" language="Spanish" date-created="02/06/2008">
<also-called>Desvanecimiento</also-called>
<also-called>Síncope</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El desmayo (o síncope) es una pérdida temporal de la conciencia. Si se esta por desmayar, usted se sentirá mareado, con vértigo o con nauseas. Puede que vea "todo blanco" o "todo negro". Su piel puede sentirse fría y húmeda. Puede perder el control de sus músculos y caerse.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El desmayo suele ocurrir cuando la presión sanguínea &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;baja&lt;/a&gt; de repente y causa que el flujo de la sangre al cerebro disminuya. Esto es más común en las personas mayores. Entre las causas del desmayo se incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Calor o deshidratación &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Angustia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ponerse de pie demasiado rápido &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Algunas medicinas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Descenso del nivel de azúcar en la sangre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si alguien se desmaya, asegúrese que las vías respiratorias estén despejadas para que pueda respirar sin problemas. La persona debe quedarse acostada unos 10 a 15 minutos. La mayoría de la gente se recupera por completo. Por lo general, los desmayos no son nada de qué preocuparse, pero a veces, pueden ser una señal de algún problema serio. Si se desmayó, es importante que vea a un médico y descubra por qué ocurrió.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;  NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html" id="1481" language="English">Fainting</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Desvanecimiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síncope</see-reference>
<site title="Desmayo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003092.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desmayo durante la micción (síncope miccional)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/faq-20058084?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/FAQ-20058084?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desmayo: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-fainting/basics/art-20056606?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-fainting/basics/ART-20056606?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desmayos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/desmayos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fainting/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desmayos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fainting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fainting.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareos y desmayos en adolescentes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/paginas/dizziness-and-fainting-spells.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/pages/Dizziness-and-Fainting-Spells.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Desmayos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fainting-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fainting-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la mesa inclinada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síncope vasovagal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/symptoms-causes/syc-20350527?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/symptoms-causes/syc-20350527?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si usted no obtiene suficientes nutrientes puede sufrir desnutrición. Infórmese sobre las causas y consecuencias de una nutrición inadecuada." title="Desnutrición" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html" id="5462" language="Spanish" date-created="06/01/2010">
<also-called>Alimentación insuficiente</also-called>
<also-called>Mala o poca alimentación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los alimentos proveen la energía y nutrientes que usted necesita para mantenerse saludable. Si usted no obtiene suficientes nutrientes - incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteínas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; - usted puede sufrir desnutrición.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las causas de desnutrición incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de nutrientes específicos en su dieta. Aún la falta de una vitamina puede conducir a desnutrición&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una dieta poco balanceada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunos problemas médicos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html"&gt;síndromes de malabsorción&lt;/a&gt; y cánceres.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen cansancio, mareo y pérdida de peso o puede no tener ninguno. Su doctor realizará los exámenes dependiendo de la causa de su problema. El tratamiento puede ser reemplazar los nutrientes que le faltan en la dieta y tratar el problema que causó la desnutrición. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html" id="5461" language="English">Malnutrition</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html" id="4299">Minerales en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="2247">Nutrición para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html" id="5611">Peso corporal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5460">Síndromes de malabsorción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitamina B12" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-b12" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitaminas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beriberi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la desnutrición en adultos de edad avanzada" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-prevenir-la-desnutricion-en-adultos-de-edad-avanzada/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/preventing-malnutrition-in-older-adults/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de yodo" url="https://www.thyroid.org/deficiencia-de-yodo/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desnutrición" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000404.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desnutrición" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/desnutrici%C3%B3n/desnutrici%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/undernutrition/undernutrition">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escorbuto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000355.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kwashiorkor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001604.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición en el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/perdida-apetito/nutricion-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/appetite-loss/nutrition-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelagra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000342.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001538.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de albúmina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-albumina-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/albumin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de prealbúmina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-prealbumina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prealbumin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimotripsina en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/quimotripsina-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chymotrypsin-in-stool/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000344.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/raquitismo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/rickets/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La retina está ubicada en la parte posterior del ojo. El desprendimiento de la retina es una emergencia médica. Síntomas y tratamiento aquí." title="Desprendimiento de retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html" id="6142" language="Spanish" date-created="06/27/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La retina es una capa de tejido en la parte posterior del ojo que percibe la luz y envía las imágenes al cerebro. Suministra la visión nítida y central necesaria para leer, conducir y ver los detalles más pequeños. Se llama desprendimiento de retina a la separación de la retina de su posición normal debido a un desgarro. Puede sucederles a personas de todas las edades pero es más común en personas mayores de 40. Este problema afecta más a los hombres que a las mujeres y a más blancos que afroamericanos. Las personas que presentan más riesgos también:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son extremadamente miopes o cortos de vista&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen un desprendimiento de retina en el otro ojo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen una historia familiar de desprendimiento de retina &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Han tenido cirugía de cataratas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen otras enfermedades o afecciones de la vista o del ojo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Han sufrido una lesión en el ojo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen un aumento de flotadores (pequeños puntos o manchas que aparecen en la visión de una persona, o destellos de luz en los ojos). También, puede sentir la sensación de que existe una "cortina" en su campo de visión.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El desprendimiento de retina es una emergencia médica. Si no se trata pronto, puede ocasionar pérdida de la visión permanente. Si usted presenta alguno de los síntomas, acuda a un oculista (médico de los ojos) inmediatamente. El tratamiento incluye varios tipos de cirugía.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html" id="6141" language="English">Retinal Detachment</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html" id="2267">Enfermedades de la retina</related-topic>
<see-reference>Retina, Desprendimiento</see-reference>
<site title="Desprendimiento de la retina" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/desprendimiento-de-la-retina" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Desprendimiento de retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100132_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100132_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desprendimiento de retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001027.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico de un desgarramiento o desprendimiento de la retina" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/desgarramiento-desprendimiento-retina-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del desprendimiento de retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002960.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002960.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un desprendimiento de retina?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/desgarramiento-desprendimiento-retina" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Está preocupado sobre qué pasará después de su cirugía? Infórmese sobre posibles efectos secundarios, control del dolor, cuidado de incisiones y más." title="Después de una cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aftersurgery.html" id="5420" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<also-called>Cuidados post-operatorios</also-called>
<also-called>Después de una operación</also-called>
<also-called>Luego de una cirugía</also-called>
<also-called>Post-operación</also-called>
<also-called>Postoperación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Después de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html"&gt;operación&lt;/a&gt;, usted sentirá algunos efectos secundarios. A veces hay dolor. También puede haber hinchazón e inflamación en el área de la incisión. Su cirujano puede avisarle qué efectos secundarios esperar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede haber complicaciones. Hay cosas que no se pueden prever. Algunas complicaciones pueden ser infecciones, sangrado excesivo, reacción a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html"&gt;anestesia&lt;/a&gt; o una lesión accidental. Ciertas personas corren más riesgo de complicaciones porque tienen otras afecciones médicas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su cirujano puede decirle cómo se va a sentir y qué puede - o no puede - hacer los primeros días, semanas o meses después de la cirugía. Algunas preguntas que usted puede hacer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuánto tiempo deberá permanecer en el hospital&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tipo de cosas, equipos y ayuda podría necesitar cuando vuelva a casa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuándo puede volver a trabajar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuándo puede volver a hacer ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Existen algunas otras cosas que no debe hacer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Seguir las recomendaciones de su cirujano puede ayudarle a recuperarse más rápidamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aftersurgery.html" id="5419" language="English">After Surgery</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html" id="2180">Cirugía</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cirugía, Después</see-reference>
<site title="Alistar la casa para cuando salga del hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000432.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Analgésicos después de una cirugía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20046452?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20046452?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajarse de la cama después de la cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000174.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000174.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bolsas de drenaje de orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/cirug%C3%ADa/cirug%C3%ADa" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/surgery/surgery">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor después de la cirugía: Medicamentos para el dolor" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/control-del-dolor-despues-de-la-cirugia-medicamentos-para-el-dolor/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pain-control-after-surgery-pain-medicines/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de heridas quirúrgicas abiertas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de heridas quirúrgicas cerradas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la incisión después de la cirugía" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-de-las-incisiones/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-your-incision-after-surgery/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda permanente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda suprapúbica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidarme: Guía para cuando salga del hospital" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/hospitals-clinics/goinghome-esp/goinghomesp.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/goinghomeguide.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta blanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta de líquidos claros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta líquida completa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000206.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje de succión cerrado con pera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Día de la cirugía en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Día de la cirugía para su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de heridas quirúrgicas: Tratamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007645.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007645.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiración profunda después de cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000440.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del dolor posquirúrgico en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000406.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tubo de drenaje Hemovac" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del espirómetro de incentivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000451.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los eosinófilos son un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Ayudan a combatir las infecciones y juegan un rol en las reacciones alérgicas. Diagnóstico y tipos." title="Desórdenes eosinofílicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicdisorders.html" id="4590" language="Spanish" date-created="12/07/2010">
<also-called>Eosinofilia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los eosinófilos son un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Ayudan a combatir las infecciones y juegan un rol en la respuesta inmunológica del cuerpo. También se pueden acumular y causar inflamación. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, la sangre no contiene un gran número de eosinófilos. El organismo puede producir más de ellos en respuesta a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos alérgicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Afecciones de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones de parásitos o micóticas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunos tipos de cáncer &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos de la médula ósea &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos cuadros, los eosinófilos pueden salir del torrente sanguíneo hacia algunos órganos y tejidos. Esto puede ocurrir en diferentes partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt;, corazón, pulmones, sangre e intestinos. El tratamiento puede variar, dependiendo de la causa y de la parte del cuerpo afectada. Con frecuencia, el tratamiento usa en parte &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicdisorders.html" id="4589" language="English">Eosinophilic Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Conteo absoluto de eosinófilos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003649.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eosinofilia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/eosinophilia/basics/definition/sym-20050752?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/eosinophilia/basics/definition/SYM-20050752?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinofilia pulmonar simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000105.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/esofagitis-eosinofilica-(ee)-eosinophilic-esophagi" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fascitis eosinofílica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000447.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/langerhans/paciente/tratamiento-langerhans-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/langerhans/patient/langerhans-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Churg-Strauss" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/sindrome-de-churg-strauss-(scs)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome hipereosinofílico" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/sindrome-hipereosinofilico-(she)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de los eosinófilos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos/trastornos-de-los-eosin%C3%B3filos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/white-blood-cell-disorders/eosinophilic-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas con deterioro cognitivo leve tienen más problemas de memoria que otras. Puede ser una señal de demencia. Entérese aquí." title="Deterioro cognitivo leve" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5742" language="Spanish" date-created="01/10/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Algunos olvidos pueden ser parte normal del envejecimiento. Sin embargo, algunas personas tienen más problemas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html"&gt;memoria&lt;/a&gt; que otras de su misma edad.  Esta es una afección llamada deterioro cognitivo leve. La gente con deterioro cognitivo leve puede cuidarse a sí misma y puede desarrollar sus actividades normalmente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de memoria del deterioro cognitivo leve pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Perder objetos frecuentemente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Olvidarse de ir a programas y citas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener más problemas para encontrar las palabras adecuadas en un momento dado que otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede  realizar pruebas de pensamiento, de memoria y del habla para determinar si usted sufre de deterioro cognitivo leve. También puede sugerirle consultar a un especialista para obtener más pruebas. Dado que el deterioro cognitivo leve puede ser una señal temprana de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;, es muy importante ver a su proveedor de cuidados de salud cada 6 a 12 meses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En este momento no hay un tratamiento efectivo contra el deterioro cognitivo leve. Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede ir examinando si aparece algún cambio en su memoria o  proceso intelectual en el transcurso del tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5741" language="English">Mild Cognitive Impairment</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<site title="Cuidado de los adultos con trastornos cognitivos y de la memoria" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-de-los-adultos-con-trastornos-cognitivos-y-de-la-memoria-caring-adults-cognitive/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deterioro cognitivo leve" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/symptoms-causes/syc-20354578?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/symptoms-causes/syc-20354578?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL)" url="https://www.alz.org/demencia-alzheimer/que-es-demencia/condiciones_relacionados/deterioro-cognitivo-leve" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/related_conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deterioro cognitivo leve: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354583?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/etapas?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/stages">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del estado mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantener la salud cognitiva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Memoria, olvido y envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/memoria/memoria-olvido-envejecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/memory-loss-and-forgetfulness/memory-problems-forgetfulness-and-aging">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutra su cerebro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutra-su-cerebro/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/nourish-your-brain/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cognitivas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-cognitivas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cognitive-testing/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el deterioro cognitivo leve?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/deterioro-cognitivo-leve" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/mild-cognitive-impairment">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Developmental disabilities can be physical, mental, or both. The problems are usually life-long, but therapy can help. Learn more." title="Developmental Disabilities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="209" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Developmental disabilities are severe, long-term problems. They may be physical, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;blindness&lt;/a&gt;.  They may affect mental ability, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;learning disabilities&lt;/a&gt;.  Or the problem can be both physical and mental, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. The problems are usually life-long, and can affect everyday living. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many causes of developmental disabilities, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetic or chromosome abnormalities. These cause conditions such as Down syndrome and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rettsyndrome.html"&gt;Rett syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prenatal exposure to substances. For example, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;drinking alcohol when pregnant&lt;/a&gt; can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;fetal alcohol spectrum disorders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infections in pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;Preterm birth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often there is no cure, but treatment can help the symptoms. Treatments include physical, speech, and occupational therapy. Special education classes and psychological counseling can also help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="1850" language="Spanish">Trastornos del desarrollo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002658">Developmental Disabilities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="153">Autism Spectrum Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html" id="527">Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html" id="217">Down Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html" id="306">Learning Disabilities</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mental Retardation</see-reference>
<site title="15q13.3 microdeletion: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/15q133-microdeletion">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="16p11.2 deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/16p112-deletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="16p11.2 duplication: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/16p112-duplication">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="16p12.2 microdeletion: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/16p122-microdeletion">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="17q12 deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/17q12-deletion-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="3p deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3p-deletion-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Acrocallosal syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/acrocallosal-syndrome">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ADNP syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adnp-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/allan-herndon-dudley-syndrome">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Alpha thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-thalassemia-x-linked-intellectual-disability-syndrome">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Aminoacylase 1 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aminoacylase-1-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Angelman syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007616.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Angelman Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/angelman-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Angelman syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/angelman-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Aspartylglucosaminuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aspartylglucosaminuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bannayan-riley-ruvalcaba-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Caring for a Person Who Has Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities" url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-a-person-who-has-intellectual-or-developmental-disabilities/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/atencion-en-casos-de-discapacidad-intelectual-o-del-desarrollo/?adfree=true">
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<site title="CASK-related intellectual disability: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cask-related-intellectual-disability">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="CDKL5 deficiency disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cdkl5-deficiency-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebro-facio-thoracic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Children with an Intellectual Disability" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-with-an-Intellectual-Disability-023.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Niños-que-son-Mentalmente-Retrasados-023.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
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<site title="CHOPS syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chops-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Christianson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/christianson-syndrome">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Developmental Disabilities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Developmental+Disabilities%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intellectual Disability" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intellectual+Disability%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Coffin-Lowry syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/coffin-lowry-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Coffin-Siris syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/coffin-siris-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cohen syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cohen-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Concerned about Your Child's Development?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/concerned.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/concerned.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Cornelia de Lange syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cornelia-de-lange-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Costello syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/costello-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cri du chat syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001593.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cri-du-chat syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cri-du-chat-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Developmental and Behavioral Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/developmental-and-epileptic-encephalopathy-1/">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Developmental coordination disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001533.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Developmental Disabilities &amp; Oral Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/developmental-disabilities" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/discapacidades-del-desarrollo">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Developmental Disability Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/about/developmental-disability-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/developmentaldisabilities/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Developmental Dyspraxia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/developmental-dyspraxia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Developmental Monitoring and Screening" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/DevelopmentalScreening.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Distal 18q deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/distal-18q-deletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Donnai-Barrow syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/donnai-barrow-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Emanuel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/emanuel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="FG syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fg-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="FOXG1 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/foxg1-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Fragile XE syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-xe-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Genitopatellar syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/genitopatellar-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="HIVEP2-related intellectual disability: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hivep2-related-intellectual-disability">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/idds/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="HSD10 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hsd10-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Intellectual disability" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001523.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Intellectual Disability" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/intellectual/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Center for Parent Information and Resources</organization>
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<site title="Jacobsen syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/jacobsen-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Kabuki syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kabuki-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kaufman-oculocerebrofacial-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="KBG syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kbg-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="KCNK9 imprinting syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kcnk9-imprinting-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Kleefstra syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kleefstra-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Koolen-de Vries syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/koolen-de-vries-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Learning about Cri du Chat Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Cri-du-Chat">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lowe syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lowe-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lujan syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lujan-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Mabry syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mabry-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="MBD5-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mbd5-associated-neurodevelopmental-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="MECP2 duplication syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mecp2-duplication-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="MED13L syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/med13l-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/microcephaly-capillary-malformation-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Monoamine oxidase A deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/monoamine-oxidase-a-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Mowat-Wilson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mowat-wilson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Mucolipidosis type IV: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mucolipidosis-type-iv">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neurodevelopmental-disorder-with-or-without-anomalies-of-the-brain-eye-or-heart">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ohdo syndrome, Maat-Kievit-Brunner type: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ohdo-syndrome-maat-kievit-brunner-type">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ohdo syndrome, Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson variant: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ohdo-syndrome-say-barber-biesecker-young-simpson-variant">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Overview of Early Intervention" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/ei-overview/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Center for Parent Information and Resources</organization>
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<site title="Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pallister-killian-mosaic-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Partington syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/partington-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Smith-Magenis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/smith-magenis-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Snyder-Robinson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/snyder-robinson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Speech-Language Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-therapy.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/syngap1-related-intellectual-disability">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Taking Your Child to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Tetrasomy 18p: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tetrasomy-18p">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="VACTERL association: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vacterl-association">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/idds/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Should I Do if I Think My Child Has an IDD?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo/cure" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/idds/informacion/cura">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="White-Sutton syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/white-sutton-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Act Early if You're Concerned about Development?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/whyActEarly.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/actearly/Por-que-debe-reaccionar-pronto.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Williams Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/williams-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Williams syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001116.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wolf-hirschhorn-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked intellectual disability, Siderius type: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-intellectual-disability-siderius-type">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Xia-Gibbs syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xia-gibbs-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Yuan-Harel-Lupski syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/yuan-harel-lupski-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diabetes is a chronic health condition in which your blood glucose levels are too high.  There is no cure, but diet, exercise, medications, and weight control can help." title="Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>DM</also-called>
<also-called>Diabetes mellitus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high.  Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy.  With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body does not make insulin.  With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood. You can also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;.  This means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes.  Having prediabetes puts you at a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;serious problems&lt;/a&gt;.    It can damage your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;eyes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html"&gt;kidneys&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;nerves&lt;/a&gt;. Diabetes can also cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, stroke and even the need to remove a limb. Pregnant women can also get diabetes, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;gestational diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blood tests can show if you have diabetes. One type of test, the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html"&gt;A1C&lt;/a&gt;, can also check on how you are managing your diabetes. Exercise, weight control and sticking to your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;meal plan&lt;/a&gt; can help control your diabetes. You should also monitor your blood glucose level and take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicine&lt;/a&gt; if prescribed. 
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851" language="Spanish">Diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003920">Diabetes Mellitus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetes.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308">A1C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1408">Diabetes and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026">Diabetes in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4935">Diabetes Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339">Diabetes Type 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930">Diabetes Type 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048">Diabetic Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1340">Diabetic Eye Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html" id="1341">Diabetic Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6011">Diabetic Heart Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1559">Diabetic Kidney Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1465">Diabetic Nerve Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html" id="6125">Hyperglycemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html" id="1264">Hypoglycemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html" id="1511">Islet Cell Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html" id="352">Pancreas Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html" id="5784">Prediabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes Mellitus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sugar Diabetes</see-reference>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/6q24-related-transient-neonatal-diabetes-mellitus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="A1C test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="A1C Test and Race/Ethnicity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="A1C: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ACE blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-insulin antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="At-Home Medical Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood sugar test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003482.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changing Your Habits for Better Health" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetes Mellitus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Terms" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/common-terms">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital generalized lipodystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-generalized-lipodystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/diabetes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/diabetes">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001214.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - keeping active" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - when you are sick" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Digestion" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/about-diabetes/prediabetes-and-digestion">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and DKA (Ketoacidosis)" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/ketoacidosis-dka/dka-ketoacidosis-ketones" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/cetoacidosis.html?loc=lwd-es-slabnav">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Mental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/mental-health.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/la-diabetes-y-la-salud-mental.html">
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<site title="Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/diabetes-in-america-3rd-edition">
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<site title="Diabetes in Older People" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/diabetes/diabetes-older-people" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/diabetes/diabetes-personas-mayores">
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<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Diabetes Interactive Atlas" url="https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/diabetes/DiabetesAtlas.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
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<site title="Diabetes Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Diabetes myths and facts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000964.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Diabetes tests and checkups" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Diabetes Tests and Diagnosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico">
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<site title="Diabetic Diet: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Familial partial lipodystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-partial-lipodystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/diabetes.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics of Diabetes" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/genetics-diabetes" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/informacion-basica-de-la-diabetes/aspectos-genticos-de-la-diabetes.html">
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<site title="Giving an insulin injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Glucagon Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucagon-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-glucagon/">
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<site title="Glucose tolerance test - non-pregnant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003466.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Glucose urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003581.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Healthy Living with Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/healthy-living-with-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/nutricion-alimentacion-actividad-fisica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Healthy Weight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/healthy-weight.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/peso-saludable.html">
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<site title="High blood sugar - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm">
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<site title="How to Prevent Diabetes: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">
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<site title="Immunizations for people with diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000331.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000331.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Ketones blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Ketones in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/">
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<site title="Ketones in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactic acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low blood sugar - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Diabetes in the Heat" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/articles/managing-diabetes-in-the-heat.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/maternally-inherited-diabetes-and-deafness">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Maturity-onset diabetes of the young: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/maturity-onset-diabetes-of-the-young">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monogenic Forms of Diabetes: Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus and Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/monogenic-neonatal-mellitus-mody">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Diabetes Statistics Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/resources/statistics-report.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="People at Higher Risk of Flu Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes:MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for surgery when you have diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Search Diabetes Educator Directory" url="https://nf01.diabeteseducator.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?Site=AADE&amp;WebCode=AADEDiaEduDirectory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up -- Diabetes: Five Ways to Be Active in Your Care at the Hospital" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/diabetes_brochure-5-15-2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/assetmanager/speakup_diabetes_spanishpdf.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surprising Truth about Prediabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/truth-about-prediabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC/DiabetesTipo2/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Take Diabetes to Heart" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/take-diabetes-heart-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/thiamine-responsive-megaloblastic-anemia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Traveling with Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/tips-for-traveling-with-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 Diabetes Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001214_3.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001214_63.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Type A insulin resistance syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-a-insulin-resistance-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations for Adults with Diabetes" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4043.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Diabetes?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wolfram syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wolfram-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Diabetes Care Team" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/diabetes-doctors.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La diabetes es una afección crónica de salud en la cual los niveles de glucosa de su sangre son demasiado altos. No hay cura, pero dieta, ejercicio y control de peso pueden ayudar." title="Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Diabetes de comienzo en la edad adulta</also-called>
<also-called>Diabetes no insulinodependiente</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La diabetes es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa (azúcar) de la sangre&lt;/a&gt; están muy altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre a las células para suministrarles energía. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, el cuerpo no produce insulina. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, la más común, el cuerpo no produce o no usa la insulina de manera adecuada. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa permanece en la sangre.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, el exceso de glucosa en la sangre puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;problemas serios&lt;/a&gt;. Puede dañar los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;ojos&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html"&gt;riñones&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;nervios&lt;/a&gt;. La diabetes también puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, derrames cerebrales y la necesidad de amputar un miembro. Las mujeres embarazadas también pueden desarrollar diabetes, llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes gestacional&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un análisis de sangre puede mostrar si tiene diabetes. Un tipo de prueba, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html"&gt;A1c&lt;/a&gt;, también puede comprobar cómo está manejando su diabetes. El ejercicio, el control de peso y respetar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;plan de comidas&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar a controlar la diabetes. También debe controlar el nivel de glucosa en sangre y, si tiene receta médica, tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4" language="English">Diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6662">Cómo prevenir la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6027">Diabetes en niños y adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985">Diabetes tipo 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931">Diabetes tipo 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1852">Diabetes y el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049">Dieta para diabéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html" id="6122">Glucosa en la sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html" id="6126">Hiperglucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html" id="1966">Hipoglucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4936">Medicinas para la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html" id="1854">Pie diabético</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html" id="5785">Prediabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1853">Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1855">Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1856">Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" id="6309">Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html" id="1984">Trasplante de células de los islotes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html" id="2073">Trasplante de páncreas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes mellitus no insulino-Dependiente</see-reference>
<see-reference>Diabetes tipo II</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de glucagón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-glucagon/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucagon-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aplicar una inyección de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cetoacidosis diabética" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cetoacidosis-diabetica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para viajar con diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/about/consejos-para-viajar-con-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes: Las nuevas tecnologías pueden hacer que sea más fácil" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-de-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/managing-diabetes">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando usted se enferma a causa de la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario de datos sobre la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001214_63.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001214_3.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales por nivel bajo de azúcar en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambiar sus hábitos para tener una mejor salud" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar la diabetes cuando hace calor" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/articles/manejar-la-diabetes-cuando-hace-calor.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar de manera segura los medidores de glucosa y las tiras reactivas para la diabetes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-usar-de-manera-segura-los-medidores-de-glucosa-y-las-tiras-reactivas-para-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-safely-use-glucose-meters-and-test-strips-diabetes">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001214.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes en las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/diabetes/diabetes-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/diabetes/diabetes-older-people">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y la salud mental" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/la-diabetes-y-la-salud-mental.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/mental-health.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes: Información sobre la enfermedad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/diabetes/informacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para diabéticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diez consejos para sobrellevar el distrés por la diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/articles/10-consejos-para-sobrellevar-el-distres-por-la-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equipo para el cuidado de la diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/treatment/su-equipo-de-cuidados.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de A1C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de anticuerpos antiinsulínicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003375.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003482.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del péptido C de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003701.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes y chequeos para la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperinsulinemia: ¿Es diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo con diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitos y realidades acerca de la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000964.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición, alimentación y actividad física si se tiene diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/nutricion-alimentacion-actividad-fisica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/healthy-living-with-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas con mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones a causa de la influenza" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peso saludable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/peso-saludable.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/healthy-weight.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prepararse para cirugía cuando tenga diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucose-in-urine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa en mujeres que no estén embarazadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003466.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas en caso de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000331.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000331.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la diabetes?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gestational Diabetes is diabetes developed during pregnancy. Women with Gestational Diabetes are at risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes later in life." title="Diabetes and Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1408" language="English" date-created="01/03/2001">
<also-called>Gestational diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high. When you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;, high blood sugar levels are not good for your baby.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About seven out of every 100 pregnant women in the United States get gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is diabetes that happens for the first time when a woman is pregnant. Most of the time, it goes away after you have your baby. But it does increase your risk for developing type 2 diabetes later on. Your child is also at risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most women get a test to check for diabetes during their second trimester of pregnancy. Women at higher risk may get a test earlier.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you already have diabetes, the best time to control your blood sugar is before you get pregnant. High blood sugar levels can be harmful to your baby during the first weeks of pregnancy - even before you know you are pregnant. To keep you and your baby healthy, it is important to keep your blood sugar as close to normal as possible before and during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Either type of diabetes during pregnancy increases the chances of problems for you and your baby. To help lower the chances talk to your health care team about:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A meal plan for your pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A safe exercise plan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How often to test your blood sugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicine&lt;/a&gt; as prescribed. Your medicine plan may need to change during pregnancy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1852" language="Spanish">Diabetes y el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011254">Pregnancy in Diabetics</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesandpregnancy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gestational Diabetes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy and Diabetes</see-reference>
<site title="About Gestational Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/gestational-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/about/acerca-de-la-diabetes-gestacional.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Am I at Risk for Gestational Diabetes?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/gestational_diabetes_2012.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breastfeeding May Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk among Women with Gestational Diabetes, NIH Study Suggests" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/breastfeeding-may-reduce-type-2-diabetes-risk-among-women-gestational-diabetes-nih-study-suggests">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetes, Gestational" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetes,+Gestational%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/pregnancy-diabetes/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Diet: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gestational diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000896.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gestational Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/gestational" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/gestacional">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gestational diabetes - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000598.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gestational diabetes diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007430.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gestational diabetes: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gestational-diabetes">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucose in Urine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucose-in-urine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucose screening tests during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007562.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant of diabetic mother" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001597.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metformin (Pregnancy)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/metformin-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-metformina/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy if You Have Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diabetes-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/embarazo-diabetes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gestational diabetes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy+in+Diabetics%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diabetes affects body functions. Complications include skin problems, digestive problems, sexual dysfunction, and problems with your teeth and gums." title="Diabetes Complications" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567" language="English" date-created="01/10/2008">
<also-called>Diabetic complications</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body does not make insulin. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What health problems can diabetes cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause complications, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;Eye disease&lt;/a&gt;, due to changes in fluid levels, swelling in the tissues, and damage to the blood vessels in the eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html"&gt;Foot problems&lt;/a&gt;, caused by damage to the nerves and reduced blood flow to your feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html"&gt;Gum disease&lt;/a&gt; and other dental problems, because a high amount of blood sugar in your saliva helps harmful bacteria grow in your mouth. The bacteria combine with food to form a soft, sticky film called plaque. Plaque also comes from eating foods that contain sugars or starches. Some types of plaque cause gum disease and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html"&gt;bad breath&lt;/a&gt;. Other types cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;tooth decay&lt;/a&gt; and cavities.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, caused by damage to your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart and blood vessels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html"&gt;Kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, due to damage to the blood vessels in your kidneys. Many people with diabetes develop &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;. That can also damage your kidneys.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;Nerve problems&lt;/a&gt; (diabetic neuropathy), caused by damage to the nerves and the small blood vessels that nourish your nerves with oxygen and nutrients&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sexual and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;bladder&lt;/a&gt; problems, caused by damage to the nerves and reduced blood flow in the genitals and bladder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html"&gt;Skin conditions&lt;/a&gt;, some of which are caused by changes in the small blood vessels and reduced circulation. People with diabetes are also more likely to have infections, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html"&gt;skin infections&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can people with diabetes have?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, you need to watch out for blood sugar levels that are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html"&gt;very high&lt;/a&gt; (hyperglycemia) or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html"&gt;very low&lt;/a&gt; (hypoglycemia). These can happen quickly and can become dangerous. Some of the causes include having another illness or infection and certain medicines. They can also happen if you don't get the right amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;diabetes medicines&lt;/a&gt;. To try to prevent these problems, make sure to take your diabetes medicines correctly, follow your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;diabetic diet&lt;/a&gt;, and check your blood sugar regularly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568" language="Spanish">Complicaciones de la diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D048909">Diabetes Complications</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetescomplications.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1408">Diabetes and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026">Diabetes in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339">Diabetes Type 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930">Diabetes Type 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1340">Diabetic Eye Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html" id="1341">Diabetic Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6011">Diabetic Heart Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1559">Diabetic Kidney Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1465">Diabetic Nerve Problems</related-topic>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone and Joint Problems Associated with Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/ART-20049314?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/art-20049314?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetes Complications" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetes+Complications%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes &amp; Oral Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-diabetes-y-la-salud-oral">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - preventing heart attack and stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes -- Know When to Go to the ER" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/diabetes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and DKA (Ketoacidosis)" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/ketoacidosis-dka/dka-ketoacidosis-ketones" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/cetoacidosis.html?loc=lwd-es-slabnav">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and High Blood Pressure" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/high-blood-pressure" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/usted-corre-el-riesgo/reduzca-su-riesgo/presin-alta.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Skin Complications" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/skin-complications" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/complicaciones-en-la-piel.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/diabetes-and-women-1.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/risk-factors/la-diabetes-y-las-mujeres.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Care: 10 Ways to Avoid Diabetes Complications" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/ART-20045803?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/art-20045803?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/complications/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/complications/complicaciones-de-la-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Gum Disease, and Other Dental Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/gum-disease-dental-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/boca">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Stroke" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/diabetes-enfermedades-cardiacas-accidentes-cerebrovasculares">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Sexual, and Bladder Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/sexual-bladder-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/sexuales-urologicos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes: Dental Tips" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/Diabetes-Dental-Tips.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Coma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-coma/symptoms-causes/syc-20371475?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Dermopathy" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/diabetic-dermopathy?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000304.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Hypoglycemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic ketoacidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000320.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Ketoacidosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371551?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://diabetes.org/health-wellness/sexual-health/erectile-disfunction" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/tratamiento-y-cuidado/la-salud-del-hombre/disfuncin-erctil.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eruptive xanthomatosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007746.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000297.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroparesia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Weight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/healthy-weight.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/peso-saludable.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperglycemia in Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ketones blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ketones in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketones in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketones urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long-term complications of diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000327.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manage Blood Sugar" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/treatment/manejo-de-los-niveles-de-azucar-en-la-sangre.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007742.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potassium urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003600.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Complications" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Complications%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scleredema diabeticorum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007749.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Steps to Prevent or Delay Nerve Damage" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/neuropathy/steps-prevent-or-delay-nerve-damage">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Niños y adolescentes pueden tener diabetes tipo 1 y diabetes tipo 2. Síntomas y tratamiento aquí." title="Diabetes en niños y adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6027" language="Spanish" date-created="07/30/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hasta hace poco, la diabetes más común en niños y adolescentes era la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;tipo 1&lt;/a&gt; conocida también como diabetes juvenil. En este tipo de diabetes, el páncreas no produce insulina, que es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células para darles energía. Sin insulina, demasiada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar&lt;/a&gt; queda en la sangre.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hoy en día más personas jóvenes tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;. A esta diabetes se la solía llamar diabetes del adulto, pero ahora es también común en niños y adolescentes debido a una mayor &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;. En la diabetes tipo 2, el cuerpo no produce o no usa la insulina adecuadamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños y adolescentes están en mayor riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 si tienen sobrepeso u obesidad, tienen antecedentes familiares de diabetes o no hacen ejercicio. Los niños que son afroamericanos, hispanos, indios americanos / nativos de Alaska, asiáticoamericanos o isleños del Pacífico también tienen un riesgo más alto. Para disminuir el riesgo de diabetes 2 en niños y adolescentes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayúdeles a mantener un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese que hagan ejercicio y se mantengan activos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sírvales porciones pequeñas de alimentos saludables y nutritivos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limite el tiempo que pasan frente al televisor, computadora o videos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 pueden necesitar insulina. La diabetes tipo 2 puede ser controlada con dieta y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html"&gt;ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;.  Si eso no es suficiente, necesitarán tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt; orales o insulina. Un análisis de sangre llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html"&gt;A1c&lt;/a&gt; puede comprobar cómo está manejando su diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026" language="English">Diabetes in Children and Teens</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985">Diabetes tipo 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931">Diabetes tipo 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049">Dieta para diabéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4936">Medicinas para la diabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescentes, Diabetes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Diabetes</see-reference>
<site title="Acantosis nigricans" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acanthosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acanthosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplicar una inyección de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de la diabetes en niños y adolescentes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aumento-de-la-diabetes-en-ninos-y-adolescentes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos y la diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/carb-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/carbs-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comiendo afuera cuando su hijo tiene diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eating-out-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eating-out-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprender la diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-diabetes-video.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-diabetes-video.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de carbohidratos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes: por qué es importante (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diabetes-control.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diabetes-control.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando usted se enferma a causa de la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario de datos sobre la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001214_63.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001214_3.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001214.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1: ¿Cuál es el tratamiento?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/treating-type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/treating-type1.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1: ¿Qué es?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/type1.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1: ¿Qué es?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/type1.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000313.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 2: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 2: ¿Qué tan saludable es su estilo de vida?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000313_104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000313_57.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes: Cómo afrontar los sentimientos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feelings-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feelings-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes: Cómo afrontar los sentimientos (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feelings-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feelings-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de A1C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003482.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de microalbuminuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003591.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del péptido C de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003701.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer más llevaderos los pinchazos en los dedos y las inyecciones de insulina en los niños con diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/injections-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/injections-tests.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia y la diabetes (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hyperglycemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/high-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir a la escuela cuando tienes diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/school-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/school-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de la diabetes en la escuela" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/caring/manejo-de-la-diabetes-en-la-escuela.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/managing-diabetes-at-school.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo con diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la diabetes (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/medicines-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/medicines-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planes de alimentación y la diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meal-plans-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meal-plans-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planes de alimentación: Lo que deben saber los niños con diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/meal-plans-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/meal-plans-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planificación de las comidas para la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007429.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir la diabetes tipo 2 en los niños" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/prevenir-la-diabetes-tipo-2-en-los-ninos.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa en mujeres que no estén embarazadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003466.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de hipoglucémicos orales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002588.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar refrigerios cuando se tiene diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/treating-type2.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/treating-type2.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratar la diabetes tipo 1 (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/treating-type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/treating-type1.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 2?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/type2.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/type2.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Children and teens can get Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Learn the differences between the two." title="Diabetes in Children and Teens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026" language="English" date-created="07/02/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Until recently, the common type of diabetes in children and teens was &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1&lt;/a&gt;. It was called juvenile diabetes. With Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose,or sugar, get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;sugar&lt;/a&gt; stays in the blood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Now younger people are also getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.  Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes. But now it is becoming more common in children and teens, due to more &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;. With Type 2 diabetes, the body does not make or use insulin well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes if they  are overweight or have obesity, have a family history of diabetes, or are not active. Children who are African American, Hispanic, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian American, or Pacific Islander also have a higher risk. To lower the risk of type 2 diabetes in children:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have them maintain a healthy weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be sure they are physically active&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have them eat smaller portions of healthy foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limit time with the TV, computer, and video&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children and teens with type 1 diabetes may need to take insulin. Type 2 diabetes may be  controlled with diet and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html"&gt;exercise&lt;/a&gt;. If not, patients will need to take oral &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;diabetes medicines&lt;/a&gt; or insulin. A blood test called the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html"&gt;A1C&lt;/a&gt; can check on how you are managing your diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6027" language="Spanish">Diabetes en niños y adolescentes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003920">Diabetes Mellitus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308">A1C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4935">Diabetes Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339">Diabetes Type 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930">Diabetes Type 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048">Diabetic Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html" id="5784">Prediabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Children and Diabetes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Teens and Diabetes</see-reference>
<site title="A1C test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="A1C: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acanthosis Nigricans" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acanthosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acanthosis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood sugar test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003482.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohydrates and Diabetes (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/carbs-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/carb-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetes in Children and Teens" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=diabetes&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Counting carbohydrates" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001214.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - keeping active" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - when you are sick" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes -- Know When to Go to the ER" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/diabetes">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests and Diagnosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes type 2 - meal planning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007429.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giving an insulin injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose tolerance test - non-pregnant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003466.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003581.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="High blood sugar - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stay Healthy With Type 1 Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/treating-type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/treating-type1.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin C-peptide test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003701.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ketones blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ketones in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketones in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketones urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Making Fingersticks and Insulin Shots Easier for Kids With Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/injections-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/injections-tests.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Blood Sugars When Your Child Has Type 1 Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diabetes-control.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diabetes-control.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meal Plans and Diabetes (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meal-plans-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meal-plans-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines for Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/medicines-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/medicines-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microalbuminuria test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003591.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monogenic Forms of Diabetes: Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus and Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/monogenic-neonatal-mellitus-mody">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral hypoglycemics overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Kids" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/type-2-diabetes-in-kids.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes in Children and Teens" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Snacking when you have diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sweeteners - sugar substitutes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007492.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/treating-type2.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/treating-type2.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Two Diabetes Medications Don't Slow Progression of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/two-diabetes-medications-dont-slow-progression-type-2-diabetes-youth">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Type 1 diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000305.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 1 Diabetes: What Is It?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/type1.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 diabetes - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 diabetes - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 Diabetes Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001214_3.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001214_63.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 Diabetes: What Is It?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/type2.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/type2.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-diabetes-video.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-diabetes-video.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diabetes insipidus (DI) causes frequent urination. Read about DI's associated urination cycle and how your kidneys handle the fluids" title="Diabetes Insipidus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinsipidus.html" id="3046" language="English" date-created="03/04/2003">
<also-called>DI</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Diabetes insipidus (DI) causes frequent urination. You become extremely thirsty, so you drink. Then you urinate. This cycle can keep you from sleeping or even make you wet the bed. Your body produces lots of urine that is almost all water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;DI is different from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; mellitus (DM), which involves insulin problems and high blood sugar. The symptoms can be similar. However, DI is related to how your kidneys handle fluids. It's much less common than DM. Urine and blood tests can show which one you have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usually, DI is caused by a problem with your pituitary gland or your kidneys. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem.  Medicines can often help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinsipidus.html" id="3047" language="Spanish">Diabetes insípida</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003919">Diabetes Insipidus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinsipidus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html" id="362">Pituitary Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Antidiuretic hormone blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003702.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central diabetes insipidus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000460.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetes Insipidus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetes+Insipidus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Insipidus" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/diabetes-insipidus" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/diabetes-insipida">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Insipidus" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes insipidus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000377.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000511.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginine-vasopressin-resistance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginine-vasopressin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osmolality Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/osmolality-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-osmolalidad/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Insipidus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Insipidus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sodium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sodium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sodio-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thirst - excessive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003085.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine 24-hour volume" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine concentration test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003608.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wolfram syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wolfram-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La diabetes insípida es distinta a la diabetes mellitus. Algunos síntomas son sed y orinar muy seguido. Entérese sobre los distintos tipos y síntomas" title="Diabetes insípida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinsipidus.html" id="3047" language="Spanish" date-created="03/04/2003">
<also-called>Diabetes del agua</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La diabetes insípida causa deseos de orinar muy seguido. Las personas con diabetes insípida tienen mucha sed. Entonces toman muchos líquidos. Esto es lo que causa que estas personas sientan deseos de ir al baño tan seguido. El ciclo puede impedirles dormir o inclusive hasta orinarse en la cama. El cuerpo produce una gran cantidad de orina que es casi pura agua. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La diabetes insípida es distinta de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; mellitus (DM), que implica problemas con la insulina y altos niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Los síntomas pueden ser similares. Sin embargo, la diabetes insípida se relaciona con la forma en la cual los riñones manejan los líquidos. Es mucho menos común que la mellitus. Los exámenes de orina y de sangre pueden revelar cuál es su caso. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, la diabetes insípida es causada por un problema con la glándula pituitaria o los riñones. El tratamiento varía dependiendo de la causa del problema. Las medicinas suelen ser de ayuda. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinsipidus.html" id="3046" language="English">Diabetes Insipidus</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html" id="2091">Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria</related-topic>
<site title="Diabetes insípida" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/diabetes-insipida-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/diabetes-insipidus.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes insípida" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/diabetes-insipida" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/diabetes-insipidus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Endocrinología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes insípida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000377.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes insípida central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000460.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes insípida nefrógena" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000511.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona antidiurética en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003702.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la concentración de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003608.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sodio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sodio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sodium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de osmolalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-osmolalidad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/osmolality-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sed excesiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003085.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volumen urinario en 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diabetes medicines can help to control your Diabetes. The right medicines depend on factors such as the type of Diabetes you have." title="Diabetes Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4935" language="English" date-created="02/26/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.&lt;/p&gt; 

With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body does not make insulin. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;,your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for diabetes can depend on the type. Common treatments include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;diabetic meal plan&lt;/a&gt;, regular physical activity, and medicines. Some less common treatments are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;weight loss surgery&lt;/a&gt; for either type and an artificial pancreas or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html"&gt;pancreatic islet transplantation&lt;/a&gt; for some people with type 1 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs diabetes medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with type 1 diabetes need to take a diabetes medicine called insulin to control their blood sugar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood sugar with healthy food choices and physical activity. But for others, a diabetic meal plan and physical activity are not enough. They need to take diabetes medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The kind of medicine you take depends on your type of diabetes, daily schedule, medicine costs, and any other health conditions that you have. Over time, you may need to take more than one diabetes medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of medicines for type 1 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin because your body no longer makes it. There are different types of insulin that start to work at different speeds, and the effects of each last a different length of time. Your health care provider will measure your blood glucose to decide on the type of insulin. You may need to use more than one type.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;You will also need to check your blood sugar at home.  Your provider will tell you how often. The results of your blood sugar testing can help you make decisions about food, physical activity, and medicines.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;You can take insulin several different ways. The most common are with a needle and syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. If you use a needle and syringe or a pen, you have to take insulin several times during the day, including with meals. An insulin pump gives you small, steady doses throughout the day. Less common ways to take insulin include inhalers, injection ports, and jet injectors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, taking insulin alone might not be enough to manage your blood sugar. Then you would need to take another diabetes medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of medicines for type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different medicines for type 2 diabetes. Each works in a different way. Many of them are pills. There are also medicines that you inject under your skin, such as insulin.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Over time, you may need more than one diabetes medicine to manage your blood sugar. You might add another diabetes medicine or switch to a combination medicine.  A combination medicine contains more than one type of diabetes medicine in the same pill. Some people with type 2 diabetes take both pills and injections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even if you don't usually take insulin, you may need it at special times, such as during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; or if you are in the hospital.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What else should I know about taking medicines for diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Even if you take medicines for diabetes, you still need to eat a healthy diet, stop smoking, take your other medicines, and get regular physical activity. These will help you manage your diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to make sure that you understand your diabetes treatment plan. Talk to your provider about:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What your target blood sugar level is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What to do if your blood sugar gets too low or too high&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether your diabetes medicines will affect other medicines you take&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you will have any side effects from the diabetes medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should not change or stop your diabetes medicines on your own. Talk to your provider first.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4936" language="Spanish">Medicinas para la diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061385">Insulins</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007004">Hypoglycemic Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007328">Insulin</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetesmedicines.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026">Diabetes in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339">Diabetes Type 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930">Diabetes Type 2</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hypoglycemic Medicines</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insulin</see-reference>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Best Way to Get Rid of Used Needles and Other Sharps" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel/best-way-get-rid-used-needles-and-other-sharps" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel/la-mejor-forma-de-desechar-agujas-usadas-y-otros-objetos-punzantes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beware of Illegally Marketed Diabetes Treatments, Fraudulent Pharmacies" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-illegally-marketed-diabetes-treatments-fraudulent-pharmacies" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-los-tratamientos-que-se-comercializan-ilegalmente-para-la-diabetes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypoglycemic Agents" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Hypoglycemic+Agents%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Insulin" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Insulin%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - insulin therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000965.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000965.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Medications" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/prevention--treatment-of-diabetes/diabetes-medications">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Treatment: Medications for Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-treatment/art-20051004?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-treatment/art-20051004?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Treatments" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/diabetes-treatments">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dos and Don'ts of Proper Sharps Disposal" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel/dos-and-donts-proper-sharps-disposal">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Giving an insulin injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="GLP-1 Agonists: Diabetes Drugs and Weight Loss" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/byetta/FAQ-20057955?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/byetta/faq-20057955?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/insulin">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insulin and Weight Gain: Keep the Pounds Off" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/insulin-and-weight-gain/ART-20047836?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/insulin-and-weight-gain/art-20047836?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin pumps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000963.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin Pumps: Relief and Choice" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/devices-technology/insulin-pumps-relief-and-choice" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/tratamiento-y-cuidado/medicamentos/insulina/bombas-de-insulina.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin Therapy" url="https://familydoctor.org/insulin-therapy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/terapia-con-insulina/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin, Medicines, and Other Diabetes Treatments" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/insulin-medicines-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/insulina-medicamentos-tratamientos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactic acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low blood sugar - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral hypoglycemics overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002588.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Medicines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insulin%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hypoglycemic+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Insulins%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Two Diabetes Medications Don't Slow Progression of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/two-diabetes-medications-dont-slow-progression-type-2-diabetes-youth">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Insulin" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/how-to-use-insulin.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Diabetes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-diabetes">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women and Diabetes -- Diabetes Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-diabetes-diabetes-medicines">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La diabetes mellitus es un grupo de enfermedades en donde los niveles de azúcar están muy altos. En la diabetes tipo 1, el páncreas no produce insulina." title="Diabetes tipo 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Diabetes insulinodependiente</also-called>
<also-called>Diabetes juvenil</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; indica que el nivel de glucosa, o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar&lt;/a&gt;, se encuentra muy elevado en la sangre. En la diabetes tipo 1, el páncreas no produce insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa penetre en las células para suministrarles energía. Sin la insulina, hay un exceso de glucosa que permanece en la sangre. Con el tiempo, los altos niveles de glucosa en la sangre pueden causarle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;problemas serios&lt;/a&gt; en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;corazón&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;ojos&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html"&gt;riñones&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;nervios&lt;/a&gt;, las encías y los dientes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La diabetes tipo 1 ocurre con mayor frecuencia en los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt; y adultos jóvenes, pero puede aparecer a cualquier edad. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mucha sed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orinar frecuentemente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentir mucha hambre o cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin razón aparente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presencia de llagas que tardan en sanar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel seca y picazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de la sensación u hormigueo en los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vista borrosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un análisis de sangre puede mostrar si tiene diabetes. De ser así, deberá tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;insulina&lt;/a&gt; el resto de su vida. Un análisis de sangre llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html"&gt;A1c&lt;/a&gt; puede comprobar cómo está manejando su diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339" language="English">Diabetes Type 1</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931">Diabetes tipo 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049">Dieta para diabéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4936">Medicinas para la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" id="6309">Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes juvenil</see-reference>
<see-reference>Diabetes mellitus insulino-dependiente</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos antitiroglobulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003557.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplicar una inyección de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a su pequeño deportista con diabetes tipo 1" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/athlete-type1-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/athlete-type1-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cetoacidosis diabética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando usted se enferma a causa de la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales por nivel bajo de azúcar en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambiar sus hábitos para tener una mejor salud" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes en niños y adolescentes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/diabetes-tipo-1" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/type-1-diabetes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/diabetes-tipo-1-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/type-1-diabetes-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1: ¿Qué es?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/type1.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equipo para el cuidado de la diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/treatment/su-equipo-de-cuidados.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eric Paslay no omite una sola nota al vivir con diabetes tipo 1" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/eric-paslay-no-omite-una-sola-nota-al-vivir-con-diabetes-tipo-1" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/eric-paslay-doesnt-miss-a-note-living-with-type-1-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de A1C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de anticuerpos antiinsulínicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003375.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes y chequeos para la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fármaco retrasa el inicio de la diabetes tipo 1" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/farmaco-retrasa-el-inicio-de-la-diabetes-tipo-1" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/05/drug-delays-onset-type-1-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fórmula infantil no relacionada con la diabetes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/formula-infantil-no-relacionada-con-la-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo con diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición, alimentación y actividad física si se tiene diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/nutricion-alimentacion-actividad-fisica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/healthy-living-with-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucose-in-urine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa en mujeres que no estén embarazadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003466.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia experimental resulta promisoria para los pacientes con diabetes tipo 1" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/terapia-experimental-resulta-promisoria-para-los-pacientes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de células de los islotes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de páncreas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la diabetes?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La diabetes mellitus es un grupo de enfermedades. En la diabetes tipo 2 el cuerpo no produce o no usa bien la insulina. Síntomas y manejo aquí." title="Diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931" language="Spanish" date-created="01/04/2012">
<also-called>Diabetes de aparición en adultos</also-called>
<also-called>Diabetes no insulinodependiente</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; tipo 2 es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa o azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt; son demasiado altos. La glucosa es su principal fuente de energía. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para brindarles energía. Si tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina o no la usa bien. Luego, la glucosa permanece en la sangre y no ingresa lo suficiente a las células.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;problemas de salud&lt;/a&gt;. Sin embargo, se pueden tomar medidas para controlar la diabetes y tratar de prevenir estos problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La diabetes tipo 2 puede deberse a una combinación de factores:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;No hacer actividad física&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genética e historia familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la diabetes tipo 2 comienza con resistencia a la insulina. Esta es una afección en la que sus células no responden normalmente a la insulina. Como resultado, su cuerpo necesita más insulina para ayudar a que la glucosa ingrese a las células. Al principio, su cuerpo produce más insulina para tratar de que las células respondan. Pero con el tiempo, su cuerpo no puede producir suficiente insulina y sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre aumentan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes tienen riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 es más alto si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es mayor de 45 años: Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;niños, adolescentes&lt;/a&gt; y los adultos jóvenes pueden tener diabetes tipo 2, pero es más común en personas de mediana edad y mayores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;: Esto significa que su nivel de azúcar en sangre es más alto de lo normal, pero no lo suficientemente alto como para que sea diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tuvo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; o dio a luz a un bebé que pesaba 9 libras o más&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Es afroamericano, hispano o latino, indio americano, asiático americano o de las islas del Pacífico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No hace ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene otras afecciones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786"&gt;colesterol bueno (HDL)&lt;/a&gt; bajo y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt; altos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene acantosis nigricans: Piel oscura, gruesa y aterciopelada alrededor del cuello o las axilas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas con diabetes tipo 2 no presentan ningún síntoma. Si los tiene, los síntomas se desarrollan lentamente durante varios años. Pueden ser tan leves que no los note. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento de la sed y la micción&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento del hambre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Sensación de cansancio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Visión borrosa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento u hormigueo en los pies o las manos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Llagas que no cicatrizan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud realizará análisis de sangre para diagnosticar la diabetes tipo 2. Los análisis de sangre incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html"&gt;Prueba de A1c&lt;/a&gt;: Mide su nivel promedio de azúcar en sangre durante los últimos 3 meses&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prueba de glucosa plasmática en ayunas: Mide su nivel actual de azúcar en sangre. Debe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ayuno-para-examenes-de-sangre/"&gt;ayunar &lt;/a&gt; (no comer ni beber nada excepto agua) durante al menos 8 horas antes de la prueba&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prueba aleatoria de glucosa en plasma: Mide su nivel actual de azúcar en sangre. Se usa cuando usted tiene síntomas de diabetes y el profesional de la salud no quiere esperar a que ayune antes de realizarse la prueba&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la diabetes tipo 2 implica controlar sus niveles de azúcar en sangre. Muchas personas pueden lograrlo con un estilo de vida saludable. Es posible que algunas personas también necesiten tomar medicamentos.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un estilo de vida saludable incluye seguir un plan de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;alimentación saludable&lt;/a&gt; y realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física&lt;/a&gt; con regularidad. Debe aprender a equilibrar lo que come y bebe con la actividad física y los medicamentos para la diabetes, si los toma&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt; incluyen medicinas orales, insulina y otros medicamentos inyectables. Con el tiempo, algunas personas necesitarán tomar más de un tipo de fármaco para controlar su diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Deberá controlar su nivel de azúcar en sangre con regularidad. Su profesional de la salud le dirá con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;También es importante mantener la presión arterial y sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;niveles de colesterol&lt;/a&gt; en el rango establecido por su médico para usted. Asegúrese de hacerse las pruebas de detección con regularidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede tomar medidas para ayudar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html"&gt;prevenir&lt;/a&gt; o retrasar la diabetes tipo 2 al bajar de peso si tiene sobrepeso, consumir menos calorías y hacer más actividad física. Si tiene una afección que aumenta su riesgo de diabetes tipo 2, controlar esa afección puede reducir su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930" language="English">Diabetes Type 2</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6662">Cómo prevenir la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985">Diabetes tipo 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049">Dieta para diabéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4936">Medicinas para la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html" id="5785">Prediabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" id="6309">Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c)</related-topic>
<site title="Acantosis pigmentaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplicar una inyección de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprende a vivir (videonovela de tres episodios acerca de la diabetes tipo 2)" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ce0-wj09LyU&amp;ab_channel=AHRQHealthTV">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayuno intermitente y la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-ayuno-intermitente-y-la-diabetes-tipo-2" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/intermittent-fasting-type-2-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambiar sus hábitos para tener una mejor salud" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes en las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/diabetes/diabetes-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/diabetes/diabetes-older-people">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes en niños y adolescentes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000313.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 2: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 2: ¿Qué tan saludable es su estilo de vida?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000313_104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000313_57.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y la salud mental" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/la-diabetes-y-la-salud-mental.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/mental-health.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los suplementos dietéticos" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-diabetes-y-los-suplementos-dieteticos-en-detalles" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/diabetes-and-dietary-supplements-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para diabéticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Equipo para el cuidado de la diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/treatment/su-equipo-de-cuidados.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de A1C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/insulina-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/insulin-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamento para la diabetes podría reducir el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-medicamento-para-la-diabetes-podria-reducir-el-riesgo-de" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/diabetes-drug-may-reduce-colorectal-cancer-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peso saludable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/peso-saludable.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/healthy-weight.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planificación de las comidas para la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007429.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/prevenir-la-diabetes-tipo-2.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cetonas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la diabetes?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If the pancreas doesn't make needed insulin, causing blood sugar levels to be too high you have type 1 or juvenile diabetes. Learn the signs." title="Diabetes Type 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339" language="English" date-created="08/28/2000">
<also-called>Insulin-dependent diabetes</also-called>
<also-called>Juvenile diabetes</also-called>
<also-called>Type I diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; means your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too 
high.  With type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that 
helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much glucose 
stays in your blood.  Over time, high blood glucose can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;serious problems&lt;/a&gt; with your 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;eyes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html"&gt;kidneys&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;nerves&lt;/a&gt;, and gums and teeth. &lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Type 1 diabetes happens most often in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt; and young adults but can appear at any 
age. Symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Being very thirsty &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Urinating often &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Feeling very hungry or tired &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Losing weight without trying &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Having sores that heal slowly &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Having dry, itchy skin &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Losing the feeling in your feet or having tingling in your feet &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Having blurry eyesight &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blood test can show if you have diabetes. If you do, you will need to take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;insulin&lt;/a&gt; for 
the rest of your life. A blood test called the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html"&gt;A1C&lt;/a&gt; can check to see how well you are managing your diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985" language="Spanish">Diabetes tipo 1</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003922">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype1.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308">A1C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026">Diabetes in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4935">Diabetes Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930">Diabetes Type 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048">Diabetic Diet</related-topic>
<see-reference>Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Juvenile Diabetes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Type 1 Diabetes</see-reference>
<site title="A1C test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="A1C: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-insulin antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antithyroglobulin antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003557.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Changing Your Habits for Better Health" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetes+Mellitus,+Type+1%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - keeping active" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000084.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - when you are sick" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000079.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Celiac Disease" url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/17/diabetes-and-celiac-disease/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000083.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/diabetes-in-america-3rd-edition">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tests and checkups" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000082.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests and Diagnosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic ketoacidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000320.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders and Diabetes" url="https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/eating-disorders-and-diabetes/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Eating Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eric Paslay Doesn't Miss a Note Living with Type 1 Diabetes" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/eric-paslay-doesnt-miss-a-note-living-with-type-1-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/eric-paslay-no-omite-una-sola-nota-al-vivir-con-diabetes-tipo-1">
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<site title="Helping Your Young Athlete with Type 1 Diabetes (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/athlete-type1-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/athlete-type1-diabetes.html">
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<site title="Managing Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida">
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<site title="National Diabetes Statistics Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/resources/statistics-report.html">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="National Eating Disorders Association" url="https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/">
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<organization>National Eating Disorders Association</organization>
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<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pancreas Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Diabetes Type 1" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Search Diabetes Educator Directory" url="https://nf01.diabeteseducator.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?Site=AADE&amp;WebCode=AADEDiaEduDirectory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up -- Diabetes: Five Ways to Be Active in Your Care at the Hospital" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/diabetes_brochure-5-15-2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/assetmanager/speakup_diabetes_spanishpdf.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Type 1 Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353011?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Type 1 Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/type-1-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/diabetes-tipo-1">
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<site title="Type 1 diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000305.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Type 1 diabetes: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-1-diabetes">
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<site title="Type 1 Diabetes: What Is It?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/type1.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/type1.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Type 1 Diabetes: What You Need To Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/type-1-diabetes-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/diabetes-tipo-1-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
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<site title="Understanding Type 1 Diabetes" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/type-1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
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<site title="What is Diabetes?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<site title="Your Diabetes Care Team" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/diabetes-doctors.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Type 2 Diabetes, previously referred to as Adult Onset Diabetes, is the more common type. Risk factors include obesity and family history." title="Diabetes Type 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930" language="English" date-created="12/05/2011">
<also-called>Type 2 Diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Type 2 &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high. Glucose is your main source of energy. It comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or doesn't use insulin well. The glucose then stays in your blood and not enough goes into your cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;health problems&lt;/a&gt;. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Type 2 diabetes may be caused by a combination of factors:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Not being physically active&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes/#causes"&gt;Genetics&lt;/a&gt; and family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Type 2 diabetes usually starts with insulin resistance. This is a condition in which your cells don't respond normally to insulin. As a result, your body needs more insulin to help the glucose enter your cells. At first, your body makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond. But over time, your body can't make enough insulin, and your blood glucose levels rise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Are over age 45. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;Children, teenagers&lt;/a&gt;, and younger adults can get type 2 diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older people.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;, which means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes in pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; or gave birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are overweight or have obesity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are not physically active&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have other conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PCOS), or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have low &lt;a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6785"&gt;HDL (good) cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; and high &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglycerides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have acanthosis nigricans - dark, thick, and velvety skin around your neck or armpits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at all. If you do have them, the symptoms develop slowly over several years. They might be so mild that you do not notice them. The symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased thirst and urination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased hunger&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Feeling tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Blurred vision&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sores that do not heal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unexplained weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider will use blood tests to diagnose type 2 diabetes. The blood tests include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html"&gt;A1C test&lt;/a&gt;, which measures your average blood sugar level over the past 3 months&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, which measures your current blood sugar level. You need to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/"&gt;fast&lt;/a&gt; (not eat or drink anything except water) for at least 8 hours before the test.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Random plasma glucose (RPG) test, which measures your current blood sugar level. This test is used when you have diabetes symptoms and the provider does not want to wait for you to fast before having the test.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for type 2 diabetes involves managing your blood sugar levels. Many people are able to do this by living a healthy lifestyle. Some people may also need to take medicine.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A healthy lifestyle includes following a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;healthy eating plan&lt;/a&gt; and getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;. You need to learn how to balance what you eat and drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine, if you take any.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;Medicines&lt;/a&gt; for diabetes include oral medicines, insulin, and other injectable medicines. Over time, some people will need to take more than one type of medicine to control their diabetes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You will need to check your blood sugar regularly. Your health care provider will tell you how often you need to do it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It's also important to keep your blood pressure and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt; close to the targets your provider sets for you. Make sure to get your screening tests regularly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can type 2 diabetes be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can take steps to help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html"&gt;prevent&lt;/a&gt; or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. If you have a condition which raises your risk for type 2 diabetes, managing that condition may lower your risk of getting type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931" language="Spanish">Diabetes tipo 2</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003924">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetestype2.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308">A1C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026">Diabetes in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4935">Diabetes Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339">Diabetes Type 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048">Diabetic Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6661">How to Prevent Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html" id="5784">Prediabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sugar Diabetes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Type II Diabetes</see-reference>
<site title="5 Things To Know About Type 2 Diabetes and Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-type-diabetes-and-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="A1C test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="A1C: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acanthosis Nigricans" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changing Your Habits for Better Health" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetes+Mellitus,+Type+2%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/diabetes">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/diabetes">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/diabetes-and-dietary-supplements-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-diabetes-y-los-suplementos-dieteticos-en-detalles">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Mental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/mental-health.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/la-diabetes-y-la-salud-mental.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Drug May Reduce Colorectal Cancer Risk" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/diabetes-drug-may-reduce-colorectal-cancer-risk" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-medicamento-para-la-diabetes-podria-reducir-el-riesgo-de">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/diabetes-in-america-3rd-edition">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes in Older People" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/diabetes/diabetes-older-people" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/diabetes/diabetes-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests and Diagnosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes type 2 - meal planning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007429.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Diet: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Lifestyle Change Program" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention/lifestyle-change-program/find-a-program.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics of Diabetes" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/genetics-diabetes" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/informacion-basica-de-la-diabetes/aspectos-genticos-de-la-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giving an insulin injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Living with Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/healthy-living-with-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/nutricion-alimentacion-actividad-fisica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Weight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/healthy-weight.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/peso-saludable.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="High blood sugar - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Diabetes: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperinsulinemia: Is it diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/insulin-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/insulina-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intermittent Fasting and Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/intermittent-fasting-type-2-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-ayuno-intermitente-y-la-diabetes-tipo-2">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketones in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketones in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ketones-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cetonas-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/4-steps" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Diabetes Prevention Program" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Diabetes Statistics Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/resources/statistics-report.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes:MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Type 2" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+2%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Search Diabetes Educator Directory" url="https://nf01.diabeteseducator.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?Site=AADE&amp;WebCode=AADEDiaEduDirectory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up -- Diabetes: Five Ways to Be Active in Your Care at the Hospital" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/diabetes_brochure-5-15-2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/assetmanager/speakup_diabetes_spanishpdf.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000313.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 diabetes - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000328.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 diabetes - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000217.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 Diabetes Risk Test" url="https://diabetes.org/diabetes-risk-test" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/usted-corre-el-riesgo/examen-de-riesgo-de-la-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 Diabetes: How Healthy Is Your Lifestyle?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000313_57.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000313_104.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Type 2 diabetes: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/type-2" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/informacion-basica-de-la-diabetes/diabetes-tipo-2/lo-basico-sobre-la-diabetes-tipo2.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Diabetes?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women and Diabetes -- Diabetes Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-diabetes-diabetes-medicines">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Diabetes Care Team" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/diabetes-doctors.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La diabetes gestacional es la diabetes que ocurre durante el embarazo. Infórmese sobre los síntomas y cómo disminuir los riesgos para su bebé y usted." title="Diabetes y el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1852" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Diabetes gestacional</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad en donde los niveles de glucosa, o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;, están muy altos. Un nivel alto de glucosa durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; no es bueno para su bebé.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cerca de siete por cada 100 mujeres embarazadas en los Estados Unidos padecen de diabetes gestacional. La diabetes gestacional es la diabetes que aparece por primera vez cuando una mujer está embarazada. La mayoría de las veces, esta diabetes desaparece una vez que nace el bebé pero esto aumenta el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 más adelante. El niño también está a riesgo de obesidad y diabetes tipo 2. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A la mayoría de las mujeres se les hace un examen de detección para la diabetes en el segundo trimestre del embarazo. Las mujeres que tienen mayor riesgo pueden ser examinadas antes.    &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted ya tiene diabetes, el mejor momento para controlar su diabetes es antes de quedar embarazada. Los niveles altos de azúcar en la sangre pueden causar daño a su bebé en las primeras semanas del embarazo, cuando quizás usted todavía no sepa que está embarazada.  Para mantener a su bebé y a usted sanos es importante mantener el nivel de azúcar en la sangre tan cerca de lo normal posible como cuando la tuvo antes de quedar embarazada.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ambos tipos de diabetes durante el embarazo aumentan las posibilidades de problemas para su bebé y usted. Para disminuir los riesgos, hable con sus médicos sobre:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un plan de alimentación para seguir durante su embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un plan de actividad física seguro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuán seguido debe medirse el azúcar en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt; tal como se lo ha indicado el médico. Sus medicinas pueden cambiar durante su embarazo.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1408" language="English">Diabetes and Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes gestacional</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la diabetes gestacional" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/about/acerca-de-la-diabetes-gestacional.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/gestational-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bebé de madre diabética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001597.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control y tratamiento la diabetes gestacional" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/gestacional/control-tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/gestational/management-treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la diabetes gestacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000598.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes antes del embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/la-diabetes-antes-del-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/preexisting-diabetes.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes gestacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000896.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes gestacional" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/diabetes-gestacional.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes gestacional" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/gestacional" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/gestational">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 1 y embarazo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/about/la-diabetes-tipo-1-y-el-embarazo.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para diabéticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para la diabetes gestacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007430.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/embarazo-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diabetes-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metformina y embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-metformina/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/metformin-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/prueba-de-glucosa.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucose-in-urine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de glucemia durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007562.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you have diabetes, healthy eating helps keep your blood sugar in your target range. Learn how you can still have great tasting food with diabetes." title="Diabetic Diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048" language="English" date-created="03/04/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood glucose&lt;/a&gt;, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make insulin. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood glucose levels.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;Prediabetes&lt;/a&gt; means that your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. If you have prediabetes, you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How do the foods I eat affect my blood glucose levels?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The glucose in your blood comes from certain foods called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt;, or "carbs." Foods that are high in carbs include candy and sweets, sodas, breads, tortillas, and white rice. The more carbs you eat, the higher your blood glucose level will be.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, making the right food choices is an important way to keep your blood glucose at a level that is healthy for you. When you control your blood glucose, you lower your chance of having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;serious health problems from diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;vision loss&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;heart problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;And if you have prediabetes or are at risk for diabetes, eating foods that keep your blood glucose levels healthy may help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html"&gt;prevent type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt; later on.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;What's the best diet for diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There isn't a specific diet or meal plan that works for everybody. Your health care provider may have you see a registered dietician (RD) or a diabetes educator who can help design the best eating plan for you. The plan will consider:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Any medicines that you take&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Any other health conditions you have&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your lifestyle and tastes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your goals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All eating plans for diabetes have a few things in common, including eating the &lt;strong&gt;right foods&lt;/strong&gt; in the &lt;strong&gt;right amounts&lt;/strong&gt; at the &lt;strong&gt;right times&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What foods should I eat if I have diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Eating the right foods for diabetes means eating a variety of healthy foods from all the food groups:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fruits and vegetables&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whole grains,&lt;/strong&gt; such as whole wheat, brown rice, barley, quinoa, and oats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;Proteins&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; such as lean meats, chicken, turkey, fish, eggs, nuts, beans, lentils, and tofu&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nonfat or low-fat dairy,&lt;/strong&gt; such as milk, yogurt, and cheese&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What foods should I limit to control my blood glucose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To keep your blood glucose under control, you may need to cut back on certain foods and drinks. This doesn't mean that you can never enjoy them. But you will need to have them less often or in smaller amounts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-carb foods and drinks,&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
   &lt;ul&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Sugary foods, such as candy, cookies, cake, ice cream, sweetened cereals, and canned fruits with added sugar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Drinks with added sugars, such as juice, regular soda, and regular sports or energy drinks&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;White rice, tortillas, breads and pasta - especially those made with white flour&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Starchy vegetables, such as white potatoes, corn, and peas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fried foods&lt;/strong&gt; and other foods high in saturated trans &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Foods high in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (salt).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alcohol.&lt;/strong&gt; If you do drink, you should drink moderately. This means no more than one standard drink a day if you're a woman or two standard drinks a day if you're a man.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What else do I need to know about diabetic diets?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, it's important to eat the right amount of food every day. Your eating plan will include how much to eat, so that you get the right amount of carbs in each meal or snack. You'll learn how to count carbs and measure your food.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Eating at the right times is also important. You will want to plan for regular, balanced meals to avoid blood glucose levels that are too high or too low for you. Eating about the same amount of carbs at each meal can be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your eating plan will also teach you how to stick with your plan at home and when you eat out.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Eating healthy to control your blood glucose does take some effort. But the reward is a chance to live your healthiest life with diabetes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049" language="Spanish">Dieta para diabéticos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003927">Diet, Diabetic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026">Diabetes in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html" id="1339">Diabetes Type 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930">Diabetes Type 2</related-topic>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artificial Sweeteners and Other Sugar Substitutes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carb Counting" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/carb-counting-manage-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetic Diet" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=diabetes&amp;intr=diet+NOT+supplement&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Counting carbohydrates" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Cultural Foods" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/diabetes-cultural-foods.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/diabetes-and-dietary-supplements-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-diabetes-y-los-suplementos-dieteticos-en-detalles">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Nutrition" url="https://familydoctor.org/diabetes-and-nutrition/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/diabetes-y-nutricion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Your Diet" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/prevention--treatment-of-diabetes/the-diabetic-diet">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Meal Planning" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/diabetes-meal-planning.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes type 2 - meal planning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007429.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiber: The Carb that Helps You Manage Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/fiber-helps-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/resources/features/role-of-fiber.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gestational diabetes diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007430.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glycemic index and diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000941.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/healthy-eating/alimentacion-saludable.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Living with Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/healthy-living-with-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/nutricion-alimentacion-actividad-fisica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How an RDN Can Help with Diabetes" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/health-conditions/diabetes/how-an-rdn-can-help-with-diabetes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyFoodAdvisor" url="https://diabetesfoodhub.org/">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-Starchy Vegetables" url="https://diabetes.org/food-nutrition/reading-food-labels/non-starchy-vegetables" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/alimentos-y-actividad-fisica/alimentos/que-voy-a-comer/la-eleccion-de-alimentos-saludables/vegetales-sin-almidon.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Diet" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diet%2C+Diabetic%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Search Diabetes Educator Directory" url="https://nf01.diabeteseducator.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?Site=AADE&amp;WebCode=AADEDiaEduDirectory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snacking when you have diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sweeteners - sugar substitutes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007492.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasty Recipes for People with Diabetes and Their Families" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/managing/Tasty_Recipes_for_People_with_Diabetes-508.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vegetarian Diet: Can It Help Me Control My Diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/FAQ-20058117?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/faq-20058117?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is the Diabetes Plate Method?" url="https://diabetesfoodhub.org/blog/what-diabetes-plate" language-mapped-url="https://diabetesfoodhub.org/es/blog/que-es-el-metodo-del-plato-para-diabeticos">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diabetes can cause eye problems such as Diabetic Retinopathy, which damages blood vessels in your retina. Know what symptoms to look out for." title="Diabetic Eye Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1340" language="English" date-created="08/30/2000">
<also-called>Diabetic retinopathy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make insulin. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What eye problems can diabetes cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time, high blood sugar may damage the blood vessels and lenses in your eyes. This can lead to serious diabetic eye problems which can &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;harm your vision and sometimes cause blindness&lt;/a&gt;. Some common diabetes eye problems include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diabetic retinopathy&lt;/strong&gt;, which is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. It affects blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye). The blood vessels may swell and leak fluid into your eye. If it's not treated, it can cause serious problems such as vision loss and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html"&gt;retinal detachment&lt;/a&gt;, where the retina is pulled away from its normal position at the back of your eye.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diabetic macular edema (DME)&lt;/strong&gt;, which happens when blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula (a part of the retina needed for sharp, central vision). This usually develops in people who already have other signs of diabetic retinopathy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html"&gt;Glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a group of eye diseases that can damage the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html"&gt;optic nerve&lt;/a&gt; (the bundle of nerves that connects the eye to the brain). Glaucoma from diabetes happens when the blood vessels in the front of your eye are damaged, and new blood vessels grow near the iris (the colored part of your eye). The blood vessels block the space where fluid drains from your eye. This causes fluid to build up and pressure to increase inside your eye.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;Cataract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which happen when the clear lens in the front of your eye becomes cloudy. Cataracts are common as people age. But people with diabetes are more likely to develop cataracts younger and faster than people without diabetes. Researchers think that high glucose levels cause deposits to build up in the lenses of your eyes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
   
&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop diabetic eye problems?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone with diabetes can develop diabetic eye disease. But your risk of developing it is higher if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had diabetes for a long time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't have good control over your high blood sugar or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;high blood cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoke tobacco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of diabetic eye problems?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In the early stages, diabetic eye problems usually don't have any symptoms. That's why regular dilated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html"&gt;eye exams&lt;/a&gt; are so important, even if you think your eyes are healthy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You should also watch for sudden changes in your vision that could mean an emergency. Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Many new spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision (floaters)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flashes of light&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dark shadow over part of your vision, like a curtain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eye pain or redness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Talk with your doctor if you have these symptoms, even if they come and go:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurry or wavy vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision that changes a lot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble seeing colors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;How are diabetic eye problems diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Eye doctors do dilated eye exams to diagnose eye problems. A dilated eye exam uses eye drops to open your pupils wide so your doctor can look for signs of eye problems and treat them before they harm your vision. Your doctor will also test your vision and measure the pressure in your eyes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for diabetic eye problems?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for diabetic eye problems depends on the problem and how serious it is. Some of the treatments include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lasers to stop blood vessels from leaking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injections (shots) in the eye to stop new, leaky blood vessels from growing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery to remove blood and scar tissue or replace a cloudy lens&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eye drops to lower fluid pressure in the eye&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But these treatments aren't cures. Eye problems can come back. That's why your best defense against serious vision loss is to take control of your diabetes and get regular eye exams. It's also important to keep your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; in a healthy range.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1853" language="Spanish">Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003930">Diabetic Retinopathy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabeticeyeproblems.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabeticeyeproblems.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165">Vision Impairment and Blindness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetic Retinopathy</see-reference>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
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<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
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<site title="Diabetic Retinopathy Videos" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/diabetic-retinopathy-videos" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/simulador-retinopatia-diabetica-no-proliferativa">
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<site title="Diabetic Retinopathy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-diabetic-retinopathy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/retinopatia-diabetica">
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Exam and Vision Testing Basics" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101">
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<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
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<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
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<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
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<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
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<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
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<site title="Intravitreal injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007629.htm">
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<site title="Laser photocoagulation - eye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007664.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NEI for Kids: Glossary" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Diabetic Eye Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Retinopathy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Stay on TRACK To Prevent Blindness From Diabetes" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-06/Stay-on-TRACK-To-Prevent-Blindness-From-Diabetes.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/Si-tiene-diabetes-siga-estos-consejos-prevenir-perdida-vision.pdf">
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<site title="What Is Macular Edema?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-macular-edema" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/edema-macular">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Over time, high blood sugar from diabetes can damage your nerves or blood vessels. This can lead to foot problems. Know how to care for diabetic feet." title="Diabetic Foot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html" id="1341" language="English" date-created="08/29/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make insulin. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How does diabetes cause foot problems?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Foot problems are common in people with diabetes. They can happen over time when high blood sugar damages the nerves and blood vessels in the feet. The nerve damage, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;diabetic neuropathy&lt;/a&gt;, can cause numbness, tingling, pain, or a loss of feeling in your feet.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you can't feel pain, you may not know when you have a cut, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blisters.html"&gt;blister&lt;/a&gt;, or ulcer (open sore) on your foot. A wound like that could get infected. The infection may not heal well because the damaged blood vessels can cause poor blood flow in your feet.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having an infection and poor blood flow can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gangrene.html"&gt;gangrene&lt;/a&gt;. That means the muscle, skin, and other tissues start to die. If you have gangrene or a foot ulcer that does not get better with treatment, you may need an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html"&gt;amputation&lt;/a&gt;. This is a surgery to cut off your damaged toe, foot, or part of your leg. It may prevent a bad infection from spreading and could save your life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But there's a lot you can do to prevent a foot wound from becoming a major health problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I protect my feet if I have diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best way to protect your feet is by controlling your blood sugar levels every day. This will help keep nerve and blood vessel damage from getting worse. The next step is to keep the skin of your feet healthy.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Good foot care for people with diabetes includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Checking your feet every day.&lt;/strong&gt; Look for cuts, redness, and other changes in the skin and toenails, including warts or other spots that your shoes could rub. Make sure to check the bottoms of your feet too.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Washing your feet every day.&lt;/strong&gt; Use warm water and soap. Don't soak your feet because that can dry out your skin. After you dry your feet, you can use talcum powder or cornstarch between your toes. They soak up moisture that can cause infection. If you use lotion, don't apply it between your toes.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asking your doctor how to remove &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;corns and calluses&lt;/a&gt; safely.&lt;/strong&gt; Thick skin on your feet can rub and lead to sores. But removing it the wrong way could damage your skin. So you don't want to cut the skin or use medicated pads or liquid removers.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trimming your toenails straight across with a clipper.&lt;/strong&gt; If it's hard for you to trim your own toenails, or if they're thick or curve into the skin, have a podiatrist (foot doctor) do it for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Always wearing well-fitting shoes and socks or slippers to protect your feet when walking.&lt;/strong&gt; You don't want to walk barefoot, even indoors. And be sure your shoes are smooth inside. A seam or pebble could rub your skin raw.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Protecting your feet from heat and cold.&lt;/strong&gt; Use sunscreen on exposed skin and don't walk barefoot at the beach. In cold weather, wear warm socks instead of warming your feet near a heater or fireplace.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keeping the blood flowing in your feet.&lt;/strong&gt; Put your feet up when you're sitting. Wiggle your toes and circle your feet throughout the day. Don't wear tight socks. And get plenty of activity that's not too hard on the feet, such as walking.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Getting your feet checked at your health care visits.&lt;/strong&gt; Even if you haven't noticed a problem, it's good to have your health care provider look at your feet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When should I see my health care provider about diabetic foot problems?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Serious foot problems can develop quickly. See your health care provider right away if you notice:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A cut, blister, or bruise on your feet that doesn't start to heal in a few days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red, warm, or painful skin on your feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A callus with dried blood inside&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A foot infection that becomes black and smells bad that could be gangrene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Remember, controlling your blood sugar and caring for your feet every day are the best steps you can take to prevent serious diabetic foot problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
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<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017719">Diabetic Foot</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1465">Diabetic Nerve Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html" id="1327">Foot Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amputation and Diabetes: How to Protect Your Feet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/amputation-and-diabetes/ART-20048262?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/amputation-and-diabetes/art-20048262?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Charcot Foot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Charcot foot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007748.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetic Foot" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetic+Foot%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cracked Heels" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - foot ulcers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000077.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - taking care of your feet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000081.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Foot Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/foot-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/pies-piel">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Foot Problems: When to See Your Doctor" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/communication-resources/diabetes-foot-problems-when-to-see-your-doctor.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Complications and Amputation Prevention" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Foot and Risk" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/the-diabetic-foot/the-diabetic-foot-and-risk">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Ulcer (Neurogenic Ulcer)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/neurogenic-ulcer-diabetic-ulcer?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgeon" url="https://www.aofas.org/find-a-foot-and-ankle-orthopaedic-surgeon">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Focus on Your Feet! Take Steps to Protect Foot Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/focus-your-feet" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/concentrese-en-sus-pies">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot amputation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Complications" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/foot-complications" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/complicaciones-en-los-pies.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg or foot amputation - dressing change" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathies)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/nerve-damage-diabetic-neuropathies" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/neuropatias-diabeticas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Foot" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Foot%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Steps to Prevent or Delay Nerve Damage" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/neuropathy/steps-prevent-or-delay-nerve-damage">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Feet and Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-your-feet.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diabetes puts you at risk for heart disease. There are different types of diabetic heart disease; Some people have no signs or symptoms." title="Diabetic Heart Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6011" language="English" date-created="06/04/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make insulin. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What is diabetic heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diabetic heart disease is a term for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt; in people who have diabetes. If you have diabetes, you are much more likely to develop heart disease or have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; than people who don't have diabetes. And you may start having these problems at a younger age.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time, the effects of high blood sugar from diabetes can include damage to the blood vessels and nerves in your heart. This damage increases your chance of developing heart diseases, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="coronaryarterydisease.html" tid="1276"&gt;Coronary artery disease (CAD)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; It happens slowly as a sticky material called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;plaque builds up in the arteries&lt;/a&gt; that supply your heart muscle with blood.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; With this condition, your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet the needs of your body.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html"&gt;Cardiomyopathy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This is a group of diseases in which the heart muscle may become thick or stiff.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop diabetic heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diabetes puts you at serious risk for heart disease. It also makes you more likely to develop other conditions that raise your risk even more, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High blood levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL &amp;quot;bad&amp;quot; cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;High triglycerides&lt;/a&gt; (a type of fat in your blood) with low blood levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your risk for heart disease is also higher if you&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are male&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have too much belly fat around your waist, even though you're at a healthy weight:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;For men, that's a waist more than 40 inches&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;For women, that's a waist more than 35 inches&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of heart disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of diabetic heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the early stages, heart disease usually doesn't have any symptoms. But if your heart disease worsens, you can have symptoms. Your symptoms will depend on the type of heart disease you have. They might include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;fainting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; (problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;Swollen feet and ankles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's important to know that people with diabetes may not feel chest pain. That's because diabetes can damage the nerves in your heart. If you have any symptoms that could be heart disease, talk with your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How is diabetic heart disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have diabetic heart disease, your provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your &lt;strong&gt;medical history&lt;/strong&gt;, including your symptoms and other health conditions you may have&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your &lt;strong&gt;family history&lt;/strong&gt;, to find out if you have relatives who have or had heart disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a &lt;strong&gt;physical exam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Likely run some &lt;strong&gt;tests&lt;/strong&gt; to help understand your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heart-disease-risk-assessment/"&gt;personal risk for heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blood tests to check your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/&amp;quot;&amp;quot;"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triglycerides-test/"&gt;triglycerides&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/"&gt;blood sugar levels&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;   
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/"&gt;A blood-pressure check&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Heart tests&lt;/a&gt;, if needed&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depending on your risk level, your provider may send you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for care. If you do have heart disease, treatment will depend on the type of heart disease you have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I prevent diabetic heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to prevent heart disease or keep it from getting worse by working with your provider to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Control your blood sugar levels&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Manage other conditions you may have that can raise your risk for heart disease &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take any medicines your provider prescribed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart-healthy habits&lt;/a&gt; part of your daily life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;Follow a healthy eating plan for diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6012" language="Spanish">Problemas del corazón asociados con la diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003920">Diabetes Mellitus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006331">Heart Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058065">Diabetic Cardiomyopathies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3754">Cardiomyopathy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276">Coronary Artery Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199">Heart Failure</related-topic>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/diabetes-complications-and-risks/cardiovascular-disease--diabetes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chelation for Coronary Heart Disease" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chelation-for-coronary-heart-disease-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol and Diabetes" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/diabetes-complications-and-risks/cholesterol-abnormalities--diabetes">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetic Cardiomyopathies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetic+Cardiomyopathies%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetic Heart Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22heart+diseases%22+AND+diabetes&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - preventing heart attack and stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Your Diet" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/prevention--treatment-of-diabetes/the-diabetic-diet">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Stroke" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/diabetes-enfermedades-cardiacas-accidentes-cerebrovasculares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests for People with Diabetes" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/symptoms-diagnosis--monitoring-of-diabetes/heart-health-tests-for-diabetes-patients">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Heart Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Cardiomyopathies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%28+%22Diabetes+Mellitus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Heart+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Your Heart and Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-your-heart.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/diabetes-complications/la-diabetes-y-el-corazon.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure in the U.S. Kidney damage from Diabetes is called Diabetic Nephropathy." title="Diabetic Kidney Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1559" language="English" date-created="10/04/2001">
<also-called>Diabetic nephropathy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high.  Over time, this can damage your kidneys. Your kidneys clean your blood. If they are damaged, waste and fluids build up in your blood instead of leaving your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kidney damage from diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. It begins long before you have symptoms. People with diabetes should get regular screenings for kidney disease. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;Tests&lt;/a&gt; include a urine test to detect protein in your urine and a blood test to show how well your kidneys are working.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the damage continues, your kidneys could fail. In fact, diabetes is the most common cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney failure&lt;/a&gt; in the United States. People with kidney failure need either &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;kidney transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can slow down kidney damage or keep it from getting worse. Controlling your blood sugar and blood pressure, taking your medicines and not eating too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;protein&lt;/a&gt; can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1855" language="Spanish">Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003928">Diabetic Nephropathies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetickidneyproblems.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetickidneyproblems.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetickidneyproblems.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetickidneyproblems.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabetickidneyproblems.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302">Kidney Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299">Kidney Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetic Nephropathy</see-reference>
<site title="Albuminuria (Proteinuria)" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/albuminuria-proteinuria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Kidney Disease (Nephropathy)" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/chronic-kidney-disease" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/enfermedad-renal.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetic Nephropathies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetic+Nephropathies%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creatinine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes - A Major Risk Factor for Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/diabetes-major-risk-factor-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and kidney disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000494.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-kidney-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/rinones">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Meal Planning for Diabetic Patients on Dialysis" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/emergency-meal-planning-diabetic-patients-dialysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/atoz/content/emergencymealdb">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerular Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/glomerular-disease?dkrd=/health-information/kidney-disease/glomerular-diseases">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney-Pancreas Transplant" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-pancreas-transplant">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microalbuminuria test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003591.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Kidney Foundation" url="https://www.kidney.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Kidney Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Nephropathies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein dipstick test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein electrophoresis test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Damaged nerves caused by Diabetes is called Diabetic Neuropathy. Over half of people with Diabetes get it. Your doctor can test if you have it." title="Diabetic Nerve Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1465" language="English" date-created="04/23/2001">
<also-called>Diabetic neuropathy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are too high.  Over time, this can damage the covering on your nerves or the blood vessels that bring oxygen to your nerves. Damaged nerves may stop sending messages, or may send messages slowly or at the wrong times.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This damage is called diabetic neuropathy.  Over half of people with diabetes get it.  Symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Numbness in your hands, legs, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html"&gt;feet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Shooting pains, burning, or tingling&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Problems with sexual function&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Urinary problems&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Dizziness when you change positions quickly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose diabetic neuropathy with a physical exam and nerve tests. Controlling your blood sugar can help prevent nerve problems, or keep them from getting worse. Treatment may include pain relief and other medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1856" language="Spanish">Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003929">Diabetic Neuropathies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabeticnerveproblems.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabeticnerveproblems.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabeticnerveproblems.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabeticnerveproblems.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diabeticnerveproblems.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html" id="4567">Diabetes Complications</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html" id="1341">Diabetic Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Neuropathy</see-reference>
<site title="Additional Types of Neuropathy" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/neuropathy/additional-types-neuropathy" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/neuropata/otros-tipos-de-neuropatia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autonomic Neuropathy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autonomic Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autonomic-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-autonomicas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diabetic Neuropathies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diabetic+Neuropathies%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cranial mononeuropathy III - diabetic type" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000692.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000692.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and nerve damage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000693.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Sexual, and Bladder Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/sexual-bladder-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/sexuales-urologicos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction and Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20043927?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20043927?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroparesia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathies)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/nerve-damage-diabetic-neuropathies" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/neuropatias-diabeticas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nerve damage from diabetes - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Neuropathy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Nerve Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Neuropathies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy" url="https://www.foundationforpn.org/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapies for Treating Diabetic Nerve Pain" url="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/home/GetGuidelineContent/481">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Feet and Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-your-feet.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diagnostic imaging lets doctors look inside your body for clues about a medical condition. Read about the types of images and what to expect." title="Diagnostic Imaging" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104" language="English" date-created="02/03/2000">
<also-called>Imaging</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Diagnostic imaging lets doctors look inside your body for clues about a medical condition. A variety of machines and techniques can create pictures of the structures and activities inside your body. The type of imaging your doctor uses depends on your symptoms and the part of your body being examined. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;X-rays&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html"&gt;Nuclear medicine scans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI scans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;Ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many imaging tests are painless and easy. Some require you to stay still for a long time inside a machine. This can be uncomfortable. Certain tests involve exposure to a small amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For some imaging tests, doctors insert a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube into your body. This tool is called a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html"&gt;scope&lt;/a&gt;. The doctor moves it through a body passageway or opening to see inside a particular organ, such as your heart, lungs, or colon. These procedures often require anesthesia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857" language="Spanish">Diagnóstico por imágenes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003952">Diagnostic Imaging</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/diagnosticimaging.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/">National Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Bioimaging</primary-institute>
<site title="American College of Radiology Accredited Facility Search" url="https://www.acraccreditation.org/accredited-facility-search">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contrast Materials" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-contrast" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-contrast">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Read Your Radiology Report" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imaging and radiology" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007451.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Kids Still during Exams" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/pedimmobilization.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Imaging Tests" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/common-imaging-tests/overview-of-imaging-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/pruebas-de-diagn%C3%B3stico-por-la-imagen-habituales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-pruebas-de-diagn%C3%B3stico-por-la-imagen">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic Imaging" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diagnostic+Imaging%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Dose from X-Ray and CT Exams" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-xray">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Safety for Children" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-rad-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-rad-children">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo: Glossary of Terms" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracing the X-Ray Trail" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/xraytrail.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/xraytrail.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Indocyanine Green (ICG)?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/indocyanine-green.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/indocyanine-green.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Interventional Radiology (IR)?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intvnl-radiology.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intvnl-radiology.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchas personas con enfermedades mentales también tienen problemas de adicción a las drogas. A esto se le llama diagnóstico doble. Infórmese aquí." title="Diagnóstico doble" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dualdiagnosis.html" id="4271" language="Spanish" date-created="02/09/2006">
<also-called>Abusar de sustancias y tener enfermedad mental</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un diagnóstico doble?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un diagnóstico doble o dual, significa que tiene tanto un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastorno mental&lt;/a&gt; como un trastorno por uso de sustancias, ya sea con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt;. Un diagnóstico doble es un tipo de comorbilidad, que ocurre cuando una persona presenta dos trastornos al mismo tiempo. Otros nombres para esto son comorbilidad, patología dual o trastornos concurrentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los trastornos mentales y por uso de sustancias ocurren juntos. A muchas personas que desarrollan un trastorno por uso de sustancias también se les diagnostica enfermedades mentales. Y lo contrario es cierto; muchas personas con trastornos mentales tendrán un trastorno por consumo de sustancias . Tener ambos tipos de afecciones es aún más común en adolescentes, personas con enfermedades mentales graves y personas con ciertos trastornos mentales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué los trastornos por uso de sustancias y los trastornos mentales ocurren juntos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque estos problemas suelen ocurrir juntos, esto no significa que uno haya causado el otro, incluso si uno apareció primero. De hecho, puede resultar difícil determinar cuál ocurrió primero.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores creen que hay tres posibles razones por las que suelen ocurrir juntos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los factores de riesgo comunes pueden contribuir tanto a los trastornos mentales como al trastorno por uso de sustancias.&lt;/strong&gt; Estos factores incluyen:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genética&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;Estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trauma, especialmente en la infancia. Los veteranos con trastorno de &lt;a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099"&gt;estrés postraumático (TEPT)&lt;/a&gt; también corren riesgo de sufrir trastorno por consumo de sustancias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los trastornos mentales pueden contribuir al consumo de drogas y al trastorno por uso de sustancias.&lt;/strong&gt; Por ejemplo, las personas con trastornos mentales pueden consumir drogas o alcohol para intentar sentirse mejor por un tiempo. Esto se conoce como automedicación. Además, los trastornos mentales pueden cambiar el cerebro para aumentar la probabilidad de que una persona se vuelva adicta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;El uso de sustancias y la adicción pueden contribuir al desarrollo de un trastorno mental.&lt;/strong&gt; El consumo de sustancias puede cambiar el cerebro de manera que sea más probable que una persona tenga un trastorno mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el diagnóstico dual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un diagnóstico doble, en general es mejor tratar ambas afecciones al mismo tiempo que por separado. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden trabajar en un plan de tratamiento que se ajuste a sus necesidades. El plan debe tener en cuenta su edad, qué sustancias está consumiendo y qué trastorno mental específico padece. El plan puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia conductual&lt;/strong&gt;, como terapia de conversación (psicoterapia), tratamiento residencial a largo plazo (que combina servicios de alojamiento y tratamiento) y terapias para ayudarle a mantenerse motivado para seguir su plan de tratamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Existen medicamentos eficaces que tratan la adicción a los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html"&gt;opioides&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y la nicotina. También existen medicamentos que pueden disminuir los síntomas de muchos problemas mentales. Algunos medicamentos pueden tratar más de un trastorno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Una referencia a un grupo de apoyo:&lt;/strong&gt; Los grupos de apoyo pueden brindarle apoyo emocional y social. También es un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir consejos sobre cómo afrontar los desafíos del día a día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el diagnóstico doble?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una persona con un diagnóstico doble debe tratar ambas afecciones. Para que el tratamiento sea efectivo, debe dejar de consumir alcohol o drogas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir terapias conductuales y medicamentos. Además, los grupos de apoyo pueden brindarle apoyo emocional y social. También son un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir consejos sobre cómo lidiar con los desafíos diarios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas    &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dualdiagnosis.html" id="4270" language="English">Dual Diagnosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<site title="Comorbilidad" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-comorbilidad" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/co-occurring-disorders-health-conditions">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico dual" url="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Images/FactSheets/Spanish_Dual-Diagnosis_(Diagnostico-dual).pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Common-with-Mental-Illness/Substance-Use-Disorders/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar y alcoholismo: ¿Están relacionados?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-disorder/faq-20057890?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-disorder/FAQ-20057890?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Debería usted hablar con alguien sobre un problema relacionado con las drogas, el alcohol o la salud mental?" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4731.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA10-4585/SMA10-4585.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El diagnóstico por imágenes permite a los médicos observar el interior del cuerpo para buscar indicios sobre una condición médica. Entérese aquí." title="Diagnóstico por imágenes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El diagnóstico por imágenes permite a los profesionales de la salud observar el interior del cuerpo para buscar indicios de una afección médica. Una variedad de aparatos y técnicas pueden crear imágenes de las estructuras y procesos dentro de su cuerpo. El tipo de imagen que use el médico dependerá de sus síntomas y de la parte del cuerpo que debe examinarse. Estas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Rayos X&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;Tomografías computarizadas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html"&gt;Estudios de medicina nuclear&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt; Imágenes por resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;Ecografías&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas pruebas por imágenes no duelen y son fáciles de realizar. Algunas requieren que permanezca inmóvil por un largo período de tiempo dentro de un aparato. Esto puede resultar incómodo. Algunas pruebas pueden incluir dosis bajas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos estudios por imágenes, se introduce en el cuerpo una cámara diminuta unida a un tubo largo y delgado. Esta herramienta se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html"&gt;tubo visor&lt;/a&gt;. El médico lo mueve a través de un conducto del cuerpo o una apertura para observar el interior de un órgano en particular, como el corazón, los pulmones o el colon. Estos procedimientos suelen requerir anestesia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104" language="English">Diagnostic Imaging</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIBIB">Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Examen de TAC (Tomografía axial computadorizada)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pruebas de medicina nuclear</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pruebas radionúclidas</see-reference>
<see-reference>RM</see-reference>
<see-reference>Radiología</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ultrasonido</see-reference>
<site title="Como leer su informe de radiología" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dosis de radiación" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escáneres médicos explicados: Una mirada al interior del cuerpo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/escaneres-medicos-explicados" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/11/medical-scans-explained">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de términos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imagenología y radiología" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007451.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imágenes ópticas" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/im%c3%a1genes-opticas">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las pruebas de diagnóstico por la imagen" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/pruebas-de-diagn%C3%B3stico-por-la-imagen-habituales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-pruebas-de-diagn%C3%B3stico-por-la-imagen" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/common-imaging-tests/overview-of-imaging-tests">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Materiales de contraste" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-contrast" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-contrast">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de la radiación en niños" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-rad-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-rad-children">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el verde de indocianina? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/indocyanine-green.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/indocyanine-green.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la radiología intervencionista?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intvnl-radiology.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intvnl-radiology.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis are two types of dialysis that filter your blood to rid your body of harmful waste. Read more about each type" title="Dialysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html" id="3789" language="English" date-created="03/24/2004">
<also-called>Renal dialysis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When your kidneys are healthy, they clean your blood. They also make hormones that keep 
your bones strong and your blood healthy. When your kidneys fail, you need treatment to 
replace the work your kidneys used to do. Unless you have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;kidney transplant&lt;/a&gt;, you will need a treatment called dialysis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two main types of dialysis. Both types filter your blood to rid your body of harmful wastes, extra salt, and water.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemodialysis uses a machine. It is sometimes called an artificial kidney. You usually go to a special clinic for treatments several times a week.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen, called the peritoneal membrane, to filter your blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html" id="3790" language="Spanish">Diálisis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006435">Renal Dialysis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dialysis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dialysis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dialysis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dialysis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dialysis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html" id="5808">Kidney Cysts</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302">Kidney Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html" id="5583">Peritoneal Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hemodialysis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Peritoneal Dialysis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renal Dialysis</see-reference>
<site title="Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/amyloidosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Central venous catheter - dressing change" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Checklist to Help You Choose a Dialysis Facility" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/en/assets/resources/dialysis-facility/DFC_checklist_11-26-19_508.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dialysis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=dialysis&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Peritoneal Dialysis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Peritoneal+Dialysis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Renal Dialysis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Renal+Dialysis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dialysis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dialysis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dialysis - hemodialysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000707.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dialysis - peritoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dialysis centers - what to expect" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000706.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dialysis: Deciding to Stop" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/dialysis-deciding-to-stop">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating and Nutrition for Hemodialysis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/hemodialysis/eating-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/alimentacion-adecuada?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/metodos-tratamiento-insuficiencia-renal-hemodialisis/sentirse-bien">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Meal Planning for Diabetic Patients on Dialysis" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/emergency-meal-planning-diabetic-patients-dialysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/atoz/content/emergencymealdb">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise: A Guide for People on Dialysis" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/exercise.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Life Options Rehabilitation Program</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Filtering Dialysis Myths from Facts" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/filtering-dialysis-myths-facts">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dialysis Facility" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=DialysisFacility">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodialysis" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hemodialysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/kidney-topics/hemodialisis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodialysis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hemodialysis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodialysis access - self care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000705.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodialysis access procedures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007641.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodialysis and Your Diet" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hemodialysis-and-your-diet">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodialysis Catheters: How to Keep Yours Working Well" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hemodialysis-catheters-how-to-keep-yours-working-well">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Hemodialysis" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/home-hemodialysis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Professionals Treat Kidney Failure in Children?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children#kidney">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infections and Patients on Dialysis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dialysis-safety/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Just the Facts: Skin and Hair Problems on Dialysis" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/SkinAndHair.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_skin_and_hair_problems_on_dialysis_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Life Options Rehabilitation Program</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Just the Facts: Vascular Access" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/VA.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Life Options Rehabilitation Program</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Dialysis: When Is It Time to Stop?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/expert-answers/kidney-dialysis/faq-20057914?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/expert-answers/kidney-dialysis/faq-20057914?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Find and Compare Health Care Providers" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/mineral-bone-disorder">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Kidney Foundation" url="https://www.kidney.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritoneal Dialysis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/peritoneal-dialysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/dialisis-peritoneal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peritoneal Dialysis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/peritoneal-dialysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/peritoneal-dialysis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis - secondary" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000651.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis - spontaneous bacterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000648.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planning for Emergencies: A Guide for People with Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/planning-emergencies-guide-people-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dialysis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Renal+Dialysis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Six Tips to Prevent Dialysis Infections" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dialysis-safety/media/pdfs/dialysis-patient-pocketguide-p.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking care of your vascular access for hemodialysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000591.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travel Tips: A Guide for Kidney Patients" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/travel-tips-guide-kidney-patients">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Hemodialysis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/hemodialysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/hemodialisis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Se le llama diarrea a las heces acuosas y blandas. La diarrea puede ser aguda o crónica. Infórmese sobre tratamiento, causas y prevención aquí." title="Diarrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se le llama diarrea a las heces acuosas y blandas. Usted tiene diarrea si evacúa  heces sueltas tres o más veces en un día. La diarrea aguda dura un corto tiempo y es un problema común. Por lo general, dura uno o dos días, pero puede durar más tiempo. Luego desaparece sola.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La diarrea que dura más de algunos días puede ser un signo de un problema más serio. La diarrea crónica, que dura al menos cuatro semanas, puede ser un síntoma de una enfermedad crónica. Los síntomas  de la diarrea crónica pueden ser continuos o pueden aparecer y desaparecer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas más comunes de diarrea incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;Contaminación&lt;/a&gt; por bacterias en alimentos o agua &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Virus como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html"&gt;norovirus&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html"&gt;rotavirus&lt;/a&gt;. El rotavirus es la causa más común de diarrea aguda en niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parásitos: Pequeños organismos que se encuentran en alimentos o agua contaminados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos como antibióticos, medicamentos contra el cáncer y antiácidos que contienen magnesio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intolerancia y sensibilidad a ciertos alimentos: Problemas para digerir ciertos ingredientes o comidas, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;intolerancia a la lactosa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del estómago, el intestino delgado o el colon, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas del funcionamiento del colon, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome del intestino irritable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas también tienen diarrea después de una cirugía de estómago, esto es porque a veces algunas cirugías pueden hacer que la comida se mueva más rápido por su sistema digestivo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A veces no se encuentra una causa. Si la diarrea desaparece después de unos días, por lo general no es necesario buscar su origen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Personas de todas las edades pueden tener diarrea. En promedio, los adultos en los Estados Unidos tienen diarrea aguda una vez al año. Los niños pequeños la tienen unas dos veces al año.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que visitan países en vías de desarrollo están en riesgo de presentar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html"&gt;diarrea del viajero&lt;/a&gt;. Esta es causada por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros síntomas podría tener con diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros posibles síntomas de la diarrea incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres o dolor en el abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Necesidad urgente de ir al baño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida del control intestinal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si un virus o bacteria es la causa de la diarrea, es posible que también tenga fiebre, escalofríos y sangre en las heces.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La diarrea puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;, lo que significa que su cuerpo no tiene suficiente líquido para funcionar en forma normal. La deshidratación puede ser grave, especialmente en niños, adultos mayores y personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud  por la diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque por lo general no es perjudicial, la diarrea puede llegar a ser peligrosa o señal de un problema grave. Póngase en contacto con su proveedor de atención médica si tiene:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Signos de deshidratación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrea por más de dos días si usted es un adulto. En niños, póngase en contacto con el proveedor de salud si dura más de 24 horas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor intenso en el abdomen o recto (en adultos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre de 102 grados F o más (38,8 grados C)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces que contienen sangre o pus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces negras y alquitranadas&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si los niños tienen diarrea, los padres o cuidadores no deben dudar en llamar a un proveedor de atención médica. La diarrea puede ser especialmente peligrosa en los recién nacidos y lactantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de la diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para encontrar la causa de la diarrea, el médico puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntarle por los medicamentos que esté tomando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerle un análisis de las heces o sangre para buscar bacterias, parásitos u otros signos de enfermedad o infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pedirle que deje de comer ciertos alimentos para ver si la diarrea desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diarrea crónica, su médico puede realizar otras pruebas para encontrar la causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de la diarrea busca reponer los fluidos y electrolitos perdidos para prevenir la deshidratación. Dependiendo de la causa del problema, es posible que necesite medicamentos para detener la diarrea o tratar una infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los adultos con diarrea deben beber agua, jugos de frutas, bebidas deportivas, bebidas gaseosas sin cafeína y caldos salados. A medida que los síntomas mejoran, se pueden comer alimentos suaves y blandos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los niños con diarrea deben recibir una solución de rehidratación oral para reponer los líquidos y electrolitos perdidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la diarrea?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se pueden prevenir dos tipos de diarrea, la diarrea por rotavirus y la diarrea del viajero. Existen vacunas para el rotavirus. Se les da a los bebés en dos o tres dosis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir la diarrea del viajero, debe tener cuidado con lo que come y bebe cuando se encuentra en países en vías del desarrollo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use sólo agua embotellada o purificada para beber, hacer hielo y cepillarse los dientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si usted usa el agua del grifo, hiérvala o trátela con tabletas de yodo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese de que los alimentos cocidos que coma estén totalmente cocinados y servidos calientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite frutas y verduras crudas sin lavar ni pelar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211" language="English">Diarrhea</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cdiffinfections.html" id="4618">Infecciones por Clostridium difficile</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3216">Rotavirus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<see-reference>Disentería</see-reference>
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<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Coprocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su hijo tiene diarrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Cuando usted tiene diarrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000121.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000121.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Diarrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003126.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Diarrea" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/diarrea" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea">
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<site title="Diarrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/diarrea/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/diarrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diarrhea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diarrhea.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea aguda en niños" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Diarrhea%20%20acute%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Diarrhea%20%20acute.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea crónica: ¿Debería preocuparme después de la extracción de la vesícula?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/faq-20058481?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/FAQ-20058481?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Diarrea del viajero" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea-es" language-mapped-url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea en adultos: Qué preguntarle a su proveedor de atención médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000218.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea en niños: Lo que los padres necesitan saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/diarrhea.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Diarrhea.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000219.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea funcional" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/diarrea-funcional/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea medicamentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000293.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea relacionada con antibióticos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea: Causas relacionadas con el cáncer y cómo afrontarla" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/diarrhea/art-20044799?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/diarrhea/ART-20044799?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Dieta BRAT: Recuperación después de un malestar estomacal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dieta-brat-recuperacion-despues-de-un-malestar-estomacal/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/brat-diet-recovering-from-an-upset-stomach/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta de líquidos claros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Dieta para la diarrea del viajero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002433.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades diarreicas" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la diarrea infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000121_103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000121_48.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003755.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis viral (&quot;gripe estomacal&quot;)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroenteritis-viral" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/viral-gastroenteritis">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Glóbulos blancos en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/globulos-blancos-en-las-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-cell-wbc-in-stool/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos antidiarreicos de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-antidiarreicos-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antidiarrheal-medicines-otc-relief-for-diarrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calprotectina fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de huevos y parásitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pruebas de C. difficile" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-c-difficile/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-diff-testing/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
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<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Vómitos y diarrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vomitos-y-diarrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vomiting-and-diarrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diarrhea can range from mild to severe and can be dangerous in children. Find out what you can do to treat symptoms and when to call your doctor." title="Diarrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Dysentery</also-called>
<also-called>The runs</also-called>
<also-called>The trots</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diarrhea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diarrhea is loose, watery stools (bowel movements). You have diarrhea if you have loose stools three or more times in one day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that lasts a short time. It is a common problem.  It usually lasts about one or two days, but it may last longer. Then it goes away on its own.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diarrhea lasting more than a few days may be a sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrhea -- diarrhea that lasts at least four weeks -- can be a symptom of a chronic disease. Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be continual, or they may come and go.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes diarrhea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common causes of diarrhea include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacteria from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;contaminated food&lt;/a&gt; or water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viruses such as the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html"&gt;norovirus&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html"&gt;rotavirus &lt;/a&gt;. Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parasites, which are tiny organisms found in contaminated food or water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines such as antibiotics, cancer drugs, and antacids that contain magnesium&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Food intolerances and sensitivities, which are problems digesting certain ingredients or foods. An example is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;lactose intolerance&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine, or colon, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with how the colon functions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;irritable bowel syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people also get diarrhea after stomach surgery, because sometimes the surgeries can cause food to move through your digestive system more quickly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes no cause can be found. If your diarrhea goes away within a few days, finding the cause is usually not necessary.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for diarrhea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People of all ages can get diarrhea. On average, adults In the United States have acute diarrhea once a year. Young children have it an average of twice a year.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who visit developing countries are at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html"&gt;traveler's diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. It is caused by consuming contaminated food or water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other symptoms might I have with diarrhea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other possible symptoms of diarrhea include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cramps or pain in the abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An urgent need to use the bathroom&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of bowel control&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If a virus or bacteria is the cause of your diarrhea, you may also have a fever, chills, and bloody stools.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diarrhea can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;, which means that your body does not have enough fluid to work properly. Dehydration can be serious, especially for children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When do I need to see a health care provider for diarrhea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although it is usually not harmful, diarrhea can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. Contact your health care provider if you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Signs of dehydration&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrhea for more than 2 days, if you are an adult. For children, contact the provider if it lasts more than 24 hours.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe pain in your abdomen or rectum (for adults)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A fever of 102 degrees or higher&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stools containing blood or pus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stools that are black and tarry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If children have diarrhea, parents or caregivers should not hesitate to call a health care provider. Diarrhea can be especially dangerous in newborns and infants.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find the cause of diarrhea, your health care provider may:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about any medicines you are taking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other signs of disease or infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask you to stop eating certain foods to see whether your diarrhea goes away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have chronic diarrhea, your health care provider may perform other tests to look for signs of disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for diarrhea?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diarrhea is treated by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Depending on the cause of the problem, you may need medicines to stop the diarrhea or treat an infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adults with diarrhea should drink water, fruit juices, sports drinks, sodas without caffeine, and salty broths. As your symptoms improve, you can eat soft, bland food.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can diarrhea be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Two types of diarrhea can be prevented - rotavirus diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. There are vaccines for rotavirus. They are given to babies in two or three doses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent traveler's diarrhea by being careful about what you eat and drink when you are in developing countries:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858" language="Spanish">Diarrea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003967">Diarrhea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html" id="4617">C. diff Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3215">Rotavirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dysentery</see-reference>
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<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
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<site title="Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Antidiarrheal Medicines: OTC Relief for Diarrhea" url="https://familydoctor.org/antidiarrheal-medicines-otc-relief-for-diarrhea/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-antidiarreicos-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
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<site title="C. Diff Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-diff-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-c-difficile/">
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<site title="Chamomile" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile">
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<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Diarrhea in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/chronic-diarrhea-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Diarrhea: A Concern after Gallbladder Removal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/FAQ-20058481?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/faq-20058481?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Clear liquid diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diarrhea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diarrhea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dysentery" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dysentery%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
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<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003126.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/diarrea">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/diarrhea/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/diarrea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diarrhea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diarrhea.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000218.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000219.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrheal Diseases - Acute and Chronic" url="https://gi.org/topics/diarrhea-acute-and-chronic/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare at Home: Diarrhea" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/caregiver-guide-diarrhea">
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<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm">
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<site title="Fecal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Fecal smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003755.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI X-Ray (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Microvillus inclusion disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/microvillus-inclusion-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ova and Parasite Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diarrhea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Diarrhea in Kids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000121_48.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000121_103.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveler's Diarrhea" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea" language-mapped-url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea-es">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveler's diarrhea diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002433.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Water Disinfection" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/water-disinfection">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichohepatoenteric syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/trichohepatoenteric-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viral Gastroenteritis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/viral-gastroenteritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroenteritis-viral">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vomiting and Diarrhea" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vomiting-and-diarrhea/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vomitos-y-diarrea-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="When you have diarrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000121.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000121.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="When your child has diarrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="White Blood Cell (WBC) in Stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-cell-wbc-in-stool/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/globulos-blancos-en-las-heces/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una alimentación sana ayuda a mantener el azúcar de la sangre en un nivel adecuado. Infórmese sobre las comidas para diabéticos aquí." title="Dieta para diabéticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049" language="Spanish" date-created="03/04/2003">
<also-called>Dieta y diabetes</also-called>
<also-called>Nutrición para personas con diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, sus niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa&lt;/a&gt; (azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce insulina. Con la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce ni utiliza bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa se acumula en la sangre, causando que aumenten sus niveles de glucosa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt; significa que sus niveles de glucosa en sangre son más altos de lo normal, pero no lo suficientemente altos como para llamarle diabetes. Si tiene prediabetes, es más probable que desarrolle diabetes tipo 2.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo afectan los alimentos que consumo a mis niveles de glucosa en sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La glucosa en su sangre proviene de ciertos alimentos llamados &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt;. Los alimentos con alto contenido de carbohidratos incluyen caramelos y dulces, refrescos, panes, tortillas y arroz blanco. Cuantos más carbohidratos consuma, mayor será su nivel de glucosa en sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ya sea que tenga diabetes tipo 1 o tipo 2, elegir los alimentos correctos es una forma importante de mantener su glucosa en la sangre en un nivel que sea saludable para usted. Al controlar su nivel de glucosa en la sangre, reduce la probabilidad de tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;problemas de salud graves &lt;/a&gt; a causa de la diabetes, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;problemas cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Y si tiene prediabetes o está en riesgo de padecer diabetes, comer alimentos que mantengan sus niveles de glucosa en sangre saludables puede ayudar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html"&gt;prevenir la diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; en el futuro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la mejor dieta para la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una dieta o un plan de comidas específico que funcione para todos. Es posible que su profesional de la salud le pida que consulte con un dietista registrado o un educador en diabetes que pueda ayudarle a diseñar el mejor plan de alimentación para usted. El plan considerará:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cualquier medicamento que tome&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cualquier otra afección de salud que tenga&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Su estilo de vida y gustos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus metas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Todos los planes de alimentación para la diabetes tienen algunas cosas en común, incluyendo comer &lt;strong&gt;alimentos correctos&lt;/strong&gt; en &lt;strong&gt;cantidades adecuadas&lt;/strong&gt; en los &lt;strong&gt;momentos apropiados&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt; ¿Qué alimentos debo consumir si tengo diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Comer los alimentos adecuados para la diabetes significa comer una variedad de alimentos saludables de todos los grupos de alimentos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frutas y vegetales&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Granos integrales&lt;/strong&gt; como trigo integral, arroz integral, cebada, quinua y avena&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;Proteínas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, como carnes magras, pollo, pavo, pescado, huevos, nueces, frijoles, lentejas y tofu&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Productos lácteos descremados o bajos en grasa&lt;/strong&gt; como leche, yogur y queso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué alimentos debo limitar para controlar mi nivel de glucosa en sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para mantener su nivel de glucosa en la sangre bajo control, es posible que deba reducir el consumo de ciertos alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido de carbohidratos. Esto no significa que nunca pueda disfrutarlos. Pero necesitará consumirlos con menos frecuencia o en cantidades más pequeñas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los alimentos y bebidas que debe limitar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alimentos y bebidas ricos en carbohidratos&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alimentos azucarados como dulces, galletas, pasteles, helados, cereales endulzados y frutas enlatadas con azúcar agregada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bebidas con azúcares añadidos, como jugos, refrescos regulares y bebidas deportivas o energéticas regulares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Arroz blanco, tortillas, panes y pastas, especialmente los elaborados con harina blanca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Verduras con almidón, como papas blancas, maíz y guisantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alimentos fritos&lt;/strong&gt; y otros productos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas y trans&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alimentos altos en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sodio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (sal)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alcohol&lt;/strong&gt;: Si bebe, debe hacerlo con moderación. Esto significa no más de una bebida estándar al día si es mujer o dos bebidas estándar al día si es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué más debo saber sobre las dietas para diabéticos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, es importante consumir la cantidad adecuada de alimentos todos los días. Su plan de alimentación incluirá cuánto comer, de modo que obtenga la cantidad recomendada de carbohidratos en cada comida o refrigerio. Aprenderá a contar carbohidratos y medir su comida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También es importante comer en el momento adecuado. Deberá planificar comidas regulares y equilibradas para evitar niveles de glucosa en sangre que son demasiado altos o demasiado bajos para usted. Puede ayudar consumir cerca de la misma cantidad de carbohidratos en cada comida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Comer sano para controlar la glucosa en sangre requiere cierto esfuerzo. Pero la recompensa es la oportunidad de vivir una vida más saludable con diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048" language="English">Diabetic Diet</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985">Diabetes tipo 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931">Diabetes tipo 2</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes, Dieta</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentación saludable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/healthy-eating/alimentacion-saludable.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contar carbohidratos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/healthy-eating/contar-carbohidratos.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de carbohidratos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000321.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los alimentos tradicionales de su cultura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/healthy-eating/diabetes-y-alimentos-tradicionales.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los suplementos dietéticos" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-diabetes-y-los-suplementos-dieteticos-en-detalles" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/diabetes-and-dietary-supplements-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y nutrición" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/diabetes-y-nutricion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/diabetes-and-nutrition/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para la diabetes gestacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007430.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta vegetariana: ¿Puede ayudarme a controlar mi diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/faq-20058117?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/FAQ-20058117?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes artificiales y otros sustitutos del azúcar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edulcorantes y sustitutos del azúcar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007492.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indice glucémico y diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000941.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición, alimentación y actividad física si se tiene diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/nutricion-alimentacion-actividad-fisica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/healthy-living-with-diabetes?dkrd=/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planificación de comidas para personas con diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/healthy-eating/planificacion-de-comidas.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planificación de las comidas para la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007429.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ricas recetas para personas con diabetes y sus familiares" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/pdfs/resources/spanish-tasty-recipe-508.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar refrigerios cuando se tiene diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000322.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pueden las personas diabéticas consumir bocadillos nocturnos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/faq-20058372?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el método del plato para diabéticos?" url="https://diabetesfoodhub.org/es/blog/que-es-el-metodo-del-plato-para-diabeticos" language-mapped-url="https://diabetesfoodhub.org/blog/what-diabetes-plate">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Diabetes</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una dieta vegana se enfoca en la alimentación con vegetales. Hay varios tipos. Infórmese sobre qué se debe incluir para obtener los nutrientes necesarios." title="Dieta vegetariana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vegetariandiet.html" id="2219" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Vegetarianismo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una dieta vegetariana se enfoca a la alimentación con verduras. Esto incluye frutas, verduras, guisantes y alubias secas, granos, semillas y nueces. No existe un único tipo de dieta vegetariana. Los modelos de alimentación vegetariana suelen entrar en uno de los siguientes grupos:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La dieta vegetariana estricta, que excluye todas las carnes y productos animales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La dieta lacto vegetariana, que incluye alimentos derivados de las plantas y productos lácteos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La dieta lacto-ovo vegetariana, que incluye productos lácteos y huevos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que siguen dietas vegetarianas pueden obtener todos los nutrientes que necesitan. Sin embargo, deben tener cuidado de comer una amplia variedad de alimentos para cubrir sus necesidades nutricionales. Los nutrientes vegetarianos deben enfocarse en incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteínas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html"&gt;hierro&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt;, zinc y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B12&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vegetariandiet.html" id="1613" language="English">Vegetarian Diet</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vegetarianismo</see-reference>
<site title="Dieta para personas vegetarianas que padecen problemas renales: ¿Qué ocurre con las proteínas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta vegetariana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002465.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta vegetariana: Cómo obtener la mejor nutrición" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta vegetariana: ¿Puede ayudarme a controlar mi diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/faq-20058117?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/FAQ-20058117?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legumbres" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/las-legumbres/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/la-proteina/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soja" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/la-soja/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B-12" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vitamina-b-12/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vitamin-b-12/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo ser una vegetariana saludable?" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/como-puedo-ser-una-vegetariana-saludable/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fat is not always bad for you. In fact, you need some fat in your diet. Learn about healthy fats and what to avoid." title="Dietary Fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593" language="English" date-created="09/02/2003">
<also-called>Lipids</also-called>
<also-called>Monounsaturated fat</also-called>
<also-called>Polyunsaturated fat</also-called>
<also-called>Saturated fat</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Fat is a type of nutrient. You need some fat in your diet but not too much. Fats give you energy and help your body absorb vitamins. Dietary fat also plays a major role in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But not all fats are the same. You should try to avoid:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Saturated fats such as butter, solid shortening, and lard&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trans fats. These are found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, cookies, snack foods, and other foods made with or fried in partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs). By 2018, most U.S. companies will not be allowed to add PHOs to food.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Try to replace them with oils such as canola, olive, safflower, sesame, or sunflower. Of course, eating too much fat will put on the pounds.  Fat has twice as many calories as proteins or carbohydrates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html" id="3594" language="Spanish">Grasas en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004041">Dietary Fats</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1598">How to Prevent Heart Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6387">Lipid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fats, Dietary</see-reference>
<see-reference>Omega-3 Fatty Acids</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trans Fats</see-reference>
<site title="7 Things to Know about Omega-3 Fatty Acids" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-omega-fatty-acids">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Butter vs. Margarine: Which Is Better for My Heart?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/butter-vs-margarine/faq-20058152?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/butter-vs-margarine/faq-20058152?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Butter, margarine, and cooking oils" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dietary Fats" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=dietary+fats&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fatty Acids" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Fatty+Acids%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fatty Acids, Omega-3" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Fatty+Acids,+Omega-3%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cooking with Healthier Fats and Oils" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/tip-fats-and-oils.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Fat and Cholesterol" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/dietary-fat-and-cholesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-colesterol-y-las-grasas/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary fats explained" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eat Healthy: More Key Topics (Oils, Sugars, Saturated Fat, Sodium, Alcohol)" url="https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/more-key-topics">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about monounsaturated fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about polyunsaturated fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about saturated fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about trans fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fats (for parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fat.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Figuring Out Fat and Calories" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fat-calories.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fat-calories.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Low-fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Track Saturated Fat" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fat-grams/faq-20058496?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fat-grams/faq-20058496?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Fats" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fat.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Omega-3 fats - Good for your heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omega-3 Supplements: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/omega3-supplements-in-depth">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Fats" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dietary+Fats%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="The Skinny on Fat: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/skinny-fat" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/lo-delgado-sobre-la-grasa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Skinny on Fats" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia/the-skinny-on-fats">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Chia Seeds?" url="https://www.eatright.org/food/food-groups/fats/what-are-chia-seeds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fiber helps control your weight by making you feel full faster. It also helps prevent constipation. Learn more about fiber and high fiber foods." title="Dietary Fiber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html" id="3059" language="English" date-created="01/09/2003">
<also-called>Bulk</also-called>
<also-called>Roughage</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Fiber is a substance in plants. Dietary fiber is the kind you eat. It's a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrate&lt;/a&gt;. You may also see it listed on a food label as soluble fiber or insoluble fiber. Both types have important health benefits.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Good sources of dietary fiber include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whole grains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nuts and seeds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fruit and vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dietary fiber adds bulk to your diet and makes you feel full faster, helping you control your weight. It helps digestion and helps prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;. Most Americans don't eat enough dietary fiber. But add it to your diet slowly. Increasing dietary fiber too quickly can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt;, bloating, and cramps.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html" id="3060" language="Spanish">Fibra en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004043">Dietary Fiber</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html" id="194">Colonic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html" id="200">Constipation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fiber</see-reference>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Fiber: Essential for a Healthy Diet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Easy Ways to Boost Fiber in Your Daily Diet" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/essential-nutrients/carbohydrates/easy-ways-to-boost-fiber-in-your-daily-diet">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002470.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiber" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fiber.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fiber.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiber and Your Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fiber.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fiber.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiber Supplements: Safe to Take Every Day?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fiber-supplements/faq-20058513?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fiber-supplements/faq-20058513?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiber: The Carb that Helps You Manage Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/fiber-helps-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/resources/features/role-of-fiber.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="High-fiber foods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Get More Fiber in Your Diet" url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-fiber diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-Fiber Foods" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/coping/nutrition/low-fiber-foods.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Fiber" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dietary+Fiber%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rough Up Your Diet: Fit More Fiber Into Your Day" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/rough-up-your-diet" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/fortalezca-su-dieta">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You need to eat protein every day. How much depends on your age, sex, and physical activity. Learn about types of protein and high protein foods." title="Dietary Proteins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html" id="3668" language="English" date-created="12/02/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Protein is in every cell in the body. Our bodies need protein from the foods we eat to build and maintain bones, muscles and skin. We get proteins in our diet from meat, dairy products, nuts, and certain grains and beans. Proteins from meat and other animal products are complete proteins. This means they supply all of the amino acids the body can't make on its own. Most plant proteins are incomplete. You should eat different types of plant proteins every day to get all of the amino acids your body needs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to get enough dietary protein. You need to eat protein every day, because your body doesn't store it the way it stores fats or carbohydrates.  How much you need depends on your age, sex, health, and level of physical activity. Most Americans eat enough protein in their diet.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html" id="3669" language="Spanish">Proteínas en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004044">Dietary Proteins</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html" id="3670">Carbohydrates</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>Proteins</see-reference>
<site title="Are High-protein Diets Safe for Weight Loss?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dietary Proteins" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=dietary+proteins&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eat Healthy: Protein Foods" url="https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/protein-foods">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kwashiorkor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001604.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/protein/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002467.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Proteins" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dietary+Proteins%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vary Your Protein Routine" url="https://www.myplate.gov/tip-sheet/vary-your-protein-routine">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dietary supplements include vitamins and minerals. Get the facts about dietary supplements and how to use them safely." title="Dietary Supplements" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html" id="3538" language="English" date-created="08/05/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Dietary supplements are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;herbs&lt;/a&gt;, and many other products.  They can come as pills, capsules, powders, drinks, and energy bars. Supplements do not have to go through the testing that drugs do.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some supplements can play an important role in health. For example, calcium and vitamin D are important for keeping bones strong. Pregnant women can take the vitamin folic acid to prevent certain birth defects in their babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To take a supplement as safely as possible:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tell your health care provider about any dietary supplements you use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do not take a bigger dose than the label recommends&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check with your health care provider about the supplements you take if you are going to have any type of surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Read trustworthy information about the supplement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Complementary and Alternative Therapies</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html" id="3539" language="Spanish">Suplementos en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019587">Dietary Supplements</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590">Antioxidants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html" id="2780">Calcium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132">Complementary and Integrative Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" id="1611">Folic Acid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html" id="1246">Herbal Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Trace Elements</see-reference>
<site title="10 Things To Know About Dietary Supplements for Children and Teens" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-dietary-supplements-for-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="5 Things to Know about Probiotics" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-probiotics">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="5 Things To Know About Type 2 Diabetes and Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-type-diabetes-and-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="5 Tips: What Consumers Need To Know about Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/tips-what-consumers-need-to-know-about-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="8 Tips: High Cholesterol and Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/high-cholesterol-and-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alerts and Advisories" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/news/alerts">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Apetamin: An Illegally Imported Weight Gain, Figure Augmentation Product" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/apetamin-illegally-imported-weight-gain-figure-augmentation-product">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botanical Dietary Supplements: Background Information" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/BotanicalBackground-Consumer/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caution Consumers: Honey-Based or Honey-Flavored Syrup Products May Pose Health Risk" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/caution-consumers-honey-based-or-honey-flavored-syrup-products-may-pose-health-risk">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dietary Supplements" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=dietary+supplements&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Trace Elements" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Trace+Elements%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colloidal Silver: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colloidal-silver-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Minerals" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/mineralsdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Vitamins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/vitaminsdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary and Herbal Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/dietary-and-herbal-supplements">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database" url="https://dsid.od.nih.gov/index.php">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)" url="https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/complementary-and-integrative-medicine/dietary-supplements.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/medicina-complementaria-e-integral/dietary-supplements.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vitamins-and-supplements/dietary-supplements-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vitaminas/suplementos-dieteticos">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements for Toddlers" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/pages/Dietary-Supplements-for-Toddlers.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/paginas/dietary-supplements-for-toddlers.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/pdf/factsheets/WeightLoss-Consumer.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements: Tips for Women" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/dietary-supplements-tips-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/fda-en-espanol/articulos-para-el-consumidor/suplementos-dieteticos">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WYNTK-Consumer/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Do You Need Dietary Supplements? Vitamins, Minerals, and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/12/do-you-need-dietary-supplements" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/necesita-suplementos-dieteticos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug-Nutrient Interactions and Drug-Supplement Interactions: Examples of Dietary Supplement Interactions" url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-nutrient-interactions-and-drug-supplement-interactions-examples-of-dietary-supplement-interactions/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejemplos-de-las-interacciones-de-suplementos-dieteticos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="FDA 101: Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-101-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="FDA Warns of Use of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) among Teens, Young Adults" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-warns-use-selective-androgen-receptor-modulators-sarms-among-teens-young-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Kratom Safe?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/08/kratom-safe" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-seguro-el-kratom">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/how-medications-and-supplements-can-interact/introduction">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Herbs and Supplements" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/herb_All.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/herb_All.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Natural Doesn't Necessarily Mean Safer, or Better" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/natural-doesnt-mean-better">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Omega-3 Supplements: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/omega3-supplements-in-depth">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pomegranate" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/pomegranate">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-usefulness-and-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dietary+Supplements%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions and Answers on Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/information-consumers-using-dietary-supplements/questions-and-answers-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe): In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sadenosyllmethionine-same-in-depth">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sports Supplements" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sports-supplements.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sports-supplements.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Supplements and Men's Health" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/essential-nutrients/supplements/supplements-and-mens-health">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tianeptine Products Linked to Serious Harm, Overdoses, Death" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tianeptine-products-linked-serious-harm-overdoses-death" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-de-tianeptina-se-han-asociado-danos-graves-sobredosis-y-muerte">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trace Elements: What They Do and Where to Get Them" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/trace-elements/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/oligoelementos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/158337/download">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using Dietary Supplements Wisely" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/using-dietary-supplements-wisely" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/uso-adecuado-de-los-suplementos-dieteticos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Watch Out for False Promises on Some Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/watch-out-false-promises-some-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss, Male Enhancement, and Other Products Sold Online or in Stores May Be Dangerous" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/weight-loss-male-enhancement-and-other-products-sold-online-or-stores-may-be-dangerous" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-para-bajar-de-peso-mejorar-el-desempeno-masculino-y-otros-mas-que-se-venden-en-linea-o">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mucha gente sigue dietas para bajar de peso. Algunas de ellas son sólo modas y raramente sirven para adelgazar. Infórmese sobre las que sí funcionan aquí" title="Dietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html" id="4925" language="Spanish" date-created="04/16/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;perder peso&lt;/a&gt; puede mejorar su salud. También podría ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con el peso, tales como enfermedades del corazón, diabetes, artritis y algunos tipos de cáncer. Una dieta saludable es una parte importante de un plan para perder peso. Esto:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede incluir frutas, vegetales, granos enteros y leche y productos lácteos descremados o con poca grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede incluir carnes magras, pollo, pescado, frijoles, huevos y nueces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Incluye un bajo consumo de grasas saturadas, grasas trans, colesterol, sal (sodio) y azúcares añadidos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La clave para perder peso es quemar más calorías de las que come y bebe. Una dieta puede ayudar a lograrlo a través del control de las porciones. Hay muchos tipos diferentes de dietas. Algunas, como la dieta mediterránea, describen una forma tradicional de comer de una región específica. Otras, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;plan de alimentación DASH&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;dieta para bajar el colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, fueron diseñadas para personas que tienen ciertos problemas de salud, pero también pueden ayudar a perder peso. También hay dietas de moda o de choque que restringen bastante las calorías o los tipos de alimentos que permiten comer. Pueden sonar prometedoras pero rara vez conducen a una pérdida de peso permanente. También pueden no proporcionar todos los nutrientes que su cuerpo necesita.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de una dieta, añadir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;ejercicio&lt;/a&gt; a su vida diaria puede ayudarle a perder peso.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html" id="4924" language="English">Diets</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049">Dieta para diabéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vegetariandiet.html" id="2219">Dieta vegetariana</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="2247">Nutrición para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html" id="6279">Plan de alimentación DASH</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dieta para bajar de peso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ponerse a dieta</see-reference>
<site title="Adelgazamiento: Cómo escoger la dieta adecuada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20048466?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20048466?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentos que arruinan dietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000812.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentos que potencian su dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000810.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayunar o no ayunar: ¿Importa en qué momento como?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ayunar-o-no-ayunar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/12/fast-or-not-fast">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cinco preguntas sobre el ayuno intermitente" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cinco-preguntas-sobre-el-ayuno-intermitente" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-questions-about-intermittent-fasting">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de calorías: Bebidas alcohólicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000886.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de calorías: Comida rápida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de calorías: Refrescos y bebidas energéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000888.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controlar su peso con una alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener las porciones bajo control" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/portions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/portions.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta Atkins: ¿Qué tan ciertas son las afirmaciones?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/atkins-diet/art-20048485?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/atkins-diet/art-20048485?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en sal" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/dieta-baja-en-sal/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta con bajo contenido de hidratos de carbono" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta de índice glucémico: Qué hay detrás de las afirmaciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta mediterránea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/la-dieta-mediterranea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta mediterránea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para los cálculos biliares" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares/dieta" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para pérdida rápida de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietoterapia o terapia nutricional" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/medicina-alternativa-complementaria-e-integrativa/dietoterapia-o-terapia-nutricional" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/overview-of-nutrition/diets">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diez formas de reducir 500 calorías al día" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000892.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminando la comida chatarra de su alimentación" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/eliminando-la-comida-chatarra-de-su-alimentacion" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/02/dejunking-your-diet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000330_86.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000330_25.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evite los productos peligrosos de HCG para bajar de peso" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/evite-los-productos-peligrosos-de-hcg-para-bajar-de-peso" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/avoid-dangerous-hcg-diet-products">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitos y realidades sobre las dietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000895.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición y la pérdida de peso: Mitos y verdades" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/nutricion-perdida-peso-mitos-verdades" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/myths-nutrition-physical-activity">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables: Bajo en grasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuánto debo comer?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/cuanto-debo-comer" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/just-enough-food-portions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Funcionan las dietas de desintoxicación y las limpiezas?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/funcionan-las-dietas-de-desintoxicacion-y-las-limpiezas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/12/do-detox-diets-cleanses-work">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people follow diets to lose weight. Some diets are fad or crash diets that rarely lead to long term weight loss. Learn about what works." title="Diets" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html" id="4924" language="English" date-created="02/09/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you are overweight or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;losing weight&lt;/a&gt; can improve your health. It might also help you prevent weight-related diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and some cancers.  A healthy diet is an important part of a weight-loss program. It:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs and nuts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Goes easy on saturated fats, trans fat, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The key to losing weight is to burn more calories than you eat and drink. A diet can help you to do this through portion control.  There are many different types of diets. Some, like the Mediterranean diet, describe a traditional way of eating from a specific region. Others, like the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;DASH eating plan&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;diet to lower cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, were designed for people who have certain health problems. But they may also help you to lose weight. There are also fad or crash diets that severely restrict calories or the types of food you are allowed to eat. They may sound promising, but they rarely lead to permanent weight loss. They also may not provide all of the nutrients your body needs.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to a diet, adding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;exercise&lt;/a&gt; into your daily life can help you to lose weight.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html" id="4925" language="Spanish">Dietas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004038">Diet, Reducing</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083">Child Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" id="6278">DASH Eating Plan</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html" id="3048">Diabetic Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="1616">Nutrition for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vegetariandiet.html" id="1613">Vegetarian Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dieting</see-reference>
<see-reference>Weight-Loss Diet</see-reference>
<site title="10 ways to cut 500 calories a day" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000892.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="5 Questions About Intermittent Fasting" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-questions-about-intermittent-fasting" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cinco-preguntas-sobre-el-ayuno-intermitente">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics" url="https://www.eatright.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atkins Diet: What's Behind the Claims?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/atkins-diet/art-20048485?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/atkins-diet/art-20048485?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avoid Dangerous HCG Diet Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/avoid-dangerous-hcg-diet-products" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/evite-los-productos-peligrosos-de-hcg-para-bajar-de-peso">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calorie count - Alcoholic beverages" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calorie count - fast food" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calorie count - sodas and energy drinks" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000888.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohydrates" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/low-carb-diet/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/carbohidratos/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diet, Reducing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=diet+reducing&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Weight Loss" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22weight+loss%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DASH Diet: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/nutritiondefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dejunking Your Diet: The Drawbacks of Ultra-Processed Foods" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/02/dejunking-your-diet" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/eliminando-la-comida-chatarra-de-su-alimentacion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet for rapid weight loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet myths and facts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000895.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet-boosting foods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000810.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet-busting foods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000812.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieting and Gallstones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares/dieta">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Do Detox Diets and Cleanses Work?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/12/do-detox-diets-cleanses-work" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/funcionan-las-dietas-de-desintoxicacion-y-las-limpiezas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fad Diets vs. Healthy Behaviors" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/fad-diets/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Portions: Choosing Just Enough for You" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/just-enough-food-portions" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/cuanto-debo-comer">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Lifestyles for Healthy Older Adults" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/healthy-weights-for-healthy-older-adults">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Dairy Free" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/dairy-free/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Low Sodium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-sodium/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Low-fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Vegetarian" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/vegetarian/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Handle Food Cravings" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/how-to-handle-food-cravings">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Portions Under Control (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/portions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/portions.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-Carb Diet: Can It Help You Lose Weight?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/low-carb-diet/art-20045831?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediterranean diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Kitchen (Recipes)" url="https://www.myplate.gov/myplate-kitchen">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and Healthy Eating" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/low-glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diets" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diet%2C+Reducing%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Some Myths about Nutrition and Physical Activity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/myths-nutrition-physical-activity" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/nutricion-perdida-peso-mitos-verdades">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Truth Behind Weight Loss Ads" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/truth-behind-weight-loss-ads" language-mapped-url="https://www.consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/la-verdad-detras-de-los-anuncios-de-perdida-de-peso">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="To Fast or Not to Fast: Does When You Eat Matter?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/12/fast-or-not-fast" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ayunar-o-no-ayunar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss: Choosing a Diet That's Right for You" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20048466?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20048466?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Management and Healthy Living Tips" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/healthy-living-tips">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La difteria es una infección bacteriana. Se contrae del contacto con una persona u objeto infectado. La vacuna puede prevenirla. Síntomas, prevención." title="Difteria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html" id="1860" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La difteria es una infección bacteriana grave. Se puede contraer de la tos o estornudo de una persona infectada. También se puede infectar al entrar en contacto con un objeto, como un juguete, contaminado con la bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La difteria usualmente afecta la nariz y la garganta. Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios inflamados en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico la diagnostica en base a signos y síntomas y una prueba de laboratorio. Tratarse rápidamente la difteria es importante. Si su médico sospecha que usted la tiene, comenzará el tratamiento antes que las pruebas de laboratorio confirmen la infección. El tratamiento es con antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;vacuna contra el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina&lt;/a&gt; (DPT, por sus siglas en inglés) puede prevenir la difteria, pero su protección no dura para siempre. Los niños necesitan otras dosis o refuerzos alrededor de los 12 años. Los adultos deben recibir una dosis de refuerzo cada 10 años. La difteria es muy poco frecuente en los Estados Unidos gracias a la vacuna.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html" id="1512" language="English">Diphtheria</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6323">Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca de la difteria" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/es/about/acerca-de-la-difteria.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Difteria" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/diphtheria.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Difteria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001608.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Difteria: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diphtheria/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351903?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Difteria: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diphtheria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351897?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y complicaciones de la difteria" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/es/symptoms/sintomas-y-complicaciones-de-la-difteria.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about digestive disorders and how your gastrointestinal (GI) system works. Find out what tests you need in case you sense a problem." title="Digestive Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html" id="29" language="English" date-created="09/09/1999">
<also-called>Gastrointestinal diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you eat, your body breaks food down to a form it can use to build and nourish cells and provide energy. This process is called digestion. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Your digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube. It runs from your mouth to your anus and includes your esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.  Your liver, gallbladder and pancreas are also involved.  They produce juices to help digestion. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
There are many types of digestive disorders. The symptoms vary widely depending on the problem. In general, you should see your doctor if you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood in your stool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in bowel habits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unintentional weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;Heartburn&lt;/a&gt; not relieved by antacids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html" id="1859" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del sistema digestivo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004066">Digestive System Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/digestivediseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897">Celiac Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html" id="194">Colonic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html" id="200">Constipation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html" id="214">Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html" id="4291">Gas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512">GERD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html" id="4293">Indigestion</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5275">Intestinal Obstruction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html" id="310">Liver Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html" id="357">Peptic Ulcer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5446">Small Intestine Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html" id="420">Stomach Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gastrointestinal Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Long-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Short-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal sounds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003137.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium enema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black or tarry stools" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Digestive System Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Digestive+System+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastrointestinal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastrointestinal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intestinal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intestinal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Confusing or Ambiguous Upper Gut Symptoms" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/symptoms-causes/confusing-or-ambiguous-upper-gut-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="CT Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Digestive Terms" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/medical-definitions-glossary-dictionary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digestive diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007447.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digestive Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Digestive Health Tips" url="https://gi.org/topics/digestive-health-tips/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digestive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/digestive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/digestive.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digestive System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Effects of Aging on the Digestive System" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/biology-of-the-digestive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-digestive-system" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/biolog%C3%ADa-del-aparato-digestivo/efectos-del-envejecimiento-sobre-el-aparato-digestivo">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="EGD discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Bleeding: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal fistula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001129.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal perforation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000235.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Globus" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/globus/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose-galactose malabsorption: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glucose-galactose-malabsorption">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gut Troubles: Pain, Gassiness, Bloating, and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hiccups" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003068.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Your Gut in Check: Healthy Options to Stay on Tract" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/05/keeping-your-gut-check" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantener-el-intestino-bajo-control">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Teens GI" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/kids-teens/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn about GI Motility" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megacystis-microcolon-intestinal-hypoperistalsis-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mesenteric angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microvillus inclusion disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/microvillus-inclusion-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-neurogastrointestinal-encephalopathy-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MR Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peristalsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000097.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personal Relationships and Digestive Disorders" url="https://iffgd.org/manage-your-health/tips-and-daily-living/personal-relationships/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problems of the Digestive System" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/problems-of-the-digestive-system" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Problemas-del-sistema-digestivo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein-losing enteropathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007338.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein-Losing Enteropathy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/protein-losing-enteropathy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digestive Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Digestive+System+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiographic Tests in GI" url="https://gi.org/topics/gi-radiographic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Satiety - early" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003127.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Color: When to Worry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/stool-color/expert-answers/FAQ-20058080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/stool-color/expert-answers/faq-20058080?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool guaiac test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stools - floating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003128.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stools - foul smelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003132.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stools - pale or clay-colored" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003129.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI and small bowel series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Gastroenterologist?" url="https://gi.org/patients/gi-health-and-disease/what-is-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Gastroenterologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-gastroenterologist.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diphtheria is a bacterial infection spread through contact with an infected person or object. Diphtheria usually affects the nose and throat." title="Diphtheria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html" id="1512" language="English" date-created="08/07/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. You can catch it from a person who has the infection and coughs or sneezes. You can also get infected by coming in contact with an object, such as a toy, that has bacteria on it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diphtheria usually affects the nose and throat. Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sore throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen glands in the neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose it based on your signs and symptoms and a lab test. Getting treatment for diphtheria quickly is important. If your doctor suspects that you have it, you'll start treatment before the lab tests come back. Treatment is with antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine&lt;/a&gt; can prevent diphtheria, but its protection does not last forever.  Children need another dose, or booster, at about age 12.  Then, as adults, they should get a booster every 10 years. Diphtheria is very rare in the United States because of the vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html" id="1860" language="Spanish">Difteria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004165">Diphtheria</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Diphtheria" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/es/about/acerca-de-la-difteria.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diphtheria" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diphtheria%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diphtheria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001608.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diphtheria Photos" url="https://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/diphtheria/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diphtheria Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/es/symptoms/sintomas-y-complicaciones-de-la-difteria.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diphtheria" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diphtheria%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Diphtheria" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/diphtheria">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las instrucciones médicas por adelantado son documentos que informan a sus seres queridos sus decisiones sobre los cuidados al final de la vida. " title="Directivas médicas por adelantado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html" id="4152" language="Spanish" date-created="03/28/2005">
<also-called>Opciones para el final de la vida</also-called>
<also-called>Órdenes de no resucitar</also-called>
<also-called>Órdenes de resucitar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;¿Qué tipo de atención médica quisiera recibir si estuviera demasiado enfermo o lesionado para expresar su voluntad? Las instrucciones médicas por adelantado son documentos legales que le permiten transmitir antes de tiempo sus decisiones acerca de los cuidados en el  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html"&gt;final de la vida&lt;/a&gt;. Son una forma de comunicar sus deseos a su familia, amigos y profesionales de la salud y evitar confusiones más tarde.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un testamento en vida indica qué tratamientos usted quisiera recibir si tuviera una enfermedad mortal y estuviera en estado de inconsciencia permanente. Usted puede aceptar o rechazar atención médica. Estos son algunos tipos de directivas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Uso de aparatos de diálisis y respiradores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si desea que lo resuciten en caso de tener un paro cardíaco o respiratorio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Alimentación por sonda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Donación de sus órganos o tejidos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un poder legal duradero para el cuidado de la salud es un documento que nombra a su apoderado para su atención médica. El apoderado es una persona en la que usted confía para tomar las decisiones de su atención médica en caso de que usted no pueda hacerlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html" id="4151" language="English">Advance Directives</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyissues.html" id="1899">Asuntos familiares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html" id="1844">Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html" id="1962">Cuidados de hospicio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Órdenes de no resucitar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Órdenes de resucitar</see-reference>
<site title="Asuntos financieros y las personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/planificacion-legal-financiera/asuntos-financieros-personas-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/legal-and-financial-planning-people-alzheimers">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Decidir respecto a tratamientos que prolongan la vida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directivas por anticipado" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/directivas-por-anticipado.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/advance-directives.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directrices anticipadas y órdenes de no resucitar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/directrices-anticipadas-y-ordenes-de-no-resucitar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/advance-directives-and-do-not-resuscitate-orders/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Documento de voluntades anticipadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000472.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instrucciones por adelantado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/manejo-del-cancer/instrucciones-adelantadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/advance-directives">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones para el final de la vida: RCP y ONR (CPR &amp; DNR)" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/opciones-para-el-final-de-la-vida-rcp-y-onr-cpr-dnr/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/advanced-illness-cpr-dnr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planificación anticipada para los cuidados de salud" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/planificacion-legal-financiera/planificacion-anticipada-cuidados-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/advance-care-planning-advance-directives-health-care">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ponga sus asuntos en orden" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/planificacion-legal-financiera/ponga-sus-asuntos-orden" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/getting-your-affairs-order-checklist-documents-prepare-future">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Representantes para cuidados médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000469.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testamentos vitales y directivas anticipadas para las decisiones médicas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/living-wills/art-20046303?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/living-wills/art-20046303?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="About one in five people in the U.S. has a disability. Some people are born with one. Others have them because of an illness or injury. Learn more about available resources." title="Disabilities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html" id="527" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are disabilities?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A disability is any condition of your body or mind that makes it more difficult for you to do one or more major life activities and interact with the world around you.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are many types of disabilities, such as those that can affect your:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Hearing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;Movement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Remembering&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Learning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Communicating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html"&gt;Mental health&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social relationships&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More than 1 in 4 adults in the United States have some type of disability. Even though they all have disabilities, they can have a wide range of needs. For example, even people who have same type of disability can be affected in very different ways. Also, some disabilities are "visible" (easy to see), for example when someone is in a wheelchair. But other disabilities are "invisible" (hidden or not easy to see), such as problems with hearing, thinking, or learning.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes disabilities?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Disabilities can have different causes. Some disabilities are present at birth, while others may happen later in life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of disabilities that are present at birth can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;Disorders in single genes&lt;/a&gt;, such as Duchenne &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;muscular dystrophy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disorders of chromosomes, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposures (before birth) to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;substances&lt;/a&gt;, such as drugs, alcohol, or cigarettes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of disabilities that happen later in life can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord injuries&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatic brain injuries&lt;/a&gt; (TBIs), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html"&gt;back injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic (long-lasting) diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Mental health problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt; and other causes of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can disabilities affect your health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having a disability does not mean a person cannot be healthy. In fact, many people with disabilities report that their health as good or better. But they may have or be at risk of health problems related to their disability, called "secondary conditions." These conditions may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html"&gt;Bowel&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;bladder&lt;/a&gt; problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;Chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mental health problems, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;substance use disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overweight and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pressuresores.html"&gt;Pressure sores&lt;/a&gt; or ulcers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many of these conditions can be prevented, and there are treatments for them. It's also important for people with disabilities to get health care that meets their needs as a whole person, not just as a person with a disability.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can people with disabilities get and stay healthy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Just like for people who don't have a disability, having a healthy lifestyle is important for people who do have a disability. A healthy lifestyle includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html"&gt;healthy foods&lt;/a&gt; in healthy portions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sun exposure&lt;/a&gt; and using sunscreen to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html"&gt;skin cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking, and if needed, getting help to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;Using medicines wisely&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not drinking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; or drinking in moderation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting help for any substance use or mental health problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying in touch with family and friends&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What kinds of resources are there for people with disabilities? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Managing a disability can sometimes be challenging. There are resources that can help:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Assistive devices&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html"&gt;mobility aids&lt;/a&gt; can make daily tasks easier.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Schools can develop plans around the specific needs of a child with a disability. The goal of the plans is to give the child an opportunity to perform at the same level as other children their age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Support networks, such as disability organizations, can help you learn more about resources for you and your family. Support groups can help you connect with other people who have the same disability. They can provide emotional and social support. They are also a place where people can share tips about how to deal with day-to-day challenges.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Government programs may provide benefits, job training, employment resources, and protection against discrimination.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html" id="1861" language="Spanish">Discapacidades</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D066086">Health Services for Persons with Disabilities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006233">Disabled Persons</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136">Assistive Devices</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="209">Developmental Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html" id="306">Learning Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html" id="518">Limb Loss</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" id="4141">Mobility Aids</related-topic>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benefits for Children with Disabilities" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10026.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10926.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Social Security Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Siblings of Kids with Disabilities" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/siblings-special-needs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/siblings-special-needs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Disabled Persons" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Disabled+Persons%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disability and Health" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disability and Health Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandhealth/disability.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disability and Obesity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Service Animals and the ADA" url="https://www.ada.gov/resources/service-animals-faqs/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Justice</organization>
</site>
<site title="Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Individuals with Disabilities (Disaster Preparation)" url="https://www.ready.gov/disability" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/discapacidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Office of Disability Employment Policy" url="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disability Employment Policy</organization>
</site>
<site title="People with disabilities" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Services+for+Persons+with+Disabilities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Disabled+Persons%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety Plan Considerations" url="https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/disability-safety/safety-plan.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandsafety/trauma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers with Disabilities and Medical Conditions" url="https://www.tsa.gov/travel/tsa-cares/disabilities-and-medical-conditions">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Transportation Security Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Preparing for a disaster can reduce the fear, anxiety and losses that disasters cause. Learn how to be ready." title="Disaster Preparation and Recovery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="530" language="English" date-created="12/20/1999">
<full-summary>
&lt;p&gt;Preparing for a disaster can reduce the fear, anxiety and losses that disasters cause. A disaster can be a  natural disaster, like a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html"&gt;hurricane&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tornadoes.html"&gt;tornado&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html"&gt;flood&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html"&gt;earthquake&lt;/a&gt;. It might also be  man-made, like a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterrorist attack&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chemicalemergencies.html"&gt;chemical spill&lt;/a&gt;. You should know the risks and danger signs of different types of disasters. You should also have a disaster plan. Be ready to evacuate your home, and know how to treat basic medical problems. Make sure you have the insurance you need, including special types, like flood insurance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No matter what kind of disaster you experience, it causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;emotional distress&lt;/a&gt;. After a disaster, recovery can take time. Stay connected to your family and friends during this period.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="1862" language="Spanish">Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018635">Rescue Work</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004190">Disasters</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004189">Disaster Planning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064891">Disaster Victims</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012066">Relief Work</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550">Biodefense and Bioterrorism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3174">Chemical Emergencies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3797">Coping with Disasters</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html" id="4594">Earthquakes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html" id="240">First Aid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html" id="4596">Floods</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html" id="280">Heat Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html" id="4614">Hurricanes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="367">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html" id="4598">Radiation Emergencies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tornadoes.html" id="4602">Tornadoes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html" id="4606">Tsunamis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/volcanoes.html" id="4600">Volcanoes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html" id="4604">Wildfires</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4608">Winter Weather Emergencies</related-topic>
<see-reference>Emergency Preparedness</see-reference>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Be Prepared: Pet Safety in Emergencies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/emergency-preparedness/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/Spanish/especialesCDC/MascotasDesastreNatural/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Disease in Uncertain Times: Be Prepared and Plan Ahead" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/chronic-disease-uncertain-times" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-enfermedades-cronicas-en-tiempos-de-incertidumbre">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Disasters" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Disasters%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Homeland Security" url="https://www.dhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disaster Master" url="https://www.ready.gov/kids/games/data/dm-english/" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids/games/data/dm-spanish/">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disaster Preparedness and Recovery for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/disaster-preparedness-and-recovery-older-adults">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Disinfection of Drinking Water" url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/emergency-disinfection-drinking-water" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/desinfeccion-de-agua-potable-en-situaciones-de-emergencia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Preparedness and Response" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/index.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Wound Care after a Natural Disaster" url="https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/hurricanes/pdf/woundcare.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flood Preparedness and Response" url="https://www.osha.gov/flood/response">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guidelines for Cleaning Safely after a Disaster" url="https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/safety/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/cleanup/facts.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Cope with Sheltering in Place" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4893.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4893spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Make Water Safe in an Emergency" url="https://www.cdc.gov/water-emergency/about/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/emergency/es/hygiene-handwashing-diapering/handwashing-and-hygiene-during-emergencies.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Individuals with Disabilities (Disaster Preparation)" url="https://www.ready.gov/disability" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/discapacidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep Food Safe after a Disaster or Emergency" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/keep-food-safe-after-emergency.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Power Outages" url="https://www.ready.gov/power-outages" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/apagones">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disaster planning" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Disaster+Victims%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Rescue+Work%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Relief+Work%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Disasters%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Disaster+Planning%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety Messages for Pregnant, Postpartum, and Breastfeeding People During Natural Disasters and Severe Weather" url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/emergency-preparation-response/safety-messages.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/features/spanish/seguridad-desastres-padres/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shelter" url="https://www.ready.gov/shelter" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/refugio">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Returning Home Safely After a Disaster" url="https://www.fema.gov/fact-sheet/tips-returning-home-safely-after-disaster" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es/fact-sheet/tips-returning-home-safely-after-disaster">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Air Quality and Ionizing Radiation" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/air-quality-and-ionizing-radiation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do to Protect Yourself during a Power Outage" url="https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/response/what-to-do-protect-yourself-during-a-power-outage.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/poweroutage/needtoknow.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas discapacitadas pueden trabajar y gozar de una vida saludable y plena, y de hecho lo hacen. Infórmese aquí." title="Discapacidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html" id="1861" language="Spanish" date-created="04/18/2003">
<also-called>Necesidades especiales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las discapacidades?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una discapacidad es cualquier condición de su cuerpo o mente que le dificulta realizar una o más actividades importantes de la vida e interactuar con el mundo que le rodea.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de discapacidades, como las que pueden afectar su:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Visión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Audición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;Movimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Capacidad de recordar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comunicación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html"&gt;Salud mental&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Relaciones sociales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Más de uno de cada cuatro adultos en los Estados Unidos tiene algún tipo de discapacidad. Si bien todas estas personas tienen discapacidades, puede tener una amplia gama de necesidades. Por ejemplo, incluso las personas que tienen el mismo tipo de discapacidad pueden verse afectadas de formas muy diferentes. Además, algunas discapacidades son "visibles" (evidentes a la vista), por ejemplo, cuando alguien está en silla de ruedas. Pero otras discapacidades son "invisibles" (ocultas o difíciles de ver), como los problemas de audición, pensamiento o aprendizaje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las discapacidades?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las discapacidades pueden tener diferentes causas. Algunas están presentes al nacer, mientras que otras pueden aparecer más adelante en la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de discapacidades presentes al nacer pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos en genes&lt;/a&gt; individuales, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;distrofia muscular&lt;/a&gt; de Duchenne&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos de los cromosomas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Down&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposición antes del nacimiento a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;sustancias&lt;/a&gt; como drogas, alcohol o cigarrillos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de discapacidades que ocurren más adelante en la vida pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones de la médula espinal&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;lesión cerebral traumática&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html"&gt;espalda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades crónicas (de larga duración), como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad del corazón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de los riñones&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;Cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Problemas de salud mental&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt; y otras causas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo las discapacidades pueden afectar su salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tener una discapacidad no significa que una persona no pueda estar sana. De hecho, muchas personas con discapacidades dicen que su salud es buena o mejor. Pero ellas pueden tener o estar en riesgo de problemas de salud relacionados con su discapacidad, lo que se conoce como "afecciones secundarias". Estas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html"&gt;intestinales&lt;/a&gt; o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;vejiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;Dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de salud mental, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sobrepeso y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pressuresores.html"&gt;Úlceras por presión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas de estas afecciones se pueden prevenir y hay tratamientos disponibles para ellas. También es importante que las personas con discapacidades reciban atención médica que satisfaga sus necesidades como personas íntegras, no solo como alguien con una discapacidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo pueden las personas con discapacidades estar y mantenerse saludables?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al igual que para las personas que no tienen una discapacidad, tener un estilo de vida saludable es importante para las personas que sí la tienen. Un estilo de vida saludable incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer actividad física con regularidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;Consumir alimentos saludables&lt;/a&gt; en porciones sanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;exposición al sol&lt;/a&gt; y usar protector solar para prevenir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html"&gt;cáncer de piel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar y, si lo necesita, obtener ayuda para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;Usar medicamentos apropiadamente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No beber &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; o beber con moderación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener ayuda para cualquier problema de abuso de sustancias o salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenerse en contacto con familiares y amigos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipo de recursos existen para las personas con discapacidades?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, manejar una discapacidad puede ser un desafío. Pero hay recursos que pueden ayudar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html"&gt;dispositivos de asistencia&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html"&gt;aparatos para la movilidad asistida&lt;/a&gt; pueden facilitar las tareas diarias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las escuelas pueden desarrollar planes en función de las necesidades específicas de un niño con una discapacidad. El objetivo de los planes es darle al niño la oportunidad de desempeñarse al mismo nivel que otros niños de su edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las redes de apoyo, como las organizaciones de personas con discapacidades, pueden ayudar a obtener más información sobre recursos para usted y su familia. Los grupos de apoyo pueden ayudar a conectarse con otras personas con su misma discapacidad brindando apoyo emocional y social. También son un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir sugerencias sobre cómo enfrentar los desafíos diarios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los programas del gobierno pueden brindar beneficios, capacitación laboral, recursos de empleo y protección contra la discriminación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html" id="527" language="English">Disabilities</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" id="4142">Aparatos para movilidad asistida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html" id="2001">Problemas de aprendizaje</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html" id="1738">Pérdida de extremidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137">Tecnología asistencial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="1850">Trastornos del desarrollo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lisiados</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de mujeres con discapacidad" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disabilities/mujeres-discapacidades?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acoso y los jóvenes con discapacidades y necesidades de salud especiales" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkr9/necesidades-especiales" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/special-needs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios para niños incapacitados" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10926.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10026.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidar de los hermanos de niños con discapacidades" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/siblings-special-needs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/siblings-special-needs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comunicarse con las personas con discapacidades y cómo referirse a ellas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandhealth/fs-communicating-with-people.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidad y salud" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidades y la salud" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandhealth/disability.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidades y obesidad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudiantes con discapacidades preparandose para la educacion: Conozca sus derechos y responsabilidades" url="https://www.ed.gov/espanol/conozca-sus-leyes-y-derechos/estudiantes-con-discapacidades">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Educación de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños con necesidades especiales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/special-needs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/special-needs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y las niñas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo (DID) pueden padecer de estrés traumático" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources/fact-sheet/children-with-intellectual-and-developmental-disabilities-can-experience-traumatic-stress-for-parents-and-caregivers-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas con discapacidades (y emergencias)" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/discapacidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/disability">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparación para casos de desastre para personas con discapacidad y otras necesidades especiales" url="https://www.fema.gov/pdf/library/spa_pfd_all476.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.redcross.org/images/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m4240199_A4497.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
<organization>Cruz Roja Americana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Programas de educación individualizados (IEP por sus siglas en inglés)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguro por incapacidad" url="https://www.ssa.gov/es/disability" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/disability">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terminología del Seguro Social" url="https://www.ssa.gov/espanol/agencia/glosario/glosario-espanol-ingles.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida saludable (personas con discapacidades)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/disabilityandhealth/healthyliving.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/healthyliving.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia contra la mujer con discapacidades" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/other-types/violence-against-women-disabilities">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los hombres con disfunción eréctil sufren problemas de erección o impotencia. Infórmese sobre por qué ocurre y cómo tratarla aquí." title="Disfunción eréctil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html" id="1972" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La disfunción eréctil (DE) es una disfunción sexual masculina común. Ocurre cuando se tiene dificultades para lograr o mantener una erección. Esta disfunción es más común a medida que se envejece pero no es parte natural del envejecimiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A algunas personas les cuesta hablar de sexo con el médico. Pero si tiene DE, debe comunicárselo. La DE puede ser una señal de problemas de salud. Puede significar que los vasos sanguíneos están tapados. Puede indicar que tiene una lesión nerviosa causada por diabetes. Si no va al doctor, estos problemas no se van a ir por su cuenta. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El médico puede ofrecerle varios tratamientos nuevos para la DE. Para muchos hombres la respuesta es tan simple como tomar una pastilla. Ejercitarse más, perder peso o dejar de fumar también puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html" id="118" language="English">Erectile Dysfunction</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html" id="2020">Enfermedades del pene</related-topic>
<see-reference>Disfunción sexual en hombres</see-reference>
<see-reference>Erección, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Impotencia</see-reference>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para problemas de erección" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000396.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bomba peniana" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/penis-pump/about/pac-20385225?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/penis-pump/about/pac-20385225?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre la disfunción eréctil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007617_101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007617_46.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/disfuncion-erectil-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/erectile-dysfunction/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/disfuncion-erectil" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil / Mejora del rendimiento sexual" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/disfuncion-erectil-mejora-del-rendimiento-sexual">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil y diabetes: Toma el control hoy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20043927?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20043927?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355782?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil: Viagra y otros medicamentos orales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20047821?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20047821?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil: ¿Una señal de enfermedad del corazón?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20045141?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20045141?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos de vacío para problemas de erección" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000985.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000985.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios relacionados con la fertilidad y la sexualidad en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios de Kegel para hombres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fármacos que pueden causar impotencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004024.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implantes penianos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/penile-implants/about/pac-20384916?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/penile-implants/about/pac-20384916?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pene curvo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/sym-20050628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/SYM-20050628?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de erección" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007617.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexo y el hombre adulto con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos dietéticos para la disfunción eréctil: ¿Son un tratamiento natural para la disfunción eréctil?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction-herbs/art-20044394?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction-herbs/ART-20044394?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con testosterona: Posibles beneficios y riesgos conforme envejeces" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las luxaciones ocurren cuando una lesión en una articulación (como la del hombro) separa al hueso de su posición. Tratamiento y diferentes tipos aquí." title="Dislocaciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html" id="3053" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Luxaciones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las dislocaciones (o luxaciones) son lesiones en las articulaciones que arrancan los extremos de los huesos y los sacan de su posición. La causa suele ser una caída o un golpe y, algunas veces, una consecuencia de practicar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;deporte&lt;/a&gt; de contacto. Pueden producirse dislocaciones en los tobillos, las rodillas, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html"&gt;hombros&lt;/a&gt;, la cadera, los codos y la mandíbula. También pueden dislocarse las articulaciones de los dedos de las manos y los pies. Las articulaciones dislocadas suelen hincharse, doler y encontrarse, a simple vista, fuera de lugar. Puede suceder que no pueda moverla.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una dislocación es una emergencia médica. Si esto sucede, busque atención médica en seguida. El tratamiento dependerá de la articulación afectada y de la gravedad de la lesión. Puede incluir maniobras para volver a poner los huesos en su lugar, medicamentos, férulas (yeso) o cabestrillo y rehabilitación. Cuando se vuelve a poner en su lugar, es posible que la articulación se mueva y funcione normalmente en unas semanas. Una dislocación de hombro o rótula puede que vuelva a dislocarse más adelante. Utilizar equipo protector durante la práctica de deportes puede ayudar a prevenir las dislocaciones. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html" id="3052" language="English">Dislocations</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html" id="2169">Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html" id="2235">Torceduras y distensiones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Luxaciones</see-reference>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una luxación del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer un cabestrillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000017.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocación de la rótula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001070.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocación: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/art-20056693?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/ART-20056693?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura o luxación mandibular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000019.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombro dislocado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inestabilidad del hombro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/inestabilidad-del-hombro-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shoulder-instability/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luxaciones de los huesos de la mano (Luxación de muñeca; luxación perilunar; luxación semilunar)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/luxaciones/luxaciones-de-los-huesos-de-la-mano">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luxación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000014.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luxación de la mandíbula" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/urgencias-dentales/luxaci%C3%B3n-de-la-mand%C3%ADbula" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/urgent-dental-problems/jaw-dislocation">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimiento para elaborar un cabestrillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100137_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100137_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subluxación de la cabeza del radio (codo dislocado)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000983.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para la luxación rotuliana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A dislocated shoulder is an injury that happens when the top of upper arm bone pops out of the socket in your shoulder blade. It is painful and serious, and should be treated right away. Learn more." title="Dislocated Shoulder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html" id="6927" language="English" date-created="05/07/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a dislocated shoulder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;shoulder&lt;/a&gt; joint is made up of three bones: your collarbone, your shoulder blade, and your upper arm bone. The top of your upper arm bone is shaped like a ball. This ball fits into a cuplike socket in your shoulder blade. A shoulder &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocation&lt;/a&gt; is an injury that happens when the ball pops out of your socket. A dislocation may be partial, where the ball is only partially out of the socket. It can also be a full dislocation, where the ball is completely out of the socket.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes a dislocated shoulder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They are also the most commonly dislocated joints.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common causes of shoulder dislocations are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;Sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Accidents, including traffic accidents&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;Falling&lt;/a&gt; on your shoulder or outstretched arm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;Seizures&lt;/a&gt; and electric shocks, which can cause muscle contractions that pull the arm out of place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for a dislocated shoulder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A dislocated shoulder can happen to anyone, but they are more common in young men, who are more often involved in sports and other physical activities. Older adults, especially women, are also at higher risk because they are more likely to fall.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of a dislocated shoulder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of a dislocated shoulder include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe shoulder pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling and bruising of your shoulder or upper arm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness and/or weakness in your arm, neck, hand, or fingers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble moving your arm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your arm seems to be out of place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle spasms in your shoulder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are having these symptoms, get medical treatment right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is a dislocated shoulder diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will take a medical history and examine your shoulder. Your provider may also ask you to get an x-ray to confirm the diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for a dislocated shoulder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for dislocated shoulder usually involves three steps:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first step is a &lt;strong&gt;closed reduction,&lt;/strong&gt; a procedure in which your health care provider puts the ball of your upper arm back into the socket. You may first get medicine to relieve the pain and relax your shoulder muscles. Once the joint is back in place, the severe pain should end.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The second step is &lt;strong&gt;wearing a sling&lt;/strong&gt; or other device to keep your shoulder in place. You will wear it for a few days to several weeks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The third step is &lt;strong&gt;rehabilitation,&lt;/strong&gt; once the pain and swelling have improved. You will do exercises to improve your range of motion and strengthen your muscles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need surgery if you injure the tissues or nerves around the shoulder or if you get repeated dislocations.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;A dislocation can make your shoulder unstable. When that happens, it takes less force to dislocate it. This means that there is a higher risk of it happening again. Your health care provider may ask you to continue doing some exercises to prevent another dislocation.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html" id="6928" language="Spanish">Hombro dislocado</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012783">Shoulder Dislocation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html" id="3052">Dislocations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620">Sports Injuries</related-topic>
<see-reference>Shoulder Dislocation</see-reference>
<site title="Chronic Shoulder Instability" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/chronic-shoulder-instability">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Dislocation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shoulder+Dislocation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Closed reduction of a fractured bone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Closed reduction of a fractured bone - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocated Shoulder" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/dislocated-shoulder">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocated shoulder - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocated Shoulder: Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371720?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocated Shoulder: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocated Shoulder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Shoulder+Dislocation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007346.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder joint dislocation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000111.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007359.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Trauma (Fractures and Dislocations)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/shoulder-trauma-fractures-and-dislocations">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dislocations are joint injuries that force bones out of position. A dislocation is a medical emergency. Learn about treatment and rehabilitation." title="Dislocations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html" id="3052" language="English" date-created="01/14/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position. The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sport&lt;/a&gt;. You can dislocate your ankles, knees, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html"&gt;shoulders&lt;/a&gt;, hips, elbows and jaw. You can also dislocate your finger and toe joints. Dislocated joints often are swollen, very painful and visibly out of place. You may not be able to move it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A dislocated joint is an emergency.  If you have one, seek medical attention. Treatment depends on which joint you dislocate and the severity of the injury. It might include manipulations to reposition your bones, medicine, a splint or sling, and rehabilitation. When properly repositioned, a joint will usually function and move normally again in a few weeks. Once you dislocate a shoulder or kneecap, you are more likely to dislocate it again. Wearing protective gear during sports may help prevent dislocations. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html" id="3053" language="Spanish">Dislocaciones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004204">Joint Dislocations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/dislocations.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html" id="6927">Dislocated Shoulder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620">Sports Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html" id="417">Sprains and Strains</related-topic>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Broken or dislocated jaw" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000019.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dislocations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dislocations%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creating a sling - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100137_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100137_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Dislocation (Dysplasia) of the Hip (DDH)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/developmental-dislocation-dysplasia-of-the-hip-ddh/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocated shoulder - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000014.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocation: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/ART-20056693?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/art-20056693?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to make a sling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaw Dislocation" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/urgent-dental-problems/jaw-dislocation" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/urgencias-dentales/luxaci%C3%B3n-de-la-mand%C3%ADbula">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kneecap dislocation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001070.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kneecap dislocation - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nursemaid's elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000983.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocations" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Joint+Dislocations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Instability" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shoulder-instability/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/inestabilidad-del-hombro-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las disparidades de la salud se refieren a las diferencias en el estado de salud de diferentes grupos de personas. Infórmese aquí." title="Disparidades de la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthdisparities.html" id="4579" language="Spanish" date-created="09/15/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las disparidades de la salud son diferencias de diferentes grupos de personas. Estas diferencias de la salud pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas tienen ciertas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tan severas son estas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas tienen complicaciones por estas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas mueren por estas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si las personas tienen acceso a atención de salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas se someten a exámenes de diagnóstico&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos grupos pueden estar basados en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Raza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Etnicidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estado inmigratorio  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Discapacidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sexo o género&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orientación sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Geografía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ingresos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nivel educacional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthdisparities.html" id="4578" language="English">Health Disparities</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCMHD">Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealth.html" id="2230">Salud de las mujeres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142">Salud de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blackandafricanamericanhealth.html" id="1725">Salud de los afroamericanos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asianamericanhealth.html" id="1759">Salud de los asiáticoamericanos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latinoandhispanicamericanhealth.html" id="1958">Salud de los hispanos y latinos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menshealth.html" id="2030">Salud de los hombres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/americanindianandalaskanativehealth.html" id="2047">Salud de los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ruralhealthconcerns.html" id="3699">Salud rural</related-topic>
<site title="Diversidad en los estudios clínicos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/diversidad-en-los-estudios-clinicos-hoja-informativa" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/clinical-trial-diversity">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equidad en la salud relacionada con el cáncer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/health-equity/index.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas interesantes: Disparidades en salud de los embarazos" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/estadisticas-interesantes-disparidades-en-salud-de-los-embarazos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/by-the-numbers-health-disparities-in-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Los investigadores están exponiendo las preocupantes consecuencias de la contaminación ambiental" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-investigadores-estan-exponiendo-las-preocupantes-consecuencias-de-la-contaminacion-ambiental" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/researchers-are-exposing-troubling-consequences-of-air-pollution">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mortalidad materna" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reducir las desigualdades en salud frente al cáncer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cuidado-del-cancer-amplia-su-alcance" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/cancer-care-widens-its-reach">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Se identifican desigualdades en supervivencia de jóvenes afroamericanos con cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2016/colorrectal-supervivencia-desigualdades">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis y las personas de raza negra o afroamericanas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/populations/tbinafricanamericans/default.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/health-equity/black-or-african-american-persons.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡¿Por qué no puedo dormir?!" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/por-que-no-puedo-dormir" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-cant-i-sleep">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La distonía es un trastorno del movimiento que causa contracciones musculares involuntarias. Pueden doler. Infómese sobre los síntomas y tratamientos. " title="Distonía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html" id="1873" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La distonía es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno del movimiento&lt;/a&gt; que causa contracciones involuntarias de los músculos. Estas contracciones resultan en torsiones y movimientos repetitivos. Algunas veces son dolorosas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La distonía puede afectar solamente un músculo, un grupo de músculos o todos los músculos. Los síntomas pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html"&gt;temblores&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html"&gt;problemas en la voz&lt;/a&gt; o arrastrar un pie. Los síntomas suelen comenzar en la infancia. También pueden comenzar al final de la adolescencia o en la edad adulta temprana. Algunos casos empeoran con el tiempo. Otros son leves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas heredan esta afección. Otras, la desarrollan como consecuencia de otra enfermedad. Los investigadores consideran que la distonía proviene de un problema en la parte del cerebro que controla los mensajes relacionados con las contracciones musculares. No existe una cura. Pero los médicos usan medicinas, inyecciones de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html"&gt;Botox&lt;/a&gt;, cirugía, terapia física y otros tratamientos para reducir o eliminar los espasmos musculares y el dolor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html" id="1252" language="English">Dystonia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039">Trastornos del movimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tortícolis</see-reference>
<site title="Disfonía espasmódica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000753.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distonía cervical" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervical-dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distonía cervical" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/distonia-cervical-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distonías" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales,-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-movimiento/diston%C3%ADas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distonías" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/distonias" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/dystonias-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de toxina botulínica para espasmos musculares" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección de toxina botulínica para la laringe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007637.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Leigh" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12945/sindrome-de-leigh/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tortícolis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/torticollis-kids.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tortícolis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000749.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La distrofia muscular causa debilidad muscular y pérdida de la masa muscular. La de Duchenne es un tipo de éstas. Información general y control de síntomas" title="Distrofia muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html" id="2044" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la distrofia muscular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La distrofia muscular es un grupo de más de 30 &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades genéticas&lt;/a&gt;. Causan debilidad de los músculos. Con el tiempo, la debilidad empeora y puede causar problemas para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html"&gt;caminar&lt;/a&gt; y realizar las actividades diarias. Algunos tipos de distrofia muscular también pueden afectar otros órganos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de distrofia muscular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos diferentes de distrofia muscular. Algunos de los más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distrofia muscular de Duchenne: Es la forma infantil más común. Es grave y es más común en niños que en niñas. Los síntomas suelen comenzar entre los 3 y los 6 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distrofia muscular de Becker: Es similar a la de Duchenne, pero es menos grave y empeora más lentamente. A menudo comienza en la adolescencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distrofias musculares congénitas: Están presentes al nacer o antes de los 2 años. Pueden ser leves o graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distrofia muscular facioescapulohumeral: A menudo comienza en la adolescencia. Al principio, afecta los músculos de la cara, los hombros y la parte superior de los brazos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada uno de estos tipos de distrofia muscular puede tener muchas diferencias, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quién tiene más probabilidades de tenerlas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué músculos afectan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuándo aparecen, como en la infancia, la niñez, la mediana edad o más tarde&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuáles son sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tan serios son los síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tan rápido empeoran&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si se dan en familias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si afectan a otros órganos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Incluso dentro de un mismo tipo de distrofia muscular, las personas pueden tener diferentes síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la distrofia muscular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La distrofia muscular es genética, es decir, es causada por un cambio en uno o más genes. Los cambios genéticos también se denominan variantes o mutaciones genéticas. Los cambios genéticos de la distrofia muscular afectan las proteínas que fortalecen y protegen los músculos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Cada tipo de distrofia muscular es causada por diferentes cambios genéticos. Y, en ocasiones, las personas que tienen el mismo tipo de distrofia muscular pueden tener cambios genéticos distintos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La distrofia muscular puede ser hereditaria, o usted puede ser el primero en su familia en tener una.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la distrofia muscular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para averiguar si usted o su hijo tienen distrofia muscular, su profesional de la salud puede usar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica y familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre y orina, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; y pruebas de ciertas enzimas que pueden ser liberadas por los músculos dañados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsias&lt;/a&gt; musculares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/"&gt;Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa&lt;/a&gt; para averiguar si los músculos responden bien a las señales nerviosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Pruebas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/"&gt;electrocardiograma&lt;/a&gt;, ya que algunos tipos de distrofia muscular pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;problemas cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de ejercicio para medir la fuerza muscular y la respiración y detectar cualquier aumento en las tasas de ciertas sustancias químicas después del ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imágenes&lt;/a&gt; como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; para observar la calidad y el volumen muscular y medir el reemplazo graso del tejido muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la distrofia muscular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para la distrofia muscular. El tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Por lo general, incluye una combinación de terapias como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia física para ayudar a mantener los músculos flexibles y fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia ocupacional para volver a aprender habilidades motoras perdidas y aprender formas de trabajar sin usar los músculos debilitados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Atención respiratoria, como ejercicios de respiración, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxigenoterapia&lt;/a&gt; y ventiladores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia del habla para ayudar con los problemas del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;habla&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;deglución&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Aparatos de asistencia&lt;/a&gt;, como sillas de ruedas, férulas y aparatos ortopédicos; y andadores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para ayudar a retrasar el daño a los músculos o minimizar los síntomas de la distrofia muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía para tratar algunas de las afecciones asociadas con distrofia muscular, como problemas del corazón, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html"&gt;escoliosis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;cataratas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Desórdenes Neurológicos y Derrame Cerebral&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html" id="335" language="English">Muscular Dystrophy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Distrofia muscular  de Duchenne</see-reference>
<site title="Creatina cinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/creatina-cinasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatine-kinase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia miotónica" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2021/01/MDA-Educators-Flyer-DM_en-espanol.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/muscular-dystrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375388?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscular-dystrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375388?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12609/distrofia-muscular/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/distrofia-muscular" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/muscular-dystrophy-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001190.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/muscular-dystrophy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/muscular-dystrophy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular de Becker" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000706.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular de Becker" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/becker-md.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/becker-md.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular de Duchenne" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/duchenne-md.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/duchenne-md.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular de Duchenne" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000705.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular facioescapulohumeral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000707.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia muscular: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/muscular-dystrophy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375394?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofias musculares de la cintura y extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000711.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de aldolasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003566.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de mioglobina en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003664.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de mioglobina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003663.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otras preguntas frecuentes sobre la distrofia muscular" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/musculardys/masinformacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/musculardys/more_information/FAQs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preparándose para emergencias: Lista de verificación para personas con enfermedades neuromusculares" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Emergency_Checklist_Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Emergencies_Checklist_P-527.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Todos somos diferentes: Nadie es perfecto" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/EverybodysDifferent_full.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular</organization>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Oye! ¡Yo también estoy aquí!" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/HereToo-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tipos y síntomas de la distrofia muscular?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/musculardys/informacion/tipos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/musculardys/conditioninfo/types">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la distrofia muscular?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/musculardys/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/musculardys/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostica la distrofia muscular?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/musculardys/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/musculardys/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diverticulosis is a condition in which you have small pouches in your colon. If the pouches get inflamed or infected, it's called diverticulitis. Learn more." title="Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html" id="214" language="English" date-created="01/27/1999">
<also-called>Diverticular disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is diverticulosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diverticula are small pouches, or sacs, that bulge outward through weak spots in your colon. They mostly form in the lower part of the colon. Diverticulosis is a condition in which you have these pouches. Most people who have diverticulosis do not have symptoms or problems. But sometimes the pouches can cause symptoms or become inflamed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diverticulitis is the name for the condition you have when one or more of the pouches get inflamed. Diverticulitis may come on suddenly. It can sometimes cause serious health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is diverticular disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diverticular disease is a condition that happens when the pouches cause:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic (long-term) symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diverticular bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diverticulitis or diverticulitis complications&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes diverticulosis and diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers aren't sure what causes diverticulosis and diverticulitis. They think certain factors may play a role in causing or increasing the risk for these conditions, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain genes may make some people more likely to develop the conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle factors&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diets low in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fiber&lt;/a&gt; and high in red meat&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Lack of physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Taking certain medicines, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&lt;/a&gt; (NSAIDs) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Researchers are also looking at other possible factors that may play a role in these conditions. Those factors include bacteria or stool (poop) getting caught in a pouch in your colon and changes in the microbiome in the intestines. Your microbiome is made up of the bacteria and other organisms in your intestines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop diverticulosis and diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diverticulosis is common, especially as people age. More than one-third of U.S. adults between the ages of 50 and 59 have diverticulosis. More than two-thirds who are over age 80 have it. Most of those people will not have symptoms or problems. But some of them will develop diverticulitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of diverticulosis and diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diverticulosis usually doesn't cause symptoms. But some people can have chronic symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cramping or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;in the lower abdomen (belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diverticulitis may cause acute symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal pain, most often in the lower left side of your abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Constipation or diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fevers&lt;/a&gt; and chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The pain caused by diverticulitis is usually severe and comes on suddenly. Less often, the pain may be mild and worsen over several days.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can diverticulosis and diverticulitis cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people with diverticulosis and diverticulitis may develop serious health problems (complications). Diverticular bleeding happens when a small blood vessel within the wall of a pouch bursts. The bleeding may be severe and sometimes even life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with diverticulitis can also develop serious problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;Abscess&lt;/a&gt;, a painful, swollen, pus-filled area caused by infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html"&gt;Fistula&lt;/a&gt;, an abnormal opening or passage between the colon and another part of the body, such as the bladder or vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;Intestinal obstruction&lt;/a&gt;, a partial or total blockage that keeps food, fluids, air, or stool from moving through your intestines&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Perforation, or a hole, in your colon&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html"&gt;Peritonitis&lt;/a&gt;, an infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are diverticulosis and diverticulitis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diverticulosis may be found when your health care provider is doing tests for another reason. Diverticulitis is usually found when you are having an acute attack.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your provider will review your medical history, do a physical exam, and order tests. The tests may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stool tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;Colonoscopy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for diverticulosis and diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;f your diverticulosis is causing chronic symptoms, your provider may recommend:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High-fiber foods or fiber supplements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to reduce inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Probiotics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have diverticulitis without complications, your provider may recommend treatment at home. However, you probably need treatment in the hospital if you have severe diverticulitis, diverticulitis with complications, or a high risk for complications. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for diverticulitis may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antibiotics, except for very mild cases.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A clear liquid diet for a short time to rest the colon. Your provider may suggest slowly adding solid foods to your diet as your symptoms improve.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines for pain. This is usually acetaminophen instead of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs may increase the chance of diverticulitis complications.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antispasmodic medicines to relieve spasms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your diverticulitis doesn't improve with treatment or if it causes complications, you may need surgery to remove part of your colon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can diverticulitis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your provider may recommend lifestyle changes to prevent diverticulitis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating a diet high in fiber and low in red meat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Being physically active on a regular basis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking (and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; if you are a smoker)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reaching and maintaining a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;healthy weigh&lt;/a&gt;t&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000076385">Diverticular Diseases</descriptor>
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<health-topic meta-desc="La diverticulosis es una afección en la que hay pequeñas bolsas en el colon. Si las bolsas se inflaman o infectan, se le llama diverticulitis. Aprenda más." title="Diverticulosis y diverticulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html" id="1863" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diverticulosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Los divertículos son pequeñas bolsas o sacos que sobresalen a través de los puntos débiles en la pared del colon. Se forman principalmente en la parte inferior del colon. Cuando hay estas bolsas, se conoce como 
diverticulosis. La mayoría de las personas con diverticulosis no presentan síntomas ni problemas. Pero en ocasiones las bolsas pueden causar síntomas o inflamarse.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;La diverticulitis ocurre cuando una o más de las bolsas se inflaman. La diverticulitis puede aparecer repentinamente. A veces puede causar serios problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad diverticular?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;La enfermedad diverticular es una afección que ocurre cuando las bolsas causan:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Síntomas crónicos (a largo plazo)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Sangrado diverticular&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Diverticulitis o complicaciones de diverticulitis&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no están seguros de la causa de la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis. Piensan que ciertos factores pueden tener un papel en provocar o aumentar el riesgo de estas afecciones, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética&lt;/strong&gt;: Ciertos genes pueden hacer que algunas personas sean más propensas a desarrollar las afecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Factores de estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt; tales como:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dietas bajas en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra&lt;/a&gt; y ricas en carnes rojas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Falta de actividad física&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;antiinflamatorios no esteroides &lt;/a&gt;(AINE) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores también están analizando otros posibles factores que pueden desempeñar un papel en estas afecciones. Estos factores incluyen que las bacterias o las heces queden atrapadas en una bolsa en el colon y cambios en el microbioma de los intestinos. Su microbioma está formado por bacterias y otros organismos en sus intestinos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar 
diverticulosis y diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La diverticulosis es común, especialmente a medida que las personas envejecen. Más de un tercio de los adultos estadounidenses entre 50 y 59 años tienen diverticulosis. Más de dos tercios de los mayores de 80 años la tienen. La mayoría de ellos no presentan síntomas ni problemas. Pero algunos desarrollarán diverticulitis.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, la diverticulosis no causa síntomas. Pero algunas personas pueden presentar síntomas crónicos como:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hinchazón&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Calambres o dolor en la parte inferior del abdomen&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La diverticulitis puede causar síntomas agudos como:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor abdominal, con mayor frecuencia en el lado inferior izquierdo de su abdomen&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Estreñimiento o diarrea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; y escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El dolor causado por la diverticulitis suele ser intenso y aparece de repente. Con menos frecuencia, el dolor puede ser leve y empeorar durante varios días.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con diverticulosis y diverticulitis pueden tener problemas de salud graves (complicaciones). El sangrado diverticular ocurre cuando se revienta un pequeño vaso sanguíneo dentro de la pared de una bolsa. El sangrado puede ser 
intenso y, a veces, incluso potencialmente mortal.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con diverticulitis también pueden desarrollar problemas graves como:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html"&gt;Absceso&lt;/a&gt;: Un área dolorosa, inflamada y llena de pus causada por una infección&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html"&gt;Fístula&lt;/a&gt;: Abertura o paso anormal entre el colon y otra parte del cuerpo, como la vejiga o la vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;Obstrucción intestinal&lt;/a&gt;: Bloqueo parcial o total que impide que los alimentos, los líquidos, el aire o las heces se muevan a través de los intestinos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Perforación, o agujero, en el colon&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html"&gt;Peritonitis&lt;/a&gt;: Infección del revestimiento de la cavidad abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La diverticulosis se puede encontrar cuando su profesional de la salud está haciendo pruebas por otro motivo. En general, la diverticulitis se encuentra cuando tiene un ataque agudo.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor analizará su historia clínica, le hará un examen físico y solicitará pruebas. Estas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de heces&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;Colonoscopía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Si su diverticulosis está causando síntomas crónicos, su profesional de la salud puede recomendar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Alimentos ricos en fibra o suplementos de fibra&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para reducir la inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Probióticos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diverticulitis sin complicaciones, su proveedor puede recomendarle un tratamiento en el 
hogar. Sin embargo, es probable que necesite tratamiento en el hospital si tiene diverticulitis grave, diverticulitis con complicaciones o un alto riesgo de complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la diverticulitis pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Antibióticos, salvo casos muy leves&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dieta de líquidos claros por un corto tiempo para descansar el colon. Su proveedor puede sugerirle que agregue lentamente alimentos sólidos a su dieta a medida que sus síntomas mejoren&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para el dolor: Por lo general, se trata de paracetamol en lugar de medicamentos antiinflamatorios 
 noesteroideos (AINE). Los AINE pueden aumentar la posibilidad de complicaciones de la diverticulitis&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos antiespasmódicos para aliviar los espasmos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si su diverticulitis no mejora con el tratamiento o si causa complicaciones, es posible que necesite una cirugía para extirpar parte de su colon.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la diverticulitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede recomendar cambios en el estilo de vida para prevenir la diverticulitis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumir una dieta alta en fibra y baja en carnes rojas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Estar físicamente activo de forma regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar (y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; si fuma)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcanzar y mantener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<site title="Alta tras diverticulitis y diverticulosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000192.htm">
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<site title="Colostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Dieta blanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Dieta para la diverticulitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/diverticulitis-diet/art-20048499?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/diverticulitis-diet/art-20048499?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<site title="Diverticulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000257.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000257.htm">
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<site title="Diverticulitis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diverticulitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371764?p=1">
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<site title="Diverticulitis: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000302.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<site title="Diverticulosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007668.htm">
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<site title="Divertículo de colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100158_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100158_1.htm">
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<site title="Dolor en el abdomen, largo plazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Enfermedad diverticular" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/enfermedad-diverticular" language-mapped-url="https://www.fascrs.org/patients/conditions/diverticular_disease/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<site title="Enfermedad diverticular" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/diverticulosis-diverticulitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diverticulosis-diverticulitis">
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<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
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<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
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<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
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<site title="Fibra alimentaria: esencial para una alimentación saludable" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1">
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<site title="Fibra: Cómo aumentar la cantidad de fibra en su dieta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
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<site title="Prueba de sangre oculta en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/">
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<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="¿Hay alimentos desencadenantes que debo evitar para prevenir las crisis de diverticulitis?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/diverticulitis-diet/faq-20058293?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/diverticulitis-diet/faq-20058293?p=1">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Get the facts on symptoms, causes, and treatments for dizziness. Know how dizziness differs from vertigo, which is feeling that the room is spinning." title="Dizziness and Vertigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html" id="216" language="English" date-created="09/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you're dizzy, you may feel lightheaded, woozy, or disoriented. If you feel like you or the room are spinning, you have vertigo. These feelings may make you lose your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dizziness can have many different causes. A sudden drop in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; or being &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydrated&lt;/a&gt; can make you dizzy. Many people feel lightheaded if they get up too quickly from sitting or lying down. Certain medicines and problems with your inner &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eardisorders.html"&gt;ear&lt;/a&gt; may cause dizziness. So can &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html"&gt;motion sickness&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes dizziness can be a symptom of other disorders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As people get older, they may have more health problems and take more medicines. This makes them more likely to have problems with dizziness and balance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dizziness usually gets better by itself or is easily treated. If you are dizzy often, you should see your health care provider to find the cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
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<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html" id="1864" language="Spanish">Mareo y vértigo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014717">Vertigo</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004244">Dizziness</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065635">Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Spanish</other-language>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html" id="3106">Motion Sickness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vertigo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vestibular Diseases</see-reference>
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<site title="Balance &amp; Aging" url="https://vestibular.org/article/coping-support/living-with-a-vestibular-disorder/age-related-dizziness-and-imbalance/balance-aging/">
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<site title="Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vertigo-posicional-paroxistico-benigno-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo-bppv/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
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<site title="Benign positional vertigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001420.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benign positional vertigo -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000745.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caloric stimulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003429.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canalith Repositioning Procedure" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/canalith-repositioning-procedure/about/pac-20393315?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/canalith-repositioning-procedure/about/pac-20393315?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causes of Dizziness, Vertigo, and Disequilibrium" url="https://vestibular.org/article/what-is-vestibular/causes-of-dizziness/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicogenic Dizziness" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/cervicogenic-dizziness/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesteatoma" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/cholesteatoma/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dizziness" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dizziness%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vertigo" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vertigo%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vestibular Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vestibular+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing With Dizziness: Getting Help for a Balance Disorder" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/11/dealing-dizziness" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sobrellevar-los-mareos">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dizziness" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dizziness/symptoms-causes/syc-20371787?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dizziness/symptoms-causes/syc-20371787?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dizziness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003093.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dizziness and vertigo -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000692.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000692.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electronystagmography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003448.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (EVA)" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/enlarged-vestibular-aqueduct-eva/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epley maneuver" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007662.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home-Based Exercise" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/home-based-exercise/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Human Balance System" url="https://vestibular.org/article/what-is-vestibular/the-human-balance-system/the-human-balance-system-how-do-we-maintain-our-balance/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labyrinthitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001054.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labyrinthitis - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with a Vestibular Disorder" url="https://vestibular.org/article/coping-support/living-with-a-vestibular-disorder/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MdDS)" url="https://www.americanbrainfoundation.org/diseases/mal-de-debarquement-syndrome/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication (for Vestibular Disorders)" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/medication/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/otosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/otosclerosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicity" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/ototoxicity/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicity (Ear Poisoning) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ototoxicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ototoxicity.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perilymph Fistula" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/perilymph-fistula/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dizziness and Vertigo" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Benign+Paroxysmal+Positional+Vertigo%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Vertigo%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Dizziness%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Support Group Directory" url="https://vestibular.org/support-groups/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Procedures for Vestibular Dysfunction" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/treatments/surgical-procedures-for-vestibular-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Vestibular Disorders" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertigo-associated disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001432.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vestibular Migraine (Migraine Associated Vertigo or MAV)" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/vestibular-migraine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videonystagmography (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What are the Symptoms of a Vestibular Disorder?" url="https://vestibular.org/article/what-is-vestibular/vestibular-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://vestibular.org/sites/default/files/page_files/Sintomas%20posibles%20de%20los%20desordenes%20vestibulares.pdf">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hemodiálisis y la diálisis peritoneal son dos tipos de diálisis. Ambos tipos filtran la sangre para eliminar los desechos del cuerpo. Infórmese aquí." title="Diálisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html" id="3790" language="Spanish" date-created="04/05/2004">
<also-called>Diálisis peritoneal</also-called>
<also-called>Hemodiálisis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando los riñones están sanos, limpian su sangre. También producen hormonas que mantienen sus huesos fuertes y su sangre sana. Cuando los riñones fallan, es necesario un tratamiento para sustituir el trabajo que ellos realizaban. A menos que reciba un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de riñón&lt;/a&gt;, necesitará de un tratamiento llamado diálisis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen dos tipos principales de diálisis. Ambos tipos filtran la sangre para eliminar los desechos peligrosos del cuerpo, exceso de sal y agua.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La hemodiálisis usa una máquina. A veces es llamada riñón artificial. Usted debe ir en forma frecuente a una clínica especial para recibir el tratamiento varias veces a la semana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La diálisis peritoneal usa la membrana que recubre el abdomen, llamada membrana peritoneal, para filtrar la sangre&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ambos tipos tienen riesgos y beneficios. También requieren que siga una dieta especial. El médico puede ayudarle a decidir el mejor tipo de diálisis para su caso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html" id="3789" language="English">Dialysis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990">Insuficiencia renal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diálisis renal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hemodiálisis</see-reference>
<site title="Acceso vascular para hemodiálisis" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/acceso-vascular-para-hemodialisis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación adecuada con insuficiencia renal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/alimentacion-adecuada?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/metodos-tratamiento-insuficiencia-renal-hemodialisis/sentirse-bien" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/hemodialysis/eating-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio de apósito para catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de su acceso vascular para hemodiálisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000591.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales del acceso vascular para hemodiálisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000705.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con su equipo de atención médica" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_how_to_talk_to_your_healthcare_team_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dializador" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_the_dialysis_machine_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diálisis peritoneal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/dialisis-peritoneal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/peritoneal-dialysis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diálisis peritoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007434.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diálisis peritoneal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/peritoneal-dialysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/peritoneal-dialysis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diálisis renal: ¿Cuándo es hora de suspenderla?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/expert-answers/kidney-dialysis/faq-20057914?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/expert-answers/kidney-dialysis/faq-20057914?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diálisis y hemodiálisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000707.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodiálisis" url="https://www.kidney.org/es/kidney-topics/hemodialisis" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hemodialysis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional del Riñón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemodiálisis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/hemodialisis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/hemodialysis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lavado del catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000648.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis secundaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000651.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del cabello y de la piel por diálisis" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_skin_and_hair_problems_on_dialysis_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/SkinAndHair.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos de acceso para hemodiálisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007641.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de creatinina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Puertos para catéteres venosos centrales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué se debe esperar en los centros para diálisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000706.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_rehabilitation_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viajes con diálisis" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_traveling_on_dialysis_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El dolor es una sensación desencadenada por el sistema nervioso. Infórmese sobre los diferentes tipos de dolor y cómo manejarlos aquí." title="Dolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El dolor es una señal del sistema nervioso de que algo no anda bien. Es una sensación desagradable, como un pinchazo, hormigueo, picadura, ardor o molestia. El dolor puede ser agudo o sordo. Puede ser intermitente o ser constante. Puede sentir dolor en algún lugar del cuerpo, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;espalda&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;pecho&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html"&gt;pelvis&lt;/a&gt;. O puede sentir dolor generalizado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El dolor puede ayudar a diagnosticar un problema. Sin dolor, usted podría lastimarse gravemente sin saberlo o no darse cuenta de que tiene un problema médico que requiere tratamiento. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de dolor: Agudo y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;crónico&lt;/a&gt;. En general, el dolor agudo aparece de repente, debido a una enfermedad, lesión o inflamación. A menudo puede ser diagnosticado y tratado. Generalmente desaparece, aunque a veces puede convertirse en dolor crónico. El dolor crónico dura mucho tiempo y puede causar problemas graves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El dolor no siempre es curable, pero hay muchas formas de tratarlo. El tratamiento depende de la causa y el tipo de dolor. Hay tratamientos que usan medicamentos, como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;. También hay &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html"&gt;tratamientos sin medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuntura&lt;/a&gt;, la fisioterapia y, a veces, la cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351" language="English">Pain</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" id="4060">Analgésicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html" id="4824">Cuidado paliativo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062">Dolor abdominal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html" id="5996">Dolor crónico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766">Dolor de espalda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html" id="4745">Dolor de pecho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html" id="4487">Dolor pélvico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2730">Neuralgia del trigémino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="2121">Síndrome de dolor regional complejo</related-topic>
<site title="&quot;¡Uy, eso duele!&quot; La ciencia del dolor" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/uy-eso-duele-la-ciencia-del-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ouch-that-hurts-the-science-of-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Analgésicos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor: Más allá de los opioides" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-del-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/10/managing-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor inguinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003111.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor y depresión: ¿Existe alguna relación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/pain-and-depression/faq-20057823?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/pain-and-depression/FAQ-20057823?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/dolor-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/pain-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor: Usted puede obtener ayuda" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dolor/dolor-usted-puede-obtener-ayuda" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/pain/pain-you-can-get-help">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolores musculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003178.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores y molestias durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000580.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insensibilidad congénita al dolor" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12147/insensibilidad-congenita-al-dolor/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al dolor" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/dolor/introducci%C3%B3n-al-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/pain/overview-of-pain">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor durante los cuidados paliativos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000532.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor sin medicamentos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Más allá de los juegos: Usar la realidad virtual para mejorar la salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-juegos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001407.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recurrir al alcohol para aliviar el dolor: ¿Cuáles son los riesgos?" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/recurrir-al-alcohol-para-aliviar-el-dolor-cuales-son-los-riesgos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/using-alcohol-to-relieve-your-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sensación de dolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000054.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntoma somático y trastornos relacionados" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastornos-somatomorfos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del dolor" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/dolor/tratamiento-del-dolor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del dolor posquirúrgico en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000406.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué siento dolor?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pain.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene problemas con el tacto?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiene-problemas-con-el-tacto" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/trouble-touch">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El abdomen se extiende desde abajo del pecho hasta la ingle. Algunas personas lo llaman estómago, pero el abdomen contiene muchos otros órganos importantes" title="Dolor abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Dolor de barriga</also-called>
<also-called>Dolor de estómago</also-called>
<also-called>Dolor de panza</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El abdomen se extiende desde abajo del pecho hasta la ingle. Algunas personas lo llaman estómago, pero el abdomen contiene muchos otros órganos importantes. El dolor abdominal puede provenir de cualquiera de ellos. El dolor puede comenzar en algún otro lugar como, por ejemplo, el pecho. Un dolor severo no siempre indica un problema grave, y un dolor leve no significa que el problema no es serio. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el dolor leve persiste por una semana o más, o si se acompaña de otros síntomas, llame a un profesional de la salud. Obtenga ayuda médica inmediata si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene un dolor abdominal repentino e intenso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	También tiene dolor en el pecho, el cuello o el hombro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomita sangre u observa sangre en las evacuaciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene el abdomen rígido, duro y sensible al tacto &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No puede evacuar (mover el intestino), especialmente si además tiene vómitos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html" id="3061" language="English">Abdominal Pain</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html" id="4487">Dolor pélvico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abdomen, Dolor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dolor de barriga</see-reference>
<site title="Cólico del lactante" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/colic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/colic.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólicos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/colicos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/colic/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispepsia funcional" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor abdominal" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/dolor-abdominal/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/abdominal-pain/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003120.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor abdominal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/abdominal-pain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/abdominal-pain.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de costado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003113.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen de corta duración" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen, largo plazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor pélvico intermenstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001503.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de estómago (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stomachaches.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stomachaches.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gases y dolores por gases" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/symptoms-causes/syc-20372709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/symptoms-causes/syc-20372709?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestión (Dispepsia)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/indigestion-dispepsia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/indigestion-dyspepsia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Invaginación intestinal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intussusception.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intussusception.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Invaginación intestinal en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia e infarto intestinal pequeño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001151.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia diagnóstica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llanto y cólico" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Paginas/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Masa abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003274.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001335.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Punto de sensibilidad abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003273.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rigidez abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003136.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003136.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal pediátrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdomus-pdi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdomus-pdi">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido: Abdomen" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-abdomen.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tener dolor de manera crónica significa sufrir un dolor que dura semanas, meses o hasta años. Infórmese sobre tratamientos y cómo lidiar con el dolor aquí." title="Dolor crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html" id="5996" language="Spanish" date-created="01/03/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt; es una señal del sistema nervioso de que algo puede estar mal. Es una sensación desagradable, como un pinchazo, hormigueo, picadura, ardor o molestia. El dolor puede ser agudo o sordo. Puede sentir dolor en un área o en todas partes de su cuerpo. Existen dos tipos: agudo y crónico. El dolor agudo le permite saber que puede estar lesionado o tener un problema que debe atender. El dolor crónico es diferente. Puede durar semanas, meses o incluso años. La causa original puede haber sido una lesión o infección. Puede haber una causa continua de dolor, como artritis o cáncer. En algunos casos, no hay una causa clara. Los factores ambientales y psicológicos pueden empeorar el dolor crónico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos adultos mayores tienen dolor crónico. Las mujeres también informan tener más dolor crónico que los hombres, y tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer muchas afecciones que provocan dolor. Algunas personas tienen dos o más enfermedades que causan dolor crónico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El dolor crónico no siempre es curable, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;. También existen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html"&gt;tratamientos para el dolor sin medicinas&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuntura&lt;/a&gt;, terapia física y en algunas ocasiones, cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html" id="5995" language="English">Chronic Pain</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" id="4060">Analgésicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<site title="&quot;¡Uy, eso duele!&quot; La ciencia del dolor" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/uy-eso-duele-la-ciencia-del-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ouch-that-hurts-the-science-of-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Analgésicos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos: Otra arma contra el dolor crónico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/pain-medications/art-20045647?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/pain-medications/ART-20045647?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor: Más allá de los opioides" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-del-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/10/managing-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con el dolor crónico" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/pain/dolor?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/pain/chronic?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor crónico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/condition-chronic-pain-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/https-familydoctor-org-condition-chronic-pain-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor y sus emociones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000417.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/dolor-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/pain-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor de espalda crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000516.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor sin medicamentos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas y respuestas: Dr. David Williams sobre el manejo del dolor crónico" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-dr-david-williams-sobre-el-manejo-del-dolor-cronico">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor miofascial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375444?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375444?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor musculoesquelético amplificado" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindrome-de-dolor-musculoesqueletico-amplificado-amps" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/amplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El tipo más común de dolor de cabeza es el tensional. Otros son las cefaleas y migrañas. Infórmese sobre otros tipos y cómo lidiar con ellos aquí." title="Dolor de cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html" id="1933" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cefalea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Casi todas las personas han tenido un dolor de cabeza alguna vez. El dolor de cabeza es la forma más común de dolor, y una de las razones principales por las que las personas se toman días de trabajo o de escuela y acuden al médico. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El tipo más común de dolor de cabeza es el tensional. Estos ocurren por la tensión que usted hace en los músculos de los hombros, del cuello, del cuero cabelludo y de la mandíbula. Suele relacionarse con el estrés, la depresión o la ansiedad. Usted podría tener una tendencia a tener este tipo de dolor de cabeza si trabaja demasiado, no duerme lo suficiente, se salta comidas o bebe bebidas alcohólicas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros tipos comunes de dolor de cabeza incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html"&gt;migrañas&lt;/a&gt;, cefaleas en racimos y cefaleas por sinusitis. La mayoría de las personas puede sentirse mucho mejor si hace cambios en su estilo de vida, aprende maneras para relajarse y toma &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todos los dolores de cabeza necesitan atención médica. Pero a veces el dolor de cabeza puede indicar un trastorno más grave. Infórmele a su proveedor de salud si tiene dolores de cabeza repentinos y severos. Consiga ayuda médica de inmediato si tiene dolor de cabeza después de un golpe o si se presenta con rigidez en el cuello, fiebre, confusión, pérdida de la conciencia o dolor en los ojos o los oídos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html" id="273" language="English">Headache</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html" id="3158">Migraña</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cabeza, Dolor de</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia y el dolor de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-alergia-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/allergies-and-headaches/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis y el dolor de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-artritis-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/10/25/arthritis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cabeza (síndrome de dolor miofacial)" url="https://headaches.org/cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/tmj-and-mpd/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cefalea asociada con alergias y problemas en los senos paranasales" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/cefalea-asociada-con-alergias-y-problemas-en-los-s">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cefalea en brotes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000786.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cefalea tensional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000797.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000797.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coexistencia de la migraña y el dolor de cabeza de tipo tensional" url="https://headaches.org/coexistencia-de-la-migrana-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza-de-tipo-tensional/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/10/25/coexisting-migraine-and-tension-type-headaches/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumo excesivo de medicamentos para el dolor de cabeza" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/medication-overuse-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20377083?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/medication-overuse-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20377083?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión y el dolor de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-depresion-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/10/25/depression-and-headache/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y los dolores de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-dieta-y-los-dolores-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/headache-diet-2020/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/dolor-de-cabeza" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/headache">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003024.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza de tipo tensional: Medidas de cuidado personal para aliviarlo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/art-20047631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/ART-20047631?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza por efecto &quot;rebote&quot; de analgésicos" url="https://headaches.org/dolor-de-cabeza-por-efecto-rebote-de-analgesicos/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza post-traumático" url="https://headaches.org/el-dolor-de-cabeza-post-traumatico/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/10/25/post-traumatic-headache/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza sinusal" url="https://headaches.org/dolor-de-cabeza-sinusal/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza: Disminuye el estrés para prevenir el dolor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/art-20046707?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/ART-20046707?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000303.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/headaches.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/headaches.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolores-de-cabeza/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/headaches/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/hoja-informativa/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/headache.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/headache.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza crónicos diarios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20370891?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20370891?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza del tipo trueno" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza durante la actividad sexual" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza en los adolescentes: Cuándo es motivo de preocupación" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/Paginas/teenagers-and-headaches-when-its-cause-for-concern.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza en los niños" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/headaches-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20352099?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/headaches-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20352099?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza nocturnos: ¿Cómo puedo aliviarlos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/expert-answers/nighttime-headaches/faq-20057919?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/expert-answers/nighttime-headaches/FAQ-20057919?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza por ejercicio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza por tos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza posteriores a una punción lumbar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza sinusales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza y hormonas: ¿Cuál es la relación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20046729?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/ART-20046729?p=1">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza: Tratamiento depende de tu diagnóstico y síntomas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/ART-20047375?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés (y el dolor de cabeza)" url="https://headaches.org/estres/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de las cefaleas tensionales en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000421.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de peligro con los dolores de cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000424.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000424.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué puedo hacer con los dolores de cabeza durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La lumbalgia es el dolor en la parte baja de la espalda.  El dolor de espalda es uno de los problemas médicos más comunes. Tratamientos, prevención aquí." title="Dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si alguna vez dijo "¡Ay, qué dolor de espalda!", usted no está solo. El dolor de espalda es uno de los problemas médicos más comunes y afecta a ocho de cada 10 personas en algún momento de sus vidas. El dolor de espalda puede variar desde un dolor sordo, constante, hasta un dolor súbito e intenso. El dolor de espalda agudo aparece repentinamente y suele durar algunos días o semanas. El dolor de espalda es crónico cuando dura más de tres meses.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los dolores de espalda desaparecen espontáneamente, aunque pueden demorar algún tiempo. Los analgésicos de venta libre y el reposo pueden ayudar. Sin embargo, permanecer en cama por más de uno o dos días puede empeorarlo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el dolor de espalda es severo o no mejora al cabo de tres días, debe llamar a un profesional de la salud. También debe buscar atención médica si presenta dolor de espalda después de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html"&gt;lesión&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para el dolor de espalda depende de qué lo esté causando y qué tipo de dolor usted tenga. Puede incluir compresas frías o calientes, ejercicio, medicamentos, inyecciones, tratamientos complementarios y, a veces, cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157" language="English">Back Pain</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sciatica.html" id="2137">Ciática</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html" id="5996">Dolor crónico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html" id="2166">Estenosis espinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html" id="6682">Guía para una buena postura</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html" id="2153">Hernia de disco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html" id="1765">Lesiones de la espalda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2165">Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="2164">Traumatismo de la médula espinal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Espalda, Dolor de</see-reference>
<site title="6 ejercicios que puede hacer mientras trabaja" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/6-ejercicios-que-puede-hacer-mientras-trabaja" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-exercises-you-can-do-in-your-office">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el dolor de la articulación sacroilíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000610.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bicicleta, Pilates y yoga: Cómo se mantiene activa una mujer" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/bicicleta-pilates-y-yoga-como-se-mantiene-activa-una-mujer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/biking-pilates-and-yoga-how-one-woman-stays-active">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de espalda: ¿cuándo es una buena idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre el uso de mochilas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/backpack.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando le duele la espalda: No permita que el dolor de espalda lo deje de espaldas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-le-duele-la-espalda">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la espalda en la casa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002119.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo controlar el dolor lumbar antes de que empeore" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-controlar-el-dolor-lumbar-antes-de-que-empeore" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-manage-low-back-pain-before-it-gets-worse">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Discograma (Discografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/discography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/discography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disquitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000993.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000993.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/dolor-de-espalda" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/low-back-pain-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda" url="https://rheumatology.org/el-dolor-de-espalda" language-mapped-url="https://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/patients/diseases_and_conditions/backpain.asp">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20369906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20369906?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda durante el embarazo: 7 consejos para aliviarlo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda y los deportes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda: Cuando consultar con el médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007494.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en la parte baja de la espalda" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-la-parte-baja-de-la-espalda/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/lower-back-pain/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis del canal espinal lumbar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/estenosis-del-canal-espinal-lumbar-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/lumbar-spinal-canal-stenosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007560.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007422_110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007422_52.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones vertebrales" url="https://www.spine.org/Portals/0/assets/downloads/KnowYourBack/InjectionsSpanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lumbago agudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007425.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbago crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007422.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbalgia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lumbalgia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/low-back-pain/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor de espalda crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000516.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mochilas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/backpack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mochilas seguras (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/backpack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurotomía por radiofrecuencia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis de la columna lumbar" url="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/spanish-patient-pages/2010/hoja-para-el-paciente-de-jama-100707.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Médica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir el dolor de espalda" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/precauciones-seguridad/prevenir-dolor-espalda" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/safety/prevent-back-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiropráctica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reeducar al cerebro para tratar el dolor de espalda crónico" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reeducar-al-cerebro-para-tratar-el-dolor-de-espalda-cronico" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/retraining-brain-treat-chronic-back-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética y el lumbago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007493.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retornar a los deportes después de una lesión en la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retornar a trabajar con el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentarse derecho: Mejore su postura para gozar de una mejor salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia cognitivo conductual para el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000415.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar narcóticos para el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el dolor de espalda?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/dolor-de-espalda" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/back-pain">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Se puede tener dolor de garganta por varias razones: Infección, alergia, irritación, etc. Infórmese sobre cuidados en la casa, remedios y tipos. " title="Dolor de garganta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html" id="4749" language="Spanish" date-created="01/05/2009">
<also-called>Faringitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida al esófago y el aire a su laringe, donde se encuentran las cuerdas vocales. Técnicamente, a la garganta se le llama faringe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se puede tener dolor de garganta por varias razones. A menudo, la causa es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfrío&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. Otras causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;Alergias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html"&gt;Mononucleosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;Inflamación estreptocócica&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html"&gt;Amigdalitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la causa. Chupar caramelos, tomar mucho líquido y hacer gárgaras puede aliviar el dolor. Analgésicos de venta libre pueden también ayudar, pero los niños no deben tomar aspirina.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html" id="4748" language="English">Sore Throat</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html" id="2261">Enfermedades de la garganta</related-topic>
<site title="Amigdalitis: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de muestra faríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003746.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diferencia entre un dolor de garganta, faringitis y amigdalitis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Paginas/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de garganta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dolor-de-garganta-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sore-throat/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de garganta: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351640?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351640?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de garganta: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/symptoms-causes/syc-20351635?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/symptoms-causes/syc-20351635?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000655.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringitis viral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001392.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre el dolor de garganta" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sore-throat/es/about/informacion-basica-sobre-el-dolor-de-garganta.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sore-throat/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un exudado faríngeo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-strep.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la garganta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-garganta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/throat-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estreptococos A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-a/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-a-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo es un dolor de garganta una infección más grave?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/when-a-sore-thoat-is-a-more-serious-infection.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/pages/When-a-Sore-Thoat-is-a-More-Serious-Infection.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Dolor y picazón en la garganta?: Calmar el dolor causado por una enfermedad o alergia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dolor-y-picazon-en-la-garganta" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/11/sore-scratchy-throat">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué hacer con el dolor de garganta?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sore-throat-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sore-throat-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tener dolor en el pecho puede asustarlo. Pero no siempre significa que usted esté sufriendo un ataque al corazón. Diferentes tipos de dolor de pecho." title="Dolor de pecho" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html" id="4745" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tener dolor en el pecho puede asustarlo. Pero no significa que usted esté sufriendo un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;. Hay muchas otras razones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Otros problemas del corazón como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ataques de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html"&gt;pánico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas digestivos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;acidez&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades del esófago&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Músculos adoloridos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades de los pulmones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;pleuresía&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;embolismo pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Costocondritis: una inflamación de las articulaciones del pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Algunos de estos problemas pueden ser serios. Solicite atención médica urgente si el dolor de pecho no se va, si siente presión o compresión o si el dolor de pecho viene acompañado de náusea, sudor, mareo o falta de aire. El tratamiento del dolor de pecho dependerá de la causa del dolor. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html" id="4744" language="English">Chest Pain</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html" id="2257">Acidez estomacal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html" id="1746">Angina de pecho</related-topic>
<site title="Angina" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/angina" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/angina">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003876.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ardor de estómago o ataque cardíaco: Cuándo preocuparse" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costocondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000164.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costocondritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/costochondritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/costochondritis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de pecho: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-chest-pain/basics/ART-20056705?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chest-pain/basics/ART-20056705?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20370838?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho (crónico)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-cronico/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-chronic/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho, agudo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-agudo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-acute/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en la caja torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003109.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor torácico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003079.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-esfuerzo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la inflamación cardíaca?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/inflamacion-cardiaca" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El período menstrual doloroso también es conocido como dismenorrea. Entérese aquí sobre tipos, causas y cuándo acudir a un médico." title="Dolor menstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/periodpain.html" id="6416" language="Spanish" date-created="11/15/2016">
<also-called>Dismenorrea</also-called>
<also-called>Dolor al menstruar</also-called>
<also-called>Dolor en la menstruación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;b&gt;¿Qué son los períodos menstruales dolorosos?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;menstruación&lt;/a&gt;, o período, es el sangrado vaginal normal que ocurre como parte del ciclo mensual de una mujer. Muchas mujeres tienen períodos dolorosos, también llamados dismenorrea. El dolor más a menudo se debe a los calambres menstruales, que son dolores palpitantes o cólicos en la parte baja del abdomen. También puede tener otros síntomas, como dolor de espalda baja, náuseas, diarrea y dolores de cabeza. El dolor del período no es lo mismo que el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome premenstrual&lt;/a&gt;. Este síndrome causa muchos síntomas diferentes, incluyendo aumento de peso, hinchazón, irritabilidad y fatiga.  El síndrome a menudo comienza una o dos semanas antes del comienzo de su período.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Qué causa los períodos menstruales dolorosos?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de dismenorrea, primaria y secundaria. Cada tipo tiene diferentes causas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La dismenorrea primaria es el tipo más común de dolor menstrual. Es el dolor menstrual que no es causado por otra afección. La causa suele ser tener demasiadas prostaglandinas, que son productos químicos del útero. Estos productos químicos hacen que los músculos de su útero se contraigan y relajen, lo que provoca los calambres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El dolor puede comenzar uno o dos días antes de su período. Normalmente, dura unos pocos días, aunque en algunas mujeres puede durar más tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, el dolor menstrual comienza en la juventud, justo después de comenzar a tener períodos menstruales. A menudo, a medida que envejece, se experimenta menos dolor. El dolor también puede mejorar después de haber dado a luz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La dismenorrea secundaria a menudo comienza más tarde en la vida. Es causada por enfermedades que afectan a su útero u otros órganos reproductivos, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html"&gt;endometriosis&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;fibroides uterinos&lt;/a&gt;. Es común que este tipo de dolor a menudo empeore con el tiempo. Puede comenzar antes que empiece su período, y continuar hasta después que termine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer para el dolor del período?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a aliviar el dolor de su período, puede probar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar una almohadilla caliente o una bolsa de agua caliente en la parte inferior del abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar un baño caliente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practicar técnicas de relajación, incluyendo yoga y meditación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;También puede probar tomar analgésicos sin receta como los antiinflamatorios no esteroides. Estos incluyen el ibuprofeno y naproxeno. Además de aliviar el dolor, estos antiinflamatorios reducen la cantidad de prostaglandinas que produce el útero y disminuyen sus efectos. Esto ayuda a disminuir los calambres. Usted puede tomarlos cuando tiene síntomas por primera vez, o cuando su período comienza, y puede seguir tomándolos por unos días. No debe tomarlos si tiene úlceras u otros problemas estomacales, problemas de sangrado o enfermedad hepática. Tampoco debe tomarlos si es alérgica a la aspirina. Siempre consulte con su proveedor de atención médica si no está segura que puede tomar antiinflamatorios no esteroides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede ayudarle descansar lo suficiente y evitar el consumo de alcohol y tabaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por el dolor menstrual?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para muchas mujeres es normal un poco de dolor durante su período. Sin embargo, debe hablar con su proveedor de atención médica si:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los antiinflamatorios no esteroides y los cuidados personales no ayudan, y el dolor interfiere con su vida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los calambres repentinamente empeoran&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene más de 25 años y tiene calambres severos por primera vez&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene fiebre con el dolor de su período&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene el dolor incluso cuando no está en su período menstrual&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa del dolor menstrual severo?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar el dolor menstrual severo, su médico le preguntará acerca de su historia clínica y realizará un examen pélvico. También puede utilizar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt; u otra &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;prueba de imagen&lt;/a&gt;. Si su proveedor de atención médica piensa que tiene dismenorrea secundaria, podría tener una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/"&gt;laparoscopia&lt;/a&gt; pélvica,  una cirugía que permite a su proveedor de atención médica observar dentro de su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el dolor menstrual severo?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene dismenorrea primaria y necesita tratamiento médico, su proveedor de atención médica podría sugerir el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales, como la píldora, el parche, el anillo o un dispositivo intrauterino. Los analgésicos de receta médica podrían ser otra opción de tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene dismenorrea secundaria, su tratamiento depende de la afección que está causando el problema. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html" id="6415" language="English">Period Pain</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Menstruación, Dolor</see-reference>
<site title="Cólicos menstruales" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/colicos-menstruales/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/menstrual-cramps/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólicos menstruales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/symptoms-causes/syc-20374938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/symptoms-causes/syc-20374938?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólicos menstruales: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374944?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dismenorrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dismenorrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/dysmenorrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores menstruales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/period-cramps.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/period-cramps.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Períodos menstruales dolorosos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003150.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen diversos tipos de dolor pélvico: crónico, intermenstrual, etc. Una de las causas es una inflamación. Infórmese sobre otros tipos y tratamientos. " title="Dolor pélvico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html" id="4487" language="Spanish" date-created="03/06/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El dolor pélvico ocurre principalmente en la parte baja del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;. El dolor puede ser constante o aparecer y desaparecer. Puede ser un dolor intenso y punzante en un lugar específico, o una molestia tenue en un área amplia de la pelvis. Si el dolor es fuerte, puede interferir con las actividades cotidianas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted es mujer, puede sentir dolor durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;período menstrual&lt;/a&gt;. También puede ocurrir cuando tiene relaciones sexuales. El dolor pélvico puede ser un signo de que existe un problema con uno de los órganos de la región pélvica, como el útero, los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio, el cuello uterino o la vagina. Si es hombre, puede deberse a un problema de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html"&gt;próstata&lt;/a&gt;. En hombres y mujeres, puede ser un síntoma de infección o de problemas en las vías urinarias, el intestino, el recto, los músculos o los huesos. Algunas mujeres pueden presentar más de una causa de dolor pélvico al mismo tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Quizá deba someterse a exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen u otras pruebas médicas para encontrar la causa del dolor. El tratamiento dependerá de la causa, la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html" id="4486" language="English">Pelvic Pain</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062">Dolor abdominal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1900">Problemas sexuales en las mujeres</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pelvis, Dolor</see-reference>
<site title="Culdocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003919.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor pélvico" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor pélvico crónico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dolor-pelvico-cronico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor pélvico intermenstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001503.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor pélvico: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/more_information/other-faqs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía trasvaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen pélvico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de la pelvis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/fracturas/fracturas-de-la-pelvis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/pelvic-fractures">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia diagnóstica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355766?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355766?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de cuerpo (tórax, abdomen, pelvis)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del dolor pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostica el dolor pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se trata el dolor pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el dolor pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los especialistas dicen que los órganos de una persona donante pueden salvar o ayudar hasta 50 personas. Quién puede ser donante y cómo es el proceso." title="Donación de órganos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html" id="2063" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La donación de órganos toma órganos y tejidos sanos de una persona para  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplantarlos&lt;/a&gt; en otras. Los especialistas dicen que los órganos de una persona donante pueden salvar o ayudar hasta 50 personas. Los órganos que se pueden donar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Órganos internos: riñones, corazón, hígado, páncreas, intestinos, pulmones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Piel &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hueso y médula ósea &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Córnea &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las donaciones de órganos y tejido ocurre cuando el donante fallece. Pero algunos pueden ser donados en vida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los donantes pueden ser personas de todas las edades y orígenes. Si es menor de 18 años, sus padres o su tutor deben autorizarlo a ser donante. Si es mayor de 18 años, puede indicar que desea ser donante firmando una tarjeta de donantes. También puede comunicarle sus deseos a su familia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html" id="615" language="English">Organ Donation</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Cómo funciona la donación de órganos" url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/conocer/2my6/proceso" language-mapped-url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/process">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación de órganos: No  dejes que estos mitos te confundan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/organ-donation/art-20047529?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/organ-donation/art-20047529?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Done vida" url="https://donatelife.net/done-vida/" language-mapped-url="https://www.donatelife.net/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Done Vida</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inscríbase como donante de órganos" url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/2mx8/inscr%c3%adbase" language-mapped-url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/who-can-donate">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre la donación de órganos" url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/conocer/2nea/preguntasfrecuentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/faq">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede usted contribuir a la investigación médica? Done su sangre, sus tejidos y otras muestras" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/como-contribuir-a-la-investigacion-medica" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/help-research-donate-tissue">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Quién puede donar?" url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/conocer/2nai/quien-puede-donar">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué significa dormir bien? ¿Cómo lograrlo? Sepa si está durmiendo como debería y qué hacer para dormir mejor." title="Dormir bien" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html" id="6470" language="Spanish" date-created="05/10/2017">
<also-called>Dormir saludablemente</also-called>
<also-called>Sueño saludable</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el sueño?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted duerme está inconsciente, pero las funciones de su cerebro y cuerpo siguen activas. El sueño es un complejo proceso biológico que le ayuda a procesar información nueva, mantenerse saludable y a sentirse descansado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante el sueño, su cerebro pasa por cinco fases diferentes: Etapa 1, 2, 3, 4 y sueño de movimientos oculares rápidos (MOR o REM en inglés). Diferentes cosas ocurren en cada etapa. Por ejemplo, usted pasa por distintos patrones de ondas cerebrales (patrones de actividad eléctrica en el cerebro) en cada una de ellas. Su respiración, ritmo cardiaco y temperatura puede ser más rápido o lento en ciertas etapas. Algunas fases del sueño pueden ayudarle a sentirse más descansado y con energía al día siguiente. Las distintas fases del sueño lo ayudan a:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse descansado y con energía al día siguiente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aprender información, hacer reflexiones y formar recuerdos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Descansar el corazón y el sistema vascular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Liberar más hormona del crecimiento, que ayuda a los niños a crecer. También aumenta la masa muscular y la reparación de células y tejidos en niños y adultos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Liberar hormonas sexuales, que contribuyen a la pubertad y la fertilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar enfermarse o a mejorarse cuando está enfermo, creando más citoquinas (hormonas que ayudan al sistema inmunitario a combatir varias infecciones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánto sueño necesito?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cantidad de sueño que usted necesita depende de varios factores, incluyendo su edad, estilo de vida, estado de salud y si ha dormido lo suficiente. Las recomendaciones generales para dormir son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Recién nacidos:&lt;/b&gt; 16-18 horas al día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Niños en edad preescolar:&lt;/b&gt; 11-12 horas al día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Niños en edad escolar:&lt;/b&gt; por lo menos 10 horas al día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Adolescentes:&lt;/b&gt; 9-10 horas al día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Adultos (incluyendo adultos mayores):&lt;/b&gt; 7-8 horas al día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante la pubertad, el reloj biológico de los adolescentes cambia y es más probable que se acuesten más tarde que los niños y adultos, y tienden a querer dormir más por la mañana. Esto está en conflicto con las tempraneras horas de inicio de muchas escuelas secundarias y ayuda a explicar por qué la mayoría de los adolescentes no duermen lo suficiente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas piensan que los adultos necesitan dormir menos a medida que envejecen, pero no hay evidencia que lo demuestre. Sin embargo, a medida que las personas envejecen tienden a dormir menos o a pasar menos tiempo en el sueño profundo y reparador. Las personas mayores también se despiertan más fácilmente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Y no sólo la cantidad de horas de sueño que obtiene es lo que importa. La calidad del sueño también es importante. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas cuyo sueño suele interrumpirse o acortarse pueden no pasar suficiente tiempo en las diferentes etapas del sueño. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene dudas sobre si consigue dormir lo suficiente, incluyendo sueño de calidad, pregúntese lo siguiente:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Tengo problemas para levantarme por la mañana?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Tengo problemas para concentrarme durante el día?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Estoy somnoliento durante el día?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si respondió afirmativamente a estas tres preguntas, debería tratar de dormir mejor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos a la salud de no dormir lo suficiente?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El sueño es importante para la salud en general. Cuando no duerme lo suficiente (privación del sueño), puede sentirse cansado y afectar su rendimiento, incluyendo su capacidad de pensar con claridad, reaccionar rápidamente y formar recuerdos. Esto puede llevarlo a tomar malas decisiones y ponerse en situaciones de riesgo. Las personas que no duermen bien son más propensas a sufrir accidentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La privación del sueño también puede afectar su estado de ánimo, lo que causa:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas en sus relaciones, especialmente para niños y adolescentes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede afectar su salud física. Los estudios muestran que no dormir lo suficiente o dormir mal aumenta el riesgo de:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad del riñón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No dormir lo suficiente puede afectar la liberación de las hormonas que lo ayudan a crear masa muscular, combatir infecciones y reparar células. Además, en los niños puede hacer que no liberen suficientes hormonas que los hacen crecer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La privación del sueño aumenta el efecto del alcohol. Una persona con sueño que beba demasiado alcohol resultará más afectada que una persona bien descansada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo dormir mejor?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tomar medidas para mejorar sus hábitos de sueño. En primer lugar, asegúrese de que tenga suficiente tiempo para dormir. Con dormir lo suficiente cada noche, usted puede sentirse mejor y más productivo durante el día.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para mejorar sus hábitos de sueño, también puede ayudar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Irse a la cama y despertar a la misma hora todos los días&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente por la tarde y noche&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar la nicotina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;ejercicio&lt;/a&gt; con regularidad, pero no demasiado tarde&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar las bebidas alcohólicas antes de acostarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar comidas y bebidas pesadas por la noche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No tomar siestas después de las 3 de la tarde&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Relajarse antes de acostarse, por ejemplo, tomando un baño, leyendo o escuchando música suave&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener su dormitorio con una temperatura fresca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deshacerse de distracciones como ruidos, luces brillantes y el televisor o computadora en el dormitorio. Además, no se sienta tentado de usar su teléfono o tableta justo antes de acostarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obtener suficiente sol durante el día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No se acueste en la cama despierto. Si no puede dormir por 20 minutos, levántese y haga algo relajante&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consulte a un médico si tiene problemas constantes para dormir. Usted puede tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno del sueño&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;insomnio&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;. En algunos casos, su médico puede sugerir usar medicamentos para dormir disponibles con o sin receta médica. En otros casos, puede solicitar un estudio del sueño para diagnosticar el problema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted trabaja por turnos, puede ser aún más difícil dormir bien. Es probable que usted necesite:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar siestas y aumentar la cantidad de tiempo disponible para dormir&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener las luces prendidas en su trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limitar los cambios de turno para permitir que su cuerpo se ajuste&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumir cafeína sólo al comienzo de su turno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Remover las fuentes de sonido y luz durante su descanso diurno (por ejemplo, usar cortinas que bloqueen la luz)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html" id="6469" language="English">Healthy Sleep</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<site title="Adolescentes y el sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios de dormir: Por qué hay que descansar bien durante la noche" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-beneficios-de-dormir">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Buenos hábitos de sueño para una buena salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/buenos-habitos-de-sueno-para-una-buena-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/good-sleep-good-health">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambiar sus hábitos de sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el sueño por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004018.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco ideas para dormir mejor" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tips-sleep.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para la familia sobre el sueño y la salud mental" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/sleep/paginas/sleep-and-mental-health.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/sleep/Pages/Sleep-and-Mental-Health.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el sueño" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dormir bien" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dormir/dormir-bien" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sleep/good-nights-sleep">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dormir con luz artificial se relaciona con la obesidad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dormir-con-luz-artificial-se-relaciona-con-la-obesidad">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundamentos del cerebro: El sueño" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos-neurologicos/fundamentos-del-cerebro-el-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el sueño" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregunta a una experta: Marishka K. Brown, Ph.D., Directora del Centro Nacional de Investigación de los Trastornos del Sueño" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/marishka-k-brown-ph.d-directora-del-centro-nacional-de-investigacion-de-los-trastornos-del-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ask-an-expert-marishka-k-brown-ph.d-director-of-the-national-center-on-sleep-disorders-research">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Privación del sueño: ¿Es una causa de presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/sleep-deprivation/faq-20057959?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/sleep-deprivation/faq-20057959?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuperar el sueño puede no ayudar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/recuperar-el-sueno-puede-no-ayudar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reducir los riesgos para la salud de los turnos de noche" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reducir-los-riesgos-para-la-salud-de-los-turnos-de-noche">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seis pasos para dormir mejor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep/art-20048379?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep/art-20048379?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siestas: Lo que deben hacer y lo que no deben hacer los adultos saludables" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Su guía para un sueño saludable" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/sleep/In_Brief_YG_to_Sleep_Spanish_Final.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/sleep/healthysleepfs.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sueño" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sueño durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleeping-during-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño saludable" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/sleep/Healthy_Sleep_At-A-Glance_SPANISH_Final.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/sleep/healthy_sleep_atglance.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sueño y los recién nacidos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleepnewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleepnewborn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño y su salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000871.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tictac: Sus relojes corporales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tictac-sus-relojes-corporales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/04/tick-tock-your-body-clocks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sueño en adultos mayores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-sleep-changes-in-older-adults-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-sleep-changes-in-older-adults/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡¿Por qué no puedo dormir?!" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/por-que-no-puedo-dormir" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-cant-i-sleep">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos mitos sobre el sueño?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion/mitos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/sleep-myths">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuánto necesito dormir?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/how-much-sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/how-much-sleep.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué debo saber acerca de los efectos secundarios de la melatonina?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el sueño REM?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion/REM">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué nos hace dormir?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion/dormir" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/causes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son la privación y la deficiencia de sueño?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/health/sleep-deprivation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué sucede durante el sueño?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion/sucede" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/what-happens">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="About 1 in 700 babies are born with the birth defect known as Down Syndrome. Learn about the different Down Syndrome types and related health issues. " title="Down Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html" id="217" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<also-called>Trisomy 21</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Down syndrome? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome or an extra piece of a chromosome. This extra copy changes how a baby's body and brain develop. It can cause both mental and physical challenges during their lifetime. Even though people with Down syndrome might act and look similar, each person has different abilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Down syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/chromosome/"&gt;Chromosomes&lt;/a&gt; are tiny "packages" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works. People with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21.  In some cases, they may have an extra copy of part of the chromosome. Having an extra copy of a chromosome is called trisomy. So sometimes Down syndrome is also called trisomy 21.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Down syndrome is usually not inherited. It happens by chance, as an error when cells are dividing during early &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;development of the fetus&lt;/a&gt;. It is not known for sure why Down syndrome occurs or how many different factors play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One factor that increases the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is the age of the mother. Women ages 35 and older are more likely to have a baby with Down syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Down syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of Down syndrome are different in each person. And people with Down syndrome may have different problems at different times of their lives. They usually have mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. Their &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;development is often delayed&lt;/a&gt;. For example, they may &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;start talking later&lt;/a&gt; than other children.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some of the common physical signs of Down syndrome include:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A flat face&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eyes that slant up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A short neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Small hands and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor muscle tone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loose joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems does Down syndrome cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many people with Down syndrome have the common physical signs and have healthy lives. But some people with Down syndrome might have one or more birth defects or other health problems. Some of the more common ones include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;Hearing loss&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt; (a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;Ear infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html"&gt;Eye diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt; (heart defects that are present at birth)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html"&gt;Digestive problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Problems with the upper part of the spine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Down syndrome diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers can check for Down syndrome during pregnancy or after a child is born.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two basic types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/down-syndrome-tests/"&gt;tests that help find Down syndrome during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prenatal screening tests&lt;/strong&gt; can show whether your unborn baby has a higher or lower chance of having Down syndrome. If a screening test shows that your baby could have Down syndrome, you'll need another test to find out for sure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prenatal diagnostic tests&lt;/strong&gt; can diagnose or rule out Down syndrome by checking the chromosomes in a sample of cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These tests have a small risk of causing a miscarriage, so they're often done after a screening test shows that an unborn baby could have Down syndrome.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;After a baby is born, the provider may make an initial diagnosis of Down syndrome based on the physical signs of the syndrome. The provider can use a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/"&gt;karyotype genetic test&lt;/a&gt; to confirm the diagnosis. The test can check for extra chromosomes in a sample of the baby's blood.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Down syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no single, standard treatment for Down syndrome. Treatments are based on each person's physical and intellectual needs, strengths, and limitations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Services early in life focus on helping children with Down syndrome develop to their full potential. These services include speech, occupational, and physical therapies. They are typically offered through early intervention programs in each state. Children with Down syndrome may also need extra help or attention in school, although many children are included in regular classes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Since people with Down syndrome can have birth defects and other health problems, they will need regular medical care. They may need to have certain extra &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;health screenings&lt;/a&gt; to check for problems that happen more often in people with Down syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html" id="1866" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Down</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004314">Down Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Trisomy 21</see-reference>
<site title="About Down Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Down-Syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Down Syndrome" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/espanol/salud/temas/down/informacion/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/about">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ADHD and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/adhd-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's Disease in People with Down Syndrome" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/alzheimers-disease-people-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Diseases and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/blood-diseases-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Down Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Down+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dentistry and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/dentisty-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000997.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000997.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/down-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/down-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/down-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/down-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome Consortium" url="https://downsyndrome.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome in Adults: Staying Healthy" url="https://familydoctor.org/down-syndrome-in-adults-staying-healthy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sindrome-de-down-el-sindrome-de-down-en-adultos-como-mantenerse-saludable/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/down-syndrome-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sindrome-de-down/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome: Eye Problems" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/down-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dual Diagnosis of Down Syndrome and Autism" url="https://ndss.org/resources/dual-diagnosis-syndrome-autism">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duodenal atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001131.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/ear-nose-throat-ent-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Conditions and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/endocrine-conditions-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Down Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/DownSyndrome.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal System and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/gastrointestinal-tract-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Rates of Dementia, Alzheimer's Observed Among Older People with Down Syndrome" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-rates-dementia-alzheimers-observed-among-older-people-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Down Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Karyotyping" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003935.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/mental-health-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Down Syndrome Society" url="https://ndss.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.ndss.org/Resources/NDSS-en-Espanol/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nuchal translucency test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007561.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Down+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Q&amp;A for Kids" url="https://ndss.org/qa-kids">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Relationships &amp; Sexuality" url="https://ndss.org/resources/relationships-sexuality">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep and Down Syndrome" url="https://ndss.org/resources/sleep-down-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Down Syndrome Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Treatments for Down Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Down Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Down Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Conditions or Disorders Are Commonly Associated with Down Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/associated" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/asociarse">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Who Is at Risk for Down Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Risks" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you drinking enough water? How can you be sure your drinking water is safe? Learn about drinking water. " title="Drinking Water" url="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html" id="1435" language="English" date-created="04/16/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;We all need to drink water. How much you need depends on your size, activity level, and the weather where you live.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The water you drink is a combination of surface water and groundwater. Surface water includes rivers, lakes and reservoirs.  Groundwater comes from underground.  The United States has one of the safest water supplies in the world, but drinking water quality can vary from place to place. It depends on the condition of the source water and the treatment it receives. Treatment may include adding fluoride to prevent cavities and chlorine to kill 
germs. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your water supplier must give you annual reports on drinking water. The reports include where your water came from and what &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html"&gt;contaminants&lt;/a&gt; are in it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html" id="1867" language="Spanish">Agua potable</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D060766">Drinking Water</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html" id="1330">Asbestos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="1591">Cryptosporidiosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html" id="1010">E. Coli Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434">Food Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html" id="1258">Giardia Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html" id="608">Lead Poisoning</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html" id="3172">Water Pollution</related-topic>
<see-reference>Water</see-reference>
<site title="About Choosing Home Water Filters" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/prevention/about-choosing-home-water-filters.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Drinking Water" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Lead in Drinking Water" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/prevention/drinking-water.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arsenic and Drinking Water" url="https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/arsenic-and-drinking-water">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Geological Survey</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water" url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basic Information about Your Drinking Water" url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-your-drinking-water">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bottled Water Basics" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-11/documents/2005_09_14_faq_fs_healthseries_bottledwater.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bottled Water Everywhere: Keeping it Safe" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/bottled-water-everywhere-keeping-it-safe" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/agua-embotellada-por-todas-partes-como-mantener-su-inocuidad">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drinking Tap Water during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tap-water-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tap-water-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Disinfection of Drinking Water" url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/emergency-disinfection-drinking-water" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/desinfeccion-de-agua-potable-en-situaciones-de-emergencia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: Data on Water Consumption" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/php/data-research/fast-facts-water-consumption.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluoridated Water" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/fluoridated-water-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-agua-fluorada">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Germs That Can Contaminate Tap Water" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/causes/germs-that-can-contaminate-tap-water.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How EPA Regulates Drinking Water Contaminants" url="https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/how-epa-regulates-drinking-water-contaminants">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and Healthy Eating: How Much Water Should You Drink Each Day?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Persistence of Plastics: Can Tiny Plastic Pieces Affect Our Health?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/persistence-plastics" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-persistencia-de-los-plasticos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drinking Water" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Drinking+Water%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quiz: Water and Your Health" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/environmental/quizzes/quiz_water.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safety of Bottled Water Beverages Including Flavored Water and Nutrient-Added Water Beverages" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/fda-regulates-safety-bottled-water-beverages-including-flavored-water-and-nutrient-added-water" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/la-fda-regula-la-seguridad-del-agua-envasada-incluidas-el-agua-saborizada-y-el-agua-con-nutrientes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/environmental/water/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/nutrition/basics/water.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water on Tap: What You Need to Know" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1008ZP0.PDF?Dockey=P1008ZP0.PDF" language-mapped-url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1008ZO0.PDF?Dockey=P1008ZO0.PDF">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Drinking Water Is the Way to Go" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/water.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/water.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las drogas de club son un tipo de droga que es abusada en clubes nocturnos, discos, bares y fiestas rave e incluyen cristal, lsd, éxtasis, pepa y otras. " title="Drogas de club" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html" id="1828" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Drogas de diseño</also-called>
<also-called>Drogas recreativas</also-called>
<also-called>Drogas sintéticas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las drogas de club?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las drogas de club son un grupo de drogas psicoactivas. Actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central y pueden causar cambios en el estado de ánimo, la conciencia y el comportamiento. A menudo, los adultos jóvenes usan estas sustancias en bares, conciertos, clubes nocturnos y fiestas. Como la mayoría de las drogas, tienen apodos que cambian con el tiempo o son diferentes en distintas áreas del país.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de drogas de club?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tipos de drogas de club más utilizados incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA), también conocida como Éxtasis, Rola, X, Pepa, Abrazo, Adán, Amores, Eva, Tacha, Claridad, Droga del abrazo, Droga del amor, E, XTC&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gamahidroxibutirato (GHB), también conocida como G, Éxtasis líquido y G, Líquido E, Líquido X, Aminos, Dormir, FX, Tranquili G, Néctar, Vita G &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ketamina, también conocida como Súper KC, Tranquilizante de gato, Vitamina K, Especial CK, Verde &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Rohypnol, también conocido como la Pastilla olvidarme, Valium mexicano, R2, Roches, Rufis, Rufinol, Cuerda, Rofis &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html"&gt;Metanfetamina&lt;/a&gt;, también conocida como anfetas, meta y tiza  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dietilamida del ácido lisérgico (LSD), también conocida como ácido y micropuntos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de estos medicamentos están aprobados para ciertos usos médicos. Otras veces estas drogas se usan en forma indebida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las drogas para violación en citas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las drogas para violación en citas son cualquier tipo de droga o alcohol usadas para facilitar una agresión sexual. Alguien podría colocar una en su bebida cuando no esté mirando. O puede estar bebiendo alcohol o usando una droga, y una persona puede hacerla más fuerte sin que usted lo sepa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, las drogas de club también se usan como drogas para violación en citas. Estas sustancias son muy potentes. Pueden afectarle muy rápidamente y es posible que no sepa que algo está mal. El período de tiempo que duran sus efectos varía. Depende de la cantidad de droga en su cuerpo y si se mezcla con otras drogas o alcohol. El alcohol puede hacer que los efectos de las drogas sean aún más fuertes y puede causar serios problemas de salud, incluyendo la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué cosas puedo hacer para protegerme de las drogas para la violación en citas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para tratar de evitar las drogas de violación:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nunca deje su bebida desatendida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No acepte bebidas de otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si bebe de una lata o botella, ábrala usted mismo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuide a sus amigos y pídales que le cuiden&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html" id="1490" language="English">Club Drugs</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html" id="1869">Consumo de drogas y la adicción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html" id="1737">Metanfetamina</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anfetamina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drogas de diseño</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drogas recreativas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drogas sintéticas</see-reference>
<see-reference>GHB (Gama-hidroxibutirato)</see-reference>
<see-reference>MDMA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rohipnol</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sintéticas, Drogas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Éxtasis</see-reference>
<site title="Drogas para violación durante una cita" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogas psicodélicas y disociativas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/drogas-psicodelicas-disociativas" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketamina" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/drogas/ketamina" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs/ketamine">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Control de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="MDMA (&quot;éxtasis&quot; o &quot;Molly&quot;)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-mdma-extasis-o-molly" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/mdma-ecstasy-molly">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psilocibina (setas u hongos mágicos)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-psilocibina-setas-u-hongos-magicos" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psilocybin-magic-mushrooms">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rohypnol: Lo que los padres necesitan saber" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-rohypnol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-rohypnol.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sustancias de abuso habitual" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/sustancias-de-abuso-habitual" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de drogas de club" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/drogas-de-club-mitos-y-realidades-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/club-drug-use/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de las drogas psicodélicas y disociativas como medicamentos" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-uso-de-las-drogas-psicodelicas-y-disociativas-como-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de sustancias: Anfetaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de sustancias: Fenciclidina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000797.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000797.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de sustancias: LSD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000795.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el LSD?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-lsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-lsd.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la ketamina?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-ketamine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-ketamine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la PCP?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-pcp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-pcp.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El uso o abuso de drogas es especialmente peligroso para los jóvenes. El consumo de drogas puede interferir con los procesos de desarrollo en el cerebro y provocar otros problemas de salud." title="Drogas y menores de edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsandyoungpeople.html" id="4960" language="Spanish" date-created="10/21/2009">
<also-called>Abuso de droga y los adolescentes</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso de drogas de menores</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso de drogas y los jóvenes</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso de drogas y los niños</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso de sustancias y los menores</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el uso de drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;consumo&lt;/a&gt;, o uso indebido, de drogas incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Uso de sustancias ilegales, como:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;Esteroides anabólicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html"&gt;Drogas de club&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html"&gt;Cocaína&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html"&gt;Heroína&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html"&gt;Inhalantes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html"&gt;Marihuana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html"&gt;Metanfetaminas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioides&lt;/a&gt;. Esto significa tomar el medicamento de una manera diferente al que el profesional de la salud indicó. Esto incluye:&lt;/li&gt;
  

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar un medicamento recetado para otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar una dosis mayor a la indicada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Usar el medicamento de una manera diferente de la que debe hacerlo. Por ejemplo, inhalar o inyectarse las tabletas en lugar de tragarlas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar el medicamento para otro propósito, como drogarse&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uso indebido de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos de venta libre&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo su uso para otro propósito y usarla en forma diferente&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué son especialmente peligrosas las drogas para los jóvenes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cerebro de los jóvenes sigue creciendo y desarrollándose hasta alrededor de los 25 años, incluyendo la corteza prefrontal, que cumple un rol importante para tomar decisiones. Consumir drogas durante la juventud puede interferir con los procesos de desarrollo del cerebro. También puede afectar la toma de decisiones. Es más probable hacer cosas riesgosas, como tener sexo sin protección y conducir peligrosamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mientras más temprano los jóvenes empiecen a consumir drogas, mayores serán las posibilidades de continuar consumiendo en el futuro. El abuso de drogas en la juventud puede contribuir al desarrollo de problemas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del sueño&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles drogas son las más consumidas por los jóvenes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las drogas más usadas por los jóvenes son el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html"&gt;tabaco &lt;/a&gt; y la marihuana. Recientemente, más jóvenes han comenzado a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html"&gt;vapear&lt;/a&gt; tabaco y marihuana. Aún hay mucho desconocimiento sobre los peligros de vapear. Algunas personas se han enfermado de repente o incluso murieron después de vapear. Debido a esto, se recomienda que los jóvenes no vapeen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué los jóvenes consumen drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas razones diferentes por las cuales un joven pueda consumir drogas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para encajar en su grupo&lt;/strong&gt;: Los jóvenes pueden consumir drogas porque quieren ser aceptados por amigos o compañeros que también consumen drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para sentirse bien&lt;/strong&gt;: El abuso de drogas puede producir sentimientos de placer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para sentirse mejor&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunos jóvenes sufren &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, trastornos relacionados con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;y dolor físico. Por ello, pueden usar drogas para tratar de obtener algo de alivio&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mejorar su desempeño académico o deportivo&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunos jóvenes pueden tomar estimulantes para estudiar o esteroides anabólicos para mejorar su rendimiento deportivo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Experimentar&lt;/strong&gt;: Los jóvenes a menudo quieren probar nuevas experiencias, especialmente aquellas que creen que son emocionantes o audaces
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de consumir drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diferentes factores pueden aumentar el riesgo de una persona de consumir drogas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Experiencias estresantes de la vida temprana, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html"&gt;maltrato infantil&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;abuso sexual infantil&lt;/a&gt; y otras formas de trauma&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genética&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Exposición prenatal&lt;/a&gt; al alcohol u otras drogas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Falta de supervisión o monitoreo de los padres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener compañeros y / o amigos que usan drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las señales de que un joven tiene un problema de drogas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambiar mucho de amigos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pasar mucho tiempo solo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Perder interés en sus cosas favoritas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;No preocuparse de su apariencia personal, por ejemplo, no ducharse, cambiarse de ropa o lavarse los dientes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar realmente cansado y triste&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Comer más o comer menos de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener mucha energía, hablar rápido o decir cosas que no tienen sentido&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Estar de mal humor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pasar rápidamente entre sentirse mal y sentirse bien&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;No asistir a citas importantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener problemas en la escuela, faltar a clases o sacarse malas notas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tener problemas en sus relaciones personales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mentir y robar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de memoria, falta de concentración, falta de coordinación, o dificultad para hablar, entre otras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir el consumo de drogas en los jóvenes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El consumo de drogas y la adicción se puede prevenir. Los programas de prevención que involucran a familias, escuelas, comunidades y medios de comunicación pueden prevenir o reducir el consumo de drogas y la adicción. Estos programas incluyen iniciativas educativas y de alcance comunitario para ayudar a las personas a entender los riesgos del consumo de drogas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede ayudar a evitar que sus hijos consuman drogas al tener:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Buena comunicación con sus hijos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alentarlos para el desarrollo de confianza y un fuerte sentido de sí mismos. También ayuda a los padres a promover la cooperación y reducir conflictos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enseñar a sus hijos habilidades para resolver problemas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Establecer límites: Enseña a los niños el autocontrol y la responsabilidad, proporciona límites seguros y les demuestra que usted se preocupa de ellos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Supervisar: Ayuda a los padres a reconocer problemas, promover la seguridad y mantenerse involucrados con sus hijos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Conocer a los amigos de sus hijos&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html" id="4959" language="English">Drugs and Young People</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" id="1731">Alcohol y menores de edad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html" id="1829">Cocaína</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html" id="2157">Fumar y los jóvenes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html" id="4158">Inhalantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html" id="2024">Marihuana</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4962">Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescentes, Abuso de drogas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chicos, Abuso de drogas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Abuso de drogas</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de drogas entre adolescentes: Ayuda a tu adolescente a evitar las drogas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teen-drug-abuse/art-20045921?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescentes: El alcohol y otras drogas" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Adolescentes-el-Alcohol-y-Otras-Drogas-003.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a los adolescentes a resistir a las presiones de probar drogas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Paginas/Helping-Teens-Resist-Pressure-to-Try-Drugs.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con su hijo sobre las drogas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-about-drugs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-about-drugs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente a la adicción" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/addictions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/addictions.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo identificar el instrumental de las drogas" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Control de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogas: Qué debes saber (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/know-about-drugs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/know-about-drugs.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfrentar los problemas con las drogas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/enfrentar-los-problemas-con-las-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/06/dealing-drug-problems">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen toxicológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003578.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Explorando la mente" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/mind-matters-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/mind-matter-series">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ocho consejos para hablar sobre las drogas y el alcohol con los adolescentes (y escucharlos)" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ocho-consejos-para-hablar-sobre-las-drogas-y-el-alcohol-con-los-adolescentes-y-escucharlos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/8-tips-for-talking-and-listening-to-your-teens-about-drugs-and-alcohol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resultados de la encuesta Monitoring the Future 2021" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/las-tendencias-y-estadisticas/resultados-de-la-encuesta-monitoring-the-future-2021">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de consumo de drogas y los adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001975.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasas de mortalidad por sobredosis no intencionada entre los jóvenes estadounidenses de 15 a 19 años" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/tasas-de-mortalidad-por-sobredosis-no-intencionada-entre-los-jovenes-estadounidenses-de-15-19-anos" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/unintentional-drug-overdose-death-rates-among-us-youth-aged-15-19">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la salvia? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-salvia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/salvia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know a person can drown in a puddle of water? Learn more about drowning and how to stay safe in the water. " title="Drowning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/drowning.html" id="218" language="English" date-created="06/21/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;People drown when they get too much water in their lungs. You can drown in as little as an inch or two of water. Babies can drown in a sink or bathtub. Preschoolers are most likely to drown in a swimming pool. People who have seizure disorders are also at risk in the water. Drowning can happen quickly and silently. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Drowning precautions should include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fences around pools&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Supervising children near any body of water, including tubs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Not &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/watersafetyrecreational.html"&gt;swimming or boating&lt;/a&gt; when under the influence of alcohol or sedatives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Wearing life jackets when boating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Learning &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html"&gt;CPR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html" id="1868" language="Spanish">Ahogo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004332">Drowning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/ART-20056600?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drowning Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drowning/data-research/facts/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drowning Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drowning/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drowning Prevention for Curious Toddlers: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Water-Safety-And-Young-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Near drowning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000046.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pool Dangers and Drowning Prevention -- When It's Not Swimming Time" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Pool-Dangers-Drowning-Prevention-When-Not-Swimming-Time.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/pool-dangers-drowning-prevention-when-not-swimming-time.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drowning" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Drowning%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Water Safety" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/water-safety.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you take prescription or over the counter medicines, be aware of possible drug reactions. Learn about drug interactions, side effects, and more." title="Drug Reactions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html" id="5603" language="English" date-created="08/24/2010">
<also-called>Side effects</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, medicines make our lives better. They reduce aches and pains, fight infections, and control problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes. But medicines can also cause unwanted reactions, such as drug interactions, side effects, and allergies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a drug interaction?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A drug interaction is a change in the way a drug acts in the body when taken with certain other drugs, foods, or supplements or when taken while you have certain medical conditions. Examples include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two drugs, such as aspirin and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drugs and food, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html"&gt;statins&lt;/a&gt; and grapefruit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drugs and supplements, such as gingko and blood thinners&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drugs and medical conditions, such as aspirin and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;peptic ulcers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Interactions could cause a drug to be more or less effective, cause side effects, or change the way one or both drugs work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are side effects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Side effects are unwanted, usually unpleasant, effects caused by medicines. Most are mild, such as a stomachache, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;, or drowsiness, and go away after you stop taking the medicine.  Others can be more serious. Sometimes a drug can interact with a disease that you have and cause a side effect. For example, if you have a heart condition, certain decongestants can cause you to have a rapid heartbeat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are drug allergies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Drug allergies are another type of reaction. They can range from mild to life-threatening. Skin reactions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html"&gt;hives&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt;, are the most common type. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;Anaphylaxis&lt;/a&gt;, a serious allergic reaction, is less common.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I stay safe when taking medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you start a new prescription or over-the-counter medicine, make sure you understand how to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;take it correctly&lt;/a&gt;. Know which other medicines, foods, and supplements you need to avoid. Always talk to your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions about your medicines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html" id="5604" language="Spanish">Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064420">Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004342">Drug Hypersensitivity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065606">Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D056486">Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004347">Drug Interactions</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugreactions.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugreactions.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugreactions.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugreactions.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html" id="6257">Anaphylaxis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html" id="1445">Drug Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html" id="289">Hives</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html" id="5719">Medication Errors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799">Over-the-Counter Medicines</related-topic>
<see-reference>Drug Allergies</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drug Interactions</see-reference>
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<site title="Anaphylaxis: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
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<site title="Aspirin Allergy: What Are the Symptoms?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/aspirin-allergy/FAQ-20058225?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/aspirin-allergy/faq-20058225?p=1">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Drug Hypersensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Drug+Hypersensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Drug Interactions" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Drug+Interactions%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Drug-Related+Side+Effects+and+Adverse+Reactions%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug allergies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000819.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Drug Allergies: What to Look Out For" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/drug-allergies" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/alergias-a-medicamentos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
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<site title="Drug Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371835?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371835?p=1">
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<site title="Drug Eruption" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/drug-eruption?Imiw9cApl">
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<organization>VisualDX</organization>
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<site title="Drug Eruption (Pediatric)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/drug-eruption-pediatric?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Interactions: What You Should Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/drug-interactions-what-you-should-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/interacciones-de-medicamentos-lo-que-usted-debe-saber">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Reactions" url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-reactions/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/reacciones-a-los-medicamentos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Drug-Food Interactions" url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-food-interactions/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-y-comida-cuando-no-pueden-ir-juntos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Drug-induced diarrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000293.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Drug-induced tremor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000765.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Erythema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FDA Pharmacists Help You Use Medicines Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-pharmacists-help-you-use-medicines-safely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-farmaceuticos-de-la-fda-ayudan-los-consumidores-usar-los-medicamentos-de-una-manera-segura">
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<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grapefruit Juice and Some Drugs Don't Mix" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/grapefruit-juice-and-some-drugs-dont-mix" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-jugo-de-toronja-y-algunos-medicamentos-son-una-mala-combinacion">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Harmful Interactions: Mixing Alcohol with Medicines" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/reacciones-adversas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Hives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000845.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/how-medications-and-supplements-can-interact/introduction">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medication Interactions: Food, Supplements, and Other Drugs" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/medication-information/medication-interactions-food-supplements-and-other-drugs">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Medication/Drug Allergy" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medication-allergy?modal=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications and Drug Allergic Reactions" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/medications-and-drug-allergic-reactions" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/reacciones-alergicas-a-medicamentos-y-farmacos-con">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications Older Adults Should Avoid or Use With Caution" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/medications-older-adults/medications-older-adults-should-avoid">
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</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Drug Information" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginformation.html">
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<site title="MedWatch, the FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program" url="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program">
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<site title="Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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</site>
<site title="OTC Medicines: Know Your Risks and Reduce Them" url="https://familydoctor.org/otc-medicines-know-your-risks-and-reduce-them/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-conozca-sus-riesgos-y-reduzcalos/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Penicillin Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1">
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<site title="Penicillin Allergy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/penicillin-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/penicillin-allergy.html">
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<site title="Sulfa Allergy: Which Medications Should I Avoid?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/sulfa-allergy/FAQ-20057970?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/sulfa-allergy/faq-20057970?p=1">
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<site title="Taking multiple medicines safely" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000883.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000883.htm">
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<site title="Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Be safe when you take medicines. Find out about drug safety. " title="Drug Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html" id="1445" language="English" date-created="03/26/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Before any drug can be sold in the United States, it must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This is true whether it's a prescription or an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;over-the-counter&lt;/a&gt; drug. The FDA evaluates both the effectiveness and safety of a drug by looking at: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How animal testing and human clinical trials affect the condition the drug is treating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If any &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effects&lt;/a&gt; occur&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How it's manufactured&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What the labeling says&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The FDA also monitors a drug's safety after approval. Health care providers and patients can report drug side effects through the FDA's &lt;a href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program"&gt;MedWatch website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For you, drug safety means buying online only from licensed pharmacies located in the United States. It also means knowing how to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;take your medicines correctly&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html" id="1870" language="Spanish">Seguridad de los medicamentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004335">Drug and Narcotic Control</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058110">Counterfeit Drugs</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drugsafety.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html" id="5603">Drug Reactions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfraud.html" id="724">Health Fraud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html" id="5719">Medication Errors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005">Medicines and Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799">Over-the-Counter Medicines</related-topic>
<site title="10 Facts about What FDA Does and Does Not Approve" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/10-facts-about-what-fda-does-and-does-not-approve" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/10-datos-veridicos-de-la-fda-sobre-lo-que-la-fda-aprueba-y-no-aprueba">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="5 Tips for Traveling to the U.S. with Medications" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/5-tips-traveling-us-medications" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cinco-consejos-para-viajar-los-estados-unidos-con-medicamentos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buying and Using Medicine Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs/buying-using-medicine-safely">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Development Process" url="https://www.fda.gov/patients/learn-about-drug-and-device-approvals/drug-development-process">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="FDA Pharmacists Help You Use Medicines Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-pharmacists-help-you-use-medicines-safely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-farmaceuticos-de-la-fda-ayudan-los-consumidores-usar-los-medicamentos-de-una-manera-segura">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generic Drugs Undergo Rigorous FDA Review" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/generic-drugs-undergo-rigorous-fda-review">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generic Drugs: Questions &amp; Answers" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/frequently-asked-questions-popular-topics/generic-drugs-questions-answers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/112590/download">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Buy Medicines Safely from an Online Pharmacy" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-buy-medicines-safely-online-pharmacy" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-comprar-medicamentos-de-forma-segura-en-una-farmacia-virtual">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Really FDA Approved?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/it-really-fda-approved" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/esta-realmente-aprobado-por-la-fda">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="MedWatch, the FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program" url="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postmarket Drug Safety Information for Patients and Providers" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Drug+and+Narcotic+Control%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Counterfeit+Drugs%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quick Tips for Buying Medicines Over the Internet" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/buying-using-medicine-safely/quick-tips-buying-medicines-over-internet" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/compra-de-medicinas-recetadas-traves-del-internet-una-guia-para-el-consumidor-0">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts" url="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Does FDA Approve? Part 2" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-does-fda-approve-part-2" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/10-datos-sobre-lo-que-la-fda-aprueba-y-no-aprueba-parte-2">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Drugs include prescription and over-the-counter medicines, alcohol, tobacco, and illegal substances. Their repeated use or misuse can lead to addiction." title="Drug Use and Addiction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html" id="30" language="English" date-created="11/27/1998">
<also-called>Drug Abuse</also-called>
<also-called>Substance Use</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are drugs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Drugs are chemical substances that can change how your body and mind work. They include prescription medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;over-the-counter medicines&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;tobacco&lt;/a&gt;, and illegal drugs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is drug use?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Drug use, or misuse, includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using illegal substances, such as&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;Anabolic steroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html"&gt;Club drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html"&gt;Cocaine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html"&gt;Heroin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html"&gt;Inhalants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html"&gt;Marijuana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html"&gt;Methamphetamines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Misusing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;prescription medicines&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioids&lt;/a&gt;. This means taking the medicines in a different way than the health care provider prescribed. This includes&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone else&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Using the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. For example, instead of swallowing your tablets, you might crush and then snort or inject them.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Misusing over-the-counter medicines, including using them for another purpose and using them in a different way than you are supposed to&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Drug use is dangerous. It can harm your brain and body, sometimes permanently. It can hurt the people around you, including friends, families, kids, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;unborn babies&lt;/a&gt;. Drug use can also lead to addiction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is drug addiction?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease. It causes a person to take drugs repeatedly, despite the harm they cause. Repeated drug use can change the brain and lead to addiction.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The brain changes from addiction can be lasting, so drug addiction is considered a "relapsing" disease. This means that people in recovery are at risk for taking drugs again, even after years of not taking them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Does everyone who takes drugs become addicted?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not everyone who uses drugs becomes addicted. Everyone's bodies and brains are different, so their reactions to drugs can also be different. Some people may become addicted quickly, or it may happen over time. Other people never become addicted. Whether or not someone becomes addicted depends on many factors. They include genetic, environmental, and developmental factors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for drug addiction?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Various risk factors can make you more likely to become addicted to drugs, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your biology.&lt;/strong&gt; People can react to drugs differently. Some people like the feeling the first time they try a drug and want more. Others hate how it feels and never try it again.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mental health problems.&lt;/strong&gt; People who have untreated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental health problems&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder&lt;/a&gt; (ADHD) are more likely to become addicted. This can happen because drug use and mental health problems affect the same parts of the brain. Also, people with these problems may use drugs to try to feel better.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trouble at home.&lt;/strong&gt; If your home is an unhappy place or was when you were growing up, you might be more likely to have a drug problem.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trouble in school, at work, or with making friends.&lt;/strong&gt; You might use drugs to get your mind off these problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hanging around other people who use drugs.&lt;/strong&gt; They might encourage you to try drugs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Starting drug use when you're young.&lt;/strong&gt; When kids use drugs, it affects how their bodies and brains finish growing. This increases your chances of becoming addicted when you're an adult.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs that someone has a drug problem?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Signs that someone has a drug problem include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing friends a lot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spending a lot of time alone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Losing interest in favorite things&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not taking care of themselves - for example, not taking showers, changing clothes, or brushing their teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being really tired and sad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating more or eating less than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being very energetic, talking fast, or saying things that don't make sense&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being in a bad mood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quickly changing between feeling bad and feeling good&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleeping at strange hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Missing important appointments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having problems at work or at school&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having problems in personal or family relationships&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for drug addiction?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for drug addiction include counseling, medicines, or both. Research shows that combining medicines with counseling gives most people the best chance of success.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The counseling may be individual, family, and/or group therapy. It can help you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Understand why you got addicted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See how drugs changed your behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learn how to deal with your problems so you won't go back to using drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learn to avoid places, people, and situations where you might be tempted to use drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medicines can help with the symptoms of withdrawal. For addiction to certain drugs, there are also medicines that can help you re-establish normal brain function and decrease your cravings.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a mental disorder along with an addiction, it is known as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dualdiagnosis.html"&gt;dual diagnosis&lt;/a&gt;. It is important to treat both problems. This will increase your chance of success.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a severe addiction, you may need hospital-based or residential treatment. Residential treatment programs combine housing and treatment services.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can drug use and addiction be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Drug use and addiction are preventable. Prevention programs involving families, schools, communities, and the media may prevent or reduce drug use and addiction. These programs include education and outreach to help people understand the risks of drug use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html" id="1869" language="Spanish">Consumo de drogas y la adicción</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000076064">Drug Misuse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019966">Substance-Related Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/druguseandaddiction.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="120">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" id="136">Anabolic Steroids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html" id="1490">Club Drugs</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html" id="193">Cocaine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html" id="4959">Drugs and Young People</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html" id="285">Heroin</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html" id="4157">Inhalants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html" id="317">Marijuana</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html" id="134">Methamphetamine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="1706">Prescription Drug Misuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108">Smoking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Drug abuse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hallucinogens</see-reference>
<see-reference>Substance use</see-reference>
<site title="Barbiturate intoxication and overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000951.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Behavioral Health Equity" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/behavioral-health-equity">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Better Way To Say That: Stigmatizing Language Affects How We Treat Addiction" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-better-way-to-say-that-stigmatizing-language-affects-how-we-treat-addiction" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/una-mejor-forma-de-decirlo-el-lenguaje-estigmatizante-afecta-la-forma-de-tratar-la-adiccion">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Drug Use and Addiction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22drug+use+disorders%22+OR+%22drug+addiction%22+OR+%22drug+abuse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hallucinogens" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hallucinogens%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Commonly Used Drugs Charts" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/sustancias-de-abuso-habitual">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Addiction (Substance Use Disorder)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-causes/syc-20365112?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-causes/syc-20365112?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Drug And Substance Use Disorders" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/drug-and-substance-use-disorders">
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<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Images" url="https://www.dea.gov/media-gallery/drug-images">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Index" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/drogas">
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<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
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<site title="Drug Overdose Death Rates" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/las-tendencias-y-estadisticas/indices-de-muertes-por-sobredosis">
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<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing">
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<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug use first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000016.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugged Driving" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/conducir-bajo-el-efecto-de-drogas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs and Young People: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsandyoungpeople.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/addiction-science/drugs-brain-behavior-science-of-addiction" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/las-drogas-el-cerebro-y-la-conducta-la-ciencia-de-la-adiccion/prefacio">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Drug Overdoses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-overdoses.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Illicit Drug Use" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-use-illicit.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Substance Use" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-substance-use" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-uso-de-sustancias">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Identify Drug Paraphernalia" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Diseases in Persons Who Inject Drugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/persons-who-inject-drugs/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intervention: Help a Loved One Overcome Addiction" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/ART-20047451?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/art-20047451?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2020-nsduh-annual-national-report">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
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<site title="Kratom" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/kratom" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-kratom">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications for Substance Use Disorders" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
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<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDA: News Releases" url="https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/drogas-psicodelicas-disociativas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs as Medicines" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/psychedelic-dissociative-drugs-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-uso-de-las-drogas-psicodelicas-y-disociativas-como-medicamentos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug abuse" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Drug+Misuse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Substance-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Research Topics: Treatment" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-tratamiento">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Science of Drug Use: A Resource for the Justice Sector" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/criminal-justice/science-drug-use-resource-justice-sector">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Substance abuse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001945.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse Screening" url="https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/web/myhealthevet/substance-abuse-screening">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
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<site title="Substance use disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001522.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use Disorders: Get the Facts and Find Support" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/substance-use-disorders-get-the-facts-and-find-support" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/trastornos-por-uso-de-sustancias-obtenga-informacion-y-busque-apoyo">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Substance Use in Older Adults" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/substance-use-in-older-adults-drugfacts" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publications/el-consumo-de-drogas-entre-los-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use in Women Research Report" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/substance-use-in-women/summary" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/el-consumo-de-sustancias-en-las-mujeres">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Substance use recovery and diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002149.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synthetic Cathinones (&quot;Bath Salts&quot;)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cathinones-bath-salts" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/catinonas-sinteticas-sales-de-bano">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Medicines Safely after Alcohol or Drug Abuse Recovery" url="https://familydoctor.org/taking-medicines-safely-after-alcohol-or-drug-abuse-recovery/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicacion-segura-despues-del-abuso-de-alcohol-o-drogas/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Toxicology screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003578.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Treatment of Substance Use Disorders" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Trends &amp; Statistics" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/las-tendencias-y-estadisticas">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Drug Use and Addiction" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/entendiendo-el-uso-de-drogas-y-la-adiccion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Urine drug screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003364.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="What Are Bath Salts?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-bath-salts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-bath-salts.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Signs of Having a Problem With Drugs?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/conversation-starters/what-are-signs-having-problem-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://easyread.drugabuse.gov/es/content/sintomas-y-senales-de-que-alguien-tiene-un-problema-de-drogas">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="What Is Substance Abuse Treatment? A Booklet for Families" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4126.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma08-4098.pdf">
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Xylazine" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/xylazine" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-xilacina">
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<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Drug use or misuse is especially dangerous for young people. Drug use can interfere with developmental processes in the brain, and lead to other health problems." title="Drugs and Young People" url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html" id="4959" language="English" date-created="04/14/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is drug use?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;Drug use&lt;/a&gt;, or misuse, includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using illegal substances, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;Anabolic steroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html"&gt;Club drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html"&gt;Cocaine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html"&gt;Heroin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html"&gt;Inhalants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html"&gt;Marijuana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html"&gt;Methamphetamines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Misusing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;prescription medicines&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioids&lt;/a&gt;. This means taking the medicines in a different way than the health care provider prescribed. This includes&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone else&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Using the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. For example, instead of swallowing your tablets, you might crush and then snort or inject them.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Misusing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;over-the-counter medicines&lt;/a&gt;, including using them for another purpose and using them in a different way than you are supposed to.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why are drugs especially dangerous for young people?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Young people's brains are growing and developing until they are their mid-20's. This is especially true of the prefrontal cortex, which is used to make decisions. Taking drugs when young can interfere with developmental processes occurring in the brain. It can also affect their decision-making. They may be more likely to do risky things, such as unsafe sex and dangerous driving.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The earlier young people start using drugs, the greater their chances of continuing to use them and become addicted later in life.Taking drugs when you are young can contribute to the development of adult health problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which drugs most commonly used by young people?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The drugs that are most commonly used by young people are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;tobacco&lt;/a&gt;, and marijuana. Recently, more young people have started &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html"&gt;vaping&lt;/a&gt; tobacco and marijuana. There is still a lot we don't know about the dangers of vaping. Some people have unexpectedly gotten very ill or have even died after vaping. Because of this, young people should stay away from vaping.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why do young people take drugs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different reasons why a young person may take drugs, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To fit in.&lt;/strong&gt; Young people may do drugs because they want to be accepted by friends or peers who are doing drugs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To feel good.&lt;/strong&gt; Abused drugs can produce feelings of pleasure.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To feel better.&lt;/strong&gt; Some young people suffer from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;-related disorders, and physical pain. They may do drugs to try to get some relief.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To do better in academics or sports.&lt;/strong&gt; Some young people may take stimulants for studying or anabolic steroids to improve their athletic performance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To experiment.&lt;/strong&gt; Young people often want to try new experiences, especially ones that they think are thrilling or daring.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which young people are at risk for drug use?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Different factors may raise a young person's risk for drug use, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stressful early life experiences, such &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;child abuse&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;child sexual abuse&lt;/a&gt;, and other forms of trauma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Prenatal exposure&lt;/a&gt; to alcohol or other drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of parental supervision or monitoring&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having peers and/or friends who use drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs that a young person has a drug problem?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing friends a lot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spending a lot of time alone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Losing interest in favorite things&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not taking care of themselves - for example, not taking showers, changing clothes, or brushing their teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being really tired and sad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating more or eating less than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being very energetic, talking fast, or saying things that don't make sense&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being in a bad mood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quickly changing between feeling bad and feeling good&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Missing important appointments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having problems at school - missing class, getting bad grades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having problems in personal or family relationships&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lying and stealing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Memory lapses, poor concentration, lack of coordination, slurred speech, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can drug use in young people be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Drug use and addiction are preventable. Prevention programs involving families, schools, communities, and the media may prevent or reduce drug use and addiction. These programs include education and outreach to help people understand the risks of drug use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent your children from using drugs through:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Good communication with your children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Encouragement, so your children can build confidence and a strong sense of self. It also helps parents promote cooperation and reduce conflict.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teaching your children problem-solving skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Setting limits, to teach your children self-control and responsibility, provide safe boundaries, and show them that you care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Supervision, which helps parents recognize developing problems, promote safety, and stay involved&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Knowing your children's friends&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019966">Substance-Related Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsandyoungpeople.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html" id="1490">Club Drugs</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4961">Cold and Cough Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html" id="4157">Inhalants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html" id="317">Marijuana</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="1706">Prescription Drug Misuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html" id="1536">Smoking and Youth</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" id="1313">Underage Drinking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Substance use</see-reference>
<see-reference>Teen Drug Abuse</see-reference>
<site title="8 Tips for Talking (and Listening) to Your Teens About Drugs and Alcohol" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/8-tips-for-talking-and-listening-to-your-teens-about-drugs-and-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ocho-consejos-para-hablar-sobre-las-drogas-y-el-alcohol-con-los-adolescentes-y-escucharlos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Drugs and Young People" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22substance+use%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College-Age and Young Adults" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/college-age-young-adults">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Addiction (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/addictions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/addictions.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Abuse Prevention Starts with Parents" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/pages/Drug-Abuse-Prevention-Starts-with-Parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/paginas/drug-abuse-prevention-starts-with-parents.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs: What to Know (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/know-about-drugs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/know-about-drugs.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Identify Drug Paraphernalia" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/content/how-identify-drug-paraphernalia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mind Matters Series" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/mind-matter-series" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/mind-matters-espanol">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monitoring the Future" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/monitoring-future">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs and Young People" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Substance-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should You Drug Test Your Child?" url="https://drugfree.org/article/should-you-drug-test-your-child/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse Treatment for Children and Adolescents: Questions to Ask" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Substance-Abuse-Treatment-For-Children-And-Adolescents-Questions-To-Ask-041.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Spanish/Tratamiento_Para_el_Abuso_de_Substancias_para_Ninos_y_Adolescentes__Que_Preguntar_41.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Drug Abuse: Help Your Teen Avoid Drugs" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teen-drug-abuse/art-20045921?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teenagers and drugs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001975.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxicology screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003578.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Unintentional Drug Overdose Death Rates Among US Youth Aged 15-19" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/unintentional-drug-overdose-death-rates-among-us-youth-aged-15-19" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/tasas-de-mortalidad-por-sobredosis-no-intencionada-entre-los-jovenes-estadounidenses-de-15-19-anos">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Substance Abuse Treatment? A Booklet for Families" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4126.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma08-4098.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know about Drugs (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/know-drugs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/know-drugs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth High-Risk Drug Use" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/substance-use/hrsu.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Everyone has a dry mouth (Xerostomia) once in a while. But if it's frequent, it can lead to serious health problems. Find a list of common symptoms." title="Dry Mouth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html" id="5798" language="English" date-created="04/26/2011">
<also-called>Xerostomia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is saliva?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Saliva, or spit, is made by your salivary glands. It helps keep you and your mouth healthy. For example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It moistens and breaks down the foods you eat, which makes it easier for you to chew and swallow.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It washes away small food pieces from your teeth and gums, which helps fight against &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;tooth decay&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It contains minerals such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and phosphate, which can also help fight tooth decay.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It contains antibodies that can fight against infections of the mouth and throat. Antibodies are proteins that your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; makes to fight foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is dry mouth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having dry mouth, also called xerostomia, means that you don't have enough saliva to keep your mouth wet. Everyone has a dry mouth once in a while, like when you are nervous or stressed. But if you have a dry mouth all or most of the time, it can be uncomfortable. It can make chewing, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing&lt;/a&gt;, and even talking difficult. It also raises your risk for tooth decay or infections in the mouth.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;What causes dry mouth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many possible causes of dry mouth, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;Side effects of certain medicines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, such as some medicines for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, and bladder-control issues&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diseases&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;Sjogren's syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html"&gt;salivary gland disorders&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which can damage your salivary glands if they are exposed to radiation during the treatment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which can make your saliva thicker and cause your mouth to feel dry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nerve damage,&lt;/strong&gt; when it involves the nerves that tell salivary glands to make saliva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breathing through your mouth&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use of alcohol, tobacco, or other substances&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of dry mouth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of dry mouth may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A sticky, dry feeling in your mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting, or speaking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A burning feeling in your mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dry feeling in your throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cracked lips&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dry, rough tongue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mouth sores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An infection in your mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html"&gt;Bad breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is the cause of dry mouth diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have dry mouth, it's important to find out the cause. To do that, your health care provider or dentist will review your medical history, examine your mouth, and ask about any medicines you take. They may also suggest blood tests or a test that measures how much saliva you produce.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for dry mouth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for dry mouth depends on the cause. For example, if a medicine is causing dry mouth, your provider or dentist may suggest adjusting the dosage or switching medicines. In some cases, they might give you artificial saliva or a medicine to help your salivary glands work better.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also several things you can do to help relieve your symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink plenty of water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid drinks with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;, which can dry out your mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid spicy or salty foods because they can cause pain if your mouth is dry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid alcohol and tobacco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a humidifier at night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a mouthwash made for dry mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Since dry mouth can raise your risk of tooth decay, it's important to brush and floss your teeth regularly and see your dentist at least twice a year.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html" id="5799" language="Spanish">Boca seca</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014987">Xerostomia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/drymouth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="388">Salivary Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="918">Sjogren's Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Xerostomia</see-reference>
<site title="5 Common Questions About Dry Mouth" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-common-questions-about-dry-mouth" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cinco-preguntas-comunes-sobre-la-boca-seca">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Xerostomia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Xerostomia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry Mouth" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/dry-mouth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-boca-seca">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry mouth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007760.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry mouth during cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000032.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry Mouth Treatment: Tips for Controlling Dry Mouth" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-mouth/expert-answers/dry-mouth/faq-20058424?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dry-mouth/expert-answers/dry-mouth/faq-20058424?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry Mouth: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/Dry-Mouth-Q%26A.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/la-boca-seca-preguntas-y-respuestas.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Dryness or Thick Saliva" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Complications of Chemotherapy and Head/Neck Radiation" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry Mouth" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Xerostomia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spit Happens: The Surprising Importance of Saliva" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/spit-happens" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-sorpresa-que-le-hara-salivar">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people with a mental illness also have problems with substance abuse. This is called dual diagnosis, or co-occuring disorders. Learn more. " title="Dual Diagnosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dualdiagnosis.html" id="4270" language="English" date-created="01/12/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is dual diagnosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have a dual diagnosis, that means that you have both a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorder&lt;/a&gt; and a substance use disorder (SUD), either with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drugs&lt;/a&gt;. A dual diagnosis is a type of comorbidity, which is when someone has two disorders at the same time. Another name for this is co-occurring disorders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mental and substance use disorders often occur together. Many people who develop SUDs are also diagnosed with mental disorders. And the reverse is true; many people with mental disorders will develop an SUD. Having both types of disorders is even more common in teenagers, people with serious mental illness, and people with certain mental disorders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why do substance use disorders and mental disorders occur together?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although these problems often occur together, this does not mean that one caused the other, even if one appeared first. In fact, it can be hard to figure out which came first. Researchers think that there are three possible reasons as to why they often occur together:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Common risk factors can contribute to both mental disorders and SUDs.&lt;/strong&gt; These factors include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genetics.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;Stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trauma, especially in childhood. Veterans with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt; (PTSD) are also at risk for SUDs&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mental disorders can contribute to drug use and SUDs.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, people with mental disorders may use drugs or alcohol to try to feel better temporarily. This is known as self-medication. Also, mental disorders may change the brain to make it more likely that you will become addicted.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Substance use and addiction can contribute to the development of a mental disorder.&lt;/strong&gt; Substance use may change the brain in ways that make you more likely to develop a mental disorder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for dual diagnosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have a dual diagnosis, it is usually better to treat both conditions at the same time rather than separately. You and your health care provider can work on a treatment plan that fits your needs.The plan should take into account your age, which substance(s) you are misusing, and which specific mental disorder(s) you have. The plan may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Behavioral therapy,&lt;/strong&gt; such as talk therapy (psychotherapy), long-term residential treatment (which combines housing and treatment services), and therapies to help you stay motivated to stick with your treatment plan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; There are effective medicines that treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html"&gt;opioid&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, and nicotine addiction. There are also medicines that can lessen the symptoms of many mental disorders. Some medicines may treat more than one disorder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A referral to a support group.&lt;/strong&gt; Support groups can give you emotional and social support. They are also a place where people can share tips about how to deal with day-to-day challenges.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dualdiagnosis.html" id="4271" language="Spanish">Diagnóstico doble</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017831">Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dualdiagnosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<site title="Bipolar Disorder and Alcoholism: Are They Related?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-disorder/FAQ-20057890?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-disorder/faq-20057890?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dual Diagnosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22dual+diagnosis%22&amp;term=mental+disorders&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Co-Occurring Disorders and Health Conditions" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/co-occurring-disorders-health-conditions" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-comorbilidad">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Co-Occurring: Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders" url="https://www.mhanational.org/conditions/co-occurring-mental-health-and-substance-use-disorders">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Connection Between Substance Use Disorders and Mental Illness" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/common-comorbidities-substance-use-disorders/part-1-connection-between-substance-use-disorders-mental-illness">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dual Diagnosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diagnosis%2C+Dual+%28Psychiatry%29%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use Disorders" url="https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Common-with-Mental-Illness/Substance-Use-Disorders/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Images/FactSheets/Spanish_Dual-Diagnosis_(Diagnostico-dual).pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A dwarf is a person of short stature - under 4' 10&quot; as an adult. Many conditions can cause dwarfism but Achondroplasia causes about 70 percent. " title="Dwarfism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dwarfism.html" id="1244" language="English" date-created="09/14/2000">
<also-called>Little person</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;People with dwarfism have short stature. This means that their height is under 4' 10" as an adult. They are usually of normal intelligence. Dwarfism most often does happen in families where both parents are of average height.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More than 300 different conditions can cause dwarfism. Achondroplasia is the most common type of dwarfism. Achondroplasia is a genetic condition that affects about 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people. It makes your arms and legs short in comparison to your head and trunk. You may also have a larger head and weak muscle tone. Other genetic conditions, kidney disease, and problems with metabolism or hormones can also cause dwarfism.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The conditions that cause dwarfism can also cause other health problems. Most of them are treatable. It is important to have regular checkups throughout your life.  With proper medical care, most people with dwarfism have active lives and live as long as other people.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dwarfism.html" id="1871" language="Spanish">Enanismo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004392">Dwarfism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dwarfism.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/growthdisorders.html" id="265">Growth Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Achondroplasia</see-reference>
<site title="3-M syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-m-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II" url="https://www.nemours.org/services/primordial-dwarfism/about-primordial-dwarfism.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achondrogenesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001247.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achondrogenesis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/achondrogenesis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Achondroplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001577.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achondroplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/achondroplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achondroplasia: About the Disease" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8173/achondroplasia/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12001/acondroplasia/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Achondroplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/achondroplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anauxetic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/anauxetic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/asphyxiating-thoracic-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atelosteogenesis type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/atelosteogenesis-type-2">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Campomelic Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campomelic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/campomelic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cartilage-hair hypoplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Achondroplasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Achondroplasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dwarfism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dwarfism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diastrophic Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diastrophic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/diastrophic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dwarfism" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/symptoms-causes/syc-20371969?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/symptoms-causes/syc-20371969?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dwarfism" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dwarfism.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dwarfism (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dwarfism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dwarfism.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ellis-Van Creveld Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ellis-van Creveld syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibrochondrogenesis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibrochondrogenesis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetics.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypochondrogenesis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypochondrogenesis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypochondroplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypochondroplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypochondroplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypochondroplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isolated growth hormone deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-growth-hormone-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kniest Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kniest dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kniest-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laron syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/laron-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meier-Gorlin syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meier-gorlin-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metatropic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/metatropic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoglophonic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteoglophonic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primordial Dwarfism (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/primordial-dwarfism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/primordial-dwarfism.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dwarfism" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dwarfism%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Robinow syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/robinow-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Saul-Wilson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saul-wilson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloepimetaphyseal-dysplasia-strudwick-type">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita (SEDc) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloepiphyseal-dysplasia-congenita">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondylothoracic dysostosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondylothoracic-dysostosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thanatophoric dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/thanatophoric-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dystonia is a movement disorder. It causes involuntary, often painful, contractions of your muscles. Learn about causes, symptoms, and what can help." title="Dystonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html" id="1252" language="English" date-created="06/06/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Dystonia is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement disorder&lt;/a&gt; that causes involuntary contractions of your muscles. These contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements. Sometimes they are painful.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Dystonia can affect just one muscle, a group of muscles or all of your muscles. Symptoms can include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html"&gt;tremors&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html"&gt;voice problems&lt;/a&gt; or a dragging foot. Symptoms often start in childhood. They can also start in the late teens or early adulthood. Some cases worsen over time. Others are mild.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some people inherit dystonia. Others have it because of another disease. Researchers think that dystonia may be due to a problem in the part of the brain that handles messages about muscle contractions. There is no cure. Doctors use medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html"&gt;Botox&lt;/a&gt; injections, surgery, physical therapy, and other treatments to reduce or eliminate muscle spasms and pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html" id="1873" language="Spanish">Distonía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004421">Dystonia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Spasmodic Torticollis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Torticollis</see-reference>
<site title="Botulinum toxin injection - larynx" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007637.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Treatment for Muscle Spasms" url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Dystonia (Spasmodic Torticollis)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervical-dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dystonia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dystonia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Torticollis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Torticollis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deafness-dystonia-optic neuronopathy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/deafness-dystonia-optic-neuronopathy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dopamine-transporter-deficiency-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dystonia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#dystonia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dystonia 16: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dystonia-16">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dystonia 6: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dystonia-6">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dystonia Medical Research Foundation" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dystonia: Emotional and Mental Health" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/living-dystonia/mental-health/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dystonia: Non-Drug Therapies" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/living-dystonia/treatment/non-drug-therapies/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Early-onset primary dystonia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/early-onset-primary-dystonia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Employees with Dystonia" url="https://askjan.org/disabilities/Dystonia.cfm?">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disability Employment Policy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypermanganesemia with dystonia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypermanganesemia-with-dystonia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myoclonus-dystonia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonus-dystonia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dystonia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dystonia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rapid-onset-dystonia-parkinsonism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sepiapterin reductase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sepiapterin-reductase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spasmodic dysphonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000753.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Classifications" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/symptoms-classifications/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Task-specific focal dystonia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/task-specific-focal-dystonia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Torticollis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000749.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic Injury" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/types-dystonia/injury/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Dystonia" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/types-dystonia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tyrosine-hydroxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-dystonia-parkinsonism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Smoking e-cigarettes, or vaping, may not be as safe as you might think. An e-cigarette contains nicotine which is harmful to your health. Learn more." title="E-Cigarettes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html" id="6290" language="English" date-created="10/06/2015">
<also-called>E-Cigs</also-called>
<also-called>Electronic Cigarettes</also-called>
<also-called>Personal Vaporizer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;E-cigarettes, or electronic cigarettes, are battery-operated smoking devices.  They often look like cigarettes, but work differently.  Using an e-cigarette is called vaping. The user puffs on the mouthpiece of a cartridge. This causes a vaporizer to heat the liquid inside the cartridge. The liquid contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. The heated liquid turns into the vapor that is inhaled.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some people think that e-cigarettes are safer than cigarettes, and that they can be used to help people quit smoking.  But not much is known about the health risks of using them, or whether they do help people quit smoking.  However we do know about some dangers of e-cigarettes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They contain nicotine, which is addictive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They contain other potentially harmful chemicals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There is a link between e-cigarette use and tobacco cigarette use in teens&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The liquid in e-cigarettes can cause nicotine poisoning if someone drinks, sniffs, or touches it &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html" id="6291" language="Spanish">Cigarrillo electrónico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D066300">Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Vaping</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Electronic+Nicotine+Delivery+Systems%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E-cigarettes and E-hookahs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000761.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigarettes and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/pregnancy-substance-abuse/e-cigarettes.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigs, Menthol, and Dip" url="https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/ecigs-menthol-dip" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/cigarrillos-electronicos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Properly Store E-Liquids and Prevent Accidental Exposure of E-Liquids to Children" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-properly-store-e-liquids-and-prevent-accidental-exposure-e-liquids-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-almacenar-correctamente-los-liquidos-electronicos-y-evitar-la-exposicion-accidental-de-los">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigarettes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Electronic+Nicotine+Delivery+Systems%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Vaping: A Look at Safety" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/risks-vaping" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-riesgos-de-vapear">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke and Electronic-Cigarette Aerosols" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-smoke-and-electronic-cigarette-aerosols">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaping Devices (Electronic Cigarettes) DrugFacts" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/vaping-devices-electronic-cigarettes" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/cigarrillos-electronicos-e-cigs">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaping: What Parents Should Know" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/e-cigarettes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/e-cigarettes.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="E. Coli infections are caused by a bacteria. An E. Coli infection can make you feel sick. Learn about E. Coli symptoms, treatment, and more." title="E. Coli Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html" id="1010" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<also-called>Escherichia coli</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;E. coli is the name of a type of bacteria that lives in your intestines. Most types of E. coli are harmless. However, some types can make you sick and cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. One type causes travelers' diarrhea. The worst type of E. coli causes bloody diarrhea, and can sometimes cause kidney failure and even death. These problems are most likely to occur in children and in adults with weak immune systems. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can get E. coli infections by eating foods containing the bacteria. Symptoms of infection include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea or vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe abdominal cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Watery or very bloody diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To help avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;food poisoning&lt;/a&gt; and prevent infection, handle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;food safely&lt;/a&gt;. Cook meat well, wash fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking them, and avoid unpasteurized milk and juices. You can also get the infection by swallowing water in a swimming pool contaminated with human waste.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most cases of E. coli infection get better without treatment in 5 to 10 days.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html" id="1874" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Escherichia coli</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004927">Escherichia coli Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158">Bacterial Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211">Diarrhea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434">Food Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<site title="About Escherichia coli Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/ecoli-and-food-safety.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Escherichia coli Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Escherichia+coli+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E-Coli Infection: Not Just from Food" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/E-Coli-Infection-Not-Just-From-Food.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/e-coli-infection-not-just-from-food.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="E. Coli" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/e-coli">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E. coli" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/print/pdf/node/14?id=e-coli-table" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/intoxicaci%c3%b3n/causas/bacteriasvirus/ecoli/2g59/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E. Coli and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/e-coli-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/e-coli/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="E. coli enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000296.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="E. Coli Infections: Diarrhea" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/e-coli.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ecoli.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farm Animals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/farm-animals.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ground Beef and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat/ground-beef-and-food-safety" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/preparacion-de-las-carnes/enfoque-carne-molida-de-res/carne-molida-res">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-uremico-hemolitico-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemolytic-uremic syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000510.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent E. coli Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E. Coli Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Escherichia+coli+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Some ear disorders can result in hearing problems and deafness. Find out which conditions can affect your hearing and balance. " title="Ear Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eardisorders.html" id="1545" language="English" date-created="10/15/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your ear has three main parts: outer, middle and inner. You use all of them in hearing. Sound waves come in through your outer ear. They reach your middle ear, where they make your eardrum vibrate. The vibrations are transmitted through three tiny bones, called ossicles, in your middle ear. The vibrations travel to your inner ear, a snail-shaped organ. The inner ear makes the nerve impulses that are sent to the brain. Your brain recognizes them as sounds. The inner ear also controls balance.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;A variety of conditions may affect your hearing or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;Ear infections&lt;/a&gt; are the most common illness in infants and young children.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html"&gt;Tinnitus&lt;/a&gt;, a roaring in your ears, can be the result of loud noises, medicines or a variety of other causes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menieresdisease.html"&gt;Meniere's disease&lt;/a&gt; may be the result of fluid problems in your inner ear; its symptoms include tinnitus and dizziness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ear &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html"&gt;barotrauma&lt;/a&gt; is an injury to your ear because of changes in barometric (air) or water pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some ear disorders can result in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing disorders and deafness&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html" id="1875" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del oído</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004427">Ear Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acousticneuroma.html" id="1624">Acoustic Neuroma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html" id="6095">Barotrauma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html" id="115">Ear Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menieresdisease.html" id="1674">Meniere's Disease</related-topic>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anotia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anotia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aural Atresia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aural-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aural-atresia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aural polyps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001638.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Auriculo-condylar syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/auriculo-condylar-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Benign ear cyst or tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001033.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caloric stimulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003429.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cauliflower Ear" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cauliflower-ear.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/chondrodermatitis-nodularis-helicis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ear Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ear+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conductive Hearing Loss" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/conductive-hearing-loss/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital deafness with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia, and microdontia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-deafness-with-labyrinthine-aplasia-microtia-and-microdontia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Constricted Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/constricted-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/constricted-ears.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cosmetic ear surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002988.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002988.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cryptotia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cryptotia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cryptotia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Canal Infection (Swimmer's Ear)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/ear-canal-infection-swimmer-s-ear" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/infecci%C3%B3n-del-conducto-auditivo-o%C3%ADdo-de-nadador">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Canal Stenosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-canal-stenosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-canal-stenosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003042.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000052.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear examination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003340.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Injuries (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-injuries.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Injury" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/ear-injury" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/lesiones-faciales/lesi%C3%B3n-del-o%C3%ADdo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/ear-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-oido/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100016_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100016_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear tag" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003304.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Tumors" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/ear-tumors" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/tumores-del-o%C3%ADdo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear wax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000979.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000979.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Earache" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003046.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eardrum repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003014.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eardrum repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100015_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100015_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Earwax Blockage" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/earwax-blockage/symptoms-causes/syc-20353004?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/earwax-blockage/symptoms-causes/syc-20353004?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts and Childhood Hearing Loss" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/enlarged-vestibular-aqueducts-and-childhood-hearing-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/acueductos-vestibulares-dilatados-y-la-perdida-de-audicion-en-los-ninos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eustachian Tube Dysfunction" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/eustachian-tube-dysfunction/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/disfuncion-de-las-trompas-de-eustaquio-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eustachian tube patency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001630.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flying and Your Child's Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flying-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flying-ears.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign Object in the Ear: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid/basics/ART-20056709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid/basics/art-20056709?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusion of the ear bones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001633.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomus tympanum tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001635.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001635.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-set ears and pinna abnormalities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003303.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microtia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/microtia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/microtia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otoplasty (Cosmetic Ear Surgery)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/otoplasty/about/pac-20394822?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/otosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/otosclerosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001036.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perichondritis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/perichondritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/pericondritis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protruding Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/protruding-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/protruding-ears.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear diseases and deformities" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ear+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Ruptured eardrum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001038.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ear-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear-care.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tympanometry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003390.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tympanoplasty" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tympanoplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tympanoplasty.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vestibular Neuronitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/vestibular-neuronitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-interno/neuronitis-vestibular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Earwax?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/earwax.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/earwax.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ear infections are common in children. The infection usually affects the middle ear and is called otitis media. Learn what to look out for." title="Ear Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html" id="115" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Otitis media</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ear infections are the most common reason parents bring their child to a doctor. Three out of four children will have at least one ear infection by their third birthday.  Adults can also get ear infections, but they are less common.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;The infection usually affects the middle ear and is called otitis media. The tubes inside the ears become clogged with fluid and mucus. This can affect hearing, because sound cannot get through all that fluid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your child isn't old enough to say "My ear hurts," here are a few things to look for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tugging at ears&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crying more than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fluid draining from the ear&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble sleeping&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balance difficulties&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hearing problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider will diagnose an ear infection by looking inside the ear with an instrument called an otoscope.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, ear infections go away on their own. Your health care provider may recommend pain relievers. Severe infections and infections in young babies may require antibiotics. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children who get infections often may need surgery to place small tubes inside their ears. The tubes relieve pressure in the ears so that the child can hear again.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html" id="1876" language="Spanish">Infecciones de los oídos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010033">Otitis Media</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/earinfections.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Otitis Media</see-reference>
<see-reference>Swimmer's Ear</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can I Prevent Ear Infections When My Child Swims? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-infections-swimming.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-infections-swimming.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesteatoma" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/cholesteatoma/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesteatoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001050.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Otitis Media" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Otitis+Media%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ear  Infection (Middle Ear)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Ear discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003042.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Ear drainage culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003763.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear examination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003340.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infection" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ear-infection/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-oido-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear infection - acute" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000638.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear infection - chronic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000619.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ear-infection/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/sp/for-patients/common-illnesses/ear-infection.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infection Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000638_47.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000638_102.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infections in Children" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/ear-infections-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/infecciones-del-oido-en-los-ninos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infections in Children: Information for Parents" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Ear-Infection-Information.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/ear-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-oido/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<site title="Ear tube insertion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003015.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Ear tube insertion - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100045_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100045_1.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Ear Tube Surgery (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-infections.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Ear Tube Surgery (Myringotomy) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-tube-surgery-animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Ear tube surgery - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000220.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Ear Tubes" url="https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/ear-tubes/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="Earache" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003046.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Eardrum repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003014.htm">
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<site title="Eardrum repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100015_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100015_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help Your Child through Winter Ear Infections" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/help-your-child-through-winter-ear-infections" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/ayude-a-su-nino-con-infecciones-de-oido-en-el-invierno">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="How to Use Ear Drops" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/ear-drops">
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<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious myringitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001369.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Labyrinthitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001054.htm">
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<site title="Labyrinthitis - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/">
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<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malignant otitis externa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000672.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000672.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Mastoidectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003016.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Mastoiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001034.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Middle Ear Infections (Otitis Media)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/otitis-media.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/otitis-media.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001336.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otitis media with effusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicity (Ear Poisoning) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ototoxicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ototoxicity.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perichondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Petrositis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001254.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001254.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Otitis+Media%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Ruptured eardrum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001038.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptured Eardrum (Perforated Eardrum)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ruptured-eardrum/symptoms-causes/syc-20351879?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Statistics about Hearing, Balance, Ear Infections and Deafness" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Swimmer's Ear" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/swimmers-ear.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swimmer's ear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000622.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swimmer's Ear (External Otitis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/swimmers-ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/swimmers-ear.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swimmer's Ear (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/swimmer-ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/swimmer-ear.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tympanoplasty" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tympanoplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tympanoplasty.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is an Ear Infection?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ear-infection.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear-infection.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn how to protect your family and home from the effects of an earthquake. " title="Earthquakes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html" id="4594" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An earthquake happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.  Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently, and without warning at any time of the day or night. If an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause property damage, injuries, and even deaths. If you live in a coastal area, there is the possibility of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html"&gt;tsunami&lt;/a&gt;. Damage from earthquakes can also lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html"&gt;floods&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html"&gt;fires&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety during an earthquake, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html" id="4595" language="Spanish">Terremotos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055866">Earthquakes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Natural Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Earthquake Hazards" url="https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Geological Survey</organization>
</site>
<site title="Earthquakes: Before, During, and After" url="https://www.cdc.gov/earthquakes/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/earthquakes/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Landslides and Mudslides and Your Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/landslides-and-mudslides/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/landslides.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Earthquakes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Earthquakes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know that more women than men have eating disorders? Learn more about eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating." title="Eating Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html" id="237" language="English" date-created="01/15/1999">
<also-called>Anorexia nervosa</also-called>
<also-called>Binge eating</also-called>
<also-called>Bulimia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are eating disorders?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eating disorders are medical conditions; they are not a lifestyle choice. They affect your body's ability to get proper nutrition. This can lead to health issues, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; problems, or sometimes even death. But there are treatments that can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of eating disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Common types of eating disorders include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Binge-eating&lt;/strong&gt;, which is out-of-control eating. People with binge-eating disorder keep eating even after they are full. They often eat until they feel very uncomfortable. Afterward, they usually have feelings of guilt, shame, and distress. Eating too much too often can lead to weight gain and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;. Binge-eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the U.S.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulimia nervosa.&lt;/strong&gt; People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anorexia nervosa.&lt;/strong&gt; People with anorexia nervosa avoid food, severely restrict food, or eat very small quantities of only certain foods. They may see themselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously underweight. Anorexia nervosa is the least common of the three eating disorders, but it is often the most serious. It has the highest death rate of any mental disorder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes eating disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of eating disorders is unknown. Researchers believe that eating disorders are caused by a complex interaction of factors. These include genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for eating disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop an eating disorder, but they are more common in women. Eating disorders frequently appear during the teen years or young adulthood. But people can also develop them during childhood or later in life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of eating disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of eating disorders vary, depending on the disorder:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of &lt;strong&gt;binge-eating&lt;/strong&gt; include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific amount of time, such as a 2-hour period&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating even when you're full or not hungry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating fast during binge episodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating until you're uncomfortably full&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating alone or in secret to avoid embarrassment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling distressed, ashamed, or guilty about your eating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequently dieting, possibly without weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of &lt;strong&gt;bulimia nervosa&lt;/strong&gt; include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing intensive and excessive exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fasting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronically inflamed and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;sore throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;decaying teeth&lt;/a&gt;. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe dehydration from purging&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;Electrolyte imbalance&lt;/a&gt;, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of &lt;strong&gt;anorexia nervosa&lt;/strong&gt; include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating very little, to the point of starving yourself&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intensive and excessive exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extreme thinness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intense fear of gaining weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distorted body image - seeing yourself as overweight even when you are severely underweight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Over time, anorexia nervosa can cause health problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mild &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle wasting and weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thin, brittle hair and nails&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry, blotchy, or yellowish skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Growth of fine hair all over the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;Low blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slowed breathing and pulse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling cold all the time because of a drop in internal body temperature&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling faint, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizzy&lt;/a&gt;, or weak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling tired all the time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html"&gt;Infertility&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage to the structure and function of the heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brain damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Multiorgan failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. Some people with this disorder die of complications from starvation, and others die of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with eating disorders may also have other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorders&lt;/a&gt; (such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;) or problems with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;substance use&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is eating disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Because eating disorders can be so serious, it is important to seek help if you or a loved one thinks that you might have a problem. Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. It is important to be honest about your eating and exercise behaviors so your provider can help you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood or urine tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other tests to see whether you have any other health problems caused by the eating disorder. These can include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;kidney function tests&lt;/a&gt; and an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;electrocardiogram&lt;/a&gt; (EKG or ECG).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for eating disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment plans for eating disorders are tailored to individual needs. You will likely have a team of providers helping you, including doctors, nutritionists, nurses, and therapists. The treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Individual, group, and/or family psychotherapy.&lt;/strong&gt; Individual therapy may include cognitive behavioral approaches, which help you to identify and change negative and unhelpful thoughts. It also helps you build coping skills and change behavioral patterns.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medical care and monitoring,&lt;/strong&gt; including care for the complications that eating disorders can cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nutrition counseling.&lt;/strong&gt; Doctors, nurses, and counselors will help you eat healthy to reach and maintain a healthy weight.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers, may help treat some eating disorders. The medicines can also help with the depression and anxiety symptoms that often go along with eating disorders.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with serious eating disorders may need to be in a hospital or in a residential treatment program. Residential treatment programs combine housing and treatment services.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html" id="1877" language="Spanish">Trastornos de la alimentación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001068">Feeding and Eating Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anorexia Nervosa</see-reference>
<see-reference>Binge Eating</see-reference>
<see-reference>Bulimia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pica</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anorexia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000362.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anorexia and Bulimia: How Eating Disorders Can Affect Your Child" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/pages/eating-disorders-anorexia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Paginas/Eating-Disorders-Anorexia.aspx">
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<site title="Anorexia Nervosa" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/anorexia-nervosa" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/anorexia-nervosa">
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</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/arfid.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Binge Eating Disorder" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/binge-eating-disorder">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Binge Eating Disorder" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder">
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<site title="Binge eating disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003265.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003265.htm">
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<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
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<site title="Break the bonds of emotional eating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000808.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bulimia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000341.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bulimia Nervosa" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Finder" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_Youth/CAP_Finder/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resources/CAP_Finder.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anorexia Nervosa" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anorexia+Nervosa%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Binge-Eating Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Binge-Eating+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bulimia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bulimia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Exercise" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/compulsive-exercise.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Exercise" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/compulsive-exercise.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorder Treatment: Know Your Options" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/ART-20046234?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eat-disorder.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eat-disorder.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders" url="https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Eating-Disorders/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders and Diabetes" url="https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/eating-disorders-and-diabetes/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eating Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders: About More than Food" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-trastornos-de-la-alimentacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders: Statistics" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/eating-disorders">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
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<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intervention: Help a Loved One Overcome Addiction" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/ART-20047451?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/art-20047451?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Let's Talk about Eating Disorders" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/lets-talk-about-eating-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/hablemos-de-los-trastornos-de-la-alimentacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eating Disorders Association" url="https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eating Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001538.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pica" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pica.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pica" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pica/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Feeding+and+Eating+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rumination disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001539.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Food Consumes You: Taking Eating to Extremes" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/11/when-food-consumes-you" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-la-comida-lo-consume-a-usted">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ebola, a type of hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and often deadly disease caused by several different types of Ebola viruses. Learn about treatment and prevention." title="Ebola" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html" id="6202" language="English" date-created="08/13/2014">
<also-called>Ebola disease</also-called>
<also-called>Ebola hemorrhagic fever</also-called>
<also-called>Ebola virus disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Ebola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD), is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html"&gt;hemorrhagic fever&lt;/a&gt;. It is a rare and often deadly disease. It can be caused by several different types of Ebola viruses. There are occasional outbreaks of Ebola, and they mostly occur in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does Ebola spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers believe that the virus first spreads from an infected animal to a human. Ebola can then spread from human to human through direct contact with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood or body fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Objects (such as clothes, bedding, needles, and medical equipment) contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Semen (through oral, vaginal, or anal sex) from a man who has recovered from Ebola. The virus can remain in semen and other body fluids, even if the person no longer has symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When people become infected with Ebola, they do not start developing signs or symptoms right away. They cannot spread Ebola to others until after they develop symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Ebola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of Ebola may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. The average is about 8 to 10 days. The symptoms usually include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint and muscle aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sore throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gastrointestinal symptoms including &lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unexplained &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other symptoms may include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt;, red eyes, and hiccups.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Ebola diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The early symptoms of Ebola are similar to other more common diseases. This makes it difficult to diagnose Ebola in someone who has been infected for only a few days. If a person has the symptoms of Ebola and may have been exposed to the virus, the health care provider can do a blood test for Ebola. It can take a few days after the symptoms start before Ebola shows up in the blood test.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Ebola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the United States, there are two approved medicines to treat Ebola that is caused by one specific type of virus (&lt;em&gt;Zaire ebolavirus&lt;/em&gt;). These medicines have not been evaluated to treat Ebola caused by other types of Ebola viruses. The medicines are monoclonal antibodies, which are immune system proteins that are created in the lab.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;p&gt;Whether or not there are medicines to treat a case of Ebola, there is supportive care. This type of care can improve the chances of survival, especially when given early. Supportive care includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Giving &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;fluids and electrolytes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Giving medicines to support blood pressure, reduce vomiting and diarrhea, and to manage fever and pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Giving oxygen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treating any other complications or infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who recover may still have side effects afterwards, such as fatigue, muscle aches, eye and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vision problems&lt;/a&gt;, and stomach pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can Ebola be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the United States, there is one vaccine that has been approved to prevent Ebola caused by one specific type of Ebola virus (&lt;em&gt;Zaire ebolavirus&lt;/em&gt;). It may be given to health care providers who will be or may be treating Ebola patients and people who work with live Ebola virus in labs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you live in or plan to travel to a region where Ebola virus may be present, you can help protect yourself by avoiding contact with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood and body fluids of people who are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola, until testing shows that the virus is gone from his semen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Items that could be contaminated with blood or body fluids from someone who has Ebola&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bats, forest antelopes, and nonhuman primates (such as monkeys and chimpanzees), including their blood, fluids, or meat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html" id="6203" language="Spanish">Ebola</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D029043">Ebolavirus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D046129">Ebola Vaccines</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019142">Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ebola.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="1652">Hemorrhagic Fevers</related-topic>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ebola Vaccines" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ebola+Vaccines%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ebolavirus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ebolavirus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemorrhagic+Fever,+Ebola%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ebola (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ebola.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ebola.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebola Disease Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ebola/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/spanish/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebola Transmission: Can Ebola Spread Through the Air?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/can-ebola-spread-through-air/faq-20115575?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/can-ebola-spread-through-air/faq-20115575?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebola Vaccine Information Statement" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ebola.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebola Virus Disease" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebola virus disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001339.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebola Virus Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-del-virus-del-ebola-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Ebola in the U.S." url="https://www.cdc.gov/ebola/hcp/communication-resources/facts-about-ebola-in-the-u-s.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/spanish/pdf/ebola-infographic_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Ebola Disease Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ebola/causes/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Outbreak History" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ebola/outbreaks/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebola" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemorrhagic+Fever%2C+Ebola%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Ebola+Vaccines%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Ebolavirus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Ebola Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ebola/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/spanish/sintomas.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- Ebola Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ebola.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El Ébola, un tipo de fiebre hemorrágica, es una enfermedad rara y a menudo mortal causada por varios tipos diferentes de virus del Ébola. Aprenda más sobre tratamiento y prevención." title="Ebola" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html" id="6203" language="Spanish" date-created="08/18/2014">
<also-called>Enfermedad por el virus del Ebola</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el ébola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El ébola, también conocido como enfermedad por el virus del Ébola, es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html"&gt;fiebre hemorrágica&lt;/a&gt;. Es una enfermedad rara y, a menudo, mortal. Puede ser causado por varios tipos diferentes de virus del Ébola. Hay brotes ocasionales de ébola, y la mayoría ocurren en África.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propaga el ébola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores creen que el virus se transmite primero de un animal infectado a un ser humano. El ébola puede propagarse de persona a persona a través del contacto directo con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre o fluidos corporales de una persona enferma o que haya muerto a causa del ébola&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Objetos (como ropa, ropa de cama, agujas y equipo médico) contaminados con fluidos corporales de una persona enferma o que haya muerto a causa del ébola&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Semen (a través de sexo oral, vaginal o anal) de un hombre que se haya recuperado del ébola. El virus puede permanecer en el semen y otros fluidos corporales, incluso si la persona ya no tiene síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando las personas se infectan con ébola, los signos o síntomas de la afección no aparecen de inmediato. El ébola no se puede contagiar a otros hasta después de aparecer los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del ébola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del ébola pueden aparecer entre 2 y 21 días después de la exposición al virus. El promedio es de unos 8 a 10 días. En general, los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores articulares y musculares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas gastrointestinales que incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;Sangrado&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt; inexplicables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;, ojos rojos e hipo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el ébola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los primeros síntomas del ébola son similares a los de otras enfermedades más comunes. Esto hace difícil diagnosticarlo en alguien que ha estado infectado solo unos días. Si una persona tiene síntomas del ébola y puede haber estado expuesta al virus, el profesional de la salud puede realizar un análisis de sangre para detectarlo. Pueden pasar algunos días después del comienzo de los síntomas antes de que el ébola aparezca en la prueba de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el ébola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, hay dos medicamentos aprobados para tratar el ébola causado por un tipo específico de virus (&lt;em&gt;cepa de ebolavirus de Zaire&lt;/em&gt;). Estos medicamentos no se han evaluado para tratar el ébola causado por otros tipos de virus. Los medicamentos son anticuerpos monoclonales, que son proteínas del sistema inmunitario que se crean en el laboratorio.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;p&gt;Ya sea que haya o no medicamentos para tratar un caso de ébola, existe atención de apoyo. Este tipo de atención puede mejorar las posibilidades de supervivencia, especialmente cuando se trata temprano. La atención de apoyo incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Administrar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;líquidos y electrolitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Administrar medicamentos para mantener la presión arterial, reducir los vómitos y la diarrea, y controlar la fiebre y el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dar oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar cualquier otra complicación o infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que se recuperan aún pueden tener efectos secundarios posteriores, como fatiga, dolores musculares, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;problemas de los ojos y de la visión&lt;/a&gt; y dolor de estómago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el ébola?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay una vacuna disponible en los Estados Unidos aprobada para prevenir el ébola causado por un tipo específico de virus del Ébola (&lt;em&gt;cepa de ebolavirus de Zaire&lt;/em&gt;). Se puede administrar a proveedores de atención médica que tratan o pueden tratar a pacientes con ébola y personas que trabajan con virus de Ébola vivo en laboratorios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si vive o planea viajar a una región donde el virus del Ébola puede estar presente, puede ayudar a protegerse evitando el contacto con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre y fluidos corporales de personas enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Semen de un hombre que se recuperó del ébola, hasta que las pruebas muestren que el virus desapareció de su semen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Objetos que podrían estar contaminados con sangre o fluidos corporales de alguien que tiene ébola&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Murciélagos, antílopes del bosque y primates no humanos (como monos y chimpancés), incluyendo sangre, fluidos o carne&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html" id="6202" language="English">Ebola</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="2256">Fiebres hemorrágicas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Enfermedad por el virus del Ebola</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad del virus del Ébola" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-del-virus-del-ebola-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por el virus del Ébola" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por el virus del Ébola" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001339.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por el virus del Ébola y el virus de Marburgo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/arbovirus-arenavirus-y-filovirus/infecciones-por-el-virus-del-%C3%A9bola-y-el-virus-de-marburgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/arboviruses-arenaviruses-filoviruses/ebola-virus-and-marburg-virus-infections">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transmisión del Ébola: ¿Puede el Ébola diseminarse por el aire?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/can-ebola-spread-through-air/faq-20115575?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/can-ebola-spread-through-air/faq-20115575?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ébola (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ebola.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ebola.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ébola: Lo que los padres deben saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/ebola.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La dermatitis atópica (eccema) es una enfermedad cutánea que causa hinchazón y picazón. Entérese sobre otros síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Eccema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html" id="1878" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Dermatitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Eccema es un término que designa varios tipos distintos de hinchazón de la piel. También se llama dermatitis. La mayoría de los tipos causa sequedad y comezón en la piel, además de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; en la cara, al interior de los codos y detrás de las rodillas; y en las manos y los pies. Rascarse la piel puede enrojecerla, aumentando la hinchazón y picazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El eccema no es contagioso. No se conoce la causa del eccema. Es probable que sea causada por factores genéticos y ambientales. El eccema puede mejorar o empeorar con el tiempo, pero a menudo es una enfermedad de larga duración. Las personas que la padecen también pueden desarrollar fiebre del heno y asma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tipo más común de eccema es la dermatitis atópica. Es más común en los bebés y los niños, pero también puede afectar a los adultos. A medida que los niños con dermatitis atópica crecen, el problema puede mejorar o desaparecer. Pero a veces la piel puede permanecer seca e irritarse fácilmente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, cremas para la piel, terapia de luz y un buen cuidado de la piel. Usted puede prevenir algunos tipos de eccema, evitando:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las cosas que irritan la piel, como ciertos jabones, telas y lociones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El estrés&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las cosas que le causan alergia, como ciertos alimentos, el polen y los animales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html" id="1215" language="English">Eczema</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html" id="1849">Sarpullido</related-topic>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la dermatitis atópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000418.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con la picazón y piel roja" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/decisiones-sobre-las-erupciones" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/01/rash-decisions">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis atópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000853.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis atópica en niños: Cuidado en casa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000939.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000963.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eccema" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eccema (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eczema.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eczema.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eccema numular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000870.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eccema ponfólix" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000832.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eccema y dermatitis atópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/eccema-y-dermatitis-atopica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/eczema-and-atopic-dermatitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eccema: Cómo ayudar a su niño a evitar la picazón" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/eczema.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Eczema.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="El eczema y el frío" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-eczema-y-el-frio" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/eczema-and-the-cold">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eritrodermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001610.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupciones cutáneas leves y otros cambios en la piel" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003220.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puntos claves de terapia  para  pacientes con dermatitis atópica" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/puntos-claves-de-terapia-para-pacientes-con-dermatitis-atopica">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratosis pilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001462.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Receta de baño de lejía para afecciones cutáneas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/receta-de-bano-de-lejia-para-afecciones-cutaneas">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarpullidos del bebé: Eczema o eccema" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Paginas/Infant-Rashes-Eczema.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento con bacterias mejora el eccema infantil" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-tratamiento-con-bacterias-mejora-el-eccema-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/12/bacteria-treatment-improves-childrens-eczema">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la dermatitis atópica?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/dermatitis-atopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Sarpullido y picazón? La verdad sobre la dermatitis" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sarpullido-y-picazon">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="In an ectopic, or tubal, pregnancy, a fertilized egg grows outside of the uterus. It can be dangerous for the mother. Know the symptoms to watch for." title="Ectopic Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html" id="5811" language="English" date-created="07/11/2011">
<also-called>Abdominal pregnancy</also-called>
<also-called>Tubal pregnancy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. If you have an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg grows in the wrong place, outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. The result is usually a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ectopic pregnancy can be a medical emergency if it ruptures. Signs of ectopic pregnancy include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shoulder pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vaginal bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling dizzy or faint&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Get medical care right away if you have these signs. Doctors use drugs or surgery to remove the ectopic tissue so it doesn't damage your organs. Many women who have had ectopic pregnancies go on to have healthy pregnancies later.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html" id="5812" language="Spanish">Embarazo ectópico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011271">Pregnancy, Ectopic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html" id="515">Miscarriage</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abdominal Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cervical Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tubal Pregnancy</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy, Ectopic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy,+Ectopic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy, Tubal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy,+Tubal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="D and C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="D and C - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilation and curettage (D&amp;C)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dilation-and-curettage/about/pac-20384910?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectopic Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ectopic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ectopic.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectopic Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/ectopic-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-embarazo-ectopico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectopic pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000895.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectopic Pregnancy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20372088?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectopic/Tubal Pregnancy and Miscarriage" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/ectopic-tubal-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HCG blood test - quantitative" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003510.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstetric Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/obstetricus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/obstetricus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progesterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ectopic pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy%2C+Ectopic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Eczema is a general term for different types of rashes. Atopic dermatitis, the most common type, is an allergic skin reaction. Read about treatments." title="Eczema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html" id="1215" language="English" date-created="06/29/2000">
<also-called>Dermatitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Eczema is a term for several different types of skin swelling. Eczema is also called dermatitis. Most types cause dry, itchy skin and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt; on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and on the hands and feet. Scratching the skin can cause it to turn red, and to swell and itch even more.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eczema is not contagious. The cause of eczema is unknown. It is likely caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Eczema may get better or worse over time, but it is often a long-lasting disease. People who have it may also develop hay fever and asthma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis. It is most common in babies and children, but adults can have it too. As children who have atopic dermatitis grow older, this problem may get better or go away. But sometimes the skin may stay dry and get irritated easily.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Treatments may include medicines, skin creams, light therapy, and good skin care. You can prevent some types of eczema by avoiding:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Things that irritate your skin, such as certain soaps, fabrics, and lotions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;Stress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Things you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergic&lt;/a&gt; to, such as food, pollen, and animals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html" id="1878" language="Spanish">Eccema</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004485">Eczema</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eczema.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eczema.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eczema.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eczema.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html" id="208">Rashes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Atopic Dermatitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dermatitis</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atopic Dermatitis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/dermatitis-atopica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atopic dermatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000853.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atopic dermatitis - children - homecare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000939.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atopic dermatitis - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000418.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atopic dermatitis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/atopic-dermatitis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dermatitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dermatitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dermatitis, Atopic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dermatitis,+Atopic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eczema" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eczema%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dyshidrosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyshidrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352342?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eczema.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eczema.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Eczema.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/eczema.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) in Adults" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/atopic-dermatitis-eczema?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) in Children" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/atopic-dermatitis-eczema?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) in Infants" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/atopic-dermatitis-eczema?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Treatment" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/eczema-treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eczema and Atopic Dermatitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/eczema-and-atopic-dermatitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/eccema-y-dermatitis-atopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eczema and the Cold" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/eczema-and-the-cold" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-eczema-y-el-frio">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erythroderma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001610.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Allergist/Immunologist" url="https://allergist.aaaai.org/find/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keratosis pilaris" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001462.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nummular Dermatitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/nummular-dermatitis?query=Nummular%20Dermatitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nummular Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/nummular-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nummular eczema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000870.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pompholyx eczema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000832.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein Linked to Atopic Dermatitis" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-linked-atopic-dermatitis">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eczema" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eczema%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rash Decisions: How to Deal With Itchy, Red Skin" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/01/rash-decisions" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/decisiones-sobre-las-erupciones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic dermatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000963.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic Dermatitis Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Allergy Quiz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy/skin-allergy-quiz">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Edema is swelling caused by fluid in your tissues. It can be anywhere in the body, but is often in the feet and legs. Learn the causes and treatments." title="Edema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html" id="1229" language="English" date-created="01/28/2002">
<also-called>Dropsy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Edema means swelling caused by fluid in your body's tissues. It usually occurs in the feet, ankles and legs, but it can involve your entire body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of edema include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eating too much salt&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sunburn&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Liver problems from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problems with  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html"&gt;lymph nodes&lt;/a&gt;, especially after &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Some medicines&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Standing or walking a lot when the weather is warm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To keep swelling down, your health care provider may recommend keeping your legs raised when sitting, wearing support stockings, limiting how much salt you eat, or taking a medicine called a diuretic - also called a water pill. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html" id="1879" language="Spanish">Edema</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004487">Edema</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="591">Lymphatic Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dropsy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Swelling</see-reference>
<site title="Abdomen - swollen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003122.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal tap" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000846.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="C1 esterase inhibitor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003353.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Edema" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Edema%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diuretics" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/diuretics/ART-20048129?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/diuretics/art-20048129?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/edema/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/edema-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20366493?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20366493?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003105.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Swelling during Air Travel: A Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot, leg, and ankle swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003104.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Swelling during Exercise: A Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/hand-swelling/faq-20058255?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/hand-swelling/faq-20058255?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives and Angioedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrops fetalis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007308.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg Swelling" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/SYM-20050910?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/sym-20050910?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Edema" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Edema%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary edema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000140.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Edema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003103.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Ankle Swelling during Pregnancy -- and What Can I Do about It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/swelling-during-pregnancy/faq-20058467?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/swelling-during-pregnancy/faq-20058467?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Macular Edema?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-macular-edema" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/edema-macular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Body Parts Swell: Taking a Closer Look at Edema" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/when-body-parts-swell" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-las-partes-del-cuerpo-se-hinchan">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Edema es la hinchazón causada por acumulación de líquido en los tejidos. Suele ocurrir en los pies y en las piernas, pero puede afectar todo el cuerpo." title="Edema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html" id="1879" language="Spanish" date-created="10/26/2003">
<also-called>Hinchazón</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Edema significa hinchazón causada por la acumulación de líquido en los tejidos del cuerpo. Suele ocurrir en los pies, los tobillos y las piernas, pero puede afectar todo el cuerpo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de edema incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Consumir demasiada sal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quemaduras de sol  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de los riñones&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas hepáticos por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Embarazo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;ganglios linfáticos&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente después de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomía&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunas medicinas  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Permanecer mucho tiempo de pie o sentado cuando hace calor  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para disminuir el edema, el médico puede recomendarle mantener sus piernas elevadas cuando se siente, usar medias elásticas, limitar el consumo de sal o tomar medicamentos llamados diuréticos.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html" id="1229" language="English">Edema</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="2016">Enfermedades del sistema linfático</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hinchazón</see-reference>
<site title="Abdomen hinchado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003122.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando las partes del cuerpo se hinchan" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-las-partes-del-cuerpo-se-hinchan" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/when-body-parts-swell">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diuréticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diureticos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20366493?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20366493?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/edema-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/edema/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000140.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema pulmonar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366532?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidropesía fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007308.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003103.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de las manos durante el ejercicio: ¿Debería preocuparme?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/hand-swelling/faq-20058255?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/hand-swelling/faq-20058255?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de los pies durante viajes en avión: ¿Debería preocuparme?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de pierna" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/sym-20050910?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/SYM-20050910?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de tobillos, pies y piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003105.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidor de C1 esterasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003353.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria y angioedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la causa de la hinchazón en los tobillos durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/swelling-during-pregnancy/faq-20058467?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/swelling-during-pregnancy/faq-20058467?p=1">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un edema macular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/edema-macular" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-macular-edema">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) usually have very flexible joints and stretchy skin because of weakened connective tissue. Find out more." title="Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html" id="1594" language="English" date-created="01/28/2002">
<also-called>Cutis elastica</also-called>
<also-called>EDS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited disorders that weaken 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;connective tissues&lt;/a&gt;. Connective tissues are proteins that support skin, bones, blood vessels, and other organs. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;EDS usually affects your skin, joints and blood vessel walls. Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Loose joints &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fragile, small blood vessels &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Abnormal scar formation and wound healing &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Soft, velvety, stretchy skin that bruises easily &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several types of EDS. They can range from mild to life-threatening. About 1 in 5,000 people has EDS. There is no cure. Treatment involves managing symptoms, often with medicines and physical therapy. It also includes learning how to protect your joints and prevent injuries.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html" id="1880" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004535">Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hypermobility Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ehlers-Danlos+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20362125?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ehlers-Danlos syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001468.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/EDS-Hypermobility-Type.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Genetic Counselor" url="https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Society of Genetic Counselors</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ehlers-Danlos+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Al igual que los adultos, los niños necesitan hacer ejercicio. Infórmese sobre cuánto ejercicio y por qué necesitan actividad física los niños aquí." title="Ejercicio para niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3013" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Al igual que los adultos, los niños necesitan hacer ejercicio. La mayoría de los niños &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;necesita por lo menos una hora de actividad física&lt;/a&gt; todos los días. El ejercicio habitual &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;ofrece muchos beneficios&lt;/a&gt; para los niños. Puede ayudar a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sentirse menos estresados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sentirse mejor con ellos mismos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estar más preparados para aprender en la escuela &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mantener un peso saludable &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Desarrollar y mantener huesos, músculos y articulaciones sanos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dormir mejor por las noches &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A medida que los niños pasan más tiempo viendo la televisión, le dedican menos tiempo a correr y jugar. Los padres de familia deben limitarles el tiempo frente a la televisión, los videojuegos y la computadora. Los padres de familia deben poner un buen ejemplo siendo activos también. Ejercitarse juntos puede ser divertido para todos. Los deportes de competencia pueden ayudar a que los niños tengan una buena condición física. Caminar o ir en bicicleta a la escuela, bailar, jugar a los bolos y practicar yoga son otras formas de ejercicio para los niños.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3012" language="English">Exercise for Children</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="1892">Ejercicio y estado físico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html" id="2168">Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Ejercicio para</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Ejercicio para</see-reference>
<site title="Actividad física para los niños a los que no les gustan los deportes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hate-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hate-sports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actividad física y su hijo de 13 a 18 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fitness-13-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fitness-13-18.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actividad física y su hijo de 6 a 12 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fitness-6-12.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fitness-6-12.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a los niños: Recomendaciones para los padres y otros cuidadores" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/ayudar-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/helping-your-child-tips-for-parents">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio físico compulsivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/compulsive-exercise.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio físico compulsivo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/compulsive-exercise.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios fáciles para adolescentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/easy-exercises.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/easy-exercises.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento con pesas: Riesgo de lesiones" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/fitness/Paginas/Weight-Training-Risk-of-Injury.aspx">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga a su hijo activo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/mantener-a-su-hijo-activo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/exercise-fitness/exercise-basics/keeping-your-child-active.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Motivar a los niños en edad escolar para que sean activos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/schoolage-active.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/active-kids.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el ejercicio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/exercise.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Once maneras para motivar a su hijo a que se mantenga físicamente activo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/fitness/paginas/encouraging-your-child-to-be-physically-active.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preescolar: Nutrición y estado físico" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/preschool/nutrition-fitness/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en los deportes y el ejercicio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sport-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sport-safety.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué es tan bueno el ejercicio físico?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/exercise-wise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/exercise-wise.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué es tan bueno el ejercicio físico?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/work-it-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/work-it-out.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Y si no te gusta hacer deporte?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/no-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/no-sports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El ejercicio es importante para los adultos mayores. A medida que envejecemos, el ejercicio nos ayuda a reducir riesgos de cardiopatías, diabetes y caídas." title="Ejercicio para personas mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1891" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ejercicio y la actividad física benefician a casi todas las personas, incluidos los adultos mayores. Hay cuatro tipos principales y cada uno es diferente. Practicar todos ellos le entregará más &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;beneficios&lt;/a&gt;.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las actividades de resistencia, o aeróbicas, aumentan la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Algunos ejemplos son las caminatas o correr, bailar, nadar y andar en bicicleta &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Los ejercicios de fuerza fortalecen los músculos. Levantar pesas o usar bandas elásticas puede fortalecerle &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Los ejercicios de equilibrio ayudan a prevenir caídas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los ejercicios de flexibilidad estiran los músculos y pueden ayudar a que su cuerpo permanezca relajado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted no ha estado activo, puede comenzar lentamente y trabajar hasta su meta. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;cantidad de ejercicio&lt;/a&gt; que necesita depende de su edad y salud. Consulte a su médico sobre lo que es mejor para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1530" language="English">Exercise for Older Adults</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="1892">Ejercicio y estado físico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html" id="2168">Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142">Salud de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<see-reference>Condición física</see-reference>
<see-reference>Personas mayores, Ejercicio para</see-reference>
<site title="Algunas maneras divertidas para que los adultos mayores se mantengan físicamente activos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/algunas-maneras-divertidas-adultos-mayores-se-mantengan-fisicamente-activos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/fun-ways-older-adults-stay-physically-active">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios del ejercicio y la actividad física" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/beneficios-ejercicio-actividad-fisica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los signos vitales con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004019.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para personas mayores cuando hacen ejercicio al aire libre" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuatro sugerencias de actividad física para adultos mayores" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuatro-sugerencias-de-actividad-fisica-para-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-physical-activity-tips-for-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuatro tipos de ejercicio que pueden mejorar su salud y capacidad física" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/cuatro-tipos-ejercicio-pueden-mejorar-su-salud-capacidad-fisica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/four-types-exercise-can-improve-your-health-and-physical">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo escoger la ropa y los zapatos deportivos adecuados" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/como-escoger-ropa-zapatos-deportivos-adecuados" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/finding-right-fitness-shoes-and-clothes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse motivado para hacer ejercicio: Consejos para las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/como-mantenerse-motivado-hacer-ejercicio-consejos-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/staying-motivated-exercise-tips-older-adults">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo pueden las personas mayores comenzar a hacer ejercicio" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/como-pueden-personas-mayores-comenzar-hacer-ejercicio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/how-older-adults-can-get-started-exercise">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio ayuda a aliviar el dolor y la rigidez de la artritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/art-20047971?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/ART-20047971?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio y edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002080.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer ejercicio con enfermedades crónicas" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/hacer-ejercicio-enfermedades-cronicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/exercising-chronic-conditions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hacer ejercicio con osteoporosis: Mantenerse activo de manera segura" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis/art-20044989?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis/ART-20044989?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herramientas de seguimiento para ejercicios y actividades físicas" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/herramientas-seguimiento-ejercicios-actividades-fisicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/exercise-and-physical-activity-worksheets">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="La actividad física es para todos, no sólo para atletas" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-actividad-fisica-es-para-todos-no-solo-para-atletas" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/physical-activity-isnt-just-for-athletes-its-for-everyone">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manténgase activo a medida que envejece" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/nunca-se-es-demasiado-viejo" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/you-re-never-too-old">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muchos tipos de ejercicio pueden alargar la vida de los adultos mayores" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/muchos-tipos-de-ejercicio-pueden-alargar-la-vida-de-los" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/11/many-types-exercise-can-lengthen-older-adults-lives">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muévete a tu manera" url="https://health.gov/espanol/moveyourway">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para los adultos mayores" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La actividad y acondicionamiento físico regular es una de las cosas más importante que usted puede hacer por su salud. Hacer del ejercicio un hábito." title="Ejercicio y estado físico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="1892" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Mantenerse en forma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ejercicio regular es una de las mejores cosas que puede hacer por su salud. Tiene muchos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;beneficios&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo mejorar su salud general y aptitud física, y bajar su riesgo de muchas enfermedades crónicas. Hay muchos tipos diferentes de ejercicio. Es importante que elija los tipos adecuados para usted. La mayoría de las personas se benefician de una combinación de ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Actividades aeróbicas:&lt;/b&gt; Aumentan la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Mantienen el corazón, los pulmones y el sistema circulatorio sanos y mejoran su condición física general. Ejemplos incluyen caminar a paso ligero, trotar, nadar y andar en bicicleta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Actividad de fuerza:&lt;/b&gt; Estos ejercicios fortalecen sus músculos. Algunos ejemplos son el levantamiento de pesas y el uso de banda elásticas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ejercicios de equilibrio:&lt;/b&gt; Estos pueden hacer más fácil caminar sobre superficies irregulares y ayudar a prevenir caídas. Para mejorar su equilibrio, pruebe el tai chi o ejercicios como estar de pie en una pierna&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ejercicios de flexibilidad:&lt;/b&gt; Estiran los músculos y pueden ayudar a que su cuerpo permanezca relajado. El yoga y hacer estiramientos puede hacer que sea más flexible&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Incluir el ejercicio regular a su día a día puede parecer difícil al principio. Pero usted puede comenzar lentamente y dividir su tiempo de ejercicio en bloques. Incluso hacer 10 minutos a la vez está bien. Usted puede avanzar de a poco hasta hacer la cantidad de ejercicio recomendada. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;cantidad de ejercicio que necesita&lt;/a&gt; depende de su edad y salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otras cosas que usted puede hacer para sacar el máximo provecho de sus entrenamientos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Elegir actividades que trabajan todas las partes del cuerpo, incluyendo sus músculos centrales (músculos alrededor de su tronco y pelvis). La fortaleza de sus músculos centrales mejora el equilibrio y la estabilidad y ayuda a prevenir lesiones en la parte baja de la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Elegir las actividades que disfruta. Es más fácil que el ejercicio sea una parte regular de su vida si se divierte haciéndolo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ejercitarse con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html"&gt;seguridad&lt;/a&gt; y con el equipo apropiado para prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones&lt;/a&gt;. Además, ponga atención a su cuerpo y no exagere&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Póngase metas. Las metas deben desafiarle, pero también ser realistas. También es útil recompensarse cuando las alcance. Las recompensas podrían ser algo grande, como nuevo equipo de entrenamiento, o algo más pequeño, como entradas al cine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490" language="English">Exercise and Physical Fitness</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3013">Ejercicio para niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1891">Ejercicio para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html" id="2168">Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Condición física</see-reference>
<site title="Actividad física" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001941.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actividad física (ejercicio)" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/getting-active" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/getting-active">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actividad física y el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon/actividad-fisica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart/physical-activity">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Algunas maneras divertidas para que los adultos mayores se mantengan físicamente activos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/algunas-maneras-divertidas-adultos-mayores-se-mantengan-fisicamente-activos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/fun-ways-older-adults-stay-physically-active">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aprenda a amar el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000764.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baile hasta llegar a la buena salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000809.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cassey Ho se mantiene en forma mientras se ama a sí misma" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cassey-ho-se-mantiene-en-forma-mientras-se-ama" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cassey-ho-is-staying-fit-while-loving-herself">
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos para estar en forma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/basics/fitness-basics/hlv-20049447?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/basics/fitness-basics/hlv-20049447?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuatro sugerencias de actividad física para adultos mayores" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuatro-sugerencias-de-actividad-fisica-para-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-physical-activity-tips-for-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre realidad y ficción del estado físico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001941_100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001941_45.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar el sobrecalentamiento al hacer ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar lesiones relacionadas con el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo trabajar con un entrenador personal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000875.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza por ejercicio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio aeróbico: Cómo precalentar y enfriar el cuerpo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20045517?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20045517?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio al alcance del bolsillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000762.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio e inmunidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007165.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio, el estilo de vida y los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios para adelgazar: Calorías quemadas en 1 hora" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/exercise/art-20050999?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/exercise/art-20050999?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios para ayudar a prevenir caídas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios que trabajan la zona media" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/core-exercises/art-20044751?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/core-exercises/art-20044751?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercite su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento con pesas: Lo que se debe hacer y lo que no se debe hacer para lograr una técnica adecuada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento con pesas: Riesgo de lesiones" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/fitness/Paginas/Weight-Training-Risk-of-Injury.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epinefrina y ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000051.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estiramiento: Céntrate en la flexibilidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ex estrella de la NFL DeMarcus Ware en la mejor forma de su vida" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ex-estrella-de-la-nfl-demarcus-ware-en-la-mejor-forma-de-su-vida" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/retired-nfl-star-demarcus-ware-is-in-the-best-shape-of-his-life">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Haga actividad física" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/living-with/haga-actividad-fisica.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga ejercicio para tener huesos sanos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/haga-ejercicio-para-tener-huesos-sanos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/exercise-your-bone-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Importancia del estiramiento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/la-importancia-del-estiramiento/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/the-importance-of-stretching/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intensidad del ejercicio: Cómo medirla" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise-intensity/art-20046887?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise-intensity/art-20046887?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo físicamente en comunidad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenerse-activos-fisicamente-en-comunidad" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/05/get-active-together">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sus músculos: Entrenamiento de fuerza a cualquier edad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-sus-musculos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/maintain-your-muscle">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medidas de seguridad para el entrenamiento con pesas y el levantamiento de pesas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-weight-training-and-weight-lifting-safety/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/sports/198.printerview.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muévete a tu manera" url="https://health.gov/espanol/moveyourway">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oportunidades para moverse abundan" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-oportunidades-para-moverse-abundan">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Relato personal: Sara Santiago" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/relato-personal-sara-santiago" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/personal-story-sara-santiago">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ropa y calzado para hacer ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000817.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rutina de ejercicios al aire libre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000891.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000891.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rutina de ejercicios en interiores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000890.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Saque tiempo para moverse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000765.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos dietéticos para mejorar el ejercicio y el rendimiento físico" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-Consumer/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yoga para la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Muévase! Manténgase activo por su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/muevase" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/07/step-it-up">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Siga así! Cómo mantener su rutina de ejercicios" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/siga-asi-como-mantener-su-rutina-de-ejercicios" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/keep-it-going-how-to-stick-with-a-fitness-routine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuán en forma estás? Averigua tu estado físico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Ejercicios personalizados? Cómo influye la biología en la aptitud física" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ejercicios-personalizados" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/07/personalized-exercise">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Está haciendo demasiado ejercicio?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pueden las bacterias intestinales motivarlo a hacer ejercicio?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/pueden-las-bacterias-intestinales-motivarlo-a-hacer-ejercicio" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/can-bacteria-in-your-gut-make-you-want-to-exercise">
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many things can make your elbow hurt. Common problems are tendinitis, bursitis, and arthritis. Read more about elbow injuries and elbow disorders." title="Elbow Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506" language="English" date-created="07/19/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your elbow joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the elbow joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have elbow problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Many things can make your elbow hurt. A common cause is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;, an inflammation or injury to the tendons that attach muscle to bone. Tendinitis of the elbow is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injury&lt;/a&gt;, often from playing tennis or golf. You may also get tendinitis from overuse of the elbow.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Other causes of elbow pain include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocations&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html"&gt;bursitis&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt;. Treatment depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000092464">Elbow Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013716">Tennis Elbow</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657">Wrist Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cubital Tunnel Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tennis Elbow</see-reference>
<site title="Arm MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cubital Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cubital+Tunnel+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Elbow Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Elbow%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Elbow Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Elbow+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tennis Elbow" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tennis+Elbow%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elbow (Olecranon) Bursitis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/elbow-olecranon-bursitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow (Olecranon) Fractures" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/elbow-fractures-in-children">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/elbow-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050874?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/elbow-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050874?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003172.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007258.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow replacement - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000195.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000195.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow sprain -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Golfer's Elbow" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/golfers-elbow/symptoms-causes/syc-20372868?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand/Wrist/Arm Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint and Soft Tissue Injections" url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007638.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nursemaid's elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000983.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondritis Dissecans" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteochondritis-dissecans/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteocondritis-disecante-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondritis Dissecans (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elbow Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Elbow+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Tennis+Elbow%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repetitive Motion Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/repetitive-motion-disorders">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tennis elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000449.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis Elbow" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tennis-elbow/symptoms-causes/syc-20351987?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/tennis-elbow-lateral-epicondylitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis elbow surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007590.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis elbow surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000657.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow-cubital-tunnel-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/atrapamiento-del-nervio-cubital-en-el-codo-sindrome-del-tunel-cubital-ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Elbow" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-exam-elbow.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Seniors are vulnerable to physical or emotional abuse. Elder abuse can happen at home or in assisted living facilities or nursing homes. " title="Elder Abuse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/elderabuse.html" id="529" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many older people are victims of elder abuse. It is the mistreatment of an older person, usually by a caregiver. It can happen within the family.  It can also happen in assisted living facilities or nursing homes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The mistreatment may be:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neglect or abandonment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Financial abuse - stealing of money or belongings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Possible signs of elder abuse include unexplained bruises, burns, and injuries. There may also be bed sores and poor hygiene. The person may become withdrawn, agitated, and depressed. There may be a sudden change in the person's financial situation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elder abuse will not stop on its own. Someone else needs to step in and help. If you think that an older person is in urgent danger, call 911. Otherwise, contact adult protective services.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elderabuse.html" id="1882" language="Spanish">Abuso de las personas mayores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004552">Elder Abuse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elderabuse.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="514">Intimate Partner Violence</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Violence</see-reference>
<site title="Brain Scans Offer Insights into Loss of Money Skills" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/brain-scans-offer-insights-loss-money-skills">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Elder Abuse" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Elder+Abuse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elder Abuse" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/elder-abuse" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/abuso/maltrato-abuso-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elder Abuse FAQS" url="https://www.justice.gov/elderjustice">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Justice</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elder Abuse: How to Spot Warning Signs, Get Help, and Report Mistreatment" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program in Your State" url="https://theconsumervoice.org/get_help">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Elder Abuse and Neglect in Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-preventing-elder-abuse-and-neglect-older-adults">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elder Abuse" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Elder+Abuse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+aged+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Todos queremos recibir atención de salud que sea de alta calidad. Infórmese sobre qué considerar a la hora de elegir un doctor o seguro de salud aquí." title="Elección de un doctor o plan médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html" id="1820" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Elección de un médico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos queremos recibir un servicio para el cuidado de la salud que sea de alta calidad, pero es difícil saber cómo elegir el plan de atención médica. Existen muchas cosas en las que deberá pensar, entre ellas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La cobertura del seguro &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si el profesional y el plan de atención médica están acreditados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La ubicación del servicio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El horario en el que el servicio se encuentra disponible &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si le agrada la personalidad del profesional de la atención médica &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En esta página, encontrará información que lo ayudará a elegir un profesional o un plan de atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html" id="1433" language="English">Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfacilities.html" id="1934">Centros de salud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html" id="2082">Seguridad del paciente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Doctor, Elección</see-reference>
<see-reference>Médico, Elección</see-reference>
<site title="Applicación QuestionBuilder en español" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buscar un asilo de ancianos" url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Búsqueda de servicios médicos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/manejo-del-cancer/servicios?redirect=true" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/finding-cancer-care">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos a la hora de hablar: Seis aspectos que debe conocer al elegir un profesional de medicina complementaria" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-escoger-programa-para-adelgazar-seguro-exitoso" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/choosing-a-safe-successful-weight-loss-program">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un médico de cabecera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-elegir-un-medico-de-familia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/choosing-a-family-doctor/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un pediatra" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/health-management/Paginas/How-To-Choose-A-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar cuidados dentales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/como-encontrar-cuidados-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/FindingDentalCare/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elección del médico de cabecera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001939.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir un médico y un hospital para su tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000928.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un hospital" url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=Hospital" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escoger el profesional médico apropiado para el embarazo y el parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proveedores de atención de la salud mental: consejos para encontrar uno" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Electrical injuries are caused by contact with electricity. They include burns and damage to organs, bones, muscles, and nerves. Read about first aid." title="Electrical Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html" id="6280" language="English" date-created="07/06/2016">
<also-called>Electric shock</also-called>
<also-called>Electrical burn</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you come in direct contact with electricity, it can pass through your body and cause injuries. These electrical injuries can be external or internal. You may have one or both types. External injuries are skin &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;burns&lt;/a&gt;. Internal injuries include damage to your organs, bones, muscles, and nerves. You could also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;abnormal heart rhythms&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt; (SCA).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;How bad your injuries are depends on how strong the electric current was, what type of current it was, how it moved through your body, and how long you were exposed. Other factors include how healthy you are, and how quickly you get treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Causes of electrical injuries include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lightning strikes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Faulty electrical appliances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work-related exposures&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contact with household wiring or power lines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Accidents in small children, when they bite or suck on electrical cords, or stick objects in outlets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you get an electrical injury, you should see a doctor. You may have internal damage and not realize it.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electricalinjuries.html" id="6281" language="Spanish">Lesiones por electricidad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002058">Burns, Electric</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004556">Electric Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electricalinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Lightning Strikes</see-reference>
<site title="Electric Shock Injuries in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Electric-Shock.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/electric-shock.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrical Burns: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/ART-20056687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrical injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000053.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrical Shock: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-shock/basics/art-20056695?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-shock/basics/art-20056695?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Electrical Safety Checklist" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/513.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lightning and Your Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lightning/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/lightning/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lightning Injuries" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries/lightning-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/lesiones-causadas-por-electricidad-y-rayos/lesiones-por-rayos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lightning Safety Tips and Resources" url="https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Weather Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrical Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Burns%2C+Electric%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Electric+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What to Do to Protect Yourself from Electrical Hazards" url="https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/response/what-to-do-protect-yourself-from-electrical-hazards.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/electrical.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many sources of electromagnetic fields.  Some people worry about EM exposure and cancer, but research is inconclusive. Learn more." title="Electromagnetic Fields" url="https://medlineplus.gov/electromagneticfields.html" id="899" language="English" date-created="10/20/1999">
<also-called>EMFs</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Electric and magnetic fields (EMFs), also called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt;, are areas of energy that surround electrical devices. Everyday sources of EMFs include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Power lines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Electrical wiring&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Microwave ovens&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Computers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cell phones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people worry about EMF exposure and cancer. Some studies have found a link between EMF exposure and a higher risk of childhood leukemia, but other studies have not. Other studies have not found proof that EMF exposure causes other childhood cancers. Studies in adults did not prove that EMF exposure causes cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people worry that cell (wireless) phones cause cancer or other health problems. The phones do give off radiofrequency energy (RF), a form of electromagnetic radiation.  So far, scientific evidence has not found a link between cell phone use and health problems in humans. However, scientists need to do more research on this before they can say for sure. If you are worried about avoiding any possible risks, you can limit your exposure by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducing the amount of time you spend using your cell phone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use speaker mode or a headset to place more distance between your head and the cell phone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electromagneticfields.html" id="1883" language="Spanish">Campos electromagnéticos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004574">Electromagnetic Fields</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electromagneticfields.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Cell Phones</see-reference>
<see-reference>EMF</see-reference>
<site title="Cell Phone Towers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/radiation-exposure/cellular-phone-towers.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cell Phones" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/home-business-and-entertainment-products/cell-phones">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cell phones and cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cell Phones and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-telefonos-celulares">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Electromagnetic Fields" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Electromagnetic+Fields%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Do Cell Phones Pose a Health Hazard?" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/cell-phones/do-cell-phones-pose-health-hazard">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electric and Magnetic Fields" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/emf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromagnetic Fields and Public Health: Mobile Phones" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/electromagnetic-fields-and-public-health-mobile-phones" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/electromagnetic-fields-and-public-health-mobile-phones">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts About Cell Phones and Your Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/cell-phones.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="International EMF Project" url="https://www.who.int/initiatives/the-international-emf-project">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microwave Ovens" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/resources-you-radiation-emitting-products/microwave-ovens">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromagnetic Fields" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Electromagnetic+Fields%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scientific Evidence for Cell Phone Safety" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/cell-phones/scientific-evidence-cell-phone-safety">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Electric and Magnetic Fields? (EMF)" url="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/pollution/emf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Durante el embarazo, usted tendrá muchas preguntas. Aprenda qué síntomas y cambios corporales son normales, así como la forma de mantener sano a usted y su bebé." title="Embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;¡Así que va a tener un bebé! Puede ser un bello momento, pero también un poco intimidante. Puede que tenga muchas preguntas, incluyendo cómo brindarle a su bebé un comienzo saludable a su vida. Para mantenerse usted y su bebé sanos, es importante que usted:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Visite periódicamente a su proveedor de salud&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas visitas para su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;cuidado prenatal&lt;/a&gt; ayudan a que usted y su bebé estén sanos. Si hay algún problema, su proveedor puede encontrarlos en forma rápida. Obtener tratamiento de inmediato puede curar muchos problemas, y prevenir otros&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coma sano y tome suficiente agua&lt;/strong&gt;: Una buena &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;nutrición durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; incluye consumir bastantes:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frutas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vegetales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Granos integrales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carnes magras y otras proteínas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Productos lácteos bajos en grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tome vitaminas prenatales&lt;/strong&gt;: Durante el embarazo se necesitan cantidades más altas de ciertas vitaminas y minerales, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html"&gt;hierro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tenga cuidado con las medicinas&lt;/strong&gt;: Siempre consulte con su proveedor de salud antes de empezar o parar algún &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicamento&lt;/a&gt;. Esto incluye medicinas de venta libre o suplementos dietéticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haga ejercicio&lt;/strong&gt;: La actividad física le ayudará a mantenerse en forma, sentirse y dormir bien. Hable con su proveedor de salud sobre qué tipo de actividad física es la correcta para usted&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evite &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html"&gt;sustancias que pueden dañar a su bebé&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;alcohol, drogas o el tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su cuerpo cambiará a medida que su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;bebé crece&lt;/a&gt;. Puede ser difícil saber cuándo un nuevo síntoma es algo normal o puede ser señal de algún &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;problema&lt;/a&gt;. Hable con su médico si usted cree que existe un problema o algo le molesta o le preocupa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368" language="English">Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html" id="1773">Control de la natalidad y contracepción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1852">Diabetes y el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html" id="2189">Embarazo de adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html" id="5812">Embarazo ectópico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104">Embarazo y consumo de sustancias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3155">Infecciones durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579">Medicinas durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html" id="5985">Nutrición durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html" id="1995">Parto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="2102">Presión arterial alta en el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html" id="5894">Problemas durante el parto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" id="3092">Pruebas prenatales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html" id="2105">Pérdida del embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html" id="2124">Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6058">Salud y desarrollo fetal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5535">Tumores durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728">VIH y el embarazo</related-topic>
<site title="Afecciones comunes en la piel durante el embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/afecciones-comunes-de-la-piel-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antecedentes de reproducción y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-antecedentes-reproduccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/reproductive-history-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de peso durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-aumento-de-peso-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/weight-gain-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autobronceadores sin sol durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculadora de ovulación" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/calculadora-de-ovulacion.aspx">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calendario del embarazo semana a semana" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pregnancy-calendar-intro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pregnancy-calendar-intro.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el cabello y la piel durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clases de parto" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/clases-de-parto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/birthing-classes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consume suficiente ácido fólico" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/temas/embarazo/nutricion-y-actividad-fisica/toma-suficiente-acido-folico">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la natalidad y contracepción: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades de las náuseas del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000604_84.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000604_24.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidar de usted y de su bebé mientras está embarazada" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-cuidar-de-usted-y-de-su-bebe-mientras-esta-embarazada/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/taking-care-of-you-and-your-baby-while-youre-pregnant/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse sana durante el embarazo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mantenerse-sana-durante-el-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-stay-healthy-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="División celular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000025.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000025.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda durante el embarazo: 7 consejos para aliviarlo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores y molestias durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000580.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio físico de alto impacto durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/high-impact-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/high-impact-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo de adolescentes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenagepregnancy.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo después de los 35 años de edad" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-embarazo-despues-de-los-35-anos-de-edad.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo después de los 35 años: Mamás saludables, bebés saludables" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y el trabajo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y los viajes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo, lactancia y salud de los huesos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/embarazo-lactancia-y-salud-de-los-huesos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-bone-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo: Cambios corporales y malestares" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/body-changes-and-discomforts" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/body-changes-and-discomforts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Escoger el profesional médico apropiado para el embarazo y el parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-estres/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del embarazo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="GCH cualitativa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003619.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infografía: Mitos sobre el embarazo: Entérese de los hechos" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/newsroom/digital-media/infographics/MitosEmbarazo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Líquido amniótico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002220.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Líquido amniótico" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-liquido-amniotico.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/amniotic-fluid.aspx">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse saludable y protegida" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/staying-healthy-and-safe" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/staying-healthy-and-safe">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse sana durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/preg-health.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preg-health.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas por estiramiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003287.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y otros animales durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/las-mascotas-y-otros-animales-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000836.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moho y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-moho/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/Mold.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monóxido de carbono y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/monoxido-de-carbono/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición durante el embarazo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000604.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003119.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas matutinas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/nauseas-matutinas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/pregnancy/basics/154.printerview.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placenta: Cómo funciona, qué es lo normal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/placenta/art-20044425?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/placenta/art-20044425?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plomo y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-plomo/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud durante el embarazo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para dormir durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000559.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003432.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de GCH cualitativa en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003509.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de embarazo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer cuando su embarazo es no planificado" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-hacer-cuando-su-embarazo-es-inesperado/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-to-do-when-your-pregnancy-is-unexpected/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para las mujeres embarazadas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/mujeres-embarazadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-pregnant-women">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Repelentes de insectos (y el embarazo)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/repelente-de-insectos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de la RM durante el embarazo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-mri-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-mri-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexo durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-sexo-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleeping-during-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas comunes durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000583.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tener hijos más tarde en la vida: Embarazos saludables a medida que envejece" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tener-hijos-mas-tarde-en-la-vida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/having-kids-later-life">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usar blanqueadores dentales durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usar tintes para el cabello durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y otros nutrientes durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vitaminas-y-otros-nutrientes-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/vitamins-and-other-nutrients-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos signos comunes del embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion/signos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/signs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué puedo hacer con los dolores de cabeza durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Sabes cuáles son los primeros síntomas del embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico y el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/folic-acid.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preg-folic-acid.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mayoría de los embarazos en la adolescencia no son deseados y presentan riesgos adicionales de salud. Aprenda sobre éstos y cómo ayudar a evitarlos. " title="Embarazo de adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html" id="2189" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las adolescentes no planea &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazarse&lt;/a&gt;, pero muchas lo hacen. Los embarazos en la adolescencia tienen riesgos adicionales de salud tanto para la madre como para el bebé. Con frecuencia, las adolescentes no reciben cuidados prenatales a tiempo, lo que puede provocar problemas posteriores. Tienen mayor riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;hipertensión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y sus complicaciones. Los riesgos para el bebé incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;partos prematuros&lt;/a&gt; y niños con poco peso al nacer. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si eres adolescente y estás embarazada, puedes ayudarte y ayudar a tu bebé si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtienes cuidado durante el embarazo en forma regular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;    Tomas las vitaminas prenatales para tu salud y para prevenir algunos defectos congénitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitas el  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;cigarrillo, el alcohol y las drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usas un condón, en caso de que continúes teniendo relaciones sexuales, para prevenir infecciones de transmisión sexual que podrían dañar a tu bebé. Si eres o tu pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puedes usar condones de poliuretano &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenagepregnancy.html" id="431" language="English">Teenage Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html" id="1773">Control de la natalidad y contracepción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186">Salud sexual del adolescente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescente, Embarazo del</see-reference>
<site title="Ayudar a los padres adolescentes y a sus hijos a construir un futuro saludable" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/teen-parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Teen-Parents.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la natalidad y contracepción: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando los adolescentes tienen hijos" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Cuando-los-Adolescentes-Tienen-Hijo-31.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/facts_for_families/31_when_children_have_children.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a las adolescentes embarazadas a saber qué opciones tienen" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/teenage-pregnancy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Teenage-Pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo decirles a tus padres que estás embarazada" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tell-parents.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tell-parents.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tener un embarazo saludable" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo en adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000607.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo semana a semana" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/basics/healthy-pregnancy/hlv-20049471?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición durante el embarazo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de embarazo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Si su hija adolescente va a tener un bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/teen-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teen-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Una mujer, ¿puede quedar embarazada la primera vez que mantiene relaciones sexuales?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/first-time.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Sabes cuáles son los primeros síntomas del embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué es un embarazo ectópico? Es un embarazo extrauterino (fuera del útero). Entérese sobre síntomas, causas, factores de riesgo y más." title="Embarazo ectópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html" id="5812" language="Spanish" date-created="07/11/2011">
<also-called>Embarazo abdominal</also-called>
<also-called>Embarazo cervical</also-called>
<also-called>Embarazo tubérico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El útero, o matriz, es el órgano donde el feto crece cuando una mujer esta embarazada. Si usted tiene un embarazo ectópico, el óvulo fertilizado crece en un lugar equivocado, fuera del útero, generalmente en las trompas de Falopio. Esto, suele resultar en un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abortion.html"&gt;aborto espontáneo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un embarazo ectópico puede ser una emergencia médica si se desgarra. Los avisos de un embarazo ectópico incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en los hombros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado vaginal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mareo y vértigo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Busque atención médica de inmediato si se presentan estos indicios. Los doctores usan medicamentos o cirugía para extirpar tejido ectópico y, así, no dañar otros órganos. Muchas mujeres que tienen un embarazo ectópico,  tendrán embarazos saludables más adelante. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html" id="5811" language="English">Ectopic Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html" id="2105">Pérdida del embarazo</related-topic>
<site title="Consuelo para una pérdida" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/consuelo-para-una-perdida.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos blancos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003643.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Culdocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003919.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003778.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003778.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía trasvaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo ectópico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/embarazo-ectopico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo ectópico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ectopic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ectopic.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo ectópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000895.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de GCH cuantitativa en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003510.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de progesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Serie del procedimiento de dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000134.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido obstétrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/obstetricus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/obstetricus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El consumo de drogas puede dañar a su bebé en el embarazo. Entérese el por qué evitar fumar, beber y consumir sustancias ilícitas, y cómo obtener ayuda." title="Embarazo y consumo de sustancias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Abuso de sustancias durante el embarazo</also-called>
<also-called>Consumo de drogas y el embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;, hay muchas cosas que puede hacer para 
mantenerse usted y su bebé saludable. Éstas incluyen recibir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;atención prenatal&lt;/a&gt; regular, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;comer sano&lt;/a&gt; y mantenerse activa. Pero también es muy importante evitar sustancias que puedan ser dañinas para usted y su bebé, como el tabaco, el alcohol y las drogas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Tabaco&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt; durante el embarazo expone a su bebé a la nicotina, 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;monóxido de carbono&lt;/a&gt; y muchas otras sustancias químicas dañinas. La nicotina no solo es un peligro para su salud, sino que también puede dañar el cerebro y los pulmones de su bebé en desarrollo. El monóxido de carbono puede impedir que el feto obtenga suficiente oxígeno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si fuma durante el embarazo, aumenta el riesgo de que su bebé 
nazca &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;demasiado pequeño&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;demasiado temprano&lt;/a&gt; o con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos de nacimiento.&lt;/a&gt; Durante el primer año de vida, existe un mayor riesgo de que su bebé muera por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante&lt;/a&gt; (SMSL). 
Y más adelante en la vida, es más probable que su hijo tenga problemas de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otros productos de tabaco, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html"&gt;cigarrillos electrónicos&lt;/a&gt;, 
también contienen nicotina y no son seguros para usar durante el 
embarazo. Y algunos de los saborizantes que se usan en los cigarrillos 
electrónicos pueden ser dañinos para los bebés en desarrollo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También se recomienda evitar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;, el que 
posee algunos de los mismos riesgos que fumar durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Alcohol&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cantidad conocida de alcohol que sea segura para beber durante el embarazo y mientras intenta quedar embarazada. Todos los tipos de alcohol son igualmente dañinos, incluyendo todas las variedades de vinos y la cerveza. Los riesgos de beber durante el embarazo incluyen problemas con el crecimiento del bebé en desarrollo y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal&lt;/a&gt;. Esta es una afección de por vida que puede causar una combinación de problemas físicos, de comportamiento y del aprendizaje.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Drogas ilegales&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El uso de drogas ilegales durante el embarazo, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html"&gt;cocaína&lt;/a&gt;, 
las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html"&gt;metanfetamina&lt;/a&gt; y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html"&gt;drogas de club&lt;/a&gt;, puede provocar problemas tanto a usted como a su bebé. Pueden causar bebés con bajo peso al 
nacer, defectos de nacimiento o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;aborto espontáneo&lt;/a&gt;. Es más 
probable que su hijo tenga discapacidades del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt; y del 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;. Y si se inyecta drogas, corre el riesgo de contraer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;. El VIH puede &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;transmitirse a su bebé durante el embarazo.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;uso indebido de medicamentos recetados&lt;/a&gt; también puede ser dañino. El uso indebido puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla con mayor frecuencia, usarla para drogarse o tomar los medicamentos de otra persona. Los posibles efectos del uso indebido de un medicamento durante el embarazo dependen del medicamento que esté mal utilizando.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Opioides&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un tipo de sustancia que es motivo de preocupación durante el 
embarazo son los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioides&lt;/a&gt;. Los opioides incluyen fuertes analgésicos recetados como oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. La droga ilegal heroína también es un opioide. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html"&gt;Tomar opioides durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; puede causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé. Los riesgos incluyen defectos de nacimiento, parto prematuro, pérdida del bebé y síndrome de abstinencia neonatal. Este síndrome causa síntomas de abstinencia en los recién nacidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene dolor y su profesional de la salud le sugiere tomar opioides recetados durante el embarazo, primero converse sobre los riesgos y beneficios con el proveedor. Luego, si ambos deciden que necesita tomar los opioides, pueden trabajar juntos para tratar de minimizar los riesgos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Cannabis (marihuana)&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cannabis (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html"&gt;marihuana&lt;/a&gt;) es otra droga que podría ser dañina para 
su bebé. Algunas investigaciones muestran que el consumo de 
cannabis durante el embarazo está relacionado con problemas de 
desarrollo en niños y adolescentes. Aunque se necesita más 
investigación, lo más seguro es dejar de usarlo si está embarazada. 
Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) 
de EE. UU. recomiendan que las personas eviten consumir cannabis 
durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Obtenga ayuda&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está embarazada y consume alguna de estas sustancias, hable 
con su profesional de la salud. Juntos, usted y su proveedor pueden 
encontrar el tratamiento adecuado para ayudarle a dejar las 
sustancias.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está tomando opioides o es adicta a las drogas, no deje de 
tomarlos repentinamente. Esto puede ser peligroso para usted y el 
bebé. En su lugar, hable con su profesional de la salud para obtener 
ayuda para dejar las sustancias de manera segura.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385" language="English">Pregnancy and Substance Use</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901">Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso de bebidas alcohólicas durante el embarazo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alcohol durante el embarazo, Abuso de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drogas, Abuso durante el embarazo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fumar durante el embarazo</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de medicamentos recetados" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/abuso-medicamentos-recetados.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol y embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007454.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol y su embarazo" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/el-alcohol-y-su-embarazo-alcohol-and-your-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bebé de una madre toxicómana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007238.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaína y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-cocaina-y-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cocaína y embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-cocaina/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cocaine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dextroanfetamina" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/dextroanfetamina/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/dextroamphetamine-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogas ilegales y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/las-drogas-ilegales-y-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/street-drugs-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogas recreativas durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drogas, hierbas y suplementos dietéticos" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/drogas-hierbas-y-suplementos-dieteticos.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposiciones paternas y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/exposiciones-paternas/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar, alcohol y las drogas" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-fumar-alcohol-y-las-drogas.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroína y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-heroina-y-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/heroin-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber acerca del uso de cannabis, incluyendo CBD, mientras está embarazada o amamantando a su bebé" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-acerca-del-uso-de-cannabis-incluyendo-cbd-mientras-esta-embarazada-o-amamantando" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-should-know-about-using-cannabis-including-cbd-when-pregnant-or-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marihuana (cannabis) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/marihuana/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/marijuana-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007313.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/informacion-sobre-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usted puede dejar de fumar" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/tearsheets/prenatalsp.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos disponibles para las mujeres embarazadas y sus bebés?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/medicamentos-para-el-tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-opioides/cuales-son-los-tratamientos-disponibles-para-las-mujeres-embarazadas-y" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/what-treatment-available-pregnant-mothers-their-babies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen riesgos para usted y su bebé si toma opioides durante el embarazo. Conozca estos riesgos y los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de opioides durante el embarazo." title="Embarazo y el uso de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7132" language="Spanish" date-created="08/30/2018">
<also-called>Embarazo y el uso de opiáceos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tener que tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;. Pero no todos los medicamentos son seguros. Muchas medicinas pueden ser riesgosas para usted, su bebé o ambos. Los opioides, especialmente su mal uso, pueden causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé mientras está embarazada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos, son un tipo de medicamento. Incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; fuertes recetados como la oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. También es un opioide la heroína, una droga ilegal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud puede recetarle un opioide para el dolor tras sufrir una lesión importante o después de una cirugía. Puede recibirlos si tiene dolor severo debido a enfermedades como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores de atención médica los recetan para el dolor crónico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los opioides recetados para aliviar el dolor son seguros cuando se toman por un tiempo breve y según lo recetado por su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, quienes los toman están riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de opioides&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;sobredosis&lt;/a&gt;. Estos riesgos aumentan cuando hay un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;uso indebido&lt;/a&gt; de los opioides. El uso indebido puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos de tomar opioides durante el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tomar opioides durante el embarazo puede causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé. Los posibles riesgos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal: Los síntomas de abstinencia son irritabilidad, convulsiones, vómitos, diarrea, fiebre y mala alimentación en recién nacidos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;Defectos del tubo neural&lt;/a&gt;: Defectos congénitos del cerebro, la columna vertebral o la médula espinal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;: Problemas con la estructura del corazón del bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gastrosquisis: Defecto congénito del abdomen del bebé en el cual los intestinos salen al exterior del cuerpo por un orificio al lado del ombligo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida del bebé: Ya sea por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;aborto espontáneo&lt;/a&gt; (antes de las 20 semanas de embarazo) o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html"&gt;parto de feto muerto&lt;/a&gt; (después de 20 o más semanas)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Parto prematuro: Parto antes de completar las 37 semanas de embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Retraso del crecimiento que conduce a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;bajo peso al nacer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con la placenta (el órgano que brinda oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su profesional de la salud sugiere que tome opioides durante el embarazo, primero debe tomar en cuenta los riesgos y beneficios. Luego, si ambos deciden que debe tomar opioides, deben trabajar juntos para tratar de minimizar los riesgos. Algunas formas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomarlos por el menor tiempo posible&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar la dosis más baja posible&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Seguir cuidadosamente las instrucciones de su proveedor para tomarlos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decirle a su proveedor si tiene efectos secundarios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ir a todas sus citas de seguimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Si ya tomo opioides y estoy embarazada, ¿qué debo hacer?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si ha estado tomando opioides y queda embarazada, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. Pero no deje de tomarlos por su cuenta. Si deja de tomarlos en forma repentina, usted o su bebé podría tener graves problemas de salud. En algunos casos, parar los medicamentos repentinamente durante el embarazo puede ser más dañino que tomarlos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Puedo amamantar mientras tomo opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si toma regularmente medicamentos opioides, es posible que pueda amamantar. Depende del medicamento que esté tomando. Pero no debe amamantar si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; o consume drogas ilegales. Consulte con su profesional de la salud antes de amamantar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es el tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de opioides en el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está embarazada y tiene trastorno por consumo de opioides, no deje de tomarlos repentinamente. En su lugar, consulte a su profesional de la salud para obtener ayuda. El tratamiento principal para el trastorno se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html"&gt;medicamentos para el trastorno por consumo de opioides&lt;/a&gt;. Para este tratamiento, durante el embarazo los profesionales de la salud recetan buprenorfina o metadona. Estos medicamentos pueden reducir los deseos de consumir droga y ayudar a prevenir la abstinencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La consejería, incluyendo terapias conductuales, también puede ayudar a cambiar actitudes y comportamientos relacionados con el uso de drogas y desarrollar habilidades para una vida saludable.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7131" language="English">Pregnancy and Opioids</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104">Embarazo y consumo de sustancias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579">Medicinas durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6432">Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html" id="7128">Uso seguro de opioides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Opioides y embarazo</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de medicamentos recetados" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/abuso-medicamentos-recetados.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y medicamentos opioides" url="https://www.cdc.gov/opioid-use-during-pregnancy/media/pdfs/pregnancy_opioid_pain_factsheet-esp-a.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/pregnancy_opioid_pain_factsheet-a.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heroína y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-heroina-y-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/heroin-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007313.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos disponibles para las mujeres embarazadas y sus bebés?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/medicamentos-para-el-tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-opioides/cuales-son-los-tratamientos-disponibles-para-las-mujeres-embarazadas-y" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/what-treatment-available-pregnant-mothers-their-babies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="En general, un émbolo pulmonar es causado por un coágulo sanguíneo fuera de los pulmones. Una embolia pulmonar es un bloqueo súbito de una arteria pulmonar." title="Embolia pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="2113" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Embolismo pulmonar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una embolia pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una embolia pulmonar es un bloqueo súbito de una arteria pulmonar. Puede ocurrir después de que un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo&lt;/a&gt; se desprenda y viaje por el torrente sanguíneo hacia los pulmones. La embolia pulmonar es un cuadro serio que puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Daño permanente en los pulmones  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lesiones en otros órganos del cuerpo por no recibir suficiente oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La embolia pulmonar puede ser potencialmente mortal, sobre todo si un coágulo es grande o si hay muchos coágulos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa una embolia pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La causa suele ser un coágulo de sangre que se desprende y viaja por el torrente sanguíneo a los pulmones. El coágulo suele ser una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html"&gt;trombosis venosa profunda&lt;/a&gt;, un coágulo en la pierna. En casos raros, burbujas de aire, fragmentos de grasa o partes de un tumor pueden bloquear la arteria pulmonar y causar embolia pulmonar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una embolia pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener una embolia pulmonar, pero ciertas cosas pueden aumentar su riesgo de sufrirla:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugías&lt;/strong&gt;: Especialmente cirugía de reemplazo articular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afecciones médicas&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades pulmonares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fractura de cadera o pierna o algún otro trauma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos hormonales&lt;/strong&gt;: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;píldoras anticonceptivas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;terapia de reemplazo hormonal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Embarazo y parto&lt;/strong&gt;: El riesgo es mayor unas seis semanas después del parto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No moverse por mucho tiempo&lt;/strong&gt;: Estar en reposo en cama, tener un yeso o tomar un vuelo largo en avión puede aumentar el riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Envejecimiento&lt;/strong&gt;: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece, especialmente después de los 40 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar y genética&lt;/strong&gt;: Ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de coágulos de sangre y embolia pulmonar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Obesidad&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de una embolia pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de aliento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Respiración rápida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor o malestar de pecho&lt;/a&gt; que en general empeora al toser o respirar profundamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toser sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Presión arterial muy baja, mareos o desmayo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, las personas con embolia pulmonar no muestran síntomas hasta que presentan complicaciones graves, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;hipertensión pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; (presión arterial alta en las arterias de los pulmones).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la embolia pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede ser difícil diagnosticar la embolia pulmonar. Para saber si tiene una embolia pulmonar, su profesional de la salud va a:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar en cuenta su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas y factores de riesgo de embolia pulmonar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar algunas pruebas, incluyendo varias pruebas de imagen y posiblemente algunas pruebas de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para una embolia pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene embolia pulmonar, necesita tratamiento médico de inmediato. El objetivo del tratamiento es romper los coágulos y evitar que se formen nuevos coágulos. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos y procedimientos médicos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anticoagulantes&lt;/strong&gt;: Evitan que los coágulos de sangre crezcan y evitan que se formen nuevos coágulos. Puede recibirlos como una inyección, una píldora o por vía intravenosa. Pueden causar sangrado, especialmente si está tomando otros medicamentos que también &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;adelgazan la sangre&lt;/a&gt;, como la aspirina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trombolíticos&lt;/strong&gt;: Son medicamentos que disuelven los coágulos de sangre. Puede tomarlos si tiene coágulos grandes que causan síntomas graves u otras complicaciones serias. Los trombolíticos pueden causar sangrado repentino, por lo que se usan si su embolia pulmonar es grave y puede poner en peligro su vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;Procedimientos médicos&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trombólisis con asistencia por catéter&lt;/strong&gt;: Utiliza un tubo flexible para llegar a un coágulo de sangre en el pulmón. Su profesional de la salud puede insertar una herramienta en el tubo para romper el coágulo o para administrar el medicamento a través del tubo. Por lo general, se utiliza anestesia para este procedimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Filtro en la vena cava para personas que no pueden tomar anticoagulantes&lt;/strong&gt;: Su proveedor de atención médica insertará un filtro al interior de una vena grande llamada vena cava. El filtro atrapa los coágulos de sangre antes de que lleguen a los pulmones, lo que evita la embolia pulmonar. Sin embargo, el filtro no previene la formación de nuevos coágulos de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la embolia pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La prevención de la formación de nuevos coágulos de sangre puede evitar la embolia pulmonar. La prevención puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Seguir tomando anticoagulantes: También es importante que se haga chequeos regulares con su profesional de la salud, para verificar que la dosis de sus medicamentos esté funcionando para prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre, pero que a la vez no cause sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida saludable para el corazón: Incluye una alimentación saludable para el corazón, ejercicio y, si fuma, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar el tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar medias de compresión para prevenir la trombosis venosa profunda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mover las piernas cuando está sentado por mucho tiempo (como en viajes largos)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Moverse tan pronto sea posible después de una cirugía o estar postrado en una cama&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="377" language="English">Pulmonary Embolism</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html" id="1822">Problemas circulatorios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="2269">Trombosis venosa profunda</related-topic>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre los coágulos de sangre: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/conceptos-basicos-sobre-los-coagulos-de-sangre-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-basics-of-blood-clots-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolia pulmonar" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/embolia-pulmonar/embolia-pulmonar-ep">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía pulmonar de ventilación/perfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003828.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para evitar y tratar la formación de coágulos" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/disease/spblclots.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del dímero D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007620.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del dímero D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-dimero-d/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/d-dimer-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombólisis con asistencia por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thrombo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thrombo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Émbolo pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000132.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El clima en invierno (frío, nieve, tormentas invernales) puede conducir a problemas para la salud y la seguridad. Infórmese qué hacer para estar preparado." title="Emergencias causadas por el invierno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4609" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipo de problemas puede causar el clima invernal severo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las tormentas de invierno pueden traer frío extremo, lluvia helada, nieve, hielo y vientos fuertes. Mantenerse sano y seguro puede ser difícil. Es posible que tenga que hacer frente a problemas como:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de salud relacionados con el frío, que incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html"&gt;congelamiento&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothermia.html"&gt;hipotermia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Incendios en la casa y envenenamiento por monóxido de carbono de calentadores y chimeneas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Condiciones poco seguras en carreteras heladas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fallas eléctricas y pérdida de comunicación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html"&gt;Inundaciones&lt;/a&gt; por el derretimiento de la nieve y el hielo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo prepararme para una emergencia invernal?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si se avecina una tormenta de invierno, hay cosas que puede hacer para tratar de mantener su seguridad y la de sus seres queridos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para desastres&lt;/a&gt; que incluya:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asegurarse de tener números de teléfono importantes, incluso para sus proveedores de atención médica, farmacia y veterinario&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un plan para comunicarse con su familia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Saber cómo obtener información confiable durante la tormenta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preparar su hogar para evitar el frío con aislamiento, calafateado y sellado. Aprenda cómo evitar que las tuberías se congelen.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Conseguir suministros en caso de que necesite quedarse en casa durante varios días sin electricidad&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si planea usar su chimenea o estufa de leña para calefacción de emergencia, mande a inspeccionar su chimenea cada año&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Instale un detector de humo y un detector de monóxido de carbono que funcione con baterías&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene que viajar, asegúrese de tener un kit de emergencia para el automóvil con algunos suministros básicos, como:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un raspador de hielo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una pala&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Arena para gatos o arena para una mejor tracción de los neumáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Agua y refrigerios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ropa abrigada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cables para puente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Botiquín de primeros auxilios con los medicamentos necesarios y una navaja de bolsillo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una radio a pilas, una linterna y baterías adicionales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Llamaradas (antorchas) de emergencia o señales de socorro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cerillas impermeables y una lata para derretir nieve para obtener agua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

 &lt;p&gt;Si experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar maneras de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;enfrentarlo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4608" language="English">Winter Weather Emergencies</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres naturales</see-reference>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para mantener abrigados a los niños en el invierno" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotermia y congelación: más fácil de desarrollar de lo que se imagina" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotermia-y-congelacion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothermia-and-frostbite-easier-to-develop-than-you-might-think">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prepare su casa para la temporada invernal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/winter/beforestorm/preparehome.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/safety/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en ambientes cerrados" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/winter/duringstorm/indoorsafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/safety/stay-safe-during-after-a-winter-storm-safety.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tormenta invernal" url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja/obtener-ayuda/tipos-de-emergencias/tormenta-invernal.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/winter-storm.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Cruz Roja Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tormentas de invierno y frío extremo" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/invierno" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/winter-weather">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tormentas de nieve y hielo" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/tormentas-de-nieve-y-hielo">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tormentas invernales hacen que los consumidores recurran a calefacción suplementaria" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/es/Newsroom/News-Releases/2007/Winter-Storms-Causing-Consumers-to-Reach-for-Supplemental-HeatingCPSC-Warns-of-Deadly-Fire-and-CO-Dangers">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión  de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una emergencia por radiación implica la exposición a grandes cantidades de radiación. Infórmese sobre medidas para protegerse y estar preparado aquí." title="Emergencias causadas por la radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html" id="4599" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La radiación es un tipo de energía. Las personas están &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;expuestas&lt;/a&gt; a pequeñas cantidades de radiación todos los días provenientes de fuentes tales como la luz del sol. Una emergencia por radiación implicaría cantidades mayores de radiación y podría ser consecuencia de:&lt;/p&gt;	
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Bombas sucias: una mezcla de explosivos y polvo radiactivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Precipitaciones radiactivas de una bomba nuclear&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Liberación accidental de un reactor nuclear o una planta de armas nucleares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mucha radiación por un corto período de tiempo puede causar quemaduras o enfermedades por radiación. Si la exposición es lo suficientemente grande, puede causar envejecimiento prematuro o incluso la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque no existen garantías de seguridad durante una emergencia por radiación, puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal que se sienta estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar maneras de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;enfrentarlo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html" id="4598" language="English">Radiation Emergencies</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres causados por el hombre</see-reference>
<site title="A quién notificar y cómo estar preparado en caso de una emergencia ambiental" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/quien-notificar-y-como-estar-preparado-en-caso-de-una-emergencia-ambiental">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Accidentes en plantas de energía nuclear y riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-accidentes-plantas-nucleares" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/nuclear-accidents-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emergencias  por radiación" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/radiation/index.asp">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergencias por radiación" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/radiation">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas por radiación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/radiation-sickness/symptoms-causes/syc-20377058?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre las emergencias por radiación" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/radiation/emergencyfaq.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/faq/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protección contra la radiación y emergencias radiológicas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/proteccion-contra-la-radiacion-y-emergencias-radiologicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Está preparado para un ataque químico? Infórmese sobre los riesgos de una emergencia química y cómo elaborar un plan de emergencia aquí." title="Emergencias químicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3175" language="Spanish" date-created="04/11/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando un químico peligroso es liberado al ambiente, puede dañar la salud de las personas. La liberación de químicos puede ser un accidente. También puede ser planificado, como en el caso de un ataque terrorista con armas químicas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos químicos peligrosos han sido desarrollados por organizaciones militares para su uso en la guerra. Algunos ejemplos son los agentes o gases nerviosos como el sarín y el VX. Muchos productos químicos peligrosos son usados en la industria, por ejemplo el cloro, amoníaco, y benceno. Algunos se pueden hacer de artículos de uso diario, tales como limpiadores para el hogar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque no existen garantías de seguridad durante una emergencia química, puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal que se sienta estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar maneras de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;enfrentarlo.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3174" language="English">Chemical Emergencies</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Agentes químicos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Armas químicas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Desastres causados por el hombre</see-reference>
<site title="A quién notificar y cómo estar preparado en caso de una emergencia ambiental" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/quien-notificar-y-como-estar-preparado-en-caso-de-una-emergencia-ambiental">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="ATSDR en español" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergencias con productos químicos en el hogar" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/emergencias-con-productos-quimicos-en-el-hogar" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/household-chemical-emergencies">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis por químicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000143.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiradores" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2003-144_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-144/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índice alfabético de ToxFAQs™" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_toxfaqs_index.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Emergency medical services (EMS) can save lives. 911 is an example. Be prepared for serious medical situations by learning more. " title="Emergency Medical Services" url="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html" id="3873" language="English" date-created="06/30/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you get very sick or badly hurt and need help right away, you should use emergency medical services. These services use specially trained people and specially equipped facilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need care in the hospital emergency room (ER).  Doctors and nurses there treat emergencies, such as heart attacks and injuries. For some emergencies, you need help where you are. Emergency medical technicians, or EMTs, do specific rescue jobs. They answer emergency calls and give basic medical care. Some EMTs are paramedics - they have training to do medical procedures on site. They usually take you to the ER for more care.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you or someone you know needs emergency care, go to your hospital's emergency room. If you think the problem is life-threatening, call 911.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html" id="3874" language="Spanish">Servicios de emergencias médicas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004632">Emergency Medical Services</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Emergency Medical Services" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Emergency+Medical+Services%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Going to the Emergency Room (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emergency-room.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/emergency-room.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Handle an Emergency (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/emergency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/emergency.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Medical Services" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Emergency+Medical+Services%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing medical emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001927.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Trauma" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/emergency-medical-services">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teaching Your Child How to Use 911" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/911.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/911.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know in an Emergency (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/healthin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/healthin.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to use the emergency room - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000593.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to use the emergency room - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Emphysema is a type of COPD. COPD makes it hard to breathe. The most common cause of Emphysema is smoking. Learn about symptoms and treatment." title="Emphysema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html" id="3623" language="English" date-created="10/22/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is emphysema?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Emphysema is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. The other main type of COPD is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;chronic bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Emphysema affects the air sacs in your lungs. Normally, these sacs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In emphysema, the walls between many of the air sacs in the lungs are damaged. This causes the air sacs to lose their shape and become floppy. The damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones. This makes it harder for your lungs to move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes emphysema?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of emphysema is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and the airways. In the United States, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;cigarette smoke&lt;/a&gt; is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause emphysema, especially if you inhale them.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to emphysema. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;air pollution&lt;/a&gt;, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rarely, a genetic condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html"&gt;alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency&lt;/a&gt; can play a role in causing emphysema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for emphysema?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risk factors for emphysema include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Smoking.&lt;/strong&gt; This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have emphysema smoke or used to smoke.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long-term exposure to other lung irritants&lt;/strong&gt;, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Most people who have emphysema are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get emphysema are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of emphysema?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt; or wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A cough that produces a lot mucus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tightness in your chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with emphysema get frequent respiratory infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;. In severe cases, emphysema can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;swelling&lt;/a&gt; in your ankles, feet, or legs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is emphysema diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other tests tests, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/"&gt;lung function tests&lt;/a&gt;, a chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;, and blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for emphysema?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for emphysema. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/strong&gt;, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat emphysema.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt; to reduce inflammation.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Vaccines for the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with emphysema are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, if you have severe emphysema and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;An exercise program&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Disease management training&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Nutritional counseling&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Psychological counseling&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt;, usually as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines. There are surgeries to 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Remove damaged lung tissue&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Remove large air spaces (bullae) that can form when air sacs are destroyed. The bullae can interfere with breathing.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;lung transplant&lt;/a&gt;. This is might be an option if you have very severe emphysema.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have emphysema, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can emphysema be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since smoking causes most cases of emphysema, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html" id="3624" language="Spanish">Enfisema</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004646">Emphysema</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html" id="1692">Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1608">Chronic Bronchitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html" id="27">COPD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" id="5334">Oxygen Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pulmonary Emphysema</see-reference>
<site title="Alpha-1 antitrypsin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003715.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/deficiencia-de-alfa-1-antitripsina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-1-antitrypsin-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alfa-1-antitripsina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Emphysema" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Emphysema%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COPD Medications" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/copd?modal=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Includes: Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/copd.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Lungs Work" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/how-lungs-work">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to breathe when you are short of breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperinflated Lungs: What Does It Mean?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/expert-answers/hyperinflated-lungs/FAQ-20058169?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/emphysema/expert-answers/hyperinflated-lungs/faq-20058169?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency/learn-about-alpha-1-antitrypsin-defiency">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung diffusion testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Transplant" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emphysema" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Emphysema%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary function tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/spirometry">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for COPD" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/treating/surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with breathing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una persona con enanismo es una persona de baja estatura. La acondroplasia causa casi el 70 por ciento de todos los tipos de enanismo. Infórmese aquí." title="Enanismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dwarfism.html" id="1871" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las personas con enanismo tienen baja estatura. Esto significa que su altura es menor a 4'10" (cerca de 1.25 metro) como adulto. Usualmente tienen una inteligencia normal. El enanismo a menudo ocurre en familias donde ambos padres son de estatura promedio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Más de 300 afecciones diferentes pueden causar enanismo. La acondroplasia es el tipo más común de enanismo. Es un problema genético que afecta aproximadamente entre una en 15,000 a una en 40,000 personas. Hace que sus brazos y piernas sean cortos en comparación con su cabeza y tronco. También puede tener una cabeza más grande y un tono muscular débil. Otras afecciones genéticas, enfermedad renal y problemas con el metabolismo u hormonas también pueden causar enanismo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las afecciones que causan enanismo también pueden causar otros problemas de salud. La mayoría de ellos son tratables. Es importante tener chequeos regulares a lo largo de su vida. Con la atención médica adecuada, la mayoría de las personas con enanismo tienen vidas activas y viven tanto como otras personas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dwarfism.html" id="1244" language="English">Dwarfism</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/growthdisorders.html" id="1926">Trastornos de crecimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acondroplasia</see-reference>
<site title="Acondrogénesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001247.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acondroplasia" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/acondroplasia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/achondroplasia.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acondroplasia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12001/acondroplasia/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8173/achondroplasia/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acondroplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001577.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disostosis espondilotorácica (síndrome de Jarcho-Levin)" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12288/disostosis-espondilotoracica/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Displasia campomélica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de Ellis-Van Creveld" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de Kniest" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia diastrófica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia espondiloepifisaria congénita" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enanismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/symptoms-causes/syc-20371969?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/symptoms-causes/syc-20371969?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enanismo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dwarfism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dwarfism.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enanismo primordial" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/primordial-dwarfism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/primordial-dwarfism.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipocondroplasia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12423/hipocondroplasia/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetics.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Desbuquois" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11870/sindrome-de-desbuquois/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Ellis van Creveld" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001667.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La encefalitis es una inflamación del cerebro. La causa más común es una infección viral. Síntomas y tratamiento aquí." title="Encefalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html" id="1884" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Inflamación del cerebro</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la encefalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La encefalitis es una inflamación del cerebro. Puede ocurrir cuando una infección o un problema médico que afecta al cerebro activa el sistema inmunitario. La inflamación puede causar una amplia gama de síntomas. En casos extremos, puede provocar daño cerebral, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; o incluso la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la encefalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de encefalitis, dependiendo de la causa. Los dos tipos principales son la encefalitis infecciosa y la encefalitis autoinmune.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La encefalitis infecciosa suele ser causada por un virus. De hecho, los virus son la causa más común de encefalitis. Algunos de los diferentes virus que la causan incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Virus del herpes, incluyendo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simple&lt;/a&gt; (VHS), el virus de Epstein-Barr (que causa la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html"&gt;mononucleosis infecciosa&lt;/a&gt;) y el virus varicela-zóster (que causa la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html"&gt;varicela&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Virus que puede contraer si lo pica una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html"&gt;garrapata&lt;/a&gt; infectada, como la encefalitis transmitida por garrapatas (virus TBE) y el virus Powassan. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Virus que puede contraer si lo pica un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito&lt;/a&gt; infectado, como el virus de la encefalitis equina del este, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html"&gt;virus del Nilo Occidental&lt;/a&gt; y el virus de La Crosse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enterovirus, un grupo común de virus que en su mayoría causan enfermedades leves o infecciones respiratorias. Estas infecciones suelen ocurrir en verano y otoño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;hongos&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parásitos&lt;/a&gt; también pueden causar encefalitis infecciosa, pero no es común.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;encefalitis autoinmune&lt;/strong&gt; ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca por error a las células cerebrales sanas. Puede ser desencadenada por afecciones como ciertos tipos de cáncer, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;tumores benignos&lt;/a&gt; e infecciones. En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener encefalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener encefalitis, pero es más probable que la tenga si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un sistema inmunitario débil, por ejemplo, por tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; o tomar ciertos medicamentos, como los que se toman después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órganos&lt;/a&gt;, ciertos medicamentos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y tratamientos especializados para ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es un niño pequeño o una persona mayor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vive en áreas donde hay garrapatas y mosquitos que transmiten virus que pueden causar encefalitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la encefalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la encefalitis pueden variar mucho, dependiendo de su gravedad. Muchas personas no presentan síntomas. Otras pueden tener síntomas leves parecidos a los de la gripe, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; o dolor corporal. Si la encefalitis se agrava, puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza intenso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rigidez en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios de conducta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Somnolencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html"&gt;Parálisis&lt;/a&gt; parcial en brazos y piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html"&gt;Coma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La encefalitis puede ser peligrosa en los bebés. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Letargo (debilidad o somnolencia)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mala alimentación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rigidez corporal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad o llanto inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fontanela (el punto blando en la parte superior de la cabeza) abultada o hinchada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted o su hijo tienen síntomas de encefalitis, es importante obtener atención médica de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la encefalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para averiguar si tiene encefalitis, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le realizará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Considerará su historia clínica, que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede realizar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/"&gt;examen neurológico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; del cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar un electroencefalograma, prueba que utiliza pequeños sensores eléctricos para medir la actividad cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar análisis de sangre y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/"&gt;líquido cefalorraquídeo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la encefalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con encefalitis necesitarán tratamiento en el hospital. Dependiendo de la causa, los tratamientos pueden incluir antivirales, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; y otros medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para algunos tipos de encefalitis no existen medicamentos para tratarla. Pero el reposo, la nutrición y los líquidos pueden ayudar al cuerpo a combatir la infección y aliviar los síntomas. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas pueden necesitar fisioterapia, terapia del habla y terapia ocupacional una vez que la enfermedad esté bajo control. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la encefalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir la encefalitis causada por infecciones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenga una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;buena higiene&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo lavarse las manos con agua y jabón frecuentemente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No comparta alimentos, bebidas, utensilios y vasos con otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;Vacúnese&lt;/a&gt; contra los virus que pueden causar encefalitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite las picaduras de mosquitos y garrapatas, por ejemplo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use repelente de insectos con DEET u otro repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los EE. UU. (EPA). Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones del repelente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use ropa que cubra sus brazos, piernas y pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antes de ingresar a áreas con pasto o bosque, aplique productos que contengan 0,5% de permetrina a su ropa y equipo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html" id="241" language="English">Encephalitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html" id="2031">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html" id="2228">Virus del Nilo Occidental</related-topic>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003369.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro inflamado: Reconocer la encefalitis y la meningitis" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cerebro-inflamado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/inflamed-brain">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/encephalitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/encephalitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/encephalitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encephalitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001415.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalitis equina del este" url="https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/eeencephalitis/eeespanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departmento de Salud de Minnesota</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encefalitis japonesa" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/je/index.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis y encefalitis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/meningitis-y-encefalitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001419.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de fatiga crónica es un trastorno que provoca un cansancio que no desaparece después del descanso y persiste un largo tiempo. Síntomas." title="Encefalomielitis miálgica/Síndrome de fatiga crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" id="1821" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Encefalomielitis miálgica</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad sistémica de intolerancia al esfuerzo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome de encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC) es una enfermedad grave y prolongada que afecta muchos sistemas del cuerpo. También se conoce como síndrome de fatiga crónica. A menudo, la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica puede impedirle realizar sus actividades habituales. A veces es posible que ni siquiera pueda levantarse de la cama.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores aún no saben qué causa la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica. Puede haber más de una posible causa. También puede que dos o más desencadenantes influyan juntos para causar la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores están estudiando muchas causas posibles, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estrés físico o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;emocional&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en la forma en que las células del cuerpo obtienen su energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genética: En ocasiones, la enfermedad puede ser hereditaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede contraer encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica, pero es más común en personas entre 40 y 60 años. Las mujeres adultas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollarla que los hombres adultos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas primarios o centrales de EM/SFC son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No poder realizar actividades que hacía antes de la enfermedad, además de fatiga intensa. La fatiga debe durar seis meses o más y no mejora con el descanso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Malestar post-esfuerzo: Significa que sus síntomas empeoran después de cualquier actividad física o mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de los síntomas principales, para ser diagnosticado con EM/SFC, es necesario tener uno o ambos de estos síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el pensamiento y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html"&gt;memoria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Empeoramiento de los síntomas al estar de pie o sentado erguido. Esto se llama intolerancia ortostática. Puede hacer que se sienta aturdido, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareado&lt;/a&gt;, débil o desmayarse al estar de pie o sentado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los otros síntomas que puede causar EM/SFC incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;Dolor&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo dolor muscular, dolor en las articulaciones y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensibilidad en los ganglios (glándulas) linfáticos del cuello o las axilas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas digestivos, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome del intestino irritable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos y sudores nocturnos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;Alergia&lt;/a&gt; y sensibilidad a alimentos, olores, productos químicos, luz o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html"&gt;ruido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica puede ser impredecible. Sus síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer; y cambiar con el tiempo. En ocasiones, pueden mejorar y otras veces pueden empeorar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. No existe una prueba específica para la afección, y otras enfermedades pueden causar síntomas similares. Su profesional de la salud debe descartar otras enfermedades antes de realizar un diagnóstico de EM/SFC.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de atención médica realizará un examen médico completo, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntas sobre su historia clínica y el historial médico de su familia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntas sobre su enfermedad actual, incluyendo sus síntomas. Algunas preguntas que puede hacer podrían incluir con qué frecuencia tiene síntomas, qué tan graves son, cuánto han durado y cómo afectan su vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exámenes completos del estado físico y mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, orina u otras pruebas para detectar otras enfermedades que podrían estar causando sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor también puede pedirle que consulte a un especialista para detectar otras afecciones que puedan causar síntomas similares.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura ni tratamiento aprobado para la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica, pero es posible que pueda tratar o controlar algunos de sus síntomas.
Usted, su familia y su profesional de la salud deben trabajar juntos para decidir un plan. Debe determinar qué síntoma le causa más problemas y tratar de tratarlo primero. Por ejemplo, si los problemas para dormir son los que más le afectan, primero puede intentar adoptar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;buenos hábitos de sueño&lt;/a&gt;. Si esto no ayuda, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos o consultar a un especialista en sueño.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También pueden resultar útiles estrategias como aprender nuevas formas de llevar a cabo sus actividades. Debe asegurarse de no "push-crash" (exigirse demasiado y luego recaer en inglés). Esto puede ocurrir cuando usted se siente mejor, hace demasiado y luego vuelve a empeorar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted tiene EM/SFC, puede ser difícil ayudar a desarrollar un plan de tratamiento. También puede ser difícil intentar cuidarse a sí mismo. Por eso es importante que cuente con el apoyo de familiares y amigos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay varios recursos y estrategias disponibles que pueden resultarle útiles, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener consejería que le ayude a afrontar la enfermedad y su impacto en su vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener una dieta saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Suplementos nutricionales, si su proveedor los sugiere&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Terapias complementarias&lt;/a&gt; como meditación, masajes suaves o terapias de relajación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Asegúrese de hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de probar cualquier tratamiento nuevo. Algunos tratamientos que se promocionan como curas para la la afección no están probados, a menudo son costosos y podrían ser peligrosos.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" id="89" language="English">Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html" id="5325">Fatiga</related-topic>
<see-reference>Enfermedad sistémica de intolerancia al esfuerzo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fatiga crónica, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>SFC</see-reference>
<site title="Encefalomielitis miálgica o síndrome de fatiga crónica: Diagnóstico y tratamientos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360510?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalomielitis miálgica o síndrome de fatiga crónica: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001244.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de fatiga crónica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cfs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cfs.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de fatiga crónica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-fatiga-cronica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/pain/disorders/031.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de fatiga crónica" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/s%C3%ADndrome-de-fatiga-cr%C3%B3nica/s%C3%ADndrome-de-fatiga-cr%C3%B3nica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de fatiga crónica" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chronic-fatigue-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chronic-fatigue-syndrome">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de fatiga crónica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cfs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cfs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain, often caused by a viral infection. There are several types of Encephalitis.  Read about their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment." title="Encephalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html" id="241" language="English" date-created="07/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is encephalitis? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Encephalitis is inflammation (swelling) of the brain. It can happen when an infection or medical condition that affects the brain activates your immune system. The inflammation can cause a wide range of symptoms. In extreme cases, it can lead to brain damage, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, or even death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes encephalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of encephalitis, based on what the cause is. The two main types are infectious encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infectious encephalitis&lt;/strong&gt; is usually caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;. In fact, viruses are the most common cause of encephalitis. Some of the different viruses that cause it include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Herpes viruses, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simplex&lt;/a&gt; (HSV), the Epstein-Barr virus (which causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html"&gt;infectious mononucleosis&lt;/a&gt;) and the varicella-zoster virus (which causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html"&gt;chickenpox&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viruses you can get if you are bitten by an infected &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html"&gt;tick&lt;/a&gt;, such as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE virus) and Powassan virus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viruses you can get if you are bitten by an infected &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito&lt;/a&gt;, such as eastern equine encephalitis virus, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html"&gt;West Nile virus&lt;/a&gt;, and La Crosse virus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enteroviruses, which are a common group of viruses that mostly cause mild illness or respiratory infection. These infections usually happen in the summer and fall.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungi&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasites&lt;/a&gt; can also cause infectious encephalitis. But this is not common.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Autoimmune encephalitis&lt;/strong&gt; happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells. It can be triggered by conditions such as certain cancers, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;benign tumors&lt;/a&gt;, and infections. Sometimes the cause is not known.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get encephalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get encephalitis, but you are more likely to get it if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a weakened immune system, for example from having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or taking certain medicines. These could include medicines taken after an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;, certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; medicines, and specialized treatments for certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a young child or older adult.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Live in areas where there are ticks and mosquitoes that carry viruses that can cause encephalitis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of encephalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of encephalitis can vary a lot, depending on how severe it is. Many people do not have any symptoms. Others may have mild flu-like symptoms such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headache&lt;/a&gt;, or body aches. If encephalitis becomes more serious, it can cause:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe headache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stiff neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;Seizures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Behavior changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drowsiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Partial &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html"&gt;paralysis&lt;/a&gt; in your arms and legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html"&gt;Coma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Encephalitis can be dangerous in infants. Their symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lethargy (weakness or drowsiness)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor feeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Body stiffness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unusual irritability or crying&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A full or bulging fontanel (the soft spot on the top of the head)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you or your child is having symptoms of encephalitis, it's important to get medical care right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is encephalitis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have encephalitis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/"&gt;neurologic exam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as a brain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order an EEG (electroencephalography), which use small electric sensors to measure your brain activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order blood and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/"&gt;cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for encephalitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with encephalitis will need treatment in the hospital. Depending on the cause, treatments may include antiviral medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt;, and other medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For some types of encephalitis, there is no medicine to treat it. But rest, nutrition, and fluids can help your body fight the infection and relieve symptoms. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may need physical, speech, and occupational therapy once the illness is under control.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can encephalitis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to help prevent encephalitis that is caused by infections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good hygiene&lt;/a&gt;, including washing your hands often with soap and water.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't share food, drinks, utensils, and glasses with other people.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccines&lt;/a&gt; for viruses that can cause encephalitis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid mosquito and tick bites, for example by:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Wearing insect repellent with DEET or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Wearing clothes that cover your arms, legs and feet.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Treating your clothing and gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin before you go in grassy or woody areas.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html" id="1884" language="Spanish">Encefalitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004660">Encephalitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/encephalitis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html" id="324">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html" id="1377">West Nile Virus</related-topic>
<site title="About Eastern Equine Encephalitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Japanese Encephalitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/japanese-encephalitis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About St. Louis Encephalitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sle/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Tick-Borne Encephalitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Encephalitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Encephalitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CSF analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003369.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Data and Maps for Eastern Equine Encephalitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/data-maps/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eastern Equine Encephalitis: Causes and How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/cause-and-spread/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eastern Equine Encephalitis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment" url="https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="EEG (Electroencephalogram)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/eeg/about/pac-20393875?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encephalitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/encephalitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/encephalitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encephalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001415.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encephalitis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/encephalitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Functional MRI (fMRI)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamed Brain: Recognizing Encephalitis and Meningitis" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/inflamed-brain" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cerebro-inflamado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/je-ixiaro.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Eastern Equine Encephalitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encephalitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Encephalitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Although it can be hard, planning for and making decisions about the end of life is important. Doing it ahead of time can reduce stress for you and your family." title="End of Life Issues" url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html" id="496" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<also-called>Death and dying</also-called>
<also-called>Terminal care</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Planning for the end of life can be difficult.  But by deciding what end-of-life care best suits your needs when you are healthy, you can help those close to you make the right choices when the time comes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;End-of-life planning usually includes making choices about the following:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The goals of care (for example, whether to use certain medicines during the last days of life)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Where you want to spend your final days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Which treatments for end-of-life care you wish to receive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html"&gt;palliative care&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html"&gt;hospice care&lt;/a&gt; you wish to receive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html"&gt;Advance directives&lt;/a&gt; can help make your wishes clear to your family and health care providers.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html" id="1844" language="Spanish">Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003643">Death</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoflifeissues.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Nursing Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html" id="4151">Advance Directives</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bereavement.html" id="159">Bereavement</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html" id="1355">Hospice Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html" id="615">Organ Donation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html" id="424">Suicide</related-topic>
<see-reference>Death and Dying</see-reference>
<see-reference>Terminal Care</see-reference>
<site title="Advanced Illness: Holding on and Letting Go" url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/advanced-illness-holding-on-letting-go/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Family Caregiver Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artificial Hydration and Nutrition" url="https://familydoctor.org/artificial-hydration-and-nutrition/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/hidratacion-y-nutricion-artificial/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Death" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/brain-death">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and End of Life" url="https://www.lls.org/managing-your-cancer/end-life-care/children-and-end-life">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Terminal Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Terminal+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Advanced Cancer: Choices for Care Near the End of Life" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/advanced-cancer">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding about treatments that prolong life" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000468.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do-not-resuscitate order" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000473.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="End of Life" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="End of Life Care" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-what-matters-most/end-life-care">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="End-of-Life Care for People Who Have Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/care-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado/hoja-informativa-cuidado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Last Days of Life" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/caregivers/planning/last-days-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/cuidadores/planificacion/etapa-final-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living Well with a Serious Illness" url="https://www.acponline.org/sites/default/files/documents/patients_families/end_of_life_issues/peace/serious_ill.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Physicians</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Making Decisions for Someone at the End of Life" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/making-decisions-someone-end-life" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/entender-decisiones-sobre-atencion-medica-al-final-vida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Alliance for Care at Home" url="https://allianceforcareathome.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Alliance for Care at Home</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Nursing Research" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutritional Support for People Who Are Dying or Severely Demented" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/nutritional-support-for-people-who-are-dying-or-have-severe-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/apoyo-nutricional-para-personas-moribundas-o-con-demencia-grave">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - what the final days are like" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planning the Transition to End-of-Life Care in Advanced Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/planning/end-of-life-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/planes/etapa-final-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planning Your Own Funeral" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/planning-your-own-funeral" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/planificacion-de-su-propio-funeral">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparations as You Near the End of Life" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/end-of-life-care/nearing-the-end-of-life.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/atencion-en-la-etapa-final-de-la-vida/cuando-el-final-de-la-vida-esta-cerca.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Providing Care and Comfort at the End of Life" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/providing-care-and-comfort-end-life" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/proporcionar-cuidados-confort-al-final-vida">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="End of life care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Death%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shopping for Funeral Services" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/shopping-funeral-services" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/buscar-y-comparar-servicios-funebres">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking with a child about a parent's terminal illness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000848.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000848.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Funerals" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/types-funerals" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/tipos-de-funerales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do after Someone Dies" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/grief-and-mourning/what-do-after-someone-dies" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/luto-duelo/hacer-cuando-alguien-muere">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When your cancer treatment stops working" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000851.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When your child's cancer treatment stops working" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000852.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Young People Facing End-of-Life Care Decisions" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya/end-of-life" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/adolescentes-adultos-jovenes/final-de-la-vida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La endocarditis es una inflamación de la membrana interna del corazón. La endocarditis bacteriana, ocurre cuando los gérmenes entran al corazón. Prevención" title="Endocarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html" id="4317" language="Spanish" date-created="02/27/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La endocarditis a veces también es llamada endocarditis infecciosa. Es una inflamación rara, pero potencialmente mortal, de la membrana dentro de las cámaras y válvulas del corazón (el endocardio).&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La endocarditis por lo general es causada por gérmenes que entran en el torrente sanguíneo y viajan al corazón. Una vez dentro del corazón, los gérmenes pueden adjuntarse a la membrana o quedar atrapados en las válvulas. Los gérmenes empiezan a crecer, causando infección. Si no se trata rápido, la infección puede causar daño al corazón y provocar problemas de salud serios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infecciones bacterianas&lt;/a&gt; causan la mayoría de la endocarditis. Normalmente, muchas bacterias viven en su boca, en su piel y en otras partes del cuerpo. A veces las bacterias pueden entrar en su torrente sanguíneo por lesiones como cortes o raspaduras. Tratamiento dental y ciertas cirugías también pueden permitir que pequeñas cantidades de bacterias entren en su torrente sanguíneo.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;infecciones por hongos&lt;/a&gt; causan endocarditis. Los hongos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;cándida&lt;/a&gt;, pueden vivir en partes de su cuerpo. Las infecciones por hongos por lo general suceden en personas que tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado, que no puede detener el crecimiento de los hongos. Esto incluye personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, la endocarditis es rara. Si usted está sano, su sistema inmunitario usualmente destruye los gérmenes en su torrente sanguíneo antes de que causen daño.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis puede ser más alta que la mayoría de las personas si usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene ciertas afecciones cardiacas:&lt;/strong&gt; Tejido cardiaco dañado o anormal y dispositivos en su corazón pueden atrapar gérmenes más fácilmente que un tejido cardiaco sano. Esto significa que su riesgo de endocarditis es más alto si usted tiene:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las válvulas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;marcapasos o desfibrilador implantable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Un reemplazo de válvula del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene más edad:&lt;/strong&gt; Cambios de las válvulas del corazón relacionados con la edad, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitralvalveprolapse.html"&gt;prolapso de la válvula mitral&lt;/a&gt; o depósitos de calcio en la válvula aórtica, crean lugares para que los gérmenes se adjunten al corazón&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Se inyecta &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Agujas sucias pueden llevar bacterias al torrente sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene una afección que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;debilita el sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No cuida sus dientes y encias:&lt;/strong&gt; Una mala &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html"&gt;salud dental&lt;/a&gt; hace que sea fácil que los gérmenes entren en su torrente sanguíneo a través de sus encías y boca&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene una línea venosa central a largo plazo&lt;/strong&gt;, un tubo que se queda en una vena grande durante semanas o meses por tratamiento médico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ya ha tenido endocarditis:&lt;/strong&gt; La endocarditis puede dañar el tejido cardiaco, lo cual incrementa su riesgo de tenerla nuevamente&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de endocarditis pueden ser severos o muy leves. Pueden empezar repentina o lentamente. Los síntomas también pueden variar de persona a persona. Los posibles síntomas de endocarditis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; y escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Soplo cardiaco nuevo o que empeora (un sonido inusual que se escucha entre los latidos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor muscular, en las articulaciones y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;espalda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudoración nocturna (sudoración abundante durante el sueño)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Falta de aliento&lt;/a&gt; (sentir que le falta el aire)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en la piel, incluyendo:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Vasos sanguíneos rotos&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Protuberancias rojas o moradas dolorosas&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Manchas rojas planas en la palma de las manos o en la planta de los pies&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando los gérmenes están en su corazón, pueden agruparse con las células sanguíneas. Estas agrupaciones pueden separarse y moverse a través de su torrente sanguíneo. Pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo, propagar la infección o dañar sus órganos, incluyendo su cerebro, pulmones, riñones y bazo.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La endocarditis a veces puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;, una emergencia médica que sucede cuando su cuerpo tiene una respuesta extrema a una infección.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La endocarditis también puede causar problemas cardiacos serios, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño a las válvulas cardiacas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt; (un problema con la frecuencia y el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para averiguar si usted tiene endocarditis, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará acerca de su &lt;strong&gt;historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo síntomas, afecciones recientes y otros problemas de salud que afectan su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un &lt;strong&gt;examen físico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Probablemente ordenará &lt;strong&gt;pruebas&lt;/strong&gt; como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de sangre para revisar por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;síntomas de infección&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt; u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/"&gt;hongos en su sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Rayos x&lt;/a&gt; en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Pruebas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene endocarditis, es importante obtener tratamiento rápidamente. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos:&lt;/strong&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; para tratar infecciones bacterianas. Los antibióticos por lo general se empiezan de forma intravenosa en el hospital&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos antimicóticos&lt;/strong&gt; para tratar infecciones por hongos. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir tomar medicamentos antimicóticos por el resto de su vida para prevenir que regrese la infección&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Cirugía del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; puede necesitarse para reparar o reemplazar válvulas y tejido cardiaco dañado. La cirugía también puede realizarse para remover tejido infectado&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cuidado dental&lt;/strong&gt;, en especial limpiezas, para ayudar a prevenir la cantidad de bacterias que crecen en su boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento puede durar semanas y usted puede necesitar pruebas para asegurarse que está funcionando. Su profesional de la salud también revisará si hay problemas que puedan desarrollarse por la endocarditis, como insuficiencia cardiaca o latidos cardiacos irregulares.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene probabilidades más altas que otras personas de desarrollar endocarditis, puede reducir su riesgo si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuida bien de sus dientes y encías todos los días&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/"&gt;exámenes y limpiezas dentales&lt;/a&gt; cada 6 meses&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Tiene hábitos para un corazón sano en su vida diaria, para ayudar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;prevenir las enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Llama a su profesional de la salud enseguida si usted tiene síntomas que podrían ser de endocarditis&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con mayor riesgo de endocarditis bacteriana necesitan tomar antibióticos antes de las visitas dentales o ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si usted es parte de un grupo de alto riesgo. Si es así, comunique a todos sus profesionales de la salud acerca de su riesgo.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html" id="4316" language="English">Endocarditis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía transesofágica" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ecocardiografia-transesofagica/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/Diag/ditee.cfm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/endocarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352576?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endocarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352576?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/inflamacion-cardiaca/endocarditis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation/endocarditis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001098.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis bacteriana" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/endocarditis-bacteriana-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bacterial-endocarditis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis con cultivo negativo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000657.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007680.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis infecciosa" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%c3%b3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%c3%adneos/endocarditis/endocarditis-infecciosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/endocarditis/infective-endocarditis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis infecciosa" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/endocarditis-infecciosa/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/infective-endocarditis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis no infecciosa" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/endocarditis/endocarditis-no-infecciosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/endocarditis/noninfective-endocarditis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/endocarditis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352582?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia lineal subungueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003283.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/tomografia-computada/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Título de antiestreptolisina O" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003522.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la inflamación cardíaca?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/inflamacion-cardiaca" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Endocarditis, or infective endocarditis (IE), is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. Learn the causes, who's at risk, and how it's treated." title="Endocarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html" id="4316" language="English" date-created="02/16/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Endocarditis is sometimes called infective endocarditis. It's a rare but life-threatening inflammation of the lining inside your heart's chambers and valves (the endocardium).&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Endocarditis is usually caused by germs that get into your bloodstream and travel to your heart. Once they get inside your heart, the germs can attach to the lining or get trapped in the valves. They start to grow, causing an infection. If not treated quickly, the infection can cause damage to the heart and lead to serious health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacterial infections&lt;/a&gt; cause most endocarditis. Normally, many bacteria live in your mouth, on your skin, or in other parts of the body. Sometimes the bacteria can get into your bloodstream from injuries such cuts or scrapes. Dental work and certain surgeries can also allow small amounts of bacteria to enter your bloodstream.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungal infections&lt;/a&gt; cause endocarditis. The fungi, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;yeast&lt;/a&gt;, can live in parts of your body. Fungal infections generally happen in people who have weakened immune systems that can't stop the fungus from growing. This includes people who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In general, endocarditis is rare. If you're healthy, your immune system usually destroys the germs in your bloodstream before they can cause harm.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;But your chance of developing endocarditis may be higher than most people if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have certain heart conditions.&lt;/strong&gt; Damaged or abnormal heart tissue and devices in your heart can trap germs more easily than healthy heart tissue. That means your risk of endocarditis is higher if you have:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Heart valve disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;pacemaker or an implantable defibrillator.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A heart valve replacement.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are older.&lt;/strong&gt; Age-related changes to the heart valves, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html"&gt;mitral valve prolapse&lt;/a&gt; or calcium deposits in the aortic valve, create places for germs to attach to the heart.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inject &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;illegal drugs&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Unclean needles may carry bacteria into the bloodstream.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a condition that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakens your immune system&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't take care of your teeth and gums.&lt;/strong&gt; Poor &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html"&gt;dental health&lt;/a&gt; makes it easier for germs to get into your bloodstream through your gums and mouth.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a long-term central venous line&lt;/strong&gt;, a tube that stays in a large vein for weeks or months for medical treatment.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have already had endocarditis.&lt;/strong&gt; Endocarditis can damage heart tissue, which increases your risk of getting it again.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Endocarditis symptoms may be severe or very mild. They may start suddenly or slowly. And they can vary from person to person. The possible symptoms of endocarditis include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; and chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;New or worsening heart murmur (an unusual sound heard between heartbeats)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle, joint, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt; (feeling like you can't get enough air)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin changes, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Broken blood vessels&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Painful red or purple bumps&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Painless flat red spots on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can endocarditis cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the germs are in your heart, they can clump together with blood cells. These clumps can break off and travel through your bloodstream. They may block blood flow, spread infection, or damage your organs, including your brain, lungs, kidneys, and spleen.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Endocarditis may sometimes lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;, a medical emergency that happens when your body has an extreme response to the infection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Endocarditis can also cause serious heart problems including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart valve damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is endocarditis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have endocarditis, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your &lt;strong&gt;medical history&lt;/strong&gt;, including your symptoms, recent illnesses, and other health conditions that affect your chance of developing endocarditis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a &lt;strong&gt;physical exam&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Likely order &lt;strong&gt;tests&lt;/strong&gt;, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blood tests to check for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;signs of infection&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, or&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/"&gt; fungi in your blood&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Heart tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for endocarditis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have endocarditis, it's important to get treatment quickly. Treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines:&lt;/strong&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are usually started through an intravenous (IV) line in the hospital.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antifungal medicine&lt;/strong&gt; to treat fungal infections. Your provider may suggest taking antifungal medicine for the rest of your life to prevent the infection from coming back.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Heart surgery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; may be needed to repair or replace damaged valves and heart tissue. Surgery may also be done to remove infected tissue.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dental care&lt;/strong&gt;, especially cleanings, can help reduce the amount of bacteria that grows in your mouth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment may last weeks, and you may need tests to make sure it's working. Your provider will also check you for problems that could develop from endocarditis, such as heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can endocarditis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have a higher chance of developing endocarditis than most people, you can reduce your risk if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take good care of your teeth and gums every day&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/"&gt;dental exams and cleaning&lt;/a&gt; at your dentist's office every 6 months&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Make heart-healthy habits part of your daily life to help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;prevent heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Call your health care provider right away if you have symptoms that could be endocarditis&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with the highest risk for bacterial endocarditis need antibiotics before dental visits or certain medical or surgical procedures. Ask your provider if you're part of the highest risk group. If so, let all your providers know about your risk.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html" id="4317" language="Spanish">Endocarditis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004696">Endocarditis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html" id="279">Heart Valve Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antistreptolysin O titer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003522.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Endocarditis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bacterial-endocarditis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/endocarditis-bacteriana-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Endocarditis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Endocarditis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Culture-negative endocarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000657.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation/endocarditis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/inflamacion-cardiaca/endocarditis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001098.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endocarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352576?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/endocarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352576?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007680.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infective Endocarditis" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/infective-endocarditis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/endocarditis-infecciosa/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infective Endocarditis" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/infective-endocarditis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Noninfective Endocarditis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/endocarditis/noninfective-endocarditis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/endocarditis/endocarditis-no-infecciosa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention of Infective Endocarditis Wallet Card" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Infective-Endocarditis/Infective-Endocarditis-Wallet-Card.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Infective-Endocarditis/Infective-Endocarditis-Wallet-Card-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocarditis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Endocarditis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Splinter hemorrhages" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003283.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The Endocrine system has eight major glands that make hormones. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in the USA." title="Endocrine Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html" id="475" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your endocrine system includes eight major glands throughout your body. These glands make &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;. Hormones are chemical messengers.  They travel through your bloodstream to tissues or organs. Hormones work slowly and affect body processes from head to toe. These include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Growth and development&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Metabolism - digestion, elimination, breathing, blood circulation and maintaining body temperature &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sexual function&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reproduction&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your hormone levels are too high or too low, you may have a hormone disorder. Hormone diseases also occur if your body does not respond to hormones the way it is supposed to.  Stress, infection and changes in your blood's &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;fluid and electrolyte balance&lt;/a&gt; can also influence hormone levels.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the United States, the most common endocrine disease is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. There are many others. They are usually treated by controlling how much hormone your body makes. Hormone supplements can help if the problem is too little of a hormone.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html" id="1885" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del sistema endocrino</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004700">Endocrine System Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html" id="1233">Addison Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="128">Adrenal Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/growthdisorders.html" id="265">Growth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html" id="1499">Hormones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="110">Pancreatic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="356">Parathyroid Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html" id="362">Pituitary Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html" id="439">Thyroid Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia</see-reference>
<site title="17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/17-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-3-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="46,XX testicular difference of sex development: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/46xx-testicular-difference-of-sex-development/">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="5-alpha reductase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/5-alpha-reductase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Androgen insensitivity syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001180.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aromatase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aromatase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aromatase excess syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aromatase-excess-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bisphenol A (BPA)" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-bpa">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carney Complex (CNC)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/genetics/family-cancer-syndromes/carney-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central precocious puberty: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/central-precocious-puberty">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/patient-child-men-syndromes-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neoplasia-endocrina-multiple/paciente-tratamiento-sindromes-nem-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Endocrine System Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Endocrine+System+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Multiple+Endocrine+Neoplasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Endometriosis happens when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows in other places in the body. There is no cure but there are treatments for symptoms." title="Endometriosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html" id="243" language="English" date-created="06/21/1999">
<also-called>Endo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a person is pregnant. The uterus is lined with tissue (endometrium). Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue that is similar to the lining of the uterus grows in other places in your body. These patches of tissue are called "implants," "nodules," or "lesions." They are most often found:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;On or under the ovaries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;On the fallopian tubes, which carry egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Behind the uterus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;On the tissues that hold the uterus in place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;On the bowels or bladder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, the tissue may grow on your lungs or in other parts of your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The cause of endometriosis is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Endometriosis can affect anyone who menstruates. Certain factors can raise or lower your risk of getting it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You are at higher risk if:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;You have a mother, sister, or daughter with endometriosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your period started before age 11&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your monthly cycles are short (less than 27 days)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your menstrual cycles are heavy and last more than 7 days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You have a lower risk if:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have been pregnant before&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your periods started late in adolescence&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You breastfeed your babies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The main symptoms of endometriosis are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;Pelvic pain&lt;/a&gt;, which often happens during your period.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Infertility&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other possible symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html"&gt;Painful menstrual cramps&lt;/a&gt;, which may get worse over time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain during or after sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the intestine or lower &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain with bowel movements or urination, usually during your period&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heavy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;periods&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Spotting or bleeding&lt;/a&gt; between periods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digestive or gastrointestinal symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue or lack of energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is endometriosis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Surgery is the only way to know for sure that you have endometriosis. First, however, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You will have a pelvic exam and may have some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common surgery to diagnose endometriosis is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/"&gt;laparoscopy&lt;/a&gt;. This is a type of surgery that uses a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light. The surgeon inserts the laparoscope through a small cut in the skin near your belly button. Your provider can make a diagnosis based on how the patches of endometriosis look. They may also do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; to get a tissue sample.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for endometriosis, but there are treatments for the symptoms. Your provider will work with you to decide which treatments would be best for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Treatments for endometriosis pain&lt;/strong&gt; include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen and a prescription medicine specifically for endometriosis. Providers may sometimes prescribe opioids for severe pain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormone therapy&lt;/strong&gt;, which stops the ovaries from making hormones. This may slow the growth of the endometrial tissue and may prevent new areas from growing. Types of hormone therapy include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Birth control pills&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Progestin therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) medicines (GnRH agonists and antagonists). These medicines cause a temporary menopause. After your stop taking the medicines, your menstrual periods will start again, and pregnancy is possible.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgical treatments&lt;/strong&gt; for severe pain, including procedures to remove the endometriosis patches or cut some nerves in the pelvis. The surgery may be a laparoscopy or major surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Treatments for infertility caused by endometriosis&lt;/strong&gt; include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Laparoscopy&lt;/strong&gt; to remove the endometriosis patches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;In vitro fertilization&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html" id="325">Menstruation</related-topic>
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<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endometriosis and Infertility: Can Surgery Help?" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/endometriosis-and-infertility-can-surgery-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/endometriosis_e_infertilidad_puede_ayudar_la_cirugia-spanish.pdf">
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<site title="Endometriosis: General Information" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/endometriosis-general-information/">
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<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometriosis: Glossary of Terms" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/endometriosis-glossary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
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<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Olivia Culpo Is Speaking Up for Others with Endometriosis" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/olivia-culpo-is-speaking-up-for-others-with-endometriosis" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/olivia-culpo-habla-en-nombre-de-otras-personas-con-endometriosis">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Other Endometriosis FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometri/more_information/other-faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/endometri/masinformacion/preguntas">
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<site title="Period Problems: Fibroids, Endometriosis, and Other Issues" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/period-problems" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-menstruales">
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<health-topic meta-desc="La Endometriosis sucede cuando tejido similar al revestimiento del útero crece en otras partes del cuerpo. No hay cura, pero hay tratamientos para los síntomas." title="Endometriosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html" id="1886" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El útero, o matriz, es el lugar donde se desarrolla el bebé cuando una persona está embarazada. El endometrio es el tejido que recubre el interior del útero. La endometriosis es una enfermedad en la que el tipo de tejido que es similar al revestimiento del útero crece fuera de éste. Estos parches de tejido se llaman "implantes", "nódulos" o "lesiones". Se encuentran más a menudo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En o debajo de los ovarios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En las trompas de Falopio, que llevan óvulos desde los ovarios hasta el útero&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Detrás del útero&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En los tejidos que sostienen el útero en su lugar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En los intestinos o vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de la endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la endometriosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La endometriosis puede afectar a cualquier persona que tiene menstruaciones. Ciertos factores pueden aumentar o disminuir su riesgo de tenerla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted está en mayor riesgo si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene una madre, hermana o hija con endometriosis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su período comenzó antes de los 11 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus ciclos mensuales son cortos (menos de 27 días)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sus ciclos menstruales son intensos y duran más de 7 días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Tiene un menor riesgo si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha estado embarazada antes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus periodos comenzaron tarde en la adolescencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Da pecho a su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los principales síntomas de la endometriosis son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html"&gt;Dolor pélvico&lt;/a&gt; que con frecuencia ocurre durante su período&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Otros posibles síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/periodpain.html"&gt;Calambres menstruales dolorosos&lt;/a&gt;: Estos pueden empeorar con el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor durante o después de las relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor en los intestinos o parte baja del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;Períodos&lt;/a&gt; con flujo intenso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Manchas o sangrado&lt;/a&gt; entre períodos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Síntomas gastrointestinales o digestivos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fatiga o falta de energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cirugía es la única forma de saber con certeza si tiene endometriosis. Sin embargo, primero, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica. Le harán un examen pélvico y posiblemente algunas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cirugía más común para diagnosticar la endometriosis es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/"&gt;laparoscopia&lt;/a&gt;. Este e tipo de cirugía utiliza un laparoscopio, un tubo delgado con una cámara y luz. El cirujano inserta el laparoscopio a través de un pequeño corte en la piel cerca de su ombligo. El profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico basado en cómo se ven los parches de endometriosis. También puede hacer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; para obtener una muestra de tejido.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la endometriosis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para la endometriosis, pero hay tratamientos para los síntomas. Su profesional de la salud colaborará con usted para decidir qué tratamientos son los mejores para su caso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el dolor por endometriosis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyendo medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides como el ibuprofeno y un medicamento recetado específicamente para la endometriosis. Los proveedores a veces pueden recetar opioides para el dolor severo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia hormonal&lt;/strong&gt;: Impide que los ovarios produzcan hormonas. Esto puede retardar el crecimiento del tejido endometrial y puede dificultar que crezcan nuevas áreas. Los tipos de terapia hormonal incluyen:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Pastillas anticonceptivas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia con progestinas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina (GnRH) (agonistas y antagonistas de GnRH): Estos medicamentos provocan una menopausia temporal. Después de dejar de tomar los medicamentos, sus períodos menstruales comenzarán nuevamente y es posible que quede embarazada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamientos quirúrgicos para el dolor intenso&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyendo procedimientos para extirpar los parches de endometriosis o cortar algunos nervios en la pelvis. La operación puede ser una laparoscopia o cirugía mayor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la infertilidad causada por la endometriosis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Laparoscopia &lt;/strong&gt;para extirpar los parches de endometriosis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;Fertilización in vitro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979">Infertilidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033">Menstruación</related-topic>
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<site title="Endometriosis: nutrición y ejercicio" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/endometriosis-nutricion-y-ejercicio/">
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<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostica la endometriosis un proveedor de servicios de salud?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/endometri/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometri/conditioninfo/diagnose">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La endoscopia permite al doctor ver el interior de su cuerpo. Existen varios tipos: Laparoscopia, colonoscopia, etc. Entérese sobre otros tipos aquí." title="Endoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html" id="4514" language="Spanish" date-created="08/16/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una endoscopía es un procedimiento que permite que el médico vea el interior de su cuerpo. Utiliza un instrumento llamado endoscopio o tubo visor. Los endoscopios tienen una cámara diminuta unida a un tubo largo y delgado. El médico lo mueve a través de una cavidad, órgano hueco o apertura del cuerpo para ver el interior de un órgano. Algunas veces, los endoscopios se usan para cirugía, como en el caso de la extirpación de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;pólipos&lt;/a&gt;  del colon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos distintos de endoscopías. Estos son algunos de sus nombres y los órganos que se observan.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Artroscopía: Articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Broncoscopía: Pulmones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;Colonoscopía&lt;/a&gt; y sigmoidoscopía: Intestino grueso &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cistoscopía y ureteroscopía: sistema urinario &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/"&gt;Laparoscopia&lt;/a&gt;: Abdomen o pelvis &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Endoscopía gastrointestinal superior: Esófago y estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
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<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html" id="4513" language="English">Endoscopy</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Alta tras una esofagogastroduodenoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Anoscopia y anoscopia de alta resolución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Artroscopia de la muñeca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007585.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia del tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007584.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía laparoscópica" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/cirugia-laparoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/laparoscopic-surgery-what-is-it">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía laparoscópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100166_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100166_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/colposcopy/about/pac-20385036?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/colposcopy/about/pac-20385036?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cápsula endoscópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007642.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia capsular" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se garantiza la seguridad de su procedimiento endoscópico" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-se-garantiza-la-seguridad-de-su-procedimiento-endosc%C3%B3pico-peb14s" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb14">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía endoscópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007646.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003338.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/diagnostico-y-etapa-del-cancer/pruebas/endoscopia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/diagnosis-staging/tests/endoscopy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007627.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagogastroduodenoscopia (EGD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003888.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia diagnóstica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100167_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100167_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007593.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Endoscopy is a procedure that lets your doctor look inside your body. Read more about how endoscopy works and why it's done." title="Endoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html" id="4513" language="English" date-created="08/16/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Endoscopy is a procedure that lets your doctor look inside your body. It uses an instrument called an endoscope, or scope for short.  Scopes have a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube. The doctor moves it through a body passageway or opening to see inside an organ. Sometimes scopes are used for surgery, such as for removing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;polyps&lt;/a&gt; from the colon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many different kinds of endoscopy. Here are the names of some of them and where they look.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arthroscopy: joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronchoscopy: lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;Colonoscopy&lt;/a&gt; and sigmoidoscopy: large intestine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy: urinary system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/"&gt;Laparoscopy&lt;/a&gt;: abdomen or pelvis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: esophagus and stomach &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html" id="4514" language="Spanish">Endoscopia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004724">Endoscopy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/endoscopy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="Adrenal Gland Removal (Adrenalectomy)" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/adrenal-gland-removal-adrenalectomy-patient-information-from-sages/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
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<site title="Ankle arthroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007584.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Capsule endoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007642.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capsule Endoscopy" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Endoscopy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=endoscopy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="EGD - esophagogastroduodenoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003888.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="EGD discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Endoscopic ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007646.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopy" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/diagnosis-staging/tests/endoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/diagnostico-y-etapa-del-cancer/pruebas/endoscopia.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003338.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ERCP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100166_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100166_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic Surgery -- What Is It?" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/laparoscopic-surgery-what-is-it" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/cirugia-laparoscopica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laryngoscopy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laryngoscopy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laryngoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100167_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100167_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal endoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007627.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Endoscopy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Endoscopy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sedation for Endoscopy" url="https://gi.org/topics/sedation-for-endoscopy/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper Endoscopy for Kids" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Ureteroscopy" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/ureteroscopy">
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</site>
<site title="Ureteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007593.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Ventral Hernia Repair Surgery" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-ventral-hernia-repair-from-sages/">
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<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="En la enfermedad arterial periférica, los vasos sanguíneos fuera del corazón se estrechan. Una enfermedad vascular puede ser la causa. Entérese sobre otras" title="Enfermedad arterial periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4084" language="Spanish" date-created="07/12/2005">
<also-called>EAP</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad vascular periférica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad arterial periférica ocurre cuando hay un estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos fuera del corazón. La causa de esta enfermedad es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. Esto sucede cuando placa se acumula en las paredes de las arterias que abastecen de sangre a brazos y piernas. La placa es una sustancia compuesta por grasa y colesterol y hace que las arterias se estrechen o se obstruyan. Esto puede reducir o interrumpir el flujo de sangre, generalmente hacia las piernas. Si la obstrucción del flujo sanguíneo es lo suficientemente grave, puede causar la muerte de los tejidos y, a veces, la amputación del pie o la pierna. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El principal factor de riesgo de la enfermedad arterial periférica es el fumar. Otros incluyen el envejecimiento y afecciones como la diabetes, colesterol alto, presión arterial alta, enfermedad cardiaca y accidente cerebrovascular. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas que tienen enfermedad arterial periférica no presentan síntomas. Si usted tiene síntomas, estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor, entumecimiento, molestia o pesadez en los músculos de las piernas. Esto ocurre al caminar o subir escaleras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pulso débil o ausente en piernas o pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Heridas o llagas en los dedos de los pies, pies o piernas que tardan en sanar, no sanan o sanan mal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Color pálido o azulado de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Temperatura más baja en una de las piernas comparada a la otra&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Poco crecimiento de las uñas de los pies o del pelo en las piernas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disfunción eréctil, especialmente en hombres diabéticos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad arterial periférica puede aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;infarto&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;ataque isquémico transitorio&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican la enfermedad arterial periférica con un examen físico y pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen cambios en el estilo de vida, medicinas y, a veces, cirugía. Cambios en el estilo de vida incluyen modificaciones en la dieta, ejercicio y esfuerzos para bajar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; alto y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;hipertensión&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4083" language="English">Peripheral Arterial Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html" id="4064">Enfermedades de las arterias carótidas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html" id="1822">Problemas circulatorios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="2269">Trombosis venosa profunda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html" id="2217">Várices</related-topic>
<see-reference>Claudicación</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras angioplastia y colocación de stent en arterias periféricas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000234.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000234.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras derivación arterial periférica en la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000239.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000239.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de una extremidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003772.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia y colocación de stent en arterias periféricas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007393.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía y stent vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioplasty" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003327.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriopatía periférica en las piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000170.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriopatía periférica oclusiva" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica-oclusiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/peripheral-arterial-disease/occlusive-peripheral-arterial-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de derivación arterial periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100155_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100155_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Claudicación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con las úlceras isquémicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales: Arteriopatía periférica de las piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000577.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación de arterias periféricas en la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007394.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia-doppler/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler de un brazo o de una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003775.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía dúplex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003433.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad arterial periférica (PAD)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pad">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad arterial periférica y claudicación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-arterial-periferica-y-claudicacion-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peripheral-arterial-disease-and-claudication/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal ateroembólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000480.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad vascular periférica" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedad-vascular-periferica/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/peripheral-vascular-disease/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión renovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000204.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la arteriopatía periférica funcional" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica-funcional" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/peripheral-arterial-disease/overview-of-functional-peripheral-arterial-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pletismografía de las extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007288.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tromboangeítis obliterante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000172.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la arteriopatía periférica?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/arteriopatia-periferica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/peripheral-artery-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Índice tobillo-brazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los celíacos tienen intolerancia al glúten. No pueden consumirlo porque daña su intestino delgado. Dieta, síntomas y más aquí." title="Enfermedad celíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Celiaquía</also-called>
<also-called>Enteropatía por sensibilidad al gluten</also-called>
<also-called>Esprúe celíaco</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad celíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;La enfermedad celíaca es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html"&gt;trastorno digestivo&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; crónico (a largo plazo) que daña el intestino delgado. El daño puede impedir que su cuerpo absorba &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; y otros nutrientes de los alimentos que consume. Esto puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html"&gt;desnutrición&lt;/a&gt; y otros problemas de salud graves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad celíaca se presenta por comer alimentos que contienen gluten. El gluten es una proteína que se encuentra en el trigo, la cebada, el centeno y otros cereales. También puede estar en otros productos como vitaminas y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplementos&lt;/a&gt;, productos para el cabello y la piel, pastas dentales y protectores labiales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad celíaca es diferente de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glutensensitivity.html"&gt;sensibilidad al gluten&lt;/a&gt;. Ambas implican problemas con el gluten y pueden causar algunos de los mismos síntomas, como dolor abdominal y fatiga. Pero la sensibilidad al gluten no daña el intestino delgado como lo hace la enfermedad celíaca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La alergia al trigo, un tipo de alergia alimentaria, también es diferente. Tanto con la enfermedad celíaca como con la alergia al trigo, su sistema inmunitario reacciona al trigo. Pero con la alergia al trigo, puede tener síntomas diferentes, como picazón en los ojos o problemas para respirar. Además, la alergia al trigo no causa daños a largo plazo al intestino delgado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad celíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa exacta de la enfermedad celíaca. La investigación sugiere que la enfermedad celíaca solo ocurre en 
personas que tienen ciertos genes y comen alimentos que contienen gluten. Los investigadores están estudiando otros factores que pueden tener un papel en la causa de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedad celíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;La enfermedad celíaca es más común si usted:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene un familiar con la enfermedad&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Down&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Turner&lt;/a&gt; o síndrome de Williams&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Es caucásico&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Es mujer&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad celíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la enfermedad celíaca pueden ser diferentes de persona a persona. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. Algunas personas pueden no notar ningún síntoma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los posibles síntomas afectan el sistema digestivo. Los síntomas digestivos son más comunes en niños que en adultos. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hinchazón (sensación de llenura en el abdomen)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt; crónica (a largo plazo) o heces grasosas, voluminosas e inusualmente malolientes &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html"&gt;Gases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;Intolerancia a la lactosa&lt;/a&gt; por el daño en el intestino delgado&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso en adultos o no suficiente aumento de peso en niños&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con enfermedad celíaca tienen síntomas que afectan otras partes del cuerpo, como:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad (en niños)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dermatitis herpetiforme, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; con picazón y ampollas (principalmente en adultos)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dolor de huesos o articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Síntomas relacionados con la boca, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html"&gt;aftas bucales&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;boca seca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad celíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, la enfermedad celíaca puede causar otros problemas de salud, especialmente si no se trata. Estos pueden 
incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desnutrición&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente por deficiencia de hierro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt;Pérdida ósea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas del sistema nervioso&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;problemas de equilibrio&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;neuropatía periférica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Problemas reproductivos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;periódos menstruales&lt;/a&gt; irregulares y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;abortos espontáneos&lt;/a&gt; en mujeres e infertilidad en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html"&gt;hombres&lt;/a&gt; y mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad celíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene síntomas de la enfermedad celíaca, su profesional de la salud buscará signos de que podría tener la enfermedad celíaca. Para ello, su proveedor analizará su historia clínica y familiar y le hará un examen físico.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si su profesional de la salud piensa que usted puede tener enfermedad celíaca, le hará algunas pruebas. Los proveedores suelen utilizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-enfermedad-celiaca/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsias&lt;/a&gt; del intestino delgado para diagnosticar la enfermedad celíaca. La biopsia se hace durante una endoscopia gastrointestinal superior. Para este procedimiento, su proveedor usa un endoscopio (tubo flexible con una cámara) para ver el revestimiento de su esófago, estómago e intestino delgado. También permite tomar una muestra de tejido para una biopsia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad celíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la enfermedad celíaca es seguir una dieta libre de gluten por el resto de su vida. Una dieta sin gluten trata o evita muchos de los síntomas y otros problemas de salud causados por la enfermedad celíaca. En la mayoría de los casos, también puede curar el daño en el intestino delgado y prevenir más daño.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un dietista registrado (experto en nutrición) que puede ayudarle a aprender cómo llevar una dieta saludable sin gluten. También deberá evitar todas las fuentes ocultas de gluten, como ciertos suplementos, cosméticos y pasta de dientes, entre otros. A veces, leer las etiquetas de los productos puede ayudar a evitar el gluten. Si una etiqueta no indica si contiene un producto, consulte con la compañía que fabrica el producto para obtener una lista de ingredientes. No asuma que un producto no contiene gluten si no lo menciona. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897" language="English">Celiac Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glutensensitivity.html" id="6245">Sensibilidad al gluten</related-topic>
<see-reference>Celíaca, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Absorción de la D-xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentos, dieta y nutrición para la enfermedad celíaca" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-celiaca/alimentos-dietas-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/eating-diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aprenda sobre las dietas sin gluten" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000813.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celiaquía" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-celiaca-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/celiac-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celiaquía (enfermedad celíaca)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000233.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consideraciones nutricionales para la celiaquía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002443.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis herpetiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001480.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico de la enfermedad celíaca" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-celiaca/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta libre de gluten" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dieta-sin-gluten/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta sin gluten: Guía para las familias" url="https://gikids.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/138015-NASPGHAN-Gluten-Free-Guide-Spanish_Proof1.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad celíaca" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-celiaca" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad celíaca" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/celiac.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/celiac.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad celíaca" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/celiac.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/celiac.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad celíaca" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/celiac-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de albúmina en sangre (sérica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003480.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gluten y la enfermedad celíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/gluten-y-la-enfermedad-celiaca/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/gluten-and-celiac-disease/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para iniciar una dieta sin gluten" url="https://gluten.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EDU_Getting-Started-on-a-GF-Diet-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/14/getting-started-on-a-gluten-free-diet/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de enfermedad celíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-enfermedad-celiaca/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/celiac-disease-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas de la enfermedad celíaca" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-celiaca/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la enfermedad celíaca" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-celiaca/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Addison ocurre cuando las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficientes hormonas. Siga leyendo para saber sobre síntomas y tratamiento." title="Enfermedad de Addison" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html" id="1722" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Insuficiencia adrenal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las glándulas suprarrenales se localizan justo arriba de los riñones. La capa externa de estas glándulas produce hormonas que ayudan al cuerpo a responder al estrés, regulan la presión sanguínea y el equilibrio del agua y sal en el cuerpo. La enfermedad de Addison ocurre cuando las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficientes hormonas.
Este enfermeadad suele ser a consecuencia de un problema con el sistema inmunitario. El sistema inmunitario ataca equivocadamente sus propios tejidos y daña las glándulas suprarrenales. Otras causas pueden ser algunas infecciones y cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fatiga que empeora con el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Baja presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Piel oscura o manchada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen pruebas de laboratorio que pueden confirmar si padece de la enfermedad de Addison. Si no se trata, puede ser mortal. Necesitará tomar pastillas de hormonas por el resto de su vida. Si padece de la enfermedad de Addison deberá llevar consigo una tarjeta de identificación en caso de urgencia. Esta deberá mencionar que usted padece dicha enfermedad e indicar sus medicinas y las dosis que necesita en caso de urgencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html" id="1233" language="English">Addison Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="1724">Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Addison, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Addison" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350293?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350293?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Addison" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000378.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Addison" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-addison-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/addisons-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Addison: Diagnóstico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350296?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350296?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de corticotropina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la excreción de aldosterona urinaria en 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003621.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de orina para 17-hidroxicorticosteroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003459.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia suprarrenal aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000357.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia suprarrenal y enfermedad de Addison" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/insuficiencia-suprarrenal-enfermedad-addison" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/adrenal-insufficiency-addisons-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de aldosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cortisol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estimulación con corticotropina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003696.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de renina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Alzheimer es un trastorno cerebral irreversible y progresivo que destruye lentamente la memoria y las habilidades de pensamiento. Es la causa más común de demencia en personas mayores." title="Enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html" id="1736" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la forma más común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt; entre las personas mayores. La demencia es un trastorno cerebral que afecta gravemente la capacidad de una persona de llevar a cabo sus actividades diarias.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El Alzheimer comienza lentamente. Primero afecta las partes del cerebro que controlan el pensamiento, la memoria y el lenguaje. Las personas con el mal pueden tener dificultades para recordar cosas que ocurrieron en forma reciente o los nombres de personas que conocen. Un problema relacionado, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html"&gt;deterioro cognitivo leve&lt;/a&gt;, causa más problemas de memoria que los normales en personas de la misma edad. Muchos, pero no toda la gente con deterioro cognitivo leve, desarrollarán Alzheimer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, los síntomas del Alzheimer empeoran. Las personas pueden no reconocer a sus familiares. Pueden tener dificultades para hablar, leer o escribir. Pueden olvidar cómo cepillarse los dientes o peinarse el cabello. Más adelante, pueden volverse ansiosos o agresivos o deambular lejos de su casa. Finalmente, necesitan cuidados totales. Esto puede ser muy estresante para los familiares que deben encargarse de sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html"&gt;cuidados&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El Alzheimer suele comenzar después de los 60 años. El riesgo aumenta a medida que la persona envejece. El riesgo es mayor si hay personas en la familia que tuvieron la enfermedad.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ningún tratamiento puede detener la enfermedad. Sin embargo, algunos fármacos pueden ayudar a impedir por un tiempo limitado que los síntomas empeoren. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22" language="English">Alzheimer's Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html" id="1846">Demencia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5742">Deterioro cognitivo leve</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html" id="2029">Memoria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html" id="2232">Proveedor de atención al paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="2246">Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alzheimer, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="10 señales y síntomas tempranos del Alzheimer y la demencia" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/las-10-senales" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/10_signs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adentro del cerebro Un recorrido de cómo funciona la mente" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/que-es-la-enfermedad-de-alzheimer/adentro-del-cerebro" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_4719.asp">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
<standard-description>Tutorial interactivo</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer de inicio precoz" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/alzheimer-de-inicio-precoz/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/early-onset-alzheimers/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimers.gov" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asuntos financieros y las personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/planificacion-legal-financiera/asuntos-financieros-personas-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/legal-and-financial-planning-people-alzheimers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia cortical posterior" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/posterior-cortical-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376560?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/posterior-cortical-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376560?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a los familiares y a otros a entender la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/ayudar-familiares-otros-entender-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-relationships/helping-family-and-friends-understand-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la intimidad y la sexualidad relacionados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-intimidad-sexualidad-relacionados-enfermedad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/changes-intimacy-and-sexuality-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la personalidad y la conducta relacionados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-personalidad-conducta-relacionados-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/alzheimers-caregiving-coping-hallucinations">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en las habilidades de comunicación relacionados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-habilidades-comunicacion-relacionados" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/communicating-someone-who-has-alzheimers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Causas y factores de riesgo" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/causas-y-factores-de-riesgo?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros de Investigación de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Centros Nacionales de Investigación y recursos locales" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/centros-nacionales-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/national-research-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciertos antioxidantes pueden reducir el riesgo de demencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ciertos-antioxidantes-pueden-reducir-el-riesgo-de-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/certain-antioxidants-may-lower-dementia-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comportamientos (y la enfermedad de Alzheimer)" url="https://www.alz.org/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado/comportamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/stages-behaviors">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la demencia en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambia la enfermedad de Alzheimer al cerebro" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDvdSnqqeSg">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo participar en un estudio clínico sobre la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/estudios-clinicos/como-participar-estudio-clinico-sobre-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico (de la enfermedad de Alzheimer)" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/diagnostico?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación del cerebro: Un regalo para las generaciones futuras" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/donacion-cerebro/donacion-cerebro-regalo-generaciones-futuras" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-donation/brain-donation-gift-future-generations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre estudios clínicos" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/estudios-clinicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/volunteer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-alzheimer-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/alzheimers-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000003.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Alzheimer y la depresión" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-y-enfermedad-de-alzheimer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-and-alzheimers-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Hoja informativa" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-dementia/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Etapas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/etapas?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/stages">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del estado mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/evaluacion-riesgo-desarrollar-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/thinking-about-your-risk-alzheimers-disease-five">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genética de la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alzheimer-causas-factores-riesgo/genetica-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/alzheimers-disease-genetics-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Investigaciones sobre la enfermedad de Alzheimer y las demencias relacionadas" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/acciones/investigaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/taking-action/research-activities">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal de Alzheimer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000760.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para tratar los síntomas y conductas asociados con el Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidado-medico-enfermedad-alzheimer/medicamentos-tratar-sintomas-conductas-asociados">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Más allá de los análisis básicos de sangre" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nuevo análisis de sangre podría predecir la enfermedad del Alzheimer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/nuevo-analisis-de-sangre-podria-predecir-la-enfermedad-del" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/new-blood-test-may-predict-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palabras para aprender sobre el cuidado de alguien con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/palabras-aprender-sobre-cuidado-alguien-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pasos a seguir después de ser diagnosticado con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidado-medico-enfermedad-alzheimer/pasos-seguir-despues-ser-diagnosticado-enfermedad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-treatment/next-steps-after-alzheimers-diagnosis">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del Alzheimer: ¿Existe?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/alzheimers-prevention/faq-20058140?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/alzheimers-prevention/faq-20058140?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas médicos comunes en las personas con Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidado-medico-enfermedad-alzheimer/problemas-medicos-comunes-personas-alzheimer">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recursos para personas con Alzheimer o alguna demencia relacionada" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/recursos-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/resources-dementia">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome vespertino: Desorientación en las últimas horas de la tarde" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/faq-20058511?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/expert-answers/sundowning/FAQ-20058511?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenga cuidado con las falsas promesas de las supuestas curas para el Alzheimer" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-las-falsas-promesas-de-las-supuestas-curas-para-el-alzheimer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tengo Alzheimer" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/i-have-alz">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos (enfermedad de Alzheimer)" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimer-demencia/tratamientos?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_treatments.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se trata la enfermedad de Alzheimer?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidado-medico-enfermedad-alzheimer/como-se-trata-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-treatment/how-alzheimers-disease-treated">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es la enfermedad de Alzheimer o demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/alzheimer/la-enfermedad-de-alzheimer-y-la-demencia/es-la-enfermedad-de-alzheimer-o-demencia-con" language-mapped-url="https://www.brightfocus.org/alzheimers/about/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Bright Focus</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Alzheimer?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/causa-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/what-causes-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la enfermedad de Alzheimer?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Chagas es causada por la vinchuca (chinche), un insecto. Es común en América Latina. Síntomas, tratamientos y prevención." title="Enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chagasdisease.html" id="3661" language="Spanish" date-created="12/09/2003">
<also-called>Mal de Chagas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad de Chagas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Chagas, también conocida como tripanosomiasis americana, es una afección que puede causar problemas serios al corazón y estómago. Es una enfermedad &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasitaria&lt;/a&gt; común en Latinoamérica, especialmente en áreas rurales y de escasos recursos. También se encuentra en los Estados Unidos, más a menudo en personas que se infectaron antes de llegar al país.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Chagas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Chagas es causada por el parásito &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma cruzi&lt;/i&gt;. Por lo general, se transmite a través de insectos infectados que chupan la sangre, llamados triatominos. También se conocen como vinchucas (o en ciertas zonas como "chinche gaucha", "chinche besucona", "chupadora", "voladora", "barbeiros" o "chipos") porque a menudo muerden la cara de las personas. Cuando uno de estos insectos pica, deja excrementos infectados. Puede infectarse si se rasca en los ojos o la nariz, la herida de la picadura o un corte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Chagas también puede propagarse a través de alimentos contaminados, una transfusión de sangre, un órgano donado o de la persona gestante (embarazada) al bebé durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene mayor probabilidad de tener la enfermedad de Chagas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vinchucas se pueden encontrar en todo el continente americano, pero son más comunes en ciertas áreas. Las personas con mayor riesgo de contraer la enfermedad de Chagas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Viven en zonas rurales de Latinoamérica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Han visto los insectos, especialmente en esas áreas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se han quedado en casas con techo de paja o con paredes con grietas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Chagas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Al principio, puede no haber síntomas. Algunas personas tienen síntomas leves, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor de cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diarrea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Párpado hinchado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En general, estos primeros síntomas desaparecen. Sin embargo, si no trata la infección, ésta permanece en el cuerpo. Más tarde, puede causar graves problemas intestinales y cardíacos como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt; severa (un problema con el ritmo o los latidos del corazón) que puede causar muerte súbita&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Corazón agrandado que no bombea sangre bien&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas con la digestión y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html"&gt;evacuación de las heces&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mayor probabilidad de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Chagas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene enfermedad de Chagas, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo acerca de sus síntomas y dónde ha vivido y viajado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer un análisis de sangre para la enfermedad de Chagas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer pruebas para ver si la enfermedad ha afectado los intestinos y el corazón&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se trata la enfermedad de Chagas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos pueden matar al parásito, especialmente al principio. También se pueden tratar los problemas relacionados, por ejemplo, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;marcapasos&lt;/a&gt; ayuda con algunas complicaciones cardíacas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad de Chagas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existen vacunas o medicamentos para prevenir la enfermedad de Chagas. Si &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html"&gt;viaja&lt;/a&gt; a zonas afectadas, usted está en mayor riesgo si duerme al aire libre o en viviendas en mala condición. Es importante usar insecticidas para prevenir las picaduras, y la práctica de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;seguridad con los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chagasdisease.html" id="3660" language="English">Chagas Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chagas, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chagas, Mal de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mal de Chagas</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se propaga la enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/spreads/como-se-propaga-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/site.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001372.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001372.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chagas-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20356212?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Chagas (tripanosomiasis americana)" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Chagas: Hoja informativa" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/es/informativa_breve.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/onepage.pdf">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pedrito y la enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/historieta-para-ninos-salvador-pedrito-enfermedad-chagas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteja a su bebé de la enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/es/chagas_protect_your_baby_es.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/resources/chagas_protect_your_baby.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico clínicos para la enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/hcp/diagnosis-testing/pruebas-y-diagnostico-clinicos-para-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/diagnosis-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/treatment/tratamiento-de-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CTM), afecta los nervios periféricos. Infórmese sobre los síntomas y cómo vivir con una enfermedad neuromuscular aquí." title="Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/charcotmarietoothdisease.html" id="1806" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Disfunción del nervio peroneo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT, por sus siglas en inglés) es un grupo de trastornos nerviosos genéticos. Su nombre se debe a los tres médicos que la identificaron por primera vez. En los Estados Unidos, la CMT afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 2.500 personas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad CMT afecta los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;nervios periféricos&lt;/a&gt;. Los nervios periféricos conducen las señales de movimiento y de sensaciones entre el cerebro, la médula espinal y el resto del cuerpo. Los síntomas suelen comenzar durante la adolescencia. Los problemas en los pies, tales como el pie arqueado (arco pronunciado) o los dedos en martillo, pueden ser los primeros síntomas. A medida que la CMT avanza, la parte inferior de las piernas puede debilitarse. Más adelante, las manos también pueden debilitarse.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican esta enfermedad mediante un examen neurológico, pruebas genéticas o biopsias de los nervios. No existe una cura. La enfermedad puede ser tan leve que no perciba que la tiene o ser lo suficientemente severa para debilitarlo. La fisioterapia, la terapia ocupacional, los aparatos ortopédicos y otros dispositivos y, en algunos casos, la cirugía pueden ayudarlo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/charcotmarietoothdisease.html" id="1260" language="English">Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11876/enfermedad-de-charcot-marie-tooth/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-charcot-marie-tooth" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/charcot-marie-tooth-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000727.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000727.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades musculares: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades neurodegenerativas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía periférica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuropatia-periferica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/peripheral-neuropathy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob es un trastorno cerebral degenerativo poco común. Está relacionada con la enfermedad en las vacas locas. Síntomas. " title="Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1840" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Encefalopatía espongiforme</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad de la vaca loca</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD, por sus siglas en inglés) es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html"&gt;trastorno cerebral degenerativo&lt;/a&gt; poco común. Los síntomas suelen comenzar alrededor de los 60 años de edad. Problemas con la memoria, cambios en la conducta, problemas con la vista y la mala coordinación muscular conducen rápidamente hacia la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt;, el coma y la muerte. La mayoría de los pacientes muere en el primer año.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres categorías principales de CJD:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	CJD esporádica, que ocurre sin ningún motivo conocido&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	CJD hereditaria, que tiene tendencia familiar &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	CJD adquirida, que ocurre por el contacto con tejido infectado, generalmente durante un procedimiento médico &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El ganado puede adquirir una enfermedad relacionada con la enfermedad CJD llamada encefalopatía espongiforme bovina o "enfermedad de la vaca loca". Existe preocupación de que las personas adquieran una variante de la CJD por comer carne de animales infectados, pero no hay prueba directa que lo confirme.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1242" language="English">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>EEB</see-reference>
<see-reference>Encefalopatía espongiforme bovina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad de la vaca loca</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vaca loca, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/enfermedades-por-priones/enfermedad-de-creutzfeldt-jakob-ecj">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-creutzfeldt-jakob" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000788.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kuru" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001379.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Crohn causa inflamación del sistema digestivo. Infórmese sobre los síntomas y manejo de ésta enfermedad aquí." title="Enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html" id="1842" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad de Crohn?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Crohn es una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) que causa inflamación en el tracto digestivo. Puede afectar cualquier parte de este tracto, que va desde su boca hasta su ano. Pero, en general, afecta el intestino delgado y el comienzo del intestino grueso.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Crohn es una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerosa&lt;/a&gt; y la colitis microscópica son otros tipos comunes de este trastorno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Crohn?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la enfermedad de Crohn. Los investigadores piensan que una reacción autoinmune puede ser una de las causas. Una reacción autoinmune ocurre cuando su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; ataca las células sanas de su cuerpo. La genética también puede tener un rol, ya que la enfermedad de Crohn puede darse en familias.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El estrés y el consumo de ciertos alimentos no causan la enfermedad, pero pueden empeorar sus síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedad de Crohn?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay ciertos factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad de Crohn, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares&lt;/strong&gt; de la enfermedad: Tener un padre, un hijo o un hermano con la enfermedad lo pone en mayor riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; puede duplicar su riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;píldoras anticonceptivas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="../spanish/painrelievers.html" tid="4060"&gt;medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE)&lt;/a&gt; como la aspirina o el ibuprofeno: Estos pueden aumentar ligeramente sus posibilidades de desarrollar Crohn&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Una dieta alta en grasas&lt;/strong&gt; también puede aumentar ligeramente su riesgo de enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Crohn?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la enfermedad de Crohn pueden variar, dependiendo de dónde y qué tan grave sea su inflamación. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres y dolor abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros posibles síntomas son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;: Afección en la que tiene menos glóbulos rojos de lo normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enrojecimiento o dolor en los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o sensibilidad en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas&lt;/a&gt; o pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en la piel donde aparecen protuberancias rojas y sensibles debajo de la epidermis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El estrés y el consumo de ciertos alimentos, como las bebidas gaseosas y los alimentos ricos en fibra, pueden empeorar los síntomas de algunas personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad de Crohn?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Crohn puede causar otros problemas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;Obstrucción intestinal&lt;/a&gt;: Un bloqueo en el intestino&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html"&gt;Fístulas&lt;/a&gt;: Conexiones anormales entre dos partes dentro del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html"&gt;Abscesos&lt;/a&gt;: Cavidad infectada llenas de pus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fisuras anales: Pequeñas lesiones en el ano que pueden causar picazón, dolor o sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Úlceras: Llagas abiertas en la boca, intestinos, ano o perineo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html"&gt;Desnutrición&lt;/a&gt;: Cuando su cuerpo no obtiene la cantidad adecuada de vitaminas, minerales y nutrientes que necesita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación en otras áreas del cuerpo como articulaciones, ojos y piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Crohn?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sus antecedentes familiares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Verificar la hinchazón en su abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escuchar sonidos dentro de su abdomen usando un estetoscopio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Golpear suavemente su abdomen para verificar la sensibilidad y el dolor y para ver si su hígado o bazo está anormal o agrandado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Varias pruebas, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre y heces&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;Colonoscopía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Endoscopía digestiva alta: Procedimiento en el cual su proveedor utiliza un endoscopio para observar dentro de su boca, esófago, estómago e intestino delgado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; o una serie gastrointestinal superior: Una serie gastrointestinal superior utiliza un líquido especial llamado bario y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;rayos X&lt;/a&gt;. Tomar el bario hará que su tracto gastrointestinal superior se vea mejor en una radiografía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Crohn?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para la enfermedad de Crohn, pero los tratamientos pueden disminuir la inflamación de los intestinos, aliviar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, reposo intestinal y cirugía. Ningún tratamiento único funciona para todos los pacientes. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden trabajar juntos para determinar el mejor tratamiento para usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para el Crohn incluyen varias medicinas que disminuyen la inflamación. Muchos de estos medicamentos lo logran al bajar la actividad de su sistema inmunitario. Ciertos medicamentos también pueden ayudar con los síntomas o complicaciones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; y medicamentos antidiarreicos. Si su Crohn causa una infección, es posible que necesite antibióticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reposo intestinal&lt;/strong&gt; significa beber solo ciertos líquidos o no comer ni beber nada. Esto permite que sus intestinos descansen. Es posible que deba reposar si sus síntomas son graves. Los nutrientes se obtienen al beber un líquido, o a través de una sonda de alimentación o una sonda intravenosa. Es posible que para ello deba permanecer en el hospital, o hacerlo en casa. Puede durar desde unos pocos días o hasta varias semanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; puede tratar complicaciones y reducir los síntomas cuando otros tratamientos no ayudan lo suficiente. La operación implica la extracción de la parte dañada de su tracto digestivo para resolver:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fístulas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;Sangrado&lt;/a&gt; potencialmente mortal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obstrucciones intestinales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos cuando amenazan su salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Síntomas que no mejoran con los medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cambiar su dieta puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas. Su proveedor puede recomendarle que realice cambios en su dieta, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar las bebidas carbonatadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar las palomitas de maíz, cáscaras de vegetales, nueces y otros alimentos ricos en fibra&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber más líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumir comidas más pequeñas con más frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llevar un diario de alimentos para ayudar a identificar los alimentos que causan problemas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede pedirle que siga una dieta especial, como una que sea:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alta en calorías&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sin lactosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baja en grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baja en fibra&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baja en sal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si no absorbe suficientes nutrientes, es posible que necesite tomar suplementos nutricionales y vitaminas.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html" id="119" language="English">Crohn's Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="2210">Colitis ulcerativa</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html" id="1830">Enfermedades del colon</related-topic>
<see-reference>Crohn, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intestino, Enfermedad inflamatoria</see-reference>
<site title="Absorción de la D-xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta de niños con enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000937.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000937.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras colectomía o proctocolectomía total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000194.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000249_106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000249_49.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia capsular" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en fibra y residuos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/crohns-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=crohns-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-crohn" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/crohns-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000249.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria del intestino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ibd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-inflamatoria-intestinal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/inflammatory-bowel-disease.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ibd.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100171_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100171_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/enfermedades-inflamatorias-del-intestino/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inflammatory-bowel-disease-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroclisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003818.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de albúmina en sangre (sérica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003480.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glóbulos blancos en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/globulos-blancos-en-las-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-cell-wbc-in-stool/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Megacolon tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000248.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas intestinales: Dolor, flatulencia, hinchazón y más" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total con ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calprotectina fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino corto" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/malabsorci%C3%B3n/s%C3%ADndrome-del-intestino-corto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento nutricional y enfermedad de Crohn" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nutrition-crohns.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nutrition-crohns.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
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</site>
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</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se trata la enfermedad de Crohn?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/enfermedad-crohn/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/crohns-disease/treatment">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de células falciformes es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios que afectan los glóbulos rojos. Puede causar dolor, anemia y otros problemas. Obtenga información sobre los tratamientos." title="Enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html" id="2146" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Anemia causada por drepanocitos</also-called>
<also-called>Anemia drepanocítica</also-called>
<also-called>Anemia falciforme</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad de células falciformes</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad de la hemoglobina SS (Hb SS)</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad de células falciformes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de células falciformes es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios de los glóbulos rojos. Si la tiene, hay un problema con su hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína en los glóbulos rojos que transporta el oxígeno por todo el cuerpo. En la enfermedad de células falciformes, la hemoglobina tiene forma de barras rígidas dentro de los glóbulos rojos. Esto cambia la forma de los glóbulos rojos. Se supone que las células tienen forma de disco, pero en cambio tienen forma de medialuna o de hoz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las células en forma de hoz no son flexibles y no pueden cambiar de forma fácilmente. Muchas de ellas se rompen al movilizarse a través de sus vasos sanguíneos. Las células falciformes por lo general solo duran de 10 a 20 días, en lugar de los 90 a 120 días normales. Su cuerpo puede tener problemas para crear suficientes células nuevas para reemplazar las que perdió. Por ello, es posible que no tenga suficientes glóbulos rojos. A esto se le llama anemia y puede hacer que se sienta cansado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las células en forma de hoz también pueden atascarse a las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos, causando un bloqueo que hace más lento o detiene el flujo de sangre. Cuando esto sucede, el oxígeno no puede llegar a los tejidos cercanos. La falta de oxígeno puede causar ataques de dolor repentino y severo, llamados crisis de dolor. Estos ataques pueden ocurrir sin previo aviso. Si sufre alguno, es posible que deba ir al hospital para recibir tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad de células falciformes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de células falciformes es causada por una variante (cambio) en un gen que contiene instrucciones para la producción de una parte de la hemoglobina. A veces, este gen modificado se conoce como gen de células falciformes (rasgo drepanocítico). Las personas con la enfermedad nacen con dos genes de células falciformes, uno de cada progenitor. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si nace con un gen de células falciformes, se llama rasgo de células falciformes. Las personas con rasgo de células falciformes generalmente son saludables, pero pueden transmitir el gen defectuoso a sus hijos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedad de células falciformes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, la mayoría de las personas con enfermedad de células falciformes son afroamericanos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cerca de uno de cada 13 bebés afrodescendientes nace con rasgo drepanocítico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cerca de uno de cada 365 niños afrodescendientes nace con la enfermedad de células falciformes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de células falciformes también afecta a algunas personas que ascendencia hispana, del sur de Europa, del Medio Oriente o de la India.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de células falciformes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con enfermedad de células falciformes comienzan a tener signos de la enfermedad durante el primer año de vida, por lo general alrededor de los cinco o seis meses de edad. Los primeros síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón dolorosa de las manos y los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatiga o irritabilidad por la anemia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un color amarillento de la piel (ictericia) o el blanco de los ojos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los efectos de la enfermedad de células falciformes varían de persona a persona y pueden cambiar con el tiempo. La mayoría de sus signos y síntomas están relacionados con complicaciones de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir dolor intenso, anemia, daño de órganos e infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de células falciformes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un examen de sangre puede mostrar si tiene enfermedad de células falciformes o rasgo drepanocítico. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; pueden determinar si tiene una o dos copias del gen de la enfermedad de células falciformes. Las pruebas genéticas pueden ayudar a confirmar el diagnóstico si los resultados de los análisis de sangre no son claros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la actualidad, todos los estados realizan pruebas a los recién nacidos para detectar enfermedad de células falciformes (así como muchas otras afecciones tratables) como parte de sus programas de detección. Estos programas ayudan a detectar las afecciones de manera temprana, para que se pueda iniciar el tratamiento de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud también pueden diagnosticar enfermedad de células falciformes antes de que nazca un bebé. La prueba usa una muestra de líquido amniótico (el líquido en el saco que rodea al bebé) o tejido extraído de la placenta (el órgano que aporta oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que están pensando en tener hijos pueden hacerse la prueba para averiguar qué tan probable es que sus hijos tengan enfermedad de células falciformes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de células falciformes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchas maneras de controlar la enfermedad de células falciformes. Es probable que su equipo médico incluya un hematólogo, un especialista en enfermedades de la sangre. Usted trabajará con su equipo médico para establecer un plan de tratamiento. Las posibles opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratamientos para ayudar a aliviar y disminuir los síntomas, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hidroxiurea: Medicamento para ayudar a evitar la deformación de los glóbulos rojos. Esto puede ayudar a prevenir los síntomas graves de la enfermedad de células falciformes. Este medicamento se puede utilizar en adultos y niños a partir de los nueve meses de edad. Pero no es seguro durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Voxelotor: Otro medicamento para prevenir que cambien de forma los glóbulos rojos. Se puede usar en adultos y niños a partir de los cuatro años de edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; para el dolor agudo o crónico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; para tratar de prevenir infecciones en niños más pequeños&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;Transfusiones de sangre&lt;/a&gt; para la anemia severa. Si ha tenido algunas complicaciones graves, como un accidente cerebrovascular, es posible que tenga transfusiones para evitar más complicaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otros tratamientos para complicaciones específicas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para bajar la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; para tratar una deficiencia de vitaminas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;Trasplante de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;células madre&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden curar la afección. Debido a que estos trasplantes son riesgosos y pueden tener efectos secundarios graves, generalmente solo se usan en niños con enfermedad de células falciformes  grave. Para que el trasplante funcione, la médula ósea debe ser muy compatible. En general, el mejor donante es un hermano o una hermana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapias genéticas para tratar la enfermedad de células falciformes en personas de 12 años o mayores que han tenido crisis falciformes repetidas: Estas nuevas terapias implican tomar algunas de las células madre sanguíneas y agregarles ADN nuevo o cambiar el ADN existente. Luego, se suministran estas células modificadas, las que pueden producir un tipo de hemoglobina sana. Esto puede reducir las complicaciones de la enfermedad de células falciformes, incluyendo las crisis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;medicina complementaria y alternativa&lt;/a&gt; parecen ayudar a algunas personas a lidiar con el dolor causado por la enfermedad de células falciformes. Estos tipos de tratamientos pueden reducir el dolor, especialmente si no se controla bien con medicamentos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia cognitivo-conductual (un tipo de consejería)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;Acupuntura&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Programas de ejercicio o movimiento, como yoga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Masajes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prácticas de meditación y atención plena&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realidad virtual, un entorno tridimensional generado por computadora que se puede ver con gafas especiales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También es importante tomar medidas para mantenerse lo más sano posible:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recibir atención médica regular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtenga las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt; recomendadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener un estilo de vida saludable&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Evitar situaciones que puedan desencadenar una crisis de dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html" id="402" language="English">Sickle Cell Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Anemia drepanocítica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Anemia falciforme</see-reference>
<see-reference>Falciforme, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Allison King habla sobre la enfermedad de células falciformes y el aprendizaje" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/allison-king-habla-sobre-la-enfermedad-de-celulas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/09/dr-allison-king-sickle-cell-disease-learning">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia falciforme" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/anemia-falciforme.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/blog/sickle-cell-disease-and-your-baby">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asesoramiento genético" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetic-counseling.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetic-counseling.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capacidad total de fijación del hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crisis drepanocítica (crisis de dolor)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-crisis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-crisis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crizanlizumab para las personas con la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/crizanlizumab.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/crizanlizumab.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003639.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-anemia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sickle-cell.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sickle-cell.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anemia-falciforme-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sickle-cell-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de células falciformes (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sickle-cell-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sickle-cell-anemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad drepanocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000527.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000527.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de la hemoglobina C, S-C y E" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/anemia/enfermedades-de-la-hemoglobina-c-s-c-y-e" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/hemoglobin-c-s-c-and-e-diseases">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender las células sanguíneas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/entender-las-c%C3%A9lulas-sangu%C3%ADneas" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/understanding-red-blood-cell">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entender los enfoques de la terapia génica" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/entender-los-enfoques-de-la-terapia-g%C3%A9nica" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/understanding-gene-therapy-approaches">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evite los problemas relacionados con la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/center/sickle-cell-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/center/sickle-cell-treatment.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de drepanocitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003666.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidroxiurea para personas con enfermedad de células falciformes (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hydroxyurea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydroxyurea.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber sobre el rasgo de  células falciformes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/media/fact-sheets/sickle-cell-trait/factsheet-sickle-cell-trait-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre la terapia génica para la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/preguntas-frecuentes-terapia-g%C3%A9nica-c%C3%A9lulas-falciformes" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/sickle-cell-disease-gene-therapy-FAQ">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proceso de estudios clínicos sobre la terapia génica para la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/proceso-estudios-cl%C3%ADnicos-sobre-la-terapia-g%C3%A9nica" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/navigating-sickle-cell-disease-gene-therapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progresos de la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-lucha-contra-las-celulas-de-la-sangre-dobladas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/09/battling-bent-blood-cells">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rasgo de células falciformes: Cinco problemas a tener en cuenta (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-trait-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-trait-problems.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rasgo de células falciformes: Tres maneras de mantenerte sano (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-trait-healthy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-trait-healthy.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rasgo drepanocítico y daño al bazo:   ¡Infórmese!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/media/pdfs/fs_splenicinfarcts_lay-es-508.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental y la terapia génica para la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/salud-mental-y-terapia-g%C3%A9nica-c%C3%A9lulas-falciformes" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/your-mental-health-scd-gene-therapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tengo el rasgo de células falciformes: ¿Es seguro viajar en avión o ir a las montañas? (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-trait-altitude.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-trait-altitude.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tesha Samuels aboga por otras personas después de vivir con la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tesha-samuels-aboga-por-otras-personas-despues-de-vivir-con-la-enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/tesha-samuels-advocates-for-others-after-living-with-sickle-cell-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transición en tus cuidados médicos: Enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/care-sickle-cell.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/care-sickle-cell.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la enfermedad de células falciformes?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Gaucher es una enfermedad hereditaria en donde una persona no tiene una cantidad suficiente de una enzima. Tipos y manejo aquí." title="Enfermedad de Gaucher" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html" id="1918" language="Spanish" date-created="01/10/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Gaucher es una enfermedad hereditaria poco frecuente en donde una persona no tiene una cantidad suficiente de una enzima llamada glucocerebrosidasa. Esto causa una acumulación de sustancias grasosas en el bazo, hígado, pulmones, huesos y, a veces, en el cerebro.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tipo 1: Esta es la forma más común y causa un agrandamiento del hígado y el bazo, dolor y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos) y, a veces, problemas en los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;pulmones&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;riñones&lt;/a&gt;. No afecta al cerebro. Puede ocurrir a cualquier edad &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tipo 2: Este tipo causa daño cerebral grave y aparece en recién nacidos. La mayoría de los niños fallece antes de los dos años &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tipo 3: En este tipo puede haber agrandamiento del hígado y bazo. El cerebro se ve afectado poco a poco. En general, comienza en la niñez o adolescencia  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Gaucher no tiene cura. Las opciones de tratamiento para los tipos 1 y 3 incluyen medicinas y terapia de sustitución de las hormonas, que suele ser muy eficaz. No hay un buen tratamiento para el daño cerebral causado en los tipos 2 y 3.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html" id="1523" language="English">Gaucher Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Gaucher, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000564.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-gaucher" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/gaucher-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13400/enfermedad-de-gaucher/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-enfermedad-de-gaucher/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/gaucher-disease-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gauchers-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355551?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gauchers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20355546?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades por almacenamiento de lípidos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedades-de-almacenamiento-de-lipidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/lipid-storage-diseases-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo hablo con mi familia sobre Gaucher?" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115578/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK115578.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Genética</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Huntington es una enfermedad hereditaria. Afecta las células nerviosas del cerebro. El primer síntoma puede ser movimientos involuntarios." title="Enfermedad de Huntington" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html" id="1964" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Huntington es una enfermedad hereditaria que provoca el desgaste de algunas células nerviosas del cerebro. Las personas nacen con el gen defectuoso pero los síntomas no aparecen hasta después de los 30 o 40 años. Los síntomas iniciales de esta enfermedad pueden incluir movimientos descontrolados, torpeza y problemas de equilibrio. Más adelante, puede impedir caminar, hablar y tragar. Algunas personas dejan de reconocer a sus familiares. Otros están concientes de lo que los rodea y pueden expresar sus emociones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si uno de sus padres tiene la enfermedad de Huntington, usted tiene un 50% de posibilidades de tenerla. Un análisis de sangre puede indicar si tiene el gen de la enfermedad y si la desarrollará. La consejería genética puede ayudarlo a evaluar los riesgos y los beneficios de someterse al análisis. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura. Hay medicinas que pueden ayudarlo a controlar algunos síntomas, pero no pueden retrasar ni detener la enfermedad. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html" id="1218" language="English">Huntington's Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039">Trastornos del movimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Huntington, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Huntington" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11993/enfermedad-de-huntington" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6677/huntington-disease">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Huntington" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000770.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Huntington: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/huntingtons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356122?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Huntington: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/enfermedad-de-huntington-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/huntingtons-disease-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Huntington: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/huntingtons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20356117?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Kawasaki es una enfermedad rara infantil. Hace que se inflamen las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos en el cuerpo. Síntomas y tratamiento." title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kawasakidisease.html" id="4922" language="Spanish" date-created="06/09/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad de Kawasaki?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una afección rara que en general ataca a niños pequeños. También se conoce como síndrome de Kawasaki y síndrome de ganglios linfáticos mucocutáneos. Es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html"&gt;vasculitis&lt;/a&gt;, o inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. La enfermedad de Kawasaki es grave, pero la mayoría de los niños pueden recuperarse por completo si son tratados de inmediato. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Kawasaki?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Kawasaki ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca a los vasos sanguíneos por error. Los investigadores no saben completamente la razón de esto. Pero cuando ocurre, los vasos sanguíneos se inflaman y pueden estrecharse o cerrarse. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La genética puede tener un rol en la enfermedad de Kawasaki. También puede haber factores ambientales, como infecciones. No parece ser contagiosa, lo que significa que no se puede transmitir de un niño a otro. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener la enfermedad de Kawasaki?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, la enfermedad de Kawasaki afecta a niños menores de 5 años. Pero los niños mayores y los adultos a veces pueden contraerla. Es más común en niños que en niñas. Puede afectar a menores de cualquier raza, pero aquellos con descendencia de Asia o de las islas del Pacífico tienen más probabilidades de tenerla. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; alta que dura al menos cinco días&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;, a menudo en la espalda, el pecho y la ingle&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Manos y pies hinchados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enrojecimiento de los labios, revestimiento de la boca, lengua, palmas de las manos y plantas de los pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html"&gt;Conjuntivitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo si tiene fiebre durante 4 días, especialmente si tiene otros síntomas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki.&lt;/p&gt;
	

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad de Kawasaki?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, la enfermedad de Kawasaki puede afectar las paredes de las arterias coronarias. Estas arterias brindan sangre y oxígeno a su corazón. Esto puede provocar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurisma&lt;/a&gt; (abultamiento y adelgazamiento de las paredes de las arterias): Esto puede aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt; en las arterias. Si no se tratan los coágulos de sangre, podrían provocar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; o una hemorragia interna&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inflamación en el corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Problemas de la válvula cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Kawasaki también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el cerebro y el sistema nervioso, el sistema inmunitario y el sistema digestivo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Kawasaki?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para la enfermedad de Kawasaki. Para saber si su hijo tiene la enfermedad de Kawasaki, el profesional de la salud de su hijo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede realizar un examen físico, incluyendo observar sus signos y síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Probablemente solicite un análisis de sangre y orina para descartar otras enfermedades y detectar signos de inflamación &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas&lt;/a&gt; para detectar daños en el corazón, como un ecocardiograma y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/"&gt;electrocardiograma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Kawasaki?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Kawasaki generalmente se trata en el hospital con una dosis intravenosa de anticuerpos de inmunoglobulina. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que produce el sistema inmunitario para combatir las infecciones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La aspirina también puede ser parte del tratamiento. Pero no le dé aspirina a su hijo a menos que el profesional de la salud se lo indique. La aspirina puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Reye&lt;/a&gt; en niños. Esta es una enfermedad rara y grave que puede afectar el cerebro y el hígado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, el tratamiento funciona. Pero si no funciona lo suficientemente bien, el profesional de la salud también puede darle a su hijo otros medicamentos para combatir la inflamación. Si la enfermedad afecta el corazón de su hijo, podría necesitar medicamentos adicionales, cirugía u otros procedimientos médicos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kawasakidisease.html" id="4921" language="English">Kawasaki Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html" id="2218">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Kawasaki, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000989.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000989.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kawasaki.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kawasaki.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12419/enfermedad-de-kawasaki/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki en bebés y niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/heart/paginas/kawasaki-disease.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/heart/Pages/Kawasaki-Disease.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/kawasaki-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354603?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardiaca. Puede conducir a dolor en el pecho (angina) o a un infarto." title="Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Arterioesclerosis coronaria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardiaca. Es la principal causa de muerte entre los hombres y las mujeres en los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La EAC ocurre cuando las arterias que suministran la sangre al músculo cardíaco se endurecen y se estrechan. Esto se debe a la acumulación de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; y otros materiales llamados placa en la capa interna de las paredes de la arteria. Esta acumulación se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;.  A medida que esta avanza,  fluye menos sangre a través de las arterias. Como consecuencia, el músculo cardíaco no puede recibir la sangre o el oxígeno que necesita. Eso puede conducir a dolor en el pecho (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt;) o a un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;infarto&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de los infartos ocurren cuando un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo&lt;/a&gt; súbitamente interrumpe el suministro de sangre al corazón, causando un daño cardíaco permanente. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, la EAC también puede debilitar el músculo cardíaco y contribuir a la presencia de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmias&lt;/a&gt;. Insuficiencia cardiaca significa que el corazón no puede bombear la sangre adecuadamente al resto del cuerpo. Las arritmias son cambios en el ritmo normal del corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276" language="English">Coronary Artery Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html" id="1746">Angina de pecho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html" id="5401">Ateroesclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233">Bypass de la arteria coronaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arterias coronarias, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ecocardiograma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad arteria coronaria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad coronaria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Isquemia silenciosa</see-reference>
<see-reference>Placa vulnerable</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras angioplastia y colocación de stent en el corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000091.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003876.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia y colocación de stent en el corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007473.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arterias coronarias" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/las-arterias-coronarias/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/the-coronary-arteries/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bypass de la arteria coronaria: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007115.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía hipertensiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000163.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo izquierdo del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003871.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre la enfermedad arterial coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007115_117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007115_34.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007150.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad arterial coronaria" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedad-arterial-coronaria/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la arteria coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000037.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-las-arterias-coronarias-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: ¿Angioplastia o cirugía de bypass?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/faq-20058302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/expert-answers/coronary-artery-disease/FAQ-20058302?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del corazón en la mujer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espasmo de las arterias coronarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000159.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de VLDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia miocárdica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia silenciosa" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/isquemia-silenciosa/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Placa vulnerable" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/placa-vulnerable/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vulnerable-plaque/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de esfuerzo nuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007201.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003795.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002303.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stents liberadores de medicamentos: ¿Aumentan el riesgo de ataque cardíaco?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/art-20044911?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/in-depth/drug-eluting-stents/ART-20044911?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome coronario agudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007639.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TAC cardíaca para la cuantificación del calcio coronario" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ct_calscoring" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ct_calscoring">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007343.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido intravascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ultrasonido-intravascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/intravascular-ultrasound/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido intravascular cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007266.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculografía nuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003822.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con cardiopatía y angina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000576.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la aterosclerosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/aterosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atherosclerosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la cardiopatía coronaria?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cardiopatia-coronaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las endoprótesis (stents)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/endoprotesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stents">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Lyme es una infección bacteriana que se adquiere por la picadura de una garrapata infectada. Infórmese sobre los síntomas y tratamiento." title="Enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html" id="2015" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Borrelosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad de Lyme?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Lyme es una infección bacteriana que se contrae por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html"&gt;picadura de una garrapata infectada&lt;/a&gt;. Al principio, la enfermedad de Lyme generalmente causa síntomas como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; en la piel, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt;. Pero si no se trata temprano, la infección puede extenderse a las articulaciones, el corazón y el sistema nervioso. El tratamiento inmediato puede ayudarle a recuperarse rápidamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Lyme?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Lyme es causada por una bacteria. En los Estados Unidos, esta suele ser una bacteria llamada Borrelia burgdorferi. Se propaga a los humanos a través de la picadura de una garrapata infectada, usualmente garrapatas de patas negras (o garrapatas de venado). En general, se encuentran en el:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Noreste&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Atlántico medio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Alto Medio Oeste&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Costa del Pacífico, especialmente en el norte de California&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Estas garrapatas pueden adherirse a cualquier parte de su cuerpo. Pero a menudo se encuentran en áreas difíciles de ver, como la ingle, las axilas y el cuero cabelludo. Por lo general, la garrapata debe estar adherida a usted por más de 24 horas para transmitir la bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidad de desarrollar la enfermedad de Lyme?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A cualquier persona le puede picar una garrapata. Pero quienes pasan mucho tiempo al aire libre en áreas boscosas y cubiertas de hierba tienen un mayor riesgo. Esto incluye quienes disfrutan del acampar, excursiones y personas que trabajan en jardines y parques.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las picaduras de garrapatas ocurren en los meses más cálidos (de abril a septiembre), cuando están más activas y las personas pasan más tiempo al aire libre. Pero también puede ser mordido resto del año, especialmente si las temperaturas son más altas de lo habitual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Lyme?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad de Lyme comienzan entre 3 y 30 días después de que una garrapata infectada le pica. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un sarpullido rojo llamado eritema migratorio: La mayoría de las personas con enfermedad de Lyme presentan esta lesión. Se hace más grande durante varios días y puede sentirse caliente al tacto. Por lo general, no es doloroso ni pica. A medida que comienza a mejorar, algunas partes pueden aclararse. A veces esto hace que la erupción parezca un tiro al blanco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolores musculares y articulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;

	
&lt;p&gt;Si la infección no se trata, puede extenderse a las articulaciones, el corazón y el sistema nervioso. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza severos y rigidez en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Más sarpullidos en otras áreas de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parálisis facial: Debilidad en los músculos faciales. Puede causar caída en uno o ambos lados de la cara&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;Artritis&lt;/a&gt; con dolor intenso en las articulaciones e hinchazón, especialmente en las rodillas y otras articulaciones grandes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor que va y viene en los tendones, músculos, articulaciones y huesos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Palpitaciones&lt;/a&gt; del corazón: Sensación de que su corazón se está saltando un latido o latidos demasiado fuertes o rápidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Latido cardíaco irregular (carditis de Lyme)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Episodios de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareos&lt;/a&gt; o dificultad para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación del cerebro y la médula espinal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor de los nervios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolores punzantes, entumecimiento u hormigueo en las manos o los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Lyme?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud tomará en cuenta:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Qué tan probable es que haya estado expuesto a garrapatas de patas negras infectadas &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Qué tan probable es que tenga otras enfermedades que causen síntomas similares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Los resultados de cualquier prueba de laboratorio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-enfermedad-de-lyme/"&gt;pruebas para la enfermedad de Lyme&lt;/a&gt; buscan anticuerpos producidos por el cuerpo en respuesta a una infección. Estos anticuerpos pueden tardar varias semanas en desarrollarse. Si se hace la prueba de inmediato, es posible que no muestre que tiene la enfermedad de Lyme, incluso si la tiene. Por lo tanto, es posible que deba hacerse otra prueba más tarde.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Lyme?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Lyme se trata con antibióticos. Cuanto antes se trate, mejor, ya que le brinda una buena oportunidad de recuperarse completamente a la brevedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Después del tratamiento, algunos pacientes aún pueden presentar dolor, fatiga o dificultad para pensar que dura más de seis meses, lo que se conoce como síndrome posterior a la enfermedad de Lyme. Los investigadores no saben por qué algunas personas presentan este síndrome. No existe un tratamiento comprobado para esta afección ni se ha demostrado que los antibióticos a largo plazo ayuden. Sin embargo, hay formas de aliviar sus síntomas. Si ha recibido tratamiento para la enfermedad de Lyme y aún no se siente bien, hable con su profesional de la salud para averiguar cómo manejar sus síntomas. La mayoría de las personas mejora con el tiempo, pero pueden pasar varios meses antes de que se sienta mejor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad de Lyme?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir la enfermedad de Lyme, debe reducir el riesgo de contraer una picadura de garrapata al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar las áreas donde viven las garrapatas, como áreas con césped, arbustos o bosques. Si va de excursión, camine en el centro del sendero para evitar la maleza y el pasto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) cuando salga al aire libre. Estos son evaluados para asegurar que sean seguros y eficaces. Asegúrese de que el repelente tenga uno de estos ingredientes: DEET, picaridina, IR3535, aceite de eucalipto de limón o paramentanodiol. Es importante seguir las instrucciones de la etiqueta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tratar su ropa y equipo con un repelente que contenga 0.5% de permetrina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar ropa protectora de colores claros, para que pueda ver fácilmente cualquier garrapata que pueda tener&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar una prenda de manga larga y pantalones largos. Introduzca la camisa en los pantalones y las piernas de los pantalones en los calcetines&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Revisarse a si mismo y a sus hijos y mascotas diariamente para buscar garrapatas. Elimine con cuidado las garrapatas que encuentre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ducharse y lavar y secar su ropa a altas temperaturas después de estar al aire libre
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html" id="84" language="English">Lyme Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html" id="2253">Picaduras de garrapatas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lyme, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las picaduras de garrapatas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-picaduras-de-garrapatas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="En la primera línea contra la enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/en-la-primera-linea-contra-la-enfermedad-de-lyme" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/on-the-front-lines-against-lyme-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001319.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-lyme-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/lyme-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lyme.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lyme.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lyme-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lyme-disease.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Lyme (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lyme-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lyme-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Lyme: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000252.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para la enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003554.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de garrapatas: Guía paso a paso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tick-removal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-removal.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Garrapatas y la enfermedad de Lyme: síntomas, tratamiento y prevención" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-garrapatas-y-la-enfermedad-de-lyme-sintomas-tratamiento-y-prevencion" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ticks-and-lyme-disease-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre las  picaduras de garrapatas  y la enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/media/pdfs/lyme-disease-prevention-fact-sheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la enfermedad de Lyme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-enfermedad-de-lyme/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lyme-disease-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo prevenir la enfermedad de Lyme?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lyme-risk-teen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lyme-risk-teen.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Ménière es un trastorno del oído interno. Puede causar un mareo severo, tinnitus, sordera y presión. Diagnóstico, tratamiento." title="Enfermedad de Ménière" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html" id="2263" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Ménière es un trastorno del oído interno. Puede causar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareo&lt;/a&gt; severo, un sonido de rugido en el oído llamado tinnitus, pérdida de la audición que aparece y desaparece y la sensación de presión o dolor en el oído. Suele afectar sólo un oído. Es una causa común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;sordera&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas que sufren de la enfermedad de Ménière tienen ataques. Estos pueden ocurrir sin aviso o luego de un corto período donde la persona sufrió de tinnitus o sintió presión o dolor en el oído afectado. Algunas personas tienen solo un ataque de vértigo de vez en cuando y otras pueden tener ataques más frecuentemente  durante varios días. Otras personas con la enfermedad tiene ataques tan fuertes donde el mareo es tan intenso que pierden el equilibrio y se caen.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los científicos todavía no conocen la causa. Se cree que tiene que ver con los niveles o la mezcla de líquidos en los canales del oído interno.  Los doctores diagnostican esta enfermedad basándose en un examen físico y los síntomas. Una prueba de audición puede examinar cuán afectada esta su audición.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura. Se puede controlar la enfermedad con medicamentos para el mareo, limitando la sal en su dieta y tomando diuréticos (pastillas que ayudan al cuerpo a eliminar los líquidos adicionales). La inserción de un aparato en el oído externo que impulsa aire al oído medio puede ayudar. Los casos severos pueden requerir cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menieresdisease.html" id="1674" language="English">Meniere's Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Ménière, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Ménière" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-meniere-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/menieres-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Ménière" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000702.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Ménière" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/la-enfermedad-de-meniere" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Ménière: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000709.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000709.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Ménière: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menieres-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374916?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades del oído: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación calórica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas del equilibrio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-del-equilibrio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/balance-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Videonistagmografía (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El EPOC dificulta la respiración. Los tipos principales de EPOC son la bronquitis crónica y el enfisema. Síntomas y tratamiento aquí." title="Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html" id="1836" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>EOPC</also-called>
<also-called>EPOC</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, las vías respiratorias y los alvéolos pulmonares son elásticos o se estiran. Al inhalar, las vías respiratorias llevan aire a estos saquitos. Estos se llenan de aire, como un pequeño globo. Al exhalar, los saquitos se desinflan y sale el aire. Si tiene EPOC, fluye menos aire dentro y fuera de sus vías respiratorias debido a uno o más problemas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Las vías respiratorias y los alvéolos pulmonares se vuelven menos elásticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las paredes entre muchos de los saquitos se destruyen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las paredes de las vías aéreas se engrosan e inflaman&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las vías respiratorias producen más mucosidad de lo normal y pueden obstruirse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de EPOC?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La EPOC tiene dos tipos principales:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html"&gt;Enfisema&lt;/a&gt;: Afecta a los alvéolos pulmonares, así como las paredes entre ellos. Resultan dañados y son menos elásticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;Bronquitis crónica&lt;/a&gt;: El revestimiento de las vías respiratorias se irrita e inflama constantemente, lo que produce inflamación y mucosidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero la gravedad de cada tipo puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el EPOC?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La causa del EPOC suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;humo del cigarrillo&lt;/a&gt; es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar EPOC, especialmente si se inhala. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al EPOC. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt; y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo. &lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;p&gt;En raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html"&gt;deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina&lt;/a&gt; puede tener un rol en causar EPOC. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de EPOC?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Los factores de riesgo para el EPOC incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fumar&lt;/strong&gt;: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen EPOC fuman o solían fumar&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tiene al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores con EPOC tienen más probabilidades de tenerla si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asma&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; tienen más riesgo de desarrollar EPOC que quienes no tienen asma. Pero la mayoría de las personas con asma no tendrán EPOC&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de EPOC?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; frecuente o tos que produce mucha mucosidad &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Sibilancias&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de presión en el pecho&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con EPOC contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriados &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. En casos severos, la EPOC puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;hinchazón &lt;/a&gt; en los tobillos, pies o piernas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la EPOC?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Sus antecedentes familiares&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Varias pruebas de laboratorio, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía &lt;/a&gt; de tórax o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; y análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su médico diagnosticará EPOC según sus signos y síntomas, sus antecedentes médicos y familiares; y los resultados de sus pruebas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la EPOC?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para la EPOC, pero el tratamiento pueden ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Si es fumador, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar la EPOC&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Pídale a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; para reducir la inflamación&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Vacunas contra la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con EPOC tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxígeno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Se usa si tiene EPOC severa y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Un programa de ejercicios&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Entrenamiento en manejo de enfermedades&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Asesoramiento nutricional&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Consejería psicológica&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt;: En general se utiliza como último recurso para personas que tienen síntomas graves que no han mejorado con medicamentos:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Para la EPOC que se relaciona principalmente con el enfisema, hay cirugías que:
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eliminan el tejido pulmonar dañado&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Eliminan los espacios aéreos grandes (ampollas) que pueden formarse cuando se destruyen los saquitos aéreos. Estas ampollas pueden interferir con la respiración&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Someterse a un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;: Esto podría ser una opción si tiene EPOC muy severa&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene EPOC, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de enfisema, la mejor manera de prevenirlo es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo. &lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oximetría de pulso" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/pulse-oximetry.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulse-oximetry.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alfa-1-antitripsina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-1-antitrypsin-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reagudizaciones de la EPOC" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000698.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000698.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respire mejor con EPOC: Vivir con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/respire-mejor-con-epoc" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/11/breathe-better-copd">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con el oxígeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y la EPOC" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sueño asociados al asma y la EPOC" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/sleep-problems-in-asthma-and-copd.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/sleep-problems-asthma-copd.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso del espaciador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100203_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100203_1.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del inhalador de dosis medidas: Procedimientos médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100200_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100200_1.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del medidor de flujo espiratorio máximo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100202_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100202_1.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del nebulizador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100201_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100201_1.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la EPOC?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/epoc" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/copd">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Paget en el hueso hace que sus huesos crezcan demasiado grandes y débiles. Causa dolor y fracturas. Aquí, otros posibles síntomas." title="Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html" id="2071" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Osteítis deformante</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad de Paget en el hueso?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Paget en el hueso, también conocida como enfermedad ósea de Paget, es un trastorno óseo crónico. 
Normalmente, hay un proceso en el cual los huesos se descomponen y luego vuelven a crecer. En la enfermedad de Paget, este proceso es anormal. Hay una descomposición excesiva y un nuevo crecimiento óseo. Debido a que los huesos vuelven a crecer demasiado rápido, son más grandes y más suaves de lo normal. Pueden sufrir deformaciones y quebrarse fácilmente (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt;). En general, la enfermedad de Paget afecta solo uno o pocos huesos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad ósea de Paget?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no saben con certeza qué causa la enfermedad de Paget. Los factores ambientales pueden desempeñar un papel. En algunos casos, se presenta en familias y se han relacionado varios genes con la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de la enfermedad ósea de Paget?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La afección es más común en personas mayores y quienes tienen ascendencia del norte de Europa. Si tiene un pariente cercano con Paget, es mucho más probable que la tenga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad ósea de Paget?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas no saben que tienen Paget, porque a menudo no presenta síntomas. Cuando hay síntomas, son similares a los de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;y otros trastornos. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;Dolor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede deberse al Paget o a la artritis, una complicación de la afección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;pérdida de audición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ocurrir cuando la enfermedad de Paget afecta el cráneo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presión sobre los nervios&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ocurrir cuando la enfermedad de Paget afecta el cráneo o la columna vertebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aumento del tamaño de la cabeza, deformidad de una extremidad o curvatura de la columna&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto puede suceder en casos avanzados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dolor en la cadera&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre si afecta la pelvis o el fémur&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Daño en el cartílago de las articulaciones&lt;/strong&gt;, lo que puede provocar artritis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la enfermedad de Paget empeora lentamente con el tiempo. No se propaga a los huesos normales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad ósea de Paget?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Paget puede provocar otras complicaciones, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Artritis: Debido a que los huesos deformados pueden causar un aumento de la presión y un mayor desgaste de las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;: En la enfermedad grave de Paget, el corazón tiene que trabajar más para bombear sangre a los huesos afectados. La insuficiencia cardíaca es más probable si también tiene endurecimiento de las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html"&gt;Cálculos renales&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden ocurrir cuando la descomposición excesiva del hueso produce un exceso de calcio en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas del sistema nervioso&lt;/a&gt;: Debido a que los huesos pueden causar presión en el cerebro, la médula espinal o los nervios. También puede haber un menor flujo sanguíneo al cerebro y la médula espinal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html"&gt;Osteosarcoma&lt;/a&gt; (cáncer de hueso)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dientes sueltos: Ocurre si la enfermedad de Paget afecta los huesos de la cara&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt;: Complicación poco común. Ocurre si la enfermedad de Paget en el cráneo afecta los nervios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad ósea de Paget?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografía&lt;/a&gt; de los huesos afectados. La enfermedad de Paget casi siempre se diagnostica con rayos X&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/"&gt;Análisis de sangre con fosfatasa alcalina&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Gammagrafía ósea&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;A veces, la enfermedad se detecta por accidente cuando una de estas pruebas se realiza por otro motivo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad ósea de Paget?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para evitar complicaciones, es importante encontrar y tratar la enfermedad de Paget temprano. Los tratamientos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Existen varios medicamentos diferentes para tratar la enfermedad de Paget. El tipo más común son los bisfosfonatos. Ayudan a reducir el dolor óseo y detienen o hacen más lento el progreso de la enfermedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt;: A veces es necesaria para ciertas complicaciones de la enfermedad. Hay operaciones para:&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Permitir que las fracturas (huesos rotos) sanen en una mejor posición&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reemplazar articulaciones como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html"&gt;rodilla&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html"&gt;cadera&lt;/a&gt; cuando hay artritis severa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Realinear un hueso deformado para reducir el dolor en las articulaciones que soportan peso, especialmente las rodillas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reducir la presión sobre un nervio si el agrandamiento del cráneo o las lesiones de la columna afectan el sistema nervioso&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si bien la dieta y el ejercicio no tratan la enfermedad de Paget, pueden ayudar a mantener los huesos saludables. Si no tiene cálculos renales, debe asegurarse de obtener suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; a través de su dieta y suplementos. Además de mantener huesos sanos, el ejercicio puede prevenir el aumento de peso y mantener la movilidad de sus articulaciones. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de comenzar un nuevo programa de ejercicios. Debe asegurarse de que la actividad física no ejerza demasiada presión sobre los huesos afectados.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html" id="1607" language="English">Paget's Disease of Bone</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Paget en el hueso, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad ósea de Paget" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000414.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003470.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos y la osteoporosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/salud-de-los-huesos-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-health-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Parkinson es un tipo de trastorno del movimiento. Causa temblor, rigidez y lentitud de movimientos. Estos síntomas empeoran con el tiempo." title="Enfermedad de Parkinson" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="2081" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Mal de Parkinson</also-called>
<also-called>Parkinson</also-called>
<also-called>Parkinsonismo</also-called>
<also-called>Parálisis con temblor</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Parkinson es un tipo de trastorno del movimiento. Ocurre cuando las células nerviosas (neuronas) no producen suficiente cantidad de una sustancia química importante en el cerebro conocida como dopamina. Algunos casos son genéticos pero la mayoría no parece darse entre miembros de una misma familia. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas comienzan lentamente, en general, en un lado del cuerpo. Luego afectan ambos lados. Algunos son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Temblor en las manos, los brazos, las piernas, la mandíbula y la cara &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Rigidez en los brazos, las piernas y el tronco &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lentitud de los movimientos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de equilibrio y coordinación &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A medida que los síntomas empeoran, las personas con la enfermedad pueden tener dificultades para caminar o hacer labores simples. También pueden tener problemas como depresión, trastornos del sueño o dificultades para masticar, tragar o hablar.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; No existe un examen de diagnóstico para esta enfermedad. Los doctores usan el historial del paciente y un examen neurológico para diagnosticarlo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; La enfermedad de Parkinson suele comenzar alrededor de los 60 años, pero puede aparecer antes. Es mucho más común entre los hombres que entre las mujeres. No existe una cura para la enfermedad de Parkinson. Existen diversas medicinas que a veces ayudan a mejorar enormemente los síntomas. En casos severos, una cirugía y estimulación cerebral profunda (electrodos implantados en el cerebro que envían pulsos para estimular las partes del cerebro que controlan el movimiento) pueden ayudar. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="85" language="English">Parkinson's Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039">Trastornos del movimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mal de Parkinson</see-reference>
<see-reference>Parkinson, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Parálisis agitante</see-reference>
<site title="10 signos de alerta temprana (enfermedad de Parkinson)" url="https://www.parkinson.org/espanol/entendiendo-parkinson/10signos">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
<site title="4 descubrimientos más allá del cerebro" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/4-descubrimientos-mas-alla-del-cerebro" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-discoveries-beyond-the-brain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avances en el Parkinson: Deconstrucción de la degeneración de la dopamina" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/avances-en-el-parkinson" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/04/progress-parkinsons">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bisturí de rayos gamma: Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cognición y el Parkinson" url="https://www.parkinson.org/library/espanol/fact-sheets/cognicion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultades con el habla y la deglución (tragar)" url="https://secure3.convio.net/prkorg/site/DocServer/Dificultades_con_el_Habla_y_la_Deglucion.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/speech-swallowing">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Parkinson" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-parkinson-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Parkinson" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Parkinson" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/parkinson.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/parkinson.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Parkinson: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376062?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Parkinson: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/enfermedad-de-parkinson-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/parkinsons-disease-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación cerebral profunda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007453.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación cerebral profunda para los trastornos de movimiento" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/estimulacion-cerebral-profunda-para-los-trastornos-de-movimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/about-ninds/what-we-do/impact/ninds-contributions-approved-therapies/deep-brain-stimulation-dbs-treatment-parkinsons-disease-and-other-movement-disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Explicación de la enfermedad de Parkinson" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/explicacion-de-la-enfermedad-de-parkinson" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/parkinsons-disease-explained">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fatiga y trastornos del sueño" url="https://www.parkinson.org/library/espanol/fact-sheets/fatiga">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mal de Parkinson" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000755.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal de Parkinson" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000095.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de la enfermedad de Parkinson en su etapa avanzada" url="https://secure3.convio.net/prkorg/site/DocServer/Manejo_de_la_enfermedad_de_Parkinson_en_su_etapa_avanzad.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición y la enfermedad de Parkinson: ¿Qué es lo que más importa?" url="https://www.parkinson.org/library/espanol/fact-sheets/nutricion" language-mapped-url="http://www.parkinson.org/en/winter06_07_Nutrition_and_Parkinson">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parkinsonismo secundario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000759.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para desplazarse o caminar" url="https://www.parkinson.org/espanol/entendiendo-parkinson/sintomas-motores/problemas-desplazarse" language-mapped-url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/movement-symptoms/trouble-moving">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de ejercicio para el Parkinson" url="https://www.parkinson.org/library/espanol/fact-sheets/recomendaciones-ejercicio">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viviendo bien (con enfermedad de Parkinson)" url="https://www.parkinson.org/espanol/viviendo-bien">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Enfermedad hereditaria por acumulación de lisosomas. Esta acumulación destruye las neuronas y causa problemas físicos y mentales. Más información aquí." title="Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html" id="2738" language="Spanish" date-created="10/16/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Tay-Sachs es un trastorno hereditario poco común. Causa la acumulación de una sustancia grasosa en el cerebro. Esta acumulación destruye las neuronas y causa problemas físicos y mentales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los recién nacidos con la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs parecen desarrollarse normalmente durante los primeros meses de vida. Luego, las capacidades mentales y físicas se van deteriorando. El niño pierde la vista, la audición y no puede tragar. Los músculos empiezan a atrofiarse y se produce una parálisis. Aún con los mejores cuidados, los niños con la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs suelen morir antes de los cuatro años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La causa es una mutación de un gen que es común entre los judíos askenazíes de Europa oriental. Para desarrollar la enfermedad, ambos padres deben tener el gen. Si lo tienen, hay un 25% de probabilidades que los menores desarrollen la enfermedad. Un análisis de sangre y un test prenatal puede determinar si se tiene el gen o la enfermedad. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura. Las medicinas y una buena nutrición pueden ayudar con algunos síntomas. Algunos niños necesitan de sondas para alimentarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html" id="2737" language="English">Tay-Sachs Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Tay-Sachs, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/amniocentesis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/amniocentesis.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asesoramiento genético: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001417.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tay-sachs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tay-sachs.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs y enfermedad de Sandhoff" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-metab%C3%B3licos-hereditarios/enfermedad-de-tay-sachs-y-enfermedad-de-sandhoff">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades por almacenamiento de lípidos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedades-de-almacenamiento-de-lipidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/lipid-storage-diseases-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de la vellosidad coriónica o placentaria (CVS)" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/muestra-de-la-vellosidad-corionica.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/chorionic-villus-sampling.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) es una enfermedad genética poco común que provoca el crecimiento de tumores y quistes en el cuerpo." title="Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vonhippellindaudisease.html" id="4362" language="Spanish" date-created="02/13/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) es una enfermedad rara que causa tumores y quistes en el cuerpo. Pueden crecer en el cerebro y la médula espinal, los riñones, el páncreas, las glándulas suprarrenales y el tracto reproductivo. En general, los tumores son benignos (no cancerosos). Pero algunos tumores, como los del riñón y el páncreas, pueden volverse cancerosos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) es una enfermedad genética. Se hereda, lo que significa que se transmite de padres a hijos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la VHL dependen del tamaño y la ubicación de los tumores. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html"&gt;caminar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad de las extremidades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Problemas de la visión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La detección y el tratamiento temprano de la VHL es importante. Su proveedor de atención médica puede sospechar que tiene VHL si tiene ciertos patrones de quistes y tumores. Hay una prueba genética para VHL. Si tiene el gen, necesitará otras pruebas, incluyendo pruebas de imágenes, para buscar tumores y quistes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento puede variar, dependiendo de la ubicación y el tamaño de los tumores y quistes. Por lo general, implica cirugía. Ciertos tumores pueden tratarse con radioterapia. El objetivo es tratar los tumores mientras son pequeños y antes de que causen un daño permanente. Necesitará un monitoreo cuidadoso por parte de un médico y/o equipo médico familiarizado con la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vonhippellindaudisease.html" id="4361" language="English">Von Hippel-Lindau Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>von Hippel-Lindau, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/s%C3%ADndromes-neurocut%C3%A1neos-en-ni%C3%B1os/enfermedad-de-von-hippel-lindau">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13610/enfermedad-de-von-hippel-lindau/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades neurológicas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feocromocitoma: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pheochromocytoma.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://www.stjude.org/es/cuidado-tratamiento/enfermedades-que-tratamos/sindrome-de-von-hippel-lindau.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="En la enfermedad de Wilson, el cuerpo no puede deshacerse del exceso de cobre, lo que causa daño al hígado y al sistema nervioso. Más información aquí." title="Enfermedad de Wilson" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html" id="2272" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Degeneración hepatolenticular</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de Wilson es un trastorno hereditario poco frecuente que hace que el organismo no pueda deshacerse del cobre adicional. El cuerpo necesita un poco de cobre para mantenerse sano pero tener demasiado puede ser tóxico. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, el hígado libera el cobre que no necesita en la bilis, un líquido digestivo. En personas con la enfermedad de Wilson, el cobre es liberado directamente en el torrente sanguíneo. Esto puede dañar el cerebro, los riñones y los ojos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad está presente al nacer pero los síntomas comienzan entre los 5 y 35 años de edad. El trastorno empieza afectando al hígado, el sistema nervioso central o ambos al mismo tiempo. El síntoma más característico es la presencia de un anillo color marrón alrededor de la córnea del ojo. Se puede diagnosticar con un análisis físico y exámenes de laboratorio.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento consiste en medicamentos que eliminan el cobre adicional del cuerpo. Las personas que sufren de esta enfermedad deberán tomar medicamentos y seguir una dieta baja en cobre de por vida. Las comidas con altos niveles de cobre que se deben evitar son moluscos e hígado. Al comienzo del tratamiento, también se deben evitar el chocolate, los hongos y las nueces o frutas secas. Además habrá que hacer un análisis de cobre del agua de la casa y no tomar vitaminas que contengan este metal.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con una detección temprana y un tratamiento adecuado, las personas con enfermedad de Wilson pueden gozar de buena salud. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html" id="1691" language="English">Wilson Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Wilson, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Cobre en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002419.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Wilson" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000785.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Wilson" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wilsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353251?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wilsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353251?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Wilson: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wilsons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353256?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ceruloplasmina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003662.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cobre en orina de 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003604.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ceruloplasmina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ceruloplasmina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ceruloplasmin-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="COVID-19 (enfermedad por coronavirus 2019) es una enfermedad respiratoria causada por un virus. Puede ser muy contagioso. Obtenga información sobre los síntomas, la prevención y el tratamiento." title="Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3182" language="Spanish" date-created="08/18/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es causada por un virus. Este virus es un coronavirus llamado SARS-COV-2. Se propaga cuando una persona con la infección expulsa gotitas y partículas muy pequeñas que contienen el virus. En esta página encontrará enlaces con información importante sobre síntomas, riesgos y cómo puede protegerse usted y su familia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También tenemos temas de salud sobre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html"&gt;Pruebas para el COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html"&gt;Vacunas contra el COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" tid="7808"&gt;Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181" language="English">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7808">Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html" id="7628">Pruebas para el COVID-19</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" id="7648">Vacunas contra el COVID-19</related-topic>
<see-reference>Respiratorio agudo severo, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>SARS</see-reference>
<see-reference>SRAG</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome respiratorio agudo y grave</see-reference>
<site title="Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de COVID-19 grave" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000978.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000978.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta por COVID-19 leve a moderado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000976.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprensión de la terminología reglamentaria para posibles medicamentos preventivos y terapéuticos para el COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/comprension-de-la-terminologia-reglamentaria-para-posibles-medicamentos-preventivos-y-terapeuticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/understanding-regulatory-terminology-potential-preventative-and-therapeutic-drugs-covid-19">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca sus opciones de tratamiento contra el COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conozca-sus-opciones-de-tratamiento-contra-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/know-your-treatment-options-covid-19">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Preguntas más frecuentes relacionadas con el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): ¿Qué son las variantes?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-delta-variant.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-delta-variant.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) y su cobertura de salud: Obtenga información básica" url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-overview-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-overview.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus: Información para las personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-informacion-personas-con-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coronavirus/coronavirus-cancer-patient-information">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 altera los microbios intestinales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-covid-19-altera-los-microbios-intestinales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/02/covid-19-disrupts-gut-microbes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19 y los tratamientos &quot;alternativos&quot;: Lo que tiene que saber" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/covid-19-y-los-tratamientos-alternativos-lo-que-usted-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/covid-19-and-alternative-treatments-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19, resfriados, alergias y la gripe: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/covid-19-cold-flu-and-allergies-differences/art-20503981?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: Qué debe hacer si se enferma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000975.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: Qué hacer si su hijo está enfermo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-child-is-sick.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-child-is-sick.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: ¿Quién está a un mayor riesgo para los síntomas de gravedad?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-who-is-at-risk/art-20483301?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo desacreditar los mitos sobre COVID-19 (coronavirus)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-myths/art-20485720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-myths/art-20485720?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener una lectura precisa con oxímetros de pulso" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo protegerse a sí mismo y a otros de la COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000973.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre medicamentos contra el COVID-19" url="https://treatments-es.hhs.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://treatments.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007768.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de enfermedades graves por virus respiratorios" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información y recursos de la COVID-19" url="https://salud.nih.gov/temas-de-salud/covid-19">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ivermectina y el COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-ivermectina-y-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ivermectin-and-covid-19">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe hacer después de una exposición a la COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000977.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas y respuestas para los consumidores: los desinfectantes para las manos y el COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/preguntas-y-respuestas-para-los-consumidores-los-desinfectantes-para-las-manos-y-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/qa-consumers-hand-sanitizers-and-covid-19">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de los virus respiratorios" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir la propagación de virus respiratorios cuando está enfermo" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/precautions-when-sick.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/precautions-when-sick.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el COVID-19: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Su glosario de COVID-19" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/su-glosario-de-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/your-covid-19-glossary">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007770.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenga cuidado con las pruebas, vacunas y tratamientos fraudulentos para el coronavirus" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-las-pruebas-vacunas-y-tratamientos-fraudulentos-para-el-coronavirus" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-fraudulent-coronavirus-tests-vaccines-and-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para el COVID-19: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Variantes de la COVID-19: ¿Cuál es la causa de la preocupación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/covid-variant/faq-20505779?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y el COVID-19" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-covid-19">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorios y adultos mayores" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/older-adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/older-adults.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorios y embarazo" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorios y las mascarillas faciales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000974.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorios y personas con discapacidades" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/people-with-disabilities.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/people-with-disabilities.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es gripe, COVID-19, alergias o un resfriado?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es un resfriado, una gripe o COVID-19?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-vs-cold.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vs-cold.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Me conviene participar en ensayos clínicos de vacunas contra el COVID-19?" url="https://ceal.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/ESP_CEAL%20Infographics_COVID%20Vaccine%20Trial.jpg">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad del legionario es un tipo de neumonía causada por bacterias Legionella. Síntomas, prevención y tratamiento aquí." title="Enfermedad del legionario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/legionnairesdisease.html" id="2003" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Legionelosis</also-called>
<also-called>Neumonía por Legionella</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad del legionario es un tipo grave de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt; causada por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt;. La enfermedad recibió su nombre cuando un grupo de personas en una convención de la Legión Americana se enfermaron con este tipo de neumonía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt; se encuentra naturalmente en agua dulce, como lagos y ríos. También se puede encontrar en el suelo. Pero normalmente las personas sólo se enferman cuando crece y se propaga en sistemas de agua artificiales. Estos sistemas pueden incluir jacuzzis, fuentes y sistemas de plomería de edificios grandes, como hoteles o residencias de personas mayores.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt; también puede causar fiebre de Pontiac. Esta es una enfermedad más leve, parecida a la gripe, que no infecta los pulmones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede contraer la infección al respirar el rocío o pequeñas gotas de agua que contienen la bacteria. El rocío puede provenir de jacuzzis, duchas o unidades de aire acondicionado de edificios grandes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, no se puede infectar al beber agua con la bacteria, a menos que la aspire (inspirar accidentalmente el agua hacia sus pulmones). Las bacterias no se transmiten de persona a persona. Los brotes de enfermedades ocurren cuando muchas personas están expuestas a la misma fuente de agua que contiene la bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas sanas que entran en contacto con la bacteria no se enferman. Es más probable que desarrolle una infección si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene más de 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fuma&lt;/a&gt; o ha fumado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una enfermedad pulmonar crónica como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html"&gt;enfisema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/a&gt; por una enfermedad como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;, o está tomando medicamentos que inhiben su sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vive en un centro de atención a largo plazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha estado recientemente en un hospital o ha tenido una cirugía que requirió &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html"&gt;anestesia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas suelen aparecer entre dos y 14 días después de haber estado expuesto a la bacteria &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt;. La mayoría de los síntomas son similares a los de otros tipos de neumonía. Pero la enfermedad del legionario también puede causar síntomas gastrointestinales y cambios mentales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la enfermedad del legionario pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; alta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad del legionario puede causar complicaciones potencialmente mortales, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia respiratoria&lt;/a&gt;, insuficiencia renal y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;.
Cerca de una de cada 10 personas que contraen la enfermedad del legionario morirá por complicaciones de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene la enfermedad del legionario, su es probable que su profesional de la salud solicite una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía&lt;/a&gt; de tórax para ver si tiene neumonía. Si la tiene, las pruebas de laboratorio, como una prueba de orina o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/"&gt;esputo&lt;/a&gt;, pueden &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-legionela/"&gt;detectar la bacteria &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Su proveedor también puede solicitar un análisis de sangre para ver si ha estado expuesto a la bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene la enfermedad del legionario, es probable que necesite atención en un hospital. Se trata con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de las personas se recuperan, especialmente si estaban al contraer la afección. Recibir tratamiento temprano puede aumentar las posibilidades de mejorarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad del legionario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede reducir su riesgo de contraer la enfermedad del legionario si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limpia todos sus dispositivos relacionados con el agua regularmente. Esto puede incluir humidificadores portátiles, calentadores de agua, aire acondicionado y enjuagues nasales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si no ha usado los grifos y cabezales de ducha durante una semana o más, deje abiertos los grifos de agua caliente y fría durante al menos dos minutos antes de usarlos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite la exposición a suministros de agua como fuentes decorativas o jacuzzis si no sabe qué tan bien se mantienen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use limpiador de parabrisas en el tanque de líquido del limpiaparabrisas de su automóvil en lugar de agua corriente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consulte qué tan bien se mantienen los sistemas de agua de su edificio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/legionnairesdisease.html" id="1526" language="English">Legionnaires' Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Legionario, Enfermedad del</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se propaga la Legionella" url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/es/causes/como-se-propaga-la-legionella.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/causes/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del Legionario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000616.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del legionario: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/legionnaires-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351753?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de anticuerpo fluorescente directo en esputo (AFD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003553.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humidificadores y la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002104.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de legionela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-legionela/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/legionella-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP) es una infección e inflamación del útero, ovarios y otros órganos reproductivos femeninos. Riesgos, tratamiento." title="Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html" id="3045" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>EIP</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP) es una infección e inflamación del útero, ovarios y otros órganos reproductivos femeninos. Esta causa cicatrices en estos órganos y puede conducir a infertilidad, embarazos ectópicos, dolor pélvico, abscesos y otros problemas graves. La enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica es una de las causas de infertilidad más prevenibles en Estados Unidos. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html"&gt;gonorrea&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html"&gt;clamidia&lt;/a&gt;, dos infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), son las causas más comunes, pero existen otras bacterias que también pueden causarla. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted está en riesgo si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una vida sexual activa y es menor de 25 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene más de una pareja sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utiliza duchas vaginales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas mujeres no tienen síntomas. Otras tienen dolor en la parte baja del abdomen, fiebre, secreción vaginal con mal olor, hemorragia irregular o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales o al orinar. Los antibióticos pueden curar esta enfermedad. Es importante iniciar el tratamiento temprano ya que esperar demasiado aumenta el riesgo de infertilidad. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html" id="3044" language="English">Pelvic Inflammatory Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<see-reference>EIP</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inflamación pélvica, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pid/es/about/acerca-de-la-enfermedad-inflamatoria-pelvica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pid/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000710.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ducha vaginal" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001484.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pelvic-inflammatory-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pelvic-inflammatory-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000888.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/enfermedad-inflamatoria-pelvica/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-inflamatoria-pelvica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pelvic-inflammatory-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia diagnóstica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria Bartonella henselae. Síntomas y tratamiento aquí." title="Enfermedad por arañazo de gato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/catscratchdisease.html" id="4321" language="Spanish" date-created="05/08/2007">
<also-called>Bartonellosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria Bartonella henselae. Casi la mitad de los gatos son portadores de la infección en algún momento. La infección no enferma a los gatos. Sin embargo, el arañazo o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html"&gt;mordedura&lt;/a&gt; de un gato infectado puede causar síntomas en las personas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;Ganglios linfáticos&lt;/a&gt; hinchados, especialmente alrededor de la cabeza, el cuello y las extremidades superiores  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de cabeza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fatiga &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida del apetito  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, la EAG puede causarles problemas más serios. La mejor forma de evitar la EAG es evitar los juegos rudos con los gatos que pudieran conducir a arañazos o mordidas. Si recibe un arañazo o una mordida, lávela bien con agua y jabón. Si la mordida o el arañazo se infectan o si tiene síntomas de EAG, llame al médico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/catscratchdisease.html" id="4320" language="English">Cat Scratch Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Enfermedad del arañazo de gato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001614.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por arañazo de gato" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-por-aranazo-de-gato-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cat-scratch-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por arañazo de gato" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/Cat-Scratch-Disease.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Cat-Scratch-Disease.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras y arañazos de animal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bites.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bites.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial causa inflamación o cicatrización de los pulmones. También se le llama enfermedad pulmonar difusa." title="Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5598" language="Spanish" date-created="08/31/2010">
<also-called>Enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial es el nombre de un grupo de enfermedades que causan inflamación o cicatrización de los pulmones. Esto hace que sea difícil obtener suficiente oxígeno. La cicatrización se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html"&gt;fibrosis pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La inhalación de polvo u otras partículas en el aire son responsables de algunos tipos de enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales. Los tipos específicos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedad del pulmón negro entre los mineros que resulta de la inhalación del polvo del carbón mineral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neumopatía de los granjeros debido a la inhalación del polvo proveniente del heno mohoso, la paja y los granos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asbestosis, por la inhalación de fibras de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html"&gt;asbesto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Siderosis debido a la inhalación de polvo de hierro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Silicosis que resulta de la inhalación de polvo que contiene sílice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otras causas son las enfermedades autoinmunes o la exposición ocupacional a los mohos, gases o vapores. Algunos tipos de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial no tienen causa conocida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tipo de exposición y la etapa de la enfermedad. Puede tratarse con medicamentos, terapia de oxígeno o, en casos más severos, con un trasplante de pulmón.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5597" language="English">Interstitial Lung Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html" id="1758">Asbesto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125">Enfermedades de los pulmones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html" id="2114">Fibrosis pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5981">Rehabilitación pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html" id="2061">Salud ocupacional</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intersticial, Enfermedad pulmonar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pulmón, Enfermedad intersticial</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001089.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis industrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000072.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ponerse y quitarse adecuadamente un respirador desechable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-133_sp/pdfs/2010-133_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad respiratoria" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dificultad-respiratoria/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000128.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/diffuselung">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353113?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad respiratoria ocupacional" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-respiratoria-ocupacional-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/occupational-respiratory-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falta de aire" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/falta-de-aire-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histiocitosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000068.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/langerhans/paciente/tratamiento-langerhans-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/langerhans/patient/langerhans-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/enfermedades-pulmonares-intersticiales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-enfermedades-pulmonares-intersticiales">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumoconiosis de los mineros del carbón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000130.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumoconiosis reumatoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000137.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352623?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352623?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis por hipersensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonías intersticiales idiopáticas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/enfermedades-pulmonares-intersticiales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-neumon%C3%ADas-intersticiales-idiop%C3%A1ticas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/interstitial-lung-diseases/overview-of-idiopathic-interstitial-pneumonias">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000134.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis: El trabajo con tejas de cemento, el peligro de la sílice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2006-110_sp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis: ¡Conozca los datos!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-108_sp/pdfs/2004-108sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-108/pdfs/2004-108.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con oxígeno: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La insuficiencia renal crónica significa que sus riñones están afectados y no pueden filtrar la sangre como deberían. Entérese qué sucede entonces." title="Enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5988" language="Spanish" date-created="02/29/2012">
<also-called>Falla crónica de los riñones</also-called>
<also-called>Falla renal crónica</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia crónica del riñón</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia renal de tipo crónico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene dos riñones, cada uno cerca del tamaño de su puño. Su función principal es filtrar su sangre. Ellos eliminan el desecho y el exceso de agua, lo que se vuelve orina. También mantienen el equilibrio químico del cuerpo, ayudan a controlar la presión arterial y a producir hormonas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad renal crónica significa que sus riñones están dañados y no pueden filtrar la sangre como deberían. Este daño puede ocasionar que los desechos se acumulen en su cuerpo y causen otros problemas que podrían perjudicar su salud. La diabetes y la hipertensión arterial son las causas más comunes de enfermedad renal crónica. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El daño renal se produce lentamente durante muchos años. Muchas personas no tienen ningún síntoma hasta que la enfermedad renal está  muy avanzada. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;análisis de sangre y orina&lt;/a&gt; son la única manera de saber si usted tiene enfermedad renal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos no pueden curar la enfermedad renal, pero pueden retrasarla. Incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para reducir la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;, controlar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt; y reducir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;. La enfermedad renal crónica aún puede empeorar con el tiempo. A veces puede conducir a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;. Si sus riñones fallan, necesitará &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de riñón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tomar estas medidas para mantener sus riñones sanos por más tiempo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Elija alimentos con menos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt; (sodio)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controle su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;. Su proveedor de salud puede decirle cuál debe ser su presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, mantenga su nivel de azúcar en la sangre bajo control&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limite la cantidad de alcohol que bebe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Elija alimentos que sean saludables para su corazón: Frutas, verduras, granos integrales y productos lácteos bajos en grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene sobrepeso, baje de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manténgase físicamente activo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fume&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5987" language="English">Chronic Kidney Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html" id="3790">Diálisis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990">Insuficiencia renal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Riñones, Enfermedad crónica</see-reference>
<site title="Anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causas de enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comer correctamente en la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/alimentos-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/eating-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comiendo fuera de casa con confianza" url="https://www.kidney.org/es/kidney-topics/comiendo-fuera-de-casa-con-confianza" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/dining-out-confidence-dialysis">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional del Riñón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/control" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para la enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002442.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para personas vegetarianas que padecen problemas renales: ¿Qué ocurre con las proteínas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y nutrición para adultos con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/alimentos-nutricion/dieta-nutricion-adultos-enfermedad-renal-cronica-avanzada" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/eating-nutrition/nutrition-advanced-chronic-kidney-disease-adults">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-cronica-de-los-rinones-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/es/todo-sobre-los-rinones/la-enfermedad-renal-cronica-erc" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fondo Estadounidense sobre los Riñones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000471.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión renovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000204.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la ECA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sanos sus riñones: Detecte a tiempo las enfermedades renales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-sanos-sus-rinones">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgsuNENNKbs">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición para los niños con enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/ninos/nutricion-ninos-enfermedad-renal-cronica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/helping-child-adapt-life-chronic-kidney-disease/nutrition-chronic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de creatinina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de suplementos de hierbas en la insuficiencia renal crónica" url="https://www.kidney.org/node/25438" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/herbal-supplements-and-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional del Riñón</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Dietas con alto contenido de proteínas son seguras para perder peso?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Mi hijo corre riesgo de tener la enfermedad de los riñones?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/ninos/hijo-riesgo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la enfermedad crónica de los riñones?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBgrZATw11o">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la enfermedad de los riñones?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/que-es" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, su sistema inmunitario ataca las células sanas de su cuerpo por error. Diagnóstico y enfermedades específicas aquí." title="Enfermedades autoinmunes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html" id="1764" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las enfermedades autoinmunes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; lo protege de enfermedades e infecciones al atacar los gérmenes que entran a su cuerpo, como virus y bacterias. Su sistema inmunitario puede discernir que los gérmenes no son parte de su organismo, por lo que los destruye. Si tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, su sistema inmunitario ataca por error las células sanas de sus órganos y tejidos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay más de 80 tipos de enfermedades autoinmunes. Pueden afectar a casi cualquier parte de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, la alopecia areata es una enfermedad autoinmune de la piel que provoca la caída del cabello. La hepatitis autoinmune afecta al hígado. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, el sistema inmunitario ataca al páncreas. Y en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;, el sistema inmunitario puede atacar muchas partes del cuerpo, incluyendo articulaciones, pulmones y los ojos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las enfermedades autoinmunes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce por qué ocurren las enfermedades autoinmunes. Pero no se pueden contagiar a otras personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades autoinmunes tienden a ser hereditarias, lo que significa que ciertos genes pueden hacer que algunas personas sean más propensas a desarrollar una afección. Los virus, ciertos productos químicos y otros elementos en el medio ambiente pueden desencadenar una enfermedad autoinmune si posee los genes que lo predisponen a ello.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener enfermedades autoinmunes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Millones de personas de todas las edades padecen enfermedades autoinmunes. Las mujeres desarrollan muchos tipos de enfermedades autoinmunes con mucha más frecuencia que los hombres. Y si tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, es más probable que tenga otra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades autoinmunes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de una enfermedad autoinmune dependen de la parte del cuerpo afectada. Muchos tipos de enfermedades autoinmunes causan enrojecimiento, hinchazón, calor y dolor, que son los signos y síntomas de la inflamación. Pero otras enfermedades pueden causar estos mismos síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las enfermedades autoinmunes pueden aparecer y desaparecer. Durante un "brote", sus síntomas pueden volverse severos por un tiempo. Más adelante, es posible que tenga una remisión, lo que significa que sus síntomas mejoran o desaparecen por un período de tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades autoinmunes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los profesionales de la salud  tienen dificultades para diagnosticar enfermedades autoinmunes. Por lo general, no existe una prueba específica que confirme si tiene cierta enfermedad autoinmune. Y los síntomas pueden resultar confusos. Esto se debe a que muchas enfermedades autoinmunes tienen síntomas similares. Y algunos síntomas, como los dolores musculares, son comunes en muchas otras afecciones, por lo que puede llevar mucho tiempo y algunas visitas a diferentes tipos de médicos para obtener un diagnóstico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a su médico a averiguar si una enfermedad autoinmune está causando sus síntomas, usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Informarse sobre las afecciones de salud en su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html"&gt;historia familiar&lt;/a&gt;. ¿Qué problemas de salud tenían sus abuelos, tías, tíos y primos? Escriba lo que aprenda y hable con su profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Llevar una lista de sus síntomas, incluyendo cuánto duran y qué los mejora o empeora. Comparta sus notas con su profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consultar a un especialista sobre los síntomas que más le molestan. Por ejemplo, si tiene sarpullido, consulte a un dermatólogo (médico de la piel)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades autoinmunes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la enfermedad. En la mayoría de los casos, el objetivo del tratamiento es inhibir (ralentizar) su sistema inmunitario y aliviar la hinchazón, el enrojecimiento y el dolor causado por la inflamación. Es posible que su profesional de la salud le recete &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; (esteroides) u otros medicamentos para ayudarle a sentirse mejor. Para algunas enfermedades, es posible que necesite tratamiento por el resto de su vida.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html" id="154" language="English">Autoimmune Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="2128">Artritis reumatoide</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985">Diabetes tipo 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html" id="1722">Enfermedad de Addison</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html" id="2041">Esclerosis múltiple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html" id="2014">Lupus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html" id="2045">Miastenia grave</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html" id="1927">Síndrome de Guillain-Barré</related-topic>
<site title="Anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/anticuerpos-antinucleares-ana" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/antinuclear-antibodies-ana">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Inmunoglobulina A" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-iga.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-iga.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del complemento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-complemento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complement-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el sistema inmunitario con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004008.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco enfermedades autoinmunitarias comunes" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/5-enfermedades-autoinmunitarias-comunes" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-common-autoimmune-diseases">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria (cirrosis biliar primaria)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-biliar-primaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-biliary-cholangitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complemento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003456.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componente 3 del complemento (C3)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003539.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componente 4 del complemento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003354.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprender las enfermedades autoinmunes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/comprender-las-enfermedades-autoinmunes" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/06/understanding-autoimmune-diseases">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/embarazo-y-enfermedad-reumatica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/pregnancy-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000142.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades autoinmunes" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/autoimmune-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/autoimmune-diseases">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades autoinmunitarias" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/enfermedades-autoinmunitarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/autoimmune-diseases">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades autoinmunitarias: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/enfermedades-autoinmunitarias-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/autoimmune-diseases-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre mediterránea familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000363.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre mediterránea familiar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis autoinmunitaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-autoinmunitaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/autoimmune-hepatitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis autoinmunitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000245.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuromielitis óptica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuromielitis-optica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuromyelitis-optica">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteína C reactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de inmunofijación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-inmunofijacion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de inmunoglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-inmunoglobulinas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas analíticas de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003535.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas analíticas para hepatopatía autoinmunitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003328.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/immune.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/immune.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/immune.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome antifosfolípido" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindrome-antifosfolipidico">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome miasténico de Lambert-Eaton" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000710.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos autoinmunitarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000816.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un reumatólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-rheumatologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Rheumatologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Cómo el calor afecta al cuerpo? Información sobre cómo prevenir las enfermedades por el calor y sus síntomas aquí." title="Enfermedades causadas por el calor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html" id="1946" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Hipertermia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;En general, su cuerpo se enfría mediante la sudoración. En los climas calurosos, especialmente con altos niveles de humedad, la sudoración no es suficiente para enfriar su cuerpo. La temperatura corporal puede elevarse hasta niveles peligrosos y es posible desarrollar enfermedades causadas por el calor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las enfermedades causadas por el calor ocurren cuando permanece expuesto al calor demasiado tiempo. Hacer ejercicio o trabajar al aire libre también puede causar enfermedades por calor. Los adultos mayores, los niños pequeños y las personas enfermas o con sobrepeso tienen un riesgo mayor. Tomar algunas medicinas o consumir alcohol también puede aumentar su riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades relacionadas con el calor incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Golpe de calor: Una enfermedad peligrosa para la vida en la cual la temperatura corporal puede subir por encima de los 106 °F en minutos (41 ºC). Los síntomas incluyen piel seca, pulso rápido y fuerte, mareos, nausea y confusión. Si ve alguno de estos signos, busque ayuda médica de inmediato &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Agotamiento por calor: Una enfermedad que puede ocurrir después de varios días expuesto a altas temperaturas y sin suficientes líquidos. Los síntomas incluyen sudoración profusa, respiración rápida y pulso rápido y débil. Si no recibe tratamiento, puede preceder al golpe de calor &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres por calor: Dolores o espasmos musculares que ocurren durante el ejercicio intenso. En general, puede sufrirlos en el abdomen, los brazos o las piernas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Erupciones cutáneas por calor: Irritación de la piel por exceso de sudoración. Es más común en niños pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedades causadas por el calor bebiendo líquidos para evitar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;, reemplazar la sal y minerales perdidos y limitar el tiempo de exposición al calor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html" id="280" language="English">Heat Illness</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html" id="6052">Deshidratación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html" id="2179">Exposición al sol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Calor, Enfermedades causadas por el</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insolación</see-reference>
<site title="Agotamiento por calor y golpe de calor" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/agotamiento-por-calor-y-golpe-de-calor-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heat-exhaustion-heatstroke/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calor extremo" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/calor-extremo" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/heat">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calor extremo" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/calor-extremo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calor extremo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/extremeheat/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calor y los adultos mayores" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/older-adults-heat.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/risk-factors/extreme-heat-and-older-adults-aged-65.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Combatir el calor: Protegerse en el verano" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/combatir-el-calor" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/06/beat-heat">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para personas mayores cuando hacen ejercicio al aire libre" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cruz Roja Americana" url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Cruz Roja Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando calienta el sol: Tomar medidas necesarias en caso de calor excesivo" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100012N.PDF" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/research/aging/factsheets/itdhpfehe-rd.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidarte cuando estás al sol" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/summer-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/summer-safety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar el sobrecalentamiento al hacer ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergencias por el calor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000056.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000056.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exceso de calor en la construcción" url="https://www.elcosh.org/record/document/2154/d000024-s.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Construcción</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Golpe de calor y vehículos calientes" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/en-espanol/golpe-de-calor-y-vehiculos-calientes" language-mapped-url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/health--safety-tips/heat-stroke-and-hot-cars">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertermia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/hipertermia/hipertermia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/hot-weather-safety-older-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información acerca del calor extremo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/about/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia al calor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003094.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003094.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Los días más calurosos ponen en riesgo la salud humana" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-dias-mas-calurosos-ponen-en-riesgo-la-salud-humana" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hotter-days-put-human-health-at-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantener a los niños seguros ante los peligros de los autos calientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hot-car-dangers.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hot-car-dangers.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manténgase fresco cuando hace mucho calor" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/calorextremo/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre el calor extremo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/faq.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/faq.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase del estrés por calor" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-114_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-114/pdfs/2010-114.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas de advertencia de enfermedades relacionadas con el calor" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/warning.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos causados por el calor" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/heat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/heat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas en la boca pueden dificultar comer, beber o hasta sonreír. Inclyen enfermedades en la lengua, como el herpes, mal aliento, boca seca y más." title="Enfermedades de la boca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades bucales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La boca es una de las partes más importantes de su cuerpo. Cumple muchas funciones diferentes. Le permite:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consumir alimentos y líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inhalar y exhalar aire&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comenzar la digestión, con sus dientes masticando la comida y sus glándulas salivales produciendo saliva que ayuda a ablandar los alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar y cantar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Demostrar emociones, como sonreír o hacer pucheros &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier problema que afecte la boca puede dificultarle comer, beber o hasta sonreír. Algunos problemas comunes de la boca son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html"&gt;Herpes labial&lt;/a&gt;: Llagas dolorosas en los labios y alrededor de la boca causadas por un virus &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html"&gt;Aftas bucales&lt;/a&gt;: Úlceras dolorosas en la boca, causadas por bacterias o virus &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Muguet o candidiasis oral: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;Infección por cándida&lt;/a&gt; que causa manchas blancas en la boca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Leucoplaquia: Parches blancos formados por exceso de crecimiento celular en la mucosa de las mejillas, las encías o la lengua, común en los fumadores &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;Boca seca&lt;/a&gt;: Falta de suficiente saliva, causada por algunas medicinas y enfermedades &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html"&gt;encías&lt;/a&gt; o los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html"&gt;dientes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html"&gt;Mal aliento&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los trastornos de la boca varía dependiendo del problema. Si el problema de la boca es causado por otra afección, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar. Es importante mantener la boca limpia mediante el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental en forma frecuente, y evitar el tabaco. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594" language="English">Mouth Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html" id="2200">Adenoides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html" id="6054">Aftas bucales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html" id="5799">Boca seca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html" id="1931">Cáncer de cabeza y cuello</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html" id="2062">Cáncer oral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html" id="2261">Enfermedades de la garganta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html" id="1928">Enfermedades de las encías</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="2132">Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html" id="5148">Herpes labial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html" id="2174">Infecciones por estreptococo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1872">Problemas para tragar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html" id="1847">Salud dental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonguedisorders.html" id="5267">Trastornos de la lengua</related-topic>
<see-reference>Boca, Enfermedades de</see-reference>
<site title="Babeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003048.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la encía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión orofaríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca y los dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca y los dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis bucal en niños y adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000626.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidosis oral" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis perioral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001455.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (de términos dentales)" url="https://www.mouthhealthy.org/es-MX/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosodinia (síndrome de boca ardiente)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-ardor-en-la-boca-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpangina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000969.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importancia de la saliva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-sorpresa-que-le-hara-salivar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/spit-happens">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucoplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001046.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquen plano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000867.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llagas en la boca provocadas por el tratamiento oncológico: Cómo afrontarlas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/mouth-sores/art-20045486?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/mouth-sores/ART-20045486?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mioclono palatino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001637.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucositis oral: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muguet (candidiasis oral)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thrush.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thrush.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la boca" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la boca en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste mucoso oral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001639.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la boca ardiente" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/sindrome-boca-ardiente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/burning-mouth">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores bucales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-orales-y-dentales/tumores-bucales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/symptoms-of-oral-and-dental-disorders/mouth-growths">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH/sida y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/vih-sida-y-la-salud-oral" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hiv-aids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras bucales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001448.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras bucales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003059.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas de la córnea incluyen errores de refracción como el astigmatismo pero también infecciones, lesiones, alergias. Infórmese aquí." title="Enfermedades de la córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornealdisorders.html" id="5533" language="Spanish" date-created="06/21/2010">
<also-called>Enfermedad corneal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su córnea es la capa externa del ojo. Es transparente y tiene la forma de una cúpula. La córnea ayuda a proteger el ojo de gérmenes, polvo y otros materiales dañinos. También ayuda al ojo a enfocar. Si usted usa lentes de contacto, estos flotan sobre su córnea. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de la córnea incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;Errores de refracción&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alergias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distrofias: Afecciones en las que algunas partes de la córnea pierden transparencia debido a la acumulación de material turbio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de las enfermedades de la córnea incluye medicinas, trasplante y cirugía láser. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; Instituto Nacional del Ojo&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cornealdisorders.html" id="5532" language="English">Corneal Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html" id="2122">Errores de refracción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinfections.html" id="4399">Infecciones de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html" id="1895">Lesiones del ojo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Córnea, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<site title="Abrasiones corneales (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/corneal-abrasions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/corneal-abrasions.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abrasiones en la córnea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/abrasiones-en-la-cornea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/corneal-abrasions/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras transplante de córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000243.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arenosidad del ojo" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas/arenosidad-del-ojo">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Córnea opaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003317.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofia de Fuchs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007295.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones relacionadas con el uso de lentes de contacto" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/infecciones-relacionadas-con-lentes-de-contacto-2" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/contact-lens-related-eye-infections">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión corneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001017.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los ojos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratitis intersticial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001609.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratitis ulcerativa periférica" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-c%C3%B3rnea/queratitis-ulcerativa-perif%C3%A9rica" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/corneal-disorders/peripheral-ulcerative-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratocono" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001013.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ojo seco" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/sindrome-del-ojo-seco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción del ojo con fluoresceína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003845.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003008.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de córnea" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/trasplante-de-cornea">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100082_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100082_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la distrofia de Fuchs?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/distrofia-de-fuchs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis bacteriana?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-bacteriana" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-bacterial-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis fúngica?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-fungica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-fungal-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis herpética?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-herpetica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/herpes-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un queratocono?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratocono">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una abrasión de la córnea?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/abrasion-de-la-cornea">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una laceración de la córnea?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-una-laceracion-de-la-cornea" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-corneal-laceration">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una pingüécula y un pterigio?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/pinguecula-pterigio" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/pinguecula-pterygium">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una úlcera de la córnea?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ulcera-de-la-cornea" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/corneal-ulcer">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras e infecciones corneales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001032.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades de la garganta incluyen, dolor de garganta, cáncer, infecciones y más. Infórmese aquí." title="Enfermedades de la garganta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html" id="2261" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida hacia el esófago y el aire a la tráquea y la laringe. El nombre técnico de su garganta es faringe. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas en la garganta son comunes. Probablemente, alguna vez tuvo un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;. La causa suele ser una infección viral, pero otras causas incluyen alergias, infecciones por la bacteria &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;estreptococo&lt;/a&gt; o ácidos del estómago que regresan al esófago, llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;reflujo gástroesofágico&lt;/a&gt;, o ERGE.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otros problemas que afectan la garganta incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html"&gt;Amigdalitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html"&gt;Crup&lt;/a&gt;: Inflamación, usualmente en niños pequeños, que causa una tos seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Faringitis: Inflamación de la faringe, lo que puede causar ronquera o pérdida de la voz&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los problemas de la garganta son menores y desaparecen por si solos. Cuando es necesario un tratamiento, depende del problema.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html" id="1660" language="English">Throat Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html" id="2200">Adenoides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html" id="1931">Cáncer de cabeza y cuello</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html" id="4749">Dolor de garganta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1872">Problemas para tragar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html" id="2255">Trastornos de la voz</related-topic>
<see-reference>Garganta, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso retrofaríngeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000984.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis estreptocócica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-la-garganta-por-estreptococos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/strep-throat/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis estreptocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000639.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión orofaríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crup: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de muestra faríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003746.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de garganta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dolor-de-garganta-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sore-throat/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epiglotitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000605.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escarlatina" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scarlet-fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scarlet-fever.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpangina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000969.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón del cuello" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/hinchazon-del-cuello/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/neck-swelling/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección de garganta (faringitis, amigdalitis, faringoamigdalitis)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-boca-y-la-garganta/infecci%C3%B3n-de-garganta">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001385.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringoceles" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-laringe/laringoceles" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/laryngeal-disorders/laryngoceles">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringoscopia y nasolaringoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007507.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia glosofaríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001636.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de las vías respiratorias altas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000067.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un exudado faríngeo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-strep.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente o papilomatosis laríngea" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la garganta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-garganta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/throat-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estreptococos A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-a/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-a-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba estreptocócica: Cultivo de exudado faríngeo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest11.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest11.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba estreptocócica: Rápida" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-rapid-strep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-rapid-strep.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo es un dolor de garganta una infección más grave?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/when-a-sore-thoat-is-a-more-serious-infection.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/pages/When-a-Sore-Thoat-is-a-More-Serious-Infection.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La pituitaria es la &quot;glándula de control maestro&quot;: produce hormonas que afectan las funciones de otras glándulas. Condiciones que pueden afectarla aquí." title="Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html" id="2091" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades pituitarias</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La glándula pituitaria es una glándula del tamaño de un guisante que se encuentra en la base del cerebro. La pituitaria es la "glándula de control maestro" - produce hormonas que afectan el crecimiento y las funciones de las otras glándulas del cuerpo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una enfermedad de la glándula pituitaria puede causar la producción de pocas o muchas hormonas. Algunas lesiones pueden causar trastornos de la glándula pituitaria, pero la causa más común es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html"&gt;tumor&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;


</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html" id="362" language="English">Pituitary Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html" id="5329">Tumores de la glándula pituitaria</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acromegalia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Craneofaringioma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Galactorrea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glándula pituitaria, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipopituitarismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipófisis, Infarto de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pituitario, Tumor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prolactinoma</see-reference>
<site title="Examen de corticotropina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona antidiurética en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003702.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona luteinizante (HL) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003710.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de T4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de TBG en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen para la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003706.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactorrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/galactorrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/galactorrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gigantismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001174.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001174.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glándula pituitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipopituitarismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000343.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infarto de la hipófisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001167.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia adenohipofisiaria (hipopituitarismo)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/insuficiencia-adenohipofisaria-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la hipófisis" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/trastornos-de-la-hip%C3%B3fisis/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-hip%C3%B3fisis">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estimulación con corticotropina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003696.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estimulación de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003377.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de IGF-1 (factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina 1)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de inhibición de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003376.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona luteinizante (HL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la silla turca vacía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000349.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sheehan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001175.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre condiciones que pueden afectar la médula espinal, la parte del sistema nervioso que transmite mensajes desde y hacia el cerebro." title="Enfermedades de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcorddiseases.html" id="2163" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La médula espinal es la parte del sistema nervioso que transmite mensajes desde y hasta el cerebro. Se encuentra dentro de las vértebras, que son los discos óseos que forman la columna vertebral. Normalmente, las vértebras protegen la médula espinal. Cuando eso no ocurre, puede ocurrir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;lesión de la médula espinal&lt;/a&gt;. Además de las lesiones, en la médula espinal pueden aparecer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tumores &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html"&gt;poliomielitis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades inflamatorias &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades autoinmunes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades degenerativas, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;esclerosis lateral amiotrófica&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html"&gt;atrofia muscular espinal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas varían pero pueden incluir dolor, entumecimiento, pérdida de la sensación y debilidad muscular. Estos síntomas pueden ocurrir alrededor de la médula espinal y también en otras áreas, como en los brazos y las piernas. Los tratamientos varían, pero con frecuencia incluyen medicinas y cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcorddiseases.html" id="410" language="English">Spinal Cord Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="2274">Atrofia muscular espinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="1739">Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html" id="2162">Espina bífida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html" id="2166">Estenosis espinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syringomyelia.html" id="2182">Siringomielia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="2164">Traumatismo de la médula espinal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cavernosas, Malformaciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Espinal, Tumor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Malformaciones cavernosos de la médula espinal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mielitis transversa</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mielopatía cervical espondilótica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mielopatía sifilítica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Médula espinal, Absceso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Médula espinal, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Médula espinal, Malformaciones cavernosos</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001405.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001416.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumores de células germinativas del sistema nervioso central infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-snc-infantil-pdq#_152" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-germ-cell-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración combinada subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000723.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre los tumores de encéfalo y los tumores de médula espinal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/tumores-de-encefalo-o-de-medula-espinal/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen neurológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fuga del LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores de células germinativas del sistema nervioso central infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-snc-infantil-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los trastornos de la médula espinal" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/overview-of-spinal-cord-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis transversa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/mielitis-transversa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/transverse-myelitis-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielopatía cervical espondilótica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mielopatia-cervical-espondilotica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cervical-spondylotic-myelopathy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielopatía sifilítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000729.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de Tarlov" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12006/quiste-de-tarlov/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema nervioso central: Cerebro (encéfalo) y médula espinal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de la médula espinal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor medular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001403.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores cerebrales y espinales" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/tumores-del-cerebro-y-de-la-medula-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La médula ósea es el tejido esponjoso que se encuentra dentro de sus huesos. Entérese sobre las condiciones que pueden afectarla aquí." title="Enfermedades de la médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="1781" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La médula ósea es el tejido esponjoso que se encuentra dentro de sus huesos, como en la cadera y el hueso del muslo. Contiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;células madre&lt;/a&gt;. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse hasta ser glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a su cuerpo, glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y plaquetas que ayudan a la coagulación de la sangre. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con la enfermedad de médula ósea, hay problemas con las células madre o con su desarrollo:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt;, un cáncer de la sangre, la médula ósea produce glóbulos blancos anormales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html"&gt;anemia aplásica&lt;/a&gt;, la médula ósea no produce glóbulos rojos &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En las enfermedades mieloproliferativas, la médula ósea produce demasiados glóbulos blancos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otras enfermedades como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html"&gt;linfoma&lt;/a&gt; pueden diseminarse a la médula ósea y afectar la producción de células sanguíneas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de las enfermedades de la medula ósea incluyen factores genéticos y ambientales. Las pruebas incluyen análisis de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html"&gt;sangre&lt;/a&gt; y de médula ósea. Los tratamientos dependen del trastorno y de su severidad. Pueden involucrar medicinas, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusiones de sangre&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="171" language="English">Bone Marrow Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html" id="1743">Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html" id="2040">Mieloma múltiple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html" id="5551">Síndromes mielodisplásicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1782">Trasplante de médula ósea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mielofibrosis idiopática</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mieloproliferativos, Trastornos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Médula ósea, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Policitemia vera</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trombocitemia</see-reference>
<site title="Agranulocitosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001295.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia de Diamond-Blackfan" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diamond-blackfan-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diamond-blackfan-anemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (neoplasias mielodisplásicas o mieloproliferativas)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_72" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_156">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento de las neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq#_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_28">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspirado medular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003658.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de reticulocitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-de-reticulocitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/reticulocyte-count/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de reticulocitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003637.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003682.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de eritropoyetina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003683.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000534.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre las neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielomonocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_23" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#section/_278">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielomonocítica juvenil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_39" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_294">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielógena crónica atípica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_147" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_257">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/FS19S_Pain_Mgt_FactSheet_0423_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielofibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000531.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielofibrosis" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS14S_Myelofibrosis_FactSheet_SPA10.12%20FINAL.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielofibrosis primaria" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq#_135" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_234">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neoplasia mielodisplásica o mieloproliferativa no clasificada" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_159" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_307">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Policitemia vera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000589.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Policitemia vera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/policitemia-vera-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/polycythemia-vera.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitemia esencial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000543.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitemia esencial" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq#_149" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq#_245">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitemia y trombocitosis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trombocitopenia-trombocitosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombocythemia-thrombocytosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La paratiroides se encuentra sobre la glándula tiroides. Aunque sus nombres son similares, la tiroides y las paratiroides son diferentes. Entérese aquí." title="Enfermedades de la paratiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="2079" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas tiene cuatro glándulas del tamaño de un guisante, llamadas paratiroides, sobre la glándula tiroides que se encuentra en el cuello. Aunque sus nombres son similares, las tiroides y las paratiroides son completamente diferentes. Las glándulas paratiroides producen la hormona paratiroidea (PTH, por sus siglas en inglés), que ayuda al cuerpo a mantener el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si las glándulas paratiroideas producen cantidades excesivas o muy bajas de hormona, alteran el equilibrio. Si segregan demasiada PTH, el cuadro se denomina hiperparatiroidismo y el nivel de calcio en la sangre aumenta. En muchos casos, un tumor benigno (no canceroso) en las paratiroides aumenta su actividad. En otros casos, el exceso de hormonas puede provenir de glándulas paratiroides aumentadas de tamaño. En muy raros casos, la causa es un cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no se produce suficiente cantidad de PTH, el cuadro se denomina hipoparatiroidismo. La sangre tendrá muy poco calcio y una excesiva cantidad de fósforo. Entre las causas se encuentran las lesiones de las glándulas, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;trastornos endocrinos&lt;/a&gt; o los cuadros genéticos. El tratamiento se enfoca en recuperar el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="356" language="English">Parathyroid Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hiperparatiroidismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipoparatiroidismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paratiroides, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<site title="Adenoma paratiroideo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001188.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras hipercalciemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento de cáncer de paratiroides" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/paratiroides/paciente/tratamiento-paratiroides-pdq#_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq#_27">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio ionizado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003486.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de paratiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007264.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de paratiroides" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/paratiroides/paciente/tratamiento-paratiroides-pdq#_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq#_21">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003477.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona paratiroidea (PTH) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003690.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de proteína relacionada con la hormona paratiroidea en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003691.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de las glándulas paratiroideas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002931.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipercalcemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000365.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperparatiroidismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hiperparatiroidismo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hyperparathyroidism/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperparatiroidismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001215.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001215.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperplasia paratiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001189.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001189.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoparatiroidismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000385.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de paratiroides" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/paratiroides/paciente/tratamiento-paratiroides-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteítis fibrosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001252.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paratiroidectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100093_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100093_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcio en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-in-urine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de fosfato en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-fosfato-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phosphate-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hormona paratiroidea (PTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hormona-paratiroidea-pth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/parathyroid-hormone-pth-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre la función que cumple la piel en nuestro cuerpo, así como las condiciones que pueden desarrollarse, como manchas o celulitis. Más aquí." title="Enfermedades de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html" id="2150" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades cutáneas</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas dermatológicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Para qué sirve la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La piel es el órgano más grande del cuerpo, cubriendo todo su exterior. Hay muchas maneras en que la piel le protege y ayuda a mantenerse saludable. Por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Retiene los fluidos corporales, lo que ayuda a evitar que se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidrate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evita el ingreso de gérmenes dañinos, lo que ayuda a prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le ayuda a sentir sensaciones como calor, frío y dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayuda a controlar la temperatura del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Produce &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; cuando se expone al sol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Protege su cuerpo contra el calor y la luz&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas y enfermedades pueden afectar la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos problemas y enfermedades diferentes que pueden afectar su piel. Algunos de ellos pueden causar síntomas incómodos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html"&gt;picazón&lt;/a&gt;, ardor, enrojecimiento y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;. También pueden afectar su apariencia. Algunas de las afecciones de la piel más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html"&gt;Acné&lt;/a&gt;: Causa granos cuando los folículos pilosos debajo de la piel se bloquean&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;Quemaduras&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;Cortes y raspaduras&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html"&gt;Caspa&lt;/a&gt;: Descamación de la piel del cuero cabelludo (la parte de arriba de la cabeza)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html"&gt;Eccema&lt;/a&gt; (dermatitis atópica): Causa inflamación, enrojecimiento e irritación de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html"&gt;Urticaria&lt;/a&gt;: Protuberancias rojas que a veces pican en la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;Picaduras de insectos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html"&gt;Psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;: Causa manchas rojas escamosas que pican&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de piel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo mantener sana la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dado que la piel protege su cuerpo de muchas maneras, es importante tratar de mantener su piel saludable. Por ejemplo, usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar el equipo de protección adecuado, como guantes, mangas largas, rodilleras y coderas; o cascos para protegerse contra cortes, golpes y raspaduras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si se corta o se raspa, limpie de inmediato la herida con jabón y agua tibia. Póngase un vendaje para proteger la piel mientras sana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuando pase tiempo al aire libre, use mangas y pantalones largos y use repelente de insectos para evitar picaduras de insectos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;quemaduras solares&lt;/a&gt; cubriéndose y usando protector solar cuando esté al aire libre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; frecuentemente con agua y jabón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuando se duche o se bañe, use agua tibia (no caliente). Use limpiadores suaves y lave suavemente (no se refriegue la piel)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar humectantes como lociones, cremas o ungüentos, para prevenir la piel seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html" id="40" language="English">Skin Conditions</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html" id="2149">Cáncer de piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html" id="1878">Eccema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html" id="3776">Envejecimiento de la piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html" id="1971">Impétigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html" id="5359">Infecciones de la piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html" id="3068">Picazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html" id="2112">Psoriasis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html" id="1849">Sarpullido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="2151">Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel</related-topic>
<see-reference>Celulitis (grasa)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dermatitis seborreica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intertrigo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Liquen escleroso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Liquen plano</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mastocitosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Piel, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pitiriasis rosada</see-reference>
<see-reference>Púrpura de Schönlein-Henoch</see-reference>
<site title="Afecciones comunes en la piel durante el embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/afecciones-comunes-de-la-piel-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Astillas y otros cuerpos extraños en la piel" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/splinters-and-other-foreign-bodies-in-the-skin.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Splinters-and-Other-Foreign-Bodies-in-the-Skin.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para retiro de lesión cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000918.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoexamen de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-biopsy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el cabello y la piel durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cellulite.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cellulite.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002033.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coloración azul en la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003215.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003215.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componentes de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000029.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para cuidarte la piel" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/skin-tips.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costra láctea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007582.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioterapia para la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007506.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la piel" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/skin-care/art-20048237?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/skin-care/art-20048237?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con las úlceras isquémicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con los colgajos e injertos de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000743.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la piel seca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000751.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000751.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo protegerse de los problemas cutáneos relacionados con el trabajo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/proteccion-de-la-piel-en-el-ambiente-de-trabajo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/skin-problems-how-to-protect-yourself-from-job-related-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reconocer las afecciones comunes de la piel" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-reconocer-las-afecciones-comunes-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/skin-101-identifying-common-conditions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis herpetiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001480.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis perioral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001455.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000963.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis y úlceras por estasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000834.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000834.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermografismo (dermatografía)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dermatographia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371411?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatographia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371411?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia ectodérmica" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/displasia-ectodermica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/ectodermal-dysplasia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Displasia ectodérmica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001469.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfisema subcutáneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003286.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidermólisis ampollosa" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12000/epidermolisis-ampollosa/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epidermólisis ampollosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001457.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidermólisis ampollosa" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/epidermolisis-ampollosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/epidermolysis-bullosa">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eritema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema nudoso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000881.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001458.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupciones cutáneas leves y otros cambios en la piel" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción polimorfa leve" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001477.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de sarpullido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-sarpullido/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rash-evaluation/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen con lámpara de Wood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003386.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cáncer de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-cancer-de-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-cancer-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fosita o papiloma preauricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003304.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granuloma anular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000833.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granuloma piógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001464.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictiosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/Ictiosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ichthyosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ictiosis laminar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000843.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000843.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictiosis recesiva ligada al cromosoma X" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12289/ictiosis-recesiva-ligada-al-cromosoma-x/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ictiosis vulgar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001451.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injerto de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100100_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100100_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injerto de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002982.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intertrigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003223.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intertrigo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/intertrigo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intertrigo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquen plano" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/liquen-plano-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/lichen-planus.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquen plano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000867.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquen plano pigmentoso" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12329/liquen-plano-pigmentoso/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liquen simple crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000872.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Livedo reticularis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001478.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas por estiramiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003287.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastocitosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mastocitosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mastocytosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastocitosis sistémica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/mastocitosis-sistemica">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001367.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Papiloma cutáneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000848.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000848.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parasitosis delirante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/delusional-parasitosis/art-20044996?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/delusional-parasitosis/art-20044996?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel hiperelástica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003280.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, el cabello y las uñas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, pelo y uñas: La capa protectora del cuerpo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pioderma gangrenosum" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11863/pioderma-gangrenosum/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pitiriasis rosada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000871.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pitiriasis rosada" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/pitiriasis-rosada-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/pityriasis-rosea.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pitiriasis rubra pilaris" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001471.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pityriasis rosea" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/pityriasis-rosea.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Pityriasis-Rosea.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos comercializados para eliminar lunares y otras carnosidades en la piel pueden causar daños y cicatrices" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-comercializados-para-eliminar-lunares-y-otras-carnosidades-en-la-piel-pueden-causar" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-marketed-removing-moles-and-other-skin-lesions-can-cause-injuries-scarring">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancias de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003279.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prurito" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/prurito-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pruritus/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003232.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/purpura-de-henoch-schonlein-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratodermia palmoplantar" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12614/queratodermia-palmoplantar/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Queratosis pilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001462.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratosis seborreica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000884.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste epidermoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000842.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000842.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retiro de lesión cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007673.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007673.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signo de Nikolski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003285.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome cardio-facio-cutáneo" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12554/sindrome-cardio-facio-cutaneo/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Gianotti-Crosti" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001446.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Haim-Munk" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12612/sindrome-de-haim-munk/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Papillon-Lefèvre" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12615/sindrome-de-papillon-lefevre/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stevens-johnson-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355936?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stevens-johnson-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355936?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la queratosis actínica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-pdq#_100" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#_100">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu piel" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/skin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/skin.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turgencia cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003281.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis IgA (púrpura de Henoch-Schoenlein)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000425.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vesículas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003939.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xantoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001447.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xerodermia pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001467.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000835.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000835.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las pecas? (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/freckles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/freckles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infórmese sobre las funciones de la próstata y sus enfermedades como cáncer, hiperplasia benigna, prostatitis, entre otras. " title="Enfermedades de la próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html" id="2111" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermades prostáticas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las enfermedades de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos de enfermedades de la próstata:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prostatitis:&lt;/strong&gt; Inflamación (hinchazón y dolor) de la próstata. Es el tipo de problema de próstata más común en personas menores de 50 años. Hay diferentes tipos: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prostatitis crónica:&lt;/strong&gt; También se llama síndrome de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html"&gt;dolor pélvico&lt;/a&gt; crónico. Es el tipo más común de prostatitis&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prostatitis bacteriana aguda:&lt;/strong&gt; Comienza repentinamente a partir de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infección bacteriana&lt;/a&gt; y se trata con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. No es común&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prostatitis bacteriana crónica:&lt;/strong&gt; Ocurre cuando una infección bacteriana sigue reapareciendo. Los síntomas suelen comenzar lentamente. Puede tardar más tiempo en tratarse que la prostatitis bacteriana aguda&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prostatitis asintomática:&lt;/strong&gt; No presenta síntomas y, por lo general, no necesita tratamiento. Es posible que sepa que la tiene después de someterse a pruebas para detectar otros problemas de salud&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;Agrandamiento de la próstata&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; También se llama &lt;strong&gt;hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB)&lt;/strong&gt;. La próstata tiende a agrandarse con la edad. Es por eso que el agrandamiento de la próstata es muy común en las personas mayores y es raro en los menores de 40 años. Cuando la próstata crece, puede presionar la uretra y causar problemas para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html"&gt;orinar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de próstata&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Ocurre cuando se forman células cancerosas en la glándula prostática. El cáncer de próstata es un tipo común de cáncer en personas de 50 años o más. La mayoría de los casos crecen lentamente y es posible que nunca causen problemas de salud, pero algunos son graves&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedades de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona con próstata puede tener problemas de próstata. Pero algunas personas corren un mayor riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que desarrolle &lt;strong&gt;prostatitis&lt;/strong&gt; si tiene:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infección de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt; inferiores (vejiga y uretra), la que puede causar prostatitis bacteriana aguda o crónica&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Daño a los nervios en el tracto urinario inferior debido a una cirugía o una lesión. Esto puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;Estrés&lt;/a&gt; emocional, que puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que desarrolle &lt;strong&gt;agrandamiento de la próstata (HPB)&lt;/strong&gt; si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene 40 años o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene familiares que han tenido hiperplasia prostática benigna&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;problemas circulatorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;No hace suficiente ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que desarrolle &lt;strong&gt;cáncer de próstata&lt;/strong&gt; si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es mayor de 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un padre, hermano o hijo que tiene o ha tenido cáncer de próstata&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es afroamericano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los problemas de próstata incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html"&gt;Necesidad de orinar mucho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Necesidad de correr al baño, pero no poder orinar u orinar solo un poco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Filtración o goteo de orina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener un chorro de orina débil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas dependen del tipo de problema de próstata que tenga y pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No poder orinar en lo absoluto. Esto es una emergencia médica&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Cualquier problema iniciando o controlando el flujo de orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Despertarse con frecuencia para orinar&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/"&gt;Sangre en la orina&lt;/a&gt; u orina que tiene un olor o color inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;, escalofríos o dolor de cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gran malestar o dolor:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Al orinar o después de la eyaculación&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;En su abdomen, entre su escroto y ano, o en su escroto o pene&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hable con su profesional de la salud si tiene alguno de estos síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de la próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene un problema de próstata, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt; y sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer un examen físico.&lt;/strong&gt; El examen puede incluir un examen rectal digital de su próstata. En esta prueba, su proveedor inserta un dedo enguantado en su recto para sentir el tamaño general y la condición de su próstata&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solicitar pruebas, si es necesario.&lt;/strong&gt; Las pruebas pueden incluir:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Exámenes de sangre y orina para buscar infección&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Pruebas urodinámicas para ver qué tan bien puede retener y liberar la orina&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cistoscopia para observar el interior de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html"&gt;uretra&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;vejiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Imágenes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt; ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt; de su próstata y tracto urinario&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Una prueba de sangre de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/"&gt;antígeno prostático específico&lt;/a&gt; (PSA)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de próstata para diagnosticar o descartar cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la enfermedad de la próstata que tenga y de los síntomas que más le molesten.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html" id="7" language="English">Prostate Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html" id="2110">Cáncer de próstata</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hipertrofia prostática benigna (HPB)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prostatitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Próstata, Agrandamiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Próstata, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis del antígeno prostático específico (PSA)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/hoja-informativa-psa" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la prostatitis bacteriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000395.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glóbulos rojos en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glándula prostática inflamada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000050.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección recurrente de la próstata: ¿Cuáles son las opciones de tratamiento?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/expert-answers/prostate-infection/faq-20058501?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/expert-answers/prostate-infection/FAQ-20058501?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Micción dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción urgente o frecuente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la próstata" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/prostata/problemas-prostata" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/prostate-health/prostate-problems">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la próstata" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-prostata" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los genitales en los hombres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/prostatitis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis abacteriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000524.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis bacteriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000519.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retención urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la próstata" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mr_prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mr_prostate">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-del-ri%C3%B1%C3%B3n-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-urinarias/sangre-en-el-semen">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003163.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Significado de los cambios en la próstata: Guía de salud para los hombres" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tacto rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de próstata" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-prostate">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué función cumple la retina? Infórmese sobre el desprendimiento de la retina, retinitis y otras afecciones aquí." title="Enfermedades de la retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html" id="2267" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades retinales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La retina es una capa de tejido en la parte posterior del ojo que percibe la luz y envía las imágenes al cerebro. En el centro de este tejido nervioso se encuentra la mácula. Provee la capacidad de enfoque central y la agudeza necesaria para leer, conducir y ver en forma clara los detalles. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades de la retina afectan este importante tejido. Puede afectarle la vista y algunas son lo suficientemente graves como para causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;ceguera&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos ejemplos son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;Degeneración macular&lt;/a&gt;: Enfermedad que destruye la agudeza de la visión central &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;Enfermedad diabética del ojo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html"&gt;Desprendimiento de retina&lt;/a&gt;: Urgencia médica que ocurre cuando la retina se despega de la parte posterior del ojo &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html"&gt;Retinoblastoma&lt;/a&gt;: Cáncer de la retina. Es más común en niños pequeños &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Membrana epirretínica: Tejido cicatricial en la mácula &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Agujero macular: Pequeña ruptura en la mácula que suele ocurrir en personas mayores de 60 años&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Cuerpos flotantes: Telarañas o pequeñas manchas en el campo de la vista &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html" id="1681" language="English">Retinal Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html" id="2018">Degeneración macular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html" id="6142">Desprendimiento de retina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1853">Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ushersyndrome.html" id="4369">Síndrome de Usher</related-topic>
<see-reference>Desgarro retiniano</see-reference>
<see-reference>Flotadores</see-reference>
<see-reference>Manchas flotantes y centelleos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Retina, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Retinopatia</see-reference>
<site title="Amaurosis fugaz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000784.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía con fluoresceína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003846.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coroidopatía serosa central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001612.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres que afectan la retina" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-retina/c%C3%A1nceres-que-afectan-la-retina" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/cancers-affecting-the-retina">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrorretinografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003388.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con lámpara de hendidura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes caseros de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial y enfermedad ocular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000999.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000999.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el retinoblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/retinoblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-retinoblastoma-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyección intravítrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007629.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión de las arterias retinianas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001028.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión de las venas retinianas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007330.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pliegue macular" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/pliegue-macular" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/macular-pucker">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000106.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis pigmentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001029.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinopatía de la prematuridad" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12595/retinopatia-de-la-prematuridad/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinopatía de la prematuridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001618.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la coriorretinopatía serosa central?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/retinopatia-serosa-central" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-central-serous-retinopathy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la retinitis pigmentaria?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/retinitis-pigmentaria">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un agujero macular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/agujero-macular">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un coloboma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-coloboma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un edema macular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/edema-macular" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-macular-edema">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una arruga o pliegue macular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/arruga-o-pliegue-macular">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las moscas volantes y los centelleos?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/moscas-volantes" language-mapped-url="http://geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/floaters-flashes.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hipotiroidismo e hipertiroidismo son algunas de las condiciones que pueden afectar a la tiroides. Infórmese sobre otras enfermedades." title="Enfermedades de la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html" id="2196" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades tiroideas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La tiroides es una glándula pequeña en forma de mariposa ubicada al frente del cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan la forma en que el cuerpo utiliza la energía. Estas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; afectan a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo y controlan muchas de sus funciones más importantes. Por ejemplo, afectan la respiración, el ritmo cardíaco, el peso, la digestión y el estado de ánimo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedades de la tiroides causan que se produzcan demasiadas o muy pocas hormona. Algunas de las diferentes enfermedades de la tiroides incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bocio: Agrandamiento de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;Hipertiroidismo&lt;/a&gt;: Cuando la glándula tiroides produce más hormona tiroidea de lo que su cuerpo necesita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;Hipotiroidismo&lt;/a&gt;: Cuando la glándula tiroides no produce suficiente hormona tiroidea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nódulos: Bultos en la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiroiditis: Hinchazón de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para el diagnóstico de enfermedades de la tiroides, su profesional de la salud puede usar su historia clínica, un examen físico y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html"&gt;pruebas para la tiroides&lt;/a&gt;. En algunos casos, su proveedor de salud también puede usar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;. El tratamiento depende del problema y cuáles son sus síntomas. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir medicinas, terapia con yodo radiactivo o cirugía de tiroides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html" id="439" language="English">Thyroid Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidcancer.html" id="2195">Cáncer de tiroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6178">Hipertiroidismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html" id="6176">Hipotiroidismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" id="6372">Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bocio</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nódulos en la tiroides</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tiroides, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tiroiditis</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación de la glándula tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000293.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antitiroglobulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003557.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antitiroideos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración de tiroides con aguja fina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003899.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina de la glándula tiroides guiada por ultrasonido" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ThyroidBiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ThyroidBiopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bocio nodular tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000317.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bocio simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001178.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Captación de yodo radiactivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003689.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la tiroides" url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/espanol/cirugia_tiroides.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-surgery/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de tiroides retroesternal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007558.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis tiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000400.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la tiroides" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la tiroides y el embarazo" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/enfermedad-tiroides-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/pregnancy-thyroid-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la captación de T3 por resina (T3RU)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003688.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de T3" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003687.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de T4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de TBG en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de la glándula tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002933.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulo tiroideo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007265.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007265.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulos en la tiroides" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/nodulos-en-la-tiroides" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/thyroid-nodules">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Endocrinología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulos tiroideos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/nodulos-tiroideos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos saltones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003033.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis periódica tirotóxica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000319.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piense en su tiroides: Conozca esta pequeña gran glándula" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/piense-en-su-tiroides">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tiroxina (T4)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de TSH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la tiroides" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de triyodotironina (T3)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Pendred" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sindrome-de-pendred" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/pendred-syndrome">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapias más antiguas no son necesariamente mejores para el reemplazo de la hormona tiroidea" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/las-terapias-mas-antiguas-no-son-necesariamente-mejores-para-el-reemplazo-de-la-hormona-tiroidea" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/older-therapies-arent-necessarily-better-thyroid-hormone-replacement">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroidectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100135_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100135_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroidectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis silenciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000388.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000375.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento con hormona tiroidea" url="https://www.thyroid.org/tratamiento-hormona-tiroidea/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-hormone-treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuando usted inhala, el aire viaja por su nariz a través de la laringe y luego por su tráquea. Infórmese sobre enfermerdades de la tráquea." title="Enfermedades de la tráquea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trachealdisorders.html" id="5449" language="Spanish" date-created="04/20/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su tráquea es una parte de su sistema respiratorio. Los órganos de su sistema respiratorio llevan aire rico en oxígeno hacia sus pulmones. También sacan dióxido de carbono fuera de sus pulmones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted inhala, el aire viaja por su nariz a través de la laringe y luego por su tráquea. Esta se divide en dos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html"&gt;bronquios&lt;/a&gt; que entran a sus pulmones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los posibles problemas en la tráquea incluyen estrechamiento, inflamación y algunos problemas hereditarios. Usted puede necesitar un procedimiento llamado traqueotomía para ayudarle a respirar si tiene problemas al tragar o alguna afección que no lo deje toser o que interfiera con su respiración. Puede que también necesite una traqueotomía si usted esta en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/criticalcare.html"&gt;terapia intensiva&lt;/a&gt; y necesita estar en un respirador.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html" id="5448" language="English">Tracheal Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html" id="1818">Atragantamiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html" id="2261">Enfermedades de la garganta</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tráquea, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<site title="Ahogamiento: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/art-20056637?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/ART-20056637?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia esofágica y fístula traqueoesofágica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/atresia-esofagica-y-fistula-traqueoesofagica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/esophageal-atresia-and-tracheoesophageal-fistula/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crup: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de una traqueotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánula de traqueotomía al comer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000464.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánula de traqueotomía al hablar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000465.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epiglotitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000605.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intubación endotraqueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003449.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de las vías respiratorias altas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000067.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis de las cuerdas vocales" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/paralisis-de-las-cuerdas-vocales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vocal-fold-paralysis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué son los respiradores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000458.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de fístula traqueoesofágica y atresia esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una fístula traqueosofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100103_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100103_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptura traqueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001092.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueomalacia adquirida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueomalacia congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001084.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002955.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100043_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100043_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueotomía (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tracheostomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tracheostomy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000988.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000988.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueítis bacteriana" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-respiratorios-en-los-lactantes-y-los-ni%C3%B1os/traque%C3%ADtis-bacteriana" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/respiratory-disorders-in-infants-and-children/bacterial-tracheitis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infórmese sobre tipos de enfermedades vaginales, síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamientos y más aquí." title="Enfermedades de la vagina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html" id="2216" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades vaginales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de la vagina son una de las causas más comunes de las visitas de las mujeres a los médicos. Pueden presentar síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Picazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ardor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Sangrado anormal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p&gt;Un problema común es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html"&gt;vaginitis&lt;/a&gt;, la inflamación de la vagina. Otros problemas de la vagina incluyen infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer vaginal&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de la vulva&lt;/a&gt;. El tratamiento de las enfermedades de la vagina depende de la causa. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451" language="English">Vaginal Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html" id="2244">Cáncer de vagina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html" id="2275">Cáncer de vulva</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvardisorders.html" id="4551">Enfermedades de la vulva</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html" id="1796">Infecciones por cándida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4876">Sangrado vaginal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vagina, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vagina, Infecciones</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso o quiste de Bartolino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001489.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003754.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ducha vaginal" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes ginecológicos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flujo y prurito vaginal en las niñas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003159.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imperforación del himen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000708.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones vaginales por hongos (candidiasis vaginal)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/yeast-infection.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRKH: Instrucciones para el uso de dilatadores vaginales" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/instrucciones-para-el-uso-de-dilatadores-vaginales/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Olor vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vaginal-odor/basics/definition/sym-20050664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-odor/basics/definition/SYM-20050664?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picazón y flujo vaginal en mujeres adultas y adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003158.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los genitales en la mujer" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/genital-problems-in-women/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-women/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de la glándula de Bartolino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/quiste-de-la-glandula-de-bartolino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bartholins-gland-cyst/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes vaginales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001509.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resequedad vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000892.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secreción vaginal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/secrecion-vaginal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vaginal-discharge/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentirse limpia y fresca" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feminine-hygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feminine-hygiene.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de himen" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/tipos-de-himen/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/hymens/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vagina: Qué es normal y qué no lo es" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/vagina/art-20046562?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/vagina/art-20046562?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infórmese sobre las condiciones que pueden afectar a la vejiga como la cistitis, incontinencia, cáncer, cálculos, etc. Síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Enfermedades de la vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades vesicales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vejiga es un órgano hueco en la parte inferior del abdomen donde se almacena la orina. Hay muchas afecciones que pueden afectar la función de la vejiga. Entre los más comunes se encuentran:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cistitis: una inflamación de la vejiga, en general, causada por una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infección&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Incontinencia urinaria&lt;/a&gt;: pérdida del control de la vejiga &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html"&gt;Vejiga hiperactiva&lt;/a&gt;: una afección que causa que la vejiga expulse orina cuando no tiene que hacerlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html"&gt;Cistitis intersticial&lt;/a&gt;: un problema crónico que causa dolor en la vejiga y urgencia de orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de vejiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican las enfermedades de la vejiga mediante distintas pruebas. Estas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html"&gt;análisis de orina&lt;/a&gt;, radiografías y exámenes de la pared de la vejiga con un instrumento llamado cistoscopio. El tratamiento depende de la causa del problema. Puede incluir medicinas y, en casos severos, cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164" language="English">Bladder Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1982">Cistitis intersticial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html" id="1776">Cáncer de vejiga</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html" id="2211">Incontinencia urinaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html" id="2212">Infecciones de las vías urinarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html" id="4890">Orina y micción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="2264">Problemas del piso pélvico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html" id="5353">Trastornos de la uretra</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ureteraldisorders.html" id="5351">Trastornos del uréter</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html" id="6133">Vejiga hiperactiva</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cálculos en la vejiga</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vejiga neurogénica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vejiga, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<site title="Autosondaje en hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003902.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bolsas de drenaje de orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis no infecciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000514.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistocele" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/cystocele">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistografía con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003832.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistografía retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003783.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistouretrograma miccional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003784.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistouretrograma miccional pediátrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/voidcysto" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/voidcysto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color de la orina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda permanente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda suprapúbica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con los ejercicios de Kegel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000141.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con productos para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos en la vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001275.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos en la vejiga" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/calculos-en-la-vejiga-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bladder-stones/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/derivacion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-diversion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico por la imagen (imagenología) de las vías urinarias" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio cistométrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003904.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003904.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fistula enterovesical" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12537/fistula-enterovesical/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hematuria microscópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hematuria-microscopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidronefrosis en recién nacidos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión traumática de la vejiga y la uretra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001063.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Litotricia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007113.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción urgente o frecuente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de la salida de la vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002238.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de la salida de la vejiga: ¿Cuáles son sus causas en los hombres?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/expert-answers/bladder-outlet-obstruction/faq-20058537?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/expert-answers/bladder-outlet-obstruction/FAQ-20058537?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesario vaginal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pesario-vaginal/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vaginal-pessary/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003782.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa (PIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielograma intravenoso (PIV)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ivp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas al orinar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-al-orinar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/urination-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo vesicoureteral" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vesicoureteral-reflux.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vesicoureteral-reflux.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de la extrofia vesical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002997.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002997.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del uraco permeable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002993.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002993.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido: Vejiga" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-bladder.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-bladder.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uraco persistente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100130_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100130_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urostomía: Cuidado de la piel y del estoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vejiga neurógena" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000754.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infórmese sobre las condiciones que pueden afectar a la vesícula como cálculos y colecistitis. Síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="1915" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Colecistopatía</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedad biliar</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades vesiculares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicada bajo el hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;

Es más probable que la vesícula cause problemas si algo obstruye el flujo de bilis por los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;conductos biliares&lt;/a&gt;. Eso suele ocurrir con los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html"&gt;cálculos biliares&lt;/a&gt;. Los cálculos se forman cuando hay sustancias en la bilis que se endurecen. En forma menos común se puede desarrollar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; en la vesícula. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos de los problemas de la vesícula se solucionan al extirparla. Afortunadamente, la vesícula biliar no es un órgano imprescindible para la vida. La bilis tiene otras vías para llegar al intestino delgado.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="259" language="English">Gallbladder Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html" id="4644">Cálculos biliares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4646">Cáncer de la vesícula biliar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html" id="3788">Enfermedades de los ductos biliares</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colecistectomía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colecistitis aguda</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colecistitis crónica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vesícula biliar, Enfermedades de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación abierta de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación laparoscópica de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirrubina en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003595.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colecistectomía" url="https://www.facs.org/media/y3qcstbv/colecistectomia.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.facs.org/~/media/files/education/patient%20ed/cholesys.ashx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio estadounidense de cirujanos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colecistectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100021_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100021_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colecistitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colecistitis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000264.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colecistitis crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000217.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de lipasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación abierta de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002930.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de la vesícula biliar: Método laparoscópico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/remocion-de-la-vesicula-biliar-metodo-laparoscopico/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/gallbladder-removal-laparoscopic-method/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación laparoscópica de la vesícula biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007371.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la vesícula biliar con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imágenes hepatobiliares" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hepatobiliary" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hepatobiliary">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia diagnóstica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos de vesícula: ¿Pueden ser malignos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la vesícula biliar y de las vías biliares" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/trastornos-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-biliares/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-biliares" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders/overview-of-gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del tracto biliar, trastornos de la vesícula biliar y pancreatitis por cálculos biliares" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/trastornos-del-tracto-biliar-trastornos-de-la-vesicula-biliar-y-pancreatitis-por-calculos-biliares/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/biliary-tract-disorders-gallbladder-disorders-and-gallstone-pancreatitis/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vesícula biliar y vías biliares" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/biolog%C3%ADa-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-v%C3%ADas-biliares" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/biology-of-the-liver-and-gallbladder/gallbladder-and-biliary-tract">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Me puedes recomendar una dieta para después de la extracción de la vesícula?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal-diet/faq-20057813?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal-diet/FAQ-20057813?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vulvovaginitis y vulvodinia son tipos de enfermedades de la vulva. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamientos aquí. " title="Enfermedades de la vulva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvardisorders.html" id="4551" language="Spanish" date-created="11/27/2007">
<also-called>Enfermedades vulvares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vulva es la parte externa de los genitales femeninos. Algunos problemas que pueden aparecer en el área vulvar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html"&gt;Vaginitis o vulvovaginitis&lt;/a&gt;, una inflamación o infección de la vulva o la vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de la piel debidos a las alergias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de vulva&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vulvodinia o dolor vulvar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden incluir enrojecimiento, picazón, dolor o grietas en la piel. El tratamiento depende de la causa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvardisorders.html" id="4550" language="English">Vulvar Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ORWH">Oficina de los NIH para Investigaciones sobre la Salud de la Mujer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html" id="2275">Cáncer de vulva</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html" id="2216">Enfermedades de la vagina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html" id="1796">Infecciones por cándida</related-topic>
<see-reference>Liquen escleroso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vulva, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vulvitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vulvodinia</see-reference>
<site title="Candidosis vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flujo y prurito vaginal en las niñas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003159.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquen escleroso" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lichen-sclerosus/symptoms-causes/syc-20374448?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lichen-sclerosus/symptoms-causes/syc-20374448?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvodinia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vulvodinia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvodinia" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vulvodynia/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vulvodynia/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vulvodinia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007699.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvovaginitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000897.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la vulvodinia?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vulvodynia/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vulvodynia/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos la vulvodinia?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vulvodynia/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos hay para la vulvodinia?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vulvodynia/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las arterias carótidas son dos grandes vasos sanguíneos que se encuentran en el cuello. Entérese qué ocurre cuando estas arterias se estrechan." title="Enfermedades de las arterias carótidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html" id="4064" language="Spanish" date-created="07/19/2005">
<also-called>Enfermedad cerebrovascular</also-called>
<also-called>Estenosis de las arterias carótidas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las arterias carótidas son dos grandes vasos sanguíneos que se encuentran en el cuello. Suministran sangre al cerebro y a la cabeza. Si tiene enfermedad de la arteria carótida, la arteria se estrecha, en general por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;, la acumulación de placa, que está hecha de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, calcio y otros sustancias en la sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de la arteria carótida es grave porque puede bloquear el flujo de sangre a su cerebro y causar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt;. Demasiada placa en la arteria puede causar un bloqueo. También puede tener un bloqueo cuando placa o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo de sangre&lt;/a&gt; se rompe en la pared de una arteria. La placa o coágulo puede viajar a través del torrente sanguíneo y atascarse en una de las arterias más pequeñas de su cerebro. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de la arteria carótida no suele causar síntomas hasta que el estrechamiento o bloqueo es severo. Un signo puede ser un soplo (silbido) que su médico oye al escuchar su arteria con un estetoscopio. Otro signo es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;ataque isquémico transitorio&lt;/a&gt;, un "mini accidente cerebrovascular". Este es como un accidente cerebrovascular, pero solo dura unos minutos y los síntomas generalmente desaparecen en una hora. El accidente cerebrovascular es otro signo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas de imagen pueden confirmar si usted tiene enfermedad de la arteria carótida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios saludables de estilo de vida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Endarterectomía carotídea, cirugía para extirpar la placa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html"&gt;Angioplastía&lt;/a&gt;, un procedimiento para colocar un balón y un stent en la arteria para abrirla y mantenerla abierta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html" id="4063" language="English">Carotid Artery Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176">Accidente cerebrovascular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html" id="5401">Ateroesclerosis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Endarterectomía de carótida</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras angioplastia y colocación de stent en la arteria carótida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000235.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de la arteria carótida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000238.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastia y colocación de stent en la arteria carótida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002953.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002953.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía y stent vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioplasty" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriopatía carotídea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007427.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la arteria carótida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100124_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100124_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la arteria carótida (abierta)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002951.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la estenosis de la arteria carótida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000717.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección temprana de la enfermedad de la arteria carótida" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/screening-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/screening-carotid">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dúplex carotídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003774.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003774.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia-doppler/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endarterectomía carotídea" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/endarterectomia-carotidea/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de las arterias carótidas" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedad-de-las-arterias-carotidas/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/carotid-artery-disease/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis de la arteria carótida" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/carotidstenosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imágenes por ultrasonido de la arteria carótida" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-carotid">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gingivitis, periodontitis (o piorrea), retracción son tipos de condiciones que afectan las encías. Infórmese sobre otras enfermedades de las encías. " title="Enfermedades de las encías" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html" id="1928" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedad periodontal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una enfermedad en las encías, usted no es el único. Muchos adultos en los Estados Unidos actualmente tienen alguna forma de la enfermedad. Varía desde una simple inflamación de las encías, llamada gingivitis, a graves daños en los tejidos y huesos que sostienen los dientes. En el peor de los casos, usted puede perder los dientes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la gingivitis, las encías están enrojecidas e hinchadas. Pueden sangrar con facilidad. La gingivitis es una forma leve de enfermedad de las encías. Por lo general, se puede revertir con el cepillado diario y limpieza con hilo dental y limpiezas regulares por un dentista o higienista dental. La gingivitis no tratada puede llevar a la periodontitis. Si tiene periodontitis, las encías se despegan de los dientes y forman pequeñas bolsas que se infectan. De no tratarse, las encías y el tejido donde se apoyan los dientes se destruyen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html" id="266" language="English">Gum Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Encías, Enfermedad de las</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedades periodontales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Periodontales, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Placa</see-reference>
<see-reference>Retracción de las encías</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia de la encía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca de trinchera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001044.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, enfermedad de las encías y otros problemas dentales" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/boca" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/gum-disease-dental-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encías inflamadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003066.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encías sangrantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003062.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de las encías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gum-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/gum-disease.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad periodontal (de las encías)" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-enfermedad-de-las-encias" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/gum-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen dental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gingivitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001056.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001056.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gingivoestomatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001052.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Periodontitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001059.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retracción de las encías" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/receding_gums_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las glándulas salivales producen saliva que ablanda los alimentos, lo que ayuda a digerir la comida. Entérese sobre otras funciones y condiciones." title="Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="2132" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus glándulas salivales se ubican en su boca. Usted tiene tres pares de glándulas salivales grandes y cientos de glándulas pequeñas. Estas producen saliva, también llamada esputo,  y la segregan hacia la boca a través de aberturas llamadas ductos. La saliva ablanda los alimentos, lo que ayuda a masticarlos y tragarlos. Ayuda a digerir la comida. También limpia la boca y contiene anticuerpos que pueden matar gérmenes.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de las glándulas salivales pueden irritarlas e inflamarlas. Usted puede tener síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Un mal sabor en la boca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dificultad para abrir la boca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;Boca seca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor en su cara o boca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Inflamación en su cara o cuello &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Entre las causas de los problemas en las glándulas salivales se incluyen las infecciones, la obstrucción y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;. Los problemas también pueden deberse a otros trastornos, tales como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html"&gt;paperas&lt;/a&gt; o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Sjögren&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="388" language="English">Salivary Gland Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html" id="5799">Boca seca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5332">Cáncer de la glándulas salivales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html" id="2042">Paperas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="2148">Síndrome de Sjögren</related-topic>
<see-reference>Enfermedades de la glándula parótida</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glándula parótida, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glándulas salivales, Enfermedades de las</see-reference>
<see-reference>Saliva</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sialolitos en los conductos salivales</see-reference>
<site title="Babeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003048.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la glándula salival" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003847.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importancia de la saliva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-sorpresa-que-le-hara-salivar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/spit-happens">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de las glándulas salivales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001041.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001041.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resequedad de la boca o saliva espesa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Saliva y los trastornos de las glándulas salivales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/saliva-trastornos-glandulas-salivales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/saliva-salivary-gland-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sialograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003812.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sialolitos en los conductos salivales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001039.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de las glándulas salivales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-boca-y-la-garganta/trastornos-de-las-gl%C3%A1ndulas-salivales">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores de las glándulas salivales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001040.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la saliva?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/spit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/spit.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Algunos de los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales (adrenales) son la enfermedad de Addison y la de Cushing. Infórmese aquí." title="Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="1724" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales (adrenales)</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las glándulas suprarrenales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las glándulas suprarrenales son dos pequeños órganos que se ubican encima de cada riñón. Las glándulas suprarrenales producen diferentes tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas &lt;/a&gt; necesarias para mantenerse con vida y saludable. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que viajan por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan cómo funcionan las diferentes partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las glándulas suprarrenales producen las hormonas cortisol, aldosterona, adrenalina y noradrenalina. También producen hormonas que su cuerpo usa para producir hormonas sexuales (estrógeno y testosterona). Todas estas hormonas realizan muchas funciones importantes, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Convertir los alimentos en energía y controlar los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Regular el equilibrio de sal y agua&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener una presión arterial normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Responder a la enfermedad y al estrés (reacción conocida como "lucha o huida")&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comenzar el desarrollo sexual de un niño y su rapidez&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando tiene un trastorno de las glándulas suprarrenales, su cuerpo produce demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas. Los síntomas dependen del tipo de problema que tenga y cuánto afecta a los niveles hormonales de su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Addison&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Afección en la que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome de Cushing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Afección causada por un exceso de cortisol en el cuerpo, a menudo por tomar medicamentos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; durante un período prolongado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adenoma productor de aldosterona&lt;/strong&gt;: Tumor &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;benigno&lt;/a&gt; (no canceroso) que produce demasiada aldosterona y puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;hipertensión arterial&lt;/a&gt; grave&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paraganglioma-feocromocitoma hereditario&lt;/strong&gt;: Afección hereditaria que causa diferentes tipos de tumores que producen adrenalina y otras hormonas. Algunos tumores pueden volverse cancerosos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de la glándula suprarrenal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Tumores cancerosos, incluyendo carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html"&gt;neuroblastoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita&lt;/strong&gt;: Grupo de trastornos hereditarios en los que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol. El tipo más común es la deficiencia de 21-hidroxilasa. En los Estados Unidos, a los bebés recién nacidos se les hace un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/17-hidroxiprogesterona/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; para ver si tienen hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. Es posible que las personas que nacen con este trastorno no presenten síntomas hasta la niñez o más adelante en la vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La causa de los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales depende del tipo de trastorno que tenga. Las causas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos como esteroides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un problema en otra glándula, como la glándula &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html"&gt;pituitaria&lt;/a&gt;. La glándula pituitaria libera hormonas que afectan el funcionamiento de las glándulas suprarrenales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en los genes (mutaciones): Estos cambios pueden hacer que las glándulas suprarrenales produzcan demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En muchos casos, la causa del problema no está clara.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud utilizan diferentes pruebas para detectar trastornos suprarrenales según sus síntomas e historia clínica. Por ejemplo, es posible que le hagan análisis de sangre, orina o saliva. Estas pruebas miden sus niveles hormonales. Su profesional de la salud puede solicitar radiografías, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografías computarizadas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancias magnéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar tumores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los diferentes tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales tienen diversos tratamientos. Incluyen medicamentos y cirugía. En ocasiones, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; es un tratamiento para los tumores. Existen tratamientos para curar ciertos trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales. Para otros, los tratamientos buscan controlar sus síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="128" language="English">Adrenal Gland Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html" id="5212">Cáncer de las glándulas suprarrenales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html" id="1722">Enfermedad de Addison</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pheochromocytoma.html" id="2088">Feocromocitoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4319">Síndrome de Cushing</related-topic>
<see-reference>Glándulas suprarrenales, Enfermedades de las</see-reference>
<see-reference>Suprarrenales, Enfermedades de las glándulas</see-reference>
<site title="17-hidroxiprogesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/17-hidroxiprogesterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/17-hydroxyprogesterone/">
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</site>
<site title="17-OH progesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003713.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al X" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12216/adrenoleucodistrofia-ligada-al-x/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: 17-hidroxiprogesterona" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-hydroxyprogesterone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-hydroxyprogesterone.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de las glándulas suprarrenales: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de aldosterona en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003704.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de corticotropina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la excreción de aldosterona urinaria en 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003621.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de orina para 17-hidroxicorticosteroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003459.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de potasio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003600.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del cloruro en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003601.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del sulfato de deshidroepiandrosterona (DHEA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003717.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de las glándulas suprarrenales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007437.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glándulas suprarrenales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002219.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperaldosteronismo primario y secundario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000330.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000411.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cah" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cah">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia suprarrenal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adrenal-insufficiency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adrenal-insufficiency.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia suprarrenal aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000357.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia suprarrenal y enfermedad de Addison" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/insuficiencia-suprarrenal-enfermedad-addison" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/adrenal-insufficiency-addisons-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de aldosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cortisol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estimulación con corticotropina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003696.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de renina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sulfato de DHEA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Estudio de la edad ósea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobreproducción ovárica de andrógenos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001165.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Waterhouse-Friderichsen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000609.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Virilización (Síndrome genitosuprarrenal)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/trastornos-de-las-gl%C3%A1ndulas-suprarrenales/virilizaci%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/adrenal-gland-disorders/virilization">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/tipos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/types">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cah/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cah/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/adrenalgland/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/adrenalgland/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Existe la fatiga suprarrenal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/expert-answers/adrenal-fatigue/faq-20057906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/addisons-disease/expert-answers/adrenal-fatigue/faq-20057906?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Uñas encarnadas, blancas y hongos son tipos de condiciones que afectan a las uñas. ¿Qué otros tipos hay y cuáles son los síntomas y tratamientos?" title="Enfermedades de las uñas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html" id="2046" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las uñas de las manos y los pies protegen los tejidos de los dedos. Están formadas por capas de una proteína endurecida llamada queratina, que también se encuentra en el pelo y la piel. La salud de las uñas puede ser un indicador de su estado general de salud. Las uñas saludables suelen ser lisas y de un color uniforme. Los tipos específicos en la decoloración de las uñas y cambios en la tasa de crecimiento pueden indicar varias enfermedades pulmonares, cardíacas, renales y hepáticas, así como diabetes y anemia. Las manchas blancas y las crestas verticales son inofensivas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de las uñas que a veces requieren tratamiento incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones por bacterias y hongos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Uñas encarnadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tumores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Verrugas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p&gt;Mantener las uñas limpias, secas y bien cortadas puede ayudarle a evitar algunos problemas. No se corte la cutícula, ya que puede causar infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html" id="532" language="English">Nail Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hemorragias en astilla</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paroniquia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uñas encarnadas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uñas, Enfermedades de las</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras extracción de una uña encarnada del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000946.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anomalías de la uña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003247.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el cabello y en las uñas con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004005.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de las uñas: Qué hacer y qué no hacer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/nails/art-20044954?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/nails/art-20044954?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decoloración amarilla de las uñas" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/yellow-toenails?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia lineal subungueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003283.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hongos en las uñas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección micótica de la uña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001330.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones de uña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000800.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000800.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paroniquia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/paroniquia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/paronychia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paroniquia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/paronychia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/paronychia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paroniquia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001444.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, el cabello y las uñas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, pelo y uñas: La capa protectora del cuerpo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña de las uñas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-micoticas-en-las-unas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nail-fungal-infections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uña del pie encarnada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001237.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uñas (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nails-nosw.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/your-nails.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uñas blancas de los dedos de los pies" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/white-toenails?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/white-toenails">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uñas de los pies encarnadas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/unas-de-los-pies-encarnadas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ingrown-toenails/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uñas gruesas" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/thick-toenails?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/thick-toenails">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Algo raro en los dedos? Lo que las uñas le comunican sobre su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/algo-raro-en-los-dedos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/08/funky-fingertips">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Crestas de las uñas indican un problema de salud??" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/nails/faq-20058541?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/nails/faq-20058541?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas ocurre cuando una o más de las válvulas cardíacas no se abren o cierran correctamente. Esto puede afectar el flujo sanguíneo y forzar el corazón." title="Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html" id="1945" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas ocurre cuando una o más de las válvulas cardíacas no funcionan bien.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El corazón tiene cuatro válvulas, tricúspide, pulmonar, mitral y aórtica. Las válvulas tienen aletas que se abren y cierran. Las aletas aseguran que la sangre fluya en la dirección correcta a través de su corazón y hacia el resto del cuerpo. Cuando su corazón late, las aletas se abren para dejar pasar la sangre. Entre los latidos del corazón se cierran para evitar que la sangre regrese.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si una o más de las válvulas del corazón no se abren o cierran como deben, puede afectar el flujo de sangre y sobrecargar su corazón. Afortunadamente, el tratamiento ayuda a la mayoría de las enfermedades de las válvulas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las válvulas cardíacas pueden tener tres tipos básicos de problemas:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regurgitación o reflujo:&lt;/strong&gt; Ocurre cuando las aletas de una válvula no cierran herméticamente. Esto permite que la sangre se filtre hacia atrás. Una causa común de regurgitación es el prolapso, donde las aletas de la válvula caen o sobresalen. El prolapso afecta con mayor frecuencia a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitralvalveprolapse.html"&gt;válvula mitral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estenosis:&lt;/strong&gt; Ocurre cuando las aletas de una válvula se vuelven gruesas, rígidas o pegadas. Esto evita que la válvula cardíaca se abra por completo. No puede pasar suficiente sangre a través de la válvula. La estenosis de la válvula aórtica es un tipo común. Afecta la válvula que controla el flujo de sangre hacia la gran arteria que transporta la sangre desde el corazón hacia el resto del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atresia:&lt;/strong&gt; Ocurre cuando una válvula cardíaca no se formó correctamente y no tiene una abertura para que pase la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, una válvula puede tener tanto regurgitación como estenosis.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas nacen con enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas. Esto se llama enfermedad congénita de las válvulas cardíacas. Puede ocurrir sola o junto a otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;. La enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas también puede desarrollarse con el tiempo a medida que envejece o con ciertos problemas que afectan el corazón.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su probabilidad de tener una enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas es mayor si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Es una persona mayor:&lt;/strong&gt; Con la edad, las válvulas del corazón pueden volverse gruesas y rígidas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene o ha tenido otras afecciones del corazón y vasos sanguíneos, incluyendo:&lt;/strong&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fiebre reumática:&lt;/strong&gt; Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;faringitis estreptocócica&lt;/a&gt; no tratada puede convertirse en fiebre reumática, la que puede dañar las válvulas del corazón. Es posible que el daño no se manifieste durante años. Hoy en día, la mayoría de las personas toman &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; para curar la faringitis estreptocócica antes de que cause daño a las válvulas cardíacas&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Infección rara en el revestimiento del corazón y las válvulas cardíacas. En general, es causada por bacterias en el torrente sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;  
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ataque al corazón&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, especialmente cuando afecta la aorta (la arteria grande que lleva la sangre del corazón al resto del cuerpo)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;Colesterol alto en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y sobrepeso&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Falta de actividad física&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares de enfermedad cardíaca temprana:&lt;/strong&gt; 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Un padre o hermano que tuvo enfermedad cardíaca antes de los 55 años&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Una madre o hermana menor de 65 años que haya tenido una enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nació con una válvula aórtica que no se formó bien:&lt;/strong&gt; En ocasiones, esto puede causar problemas de inmediato. Otras veces, la válvula puede funcionar lo suficientemente bien durante años antes de causar problemas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas viven toda su vida con una válvula cardíaca que no funciona a la perfección y nunca tienen problemas. Pero la enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas puede empeorar lentamente con el tiempo, pudiendo desarrollar signos y síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt; (sensación de que no puede obtener suficiente aire)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;Hinchazón&lt;/a&gt; en pies, tobillos, abdomen (vientre) o las venas del cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor en el pecho&lt;/a&gt; cuando hace ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt;, un problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html"&gt;desmayos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no recibe tratamiento para la enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas, los síntomas y la tensión en su corazón pueden empeorar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando las válvulas no funcionan bien, su corazón tiene que bombear con más fuerza para llevar suficiente sangre al cuerpo. Sin tratamiento, esta carga de trabajo adicional en su corazón puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fallo cardiaco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;Paro cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; o muerte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede escuchar su corazón con un estetoscopio y chequear si su corazón emite sonidos anormales, como un clic o un soplo cardíaco. Estos sonidos pueden significar que una válvula no funciona normalmente. Usualmente, su proveedor lo derivará a un cardiólogo, un especialista en enfermedades del corazón.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico también escuchará su corazón y le hará un examen físico. También es probable que necesite hacerse una o más &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los problemas de las válvulas cardíacas se pueden tratar con éxito. El tratamiento puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicinas&lt;/strong&gt; para controlar sus síntomas y mantener su corazón bombeando bien&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;Cambios de estilo de vida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; saludables para el corazón para tratar otras afecciones cardíacas relacionadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Cirugía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; para reparar o reemplazar una válvula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite cirugía, incluso si no tiene síntomas. Reparar la válvula puede ayudar a prevenir futuros problemas cardíacos.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas maneras de hacer una cirugía de válvulas cardíacas. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden decidir qué es lo mejor para su caso, según el problema de su válvula y su salud en general. La cirugía de reparación de válvulas cardíacas tiene menos riesgos que el reemplazo de válvulas cardíacas. Por ello, cuando la reparación es posible, se prefiere al reemplazo de la válvula.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, es necesario reemplazar la válvula. Hay 2 tipos de válvulas de repuesto:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Válvulas biológicas hechas de tejido porcino, vacuno o humano:&lt;/strong&gt; Estas válvulas tienden a desgastarse después de 10 a 15 años, pero algunas pueden durar más&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Válvulas mecánicas (hechas por el hombre):&lt;/strong&gt; En general, estas válvulas no se desgastan. Pero con una válvula mecánica, usualmente tiene que tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt; por el resto de su vida para prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre. Y su riesgo de endocarditis (una infección del corazón) es mayor que con una válvula biológica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
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<see-reference>Válvula tricúspide</see-reference>
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<site title="Enfermedades de la válvula mitral" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedades-de-la-valvula-mitral/">
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<site title="Ventriculografía nuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003822.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Válvula aórtica bicúspide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007325.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Válvulas cardíacas" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/las-valvulas-cardiacas/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué necesito una cirugía de válvulas cardíacas?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-heart-valve-surgery-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-heart-valve-surgery.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades que los animales pueden transmitir a las personas se llaman zoonosis. Entérese cuáles son y qué hacer aquí. " title="Enfermedades de los animales y su salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4056" language="Spanish" date-created="02/03/2005">
<also-called>Mascotas y la salud de los humanos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades que las personas pueden contraer de los animales se llaman zoonosis. Muchas de las enfermedades que afectan a los humanos se pueden remontar a animales o a productos animales. Usted puede contagiarse directamente de un animal o indirectamente a través del ambiente.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los animales de granja pueden transmitir enfermedades. Si una persona los toca o toca objetos que éstos han tocado, como cercas o baldes, debe lavarse muy bien las manos. Los adultos deben asegurarse de que los niños que visitan las granjas o los zoológicos de mascotas también se laven bien las manos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Aunque puedan ser adorables y cariñosos, los animales salvajes pueden estar infectados con gérmenes, virus  y parásitos. Los ciervos y el ratón ciervo son portadores (persona o animal que lleva y trae, en este caso, gérmenes) de garrapatas que causan la enfermedad de Lyme. Algunos animales salvajes son portadores de rabia. Disfrute los animales salvajes desde lejos.  &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pethealth.html"&gt;mascotas&lt;/a&gt; también pueden transmitir enfermedades. Los reptiles plantean un riesgo particular. Las tortugas, las serpientes y las iguanas pueden transmitir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html"&gt;Salmonella&lt;/a&gt; a sus dueños. Usted puede contagiarse de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html"&gt;rabia&lt;/a&gt; de un perro infectado o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt; por manipular las arena sanitaria de un gato infectado. Las posibilidades de que su perro o su gato le contagien una enfermedad son pocas. Usted puede reducir el riesgo de contagio con una buena higiene, manteniendo limpias las áreas que las mascotas frecuentan y vacunando a su mascota cuando sea necesario. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4055" language="English">Animal Diseases and Your Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1840">Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html" id="2015">Enfermedad de Lyme</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3182">Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/catscratchdisease.html" id="4321">Enfermedad por arañazo de gato</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birdflu.html" id="4199">Gripe aviar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5189">Gripe H1N1 (gripe porcina)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html" id="3230">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html" id="2115">Rabia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pethealth.html" id="2086">Salud de las mascotas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html" id="2202">Toxoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html" id="2228">Virus del Nilo Occidental</related-topic>
<see-reference>Animales y su salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Brucelosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Campilobacteriosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fiebre Q</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veterinaria</see-reference>
<site title="Brucelosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000597.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre por mordedura de rata" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/rat-bite-fever.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Rat-Bite-Fever.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre por mordedura de rata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001348.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones transmitidas por las mascotas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pet-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pet-infections.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza aviar en las aves: Causas y propagación" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-birds.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-birds.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Larva migratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001454.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Larva migratoria visceral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000633.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse seguro cerca de los animales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/animals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/animals.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas e infecciones por Pasteurella" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/pets-and-pasteurella-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/pages/Pets-and-Pasteurella-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y la persona inmunocomprometida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003967.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y otros animales durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/las-mascotas-y-otros-animales-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y parásitos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/mascotas-y-parasitos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pets-and-parasites/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psitacosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000088.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000856.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vesícula almacena la bilis. La vesícula empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados ductos biliares. Entérese que condiciones pueden afectarlos." title="Enfermedades de los ductos biliares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html" id="3788" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<also-called>Enfermedades de las vías biliares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El hígado produce un líquido digestivo llamado bilis. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html"&gt;vesícula biliar&lt;/a&gt; almacena la bilis entre comidas. Cuando usted come, la vesícula empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados ductos biliares. Estos transportan la bilis hasta el intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a digerir la grasa. También ayuda al intestino a eliminar toxina y desechos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Distintas enfermedades pueden bloquear los ductos biliares y causar un problema con el flujo de la bilis:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html"&gt;Cálculos biliares&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden aumentar la presión en la vesícula y causar un ataque de vesícula. El dolor puede durar de una a varias horas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Defectos congénitos, como la atresia biliar: Es la causa más común de trasplante de hígado infantil en Estados Unidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación: Esto puede causar cicatrices. Con el tiempo, puede provocar insuficiencia hepática &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html" id="3787" language="English">Bile Duct Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4646">Cáncer de la vesícula biliar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="1915">Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar</related-topic>
<see-reference>Atresia biliar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Biliar, Estenosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cirrosis biliar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cirrosis biliar primaria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colangitis esclerosante</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ductos biliares, Enfermedades de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Obstrucción de las vías biliares</see-reference>
<site title="5'-Nucleotidasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003575.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpo antimitocondrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atresia biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001145.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia biliar (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biliary-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biliary-atresia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del tracto biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis biliar primaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000282.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiografía transhepática percutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100180_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100180_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000290.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-biliary-cholangitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376874?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria (CBP)" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis-pbc/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-psc/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria (cirrosis biliar primaria)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-biliar-primaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-biliary-cholangitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis esclerosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000285.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis esclerosante primaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-esclerosante-primaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colestasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000215.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000215.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003734.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003734.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000220.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de bilirrubina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-bilirrubina-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de gamma-glutamil transferasa (CGT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003458.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003470.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración hepatobiliar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la vesícula biliar con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intervenciones biliares" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/biliary">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de las vías biliares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000263.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000263.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gamma-glutamil transferasa (GGT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gamma-glutamil-transferasa-ggt/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gamma-glutamyl-transferase-ggt-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo biliar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de la obstrucción biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100199_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100199_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del tracto biliar, trastornos de la vesícula biliar y pancreatitis por cálculos biliares" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/trastornos-del-tracto-biliar-trastornos-de-la-vesicula-biliar-y-pancreatitis-por-calculos-biliares/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/biliary-tract-disorders-gallbladder-disorders-and-gallstone-pancreatitis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vesícula biliar y vías biliares" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/biolog%C3%ADa-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-v%C3%ADas-biliares" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/biology-of-the-liver-and-gallbladder/gallbladder-and-biliary-tract">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades de los huesos pueden facilitar las fracturas. Entérese cómo pueden afectarlo aquí. " title="Enfermedades de los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html" id="1780" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades óseas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los huesos lo ayudan a moverse, le dan forma y apoyan a su cuerpo. Son tejidos vivos que se regeneran constantemente durante su vida. Durante la infancia y la adolescencia, el cuerpo agrega huesos nuevos más rápido de lo que elimina los antiguos. Después de los 20 años de edad, puede perder huesos más rápido de los que produce. Para tener huesos fuertes cuando se es joven, y prevenir la pérdida ósea en edades avanzadas, debe consumir suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt;, así como ejercitarse. Además debe evitar fumar y tomar mucho alcohol. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades de los huesos pueden facilitar las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt;. Estas enfermedades incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baja &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt;densidad ósea&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;: Debilita los huesos y aumenta las probabilidades de fracturas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html"&gt;Osteogénesis imperfecta&lt;/a&gt;: Hace que sus huesos sean frágiles y quebradizos  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso&lt;/a&gt;: Debilita los huesos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Los huesos también pueden desarrollar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otras enfermedades de los huesos: Producidas por una mala nutrición, factores genéticos o problemas con la velocidad de crecimiento o regeneración ósea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html" id="170" language="English">Bone Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html" id="1779">Cáncer de hueso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html" id="5936">Densidad ósea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html" id="2071">Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html" id="5740">Infecciones de los huesos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="2066">Osteogénesis imperfecta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteonecrosis.html" id="2254">Osteonecrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html" id="2067">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html" id="3899">Raquitismo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fibrodisplasia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Huesos, Enfermedades de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Legg-Calve-Perthes, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Osteocondritis disecante</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumores óseos</see-reference>
<site title="Anomalías esqueléticas de las extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003170.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de huesos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonebiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonebiopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en huesos, músculos y articulaciones por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneosinostosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001590.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneotabes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001591.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curación de los huesos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Densitometría ósea" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dexa" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=dexa">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Densitometría ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Displasia campomélica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia campomélica" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11882/displasia-campomelica/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10027/campomelic-dysplasia/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de Ellis-Van Creveld" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de Kniest" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia diastrófica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia epifisaria múltiple" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia espondiloepifisaria congénita" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia fibrosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001234.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001234.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia fibrosa / síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-displasia-fibrosa-sindrome-de-mccune-albright" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fibrous-dysplasia-mccune-albright-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor o sensibilidad en el hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003180.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Blount" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001584.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Caffey" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12422/enfermedad-de-caffey/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espolones óseos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bone-spurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370212?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-spurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370212?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003477.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003470.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga ejercicio para tener huesos sanos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/haga-ejercicio-para-tener-huesos-sanos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/exercise-your-bone-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hiperparatiroidismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hiperparatiroidismo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hyperparathyroidism/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoplasia cartílago-cabello (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huesos, los músculos y las articulaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metacondromatosis" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12327/metacondromatosis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Más de dos décadas de investigaciones de los NIH dan las respuestas sobre un conjunto de dos enfermedades raras que afectan los huesos, la piel y el sistema endocrino" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/mas-de-dos-decadas-de-investifaciones-de-los-nih-dan-las-repuestas-sobre-un-conjunto-de-dos-enfermedades-raras-que-afectan-los-huesos-la-piel-y-el-sistema-endocrino" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/more-than-two-decades-of-nih-research-gives-answers-on-a-rare-disease-affecting-bones-skin-and-the-endocrine-system">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteocondritis-disecante-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteochondritis-dissecans/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomalacia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000376.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia en bebés prematuros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007231.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopetrosis (huesos marmóreos)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-%C3%B3seos-en-ni%C3%B1os/osteopetrosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/bone-disorders-in-children/osteopetroses">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteítis fibrosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001252.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piernas arqueadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001585.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas en los huesos y en las articulaciones relacionados con la diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/art-20049314?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/ART-20049314?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de una articulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía del esqueleto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003381.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos de los niños: Una guía para los padres" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/la-salud-de-los-huesos-de-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos y la osteoporosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/salud-de-los-huesos-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-health-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Servicios ortopédicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007455.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudohipoparatiroidismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000364.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11861/sindrome-de-mccune-albright/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Morgagni-Stewart-Morel" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12228/sindrome-de-morgagni-stewart-morel/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor óseo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001230.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus huesos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bones.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bones.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Algunos problemas oculares son menores, pero otros pueden causar pérdida de la visión permanente. Glaucoma, cataratas, astigmatismo, miopia, etc." title="Enfermedades de los ojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades oculares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Algunos problemas oculares son menores y efímeros. Pero otros, pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt; permanente.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas oculares comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;Errores de refracción&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;Cataratas&lt;/a&gt;: Cuando el cristalino se nubla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos del nervio óptico&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html"&gt;glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html"&gt;Enfermedades de la retina&lt;/a&gt;: Problemas con la capa de nervios en la parte posterior del ojo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;Degeneración macular&lt;/a&gt;: Enfermedad que destruye el enfoque central de la visión &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html"&gt;Conjuntivitis&lt;/a&gt;: Infección de la conjuntiva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su mejor defensa es hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html"&gt;chequeos regulares&lt;/a&gt;, porque las enfermedades del ojo no siempre tienen síntomas. La detección temprana y el tratamiento temprano pueden prevenir la ceguera. Si presenta cambios repentinos en la vista, tiene la vista borrosa o ve destellos de luz, busque de inmediato la ayuda de un especialista del ojo. Otros síntomas que requieren atención rápida son dolor, ver doble, secreción líquida en el ojo e inflamación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247" language="English">Eye Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amblyopia.html" id="6190">Ambliopía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html" id="1896">Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html" id="1801">Cataratas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html" id="1893">Cáncer de ojo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorblindness.html" id="4401">Daltonismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html" id="2018">Degeneración macular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html" id="6142">Desprendimiento de retina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornealdisorders.html" id="5533">Enfermedades de la córnea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html" id="2267">Enfermedades de la retina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5405">Enfermedades de los párpados</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html" id="2122">Errores de refracción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html" id="1924">Glaucoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinfections.html" id="4399">Infecciones de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html" id="1895">Lesiones del ojo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html" id="5411">Lágrimas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1853">Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html" id="5874">Trastornos de movimiento del ojo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Oftalmología</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojo seco</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojos, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sequedad ocular</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia ocular" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/alergia-ocular">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía con fluoresceína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003846.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anisocoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003314.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ardor en los ojos" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas/ardor-en-los-ojos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ardor, picazón y secreción del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003034.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arenosidad del ojo" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas/arenosidad-del-ojo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los sentidos con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004013.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cigarrillos y las enfermedades oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/fumar" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/smokers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coloboma del iris" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003318.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003318.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre exámenes y pruebas de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjuntivitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/red-eye/basics/definition/sym-20050748?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/red-eye/basics/definition/SYM-20050748?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuatro alimentos fantásticos para mantener sus ojos sanos" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/noticias/cuatro-alimentos-fantasticos-para-mantener-sus-ojo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/four-fantastic-foods">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los ojos y la visión: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y nutrición" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/dieta-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distrofias coroideas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000595.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor ocular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003032.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía ocular y orbitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003797.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003797.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enrojecimiento de los ojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003031.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento y los ojos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epiescleritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001019.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escleritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001003.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de la función del músculo extraocular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003397.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con lámpara de hendidura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la vista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fotofobia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003041.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003041.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glioma óptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001024.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gotas para los ojos" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17120/gotas-para-los-ojos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia subconjuntival" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001616.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia subconjuntival" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/subconjunctival-hemorrhage.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/subconjunctival-hemorrhage.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heterocromía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003319.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase un examen de los ojos con dilatación de las pupilas" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/hagase-un-examen-de-los-ojos-con-dilatacion-de-las-pupilas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación de la órbita" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-cavidad-ocular-%C3%B3rbita/inflamaci%C3%B3n-de-la-%C3%B3rbita" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eye-socket-disorders/inflammation-of-the-orbit">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manchas blancas en las pupilas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003315.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sana su visión: Aprenda sobre el examen ocular completo con dilatación de pupila" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-sana-su-vision">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sus ojos sanos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/mantenga-sus-ojos-sanos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/keep-your-eyes-healthy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Migraña ocular: Cuándo se debe buscar ayuda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/faq-20058113?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/FAQ-20058113?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuritis óptica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000741.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía óptica hereditaria de Leber" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13049/neuropatia-optica-hereditaria-de-leber/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía óptica isquémica anterior" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13127/neuropatia-optica-isquemica-anterior/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojo con sus ojos: Tecnologías para proteger la visión" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ojo-con-sus-ojos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ojos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eyes.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eyes.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/eye.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/eyes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos saltones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003033.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas en mayor riesgo de sufrir daño ocular por rayos UV" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/algunas-personas-estan-en-mayor-riesgo-de-sufrir" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-damage-from-uv-light">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinguécula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001025.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001025.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de daño a la vista: Protéjase de la radiación UV" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100GIEY.PDF?Dockey=P100GIEY.PDF">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los ojos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Schirmer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003501.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de los músculos oculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002961.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudotumor orbitario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001623.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001623.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Señales de advertencia de los problemas de visión en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/eyes/paginas/warning-signs-of-vison-problems-in-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Warning-Signs-of-Vison-Problems-in-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Axenfeld-Rieger" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12045/sindrome-de-axenfeld-rieger/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de posibles problemas con los ojos de los niños" url="https://preventblindness.org/sintomas-de-posibles-problemas-con-los-ojos-de-los-ninos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Previniendo la Ceguera en EEUU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terigión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001011.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción del ojo con fluoresceína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003845.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la órbita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003785.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003008.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uveítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la anisocoria?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-anisocoria">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la hipertensión ocular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/hipertension-ocular" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-hypertension">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la parálisis de Bell?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/paralisis-de-bell" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/bells-palsy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la uveítis?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-uveitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-uveitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un coloboma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-coloboma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un hifema?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hifema" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-hyphema">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un oftalmólogo?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una hemorragia subconjuntival?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/hemorragia-subconjuntival">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una pingüécula y un pterigio?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/pinguecula-pterigio" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/pinguecula-pterygium">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas con los ovarios pueden incluir quistes, cáncer, hipogonadismo y otros. Infórmese aquí. " title="Enfermedades de los ovarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariandisorders.html" id="5805" language="Spanish" date-created="06/08/2011">
<also-called>Enfermedades ováricas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los ovarios son parte del sistema reproductivo de la mujer. Las mujeres tienen dos ovarios, uno a cada lado del útero. Cada ovario es del tamaño y forma de una almendra. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los ovarios producen y almacenan los óvulos. Durante la ovulación, un ovario libera un óvulo. Si el óvulo es fecundando por un espermatozoide, puede producir un embarazo.  Los ovarios también producen las hormonas femeninas estrógeno y progesterona. Cuando una mujer pasa por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt;, sus ovarios dejan de producir estas hormonas y de liberar óvulos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas con los ovarios pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de ovario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html"&gt;Quistes ováricos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html"&gt;Insuficiencia ovárica primaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Torsión ovárica, un torcimiento del ovario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariandisorders.html" id="5804" language="English">Ovarian Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html" id="2068">Cáncer de ovario</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3685">Insuficiencia ovárica primaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html" id="2069">Quistes ováricos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html" id="5913">Síndrome de ovario poliquístico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ovarios, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<site title="Hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000390.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores de ovario de bajo potencial maligno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-ovario-bajo-potencial-maligno-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-low-malignant-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sulfato de DHEA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de cuerpo (tórax, abdomen, pelvis)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobreproducción ovárica de andrógenos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001165.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007294.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Torsión anexial" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/otras-alteraciones-ginecol%C3%B3gicas/torsi%C3%B3n-anexial" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-gynecologic-abnormalities/adnexal-torsion">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Algunas enfermedades pulmonares son el asma, el EPOC, gripe, neumonía, tuberculosis, cáncer de pulmón y muchos otros. Entérese sobre éstas y más. " title="Enfermedades de los pulmones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades pulmonares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los pulmones?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los pulmones son un par de órganos ubicados en el pecho. Son los órganos principales del sistema respiratorio y permiten respirar. Los pulmones suministran oxígeno al cuerpo para que las células obtengan el oxígeno que necesitan para vivir y funcionar. También eliminan el dióxido de carbono, un producto de desecho, del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las enfermedades pulmonares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades pulmonares afectan los pulmones e impiden su funcionamiento normal. Estas afecciones pueden alterar su:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Función respiratoria (capacidad para respirar)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Función pulmonar (qué tan bien funcionan los pulmones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas enfermedades pulmonares son agudas (de corta duración), mientras que otras son crónicas (de larga duración). Las enfermedades pulmonares crónicas suelen desarrollarse lentamente y pueden empeorar con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos diferentes de enfermedades pulmonares, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;Asma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronquitis, que puede ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;aguda&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;Gripe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;Neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html"&gt;Fibrosis pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html"&gt;Sarcoidosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las enfermedades pulmonares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas de las causas de las enfermedades pulmonares incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterianas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;por hongos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respirar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html"&gt;radón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html"&gt;asbesto&lt;/a&gt; y otras formas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genética&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa de una enfermedad pulmonar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades pulmonares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los primeros signos de una enfermedad pulmonar pueden pasar desapercibidos fácilmente. A menudo, un signo temprano de enfermedad pulmonar es no tener el nivel de energía habitual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diferentes enfermedades pulmonares pueden causar síntomas distintos, pero algunos de los síntomas más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; que no desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tos con sangre o mucosidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt; (sensación de que no se está obteniendo suficiente aire)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menor capacidad para hacer ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o malestar al inhalar o exhalar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sibilancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades pulmonares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de pruebas para diagnosticar diferentes tipos de enfermedades pulmonares, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt; de tórax, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografías computarizadas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancias magnéticas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/"&gt;Broncoscopia&lt;/a&gt;: Procedimiento que permite a su profesional de la salud observar sus pulmones. Implica insertar un tubo flexible a través de su nariz o boca hasta llegar a sus pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;Pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden ayudar a su proveedor de atención médica a ver qué tan bien están funcionando sus pulmones. Muchas de ellas implican respirar a través de una boquilla. Otras son pruebas de ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas que miden su nivel de oxígeno en sangre, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/"&gt;oximetría&lt;/a&gt; de pulso y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/"&gt;gasometría arterial&lt;/a&gt; (que también mide sus niveles de dióxido de carbono)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas que le realicen dependerán de sus síntomas y de la enfermedad pulmonar que su profesional de la salud piense que podría tener.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades pulmonares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su tratamiento dependerá de la enfermedad pulmonar que tenga. Algunos de los diferentes tipos de tratamientos para enfermedades pulmonares incluyen medicamentos, cirugía, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxigenoterapia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;. Para algunas afecciones pulmonares muy graves, puede ser necesario un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades pulmonares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No todas las enfermedades pulmonares se pueden prevenir. Pero puede reducir el riesgo de padecer algunas enfermedades pulmonares al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; (si no fuma, no comience)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el humo de segunda mano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir su exposición a sustancias peligrosas como el radón y el asbesto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitar su exposición a la contaminación del aire exterior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vacunarse contra la gripe y la neumonía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener un estilo de vida saludable con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;dieta sana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484" language="English">Lung Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="2113">Embolia pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html" id="1836">Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5598">Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html" id="2114">Fibrosis pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html" id="3635">Hipertensión pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html" id="6017">Insuficiencia respiratoria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html" id="2094">Neumonía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078">Problemas respiratorios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" id="5335">Terapia con oxígeno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html" id="5978">Trastornos de los bronquios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4628">Trastornos pleurales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3102">Virus respiratorio sincitial</related-topic>
<see-reference>Linfangioleiomiomatosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pulmones, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Silicosis</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidosis respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000092.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinomicosis pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000074.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcalosis respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000111.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anomalías alveolares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001093.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspergiloma pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000127.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración de meconio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meconium.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meconium.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de aspiración pulmonar (tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nlungbiop" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nlungbiop">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de pulmón a cielo abierto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003861.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia pulmonar por punción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003860.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000144.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los pulmones con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004011.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco derecho de Swan-Ganz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003870.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el manejo de la EPOC" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000066_87.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000066_26.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo broncoscópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003748.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener una lectura precisa con oxímetros de pulso" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar el inhalador de dosis medida" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/14-ASTHMA-TSS.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho, agudo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-agudo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-acute/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema pulmonar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Empiema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000123.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000142.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000066.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad pulmonar inducida por fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000104.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad pulmonar reumatoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000113.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad respiratoria ocupacional" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-respiratoria-ocupacional-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/occupational-respiratory-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinofilia pulmonar simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000105.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spirometry.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de CO2 en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003469.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de difusión pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frotis para hongos en esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003736.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar marihuana y los pulmones" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/marijuana.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/marijuana.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía pulmonar con galio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003824.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía pulmonar de ventilación/perfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003828.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalador de dosis medidas: Cómo usarlo correctamente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inhalador-de-dosis-medida-como-usarlo-correctamente/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de sonda pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de una sonda torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intercambio de gases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lobectomía pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100094_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100094_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nebulizador" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17129/nebulizador/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumoconiosis de los mineros del carbón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000130.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumoconiosis reumatoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000137.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumomediastino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000084.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis por hipersensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis por químicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000143.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nocardiosis pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000083.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulo pulmonar solitario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000071.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oximetría de pulso" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/pulse-oximetry.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulse-oximetry.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pletismografía pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007289.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas pulmonares y esmog volcánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007468.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteinosis alveolar pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000114.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000114.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones hiperinsuflados: ¿Qué significa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/emphysema/expert-answers/hyperinflated-lungs/faq-20058169?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/expert-answers/hyperinflated-lungs/FAQ-20058169?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y aparato respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lungs.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y el sistema respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lungs.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003422.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiración rápida y superficial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007198.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruidos respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007535.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sibilancias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000134.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis: El trabajo con tejas de cemento, el peligro de la sílice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2006-110_sp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis: ¡Conozca los datos!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-108_sp/pdfs/2004-108sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-108/pdfs/2004-108.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de aspiración de meconio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001596.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con oxígeno: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram en esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003765.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007342.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/lung-transplant">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tus pulmones y tu sistema respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lungs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventilador/Soporte ventilatorio: ¿Qué es?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la LAM (linfangioleiomiomatosis)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/lam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre las diferentes condiciones que pueden afectar a los párpados y su tratamiento como la blefaroplastia, cirugía y más aquí. " title="Enfermedades de los párpados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5405" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus párpados ayudan a proteger a sus ojos. Cuando usted parpadea, sus párpados los humedecen. Parpadear también ayuda a limpiar la tierra u otras partículas en la superficie del ojo. Cerrar los ojos cuando algo se dirige a ellos puede protegerlo de lesiones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como otras partes del cuerpo, los párpados pueden infectarse, inflamarse o hasta desarrollar cáncer. Hay otros problemas más específicos, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Párpados que se dan vuelta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Párpados caídos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parpadeo anormal o espasmos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los problemas de los párpados depende de la causa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5404" language="English">Eyelid Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Párpados, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<site title="Abultamientos en el párpado" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas/abultamientos-en-el-parpado">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arenosidad del ojo" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas/arenosidad-del-ojo">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blefaritis" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/blefaritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blefaritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001619.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blefaroespasmo" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/blefaroespasmo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharospasm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blefaroespasmo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000756.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blefaroplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100183_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100183_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caída del párpado: Bebés y niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003035.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003035.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chalazión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001006.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de párpados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002977.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del párpado (blefaroplastia)" url="https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/cirug%c3%ada-del-p%c3%a1rpado">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad  Estadounidense de Cirujanos  Plásticos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Círculos oscuros debajo de los ojos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/dark-circles-under-eyes/basics/definition/sym-20050624?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/dark-circles-under-eyes/basics/definition/SYM-20050624?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectropión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001007.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entropión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001008.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Excrecencias en los párpados" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/excrecencias-en-los-p%C3%A1rpados" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/eyelid-growths">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inclinación palpebral del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003316.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003316.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orzuelo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parpadeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000010.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis de Bell: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pliegues epicánticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003030.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los ojos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de párpados" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/eyes/paginas/eyelid-problems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/pages/Eyelid-Problems.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos oculoplásticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000781.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancia en el párpado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001009.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Párpados caídos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001018.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triquiasis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/triquiasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/trichiasis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Problemas con los párpados? Tratamiento de la blefaritis" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-con-los-parpados" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/12/eyelid-trouble">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la blefaritis?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-blefaritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-blepharitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la cirugía de Mohs?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/cirugia-de-mohs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la ptosis?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-ptosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un coloboma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-coloboma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un espasmo de párpado o un temblor de párpado?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/espasmo-o-contraccion-muscular-del-parpado">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los chalaziones y los orzuelos?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/chalazion-orzuelo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-chalazia-styes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El buen funcionamiento de los riñones son importates para la salud. La diabetes, la presión arterial alta o los antecedentes familiares pueden aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad renal" title="Enfermedades de los riñones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades renales</also-called>
<also-called>Nefropatías</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene dos riñones, cada uno cerca del tamaño de su puño. Se encuentran en la mitad de su espalda, justo debajo de sus costillas. Dentro de cada riñón hay un millón de estructuras pequeñas llamados nefrones. Ellos filtran los desechos y el exceso de agua de la sangre, lo que se vuelve orina. La orina fluye por tubos llamados uréteres, llegando a la vejiga, que almacena la orina hasta que usted va al baño.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las enfermedades renales atacan los nefrones. Este daño causa que los riñones no puedan eliminar desechos. Las causas incluyen problemas genéticos, lesiones o medicamentos. Usted puede correr mayor riesgo de padecer una enfermedad renal si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión alta&lt;/a&gt; o un familiar cercano con algún problema de los riñones. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt; va dañando los nefrones de a poco con el transcurso del tiempo. Otras enfermedades de los riñones pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html"&gt;Cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html"&gt;Quistes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html"&gt;Piedras&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su médico puede hacerle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;pruebas de sangre y de orina&lt;/a&gt; para detectar si tiene enfermedad renal. Si los riñones &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;fallan&lt;/a&gt; completamente, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante renal&lt;/a&gt; o el tratamiento con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; puede reemplazar la función que normalmente desempeñan los riñones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91" language="English">Kidney Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html" id="1988">Cáncer de riñón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5988">Enfermedad renal crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990">Insuficiencia renal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html" id="4890">Orina y micción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html" id="1991">Piedras en los riñones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1855">Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html" id="5809">Quistes renales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1992">Trasplante de riñón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Glomerulonefritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glomerulosclerosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Goodpasture</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nefritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nefropatía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renales, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Riñón, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso perirrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001274.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidosis tubular renal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/renal-tubular-acidosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/renal-tubular-acidosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidosis tubular renal distal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000493.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidosis tubular renal proximal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000497.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación de un riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000295.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los riñones y en la vejiga con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004010.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/control" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Defectos del tracto genitourinario" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/defectos-del-tracto-genitourinario.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/genital-and-urinary-tract-defects">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en fósforo: ¿Es útil para la enfermedad renal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/food-and-nutrition/faq-20058408?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/food-and-nutrition/faq-20058408?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad con cambios mínimos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000496.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000142.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de los riñones en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal ateroembólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000480.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal crónica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades renales en la niñez" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidney-diseases-childhood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidney-diseases-childhood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación del riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003001.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación quirúrgica del riñón (nefrectomía)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100069_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100069_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis retroperitoneal" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12387/fibrosis-retroperitoneal/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis retroperitoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000463.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonefritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000484.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonefritis (GN) posestreptocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000503.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonefritis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/glomerulonephritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/glomerulonephritis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000475.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulosclerosis focal y segmentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000478.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidronefrosis bilateral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000474.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidronefrosis en recién nacidos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidronefrosis unilateral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000506.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la ECA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del riñón y uréter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001065.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sanos sus riñones: Detecte a tiempo las enfermedades renales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-sanos-sus-rinones">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrosis papilar renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000488.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefrectomía (extracción de riñón)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefritis intersticial" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/nefritis-intersticial-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/interstitial-nephritis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefritis intersticial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000464.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefrocalcinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000492.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefropatía membranosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000472.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefropatía por analgésicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000482.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefropatía por IgA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000466.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefropatía por reflujo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000459.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de la unión ureteropélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001267.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión arterial aguda del riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001272.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003782.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potasio bajo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000479.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta y la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/presion-arterial-insuficiencia-renal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/prevencion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteinuria en los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/proteinuria-en-los-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/proteinuria-in-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de creatinina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba más eficaz para detectar la enfermedad renal" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-prueba-mas-eficaz-para-detectar-la-enfermedad-renal" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/12/better-test-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/kidneys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/kidneys.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riñón ectópico" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/ninos/rinon-ectopico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/ectopic-kidney">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Alport" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000504.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Bartter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000308.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Fanconi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000333.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000333.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome nefrítico agudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000495.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome nefrótico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000490.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome nefrótico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nephrotic-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nephrotic-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome nefrótico congénito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001576.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis de la vena renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000513.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus riñones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/kidneys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidneys.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uropatía obstructiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000507.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los testículos producen las hormonas masculinas y el esperma. Pueden inflamarse o infectarse. También pueden desarrollar cáncer. Más aquí." title="Enfermedades de los testículos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html" id="4281" language="Spanish" date-created="07/25/2006">
<also-called>Enfermedades testiculares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los testículos producen las hormonas masculinas y el esperma. Son dos órganos ovalados ubicados dentro del escroto, que es una bolsa de piel que se encuentra detrás del pene. Es fácil lesionar los testículos porque no están protegidos por huesos o músculos. Los hombres y los niños deben usar suspensorios al practicar cualquier deporte. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debe examinarse los testículos mensualmente y buscar atención médica si detecta nódulos, enrojecimiento, dolor y otros cambios. Los testículos pueden inflamarse o infectarse. También pueden desarrollar cáncer. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de testículos&lt;/a&gt; es poco frecuente y muy tratable. Suele ocurrir entre los 15 y los 40 años.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/testiculardisorders.html" id="4280" language="English">Testicular Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html" id="2191">Cáncer de testículo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html" id="2020">Enfermedades del pene</related-topic>
<see-reference>Genitales masculinos, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hernia inguinal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hidrocele</see-reference>
<see-reference>Testículos, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Traumatismo testicular</see-reference>
<site title="Anorquia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001185.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoexamen testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003909.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el testículo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003160.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003160.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía del escroto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003780.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización de varicocele" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/varicocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Varicocele">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epididimitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espermatocele" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spermatocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spermatocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377829?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona luteinizante (HL) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la respuesta de la LH a la GnRH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003709.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003709.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploraciones testiculares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicles.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000518.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocele comunicante" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Paginas/Communicating-Hydrocele.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Communicating-Hydrocele.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocele: Reparación quirúrgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100163_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100163_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000390.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipogonadismo masculino" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación escrotal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003161.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003161.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000395.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en los testículos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicular-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicular-injuries.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Masas escrotales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Masas escrotales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001283.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orquitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001280.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los genitales en los hombres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancia testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003162.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sulfato de DHEA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hidrocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002999.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002999.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de una torsión testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002994.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002994.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del testículo no descendido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003002.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de la torsión testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100187_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100187_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003163.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-del-ri%C3%B1%C3%B3n-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-urinarias/sangre-en-el-semen">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Semen decolorado: ¿Qué significa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/discolored-semen/expert-answers/faq-20058363?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/discolored-semen/expert-answers/FAQ-20058363?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/male-reproductive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/male-reproductive.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testículo no descendido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000973.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testículo retráctil" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/retractile-testicle/symptoms-causes/syc-20377197?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/retractile-testicle/symptoms-causes/syc-20377197?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testículos no descendidos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/testiculos-no-descendidos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testículos no descendidos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cryptorchidism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cryptorchidism.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Torsión testicular" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/torsion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/torsion.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Torsión testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000517.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transiluminación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003389.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de escroto" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-scrotal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-scrotal">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001284.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo hacer una autoexploración testicular?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tse.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un urólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-urologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Urologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El ano es el orificio del recto a través del cual se expulsan las heces del cuerpo. Los problemas del ano incluyen hemorroides, abscesos, fisuras y cáncer." title="Enfermedades del ano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades anales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ano es el orificio del recto a través del cual se expulsan las heces del cuerpo. Los problemas del ano son comunes. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;hemorroides&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html"&gt;abscesos&lt;/a&gt;, fisuras y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A usted le puede dar vergüenza hablar sobre sus problemas anales, pero es importante decirle sobre ellos al médico, sobre todo si tiene dolor o sangramiento. Mientras más detalles entregue sobre el problema, de mejor forma el médico le ayudará. Los tratamientos varían según el problema en particular.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html" id="137" language="English">Anal Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html" id="3792">Cáncer del ano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831">Cáncer del colon y del recto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rectaldisorders.html" id="5871">Enfermedades rectales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html" id="1948">Hemorroides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ano, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedades anales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Esplenomegalia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fisura anal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Proctitis</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso anal y la fístula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso anorrectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001519.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ano imperforado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001147.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopia y anoscopia de alta resolución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis estreptocócica perianal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001346.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el prurito anal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000689.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender el sangrado rectal leve" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-el-sangrado-rectal-leve" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-minor-rectal-bleeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor anal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/anal-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050918?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/anal-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050918?p=1">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra: Cómo aumentar la cantidad de fibra en su dieta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fisura anal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100154_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100154_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fisura anal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001130.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fisuras anales" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fisuras-anales-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anal-fissures/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picazón anal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recto y ano" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/biolog%C3%ADa-del-aparato-digestivo/recto-y-ano" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/overview-of-the-anus-and-rectum">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de ano imperforado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002926.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de ano imperforado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100030_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100030_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado rectal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050740?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tacto rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas anales" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/las-verrugas-anales" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-warts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El bazo forma parte del sistema linfático, que combate las infecciones y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Entérese sobre otras funciones." title="Enfermedades del bazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html" id="2167" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El bazo es un órgano que se encuentra en su costado izquierdo, por arriba del estómago y debajo de las costillas. Tiene el tamaño aproximado de su puño. El bazo forma parte del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;sistema linfático&lt;/a&gt;, que combate las infecciones y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Contiene los glóbulos blancos que luchan contra los gérmenes. El bazo también ayuda a controlar la cantidad de sangre del organismo y destruye las células envejecidas y dañadas.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas enfermedades pueden provocar una inflamación del bazo. Los traumatismos también pueden lesionar o romper el bazo, especialmente si ya está inflamado. Si el bazo se encuentra muy afectado, es posible que sea necesaria una extirpación quirúrgica. Se puede vivir sin el bazo. Otros órganos, como el hígado, harán algunas de las funciones del bazo. Sin embargo, sin el bazo, el cuerpo perderá parte de su capacidad para combatir las infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html" id="414" language="English">Spleen Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="2016">Enfermedades del sistema linfático</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bazo, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras esplenectomía abierta en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000287.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras esplenectomía en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000277.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000277.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras esplenectomía laparoscópica en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000286.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bazo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spleen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spleen.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bazo dilatado (esplenomegalia): Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354331?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bazo y sistema linfático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/spleen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/spleen.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones posteriores a la esplenectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001290.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esplenectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esplenectomía" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/esplenectomia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/procedures-devices/splenectomy.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esplenectomía (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/splenectomies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/splenectomies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esplenomegalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003276.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación del bazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002944.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002944.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación quirúrgica del bazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100040_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100040_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003825.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperesplenismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001314.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al bazo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-espl%C3%A9nicos/introducci%C3%B3n-al-bazo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/spleen-disorders/overview-of-the-spleen">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotura de bazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ruptured-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20352317?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ruptured-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20352317?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema linfático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entre los problemas en los cartílagos se encuentran osteoartritis, otros tipos de artritis, lesiones en áreas específicas como la rodilla, etc." title="Enfermedades del cartílago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cartilagedisorders.html" id="1800" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cartílago es el tejido firme, pero flexible, que cubre los extremos de los huesos en una articulación. También da forma y apoyo a otras partes del cuerpo, tales como a las orejas, la nariz y la tráquea. El cartílago sano ayuda a moverse al permitir que los huesos se deslicen por encima de los otros. También protege a los huesos impidiendo que se froten entre sí. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cartílago lesionado, inflamado o dañado puede causar síntomas como dolor y limitación del movimiento. También puede conducir a daños articulares y deformidad. Entre las causas de problemas en los cartílagos se encuentran:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Rupturas y lesiones, como en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones causadas por los deportes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores genéticos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Otras enfermedades, tales como algunos tipos de artritis &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt; resulta de la degradación del cartílago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cartilagedisorders.html" id="1412" language="English">Cartilage Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1834">Enfermedades del tejido conectivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jointdisorders.html" id="4622">Problemas de las articulaciones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cartílago, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Desgarro meniscal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hallux rigidus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Osteocondritis disecante</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de tórax en embudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de rupturas de menisco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía mediante microfracturas de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007255.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costocondritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/costochondritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/costochondritis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costocondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000164.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desgarro del labrum de la cadera" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucosamina: ¿Protege a los cartílagos de la osteoartritis?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/glucosamine/faq-20058430?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/glucosamine/FAQ-20058430?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hallux rigidus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en las placas de crecimiento" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-en-las-placas-de-crecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteocondritis-disecante-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteochondritis-dissecans/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondrodisplasias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-del-tejido-conjuntivo-en-ni%C3%B1os/osteocondrodisplasias" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/connective-tissue-disorders-in-children/osteochondrodysplasias">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericondritis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/pericondritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/perichondritis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001253.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de tórax en embudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002949.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de tórax excavado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100035_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100035_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de aloinjerto meniscal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007209.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tórax en quilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003321.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tórax excavado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003320.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Que es la osteoartritis?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteoartritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoarthritis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cerebelo controla la coordinación y el equilibrio. Los problemas médicos incluyen tumores, enfermedades genéticas, ataxias, degeneración. " title="Enfermedades del cerebelo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5920" language="Spanish" date-created="11/14/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted toca el piano o golpea una pelota de tenis, usted esta activando el cerebelo. El cerebelo es el área del cerebro que controla la coordinación y el equilibrio. Los problemas con el cerebelo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades genéticas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Ataxias: Falta de control muscular en los brazos y piernas que resultan en  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del movimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Degeneración: Problemas causados por células del cerebro que disminuyen en tamaño o se consumen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los problemas  en el cerebelo depende de la causa. En algunos casos no existe una cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5919" language="English">Cerebellar Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Cerebelo, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Ataxia cerebelosa aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001397.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxias espinocerebelosas, incluida la enfermedad de Machado-Joseph" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-espinocerebelosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/machado-joseph-disease-and-spinocerebellar-ataxias-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxias y la degeneración cerebelosa o espinocerebelosa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-y-la-degeneracion-cerebelosa-o-espinocerebelosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/ataxia-and-cerebellar-or-spinocerebellar-degeneration">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia multisistémica tipo cerebelosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000758.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración cerebelosa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/degeneracion-cerebelosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebellar-degeneration">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infarto de arteria cerebelosa anterioinferior" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/anterior_inferior_cerebellar_artery_storke_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y procedimientos de diagnóstico neurológico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/pruebas-y-procedimientos-de-diagnostico-neurologico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/neurological-diagnostic-tests-and-procedures-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Dandy-Walker" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-dandy-walker" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dandy-walker-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas en el cerebro pueden incluir tumores, derrames, inflamación, hematomas, etc. Infórmese sobre estos y muchos más aquí. " title="Enfermedades del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html" id="1785" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades cerebrales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cerebro es el centro de control del cuerpo. Controla sus pensamientos, memoria, habla y movimiento. Regula la función de muchos órganos. Es parte del sistema nervioso, que también incluye la médula espinal y los nervios periféricos. El sistema nervioso envía señales entre el cerebro y el resto del cuerpo. Sus nervios registran información de sus sentidos y la envían a su cerebro para ser procesada. Su cerebro y sus nervios también se comunican para ayudarle a moverse y controlar las funciones del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando el cerebro está sano, funciona de forma rápida y automática. Pero cuando tiene una enfermedad cerebral, puede afectar qué tan bien puede funcionar y realizar sus actividades diarias. Algunas enfermedades cerebrales comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html"&gt;Tumores cerebrales&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden ejercer presión sobre los nervios y afectar la función cerebral&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades neurodegenerativas&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden afectar muchas de las actividades del cuerpo, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movimiento&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;habla&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;respiración&lt;/a&gt; y la función del corazón. Los tipos incluyen la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html"&gt;Encefalitis&lt;/a&gt; (inflamación del cerebro): Puede provocar problemas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt;, debilidad y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html"&gt;parálisis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos cerebrales genéticos&lt;/a&gt;: Son causados por cambios en los genes (también llamados variantes o mutaciones). Estos trastornos pueden afectar el desarrollo y la función del cerebro&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidentes cerebrovasculares&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden provocar la pérdida de células cerebrales y afectar la capacidad para pensar con claridad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;Lesiones cerebrales traumáticas&lt;/a&gt;: Pueden afectar la función cerebral. Pueden variar de leves a graves. Los efectos de una lesión cerebral traumática pueden ser temporales o permanentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las enfermedades cerebrales varían ampliamente, dependiendo del problema específico. En algunos casos, el daño es permanente. En otros casos, tratamientos como cirugía, medicamentos o terapias como terapia física, ocupacional y del habla pueden curar la enfermedad o mejorar los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html" id="174" language="English">Brain Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176">Accidente cerebrovascular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html" id="1846">Demencia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html" id="1884">Encefalitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html" id="1736">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1840">Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5920">Enfermedades del cerebelo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html" id="1888">Epilepsia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html" id="1965">Hidrocefalia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html" id="3023">Malformaciones del cerebro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3118">Trastornos cerebrales genéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html" id="1784">Tumores cerebrales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cerebro, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebro, Tumores</see-reference>
<see-reference>Kuru</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tronco cerebral, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000783.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiopatía amiloide cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000719.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atetosis que resulta de la lesión de los ganglios basales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000007.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de la presión intracraneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000793.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000793.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisturí de rayos gamma: Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y el sistema nervioso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/brain-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y el sistema nervioso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/brain-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/brain-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y sistema nervioso (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/brain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/brain.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componentes del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craneotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración hepatocerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001393.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción de los ganglios basales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001069.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción hipotalámica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001202.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001202.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalomielitis aguda diseminada" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/encefalomielitis-aguda-diseminada" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía hepática" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/enfermedades-del-HIGADO/complicaciones-de-la-enfermedad-hep%C3%A1tica/encefalopat%C3%ADa-hep%C3%A1tica/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/hepatic-encephalopathy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000302.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen neurológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelas abultadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma subdural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000713.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia intraventricular del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007301.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión intracraneal idiopática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000351.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoxia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001435.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kuru" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001379.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones cerebrales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/brain-lesions/basics/definition/sym-20050692?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/brain-lesions/basics/definition/SYM-20050692?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000674.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucomalacia periventricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007232.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurociencias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007456.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de amoníaco en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003506.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y procedimientos de diagnóstico neurológico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/pruebas-y-procedimientos-de-diagnostico-neurologico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/neurological-diagnostic-tests-and-procedures-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudotumor cerebri" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12324/seudotumor-cerebri/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistema nervioso central: Cerebro (encéfalo) y médula espinal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de desmielización osmótica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000775.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000771.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000771.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ct-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen muchos trastornos que pueden afectar la capacidad del colon para funcionar adecuadamente. Entre ellos: cáncer de colon, pólipos, fístulas, etc. " title="Enfermedades del colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html" id="1830" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades del intestino colon</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El colon, también llamado intestino grueso, es parte de su sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo y hueco que se encuentra al final del sistema digestivo, en el cual el cuerpo produce y almacena las heces. Existen muchos trastornos que pueden afectar su capacidad para  funcionar adecuadamente. Entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer colorrectal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;Pólipos del colon&lt;/a&gt;: crecimientos de tejido en el colon que pueden hacerse cancerosos &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;Colitis ulcerativa&lt;/a&gt;: úlceras en el colon y el recto &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html"&gt;Diverticulitis&lt;/a&gt;: inflamación o infección de pequeños sacos o divertículos en el colon &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome del intestino irritable&lt;/a&gt;: un cuadro molesto que causa cólicos abdominales y otros síntomas &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de las enfermedades de colon varía ampliamente dependiendo de la enfermedad y su severidad. Puede incluir dieta, medicinas y, en algunos casos, la cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html" id="194" language="English">Colonic Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="2210">Colitis ulcerativa</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" id="4917">Colonoscopía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831">Cáncer del colon y del recto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html" id="1863">Diverticulosis y diverticulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html" id="1842">Enfermedad de Crohn</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5276">Obstrucción intestinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html" id="3135">Pólipos del colon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="1983">Síndrome del intestino irritable</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colitis isquémica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colon, Enfermedades del (General)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hirschsprung, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intestino grueso, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intestino largo, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras colectomía o proctocolectomía total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiodisplasia del colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000238.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía mesentérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía laparoscópica" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/cirugia-laparoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/laparoscopic-surgery-what-is-it">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colectomía abdominal total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007379.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001125.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis isquémica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ischemic-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374001?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ischemic-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374001?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis microscópica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/microscopic-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351478?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia virtual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de tejido colónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003733.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Hirschsprung" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001140.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Hirschsprung" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hirschsprung.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hirschsprung.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fistula enterovesical" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12537/fistula-enterovesical/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia e infarto intestinal pequeño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001151.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia intestinal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Megacolon tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000248.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas anatómicos de la parte inferior del aparato digestivo" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/problemas-anatomicos-parte-inferior-del-aparato-digestivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total con ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección laparoscópica de colon" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/reseccion-laparoscopica-de-colon-informacion-para-el-paciente-de-parte-de-su-medico-y-de-sages/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-colon-resection-from-sages/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudoobstrucción intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000253.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Limpieza de colon es una buena manera de eliminar las toxinas del cuerpo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/colon-cleansing/faq-20058435?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/colon-cleansing/faq-20058435?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad cardiaca es la primera causa de muerte en EE. UU. y también es una causa importante de discapacidad. Síntomas, tratamientos aquí." title="Enfermedades del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cardiopatías</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades cardíacas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad cardíaca o del corazón es un término general que incluye muchos tipos de problemas cardíacos. También se conoce como enfermedad cardiovascular, es decir, enfermedad del corazón y de los vasos sanguíneos.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad cardíaca es la principal causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos, pero hay formas de prevenir y controlar muchos tipos de enfermedades del corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos diferentes de enfermedades del corazón. Las que se nace con ellas se conocen como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;cardiopatías congénitas&lt;/a&gt;. Otros tipos se desarrollan durante su vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; (o enfermedad cardíaca coronaria) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardíaca. Ocurre lentamente con el tiempo cuando una sustancia pegajosa llamada placa se acumula en las arterias que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco. La placa estrecha o bloquea el flujo de sangre al músculo cardíaco y puede provocar otros problemas cardíacos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;Angina&lt;/a&gt;: Dolor en el pecho por falta de flujo sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;Ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;: Cuando parte del músculo cardíaco muere debido a la pérdida de flujo sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;: Cuando su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt;: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otros tipos de enfermedades cardíacas pueden afectar las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;válvulas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; o el músculo cardíaco (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html"&gt;miocardiopatía&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las causas de las enfermedades del corazón dependen del tipo de enfermedad. Algunas causas posibles incluyen el estilo de vida, la genética, las infecciones, los medicamentos y otras enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos factores diferentes pueden hacerle más propenso a tener enfermedades del corazón. Algunos de estos factores se pueden cambiar, pero otros no.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad:&lt;/strong&gt; Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca aumenta a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo:&lt;/strong&gt; Algunos factores pueden afectar el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón de manera diferente en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;mujeres&lt;/a&gt; que en los hombres&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares y genética:&lt;/strong&gt; Una historia familiar de enfermedad cardíaca temprana aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. Además, las investigaciones han demostrado que algunos genes están relacionados con un mayor riesgo de ciertas enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza/etnicidad:&lt;/strong&gt; Ciertos grupos tienen mayores riesgos que otros&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hábitos de estilo de vida:&lt;/strong&gt; Con el tiempo, hábitos de estilo de vida poco saludables pueden aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca: 
	&lt;ul&gt;	
		&lt;li&gt;Comer una dieta alta en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt; saturadas, carbohidratos refinados y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;No hacer suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Beber demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt; y exponerse al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener otras afecciones médicas&lt;/strong&gt; puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. Estos problemas incluyen:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; altos&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt; e inflamatorias&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas dependerán del tipo de enfermedad cardíaca que tenga. Es posible que no tenga síntomas al principio. En algunos casos, es posible que no sepa que tiene una enfermedad cardíaca hasta que tenga una complicación, como un ataque al corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su &lt;strong&gt;historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre la &lt;strong&gt;historia de salud de su familia&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo los familiares que han tenido enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un &lt;strong&gt;examen físico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es probable que solicite &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; y &lt;strong&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades del corazón) para pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los planes de tratamiento para la enfermedad cardíaca dependen del tipo de enfermedad cardíaca que tenga, la gravedad de sus síntomas y otras afecciones médicas que pueda tener. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Procedimientos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;cirugías&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;Rehabilitación cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda bajar el riesgo de ciertas enfermedades cardíacas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;haciendo cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón&lt;/a&gt; y controlando cualquier otra afección médica que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277" language="English">Heart Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html" id="1746">Angina de pecho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html" id="1755">Arritmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3755">Cardiomiopatía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html" id="4120">Cirugías de corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1942">Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="1833">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html" id="4317">Endocarditis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html" id="1945">Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html" id="4267">Paro cardíaco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6012">Problemas del corazón asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html" id="5665">Trastornos del pericardio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corazón, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Derrame pericárdico</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipertrofia ventricular izquierda</see-reference>
<see-reference>Miocarditis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Periocarditis</see-reference>
<site title="Amiloidosis cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000193.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de lipoproteína (a)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-lipoproteina-a/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lipoprotein-a-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004006.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía y la intimidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatías y la depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000790.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugías de corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol (y las enfermedades del corazón)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/colesterol/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comparación de tratamientos para enfermedades cardíacas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/comparacion-de-tratamientos-para-enfermedades-cardiacas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/06/comparing-heart-disease-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contusión miocárdica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000202.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000202.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corazón dilatado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/enlarged-heart/symptoms-causes/syc-20355436?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-heart/symptoms-causes/syc-20355436?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corazón y el sistema circulatorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/heart.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre palpitaciones cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003081_120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003081_33.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo del líquido pericárdico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003720.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003720.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007268.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007150.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad cardíaca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad cardíaca" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/heart-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/heart-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del corazón en la mujer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-riesgo-de-enfermedad-cardiaca/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heart-disease-risk-assessment/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de VLDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/factores-de-riesgo-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo cardiovascular para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/factores-de-riesgo-cardiovascular-para-ninos-y-adolescentes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-disease-risk-factors-for-children-and-teenagers/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flujo sanguíneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000012.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertrofia ventricular izquierda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/left-ventricular-hypertrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20374314?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/left-ventricular-hypertrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20374314?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia miocárdica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia silenciosa" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/isquemia-silenciosa/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo cuando se tiene una cardiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000094.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000094.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miocarditis" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/miocarditis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mixoma auricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007273.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="No se pueden mezclar los suplementos herbarios con los medicamentos para el corazón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palpitaciones cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003081.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas con mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones a causa de la influenza" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del corazón asociados con la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteína C reactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de esfuerzo con ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003878.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Puente miocárdico" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/puente-miocardico/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/myocardial-bridge/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulso saltón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003077.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la enfermedad cardiovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000759.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental / corporal: La enfermedad del corazón" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/corazon?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios vasculares y cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007459.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas de advertencia de la enfermedad cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000775.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema cardiovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sustitutos simples y saludables para el corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del corazón roto" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-heart-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354617?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taponamiento cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000194.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido intravascular cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007266.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculografía nuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003822.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué implica una vida saludable para el corazón?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vida-cardiosaludable" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-healthy-living">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las enfermedades del corazón y el ataque cerebral?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/heart-disease-and-stroke.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-are-heart-disease-and-stroke.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido acetilsalicílico y cardiopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000092.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades del corazón son la causa principal de muerte en mujeres en los Estados Unidos y afecta a personas de todas las edades. Un estilo de vida saludable puede ayudar a disminuir su riesgo." title="Enfermedades del corazón en la mujer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" id="4213" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; es un término general que incluye muchos tipos de problemas del corazón. También se llama enfermedad cardiovascular, lo que significa enfermedad del corazón y de los vasos sanguíneos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; (también llamada enfermedad coronaria) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardíaca tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Ocurre lentamente con el tiempo cuando una sustancia pegajosa llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;placa se acumula en las arterias&lt;/a&gt; que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco. La placa estrecha o bloquea el flujo de sangre al músculo cardíaco y puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;Angina de pecho&lt;/a&gt;: Dolor en el pecho por falta de flujo sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;Ataques cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;: Ocurre cuando parte del músculo cardíaco muere debido a la pérdida de flujo sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Fallo cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;: Sucede cuando el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt;: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo afecta la enfermedad cardíaca a las mujeres?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, la enfermedad cardíaca es la principal causa de muerte en mujeres. Sin embargo, a menudo las mujeres no son diagnosticadas con enfermedad cardíaca con la misma rapidez que los hombres. Esto se debe a que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las mujeres son más propensas que los hombres a tener una enfermedad cardíaca "silenciosa", es decir, no tienen síntomas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que los profesionales de la salud no reconozcan la enfermedad cardíaca en las mujeres porque sus síntomas pueden ser diferentes a los hombres&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Las mujeres son más propensas que los hombres a tener ciertos tipos de enfermedades del corazón que pueden ser más difíciles de diagnosticar&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un retraso en el diagnóstico puede significar una demora en la atención médica que podría ayudar a prevenir problemas graves, como un ataque cardiaco. Por ello, es importante conocer su riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, los síntomas en las mujeres y cómo mantener su corazón sano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de enfermedades cardíacas presentan las mujeres?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las mujeres pueden tener cualquier tipo de enfermedad cardíaca. Al igual que los hombres, el tipo más común de enfermedad cardíaca en mujeres es la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Sin embargo, hay ciertos tipos de enfermedades del corazón que son menos comunes, pero afectan a las mujeres con más frecuencia que a los hombres:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedad coronaria microvascular:&lt;/strong&gt; Dolor en el pecho por espasmos (contracciones repentinas) en las arterias más pequeñas del corazón que impiden el flujo de sangre. Por lo general, ocurre durante el descanso o las actividades de rutina. Esta afección grave aumenta el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardiaco u otras enfermedades del corazón. Este tipo puede ser más difícil de diagnosticar ya que las obstrucciones en las arterias más pequeñas pueden ser más difíciles de ver en las pruebas de imagen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Síndrome del corazón roto:&lt;/strong&gt;  Fuerte dolor en el pecho u otros signos parecidos a un ataque al corazón. Es causado por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; de emociones intensas, como un profundo dolor, ira o sorpresa. Puede suceder incluso si está sano. Afecta principalmente a las mujeres después de la menopausia y, por lo general, no causa ningún daño duradero&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Angina variante:&lt;/strong&gt; Un tipo raro de fuerte dolor en el pecho debido a espasmos en las arterias del corazón. En general, el dolor ocurre en un patrón durante el sueño. La angina variante rara vez causa un ataque al corazón&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes son más propensas a desarrollar enfermedades del corazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad cardíaca aumenta con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;Menopausia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Las mujeres pueden desarrollar enfermedades cardíacas a cualquier edad, pero su riesgo aumenta después de que cesan sus períodos, generalmente a los 55 años. Antes de la menopausia, su cuerpo produce más estrógeno (una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormona&lt;/a&gt; femenina) que ayuda a protegerse contra las enfermedades cardíacas. Por ello, las mujeres generalmente desarrollan la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias 10 años más tarde que los hombres. Durante y después de la menopausia, los niveles de estrógeno disminuyen y aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. Si sus períodos se detienen antes de los 40 años, su riesgo será mayor que el de otras mujeres de su edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares de enfermedades del corazón:&lt;/strong&gt; Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca puede ser mayor si su:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Madre o hermana tuvo una enfermedad cardíaca antes de los 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Padre o hermano tuvo una enfermedad cardíaca antes de los 55 años&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas durante el embarazo&lt;/strong&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes gestacional&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; y preeclampsia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Uso de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;anticonceptivos&lt;/a&gt; hormonales&lt;/strong&gt; (píldoras, parches o anillos vaginales con estrógeno y progesterona)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html"&gt;Endometriosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades inflamatorias y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html"&gt;Problemas de salud mental&lt;/a&gt;, como estrés, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Riesgos para la salud por falta de actividad física&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt; o sobrepeso&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786"&gt;Niveles bajos de colesterol "bueno" (HDL)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; de leve a moderada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene uno o más riesgos de enfermedad cardíaca, pídale ayuda a su profesional de la salud para comprender su nivel de riesgo. Pregunte si necesita alguna &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;prueba del corazón&lt;/a&gt; para ayudar a detectar la enfermedad cardíaca a tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades cardíacas y los ataques cardíacos en las mujeres?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando las mujeres tienen síntomas de &lt;strong&gt;enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/strong&gt;, pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o malestar en el pecho que puede ser difuso y pesado o agudo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en el cuello, la mandíbula, la garganta, la parte superior del abdomen o la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas o vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt; inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt; (sensación de que no puede obtener suficiente aire) durante la actividad física&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las mujeres que tienen &lt;strong&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/strong&gt; son más propensas que los hombres a tener dolor en el pecho cuando descansan o realizan sus actividades diarias, a diferencia de cuando hacen ejercicio. También son más propensas que los hombres a sentir dolor en el pecho por estrés mental.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de un &lt;strong&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/strong&gt; en las mujeres también pueden ser diferentes a los de los hombres. El dolor torácico es el síntoma más común para ambos sexos. Pueden sentirse como aplastadas o apretadas. Pero las mujeres son algo menos propensas que los hombres a tener dolor en el pecho.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Durante un &lt;strong&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/strong&gt;, las mujeres pueden sentir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presión u opresión en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en la parte superior de la espalda, brazos, cuello, mandíbula o garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatiga inusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html"&gt;Indigestión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;acidez estomacal&lt;/a&gt;, náuseas o vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los ataques cardíacos generalmente no se parecen a los eventos repentinos y dramáticos que vemos en las películas. Los síntomas pueden ser leves o fuertes. Pueden comenzar lentamente. Pueden parar y luego volver.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades del corazón en las mujeres?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede ayudar a reducir su riesgo al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aprender a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;prevenir enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; y hacer que los hábitos saludables para el corazón formen parte de su vida diaria&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar a su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo personal de enfermedad cardíaca y la mejor manera de manetener la salud de su corazón&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Recuerde, las mujeres pueden tener enfermedades del corazón sin síntomas. Pero si presta atención a su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca, puede tomar medidas para prevenir problemas o evitar que empeoren.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" id="4212" language="English">Heart Disease in Women</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" id="3168">Angioplastía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html" id="1755">Arritmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="2233">Bypass de la arteria coronaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="1833">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html" id="1945">Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corazón, Enfermedades en la mujer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mujer, Enfermedades del corazón</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentación saludable para el corazón" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/how-eat-health/heart-healthy-eating" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/how-eat-health/heart-healthy-eating">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataque cardíaco y las mujeres" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-attack-and-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-attack-and-women">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataques cardíacos en mujeres" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ataque-cardiaco/mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/heart-disease-women">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía y las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007188.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatías durante el embarazo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/salud-femenina/embarazo-complicado-por-la-enfermedad/cardiopat%C3%ADas-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatías en mujeres hispanas" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad cardiaca" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad cardíaca en las mujeres: Comprender los síntomas y los factores de riesgo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20046167?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/ART-20046167?p=1">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades cardíacas y embarazo: Infórmate sobre los riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de una enfermedad cardíaca" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-disease-risk-factors" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-disease-risk-factors">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia y riesgo cardiovascular" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y la enfermedad cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/las-mujeres-y-la-enfermedad-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/HSmart/women.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud cardíaca" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/salud-cardiaca-heart-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/heart-health-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos de calcio: ¿Un factor de riesgo de ataque cardíaco?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058352?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué implica una vida saludable para el corazón?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vida-cardiosaludable" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-healthy-living">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cóccix es el pequeño hueso ubicado al final de la columna vertebral. Los trastornos del cóccix incluyen traumatismos, dolor, infecciones, quistes y tumores" title="Enfermedades del cóccix" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tailbonedisorders.html" id="2183" language="Spanish" date-created="04/16/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cóccix es el pequeño hueso ubicado al final de la columna vertebral. Los trastornos del cóccix incluyen traumatismos, dolor, infecciones, quistes y tumores. Raramente se fractura. Pero los traumatismos provocan hematomas y distensión de los ligamentos. Una caída hacia atrás sobre una superficie dura, como resbalarse en el hielo, es la causa más común de estos traumatismos. Los síntomas de varios trastornos del cóccix incluyen dolor en el área del hueso, dolor al sentarse, dolor o entumecimiento en los brazos o las piernas debido a la presión sobre los nervios de la región del cóccix y una masa o crecimiento que puede ver o tocar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tailbonedisorders.html" id="1448" language="English">Tailbone Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Cóccix, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para lesión en el cóccix" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000573.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de quiste pilonidal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007591.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cóccix: ¿Cómo aliviarlo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/expert-answers/tailbone-pain/faq-20058211?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/expert-answers/tailbone-pain/faq-20058211?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del seno pilonidal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003253.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoyuelo sacro" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sacral-dimple/symptoms-causes/syc-20377353?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sacral-dimple/symptoms-causes/syc-20377353?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de Tarlov" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12006/quiste-de-tarlov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiste pilonidal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/quiste-pilonidal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste pilonidal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del elevador del ano" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-anales-y-rectales/s%C3%ADndrome-del-elevador-del-ano" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/levator-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo en el coxis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000008.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Algunas condiciones del estómago pueden incluir indigestion, acidez, úlceras, gastritis. Siga informándose sobre síntomas y tratamientos aquí. " title="Enfermedades del estómago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html" id="2173" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades estomacales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El estómago es un órgano que se encuentra entre el esófago y el intestino delgado. En él comienza la digestión de las proteínas. El estómago cumple con tres funciones. Almacena la comida deglutida. Mezcla la comida con los ácidos gástricos. Luego envía la mezcla hacia el intestino delgado. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Probablemente ya tuvo un problema en el estómago alguna vez. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html"&gt;indigestión&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;acidez&lt;/a&gt;  son problemas comunes. Es posible aliviar algunos problemas gástricos con medicinas sin receta médica y cambios en el estilo de vida, tales como evitar las comidas grasosas o comer más lentamente. Otros problemas como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlcera pépticas&lt;/a&gt; o la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;ERGE&lt;/a&gt; necesitan atención médica. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debe ver a un médico si tiene alguno de los siguientes síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Presencia de sangre en las heces &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt; severo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Acidez que no mejora con los antiácidos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida de peso no intencional &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos o diarrea persistentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html" id="420" language="English">Stomach Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html" id="2172">Cáncer de estómago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062">Dolor abdominal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html" id="4294">Indigestión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="2048">Náusea y vómitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html" id="2083">Úlcera péptica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Estómago, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastroparesia</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras una esofagogastroduodenoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bezoar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001582.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo y biopsia de tejido gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de estómago (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stomachaches.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stomachaches.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis pilórica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis pilórica en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000970.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000970.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis pilórica infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100095_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100095_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de anticuerpos anticélulas parietales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003351.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre en heces con reactivo desechable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007007.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámen de sangre para gastrina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100022_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100022_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002945.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001150.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis y gastropatía" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastritis-gastropatia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroparesia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/gastroparesia/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/gastroparesis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000297.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piloroplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002922.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas intestinales: Dolor, flatulencia, hinchazón y más" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de vaciamiento gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-vaciamiento-gastrico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gastric-emptying-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos gástricos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Succión gástrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003882.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de evacuación gástrica rápida" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué eructo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/burp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/burp.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el vómito?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/puke.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/puke.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Algunas enfermedades del esófago pueden ser acidez (ERGE), cáncer y muchos otras. Infórmese sobre síntomas, tratamientos y más aquí" title="Enfermedades del esófago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html" id="1890" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El esófago es el tubo muscular que transporta alimentos y líquidos desde la boca al estómago. Es posible que no esté consciente de su esófago hasta que trague algo demasiado grande, demasiado caliente o demasiado frío. También puede notarlo cuando algo anda mal. Puede sentir dolor o tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El problema más común con el esófago es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; (ERGE). La ERGE ocurre cuando un músculo que se encuentra al final del esófago no se cierra adecuadamente. Esto permite al contenido del estómago volver hacia el esófago y lo irrite, conocido como reflujo. Con el tiempo, la ERGE puede causar lesiones en el esófago. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros problemas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;acidez&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; y esofagitis. Los médicos pueden usar varios exámenes para diagnosticarla. Estos incluyen pruebas de imagen, una endoscopia superior y una biopsia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del problema. Algunas personas mejoran con medicinas sin receta médica o con cambios en la dieta. Otras, pueden necesitar medicinas con receta o cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html" id="246" language="English">Esophagus Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html" id="1889">Cáncer de esófago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1872">Problemas para tragar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916">Reflujo gastroesofágico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acalasia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Barret, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Esfófago, Várices sangrantes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Esofágicas, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Espasmos esofágicos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Esófago, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Esófago, Espasmos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Várices esofágicas sangrantes</see-reference>
<site title="Acalasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000267.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acalasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100143_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100143_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acalasia y trastornos de la motilidad esofágica" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/pulm%C3%B3n-es%C3%B3fago-y-otras-enfermedades-del-pecho/acalasia-y-trastornos-de-la-motilidad-esof%C3%A1gica" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/lung-esophageal-and-other-chest-diseases/achalasia-and-esophageal-motility-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras esofagectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras una esofagogastroduodenoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anillo esofágico inferior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000208.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atresia esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000961.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia esofágica y fístula traqueoesofágica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/atresia-esofagica-y-fistula-traqueoesofagica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/esophageal-atresia-and-tracheoesophageal-fistula/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003764.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la dilatación esofágica" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-dilataci%C3%B3n-esof%C3%A1gica" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-eso-dilation-updated">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la manometría esofágica" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-manometr%C3%ADa-esof%C3%A1gica" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-esophageal-manometry">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desgarro de Mallory-Weiss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000269.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y alimentación después de una esofagectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001153.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/esofagitis-eosinofilica-(ee)-eosinophilic-esophagi" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis infecciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000646.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmo esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000289.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos esofágicos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis esofágica benigna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000207.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esófago de Barrett" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esofago-de-barrett-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/barretts-esophagus.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esófago de Barrett" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001143.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre en heces con reactivo desechable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007007.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al esófago" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-esof%C3%A1gicos-y-de-la-degluci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-al-es%C3%B3fago" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/overview-of-the-esophagus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manometría esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003884.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo del pH esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003401.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perforación esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000231.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de pH esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ph-esofagico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/esophageal-ph-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo biliar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gástrico (RGE y ERGE) en adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/reflujo-gastrico-rge-enfermedad-por-reflujo-gastroesofagico-erge-adultos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de fístula traqueoesofágica y atresia esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una fístula traqueosofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100103_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100103_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Opitz G/BBB" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11990/sindrome-de-opitz-gbbb/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Várices esofágicas sangrantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El hígado es el órgano más grande dentro del cuerpo. Algunas condiciones son: hígado graso, hepatitis, cirrosis, alcoholismo, peritonitis, etc. Más aquí." title="Enfermedades del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades hepáticas</also-called>
<also-called>Hepatopatías</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El hígado es el órgano de mayor tamaño dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda al organismo a digerir los alimentos, almacena energía y elimina toxinas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de enfermedades hepáticas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades causadas por virus, como la  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html"&gt;hepatitis A&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html"&gt;hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades causadas por drogas, venenos o toxinas o por ingerir demasiado alcohol. Los ejemplos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad por hígado graso&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de hígado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades hereditarias, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;hemocromatosis&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Wilson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la enfermedad hepática pueden variar, pero a menudo incluyen hinchazón del abdomen y las piernas, tener moretones con facilidad, cambios en el color de las heces y la orina, y piel y ojos amarillentos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;ictericia&lt;/a&gt;. A veces no hay síntomas. Las pruebas de imagen o de función hepática pueden comprobar si hay daño en el hígado o ayudar a diagnosticar enfermedades del hígado. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html" id="310" language="English">Liver Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html" id="1824">Cirrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html" id="2008">Cáncer de hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html" id="2272">Enfermedad de Wilson</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html" id="1949">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html" id="4453">Ictericia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html" id="2127">Síndrome de Reye</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" id="2010">Trasplante de hígado</related-topic>
<see-reference>Esteatohepatitis no alcohólica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hígado, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="5'-Nucleotidasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003575.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso hepático amebiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000211.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absceso hepático piógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000261.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agrandamiento del hígado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/enlarged-liver/symptoms-causes/syc-20372167?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-liver/symptoms-causes/syc-20372167?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpo antimitocondrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000286.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia biliar (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biliary-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biliary-atresia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirrubina en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003595.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Capacidad total de fijación del hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirrosis e hipertensión portal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cirrosis-e-hipertension-portal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cirrhosis-and-portal-hypertension/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis biliar primaria (CBP)" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis-pbc/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-psc/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangitis esclerosante primaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-esclerosante-primaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reconocer la ictericia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-reconocer-la-ictericia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/10/recognizing-jaundice">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daño hepático causado por fármacos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/f%C3%A1rmacos-e-h%C3%ADgado/da%C3%B1o-hep%C3%A1tico-causado-por-f%C3%A1rmacos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración hepatocerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001393.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación portocava" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007336.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación portosistémica intrahepática transyugular (DPIT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007210.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desvío portosistémico intrahepático transyugular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tips" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tips">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para la enfermedad hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002441.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elastografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/elastography/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000302.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía hepática" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/enfermedades-del-HIGADO/complicaciones-de-la-enfermedad-hep%C3%A1tica/encefalopat%C3%ADa-hep%C3%A1tica/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/hepatic-encephalopathy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000205.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hepática" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/liver-problems/symptoms-causes/syc-20374502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-problems/symptoms-causes/syc-20374502?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hepática alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000281.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por almacenamiento de glucógeno tipo 1 (von Gierke)" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/enfermedades-del-HIGADO/centro-de-informaci%C3%B3n-hep%C3%A1tica-pedi%C3%A1trica/enfermedad-hep%C3%A1tica-pedi%C3%A1trica/enfermedad-por-almacenamiento-de-gluc%C3%B3geno-tipo-1-de-von-gierke/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/glycogen-storage-disease-type-1-von-gierke/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de aldolasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003566.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ferritina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de leucina aminopeptidasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003559.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de nefelometría cuantitativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003470.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de TBG en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/galactosemia/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/galactosemia/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003825.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma hepático" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/liver-hemangioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354234?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-hemangioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354234?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma hepático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000243.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión portal" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/manifestaciones-cl%C3%ADnicas-de-las-enfermedades-hep%C3%A1ticas/hipertensi%C3%B3n-portal" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/portal-hypertension">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hígado agrandado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003275.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hígado graso no alcohólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia hepática aguda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-liver-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20352863?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-liver-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20352863?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000214.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucina aminopeptidasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003617.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luchar contra el hígado graso" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/luchar-contra-el-higado-graso" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/10/fighting-fatty-liver">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de la vena hepática (Budd-Chiari)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000239.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000239.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000648.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis secundaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000651.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteínas totales y relación albúmina/globulina (A/G)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/proteinas-totales-y-relacion-albumina-globulinaa-g/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/total-protein-and-albumin-globulin-a-g-ratio/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de amoníaco en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003506.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cloruro en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cloruro-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chloride-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gamma-glutamil transferasa (GGT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gamma-glutamil-transferasa-ggt/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gamma-glutamyl-transferase-ggt-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas analíticas para hepatopatía autoinmunitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003328.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes hepáticos: ¿Causan dolor abdominal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/liver-problems/expert-answers/liver-cysts/faq-20058440?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-problems/expert-answers/liver-cysts/faq-20058440?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de cuerpo (tórax, abdomen, pelvis)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Alagille" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/alagille-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/alagille-syndrome/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Gilbert" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20372811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20372811?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de hígado: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores hepáticos benignos" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/enfermedades-del-HIGADO/complicaciones-de-la-enfermedad-hep%C3%A1tica/tumores-hep%C3%A1ticos-benignos/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/benign-liver-tumors/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Várices esofágicas sangrantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El intestino delgado es la parte más larga de su sistema digestivo: ¡casi 6 metros de largo! Entérese sobre el colon irritable, cáncer, divertículos y más. " title="Enfermedades del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5447" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El intestino delgado es la parte más larga de su sistema digestivo -  ¡casi 20 pies (6 metros) de largo! Conecta el estómago al intestino grueso (colon) y se dobla muchas veces para entrar en el abdomen. El intestino delgado hace la mayor parte de la digestión de la comida que usted come. Tiene tres áreas: el duodeno, el íleon y el yeyuno. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los posibles problemas con el intestino delgado pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad celíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de intestino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;Obstrucción intestinal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome del intestino irritable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ulceras, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlcera péptica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de estos problemas depende de la causa. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5446" language="English">Small Intestine Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalcancer.html" id="3653">Cáncer de intestino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858">Diarrea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802">Enfermedad celíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html" id="1842">Enfermedad de Crohn</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html" id="1859">Enfermedades del sistema digestivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ostomy.html" id="3039">Estomas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1917">Hemorragia gastrointestinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5276">Obstrucción intestinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="1983">Síndrome del intestino irritable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5460">Síndromes de malabsorción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html" id="2083">Úlcera péptica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intestino delgado, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras resección del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras una esofagogastroduodenoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspirado y cultivo del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003731.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003731.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001131.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de tejido duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003730.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia capsular" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diverticulectomía de Meckel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002929.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Divertículo de Meckel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000234.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000234.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Divertículo de Meckel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100092_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100092_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001149.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroclisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003818.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterocolitis necrosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001148.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001148.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterocolitis necrosante" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/nec" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/nec">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enterocolitis necrosante" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nec.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nec.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagogastroduodenoscopia (EGD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003888.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio de tránsito intestinal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/small-bowel-follow-thru" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/small-bowel-follow-thru">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de aspirado de líquido duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003729.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007378.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones poco frecuentes: Yersinia enterocolítica y Yersinia pseudotuberculosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/rare-infections-yersinia-enterocolitica-and-yersinia-pseudotuberculosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Rare-Infections-Yersinia-Enterocolitica-and-Yersinia-Pseudotuberculosis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malrotación intestinal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/malrotation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/malrotation.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proliferación excesiva de bacterias en el intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000222.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de huevos y parásitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre oculta en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resección de intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100039_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100039_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002943.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado del intestino delgado: Causas, diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/sangrado-del-intestino-delgado-causas-diagnostico-y-tratamiento/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/small-bowel-bleeding/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de intestino corto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12871/sindrome-de-la-arteria-mesenterica-superior/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7712/superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino corto" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/malabsorci%C3%B3n/s%C3%ADndrome-del-intestino-corto">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino corto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000237.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si bien suelen darse en los niños, los adultos también pueden tener infecciones en los oídos. La que afecta al oído medio se llama otitis. Infórmese aquí." title="Enfermedades del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html" id="1875" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El oído tiene tres partes principales: externo, medio e interno. Para oír se utilizan todas ellas. Las ondas sonoras entran por el oído externo. Llegan al oído medio, donde hacen vibrar el tímpano. Las vibraciones se transmiten a través de tres huesos diminutos llamados osículos que se encuentran en el oído medio. Las vibraciones viajan hacia el oído interno, un órgano curvilíneo con forma de serpiente. El oído interno transmite los impulsos nerviosos hasta el cerebro. El cerebro los identifica como sonidos. El oído interno también controla el equilibrio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas enfermedades pueden afectar el oído o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de oído&lt;/a&gt; son las más comunes en bebés y niños pequeños.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html"&gt;Tinnitus&lt;/a&gt;, un rumor que se escucha en el oído y que puede ser a consecuencia de ruidos fuertes, medicinas o algunas otras causas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Ménière&lt;/a&gt; puede resultar debido a problemas con líquidos en el oído medio; sus síntomas incluyen tinnitus y vértigo.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/barotrauma.html"&gt;Barotrauma&lt;/a&gt; del oído, que es una lesión al oído a causa de cambios en la presión barométrica (aire) o del agua. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Algunas enfermedades del oído pueden terminar en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;problemas de la audición y sordera&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eardisorders.html" id="1545" language="English">Ear Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html" id="2263">Enfermedad de Ménière</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html" id="1876">Infecciones de los oídos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acousticneuroma.html" id="2251">Neuroma acústico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939">Problemas de la audición y sordera</related-topic>
<see-reference>Oído, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Acueductos vestibulares dilatados y la pérdida de audición en los niños" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/acueductos-vestibulares-dilatados-y-la-perdida-de-audicion-en-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/enlarged-vestibular-aqueducts-and-childhood-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anomalías en el pabellón auricular e implantación baja de las orejas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003303.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia aural (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aural-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aural-atresia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de las orejas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100016_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100016_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de tubos de timpanostomía: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000220.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía estética de oreja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002988.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002988.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Criptotia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cryptotia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cryptotia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuídate los oídos y las orejas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ear-care.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción de las trompas de Eustaquio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/disfuncion-de-las-trompas-de-eustaquio-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/eustachian-tube-dysfunction/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003046.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergencias del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000052.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis del canal auditivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-canal-stenosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-canal-stenosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación calórica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003340.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fosita o papiloma preauricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003304.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión de los huesecillos del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001633.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gotas para los oídos" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/16982/gotas-para-los-oidos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del conducto auditivo (oído del nadador)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/infecci%C3%B3n-del-conducto-auditivo-o%C3%ADdo-de-nadador" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/ear-canal-infection-swimmer-s-ear">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones de oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-injuries.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del oído" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/lesiones-faciales/lesi%C3%B3n-del-o%C3%ADdo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/ear-injury">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microtia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/microtia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/microtia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuronitis vestibular" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-interno/neuronitis-vestibular" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/vestibular-neuronitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Objeto extraño en el oído: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid/basics/art-20056709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid/basics/ART-20056709?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión por cerumen" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/earwax-blockage/symptoms-causes/syc-20353004?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/earwax-blockage/symptoms-causes/syc-20353004?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orejas en copa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/constricted-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/constricted-ears.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orejas prominentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/protruding-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/protruding-ears.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001036.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/otosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/otosclerosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ears.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericondritis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/pericondritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/perichondritis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001253.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Permeabilidad de la trompa de Eustaquio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001630.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pliegues en el lóbulo de la oreja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003045.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de oído" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-oido/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/ear-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos auriculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001638.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste o tumor benigno de oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001033.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del tímpano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003014.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica del tímpano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100015_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100015_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptura del tímpano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001038.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secreción del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003042.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tapón de cerumen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000979.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000979.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timpanometría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003390.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timpanoplastia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tympanoplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tympanoplasty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo y problemas del oído interno" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/trauma_and_inner_ear_problems_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor del glomus timpánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001635.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001635.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores del oído" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-del-o%C3%ADdo-externo/tumores-del-o%C3%ADdo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/ear-tumors">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus oídos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar en avión y los oídos de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flying-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flying-ears.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la cera de los oídos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/earwax.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/earwax.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas en el pene pueden causar dolor y afectar el funcionamiento sexual y la fertilidad en los hombres. Siga informándose aquí." title="Enfermedades del pene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html" id="2020" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades peneales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los problemas en el pene pueden causar dolor y afectar el funcionamiento sexual y la fertilidad en los hombres. Las enfermedades del pene incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Disfunción eréctil&lt;/a&gt;: incapacidad para lograr o mantener una erección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Priapismo: erección dolorosa que no desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedad de Peyronie: curvatura en el pene durante la erección debido a una masa dura denominada placa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balanitis: inflamación de la piel que recubre la cabeza del pene, con mayor frecuencia en hombres y niños que no han sido circuncidados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer de pene: una forma rara de cáncer, con muchas posibilidades de curación cuando se detecta con anticipación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/penisdisorders.html" id="1360" language="English">Penis Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/circumcision.html" id="1823">Circuncisión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html" id="2191">Cáncer de testículo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html" id="1972">Disfunción eréctil</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html" id="4281">Enfermedades de los testículos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Epispadia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Genitales masculinos, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Parafimosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pene, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pene, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pene, Trauma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Peneales, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Peyronie, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras reparación de hipospadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (cáncer de pene)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pene/paciente/tratamiento-pene-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/patient/penile-treatment-pdq#_48">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Balanitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000862.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado del pene (incircunciso)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001917.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curvatura del pene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001278.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curvatura del pene (enfermedad de Peyronie)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/curvatura-del-pene-enfermedad-peyronie" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/penile-curvature-peyronies-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de pene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001276.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003166.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Peyronie" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-peyronie-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/peyronies-disease.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades urológicas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epididimitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001279.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epispadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001285.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritroplasia de Queyrat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001300.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de pene" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pene/paciente/tratamiento-pene-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/patient/penile-treatment-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de pene" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/penis-fracture/faq-20058154?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/penis-fracture/faq-20058154?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genitales ambiguos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ambiguous-genitalia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369273?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atypical-genitalia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369273?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipospadias" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/hipospadias.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/hypospadias.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipospadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100126_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100126_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipospadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001286.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por hongos en los hombres: ¿Cómo puedo saber si tengo una?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/faq-20058464?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/FAQ-20058464?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación del pene" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-masculina/trastornos-del-pene-y-de-los-test%C3%ADculos/inflamaci%C3%B3n-del-pene" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/men-s-health-issues/penile-and-testicular-disorders/inflammation-of-the-penis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de pene" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pene/paciente/tratamiento-pene-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/patient/penile-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Para los niños: Problemas &quot;en la entrepierna&quot;" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/down-there.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/down-there.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parafimosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001281.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parafimosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/parafimosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/paraphimosis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002279.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pene curvo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/sym-20050628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/SYM-20050628?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Priapismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/priapism/symptoms-causes/syc-20352005?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/priapism/symptoms-causes/syc-20352005?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los genitales en los hombres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos para el agrandamiento del pene: ¿Funcionan?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/penis/art-20045363?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/penis/art-20045363?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hipospadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003000.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud del pene" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/penis-health/art-20046175?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/penis-health/art-20046175?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Opitz G/BBB" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11990/sindrome-de-opitz-gbbb/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es normal mi pene?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/penis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/penis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas del páncreas pueden conducir a muchos problemas de salud: pancreatitis, cáncer, etc. El páncreas también juega un papel en la diabetes. " title="Enfermedades del páncreas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="2075" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades pancreáticas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;. Los problemas en el páncreas pueden conducir a muchos problemas de salud. Entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreatitis.html"&gt;Pancreatitis&lt;/a&gt; o inflamación del páncreas: esto ocurre cuando las enzimas digestivas comienzan a digerir al mismo páncreas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de páncreas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;Fibrosis quística&lt;/a&gt;, un trastorno genético en el que una secreción mucosa espesa y pegajosa pueden obstruir los conductos pancreáticos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El páncreas también tiene un papel en la diabetes. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo I&lt;/a&gt;, las células beta del páncreas no producen insulina debido a una reacción del sistema inmunitario del cuerpo contra ellas. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, el páncreas pierde la capacidad de segregar suficiente insulina en respuesta a las comidas. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="110" language="English">Pancreatic Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html" id="2074">Cáncer de páncreas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html" id="1843">Fibrosis quística</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreatitis.html" id="5877">Pancreatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html" id="2073">Trasplante de páncreas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Páncreas, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zollinger-Ellison, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso pancreático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000270.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absorción de la D-xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amilasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amilasa en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003464.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiografía transhepática percutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la CPRE (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elastasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastasa-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stool-elastase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de estimulación de secretina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003892.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de lipasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de glucagón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003716.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de tripsinógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003560.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperinsulinemia: ¿Es diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia pancreática exocrina" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/insuficiencia-pancreatica-exocrina" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/exocrine-pancreatic-insufficiency">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insulinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000387.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macroamilasemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001216.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000287.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000221.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poder del páncreas: Deje fluir sus jugos digestivos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-del-pancreas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/02/power-your-pancreas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de amilasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-amilasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amylase-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lipasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lipasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lipase-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Páncreas anular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001142.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Páncreas divisum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000247.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimotripsina en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/quimotripsina-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chymotrypsin-in-stool/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quistes pancreáticos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pancreatic-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20375993?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatic-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20375993?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudoquiste pancreático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000272.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000325.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tripsina y quimotripsina en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003594.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infórmese sobre qué cambios en las mamas son normales y cuáles no aquí." title="Enfermedades del seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html" id="1787" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades de las mamas</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades de los pechos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las mujeres experimenta cambios en los senos en algún momento de su vida. La edad, los niveles hormonales y las medicinas que toman pueden causar bultos, masas y secreciones (fluidos o líquidos que no son leche materna).  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si nota un bulto, dolor, secreción o irritación en la piel de uno o de los dos senos, consulte a su médico. Tanto los problemas graves como los no graves tienen síntomas similares. Aunque muchas mujeres les tienen miedo al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;, la mayoría de los problemas en los senos no son cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos cambios comunes en los senos son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios fibroquísticos de la mama: presencia de nódulos, engrosamiento e hinchazón que se presentan antes del período menstrual &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quistes: abultamientos llenos de líquido &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fibroadenomas: nódulos sólidos, redondos y gomosos que se mueven fácilmente con la presión, suelen aparecer con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres jóvenes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Papilomas intraductales: protuberancias parecidas a las verrugas que crecen cerca del pezón &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Conductos lácteos obstruidos o tapados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Producción de leche en mujeres que no están amamantando &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html" id="474" language="English">Breast Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html" id="1786">Cáncer de seno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html" id="2021">Mamografía</related-topic>
<see-reference>Autoexamen mamario</see-reference>
<see-reference>Calcificaciones en el seno</see-reference>
<see-reference>Galactorrea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ginecomastía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mama, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mastitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pechos, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seno, Calcificaciones en el</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seno, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Senos, Hombre</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso subareolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001501.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenosis del seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/adenosis-del-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/adenosis-of-the-breast.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Afecciones no cancerosas de los senos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agrandamiento de senos en los hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003165.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración de quiste mamario" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aspiracion-de-quiste-mamario/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/breast-cyst-aspiration/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoconocimiento de los senos" url="https://www.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/LRGPrintBSA-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoexamen de mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001993.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001993.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama con ultrasonido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007432.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama guiada por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastbimr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbimr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama guiada por ultrasonido" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastbius" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbius">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia estereotáctica de la mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007433.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcificaciones mamarias" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/breast-calcifications/basics/definition/sym-20050834?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/breast-calcifications/basics/definition/SYM-20050834?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en las mamas con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003999.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003999.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los pezones y en la piel de las mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000622.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios fibroquísticos en el seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/fibrosis-y-quistes-simples-en-el-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fibrosis-and-simple-cysts-in-the-breast.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios mamarios premenstruales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003153.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carcinoma lobulillar localizado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/symptoms-causes/syc-20374529?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/symptoms-causes/syc-20374529?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando usted descubre una masa o un cambio" url="https://www.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-381-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de mama en las mujeres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dolor-de-senos-en-las-mujeres-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/breast-pain-in-women/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003152.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía de las mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003379.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectasia de los conductos mamarios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374801?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374801?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades benignas del seno" url="https://www.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-377-SP.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.komen.org/wp-content/uploads/BenignBreastConditions.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erupción en el pecho" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/breast-rash/basics/definition/sym-20050817?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/breast-rash/basics/definition/SYM-20050817?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación del tumor de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100003_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100003_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibroadenoma de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007216.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactografía (ductografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/galactogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/galactogram">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactorrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/galactorrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/galactorrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ginecomastia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/boybrst.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/boybrst.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperplasia del seno (ductal o lobulillar)" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/hiperplasia-del-seno-ductal-o-lobulillar.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/hyperplasia-of-the-breast-ductal-or-lobular.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección mamaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001490.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mamas fibroquísticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000912.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mamografía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mastitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrosis grasa y quistes oleosos en el seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos/necrosis-grasa-y-quistes-oleosos-del-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/fat-necrosis-and-oil-cysts-in-the-breast.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulo mamario: la evaluación temprana es fundamental" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/breast-lump/art-20044839?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/breast-lump/art-20044839?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Papiloma intraductal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001238.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pezones supernumerarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003110.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas relacionados con el tejido mamario en los hombres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-relacionados-con-el-tejido-mamario-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas relacionados con los senos en las mujeres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-relacionados-con-los-senos-en-las-mujeres/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas y afecciones benignos del seno" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/problemas-y-afecciones-benignos-del-seno-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/https-familydoctor-org-condition-benign-breast-conditions/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes mamarios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/breast-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20370284?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20370284?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de las mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007360.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de mama" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secreción del pezón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001515.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001515.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secreción por el pezón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/definition/SYM-20050946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/definition/SYM-20050946?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Significado de cambios y afecciones de los senos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/significado-cambios-en-los-senos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transiluminación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003389.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor mamario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003155.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido del seno" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué me duelen los pechos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sore-breasts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sore-breasts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen muchos tipos de trastornos en el sistema digestivo. Los síntomas varían ampliamente dependiendo del problema. Infórmese aquí." title="Enfermedades del sistema digestivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html" id="1859" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades del aparato digestivo</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades gastrointestinales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando el cuerpo come, descompone los alimentos en una forma que puede utilizar para producir y nutrir células y suministrar energía. Este proceso se llama digestión.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El sistema digestivo es una serie de órganos huecos unidos en un tubo largo y retorcido. Comienza en la boca y se extiende hasta el ano, e incluye el esófago, el estómago, el intestino delgado y el intestino grueso. El hígado, la vesícula y el páncreas también participan. Estos tres órganos producen jugos que ayudan en el proceso de la digestión.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de trastornos digestivos. Los síntomas varían ampliamente dependiendo del problema. En líneas generales, debe consultar a un médico si observa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre en las evacuaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en los hábitos intestinales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt; severo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso no intencional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;Acidez&lt;/a&gt; que no mejora con antiácidos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html" id="29" language="English">Digestive Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html" id="1863">Diverticulosis y diverticulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802">Enfermedad celíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html" id="1830">Enfermedades del colon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html" id="2173">Enfermedades del estómago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009">Enfermedades del hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5447">Enfermedades del intestino delgado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html" id="1835">Estreñimiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html" id="4292">Gas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html" id="4294">Indigestión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5276">Obstrucción intestinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916">Reflujo gastroesofágico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html" id="2083">Úlcera péptica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Asa ciega, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedades gastrointestinales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedades intestinales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastroinestinales, Enfermedaddes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intestino corto, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intestino, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intususcepción</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oclusión intestinal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sistema digestivo, Enfermedades del (General)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome del asa ciega</see-reference>
<site title="Absorción de la D-xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras resección del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras una esofagogastroduodenoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía mesentérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/digestive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/digestive.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Color de las heces: Cuándo puede ser preocupante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/stool-color/expert-answers/faq-20058080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/stool-color/expert-answers/FAQ-20058080?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desvío portosistémico intrahepático transyugular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tips" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tips">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen de corta duración" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen, largo plazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos del envejecimiento sobre el aparato digestivo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/biolog%C3%ADa-del-aparato-digestivo/efectos-del-envejecimiento-sobre-el-aparato-digestivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/biology-of-the-digestive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-digestive-system">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades digestivas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades digestivas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007447.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por TAC (tomografía axial computada)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteropatía pierdeproteínas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007338.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esprúe tropical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000275.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de guayacol en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula gastrointestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001129.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces con olor fétido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003132.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces flotantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces pálidas o de color arcilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003129.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia gastrointestinal: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003068.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantener el intestino bajo control" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantener-el-intestino-bajo-control" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/05/keeping-your-gut-check">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perforación gastrointestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000235.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peristalsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000097.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas intestinales: Dolor, flatulencia, hinchazón y más" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Saciedad temprana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003127.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonidos abdominales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003137.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la causa del hipo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hiccup.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hiccup.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un gastroenterólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-gastroenterologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Gastroenterologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Su sistema endocrino incluye ocho glándulas principales distribuidas por todo el cuerpo. Estas producen hormonas. Aquí sobre condiciones y procesos." title="Enfermedades del sistema endocrino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html" id="1885" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades endocrinas</also-called>
<also-called>Trastornos endocrinos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su sistema endocrino incluye ocho glándulas principales distribuidas por todo el cuerpo. Estas glándulas producen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt;. Las hormonas son mensajeros químicos. Viajan a través del torrente sanguíneo hacia los tejidos y órganos. Las hormonas trabajan lentamente y afectan los procesos corporales desde la cabeza hasta los pies. Entre esos procesos se encuentran:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crecimiento y desarrollo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Metabolismo: digestión, eliminación, respiración, circulación sanguínea y mantenimiento de la temperatura corporal&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Función sexual&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Reproducción&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estado de ánimo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si los niveles hormonales están demasiado elevados o disminuidos, es posible que tenga un trastorno hormonal. Las enfermedades hormonales también ocurren si el cuerpo no responde a las hormonas como debería hacerlo. El estrés, las infecciones y los cambios en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;equilibrio de líquidos y electrolitos&lt;/a&gt; de la sangre también pueden afectar los niveles hormonales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, la enfermedad endocrina más común es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Existen muchas otras. El tratamiento suele consistir en controlar la cantidad de hormonas que produce el organismo. Si el problema es la falta de niveles suficientes de hormonas, los suplementos hormonales pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html" id="475" language="English">Endocrine Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html" id="1722">Enfermedad de Addison</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html" id="2091">Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="2079">Enfermedades de la paratiroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html" id="2196">Enfermedades de la tiroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="1724">Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="2075">Enfermedades del páncreas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html" id="1961">Hormonas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/growthdisorders.html" id="1926">Trastornos de crecimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Neoplasia endocrina múltiple</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pubertad precoz</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sistema endocrino, Enfermedades del (General)</see-reference>
<site title="Diferencias del desarrollo sexual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001669.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001669.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la respuesta de la LH a la GnRH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003709.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003709.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de glucagón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003716.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámen de sangre para gastrina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glándulas endocrinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000048.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glándulas endocrinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002351.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperinsulinemia: ¿Es diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipogonadismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001195.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001195.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000390.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipogonadismo masculino" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neoplasia-endocrina-multiple/paciente-tratamiento-sindromes-nem-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/patient-child-men-syndromes-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neoplasia endocrina múltiple (NEM) I" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000398.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neoplasia endocrina múltiple (NEM) II" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000399.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de insensibilidad a los andrógenos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001180.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11861/sindrome-de-mccune-albright/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de secreción inadecuada de la hormona antidiurética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000314.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000325.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/s%C3%ADndromes-de-neoplasia-endocrina-m%C3%BAltiple/s%C3%ADndromes-de-neoplasia-endocrina-m%C3%BAltiple-nem" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia-syndromes/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia-syndromes-men">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un endocrinólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-endocrinologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Endocrinologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sistema linfático es una red de tejidos y órganos. Entérese sobre las condiciones que pueden afectarlo." title="Enfermedades del sistema linfático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="2016" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades linfáticas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El sistema linfático es una red de tejidos y órganos. Está formado principalmente por:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Linfa: Un líquido que contiene glóbulos blancos que defienden al cuerpo de los gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vasos linfáticos: Son los vasos que transportan la linfa por todo el cuerpo, y son distintos a los vasos sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos: Son glándulas que se encuentran por todos los vasos linfáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Junto al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html"&gt;bazo&lt;/a&gt;, estos ganglios son donde los glóbulos blancos luchan contra las infecciones. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La médula ósea y el timo producen las células que se encuentran en la linfa. Ambos también son parte de este sistema.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El sistema linfático elimina la infección y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Si no funciona en forma adecuada, el líquido se acumula en los tejidos y causa una hinchazón llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphedema.html"&gt;linfedema&lt;/a&gt;. Otros problemas del sistema linfático pueden incluir infecciones, bloqueos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="591" language="English">Lymphatic Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html" id="2167">Enfermedades del bazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphedema.html" id="4611">Linfedema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html" id="2017">Linfoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ganglio linfático</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sistema linfático, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Ascitis quilosa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chylous-ascites.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chylous-ascites.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bazo y sistema linfático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/spleen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/spleen.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/estadificacion/hoja-informativa-ganglio-centinela" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de los ganglios linfáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003933.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bulto en el cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003098.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer y los ganglios linfáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disección del cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007573.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Castleman" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/castleman-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20543017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/castleman-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20543017?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglios linfáticos inflamados" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/swollen-lymph-nodes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353902?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swollen-lymph-nodes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353902?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglios linfáticos inflamados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003097.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Higroma quístico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000148.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000148.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperplasia linfofolicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001377.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al sistema linfático" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/trastornos-del-sistema-linf%C3%A1tico/introducci%C3%B3n-al-sistema-linf%C3%A1tico" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/lymphatic-disorders/overview-of-the-lymphatic-system">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfadenitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001301.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfadenitis mesentérica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mesenteric-lymphadenitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353799?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mesenteric-lymphadenitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353799?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfangiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003798.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfangitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007296.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfogammagrafía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones linfáticas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lymphatic-malformations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lymphatic-malformations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulos linfáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000083.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancia axilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003099.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema linfático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002247.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema linfático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor inguinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003100.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la LAM (linfangioleiomiomatosis)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/lam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lam">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los nervios periféricos son aquellos que se encuentran fuera del cerebro y de la médula espinal. Síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="2084" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Neuropatía periférica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los nervios periféricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los nervios son como cables que llevan mensajes de ida y vuelta entre el cerebro y el cuerpo. Los nervios periféricos se ramifican desde el cerebro y la médula espinal y se conectan a todas las partes del cuerpo, incluyendo músculos y órganos. Los nervios periféricos transportan mensajes desde el cerebro controlando su movimiento, respiración, latidos cardíacos, digestión y más. También llevan mensajes de su cuerpo a su cerebro, para que pueda sentir cosas como dolor, calor y frío.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos ocurren cuando uno o más nervios periféricos están dañados. Es posible que los nervios dañados no transmitan los mensajes bien o que no funcionen en absoluto. Como resultado, es posible que tenga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html"&gt;problemas para caminar&lt;/a&gt; o una variedad de otros problemas, según los nervios involucrados.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos son muy comunes. Hay más de 100 tipos diferentes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas cosas pueden dañar los nervios y provocar trastornos de los nervios periféricos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; es la causa más común de enfermedades de los nervios periféricos. La mayoría de las personas con diabetes tendrán &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;problemas de los nervios por diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lesión física&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;trauma&lt;/a&gt;) que estira, aplasta, aprieta, corta o ejerce presión sobre uno o más nervios. Algunos ejemplos de enfermedades de los nervios periféricos por lesiones físicas incluyen el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de dolor regional complejo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brachialplexusinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones del plexo braquial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas de salud&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; y su tratamiento&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infecciones&lt;/strong&gt;, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Lyme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastornos de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html"&gt;sangre&lt;/a&gt; o los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;vasos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedad &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renal&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hepática&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contacto con determinadas sustancias tóxicas&lt;/strong&gt;, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;plomo&lt;/a&gt; o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html"&gt;mercurio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Trastorno por abuso de alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;tabaquismo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;Desequilibrios vitamínicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, especialmente falta de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-b/"&gt;vitamina B12&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/basica/gen/"&gt;genes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo cambios en sus genes o las afecciones que hereda de los padres, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/charcotmarietoothdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ciertos casos, se desconoce la causa del trastorno de los nervios periféricos.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de los nervios periféricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los trastornos de los nervios periféricos dependen de qué nervios estén afectados, qué está causando el daño y qué tan grave es:&lt;/p&gt; 



&lt;!-- TABLE BEGINS HERE --&gt;

&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="100%"&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Tipos de nervios&lt;/th&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Posibles síntomas de daño en los nervios&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;nervios motores&lt;/strong&gt; controlan sus músculos y todos sus movimientos, como caminar, hablar y usar las manos&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Músculos débiles o adoloridos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el equilibrio, caminar o usar brazos o manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html"&gt;Calambres&lt;/a&gt; o espasmos musculares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contracción muscular&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;nervios sensoriales&lt;/strong&gt; llevan mensajes al cerebro desde los sentidos, incluyendo el tacto, el frío y el calor y el dolor&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormigueo, entumecimiento o dolor a menudo en las manos y los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No poder sentir calor, frío o dolor, como un corte en el pie&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor incluso por un toque leve&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html"&gt;nervios autónomos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; envían mensajes a sus órganos para controlar la respiración, la digestión y otras funciones corporales que suceden sin pensar en ellas.&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Latido del corazón que es demasiado rápido o demasiado lento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html"&gt;Transpirar&lt;/a&gt; mucho o muy poco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómitos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html"&gt;orinar&lt;/a&gt; o con la función sexual&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;!-- TABLE ENDS HERE --&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a muy fuertes. Pueden desarrollarse rápidamente durante días o lentamente durante meses y años. Pero rara vez ponen en riesgo la vida.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene una enfermedad de los nervios periféricos, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html"&gt;historia de salud de su familia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solicitar pruebas, que pueden incluir:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Pruebas nerviosas que miden:
			&lt;ul&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/"&gt;Actividad eléctrica en sus nervios y músculos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-autonomicas/"&gt;Qué tan bien están funcionando sus nervios autónomos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;/ul&gt;
		&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de nervio o tejido de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;Tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; para ver qué puede estar presionando sus nervios&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es importante tratar cualquier afección que esté causando daño a los nervios. En ciertos casos, eso permitirá que sus nervios se curen con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los síntomas depende del tipo de enfermedad de los nervios periféricos que tenga, dónde se encuentra y qué tan grave es. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aparatos ortopédicos o férulas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parches y cremas&lt;/strong&gt; para la piel de venta libre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos recetados&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html"&gt;Manejo del dolor sin medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, como estimulación eléctrica o terapia de relajación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; para aliviar la presión sobre un nervio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlar las condiciones de salud que pueden causar daño a los nervios, especialmente la diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt; y accidentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No usar sustancias tóxicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html"&gt;Tener cuidado de evitar movimientos repetitivos y posiciones del cuerpo&lt;/a&gt; que presionen sus nervios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seguir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;dieta equilibrada&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;hacer ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;, limitar el consumo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y no &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Desórdenes Neurológicos y Derrame Cerebral&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095" language="English">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sciatica.html" id="2137">Ciática</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brachialplexusinjuries.html" id="6090">Lesiones del plexo braquial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2730">Neuralgia del trigémino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1856">Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="2121">Síndrome de dolor regional complejo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html" id="2193">Síndrome de la salida torácica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="1799">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Neuropatía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sistema nervioso periférico, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
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<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de nervio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueos de nervios" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nerveblock" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nerveblock">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compresión del nervio cubital en el codo (síndrome del túnel cubital)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/atrapamiento-del-nervio-cubital-en-el-codo-sindrome-del-tunel-cubital-ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow-cubital-tunnel-syndrome/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la dolorosa neuropatía periférica" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-painful-neuropathy/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disautonomía familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001387.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio axilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000689.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio cubital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000789.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio femoral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000687.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio mediano distal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000691.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio peroneo común" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000791.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio radial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000790.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entumecimiento y hormigueo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003206.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglioneuroma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001437.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo: ¿Puede provocar neuropatía periférica?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/faq-20058489?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/FAQ-20058489?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insensibilidad congénita al dolor" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12147/insensibilidad-congenita-al-dolor/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones a los nervios periféricos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-nerve-injuries/symptoms-causes/syc-20355631?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos anticonvulsivos: Alivio del dolor por nervios dañados" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/in-depth/pain-medications/art-20045004?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/in-depth/pain-medications/ART-20045004?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meralgia parestésica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/meralgia-paresthetica/symptoms-causes/syc-20355635?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononeuritis múltiple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000782.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononeuropatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000780.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001407.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia glosofaríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001636.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurociencias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007456.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía autonómica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía autónoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000776.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía periférica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuropatia-periferica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/peripheral-neuropathy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000593.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía periférica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352061?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía periférica (diagnóstico, tratamientos, terapias)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352067?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía secundaria a medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000700.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatías hereditarias" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuropatias-hereditarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hereditary-neuropathies">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatías metabólicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001161.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001161.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parestesia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/parestesia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#paresthesia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/polineuropatia-desmielinizante-inflamatoria-cronica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/chronic-inflammatory-demyelinating-polyneuropathy-cidp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polineuropatía desmielizante inflamatoria crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000777.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polineuropatía sensitivomotora" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000750.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los nervios (neuropatía periférica)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/problemas-nervios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nerve-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiculopatía cervical (nervio pinzado)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/radiculopatia-cervical-nervio-pinzado-cervical-radiculopathy" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/cervical-radiculopathy-pinched-nerve/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Isaacs" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-isaacs" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/isaacs-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del tunel tarsal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000792.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000792.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las partes del sistema nervioso?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/neuro/informacion/partes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/parts">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen más de 200 trastornos conectivos. De algunos, se conocen las causas. Otros, como la esclerodermia, no." title="Enfermedades del tejido conectivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1834" language="Spanish" date-created="02/25/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su tejido conectivo apoya a muchas partes diferentes de su cuerpo, como la piel, los ojos y el corazón. Es como un "pegamento celular" que entrega su forma a partes de su cuerpo y ayuda a mantenerlas fuertes. También ayuda a algunos de tus tejidos a hacer su trabajo. Está hecho de muchos tipos de proteínas. El cartílago y la grasa son tipos de tejido conectivo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen más de 200 trastornos que afectan el tejido conectivo. Hay de diferentes tipos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos genéticos, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Marfan&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html"&gt;osteogénesis imperfecta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html"&gt;esclerodermia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cáncer, como algunos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html"&gt;sarcoma del tejido blando&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada trastorno tiene sus propios síntomas y requiere diferentes tratamientos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1411" language="English">Connective Tissue Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cartilagedisorders.html" id="1800">Enfermedades del cartílago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html" id="2138">Esclerodermia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html" id="2014">Lupus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="2066">Osteogénesis imperfecta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="2160">Sarcoma del tejido blando</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html" id="1880">Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html" id="2023">Síndrome de Marfan</related-topic>
<site title="Acondrogénesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001247.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/anticuerpos-antinucleares-ana" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/antinuclear-antibodies-ana">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contractura de Dupuytren" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001233.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deformidad por contractura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003185.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de Ellis-Van Creveld" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de Kniest" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kniest-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia diastrófica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diastrophic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia epifisaria múltiple" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia espondiloepifisaria congénita" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sedc-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad mixta del tejido conjuntivo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20375147?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20375147?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglión en la muñeca y la mano" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/quiste-ganglionar-de-la-muneca-y-la-mano-ganglion-cyst/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ganglion-cyst-of-the-wrist-and-hand/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoplasia cartílago-cabello (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipomas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lipomas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/lipomas.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel laxa (cutis laxa)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-del-tejido-conjuntivo-en-ni%C3%B1os/piel-laxa-cutis-laxa" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/connective-tissue-disorders-in-children/cutis-laxa">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de ganglio" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El útero es el lugar donde se desarrolla el bebé cuando está embarazada. Infórmese sobre los síntomas y tratamientos de las enfermedades uterinas aquí." title="Enfermedades del útero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades de la matriz</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades del endometrio</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades uterinas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El útero o matriz es un órgano reproductor femenino importante. El útero es el lugar donde se desarrolla el bebé cuando está embarazada. Si tiene una enfermedad uterina, el primer signo puede ser una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;hemorragia&lt;/a&gt; entre las menstruaciones o después de las relaciones sexuales. Las causas de las hemorragias anormales incluyen hormonas, problemas tiroideos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;fibromas&lt;/a&gt;, pólipos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;, infecciones o embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento dependerá de la causa. Algunas veces las pastillas anticonceptivas resuelven los problemas de desequilibrio hormonal. Si la causa es un problema de la tiroides, el tratamiento también puede ayudar a detener la hemorragia. Si tiene cáncer o hiperplasia, un crecimiento excesivo de células normales en el útero, es posible que necesite una cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otros problemas uterinos son la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html"&gt;endometriosis&lt;/a&gt; y la adenomiosis. En la endometriosis, el tipo de tejido que recubre el útero crece fuera de éste. En la adenomiosis, el tejido crece en las paredes externas del útero. Los analgésicos pueden ayudar; otros tratamientos incluyen hormonas y cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html" id="477" language="English">Uterine Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html" id="1805">Cáncer de cuello uterino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html" id="2213">Cáncer de útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html" id="1886">Endometriosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html" id="2215">Fibroides uterinos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html" id="1968">Histerectomía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="2264">Problemas del piso pélvico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4876">Sangrado vaginal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html" id="5416">Trastornos del cuello uterino</related-topic>
<see-reference>Endometrio, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Matriz, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Útero, Enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Ablación endometrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007632.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenomiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001513.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenomiosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001484.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen pélvico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperplasia Endometrial" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hiperplasia-endometrial-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/endometrial-hyperplasia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosalpingografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003404.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosalpingografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pesario vaginal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pesario-vaginal/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vaginal-pessary/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos endometriales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007636.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos uterinos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retrodesviación uterina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001506.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado uterino anormal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrado-uterino-anormal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/abnormal-uterine-bleeding/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie del procedimiento de dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Asherman" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001483.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Útero doble" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/double-uterus/symptoms-causes/syc-20352261?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/double-uterus/symptoms-causes/syc-20352261?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los genes son los ladrillos de la herencia. Contienen el ADN. Infórmese sobre mutaciones, cómo se heredan y qué tipos de enfermedades genéticas existen." title="Enfermedades genéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los genes son los ladrillos de la herencia.  Se pasan de padres a hijos. Los genes contienen el ADN, las instrucciones para fabricar proteínas. Estas son las que realizan la mayor parte de las funciones dentro de las células. Las proteínas mueven moléculas de un lugar a otro, construyen estructuras, descomponen toxinas y realizan otros tipos de tareas de mantenimiento.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, se produce una mutación, un cambio en un gen o en varios genes. Esta mutación cambia las instrucciones para fabricar las proteínas y esto hace que las proteínas no funcionen correctamente o falten. Esto puede causar una enfermedad genética.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede heredar una mutación genética de uno o de ambos padres. Pero también puede suceder durante su vida.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos de enfermedades genéticas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Defectos monogenéticos, que afectan solo un gen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos cromosómicos, donde los cromosomas (o parte de cromosomas) faltan o cambian. Los cromosomas son las estructuras que contienen nuestros genes. El síndrome de Down es un trastorno cromosómico &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Multifactoriales, donde hay mutaciones en dos o más genes. En este tipo, nuestro estilo de vida y medio ambiente influyen. El cáncer de colon es un ejemplo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; de sangre u otros tejidos pueden identificar las enfermedades genéticas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html" id="33" language="English">Genetic Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html" id="3812">Asesoramiento genético</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dwarfism.html" id="1871">Enanismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802">Enfermedad celíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html" id="2146">Enfermedad de células falciformes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rarediseases.html" id="2119">Enfermedades raras</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html" id="1843">Fibrosis quística</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html" id="1947">Hemocromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="1825">Labio leporino y paladar hendido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukodystrophies.html" id="2282">Leucodistrofias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html" id="3023">Malformaciones del cerebro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="2066">Osteogénesis imperfecta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" id="1922">Pruebas genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html" id="1866">Síndrome de Down</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/praderwillisyndrome.html" id="2101">Síndrome de Prader-Willi</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html" id="3691">Síndrome X frágil</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3118">Trastornos cerebrales genéticos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Barth, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Batten, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Genética, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Anomalías cromosómicas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Anomal%C3%ADas-Cromos%C3%B3micas" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Chromosome-Abnormalities-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beriberi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condiciones genéticas y cromosómicas" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/condiciones-geneticas-y-cromosomicas.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/genetic-and-chromosomal-conditions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Defectos de aparición tardía" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/defectos-de-aparicion-tardia.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia campomélica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de Ellis-Van Creveld" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia epifisaria múltiple" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliptocitosis hereditaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000563.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/s%C3%ADndromes-neurocut%C3%A1neos-en-ni%C3%B1os/enfermedad-de-von-hippel-lindau">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades genéticas" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/16992/enfermedades-geneticas/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender la genética y la salud" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115596/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK115596.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Genética</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del recién nacido: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de lipasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Formas comunes de herencia" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/formas-comunes-de-herencia.aspx">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genes y genética" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002048.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genética (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/about-genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/about-genetics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipoplasia cartílago-cabello (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mosaicismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001317.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mutaciones genéticas (cambios genéticos)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gene-mutations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gene-mutations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovalocitosis hereditaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000566.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progeria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001657.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome CLOVES (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cloves-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cloves-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Alström" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001665.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Glass-Chapman-Hockley" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12611/sindrome-de-glass-chapman-hockley/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Haim-Munk" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12612/sindrome-de-haim-munk/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001656.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11856/sindrome-de-noonan/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan con lentigos múltiples" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001473.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000244.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://www.stjude.org/es/cuidado-tratamiento/enfermedades-que-tratamos/sindrome-de-von-hippel-lindau.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Williams" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001116.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del carcinoma basocelular congénito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001452.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ojo de gato" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12260/sindrome-del-ojo-de-gato/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome triple X" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/triple-x-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350977?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/triple-x-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350977?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes autoinflamatorios asociados a la criopirina" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindromes-autoinflamatorios-asociados-a-la-criopirina" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/cryopyrin-associated-autoinflammatory-syndromes-caps">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades genéticas? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/consulta/diagnostico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/consult/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se tratan o manejan los trastornos genéticos? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/consulta/tratamiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/consult/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un gen?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/what-is-gene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/what-is-gene.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un genetista pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades infecciosas son causadas por gérmenes. Pueden adquirirse por tocar, comer, beber o respirar algo con gérmenes. Prevención y tratamiento." title="Enfermedades infecciosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html" id="1977" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Infecciones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las enfermedades infecciosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los gérmenes o microbios se encuentran en todas partes, en el aire, el suelo y el agua. También hay gérmenes en su piel y en su cuerpo. Muchos de ellos son inofensivos y algunos incluso pueden ser beneficiosos. Pero algunos de ellos pueden enfermarle. Las enfermedades infecciosas son causadas por gérmenes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de gérmenes que causan enfermedades infecciosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay cuatro tipos principales de gérmenes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacterias&lt;/a&gt;: Gérmenes unicelulares que se multiplican rápidamente. Pueden liberar toxinas, sustancias químicas nocivas que pueden enfermarle. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;faringitis estreptocócica&lt;/a&gt; y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt; son infecciones bacterianas comunes&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;Virus&lt;/a&gt;: Pequeñas partículas que contienen material genético. Invaden las células para que puedan multiplicarse. Esto puede matar, dañar o cambiar las células y enfermarle. Las infecciones virales incluyen el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriado común&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;Hongos&lt;/a&gt;: Organismos primitivos parecidos a las plantas, como moho, mildiu y levaduras. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html"&gt;pie de atleta&lt;/a&gt; y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;infecciones por cándida&lt;/a&gt; son infecciones fúngicas comunes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;Parásitos&lt;/a&gt;: Animales o plantas que sobreviven viviendo sobre o dentro de otros seres vivos. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html"&gt;malaria&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html"&gt;piojos&lt;/a&gt; son infecciones causadas por parásitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propagan las enfermedades infecciosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas formas diferentes de contraer una enfermedad infecciosa, dependiendo del tipo de germen. Esto puede incluir::&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del contacto directo con una persona que está enferma. Esto incluye besarse, tocarse, estornudar, toser y tener contacto sexual. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;personas embarazadas&lt;/a&gt; también pueden transmitir algunos gérmenes a sus bebés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del contacto indirecto, cuando toca algo que tiene gérmenes. Por ejemplo, podría estar en contacto con gérmenes si alguien que está enfermo tocó el picaporte de una puerta y luego usted lo toca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de picaduras de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insectos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html"&gt;animales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A través de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;contaminación de alimentos&lt;/a&gt;, agua, suelo o plantas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades infecciosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades infecciosas pueden causar muchos síntomas diferentes. Algunos son tan leves que es posible que ni siquiera los note, mientras que otros pueden ser potencialmente mortales.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades infecciosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen tratamientos para algunas enfermedades infecciosas, como antibióticos y medicinas antivirales, antifúngicos y antiparasitarios. Pero para otras infecciones, como algunas causadas por virus, solo puede tratar sus síntomas mientras su sistema inmunitario combate contra los gérmenes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades infecciosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tomar medidas para ayudar a prevenir muchas enfermedades infecciosas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;Vacunarse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Prestar atención a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;seguridad con los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto con animales salvajes&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Usar un condón de látex cada vez que tenga relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgico al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No compartir elementos como cepillos de dientes, peines y pajillas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html" id="513" language="English">Infectious Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750">Antibióticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767">Infecciones bacterianas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" id="3041">Medidas para el control de infecciones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<see-reference>Infecciosas, Enfermedades (General)</see-reference>
<site title="A al Zika: Comprensión de enfermedades emergentes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/de-la-a-al-zika" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/02/zika">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para lidiar con medidas de precaución durante un brote de una enfermedad contagiosa: Distanciamiento social, cuarentena y aislamiento" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4894spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/PEP20-01-01-007_2.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con el estrés durante un brote de una enfermedad contagiosa" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4885spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4885.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades infecciosas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes e higiene: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Infórmate y protégete contra las bacterias, los virus y las infecciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones bacterianas frente a infecciones virales: ¿En qué se diferencian?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/FAQ-20058098?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones en personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/en/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/low-blood-counts/infections.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones recurrentes en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre las enfermedades infecciosas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/overview-of-infectious-diseases.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Overview-of-Infectious-Diseases.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de aglutinación en látex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003334.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de PCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas rápidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recurrencia de infecciones puede indicar inmunodeficiencias" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-inmunodeficiencias/la-recurrencia-de-infecciones-puede-indicar-inmuno" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/immuno-deficiency/recurrent-infections-immunodeficiencies">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resistencia a los antibióticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre infeccioso y contagioso?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contagious.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contagious.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La infección meningocócica más común es la meningitis. Entérese sobre ésta y otras infecciones por meningococos aquí." title="Enfermedades meningocócicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningococcaldisease.html" id="5652" language="Spanish" date-created="10/13/2010">
<also-called>Infecciones meningocócicas</also-called>
<also-called>Infecciones por meningococos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las enfermedades meningocócicas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfermedad meningocócica es el nombre de cualquier afección causada por la bacteria &lt;em&gt;Neisseria meningitidis&lt;/em&gt; (también llamada bacteria meningocócica). Estas enfermedades suelen ser graves y, en ocasiones, pueden ser mortales. Incluyen infecciones del revestimiento del cerebro y la médula espinal (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt;) y del torrente sanguíneo (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;). Las vacunas pueden ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la enfermedad meningocócica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen &lt;em&gt;Neisseria meningitidis&lt;/em&gt;, la bacteria que causa la enfermedad, en la parte de atrás de la nariz y la garganta. Por lo general, tienen la bacteria, pero no se enferman. Esto se conoce como "portador". Pero en ocasiones la bacteria puede propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo y causar enfermedad meningocócica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La bacteria puede transmitirse de persona a persona a través de la saliva. Suele ocurrir por contacto estrecho o prolongado con una persona que la tiene. El contacto cercano puede ocurrir al besarse o al toser.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se puede contraer la bacteria a través del contacto casual con alguien que tiene la enfermedad. Por ejemplo, no se puede contraer al respirar el aire donde ha estado una persona con la afección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer enfermedades meningocócicas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera puede contraer la enfermedad meningocócica, pero es más probable que la contraiga si alguien con quien vive la padece. También es más probable que se contagie si tiene contacto directo con la saliva de alguien que la tiene (por ejemplo, al besarse).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Además, ciertos grupos de personas tienen más probabilidades de contraer la enfermedad, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños menores de 1 año&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de 16 a 23 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 65 años y mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con afecciones médicas que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;debilitan su sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo aquellas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; y ciertas enfermedades inmunitarias raras &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que no tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html"&gt;bazo&lt;/a&gt; o que tienen un bazo que no funciona bien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que toman inhibidores del complemento. Estos son medicamentos de inmunoterapia que se administran a aquellos con ciertas enfermedades raras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que viven en entornos hacinados, como dormitorios universitarios o cuarteles militares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que viajan a zonas donde la enfermedad es más común, como ciertas partes del África subsahariana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades meningocócicas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de enfermedad meningocócica. Los tipos más comunes son la meningitis y la septicemia. Ambos son muy graves y pueden ser mortales en cuestión de horas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La meningitis meningocócica&lt;/strong&gt; es una infección meningocócica del revestimiento del cerebro y la médula espinal. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rigidez de nuca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede causar síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fotofobia (ojos más sensibles a la luz)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede resultar difícil notar estos síntomas en los recién nacidos y los bebés. También pueden tener otros síntomas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar lentos o inactivos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar irritables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomitar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alimentarse mal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen un abultamiento en la parte blanda del cráneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La septicemia meningocócica&lt;/strong&gt; es una infección meningocócica del torrente sanguíneo. También se conoce como meningococemia. Cuando una persona tiene esta enfermedad, las bacterias ingresan al torrente sanguíneo y se multiplican. Esto daña las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos y causa sangrado en la piel y los órganos. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre y escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manos y pies fríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores intensos o dolor en los músculos, las articulaciones, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;pecho&lt;/a&gt; o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Respiración rápida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una erupción de color púrpura oscuro (en las últimas etapas de la enfermedad)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a su gravedad, debe buscar atención médica inmediata si usted o su hijo presentan síntomas de enfermedad meningocócica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad meningocócica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad meningocócica suelen ser similares a los de otras enfermedades. Esto puede dificultar el diagnóstico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su profesional de la salud (o el de su hijo) piensa que puede haber enfermedad meningocócica, solicitará pruebas que toman muestras de sangre y/o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/"&gt;líquido cefalorraquídeo&lt;/a&gt; (el fluido cerca de la médula espinal) y enviará las muestras a un laboratorio para su análisis. La prueba incluirá un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/"&gt;cultivo de bacterias&lt;/a&gt;, que puede identificar el tipo específico de bacteria que esté causando la infección. Saber esto puede ayudar al proveedor de atención médica a determinar el mejor tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades meningocócicas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; pueden tratar la enfermedad meningocócica. Es importante que el tratamiento se inicie lo antes posible. Por ello, si el profesional de la salud piensa que usted tiene enfermedad meningocócica, en general recetará antibióticos de inmediato (antes de que obtenga los resultados de la prueba).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con enfermedades serias pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apoyo respiratorio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para tratar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial baja&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía para eliminar tejido muerto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuidado de heridas en partes del cuerpo con piel dañada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con enfermedad meningocócica tendrán problemas de salud y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidades&lt;/a&gt; a largo plazo, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html"&gt;Pérdida de extremidades&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Sordera&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas del sistema nervioso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Incluso con tratamiento, entre 10 y 15 de cada 100 personas morirán a causa de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica es vacunarse. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de EE. UU. recomiendan la vacunación meningocócica para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Todos los adolescentes y preadolescentes&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Niños con mayor riesgo de enfermedad meningocócica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos con mayor riesgo de enfermedad meningocócica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si es contacto cercano de una persona con enfermedad meningocócica, es probable que le administren antibióticos para evitar que se enferme. Esto se conoce como "profilaxis". Los contactos cercanos incluyen personas que viven juntas. También incluyen personas que tuvieron contacto directo con la saliva de una persona con la enfermedad (por ejemplo, al besarse).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque es poco común, puede contraer la enfermedad meningocócica más de una vez.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningococcaldisease.html" id="5651" language="English">Meningococcal Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html" id="2031">Meningitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Meningococos, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad meningocócica en preadolescentes, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/meningococcal-disease-information-for-teens-and-college-students-.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/Meningococcal-Disease-Information-for-Teens-and-College-Students-.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones meningocócicas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/infecciones/las-infecciones-meningoc%C3%B3cicas/las-infecciones-meningoc%C3%B3cicas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis meningocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000608.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001349.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Waterhouse-Friderichsen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000609.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna antimeningocócica ACWY: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_meningococcal.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mening.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas antimeningocócicas" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-enfermedad-megingococica-meningitis-bacteriana/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/meningococcal-disease-bacterial-meningitis-vaccine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas de su hijo: Vacunas contra el meningococo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meningitis-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meningitis-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los músculos lo ayudan a moverse y forman parte del funcionamiento del cuerpo. Existen muchos problemas que pueden afectar a los músculos. Infórmese aquí." title="Enfermedades musculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades de los músculos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los músculos lo ayudan a moverse y forman parte del funcionamiento del cuerpo. Los distintos tipos de músculos tienen funciones diferentes. Existen muchos problemas que pueden afectar a los músculos. Las enfermedades musculares pueden causar debilidad, dolor o inclusive parálisis. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas causas conocidas son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lesiones o exceso de uso, como en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html"&gt;calambres&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendinitis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Genéticas, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;distrofia muscular&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html"&gt;Cáncer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Inflamación, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html"&gt;miositis&lt;/a&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html"&gt;nervios&lt;/a&gt; que afectan a los músculos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infecciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Algunas medicinas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunas ocasiones, no se conoce la causa de las enfermedades musculares. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510" language="English">Muscle Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html" id="2279">Calambre muscular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html" id="2044">Distrofia muscular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="2054">Enfermedades neuromusculares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html" id="2041">Esclerosis múltiple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fibromyalgia.html" id="1903">Fibromialgia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html" id="2045">Miastenia grave</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html" id="2248">Miositis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="2160">Sarcoma del tejido blando</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html" id="2249">Tendinitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html" id="2235">Torceduras y distensiones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039">Trastornos del movimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Miopatía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Musculares, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Atrofia muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003188.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de músculo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003924.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blefaroespasmo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000756.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en huesos, músculos y articulaciones por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios miopáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001220.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contractura de Volkmann" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001221.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creatina cinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/creatina-cinasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatine-kinase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados para los espasmos o la espasticidad muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000063.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Debilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003174.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003174.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deformidad por contractura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003185.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores musculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003178.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003929.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Danon" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12318/enfermedad-de-danon/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de aldolasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003566.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fasciculaciones musculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003296.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotonía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003298.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huesos, los músculos y las articulaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de toxina botulínica para espasmos musculares" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miotonía congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001424.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001424.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la función muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003190.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabdomiólisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000473.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios ortopédicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007455.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome compartimental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001224.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001224.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus músculos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/muscles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/muscles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas afectan  actividades que el cuerpo realiza, como el equilibrio, movimiento, hablar, respirar y funciones del corazón" title="Enfermedades neurodegenerativas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades degenerativas del sistema nervioso</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas afectan varias actividades que el cuerpo realiza, como el equilibrio, movimiento, hablar, respirar y funciones del corazón. Muchas de estas enfermedades son genéticas. Las causas pueden ser alcoholismo, un tumor o un ataque cerebrovascular (ACV). Otras causas incluyen toxinas, químicos y virus. Otras veces, las causas se desconocen.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas enfermedades neurodegenerativas son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/friedreichataxia.html"&gt;Ataxia de Friedreich&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Huntington&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html"&gt;Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html"&gt;Atrofia muscular espinal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas pueden ser serias o poner la vida en peligro. Depende del tipo. La mayoría de ellas no tiene cura. El tratamiento puede ayudar a mejorar los síntomas, aliviar el dolor y aumentar la movilidad. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619" language="English">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/friedreichataxia.html" id="4360">Ataxia de Friedreich</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html" id="1736">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1840">Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="2081">Enfermedad de Parkinson</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html" id="1785">Enfermedades del cerebro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="2084">Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="1739">Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html" id="2041">Esclerosis múltiple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="2096">Polio y síndrome de post-polio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rettsyndrome.html" id="4273">Síndrome de Rett</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3118">Trastornos cerebrales genéticos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Neurodegenerativas, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="4 descubrimientos más allá del cerebro" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/4-descubrimientos-mas-alla-del-cerebro" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-discoveries-beyond-the-brain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxias espinocerebelosas, incluida la enfermedad de Machado-Joseph" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-espinocerebelosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/machado-joseph-disease-and-spinocerebellar-ataxias-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia multisistémica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/atrofia-multisistemica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/multiple-system-atrophy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia multisistémica (tipo parkinsoniano)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000757.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia multisistémica tipo cerebelosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000758.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y el sistema nervioso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/brain-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/brain-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disautonomía familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001387.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción de los ganglios basales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001069.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Batten" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-batten" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/batten-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de las motoneuronas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedades-de-las-motoneuronas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kuru" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001379.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/leucoencefalopatia-multifocal-progresiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000674.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipofuscinosis neuronal ceroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001613.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parkinsonismo secundario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000759.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sistema nervioso controla las funciones del cuerpo. Infórmese qué sucede cuando algunas de las partes del sistema nervioso no funcionan. " title="Enfermedades neurológicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html" id="2053" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Déficits neurológicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cerebro, la médula espinal y los nervios conforman el sistema nervioso. En conjunto controlan todas las funciones del cuerpo. Cuando algo funciona mal en una parte del sistema nervioso, es posible que tenga dificultad para moverse, hablar, tragar, respirar o aprender. También puede haber problemas con la memoria, los sentidos o el estado de ánimo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen más de 600 enfermedades neurológicas. Los tipos más reconocidos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades causadas por genes defectuosos, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Huntington&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;distrofia muscular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el desarrollo del sistema nervioso, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html"&gt;espina bífida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades degenerativas&lt;/a&gt;, en las cuales las células nerviosas están dañadas o mueren, tales como las enfermedades de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;mal de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades de los vasos sanguíneos que abastecen el cerebro, tales como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrames cerebrales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;médula espinal&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;cerebro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos convulsivos, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer, tales como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html"&gt;tumores cerebrales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html" id="341" language="English">Neurologic Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="2081">Enfermedad de Parkinson</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vonhippellindaudisease.html" id="4362">Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcorddiseases.html" id="2163">Enfermedades de la médula espinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html" id="1785">Enfermedades del cerebro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="2084">Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="2054">Enfermedades neuromusculares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html" id="1888">Epilepsia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html" id="2031">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2730">Neuralgia del trigémino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="2121">Síndrome de dolor regional complejo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html" id="2201">Síndrome de Tourette</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039">Trastornos del movimiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4243">Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nervios, Enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Neurológicas, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>von Hippel-Lindau</see-reference>
<site title="Afección pseudobulbar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pseudobulbar-affect/symptoms-causes/syc-20353737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudobulbar-affect/symptoms-causes/syc-20353737?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain&amp;Life (revista)" url="https://www.brainandlife.org/the-magazine/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.brainandlife.org/the-magazine/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Neurología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencias neurológicas focales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003191.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003191.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalomielitis aguda diseminada" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/encefalomielitis-aguda-diseminada" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/s%C3%ADndromes-neurocut%C3%A1neos-en-ni%C3%B1os/enfermedad-de-von-hippel-lindau">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de las motoneuronas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedades-de-las-motoneuronas">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entumecimiento y hormigueo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003206.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen neurológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis flácida aguda: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis transversa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/mielitis-transversa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/transverse-myelitis-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurociencias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007456.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opistótonos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003195.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003195.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parestesia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/parestesia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#paresthesia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postura de decorticación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003300.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postura de descerebración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003299.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003299.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y procedimientos de diagnóstico neurológico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/pruebas-y-procedimientos-de-diagnostico-neurologico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/neurological-diagnostic-tests-and-procedures-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quistes aracnoideos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/quistes-aracnoideos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arachnoid-cysts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentidos mezclados: La sinestesia explicada" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentidos-mezclados" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/05/mingling-senses">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de von Hippel-Lindau" url="https://www.stjude.org/es/cuidado-tratamiento/enfermedades-que-tratamos/sindrome-de-von-hippel-lindau.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude</organization>
</site>
<site title="Velocidad de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003927.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las partes del sistema nervioso?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/neuro/informacion/partes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/parts">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un neurocirujano pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-neurosurgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Neurosurgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué hace el sistema nervioso?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/neuro/informacion/funciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/functions">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene problemas con el tacto?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiene-problemas-con-el-tacto" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/trouble-touch">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades neuromusculares afectan los nervios que controlan los músculos voluntarios. Infórmese sobre los diferentes tipos de enfermedades. " title="Enfermedades neuromusculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="2054" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades neuromusculares afectan su sistema neuromuscular. Estas pueden causar problemas en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los nervios que controlan sus músculos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus músculos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La comunicación entre sus nervios y sus músculos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estas enfermedades pueden causar debilidad y atrofia en sus músculos. También puede tener otros síntomas, como espasmos, contracciones y dolor muscular.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Algunos ejemplos de trastornos neuromusculares incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;Distrofia muscular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html"&gt;Miastenia grave&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html"&gt;Atrofia muscular espinal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Estas enfermedades pueden tener diferentes causas. Muchas son genéticas, lo que significa que son hereditarias (se presentan en familias, o son causadas por mutaciones en los genes. Algunas son enfermedades autoinmunes. En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas de las enfermedades neuromusculares no tienen cura. Pero los tratamientos pueden mejorar los síntomas, aumentar la movilidad y el lapso de vida.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="1518" language="English">Neuromuscular Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="2274">Atrofia muscular espinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html" id="2044">Distrofia muscular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="2084">Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043">Enfermedades musculares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html" id="2053">Enfermedades neurológicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html" id="2041">Esclerosis múltiple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html" id="2045">Miastenia grave</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="2121">Síndrome de dolor regional complejo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039">Trastornos del movimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Espasticidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Neuromuscular, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Apraxia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/apraxia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#apraxia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Apraxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007472.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003188.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003929.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de las motoneuronas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedades-de-las-motoneuronas">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis lateral primaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353968?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos en las manos o en los pies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003194.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasticidad" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/physical-needs/spasticity.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espasticidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003297.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fasciculaciones musculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003296.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperekplexia hereditaria" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12005/hiperekplexia-hereditaria/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miotonía congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001424.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001424.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparándose para emergencias: Lista de verificación para personas con enfermedades neuromusculares" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Emergency_Checklist_Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Emergencies_Checklist_P-527.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la función muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003190.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Isaacs" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-isaacs" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/isaacs-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome miasténico de Lambert-Eaton" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000710.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los parásitos son seres vivos que viven de otros seres vivos, como del cuerpo humano. Infórmese qué enfermedades causan y su tratamiento. " title="Enfermedades parasitarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades causadas por parásitos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los parásitos son seres vivos que viven de otros seres vivos, como del cuerpo humano, para alimentarse y tener un lugar donde vivir. Se pueden contraer por medio de los alimentos o el agua contaminada, la picadura de un insecto o por contacto sexual. Algunas enfermedades parasitarias son más fáciles de tratar que otras. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los  parásitos varían en tamaño desde muy pequeños, organismos unicelulares llamados protozoarios, hasta gusanos, que pueden observarse a simple vista. En los Estados Unidos existen algunas enfermedades parasitarias. El suministro de agua contaminada puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giardiainfections.html"&gt;infecciones por  Giardias&lt;/a&gt;. Los gatos pueden transmitir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;, peligrosa para las mujeres embarazadas. Otras, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html"&gt;malaria&lt;/a&gt;, son comunes en otras partes del mundo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si va a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html"&gt;viajar&lt;/a&gt;, es importante que beba solamente agua que usted sepa que es potable. La prevención es especialmente importante. No hay vacunas para las enfermedades parasitarias. Existen algunos medicamentos disponibles para el tratamiento de estas infecciones. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482" language="English">Parasitic Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="2236">Criptosporidiosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chagasdisease.html" id="3661">Enfermedad de Chagas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giardiainfections.html" id="1923">Infecciones por Giardia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leishmaniasis.html" id="3749">Leishmaniasis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html" id="2019">Malaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinworms.html" id="3066">Oxiuros</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html" id="1932">Piojos de la cabeza</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html" id="2135">Sarna</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html" id="2202">Toxoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html" id="4326">Tricomoniasis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Parasitarias, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Parásitos, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso hepático amebiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000211.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absorción de la D-xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca de la infección por Naegleria fowleri" url="https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/es/about/acerca-de-la-infeccion-por-naegleria-fowleri.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amebiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000298.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anquilostomosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000629.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascariasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000628.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascaridiasis (ascariasis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ascariasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ascariasis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Babesiosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/babesiosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/babesiosis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciclosporosis: Hoja informativa" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cyclosporiasis/resources/pdf/cyclosporiasis_general-public_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cisticercosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000627.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003759.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001362.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinococo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000676.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000676.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinococosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/equinococosis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esquistosomiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001321.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrongiloidiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000630.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de huevos y parásitos en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003756.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de aspirado de líquido duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003729.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de tejido del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003732.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003732.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Infórmate y protégete contra las bacterias, los virus y las infecciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones parasitarias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-parasitarias-introducci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-parasitarias">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección con tenia de los peces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001375.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección con tenias (Hymenolepsis)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001378.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por blastocystis hominis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/blastocystis-hominis-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351205?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/blastocystis-hominis-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351205?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por cyclospora (ciclosporiasis)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/cyclosporiasis/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por T. trichiura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001364.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Larva migratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001454.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Larva migratoria visceral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000633.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y parásitos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/mascotas-y-parasitos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pets-and-parasites/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos del cuerpo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000838.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de huevos y parásitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenia de la carne de cerdo o de res" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxocariasis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxocariasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxocariasis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triquinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000631.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000631.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué tengo que lavarme las manos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/wash-hands.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/wash-hands.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos del peritoneo son raros. Estos pueden ser: peritonitis, cáncer y complicaciones por diálisis peritoneal. Más aquí. " title="Enfermedades peritoneales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html" id="5584" language="Spanish" date-created="08/04/2010">
<also-called>Enfermedades del peritoneo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El peritoneo es el tejido que recubre la pared abdominal y cubre la mayor parte de los órganos en el abdomen. Un líquido, fluido peritoneal, lubrica la superficie de este tejido .&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos del peritoneo son raros. Estos pueden ser :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peritonitis: Una inflamación del peritoneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Complicaciones por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; peritoneal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su doctor puede usar test por imágenes o de laboratorio para analizar el fluido peritoneal para diagnosticar una enfermedad peritoneal. El tratamiento de los trastornos peritoneales dependerá de la causa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html" id="5583" language="English">Peritoneal Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html" id="3790">Diálisis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062">Dolor abdominal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Peritoneales, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis del líquido peritoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003626.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000286.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo del líquido peritoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003727.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003727.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración quirúrgica del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre mediterránea familiar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación retroperitoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001255.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia de las arterias mesentéricas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001156.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peritonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376247?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peritonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376247?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001335.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000648.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis secundaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000651.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puertos peritoneales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/PeritonealPort" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/PeritonealPort">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12871/sindrome-de-la-arteria-mesenterica-superior/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7712/superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una enfermedad rara es aquella que afecta a menos de 200.000 personas en los Estados Unidos. Hay cerca de 7.000 enfermedades raras. Generalidades." title="Enfermedades raras" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rarediseases.html" id="2119" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una enfermedad rara es aquella que afecta a menos de 200.000 personas en los Estados Unidos. Hay cerca de 7.000 enfermedades raras. Más de 25 millones de estadounidenses tienen una. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades raras:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pueden incluir enfermedades crónicas, discapacidad y a menudo muerte prematura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A menudo no tienen ningún tratamiento o no es muy eficaz&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Con frecuencia no se diagnostican correctamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A menudo son muy complejas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son causadas en forma frecuente por cambios en los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ser difícil encontrar un especialista que sepa cómo tratar su enfermedad rara. Grupos de apoyo de la enfermedad, organizaciones de enfermedades raras y clínicas de genética pueden ayudarle a encontrar uno.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rarediseases.html" id="519" language="English">Rare Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Centro de información para enfermedades genéticas y raras" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/acerca-de/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando hay investigación, hay esperanza" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/cuando-hay-investigacion-hay-esperanza" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/when-theres-research-theres-hope">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo enfrentar un trastorno infantil raro" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-enfrentar-un-trastorno-infantil-raro" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/weathering-a-rare-childhood-disorder">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Las genoterapias son un camino prometedor para el tratamiento de enfermedades raras" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/genoterapias-son-un-camino-prometedor-para-el-tratamiento-de-enfermedades-raras" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/gene-therapies-are-a-promising-path-to-treating-rare-diseases">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre las enfermedades raras" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/FAQ/Preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-las-enfermedades-raras" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Rare-Diseases">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El recto es la parte inferior del intestino grueso. Los problemas del recto son comunes. Incluyen hemorroides, abscesos, incontinencia y cáncer." title="Enfermedades rectales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rectaldisorders.html" id="5871" language="Spanish" date-created="08/29/2011">
<also-called>Enfermedades del recto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El recto es la parte inferior del intestino grueso, donde el organismo almacena la materia fecal. Los problemas del recto son comunes. Incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;hemorroides&lt;/a&gt;, abscesos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;incontinencia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
A muchas personas les avergüenza hablar acerca de problemas  rectales. Pero es importante consultar al médico acerca de ellos,  especialmente si le duele o tiene hemorragia. Los tratamientos varían dependiendo del problema en particular.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rectaldisorders.html" id="5870" language="English">Rectal Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831">Cáncer del colon y del recto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741">Enfermedades del ano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html" id="1859">Enfermedades del sistema digestivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html" id="5263">Evacuación de las heces</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html" id="1948">Hemorroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html" id="5317">Incontinencia fecal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Recto, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso anorrectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001519.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopia y anoscopia de alta resolución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003891.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003891.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis estreptocócica perianal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001346.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003759.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender el sangrado rectal leve" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-el-sangrado-rectal-leve" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-minor-rectal-bleeding">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra: Cómo aumentar la cantidad de fibra en su dieta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Objetos extraños en el recto" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-anales-y-rectales/objetos-extra%C3%B1os-en-el-recto" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/foreign-objects-in-the-rectum">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001139.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001132.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso vaginal posterior (rectocele)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20353414?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20353414?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos colorrectales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000266.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos del colon y el recto" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polipos-del-colon-y-el-recto" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polyps-of-the-colon-and-rectum">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recto y ano" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/biolog%C3%ADa-del-aparato-digestivo/recto-y-ano" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/overview-of-the-anus-and-rectum">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de prolapso rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002932.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de prolapso rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100037_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100037_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007741.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado rectal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050740?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de úlcera rectal solitaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del elevador del ano" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-anales-y-rectales/s%C3%ADndrome-del-elevador-del-ano" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/levator-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tacto rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bacterias, parásitos y virus pueden contaminar lo que comemos. Infórmese sobre los síntomas y tratamientos de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos." title="Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Contaminación de los alimentos</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades de transmisión alimentaria</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos contaminados</also-called>
<also-called>Eta</also-called>
<also-called>Intoxicación alimentaria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada año, unas 48 millones de personas en los Estados Unidos se enferman por consumir alimentos contaminados. Las causas comunes incluyen bacterias y virus. Con menos frecuencia, la causa puede ser un parásito o un químico dañino, como una gran cantidad de pesticidas. Los síntomas de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos dependen de la causa. Pueden ser leves o severas. Por lo general incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Malestar estomacal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cólicos abdominales  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;Deshidratación&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos son agudas. Esto significa que ocurren de repente y duran poco tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se requieren varios pasos para llevar la comida de la granja o pesquería a su mesa. La contaminación puede ocurrir durante cualquiera de estos pasos. Por ejemplo, puede sucederle a:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Carne cruda mientras matan al animal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frutas y verduras mientras crecen o se procesan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alimentos refrigerados cuando se dejan en un muelle de carga cuando hace calor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero también puede ocurrir en la cocina, si deja los alimentos a temperatura ambiente más de dos horas. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;Manipular los alimentos con cuidado&lt;/a&gt;  puede prevenir estas enfermedades. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos mejoran por sí mismas. Es importante reemplazar los líquidos y electrolitos perdidos para prevenir la deshidratación. Si su proveedor de atención médica puede diagnosticar la causa específica, los medicamentos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; pueden tratarla. Para una enfermedad más grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un hospital.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254" language="English">Foodborne Illness</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html" id="1867">Agua potable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html" id="1783">Botulismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6047">Infecciones por campylobacter</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html" id="1874">Infecciones por Escherichia coli</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/listeriainfections.html" id="2007">Infecciones por Listeria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html" id="2133">Infecciones por salmonela</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910">Seguridad con los alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alimentos, Contaminación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Contaminación de los alimentos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Yersinia</see-reference>
<site title="Amebiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000298.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterias y virus" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/intoxicaci%C3%B3n-alimentaria-mfkt/bacterias-y-virus">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coprocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envenenamiento por hongos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/envenenamiento-por-hongos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001150.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por shigella" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shigella.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shigella.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por Vibrio vulnificus" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-vibrio-vulnificus/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación alimentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001652.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación alimentaria" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/intoxicacion-alimentaria-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/food-poisoning.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación alimentaria: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/food-poisoning/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356236?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con pescados y mariscos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002851.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por alimentos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/intoxicacion-alimentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por alimentos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/food-poisoning.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de materia fecal: Cultivo bacteriano" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-bac-culture.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas en riesgo: Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mgac/personas-con-el-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado" language-mapped-url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/people-with-weakened-immune-systems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pollo y las intoxicaciones alimentarias" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/es/foods/el-pollo-y-la-intoxicacion-alimentaria.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregúntele a Karen" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/contact-us/preguntele-a-karen">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la intoxicación alimentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001981.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de huevos y parásitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con los alimentos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con los huevos" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/seguridad-con-los-huevos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shigelosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000295.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003757.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triquinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000631.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000631.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yersiniosis" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/yersiniosis/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El enfisema es un tipo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Hace que sea difícil recuperar el aliento y puede ocasionar tos crónica. Síntomas." title="Enfisema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html" id="3624" language="Spanish" date-created="11/04/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El enfisema es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica&lt;/a&gt; (EPOC). La EPOC es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. El otro tipo principal de EPOC es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;bronquitis crónica&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero su gravedad puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El enfisema afecta los alvéolos pulmonares. Normalmente, estos saquitos son elásticos o se estiran. Cuando inhala, cada saquito se llena de aire como un globo pequeño. Al exhalar, los saquitos se desinflan al salir el aire.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En el enfisema, las paredes entre muchos de estos saquitos en los pulmones están dañados. Esto hace que los alvéolos pierdan su forma y se vuelvan flácidos. El daño también puede destruir las paredes de los saquitos de aire, lo que lleva a tener menos saquitos, pero más grandes, en lugar de muchos pequeños. Esto hace que sea más difícil para sus pulmones inhalar oxígeno y exhalar dióxido de carbono.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La causa del enfisema suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;humo del cigarrillo&lt;/a&gt; es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar enfisema, especialmente si se inhala.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al enfisema. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt; y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html"&gt;deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina&lt;/a&gt; puede tener un rol en causar enfisema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo para el enfisema incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fumar&lt;/strong&gt;: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen enfisema fuman o solían fumar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: La mayoría de las personas que tienen enfisema tienen al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores que tienen enfisema tienen más probabilidades de tenerlo si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; frecuente o sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tos que produce mucha mucosidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sensación de presión en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con enfisema contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriados &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. En casos severos, el enfisema puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;hinchazón &lt;/a&gt; en los tobillos, pies o piernas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus antecedentes familiares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otras pruebas de laboratorio, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; , una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía &lt;/a&gt;  o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; de tórax y análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su médico diagnosticará EPOC según sus signos y síntomas, sus antecedentes médicos y familiares; y los resultados de sus pruebas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para el enfisema, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si es fumador, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar el enfisema&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pídale a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; para reducir la inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vacunas contra la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con enfisema tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antibióticos si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxígeno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Se usa si tiene enfisema severo y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;Rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un programa de ejercicios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entrenamiento en manejo de enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asesoramiento nutricional&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Consejería psicológica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt;: En general se utiliza como último recurso para personas que tienen síntomas graves que no han mejorado con medicamentos. Hay cirugías para:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eliminar el tejido pulmonar dañado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eliminar los espacios aéreos grandes (ampollas) que pueden formarse cuando se destruyen los saquitos aéreos. Estas ampollas pueden interferir con la respiración&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Someterse a un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;: Esto podría ser una opción si tiene enfisema muy severo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene enfisema, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el enfisema?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de enfisema, la mejor manera de prevenirlo es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html" id="3623" language="English">Emphysema</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1790">Bronquitis crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html" id="1836">Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" id="5335">Terapia con oxígeno</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo respirar cuando le falta el aliento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfisema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/emphysema/symptoms-causes/syc-20355555?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfisema: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/emphysema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355561?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spirometry.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003715.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de difusión pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de alfa-1 antitripsina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alfa-1-antitripsina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-1-antitrypsin-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones hiperinsuflados: ¿Qué significa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/emphysema/expert-answers/hyperinflated-lungs/faq-20058169?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/emphysema/expert-answers/hyperinflated-lungs/FAQ-20058169?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con el oxígeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con oxígeno: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de pulmón: Descripción general" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar con problemas respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sin importar qué tan bien se prepare, usted puede sentirse aturdido o sin sensibilidad después de sobrevivir a un desastre natural o causado por el hombre." title="Enfrentarse con desastres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3798" language="Spanish" date-created="03/19/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sin importar qué tan bien se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;prepare&lt;/a&gt;, usted puede sentirse aturdido o sin sensibilidad después de sobrevivir a un desastre. También puede sentirse triste, impotente o ansioso. A pesar de la tragedia, usted simplemente puede sentirse feliz de estar vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No es inusual tener malos recuerdos o pesadillas. Usted puede querer evitar lugares o personas que le recuerden el desastre. Es posible que tenga problemas para dormir, comer o prestar atención. Muchas personas tienen mal genio y se enojan en forma fácil. Estas son todas reacciones normales al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A veces el estrés puede ser muy difícil de controlar. Algunas personas tienen problemas a largo plazo después de un desastre, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;Trastorno de estrés postraumático&lt;/a&gt;	 &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Sentimientos de culpa  &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Pensamientos suicidas &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Uso indebido de drogas o alcohol&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si sus reacciones emocionales están dificultando sus relaciones, el trabajo u otras actividades importantes, hable con un consejero o con su profesional de la salud. Existen tratamientos disponibles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3797" language="English">Coping with Disasters</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Desastres, Enfrentarse a</see-reference>
<site title="Ansiedad relacionada con las inundaciones" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/ansiedad-inundaciones?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para lidiar con medidas de precaución durante un brote de una enfermedad contagiosa: Distanciamiento social, cuarentena y aislamiento" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4894spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/PEP20-01-01-007_2.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se habla a los niños acerca del terrorismo y la guerra" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Cuando-se-Habla-a-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Acerca-del-Terrorismo-y-la-Guerra-087.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Talking_To_Children_About_Terrorism_And_War_87.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a los niños y adolescentes a superar los acontecimientos catastróficos y otras experiencias traumáticas" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar su angustia después de una tragedia provocada por armas de fuego" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/gun-violence-crime/tiroteo?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo sobrellevar los desastres o eventos traumáticos" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/coping/index.asp" language-mapped-url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/coping/index.asp">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejando el estrés traumático: Consejos para recuperarse después de un desastre u otro acontecimiento traumático" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/consejos-desastres?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes después de un trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria en una catástrofe o una emergencia" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/seguridad-de-los-alimentos-mge4/seguridad-alimentaria-en-cat%C3%A1strofe-o-emergencia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sufrimiento continúa después de la hospitalización por heridas con armas de fuego" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/news/paginas/children-hospitalized-from-firearm-injuries-the-suffering-continues-after-the-gun-shot.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/News/Pages/Children-Hospitalized-From-Firearm-Injuries-The-Suffering-Continues-After-the-Gun-Shot.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sugerencias para hablar con niños y jóvenes y ayudarlos a hacer frente después de un desastre o un evento traumático" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4732spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma12-4732.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Ha sido usted o un miembro de su familia afectado por un catastrofe natural o causado por un ser humano?" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Enlarged prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a common problem in men over 50. Learn about the symptoms and treatments." title="Enlarged Prostate (BPH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html" id="6196" language="English" date-created="06/03/2014">
<also-called>benign prostatic hyperplasia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the prostate?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What is an enlarged prostate (BPH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An enlarged prostate is when your prostate gland becomes larger than normal. It's also called &lt;strong&gt;benign prostatic hyperplasia&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;BPH&lt;/strong&gt; for short. Benign means not cancer. And hyperplasia means too much cell growth. BPH isn't cancer and it doesn't increase your risk of getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html"&gt;prostate cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usually, the prostate gland continues to grow during adult life. That's why BPH is the most common prostate condition in people over age 50. As the prostate gets bigger, it may press against the bladder and pinch the urethra. This can slow or block the flow of urine out of your bladder.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time, the bladder muscle may become weak from trying to pass urine through a narrow urethra.  When this happens, your bladder may not empty completely when you urinate. A narrowed urethra and weak bladder cause many of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html"&gt;urinary problems&lt;/a&gt; you may have with BPH.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes an enlarged prostate (BPH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers aren't sure why the prostate keeps growing. Some researchers think changes in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt; with aging may cause the prostate to get bigger.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop BPH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You're more likely to develop BPH if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are age 40 or older. The chance of getting BPH increases as you get older.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have family members who have had BPH.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain health conditions such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;problems with blood circulation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Erectile dysfunction&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Don't get enough physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of BPH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of BPH include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html"&gt;Having a frequent or urgent need to urinate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Waking up many times to urinate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having problems with urine flow, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Trouble starting to urinate&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A stream that's weak, slow, or stops and starts&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Dribbling after urination&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Urinary incontinence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Feeling that you can't completely empty your bladder&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain after ejaculation or during urination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urine with an unusual color or smell&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's important to see your health care provider if you have any of these symptoms because they could be from a more serious health problem.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You should &lt;strong&gt;get medical help right away&lt;/strong&gt; if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can't urinate at all&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt; and chills with urination that's painful, frequent, and urgent&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/"&gt;blood in your urine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have pain in your lower abdomen (belly) and urinary tract&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can BPH cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For most people, BPH doesn't cause other problems. But BPH increases your chance of developing serious conditions, including:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute urinary retention.&lt;/strong&gt; With this condition, you suddenly can't urinate at all. This a &lt;strong&gt;medical emergency&lt;/strong&gt;.  Acute urinary retention is common in older males and the chance of having it increases with age. It may be triggered by:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Taking certain over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;cold or allergy medicines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;Drinking alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cold temperatures&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Not moving enough over a long period of time&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="urinarytractinfections.html" tid="448"&gt;Urinary tract infections (UTIs)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bladder damage and bladder stones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney damage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is BPH diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have BPH, your provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your medical history.&lt;/strong&gt; Be sure to tell your provider about all the medicines you take, because certain medicines can make BPH symptoms worse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your family&lt;/strong&gt; health history.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examine you.&lt;/strong&gt; The exam may include a digital rectal exam (DRE) of your prostate. In a DRE, your provider inserts a gloved finger into your rectum to check if your prostate is large, tender, or irregular in any other way.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Order medical tests, if needed&lt;/strong&gt;, such as:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Urine tests.&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/"&gt;PSA blood test&lt;/a&gt; (prostate-specific antigen test).&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Urodynamic testing to see how well you can hold and release urine.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Cystoscopy to look inside your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html"&gt;urethra&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;bladder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;Ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; pictures of your prostate and urinary tract.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A prostate &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; to diagnose or rule out prostate cancer.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for BPH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not everyone needs treatment for BPH. Treatment options depend on how much your symptoms bother you, your health, age, and the size of your prostate:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/strong&gt; may improve mild symptoms. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Drinking less before bedtime or going out&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Avoiding or cutting back on beverages with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt; and alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Bladder training and exercising the muscles that control urine flow&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Preventing or treating &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; can help mild to moderate symptoms by:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Stopping the prostate from growing&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Shrinking the prostate&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Relaxing muscles to improve urine flow&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Sometimes combining 2 types of medicine helps more than taking just one type of medicine.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medical procedures&lt;/strong&gt; can help improve moderate to severe BPH symptoms when medicines don't help enough. There are several different types of procedures. They all use an instrument inserted into the urethra to either:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Widen the urethra&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Destroy part of the prostate with heat&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; may be helpful when symptoms are severe, other treatments haven't helped, or you have another problem, such as bladder damage. Different types of surgery are used to:&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;		
		&lt;li&gt;Remove part or all of the prostate&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Make cuts in the prostate to take pressure off the urethra&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Most BPH surgery is done with tools inserted into the urethra.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider can explain the possible benefits and side effects of your treatment options so you can decide what's best for you.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Can BPH be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers haven't found ways to prevent BPH. You can take care of your prostate health by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;Talking with your provider&lt;/a&gt; about your risk for developing an enlarged prostate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html"&gt;regular checkups&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paying attention to your symptoms so you can get treatment early if you see signs of BPH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html" id="6197" language="Spanish">Agrandamiento de la próstata</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011470">Prostatic Hyperplasia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html" id="322">Men's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21">Older Adult Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html" id="112">Prostate Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html" id="7">Prostate Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>BPH</see-reference>
<see-reference>Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy</see-reference>
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20370087?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prostatic Hyperplasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prostatic+Hyperplasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digital rectal exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Enlarged prostate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000381.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Enlarged prostate - after care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000398.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged prostate - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000304.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged prostate gland" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000050.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Frequent or urgent urination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mr_prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mr_prostate">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate resection - minimally invasive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007415.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Prostate resection - minimally invasive - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000299.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000299.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Prostate Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/prostate">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<site title="Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/hoja-informativa-psa">
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<site title="Enlarged Prostate (BPH)" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prostatic+Hyperplasia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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</site>
<site title="RBC urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Saw Palmetto" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/saw-palmetto">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Simple prostatectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007416.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transurethral resection of the prostate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002996.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002996.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100047_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100047_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Transurethral resection of the prostate - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000300.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Prostate" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-prostate">
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</site>
<site title="Understanding Prostate Changes: A Health Guide for Men" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los deportes pueden ser una excelente manera de mejorar su condición física y mantenerse en forma. Infórmese." title="Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html" id="2168" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los deportes pueden ser una excelente manera de mejorar su condición física y mantenerse en forma. Tener una meta específica puede ser un gran motivador.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Físicamente, necesita fortaleza y resistencia. El entrenamiento varía según el deporte. Este no es el mismo para el salto con pértiga o la natación. Sin embargo, usted puede combinar los ejercicios. Eso significa simplemente incluir una variedad de actividad física en su rutina. Las investigaciones demuestran que la combinación de ejercicios fortalece los huesos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recuerde escuchar a su cuerpo. Si se siente cansado a menudo o siente dolor, es posible que está haciendo demasiado. Eso puede resultar en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones&lt;/a&gt;. Asegúrese de usar el cuerpo y su equipo en forma &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html"&gt;segura&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También es importante lo que come y bebe. El agua es el nutriente más importante para la gente activa. Bébala antes, durante y después de ejercitarse.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415" language="English">Sports Fitness</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3013">Ejercicio para niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1891">Ejercicio para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="1892">Ejercicio y estado físico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html" id="1740">Esteroides anabólicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html" id="2169">Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html" id="2276">Seguridad en los deportes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Condición fisica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Deportes, Entrenamiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ejercicio, Entrenamiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Práctica de deportes, Entrenamiento</see-reference>
<site title="Actividad física para los niños a los que no les gustan los deportes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hate-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hate-sports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carrera de 5 Km: programa de entrenamiento de 7 semanas para principiantes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/5k-run/art-20050962?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/5k-run/art-20050962?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo alimentar a un joven deportista" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed-child-athlete.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed-child-athlete.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo competir en los deportes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pressure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pressure.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento con pesas: Lo que se debe hacer y lo que no se debe hacer para lograr una técnica adecuada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estiramiento: Céntrate en la flexibilidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes físicos deportivos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sports-physicals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sports-physicals.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gestionar el estrés en el deporte" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sports-pressure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sports-pressure.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía de alimentación para deportistas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eatnrun.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eatnrun.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para mejorar el rendimiento: Conoce los riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medidas de seguridad para el entrenamiento con pesas y el levantamiento de pesas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-weight-training-and-weight-lifting-safety/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/sports/198.printerview.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición y desempeño atlético" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002458.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triada de la atleta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/triad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/triad.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tríada de la atleta femenina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/triada-de-la-mujer-deportista-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/female-athlete-triad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuán en forma estás? Averigua tu estado físico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué es tan bueno el ejercicio físico?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/exercise-wise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/exercise-wise.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A medida que envejece, aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. Un estilo de vida saludable y manejar las enfermedades crónicas pueden ayudarle a vivir de forma más independiente en el futuro" title="Envejecer saludablemente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html" id="5705" language="Spanish" date-created="12/02/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las personas en los Estados Unidos están viviendo más tiempo y el número de adultos mayores en la población está creciendo. A medida que envejecemos, nuestras mentes y cuerpos cambian. Tener un estilo de vida saludable puede ayudarle a lidiar con estos cambios. También puede prevenir algunos problemas de salud y ayudarle a aprovechar al máximo su vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un estilo de vida saludable para adultos mayores incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;Alimentación saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: A medida que envejece, sus necesidades nutricionales pueden cambiar. Es posible que necesite menos calorías, pero aún necesita obtener suficientes nutrientes. Un plan de alimentación saludable incluye:&lt;/li&gt;
 

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer alimentos que le entreguen muchos nutrientes sin muchas calorías adicionales. Esto incluye frutas y verduras, granos integrales, carnes magras, lácteos bajos en grasa, nueces y semillas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar calorías vacías, como alimentos como papas fritas, dulces, productos horneados, refrescos y alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer alimentos bajos en colesterol y grasas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber suficientes líquidos, para que no se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidrate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html"&gt;Hacer actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Estar físicamente activo puede ayudarle a mantener un peso saludable y evitar problemas crónicos de salud. Si no ha estado activo, puede comenzar lentamente y alcanzar su objetivo. La cantidad de ejercicio que necesita depende de su edad y estado de salud. Consulte con su profesional de la salud sobre lo que es adecuado para usted&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Mantener un peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Tener sobrepeso o bajo peso puede provocar problemas de salud. Pregúntele a su profesional de la salud qué se considera un peso saludable para usted. La alimentación saludable y el ejercicio pueden ayudarle a alcanzarlo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantener una mente activa&lt;/strong&gt;: Muchas actividades pueden mantener su mente activa y mejorar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html"&gt;memoria&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo el aprendizaje de nuevas habilidades, la lectura y los juegos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Darle prioridad a su salud mental&lt;/strong&gt;: Busque &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;mejorar su salud mental&lt;/a&gt; al practicar meditación, técnicas de relajación o ser agradecido. Conozca las señales de alerta de algún problema y busque ayuda si presenta dificultades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participar en actividades que disfrute&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas que participan en pasatiempos y actividades sociales y de ocio pueden tener un riesgo menor de tener algunos problemas de salud. Hacer cosas que disfrute puede ayudarle a sentirse más feliz y mejorar sus habilidades de pensamiento&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Desempeñar un papel activo en su atención médica&lt;/strong&gt;: Asegúrese de hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html"&gt;chequeos regulares&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;exámenes de salud&lt;/a&gt; que necesita. Debe saber qué medicamentos está tomando, por qué los necesita y cómo tomarlos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;adecuadamente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No fumar&lt;/strong&gt;: Si es fumador, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; es una de las cosas más importantes que puede hacer por su salud. Puede reducir el riesgo de varios tipos diferentes de cáncer, ciertas enfermedades pulmonares y enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Los adultos mayores tienen un mayor riesgo de caerse. También tienen más probabilidades de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturarse &lt;/a&gt; (romperse) un hueso cuando se caen. Realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html"&gt;chequeos oculares&lt;/a&gt; regulares, hacer actividad física regularmente y hacer que su casa sea más segura puede reducir su riesgo de caerse
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Seguir estas sugerencias puede ayudarle a mantenerse saludable a medida que envejece. Incluso si nunca lo ha hecho antes, nunca es demasiado tarde para comenzar a cuidar su salud. Si tiene preguntas sobre estos cambios en el estilo de vida o necesita ayuda para descubrir cómo hacerlos, consulte a su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyaging.html" id="5704" language="English">Healthy Aging</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1891">Ejercicio para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="2247">Nutrición para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142">Salud de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<site title="Algunas maneras divertidas para que los adultos mayores se mantengan físicamente activos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/algunas-maneras-divertidas-adultos-mayores-se-mantengan-fisicamente-activos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/fun-ways-older-adults-stay-physically-active">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento saludable" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/blog/category/healthy-aging" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/blog/category/healthy-aging">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 65 años en adelante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007466.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para mujeres de 65 años en adelante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007463.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes médicos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/hombre50.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://archive.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/men-over-50.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos saludables a partir de los 60 años de edad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/habitos-saludables-partir-de-los-60-anos-de-edad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/seniors/staying-healthy/good-health-habits-at-age-60-and-beyond.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantener la salud cognitiva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/women50sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/women-over-50.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición para personas mayores: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforseniors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforseniors.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protege tu salud a medida que envejeces" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/actividad-fisica/protege-tu-salud-medida-envejeces" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/physical-activity/protect-your-health-you-grow-older">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de memoria: Siete consejos para mejorar la memoria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para los adultos mayores" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-older-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vivir largo tiempo, estar bien. Consejos para el envejecimiento saludable, basados en la ciencia." url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/vivir-largo-tiempo-estar-bien" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/live-long-be-well-science-based-tips-for-healthy-aging">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede alargar su vida?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-puede-alargar-su-vida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/06/can-you-lengthen-your-life">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La piel cambia a medida que envejecemos. Aparecen arrugas y manchas y, a veces, no es sólo una cuestión de belleza. Infórmese qué funciona y qué no." title="Envejecimiento de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html" id="3776" language="Spanish" date-created="02/13/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La piel cambia a medida que usted envejece. Es posible que observe arrugas, manchas por la edad y resequedad. La piel también se hace más delgada y pierde grasa, tornándose menos suave y lisa. También puede tardar más en curarse. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;luz solar&lt;/a&gt; es una causa importante del envejecimiento de la piel. Usted puede protegerse si permanece alejado del sol en los horarios cuando está más fuerte, utiliza protector solar con un factor de protección (SPF) de 15 o más, usa ropa protectora y evita las lámparas y las camas solares. Fumar cigarrillos también contribuye a tener arrugas. Las arrugas aumentan con la cantidad de cigarrillos y el número de años que una persona fuma.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos productos anuncian revitalizar la piel o disminuir las arrugas, pero la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA) aprobó sólo unos pocos de estos para las pieles dañadas por el sol o el envejecimiento. Existen varios tratamientos para humectar la piel seca y reducir la apariencia de las manchas por la edad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html" id="3775" language="English">Skin Aging</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html" id="3016">Botox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html" id="2179">Exposición al sol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arrugas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Piel, Envejecimiento</see-reference>
<site title="Arrugas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003252.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blefaroplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100183_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100183_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bolsas debajo de los ojos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bags-under-eyes/symptoms-causes/syc-20369927?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bags-under-eyes/symptoms-causes/syc-20369927?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la piel por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004014.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de párpados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002977.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía estética facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100186_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100186_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cremas antiarrugas: Guía para tener una piel de apariencia más joven" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wrinkles/in-depth/wrinkle-creams/art-20047463?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrinkles/in-depth/wrinkle-creams/ART-20047463?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la piel y el envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/piel/cuidado-piel-envejecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/skin-care/skin-care-and-aging">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estiramiento de la frente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002990.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002990.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estiramiento de la piel de la frente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100020_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100020_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estiramiento facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002989.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002989.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exfoliación química" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chemical-peel/about/pac-20393473?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chemical-peel/about/pac-20393473?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manchas cutáneas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001141.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rellenos dérmicos (para los tejidos blandos)" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/aesthetic-cosmetic-devices/rellenos-dermicos-rellenos-de-tejidos-blandos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/aesthetic-cosmetic-devices/dermal-fillers-soft-tissue-fillers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un veneno o toxina es cualquier sustancia peligrosa para el cuerpo. Infórmese cuáles son y cómo prevenir y tratar un envenenamiento aquí." title="Envenenamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html" id="2095" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Intoxicación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un veneno o toxina es cualquier sustancia peligrosa para el cuerpo. Es posible tragarlo, inhalarlo, inyectarlo o absorberlo a través de la piel. Cualquier sustancia puede ser un veneno si se ingiere demasiado de ella. Entre los venenos se encuentran:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicinas a la venta con y sin receta médica en dosis demasiado altas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sobredosis de drogas ilegales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;Monóxido de carbono&lt;/a&gt; de quemadores de gas en el hogar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html"&gt;Productos de uso en el hogar&lt;/a&gt;, tales como el jabón en polvo para lavar la ropa o lustre para muebles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;Pesticidas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Plantas para interiores y exteriores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Metales como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;plomo&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html"&gt;mercurio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los efectos del envenenamiento o la intoxicación varían de enfermedades de corta duración hasta lesión cerebral, coma y muerte. Para prevenir los envenenamientos es importante usar y guardar los productos exactamente como lo indican las etiquetas. Mantenga los productos alejados del alcance de los niños. El tratamiento de un envenenamiento depende del tipo de veneno. Si sospecha que alguien ha sido envenenado llame al centro de control de envenenamientos local al 1-800-222-1222 de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html" id="364" language="English">Poisoning</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html" id="1756">Arsénico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html" id="1758">Asbesto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="1797">Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html" id="2000">Envenenamiento con plomo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html" id="1963">Envenenamiento con productos del hogar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html" id="2035">Mercurio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html" id="2085">Pesticidas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intoxicación</see-reference>
<site title="Comer tierra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002840.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de prevención" url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/es/recursos/consejos-prevencion" language-mapped-url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/what-you-can-do/prevention-tips">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para la prevención y el tratamiento de envenenamientos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/paginas/poison-prevention.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/Pages/Poison-Prevention.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivados de la hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003371.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un centro de información toxicológica" url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/es/centros-de-informacion-toxicologica/encontrar-centro" language-mapped-url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/poison-centers/find-poison-center">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envenenamiento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/envenenamiento-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/poisoning/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envenenamiento con etilenglicol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000774.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000774.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envenenamiento por hongos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/envenenamiento-por-hongos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de etilenglicol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003564.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de metanol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003563.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen toxicológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003578.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición a la flor de pascua" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002885.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000718.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con adelfa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002884.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con ambientadores y limpiadores de inodoros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002743.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con amoníaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002759.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con arisema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002870.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con destapadores de drenajes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002780.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con detergentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002777.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con dieffenbachia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002866.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con digital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002878.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con dulcámara" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002888.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con el cerezo de Jerusalén" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002871.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con estramonio o chamico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002881.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con etanol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002644.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con filodendro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002872.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con gasolina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002806.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con hierba carmín" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002874.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con hierba mora" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002887.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002887.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con hojas de ruibarbo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002876.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con la planta caladio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002863.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con limpiadores de drenajes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002779.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con limpiahornos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002800.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002800.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con lirio de los valles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002882.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con los brotes y tubérculos verdes de la papa (patata)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002875.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con líquido para encendedores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002833.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con malatión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002834.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002834.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con muérdago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002883.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002883.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con nicotina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002510.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con paradiclorobenceno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002902.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con paraquat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001085.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con querosén" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002807.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con repelentes de insectos en aerosol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002763.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con tejo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002877.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con tetrahidrozolina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002590.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con yodo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002658.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con zinc" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002570.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por alcohol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por cobre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002496.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por oreja de elefante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002867.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación: primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/art-20056657?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/ART-20056657?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las intoxicaciones o envenenamientos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/intoxicaciones-o-envenenamientos/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-intoxicaciones-o-envenenamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/overview-of-poisoning">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lirio de agua" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002864.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lista para la prevención del envenenamiento por pesticidas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-checklist.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía por hidrocarburos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001083.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga el envenenamiento en su hogar" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/prevenga-los-envenenamientos-en-su-hogar">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en casos de envenenamiento o intoxicación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007579.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en casa: Cómo prevenir las intoxicaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-poisoning.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-poisoning.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de aceite de ricino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002768.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Succión gástrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003882.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El monóxido de carbono (CO) es un gas sin olor ni color pero muy peligroso. Puede causar malestar muy rápido y la muerte. Prevención y síntomas." title="Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="1797" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Inhalación de monóxido de carbono</also-called>
<also-called>Intoxicación con monóxido de carbono</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El monóxido de carbono (CO) es un gas sin olor ni color pero muy peligroso. Puede causar súbitamente una enfermedad y la muerte. El CO se encuentra en el humo de la combustión, como lo es el expulsado por automóviles y camiones, candelabros, estufas, fogones de gas y sistemas de calefacción. El CO proveniente de estos humos puede acumularse en lugares que no tienen una buena circulación de aire fresco. Una persona puede envenenarse al respirarlos. Los síntomas más comunes de envenenamiento por CO son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mareos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Debilidad &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Náusea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor en el pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Confusión &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Suele ser difícil decir si alguien está envenenado con CO, ya que los síntomas pueden parecerse a los de otras enfermedades. Las personas que están dormidas o intoxicadas pueden morir de envenenamiento por CO antes de presentar síntomas. Un detector de CO puede advertirle si tiene altos niveles de CO en su hogar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="177" language="English">Carbon Monoxide Poisoning</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono</see-reference>
<see-reference>Monóxido de carbono, Envenenamiento</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando encienda un calentador, asegúrese de que no emane gas tóxico" url="https://www.cdc.gov/carbon-monoxide/media/pdfs/CO_Furnace_Safety_Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/carbon-monoxide/media/pdfs/Furnace.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo proteger a su familia del envenenamiento por monóxido de carbono" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/paginas/how-to-prevent-carbon-monoxide-poisoning.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/Pages/How-to-Prevent-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivados de la hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003371.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impacto del monóxido de carbono en la calidad del aire de los interiores" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/impacto-del-monoxido-de-carbono-en-la-calidad-del-aire-de-los-interiores" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/carbon-monoxides-impact-indoor-air-quality">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con monóxido de carbono" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002804.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monóxido de carbono" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/monoxido-de-carbono">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monóxido de carbono y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/monoxido-de-carbono/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de intoxicación por monóxido de carbono (CO)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/envenenamientoco/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/features/copoisoning/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tormentas invernales hacen que los consumidores recurran a calefacción suplementaria" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/es/Newsroom/News-Releases/2007/Winter-Storms-Causing-Consumers-to-Reach-for-Supplemental-HeatingCPSC-Warns-of-Deadly-Fire-and-CO-Dangers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión  de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El plomo se puede encontrar en todas partes del medio ambiente. Averigüe dónde podría al plomo encontrarse en su casa y si usted puede estar expuesto." title="Envenenamiento con plomo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html" id="2000" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Saturnismo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El plomo es un metal que se encuentra en forma natural en la corteza terrestre. Se puede encontrar en todas partes del medio ambiente. Gran parte de él proviene de actividades humanas como la minería y la industria. El plomo solía estar presente en la pintura. Las casas antiguas aun pueden estar pintadas con pintura que contiene plomo. Usted puede estar expuesto al plomo al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer alimentos o agua contaminados con plomo. Las tuberías de agua en casas antiguas pueden contener plomo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trabajar en una labor donde se utiliza plomo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un pasatiempo en el cual se use plomo, como hacer vitrales o cerámica vidriada con plomo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar remedios caseros, tales como hierbas o alimentos que contengan plomo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Respirar aire, tomar agua potable, comer alimentos o tragar o tocar cosas contaminadas con plomo puede causar muchos problemas de salud. El plomo puede afectar a casi todos los órganos y sistemas del cuerpo. En adultos, el plomo puede aumentar la presión arterial y causar infertilidad, trastornos nerviosos y dolores en los músculos y en las articulaciones. También le puede hacer sentir irritable y afectar su capacidad para concentrarse y recordar.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El plomo es especialmente peligroso para los niños. Un niño que ingiera grandes cantidades de plomo puede desarrollar anemia, dolor de estómago severo, debilidad muscular y daño cerebral. Incluso en niveles bajos, el plomo puede afectar el crecimiento físico y mental de un niño. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html" id="608" language="English">Lead Poisoning</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Intoxicación por plomo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Plomo, Envenenamiento por</see-reference>
<see-reference>exposición al plomo</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Plomo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-lead.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Combata el envenenamiento con plomo con una dieta saludable" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/P10004FJ.PDF">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consideraciones nutricionales del plomo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002428.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminación de toxinas en el hogar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/peligros-ocultos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/hidden-hazards">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Envenenamiento por plomo en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/envenenamiento-por-plomo-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evitar exponerse al plomo durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lead.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al plomo: Medidas para proteger a su familia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/paginas/lead-screening-for-children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición ocupacional al plomo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/exposicion-al-plomo-en-el-lugar-de-trabajo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/occupational-health/occupational-exposure-to-lead.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con plomo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002473.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de plomo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003360.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plomo" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts13.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts13.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plomo" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/plomo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plomo y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-plomo/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de orina Delta-ALA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003457.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de metales pesados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-metales-pesados/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reducción de los riesgos de contaminación por plomo cuando remodela su casa" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/20001KAB.PDF">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los productos que se encuentran en el hogar para muchos usos domésticos pueden contener ingredientes que pueden dañar su salud y la del medio ambiente." title="Envenenamiento con productos del hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html" id="1963" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Intoxicación con productos en el hogar</also-called>
<also-called>Venenos en el hogar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los productos que utiliza para la limpieza, carpintería, reparación de automóviles, jardinería y muchos otros usos domésticos pueden contener ingredientes que pueden dañar su salud, la de su familia y el medio ambiente. Éstos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limpiadores de hornos y de drenaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Productos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;limpieza y desinfección&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo cloro y limpiadores antibacterianos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Detergente en polvo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ceras para el piso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disolventes, decapantes y removedores de pintura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;Pesticidas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Removedores de grasa y óxido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aceite de motor y aditivos de combustible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Materiales para el arte y manualidades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


 &lt;p&gt;Las sustancias tóxicas en estos productos pueden causar daño si se inhalan, se ingieren o absorben a través de la piel. La gente es afectada por sustancias tóxicas en diferentes maneras. Altas dosis de una sustancia tóxica pueden causar defectos de nacimiento u otros problemas graves, como daño cerebral o la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para evitar problemas, mantenga los productos en sus contenedores originales y utilícelos como lo indica la etiqueta. Siga las instrucciones de la etiqueta o busque ayuda médica si usted los traga, inhala o su piel absorbe estos productos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia de Protección Ambiental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html" id="1463" language="English">Household Products</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973">Contaminación de interiores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html" id="2095">Envenenamiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7608">Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html" id="2085">Pesticidas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html" id="1813">Seguridad del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Productos en el hogar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Productos para la limpieza</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venenos en el hogar</see-reference>
<site title="Emergencias con productos químicos en el hogar" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/emergencias-con-productos-quimicos-en-el-hogar" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/household-chemical-emergencies">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un centro de información toxicológica" url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/es/centros-de-informacion-toxicologica/encontrar-centro" language-mapped-url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/poison-centers/find-poison-center">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envenenamiento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/envenenamiento-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/poisoning/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con acetona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002480.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con ambientadores y limpiadores de inodoros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002743.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con amoníaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002759.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con destapadores de drenajes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002780.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con detergentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002777.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con gasolina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002806.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con limpiadores de drenajes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002779.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con limpiahornos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002800.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002800.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con líquido para encendedores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002833.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con querosén" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002807.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por cobre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002496.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación: primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/art-20056657?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/ART-20056657?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lista para la prevención del envenenamiento por pesticidas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-checklist.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peligros en el hogar (mascotas)" url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/LR_COM_ClientBroch_HouseholdHazards_SPANISH_0516.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/mcm-client-brochures-household-hazards-2022.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga el envenenamiento en su hogar" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/prevenga-los-envenenamientos-en-su-hogar">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos de limpieza, higiene y desinfección" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/prevention/paginas/cleaners-sanitizers-disinfectants.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tener un hogar más saludable: Eliminar las toxinas de su hogar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tener-un-hogar-mas-saludable" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/12/making-healthier-home">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usar sustancias químicas de uso doméstico durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Website de educación de ciencias de la salud del medioambiente" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are hidden dangers in the environment that can affect our health.  Find out about environmental health, including man-made and natural risks. " title="Environmental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/environmentalhealth.html" id="521" language="English" date-created="01/18/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Our environment affects our health. If parts of the environment, like the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;air&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html"&gt;water&lt;/a&gt;, 
or soil become polluted, it can lead to health problems. For example, asthma pollutants and chemicals in the air or in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html"&gt;home&lt;/a&gt; can trigger asthma attacks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some environmental risks are a part of the natural world, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html"&gt;radon&lt;/a&gt; in the soil. Others are the result of human activities, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;lead poisoning&lt;/a&gt; from paint, or exposure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html"&gt;asbestos&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html"&gt;mercury&lt;/a&gt; from mining or industrial use.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/environmentalhealth.html" id="1887" language="Spanish">Salud ambiental</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004782">Environmental Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/environmentalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html" id="130">Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html" id="1435">Drinking Water</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/electromagneticfields.html" id="899">Electromagnetic Fields</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537">Indoor Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html" id="608">Lead Poisoning</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538">Molds</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html" id="500">Noise</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html" id="347">Occupational Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oilspills.html" id="5554">Oil Spills</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html" id="498">Pesticides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html" id="379">Radiation Exposure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html" id="3172">Water Pollution</related-topic>
<site title="Aloe Vera" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/aloe">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="America's Children and the Environment" url="https://www.epa.gov/americaschildrenenvironment">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisphenol A (BPA)" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-bpa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cell Phone Radio Frequency Radiation" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/cellphones">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Environmental Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22environmental+health%22+OR+%22environmental+exposure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dioxins" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/dioxins">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Health Topics from A to Z" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/medio_ambiente_y_salud_de_la_a_a_la_z_508.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Children's Health Protection" url="https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-office-childrens-health-protection-ochp">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essential Oils" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/essential-oils">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exposure Science" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science/exposure">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flame Retardants" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/flame_retardants">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Harmful Algal Blooms" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/algal-blooms">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hazardous Material/Waste" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/haz-waste">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hazardous materials" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000457.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hazardous Waste: Learn the Basics of Hazardous Waste" url="https://www.epa.gov/hw/learn-basics-hazardous-waste">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Environments for Kids (Comic Book)" url="https://www.paho.org/en/documents/activity-book-monicas-gang-healthy-environments-kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/libro-actividades-monica-ambientes-saludables-para-ninos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Pan American Health Organization</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hexavalent Chromium" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/hex-chromium">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydraulic Fracturing and Health" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/fracking">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Kids' Pages" url="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Persistence of Plastics: Can Tiny Plastic Pieces Affect Our Health?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/persistence-plastics" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-persistencia-de-los-plasticos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Environmental+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RadTown USA: Basic Information" url="https://www.epa.gov/radtown">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Assessment" url="https://www.epa.gov/risk">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Too Loud and Too Bright! Noise and Light Pollution's Effects on Your Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/too-loud-and-too-bright" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/demasiado-ruidoso-y-demasiado-brillante">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ToxGuides: Quick Reference Guide for Toxicological Profiles" url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxGuides/ToxGuidesLanding.aspx">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transportation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change" url="https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, fight infections and play a role in allergic reactions. In eosinophilic disorders, too many cells build up." title="Eosinophilic Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicdisorders.html" id="4589" language="English" date-created="04/09/2008">
<also-called>Eosinophilia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell. They help fight off infections and play a role in your body's immune response.  They can also build up and cause inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normally your blood doesn't have a large number of eosinophils.  Your body may produce more of them in response to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Allergic disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parasitic and fungal infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Autoimmune diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some cancers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone marrow disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some conditions, the eosinophils can move outside the bloodstream and build up in organs and tissues. This can happen in many different parts of the body, including the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html"&gt;esophagus&lt;/a&gt;, heart, lungs, blood, and intestines. Treatment of eosinophilic disorders can vary, depending on the cause and which part of the body is affected. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;Steroids&lt;/a&gt; are often part of the treatment.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicdisorders.html" id="4590" language="Spanish">Desórdenes eosinofílicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004802">Eosinophilia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" id="6967">Eosinophilic Esophagitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Churg-Strauss Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Eosinophilia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypereosinophilic Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="About Eosinophilic Disorders" url="https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/eosinophilic-esophagitis">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Children's Hospital of Philadelphia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Churg-Strauss Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/churg-strauss-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353760?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Churg-Strauss Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Churg-Strauss+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eosinophilia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eosinophilia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypereosinophilic Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypereosinophilic+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophil count - absolute" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003649.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophil peroxidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/eosinophil-peroxidase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/eosinophilia/basics/definition/SYM-20050752?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/eosinophilia/basics/definition/sym-20050752?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/white-blood-cell-disorders/eosinophilic-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos/trastornos-de-los-eosin%C3%B3filos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Disorders Glossary" url="https://apfed.org/about-ead/glossary/?q=Glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic fasciitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000447.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Fasciitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/autoimmune-disorders-of-connective-tissue/eosinophilic-fasciitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos,-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/enfermedades-autoinmunitarias-del-tejido-conjuntivo/fascitis-eosin%C3%B3fila">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, formerly Churg-Strauss Syndrome (EGPA)" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/churgstrauss-syndrome-css/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Lung Diseases and Disorders" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/eosinophilic-lung-diseases?modal=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Tubes" url="https://apfed.org/resources/for-patients/for-adults/feeding-tubes/?q=adults_living_with_EGIDs">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES)" url="https://apfed.org/about-ead/hypereosinophilic-syndrome/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PDGFRA-associated chronic eosinophilic leukemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pdgfra-associated-chronic-eosinophilic-leukemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PDGFRB-associated chronic eosinophilic leukemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pdgfrb-associated-chronic-eosinophilic-leukemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eosinophilia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Simple pulmonary eosinophilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000105.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease in which eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) build up in your esophagus. It causes damage and inflammation. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment." title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" id="6967" language="English" date-created="05/07/2018">
<also-called>EoE</also-called>
<also-called>Eosinophilic Oesophagitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease of the esophagus. Your esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. If you have EoE, white blood cells called eosinophils build up in your esophagus. This causes damage and inflammation, which can cause pain, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;, and food getting stuck in your throat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;EoE is rare. But because it is a newly recognized disease, it is being diagnosed more often. Some people who think that they have reflux &lt;a href="gerd.html" tid="512"&gt;(GERD)&lt;/a&gt; may actually have EoE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers are not certain about the exact cause of EoE. They think that it is an immune system/allergic reaction to foods or to substances in your environment, such as dust mites, animal dander, pollen, and molds. Certain genes may also play a role in EoE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;EoE can affect anyone, but it is more common in people who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are male&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have other allergic diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html"&gt;hay fever&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;eczema&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"&gt;food allergies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have family members with EoE&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common symptoms of EoE can depend on your age.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In infants and toddlers:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeding problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor weight gain and growth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html"&gt;Reflux&lt;/a&gt; that does not get better with medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In older children:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble swallowing, especially with solid foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html"&gt;Reflux&lt;/a&gt; that does not get better with medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In adults:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble swallowing, especially with solid foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Food getting stuck in the esophagus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reflux that does not get better with medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;Heartburn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have EoE, your doctor will likely:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your symptoms and medical history.&lt;/strong&gt; Since other conditions can have the same symptoms of EoE, it is important for your doctor to take a thorough history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.&lt;/strong&gt; An endoscope is a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end of it. Your doctor will run the endoscope down your esophagus and look at it. Some signs that you might have EoE include white spots, rings, narrowing, and inflammation in the esophagus. However, not everyone with EoE has those signs, and sometimes they can be signs of a different &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;esophagus disorder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do a biopsy.&lt;/strong&gt; During the endoscopy, the doctor will take small tissue samples from your esophagus. The samples will be checked for a high number of eosinophils. This is the only way to make a diagnosis of EoE.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do other tests as needed.&lt;/strong&gt; You may have blood tests to check for other conditions. If you do have EoE, you may have blood or other types of tests to check for specific allergies.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for EoE. Treatments can manage your symptoms and prevent further damage. The two main types of treatments are medicines and diet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medicines used to treat EoE are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Steroids,&lt;/strong&gt; which can help control inflammation. These are usually topical steroids, which you swallow either from an inhaler or as a liquid. Sometimes doctors prescribe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;oral steroids&lt;/a&gt; (pills) to treat people who have serious swallowing problems or weight loss.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acid suppressors&lt;/strong&gt; such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which may help with reflux symptoms and decrease inflammation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Monoclonal antibodies,&lt;/strong&gt; which can reduce inflammation and may help with swallowing. They can be used in adults and children over age 12.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dietary changes for EoE include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elimination diet.&lt;/strong&gt; If you are on an elimination diet, you stop eating and drinking certain foods and beverages for several weeks. If you are feeling better, you add the foods back to your diet one at a time. You have repeat endoscopies to see whether or not you are tolerating those foods. There are different types of elimination diets:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;With one type, you first have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/"&gt;allergy test&lt;/a&gt;. Then you stop eating and drinking the foods you are allergic to.&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;For another type, you eliminate foods and drinks that commonly cause allergies, such as dairy products, egg, wheat, soy, peanuts, tree nuts and fish/shellfish.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elemental diet.&lt;/strong&gt; With this diet, you stop eating and drinking all proteins. Instead, you drink an amino acid formula. Some people who do not like the taste of the formula use a feeding tube instead. If your symptoms and inflammation go away completely, you may be able to try adding foods back one at a time, to see whether you can tolerate them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Which treatment your doctor suggests depends on different factors, including your age. Some people may use more than one kind of treatment. Researchers are still trying to understand EoE and how best to treat it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your treatment is not working well enough and you have narrowing of the esophagus, you may need dilation. This is a procedure to stretch the esophagus. This makes it easier for you to swallow.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" id="6968" language="Spanish">Esofagitis eosinofílica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D057765">Eosinophilic Esophagitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eosinophilic Esophagitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eosinophilic+Esophagitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="EoE (Eosinophilic Esophagitis)" url="https://apfed.org/about-ead/egids/eoe/?q=what_is_eoe">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic esophagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007717.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/esofagitis-eosinofilica-(ee)-eosinophilic-esophagi">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eosinophilic-esophagitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eosinophilic-esophagitis.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients" url="https://gi.org/topics/eosinophilic-esophagitis-in-pediatric-and-adolescent-patients/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372203?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372203?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372197?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372197?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eosinophilic+Esophagitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Upper Endoscopy for Kids" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La epilepsia es un trastorno cerebral que hace que las personas tengan convulsiones (seizures, en inglés) recurrentes. Infórmese aquí." title="Epilepsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html" id="1888" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La epilepsia es un trastorno cerebral que hace que las personas tengan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;convulsiones&lt;/a&gt; recurrentes. Las convulsiones ocurren cuando los grupos de células nerviosas (neuronas) del cerebro envían señales erróneas. Las personas pueden tener sensaciones y emociones extrañas o comportarse de una manera rara. Pueden tener espasmos musculares violentos o perder el conocimiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La epilepsia tiene muchas causas posibles, que incluyen las enfermedades, lesiones cerebrales y el desarrollo cerebral anormal. A pesar de eso, en muchos casos se desconoce la causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos usan estudios cerebrales y otras pruebas para diagnosticar la epilepsia. Es importante iniciar el tratamiento de inmediato. No existe una cura para la epilepsia, pero en la mayoría de los casos las medicinas pueden controlar las convulsiones. Cuando los medicamentos no funcionan bien, la cirugía o los dispositivos implantados, como los estimuladores vagales, pueden ayudar. Las dietas especiales pueden ayudar a ciertos niños epilépticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
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<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Alta tras epilepsia o convulsiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<site title="Cirugía para tratar la epilepsia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/epilepsy-surgery/about/pac-20393981?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/epilepsy-surgery/about/pac-20393981?p=1">
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<site title="Craneotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">
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<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
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<site title="Cómo ayudar a alguien que está teniendo una convulsión" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-ayudar-a-alguien-que-esta-teniendo-una-convulsion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-help-someone-who-is-having-a-seizure">
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<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
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<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/epilepsia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/epilepsy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000694.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epilepsia" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/epilepsia/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/epilepsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/epilepsy.html">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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<site title="Epilepsia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/epilepsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/epilepsy.html">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsia en adultos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000221.htm">
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<site title="Epilepsia en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007681.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007681.htm">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Epilepsia en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000222.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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<site title="Epilepsia y embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/epilepsia-epilepsia-y-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/epilepsy-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Epilepsia y embarazo: Todo lo que debe saber" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20048417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20048417?p=1">
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<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
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<site title="Epilepsia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epilepsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350098?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsia: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epilepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20350093?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsias y las crisis: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/epilepsias-y-crisis-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/epilepsies-and-seizures-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
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<site title="Estimulador del nervio vago para tratar la epilepsia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vagus-nerve-stimulator.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vagus-nerve-stimulator.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
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<site title="Observando la epilepsia: Estallidos eléctricos en el cerebro" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/observando-la-epilepsia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Recorrido de una familia para encontrar respuestas a la epilepsia" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/recorrido-de-una-familia-para-encontrar-respuestas-a-la-epilepsia" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/one-familys-journey-to-find-epilepsy-answers">
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<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de West" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13300/sindrome-de-west/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ct-head.html">
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<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
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<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
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<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Ícono de la moda Camila Coelho habla sobre su diagnóstico de epilepsia" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/icono-de-la-moda-camila-coelho-habla-sobre-su-diagnostico-de-epilepsia" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/fashion-icon-camila-coelho-gets-real-about-epilepsy-diagnosis">
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<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have seizures. The seizures may be mild or severe.  Learn about causes, diagnosis, and treatment." title="Epilepsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html" id="244" language="English" date-created="08/04/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;seizures&lt;/a&gt;.  The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. They may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Epilepsy has many possible causes, including illness, brain injury, and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It is important to start treatment right away. There is no cure for epilepsy, but medicines can control seizures for most people. When medicines are not working well, surgery or implanted devices such as vagus nerve stimulators may help. Special diets can help some children with epilepsy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="About Epilepsy" url="https://www.epilepsy.va.gov/Information/about.asp">
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<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
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<site title="Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy">
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<site title="CHD2 myoclonic encephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chd2-myoclonic-encephalopathy">
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<site title="Childhood absence epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/childhood-absence-epilepsy">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Epilepsy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Epilepsy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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<site title="CLN8 disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln8-disease">
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<site title="Craniotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm">
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<site title="Curing the Epilepsies: The Promise of Research" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/focus-disorders/epilepsy-research/curing-epilepsies-promise-research">
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<site title="Employees with Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder" url="https://askjan.org/disabilities/Epilepsy-Seizure-Disorder.cfm">
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<organization>Office of Disability Employment Policy</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/epilepsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/epilepsy.html">
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<site title="Epilepsy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/epilepsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/epilepsy.html">
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<site title="Epilepsy and Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/epilepsy-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/epilepsia-epilepsia-y-embarazo/?adfree=true">
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<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsy and Seizures" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/epilepsy-and-seizures">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epilepsy Facts and Stats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/data-research/facts-stats/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/spanish/basicos/datos.html">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Epilepsy in adults - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000221.htm">
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<site title="Epilepsy in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007681.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007681.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Epilepsy in children - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000127.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Epilepsy in children - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000222.htm">
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<site title="Epilepsy or seizures - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000128.htm">
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<site title="Fashion Icon Camila Coelho Gets Real About Epilepsy Diagnosis" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/fashion-icon-camila-coelho-gets-real-about-epilepsy-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/icono-de-la-moda-camila-coelho-habla-sobre-su-diagnostico-de-epilepsia">
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<site title="Find a Doctor" url="https://my.aesnet.org/FindaDoctor">
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<organization>American Epilepsy Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid for Seizures" url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/spanish/primeros-auxilios.html">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional MRI (fMRI)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain">
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/genetic-epilepsy-with-febrile-seizures-plus">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="GM3 synthase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gm3-synthase-deficiency">
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<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="How to Help Someone Who Is Having a Seizure" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-help-someone-who-is-having-a-seizure" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-ayudar-a-alguien-que-esta-teniendo-una-convulsion">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infantile Spasms" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/infantile-spasms">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/juvenile-myoclonic-epilepsy">
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<site title="Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lafora-progressive-myoclonus-epilepsy">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lennox-gastaut-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lennox-gastaut-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/malignant-migrating-partial-seizures-of-infancy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Epilepsy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/living-with/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/spanish/control.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-with-ragged-red-fibers">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="One Family's Journey to Find Epilepsy Answers" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/one-familys-journey-to-find-epilepsy-answers" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/recorrido-de-una-familia-para-encontrar-respuestas-a-la-epilepsia">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="PRICKLE1-related progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prickle1-related-progressive-myoclonus-epilepsy-with-ataxia">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Epilepsy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pyridoxine-dependent-epilepsy">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ring chromosome 14 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ring-chromosome-14-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ring chromosome 20 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ring-chromosome-20-syndrome">
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<site title="Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy-with-progressive-myoclonic-epilepsy">
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<site title="STXBP1 encephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stxbp1-encephalopathy/">
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<site title="Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/sudep/">
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<site title="Unverricht-Lundborg disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-myoclonic-epilepsy-type-1">
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<site title="Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treating Epilepsy" url="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/619">
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Vagus Nerve Stimulator Therapy for Epilepsy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vagus-nerve-stimulator.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vagus-nerve-stimulator.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mantener el equilibrio adecuado de electrolitos ayuda a la química sanguínea, acción muscular y otros procesos del organismo. Infórmese." title="Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4225" language="Spanish" date-created="03/15/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los electrolitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los electrolitos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; que tienen carga eléctrica cuando se disuelven en agua o fluidos corporales, incluida la sangre. La carga eléctrica puede ser positiva o negativa. Usted tiene electrolitos en la sangre, la orina, los tejidos y otros fluidos corporales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Son importantes porque ayudan a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Equilibrar la cantidad de agua en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Equilibrar el nivel ácido-base (pH) de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llevar nutrientes a sus células&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eliminar los desechos de sus células&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apoyar el funcionamiento de sus músculos y nervios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantener su frecuencia y ritmo cardíacos estable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manter estable su presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantener sus huesos y dientes sanos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de electrolitos en su cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los principales electrolitos de su cuerpo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bicarbonato: Ayuda a mantener el equilibrio ácido-base del cuerpo y cumple una función importante en la circulación de dióxido de carbono por el torrente sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;Calcio&lt;/a&gt;: Ayuda a fortalecer y mantener los huesos y los dientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cloruro: También ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido en el cuerpo. Además, ayuda a mantener un volumen de sangre y una presión arterial saludables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Magnesio: Ayuda a que los músculos, los nervios y el corazón funcionen bien. También ayuda a controlar la presión arterial y los niveles de &lt;a href="../spanish/bloodglucose.html" tid="6122"&gt;glucosa (azúcar) en sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fosfato: Trabaja junto con el mineral calcio para formar huesos y dientes fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html"&gt;Potasio&lt;/a&gt;: Ayuda a que el corazón y los músculos funcionen bien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;Sodio&lt;/a&gt;: Ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido que hay en el cuerpo. También contribuye a que los nervios y los músculos funcionen bien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los electrolitos se obtienen de los alimentos que consume y de los líquidos que bebe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un desequilibrio electrolítico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un desequilibrio electrolítico significa que el nivel de uno o más electrolitos en su cuerpo es demasiado bajo o demasiado alto. Puede ocurrir cuando cambia la cantidad de agua en su cuerpo. La cantidad de agua que ingiere debe ser igual a la cantidad que elimina. Si algo altera este equilibrio, es posible que tenga muy poca agua (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;) o demasiada agua (sobrehidratación). Algunas de las razones más comunes por las que podría tener un desequilibrio del agua en su cuerpo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómito&lt;/a&gt; y/o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; intenso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html"&gt;Sudoración&lt;/a&gt; intensa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hepáticos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No beber suficientes líquidos, especialmente cuando se hace ejercicio intenso o cuando hace mucho calor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber demasiada agua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los nombres de los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Nombres de los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Electrolito&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Demasiado bajo&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Demasiado alto&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Bicarbonato&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Acidosis&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Alcalosis&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Calcio&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hipocalcemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hipercalcemia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Cloruro&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hipocloremia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hipercloremia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Magnesio&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hipomagnesemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hipermagnesemia&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Fosfato&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hipofosfatemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hiperfosfatemia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Potasio&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hipocalemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hipercalemia&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Sodio&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hiponatremia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hipernatremia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los desequilibrios electrolíticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una prueba llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/"&gt;panel de electrolitos&lt;/a&gt;
 puede verificar los niveles de los principales electrolitos de su cuerpo. Una prueba relacionada, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-la-brecha-anionica/"&gt;análisis de sangre de la brecha aniónica&lt;/a&gt;, verifica si sus electrolitos están desequilibrados o si su sangre es demasiado ácida o no lo suficientemente ácida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los desequilibrios electrolíticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para un desequilibrio electrolítico depende de qué electrolitos están desequilibrados, si hay muy pocos o demasiados y qué está causando el desequilibrio. En casos menores, es posible que simplemente deba realizar algunos cambios en su dieta. En otros casos, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos. Por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si no tiene suficientes electrolitos, puede recibir una terapia de reemplazo de electrolitos. Esto implica darle más de ese electrolito. Puede ser un medicamento o suplemento que se traga o bebe, o se puede administrar por vía intravenosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene demasiado electrolito, su profesional de la salud puede darle medicamentos o líquidos (por vía oral o intravenosa) para ayudar a eliminar ese electrolito de su cuerpo. En casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis para filtrar el electrolito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4224" language="English">Fluid and Electrolyte Balance</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html" id="6052">Deshidratación</related-topic>
<site title="Agua en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002471.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agua: ¿Cuánta agua debes beber cada día?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de la brecha aniónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-la-brecha-anionica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anion-gap-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ausencia de sed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003086.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de magnesio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000315.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desequilibrio de líquidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001187.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disminución del gasto urinario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003147.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dióxido de carbono (CO2) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/dioxido-de-carbono-co2-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/carbon-dioxide-co2-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrólitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002350.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de aldosterona en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003704.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Examen de cloruro en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003485.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003485.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de CO2 en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003469.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona antidiurética en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003702.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la concentración de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003608.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la densidad de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003587.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de magnesio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003487.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de osmolalidad de la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003463.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sodio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del cloruro en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003601.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grupo de pruebas metabólicas básicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003462.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="H20 para un envejecimiento saludable" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-h20-para-un-envejecimiento-saludable" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/h20-for-healthy-aging">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidratarse para estar sano" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/hidratarse-para-estar-sano" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/05/hydrating-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipofosfatemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000307.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000307.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al agua corporal" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/equilibrio-h%C3%ADdrico/introducci%C3%B3n-al-agua-corporal" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/water-balance/about-body-water">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ionograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nivel bajo de sodio en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000394.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osmolalidad de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003609.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panel metabólico básico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cloruro en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cloruro-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chloride-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de electrolitos en el sudor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003630.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de magnesio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-magnesio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/magnesium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sodio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sodio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sodium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del llenado capilar ungueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003394.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de osmolalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-osmolalidad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/osmolality-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de leche y alcalinos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000332.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Turgencia cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003281.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Men with erectile dysfunction (ED), or impotence, have trouble getting or keeping an erection. It is more common in older men. Learn about treatment." title="Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html" id="118" language="English" date-created="11/20/1998">
<also-called>ED</also-called>
<also-called>Impotence</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common type of male sexual dysfunction. It is when a man has trouble getting or keeping an erection. ED becomes more common as you get older.  But it's not a natural part of aging.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people have trouble speaking with their doctors about sex. But if you have ED, you should tell your doctor. ED can be a sign of health problems. It may mean your blood vessels are clogged. It may mean you have nerve damage from diabetes. If you don't see your doctor, these problems will go untreated. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor can offer several new treatments for ED. For many men, the answer is as simple as taking a pill. Getting more exercise, losing weight, or stopping smoking may also help. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html" id="1972" language="Spanish">Disfunción eréctil</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007172">Erectile Dysfunction</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/penisdisorders.html" id="1360">Penis Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Impotence</see-reference>
<site title="All-Natural Tips to Improve Your Sex Life: Exercise, Diet Changes May Help Reverse ED (Erectile Dysfunction)" url="https://www.health.harvard.edu/mens-health/all-natural-tips-to-improve-your-sex-life">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Harvard Medical School</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bent Penis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/SYM-20050628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/sym-20050628?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiovascular Implications of Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.017681">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Erectile+Dysfunction%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Impotence" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Impotence%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: A Natural Treatment for ED?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction-herbs/ART-20044394?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction-herbs/art-20044394?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs that may cause erection problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004024.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://diabetes.org/health-wellness/sexual-health/erectile-disfunction" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/tratamiento-y-cuidado/la-salud-del-hombre/disfuncin-erctil.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20355776?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction (ED)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/erectile-dysfunction/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/disfuncion-erectil-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction (ED)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/disfuncion-erectil">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction and Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20043927?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20043927?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007617_46.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007617_101.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction: A Sign of Heart Disease?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20045141?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20045141?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction: Viagra and Other Oral Medications" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20047821?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20047821?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erection problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007617.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erection problems - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000396.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fertility and Sexual Side Effects in People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypogonadism in Men" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypogonadism" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/bajo-nivel-de-testosterona">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kegel Exercises for Men: Understand the Benefits" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Penile Implants" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/penile-implants/about/pac-20384916?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/penile-implants/about/pac-20384916?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penis Pump" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/penis-pump/about/pac-20385225?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/penis-pump/about/pac-20385225?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Erectile+Dysfunction%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex and the Adult Male with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Therapy: Potential Benefits and Risks as You Age" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuum erectile devices for erection problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000985.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000985.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yohimbe" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yohimbe">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ergonomics is a science that helps improve products, processes and tools to help people work and live better and to prevent injury. Find out how." title="Ergonomics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html" id="3397" language="English" date-created="06/26/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ergonomics looks at what kind of work you do, what tools you use and your whole job environment.  The aim is to find the best fit between you and your job conditions. Examples of ergonomic changes to your work might include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adjusting the position of your computer keyboard to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;carpal tunnel syndrome&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Being sure that the height of your desk chair allows your feet to rest flat on floor&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Learning the right way to lift heavy objects to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html"&gt;back injuries&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Using handle coatings or special gloves to suppress vibrations from power tools&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Making sure that you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html"&gt;good posture&lt;/a&gt; in whatever you do, whether it is sitting in front of a computer, standing at a checkout, or walking around a warehouse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No matter what the job is, the goal is to make sure that you are safe, comfortable, and less prone to work-related injuries.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html" id="3398" language="Spanish">Ergonomía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006804">Ergonomics</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157">Back Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="179">Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html" id="6681">Guide to Good Posture</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html" id="347">Occupational Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Repetitive Motion Injuries</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cumulative Trauma Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cumulative+Trauma+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstation: Pointer/Mouse" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/pointer-mouse">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Desks" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/desks">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Good Working Positions" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/positions">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Keyboards" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/keyboards">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Wrist/Palm Supports" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/wrist-palm-support">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Easy Ergonomics: A Guide to Selecting Non-Powered Hand Tools" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-164/pdfs/2004-164.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ergonomic Chairs" url="https://ors.od.nih.gov/sr/dohs/HealthAndWellness/Ergonomics/Pages/ergonomic_chair.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Research Services, Division of Safety</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ergonomics -- Overview" url="https://www.osha.gov/ergonomics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ergonomics/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Requiring Days Away from Work, 2015" url="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/osh2.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration" url="https://www.osha.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.osha.gov/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overuse Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/rsi.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/rsi.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ergonomics" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ergonomics%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repetitive Motion Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/repetitive-motion-disorders">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El objetivo es encontrar la mejor adaptación entre usted y sus condiciones laborales. Por ejemplo, encontrar la mejor posición para su teclado o silla." title="Ergonomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html" id="3398" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La ergonomía ve el tipo de trabajo que usted hace, las herramientas que utiliza y su ambiente de trabajo como un todo. El objetivo es encontrar la mejor adaptación entre usted y sus condiciones laborales. Algunos ejemplos de cambios ergonómicos en su trabajo pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ajustar la posición del teclado de su computadora para prevenir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome del túnel carpiano&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegurarse que la altura de la silla de su escritorio permite que sus pies descansen horizontalmente en el piso &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Aprender la forma adecuada de levantar objetos pesados para prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones en la espalda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Usar cubiertas para las manijas o guantes especiales para disminuir las vibraciones de las herramientas eléctricas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegurarse de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html"&gt;mantener una buena postura&lt;/a&gt; en todo lo que haga, ya sea estando sentado frente a una computadora, de pie en el mostrador o caminando por un almacén&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Independientemente del trabajo, el objetivo es garantizar que esté seguro, cómodo y menos propenso a lesiones relacionadas con el trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html" id="3397" language="English">Ergonomics</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766">Dolor de espalda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html" id="2061">Salud ocupacional</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="1799">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</related-topic>
<site title="Costura y procedimientos relacionados" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/sewing-sp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones por sobrecarga" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/rsi.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/rsi.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentarse derecho: Mejore su postura para gozar de una mejor salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Soluciones simples: Ergonomía para trabajadores agrícolas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2001-111_sp/pdfs/2001-111sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2001-111/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Soluciones simples: Soluciones ergonómicas para trabajadores de la construcción" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2007-122_sp/pdfs/2007-122.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-122/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Algunos errores de refracción de los ojos pueden ser miopía, astigmatismo y presbicia. Infórmese aquí sobre los síntomas y tratamientos. " title="Errores de refracción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html" id="2122" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La córnea y el cristalino del ojo ayudan a enfocar. Los errores de refracción son problemas de visión que se producen cuando la forma del ojo no le permite enfocar bien. La causa podría ser la longitud del globo ocular (largo o más corto), cambios en la forma de la córnea o el envejecimiento del cristalino. Cuatro errores de refracción comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Miopía o corto de vista: Visión clara de cerca, pero borrosa a distancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hipermetropía o hiperopía: Visión clara a distancia, pero borrosa de cerca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Presbicia: Incapacidad para enfocar de cerca resultado del envejecimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Astigmatismo: Problemas de enfoque causados por la córnea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síntoma más común es la visión borrosa. Otros síntomas pueden incluir visión doble, nebulosas, deslumbramiento o halos alrededor de luces brillantes, entrecerrar los ojos, dolores de cabeza o fatiga visual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html"&gt;anteojos o los lentes de contacto&lt;/a&gt; suelen corregir los errores de refracción. La cirugía del ojo con láser es otra posibilidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html" id="946" language="English">Refractive Errors</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html" id="1896">Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lasereyesurgery.html" id="1998">Cirugía del ojo con rayos láser</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<see-reference>Astigmatismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipermetropía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hiperopía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Miopía</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía refractiva de la córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Astigmatismo" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/astigmatismo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/astigmatism">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Astigmatismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001015.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del ojo con rayos láser: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lasereyesurgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lasereyesurgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía refractiva de los ojos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre exámenes y pruebas de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Errores de refracción" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/errores-de-refraccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/refractive-errors">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de agudeza visual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003396.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la vista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes caseros de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipermetropía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001020.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperopía" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/hipermetropia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hágase un examen de los ojos con dilatación de las pupilas" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/hagase-un-examen-de-los-ojos-con-dilatacion-de-las-pupilas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lentes de contacto ralentizan la miopía en los niños" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-lentes-de-contacto-ralentizan-la-miopia-en-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/10/contact-lenses-slow-childrens-nearsightedness">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lentes intraoculares (LIO)" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/lentes-intraoculares">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miopía" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/miopia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miopía (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nearsightedness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nearsightedness.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presbicia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001026.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presbicia o presbiopía" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/presbicia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Refracción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003844.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100082_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100082_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de córnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003008.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visión borrosa del mundo: Entender la miopía" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-vision-borrosa-del-mundo" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/07/blurry-worldview">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Visión corta (miopía)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001023.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vista de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la cirugía refractiva?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/cirugia-refractiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/what-is-refractive-surgery">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Está seguro de cómo tomar su medicación? Infórmese aquí sobre cómo tomar sus medicamentos en forma segura." title="Errores en la administración de medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html" id="5720" language="Spanish" date-created="12/07/2010">
<also-called>Cómo tomar los medicamentos</also-called>
<also-called>Dar mal un medicamento</also-called>
<also-called>Errores con dosis de medicamentos</also-called>
<also-called>Errores con remedios</also-called>
<also-called>Errores de medicación</also-called>
<also-called>Tomando medicamentos de manera segura</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt; tratan enfermedades infecciosas, previenen problemas para que éstos no se conviertan en enfermedades crónicas y alivian el dolor. Pero las medicinas también pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;reacciones no deseadas&lt;/a&gt; si no se usan correctamente. Los errores pueden suceder en el hospital, en la oficina del proveedor de salud, en la farmacia o en casa. Usted puede prevenir estos errores al:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conocer sus medicinas&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando obtenga una receta, pregunte el nombre del medicamento y verifique que la farmacia le haya entregado el medicamento correcto. Asegúrese de entender la frecuencia con la que debe tomar el medicamento y por cuánto tiempo debe tomarlo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener una lista de sus medicinas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escriba todas las medicinas que toma. Incluya sus nombres, dosis y cuándo debe tomarlas. También incluya los medicamentos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;sin receta médica&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;hierbas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplementos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Haga una lista de las medicinas a las que usted es alérgico y las que le han causado problemas en el pasado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lleve esta lista a todas sus visitas con el médico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leer y seguir las instrucciones de las etiquetas de los medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: No confíe solo en su memoria. Lea las etiquetas de las medicinas cada vez. Sea especialmente cuidadoso al dar medicinas a los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer preguntas&lt;/strong&gt;: Si no conoce las respuestas a estas preguntas, pregunte a su proveedor de salud:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;¿Por qué tengo que tomar este remedio?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Cuáles son sus efectos secundarios comunes?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Qué debo hacer si tengo efectos secundarios?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Cuándo debo dejar de tomar el medicamento?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;¿Puedo tomar este remedio o suplemento junto con las otras medicinas en mi lista?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Necesito evitar ciertos alimentos o el alcohol al tomar esta medicina?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

	


&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html" id="5719" language="English">Medication Errors</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html" id="5604">Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3800">Medicamentos sin receta médica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6006">Medicamentos y los niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html" id="2082">Seguridad del paciente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Medicamentos, Errores en la administración</see-reference>
<see-reference>Remedios, Cómo tomarlos de manera segura</see-reference>
<site title="Administración de medicamentos líquidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002209.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adultos mayores y el uso seguro de los medicamentos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/medicinas/adultos-mayores-uso-seguro-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medicines-and-medication-management/taking-medicines-safely-you-age">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Almacenamiento de sus medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a prevenir los errores hospitalarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crear una rutina para tomar los medicamentos en casa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000613.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo administrarle medicamentos a su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo dejar de tomar medicamentos esteroides sin peligro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dejar-de-tomar-medicamentos-esteroides-sin-peligro/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-stop-steroid-medicines-safely/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo y cuándo deshacerse de medicamentos no utilizados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantener sus medicamentos organizados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000600.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos: Utilizarlos en forma segura" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medication-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medication-safety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con los medicamentos durante su hospitalización" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000501.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con los medicamentos: Despachar su receta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000766.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000766.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepa cómo tomar sus medicamentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/sepa-como-tomar-sus-medicamentos-use-medicines-wisely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/use-medicines-wisely">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistemas de administración de fármacos: Administración localizada de fármacos de manera controlada" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/sistemas-de-administraci%C3%B3n-de-f%C3%A1rmacos-administraci%C3%B3n-localizada-de">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toma medicamentos de forma segura" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/precauciones-seguridad/toma-medicamentos-forma-segura" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/safety/use-medicines-safely">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar los medicamentos: Qué se le pregunta al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso apropiado de medicinas sin receta médica o de venta libre" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/78300/download">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La escanografía nuclear (o gammagrafía) utiliza material radioactivo para observar estructuras y funciones al interior de su cuerpo. Para qué se usa aquí" title="Escanografía nuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html" id="3956" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<also-called>Gammagrafía</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La escanografía nuclear (o gammagrafía) utiliza material radioactivo para observar las estructuras y funciones al interior de su cuerpo. Incluye una cámara especial que detecta la radioactividad.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antes del estudio, la persona recibirá una pequeña dosis de una sustancia radioactiva. En general se inyecta, pero a veces se traga o inhala. Luego el paciente se acuesta inmóvil sobre una mesa de exploración mientras la cámara toma las imágenes. La mayoría de los estudios toman de 20 a 45 minutos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las escanografías nucleares ayudan a los médicos a diagnosticar afecciones, incluyendo cánceres, lesiones e infecciones. También pueden mostrar el funcionamiento de algunos órganos, como el corazón y los pulmones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html" id="3955" language="English">Nuclear Scans</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gammagrafia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tomografía Nuclear</see-reference>
<site title="Cisternografía con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003823.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistografía con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003832.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración hepatobiliar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración por tomografía por emisión de positrones - tomografía computada (PET/TC)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/PET" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía con galio (Ga)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003450.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía con MIBG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003830.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003835.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003835.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la vesícula biliar con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de perfusión renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003831.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003825.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía pulmonar con galio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003824.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía pulmonar de ventilación/perfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003828.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía renal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Renal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Renal">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía y absorción tiroideas" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thyroiduptake" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thyroiduptake">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de términos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfogammagrafía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicina nuclear" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/medicina-nuclear" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/nuclear-medicine">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina nuclear cardíaca" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cardinuclear" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=cardinuclear">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicina nuclear general" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gennuclear" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gennuclear">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de esfuerzo nuclear" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/prueba-de-esfuerzo-nuclear/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nuclear-stress-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-esfuerzo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spect-scan/about/pac-20384925?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spect-scan/about/pac-20384925?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tomografia-por-emision-de-positrones/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pet-scan/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003827.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007343.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) para cáncer de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007469.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculografía nuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003822.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La esclerodermia es una enfermedad autoinmune que causa inflamación y engrosamiento de la piel y otras áreas del cuerpo. Se desconoce la causa exacta de la esclerodermia." title="Esclerodermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html" id="2138" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<also-called>Esclerosis sistémica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la esclerodermia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Esclerodermia significa "piel dura". Es el nombre de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedad autoinmune&lt;/a&gt; que causa inflamación y engrosamiento de la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. Esta inflamación hace que tenga áreas de piel tirante y dura. La esclerodermia puede afectar solo un área de su cuerpo o puede afectar muchos sistemas de su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de esclerodermia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos principales de esclerodermia:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esclerodermia localizada&lt;/strong&gt;: Afecta sólo la piel y los músculos y tejidos justo debajo de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esclerodermia sistémica&lt;/strong&gt;: Es un tipo más grave que también se conoce como esclerosis sistémica. Afecta a muchas partes del cuerpo y puede dañar los vasos sanguíneos y los órganos internos, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;corazón&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;pulmones&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;riñones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la esclerodermia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa exacta de la esclerodermia. Los investigadores creen que varios factores pueden influir en la causa de la enfermedad:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su genética&lt;/strong&gt;: Ciertos genes pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tener esclerodermia. También pueden influir en el tipo de esclerodermia que tenga. La esclerodermia no se transmite de padres a hijos, pero es más probable que la desarrolle si un pariente cercano la padece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su ambiente&lt;/strong&gt;: La exposición a ciertos elementos del medio ambiente, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; o sustancias químicas, puede desencadenar la esclerodermia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;Cambios en el sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando su sistema inmunitario cambia, puede hacer que sus células produzcan demasiado colágeno en el cuerpo. Demasiado colágeno provoca áreas de piel tirante y dura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;Hormonas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Las diferencias hormonales o del sistema inmunitario entre mujeres y hombres podrían influir en la enfermedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener esclerodermia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar esclerodermia, pero ciertos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tenerla:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: La esclerodermia es más común en mujeres que en hombres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: La enfermedad suele aparecer entre los 30 y 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza&lt;/strong&gt;: La esclerodermia puede afectar a personas de todas las razas y grupos étnicos, pero la enfermedad puede afectar más gravemente a los afrodescendientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la esclerodermia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la esclerodermia son diferentes para cada persona, dependiendo del tipo de esclerodermia que tenga:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La esclerodermia localizada&lt;/strong&gt; en general causa parches de piel gruesa y dura en uno de dos patrones:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Parches firmes y de forma ovalada que permanecen en un área o se extienden a otras áreas de la piel. Esto se llama morfea&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Líneas de piel gruesa o de diferente color que recorren el brazo, la pierna y, en raras ocasiones, la frente. Esto se llama esclerodermia lineal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La esclerodermia sistémica&lt;/strong&gt; puede causar problemas en los órganos internos y en la piel. Puede causar síntomas como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Piel gruesa y tirante en los dedos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html"&gt;Fenómeno de Raynaud&lt;/a&gt;, un estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos en las manos o los pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño a sus órganos internos, incluyendo su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html"&gt;sistema digestivo&lt;/a&gt;, pulmones, riñones y corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la esclerodermia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba única para la esclerodermia. Los síntomas pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden ser similares a los de otras enfermedades. Esto puede hacer que la esclerodermia sea difícil de diagnosticar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene esclerodermia, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar análisis de sangre, incluyendo una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/"&gt;prueba de ANA (anticuerpos antinucleares)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede hacer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede realizar otros exámenes, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, para detectar daños en los órganos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la esclerodermia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para la esclerodermia, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas y limitar el daño. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar a disminuir la inflamación, controlar el dolor, manejar otros síntomas y prevenir complicaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia física u ocupacional&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar con el dolor, mejorar la fuerza muscular y enseñarle formas de ayudar con la vida diaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cuidado dental regular&lt;/strong&gt;, porque la esclerodermia puede &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;resecar la boca&lt;/a&gt; y dañar sus tejidos conectivos. Estos problemas pueden acelerar las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html"&gt;caries&lt;/a&gt; y hacer que los dientes se aflojen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite consultar a especialistas para que le ayuden a tratar su enfermedad. Muchas personas con esclerodermia acuden a un reumatólogo, un especialista en enfermedades reumáticas como la artritis y otros trastornos inflamatorios o autoinmunes. Los dermatólogos, que se especializan en afecciones de la piel, el cabello y las uñas, también pueden tener un papel importante en el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Y si tiene daño en algún órgano, es posible que necesite consultar a otros especialistas.
También puede ayudar a controlar algunos de sus síntomas, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vestirse abrigado y evitar ambientes fríos o húmedos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; (si fuma)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aplicarse protector solar antes de salir al aire libre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar humectantes en la piel para ayudar a disminuir la rigidez&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar baños y duchas calientes, jabones fuertes y limpiadores domésticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html" id="394" language="English">Scleroderma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="2120">Fenómeno de Raynaud</related-topic>
<see-reference>Esclerosis sistémica</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/anticuerpos-antinucleares-ana" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/antinuclear-antibodies-ana">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad vascular del colágeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerodermia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esclerodermia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/scleroderma/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerodermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000429.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerodermia" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/esclerodermia" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/scleroderma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerodermia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scleroderma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351957?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000297.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Morfea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/morphea/symptoms-causes/syc-20375283?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas analíticas de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003535.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis necrosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la esclerodermia?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/esclerodermia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/scleroderma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, o ELA, es una enfermedad del sistema nervioso que ataca células nerviosas. La persona pierde fuerza y no puede moverse" title="Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="1739" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedad de Lou Gehrig</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, o ELA, es una enfermedad del sistema nervioso que ataca a las células nerviosas (neuronas) que están en el cerebro y la médula espinal. Estas neuronas transmiten mensajes desde el cerebro y la médula espinal hacia los músculos voluntarios, los que usted puede controlar, como los de los brazos y las piernas. Al principio, causa problemas musculares leves. Algunas personas notan problemas para:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Caminar o correr &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Escribir &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hablar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Tarde o temprano, la persona pierde la fuerza y no puede moverse. Cuando comienzan a fallar los músculos del pecho, la respiración se dificulta. El uso de un respirador puede ayudar, pero la mayoría de las personas con esta enfermedad fallece por insuficiencia respiratoria.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad suele atacar entre los 40 y los 60 años y es más común entre los hombres que entre las mujeres. No se conoce la causa de la enfermedad. Puede ser parte de una tendencia familiar, pero generalmente se presenta aleatoriamente. No existe una cura. Las medicinas pueden aliviar los síntomas y, algunas veces, prolongar la supervivencia. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="135" language="English">Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>ELA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad de Lou Gehrig</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lou Gehrig, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Diagnóstico de ELA" url="http://www.alsa.org/en-espanol/el-diagnstico-de-ela.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación ALS</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de las motoneuronas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedades-de-las-motoneuronas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/esclerosis-lateral-amiotrofica-ela" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/als.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/als.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000688.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ALS)" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_ALS_Spanish_0.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://mda.org/disease/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/overview">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354027?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progresos en ELA: Develar las causas y encontrar tratamientos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/progresos-en-ela" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/05/advances-als">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas iniciales de la ELA" url="http://www.alsa.org/en-espanol/sintomas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.als.org/understanding-als/symptoms-diagnosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Asociación ALS</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad del sistema nervioso que afecta al cerebro y la médula espinal. Aquí síntomas y su control." title="Esclerosis múltiple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html" id="2041" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La esclerosis múltiple es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad del sistema nervioso&lt;/a&gt; que afecta al cerebro y la médula espinal. Lesiona la vaina de mielina, el material que rodea y protege las células nerviosas. La lesión hace más lentos o bloquea los mensajes entre el cerebro y el cuerpo, conduciendo a los síntomas de la esclerosis múltiple. Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Alteraciones de la vista &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Debilidad muscular &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con la coordinación y el equilibrio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sensaciones como entumecimiento, picazón o pinchazos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la esclerosis múltiple. Puede ser una enfermedad autoinmune, que ocurre cuando el cuerpo se ataca a sí mismo. La esclerosis múltiple afecta más a las mujeres que a los hombres. Suele comenzar entre los 20 y los 40 años. En general, la enfermedad es leve, pero algunas personas pierden la capacidad para escribir, hablar o caminar. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para la esclerosis múltiple. Los profesionales de la salud utilizan su historia clínica, examen físico, pruebas neurológicas, resonancia magnética y otros métodos para diagnosticarla. No tiene cura, pero las medicinas pueden hacer más lento el proceso y ayudar a controlar los síntomas. La fisioterapia y la terapia ocupacional también pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html" id="83" language="English">Multiple Sclerosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta tras esclerosis múltiple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000129.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bandas oligoclonales en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003631.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003631.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis múltiple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000737.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis múltiple" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esclerosis-multiple-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/multiple-sclerosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis múltiple (diagnóstico)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100145_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100145_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis múltiple: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350274?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis múltiple: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/esclerosis-multiple-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/multiple-sclerosis-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis múltiple: Lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/esclerosis-multiple-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/multiple-sclerosis-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis múltiple: ¿Puede provocar convulsiones?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/multiple-sclerosis/faq-20058138?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/multiple-sclerosis/FAQ-20058138?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="John King de CNN no permitirá que la esclerosis múltiple lo detenga" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/john-king-de-cnn-no-permitira-que-la-esclerosis-multiple-lo-detenga" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cnns-john-king-isnt-letting-multiple-sclerosis-slow-him-down">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de la esclerosis múltiple" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/manejo-de-la-esclerosis-multiple" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/01/managing-multiple-sclerosis">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mioclono palatino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001637.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mioclonos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/mioclonos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuritis óptica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000741.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuromielitis óptica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuromielitis-optica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuromyelitis-optica">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obteniendo una visita exitosa con el médico" url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cJ2dQJN2hMQ">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Nacional de Esclerosis Múltiple</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programa de cuidado diario del intestino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína básica de mielina en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003370.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta auditiva provocada del tronco encefálico (BAER)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003926.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobre el embarazo (y la esclerosis múltiple)" url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wGRXwbG_gog">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Nacional de Esclerosis Múltiple</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D y esclerosis múltiple: ¿Hay alguna conexión?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/faq-20058258?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/FAQ-20058258?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índice de IgG en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/indice-de-igg-en-lcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/csf-immunoglobulin-g-igg-index/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La esclerosis tuberosa es un trastorno genético raro que causa el crecimiento de tumores no cancerosos en el cerebro y otros órganos. Control de síntomas." title="Esclerosis tuberosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberoussclerosis.html" id="2207" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La esclerosis tuberosa es un trastorno genético raro que causa el crecimiento de tumores no cancerosos en el cerebro y otros órganos. Los síntomas varían dependiendo de la ubicación de los tumores. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con la piel, como zonas de piel claras y gruesas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Convulsiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de conducta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Discapacidades del aprendizaje &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas renales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas presentan signos de esclerosis tuberosa al momento de nacer. En otras el desarrollo de los síntomas puede tomarse más tiempo. La enfermedad puede ser leve en algunos casos o provocar severas limitaciones. En casos raros, los tumores en los órganos vitales u otros síntomas pueden amenazar la vida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La esclerosis tuberosa no tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a disminuir los síntomas. Las opciones incluyen medicinas, terapia educacional y ocupacional, cirugía para la afección o para tratar complicaciones específicas. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberoussclerosis.html" id="1375" language="English">Tuberous Sclerosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Complejo de esclerosis tuberosa" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17041/el-complejo-de-esclerosis-tuberosa/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis tuberosa" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esclerosis-tuberosa-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/tuberous-sclerosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis tuberosa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/esclerosis-tuberosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/tuberous-sclerosis-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis tuberosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000787.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis tuberosa (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tuberous-sclerosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tuberous-sclerosis.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esclerosis tuberosa: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tuberous-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20365971?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La escoliosis causa una curvatura hacia los lados de la columna vertebral. Infórmese sobre diagnóstico y tratamientos. " title="Escoliosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html" id="2139" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Curvatura de la columna</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La escoliosis causa una curvatura hacia los lados de la columna vertebral o espina dorsal. Las curvas suelen tener forma de S o de C. La escoliosis es más común al final de la niñez y el inicio de la adolescencia, cuando el crecimiento es más rápido. Las niñas suelen tenerla más que los varones. Suele ser hereditaria. Los síntomas incluyen inclinación hacia un lado y tener hombros y caderas desiguales. A veces es fácil notar los síntomas, pero no siempre.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los niños pueden tener un examen para detectar escoliosis en la escuela o durante un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html"&gt;chequeo médico&lt;/a&gt;. Si parece que hay un problema, los médicos usarán su historia clínica y familiar, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen para diagnosticarla.  El tratamiento depende de su edad, cuánto más es probable que crezca, cuán marcada es la curva y si la curva es temporal o permanente. Las personas con escoliosis leve pueden necesitar solamente chequeos para ver si la curva está empeorando. Otros podrían necesitar usar un corsé o someterse a una cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html" id="395" language="English">Scoliosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<site title="Artrodesis vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de escoliosis en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007383.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007383.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escoliosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/escoliosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/scoliosis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escoliosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/scoliosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/scoliosis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escoliosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001241.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001241.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escoliosis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scoliosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scoliosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escoliosis en los niños y los adolescentes" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/escoliosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/scoliosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fusión espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007354.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracción cervical con halo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad crónica del esófago que  puede provocar dolor, problemas para tragar y el atascamiento de comida en la garganta." title="Esofagitis eosinofílica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" id="6968" language="Spanish" date-created="07/13/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la esofagitis eosinofílica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad crónica del esófago. Su esófago es el tubo muscular que transporta alimentos y líquidos desde la boca hasta el estómago. Si tiene esofagitis eosinofílica, unos glóbulos blancos llamados eosinófilos se acumulan en su esófago. Esto causa daño e inflamación, problemas para tragar y el atascamiento de comida en la garganta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La esofagitis eosinofílica no es común, pero debido a que es una enfermedad reconocida hace poco, está siendo diagnosticada más a menudo. Algunas personas que piensan que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; pueden tener esofagitis eosinofílica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la esofagitis eosinofílica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no están seguros sobre la causa exacta de esofagitis eosinofílica. Creen que es una reacción del sistema inmunitario o alérgica a alimentos o sustancias en su entorno como ácaros del polvo, caspa de animales, polen y moho. Ciertos genes también pueden desempeñar un papel en ella.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener esofagitis eosinofílica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La esofagitis eosinofílica puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más común en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hombres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con otras alergias, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html"&gt;fiebre del heno&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html"&gt;eccema&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html"&gt;alergias alimentarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con familiares con esofagitis eosinofílica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la esofagitis eosinofílica?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas más comunes de la esofagitis eosinofílica pueden depender de su edad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En bebés y niños pequeños los síntomas son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de alimentación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Poco aumento de peso y crecimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html"&gt;Reflujo&lt;/a&gt; que no mejora con medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En niños mayores:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;, en especial alimentos sólidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html"&gt;Reflujo&lt;/a&gt; que no mejora con medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poco apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En adultos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas para tragar, en especial alimentos sólidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La comida se atasca en el esófago (se atraganta)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reflujo que no mejora con medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;Acidez&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la esofagitis eosinofílica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene esofagitis eosinofílica, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntarle sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica:&lt;/strong&gt; Dado que otras afecciones pueden tener los mismos síntomas, es importante que su médico haga una historia clínica completa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer una endoscopia gastrointestinal superior:&lt;/strong&gt; Un endoscopio tiene una cámara diminuta al final de un tubo largo y delgado. Su médico insertará el endoscopio por su esófago para observarlo. Algunos signos de esofagitis eosinofílica incluyen manchas blancas, anillos, estrechamiento e inflamación en el esófago. Sin embargo, no todas las personas tienen esos signos y algunas veces pueden ser señales de otro trastorno del esófago&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer una biopsia:&lt;/strong&gt; Durante la endoscopía, el médico tomará pequeñas muestras de tejido de su esófago. En estas muestras se  busca cantidades elevadas de eosinófilos. Esta es la única forma de hacer un diagnóstico de esofagitis eosinofílica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer otras pruebas si es necesario:&lt;/strong&gt; Es posible que le pidan un análisis de sangre para verificar otras afecciones. Si tiene esofagitis eosinofílica, es posible que le hagan un análisis de sangre u otros tipos de pruebas para detectar alergias específicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la esofagitis eosinofílica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para la esofagitis eosinofílica. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar con sus síntomas y evitar daños mayores. Los dos tipos principales de tratamientos son medicamentos y dieta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos utilizados para tratarla son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Corticoides:&lt;/strong&gt; Pueden ayudar a controlar la inflamación. Por lo general, estos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; (esteroides) tópicos (de aplicación directa), que se toman a través de un inhalador o en forma líquida. En ocasiones, los médicos recetan esteroides orales (píldoras) para tratar a las personas que tienen problemas graves de deglución o pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Supresores de ácido como inhibidores de la bomba de protones:&lt;/strong&gt; Pueden ayudar con los síntomas de reflujo y disminuir la inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anticuerpos monoclonales:&lt;/strong&gt; Pueden reducir la inflamación y ayudar a tragar. Se pueden usar en adultos y niños mayores de 12 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los cambios en la dieta incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieta de eliminación:&lt;/strong&gt; Si está haciendo una dieta de eliminación, usted no come ni bebe ciertos alimentos y bebidas durante varias semanas. Si se siente mejor, va agregando los alimentos a su dieta uno por uno. Además, se le realizarán varias endoscopias para ver si está tolerando esas comidas o no. Hay diferentes tipos de dietas de eliminación:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un tipo: Le hacen una prueba de alergia. Una vez que saben a qué alimentos usted es alérgico, deja de comer esos alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otro tipo: Deja de comer alimentos y bebidas que comúnmente causan alergias, como productos lácteos, huevo, trigo, soja, maní, nueces y pescados/mariscos&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieta elemental:&lt;/strong&gt; Con esta dieta deja de comer y beber todos los alimentos con proteínas. En su lugar, bebe una fórmula de aminoácidos. Algunas personas que no les gusta el sabor de la fórmula usan un tubo de alimentación. Si sus síntomas e inflamación desaparecen por completo, puede intentar volver a agregar alimentos uno por uno, para ver si puede tolerarlos&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento que recomiende su profesional de la salud depende de diferentes factores, incluida su edad. Algunas personas pueden usar más de un tipo de tratamiento. Los investigadores todavía están tratando de entender la esofagitis eosinofílica y la mejor forma de tratarla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su tratamiento no está funcionando bien y tiene un estrechamiento  (se hace más angosto) del esófago, es posible que necesite dilatación. Este es un procedimiento para ensanchar  el esófago, lo que hace más fácil tragar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" id="6967" language="English">Eosinophilic Esophagitis</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007717.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372197?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372197?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/esofagitis-eosinofilica-(ee)-eosinophilic-esophagi" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eosinophilic-esophagitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eosinophilic-esophagitis.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis eosinofílica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372203?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372203?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Early esophageal cancer does not have symptoms. Factors that increase risk include heavy drinking and smoking. Learn how you can reduce your risk. " title="Esophageal Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html" id="245" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The esophagus is a hollow tube that carries food and liquids from your throat to your stomach.  Early esophageal cancer usually does not cause symptoms. Later, you may have symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful or difficult swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A hoarse voice or cough that doesn't go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You're at greater risk for getting esophageal cancer if you smoke, drink heavily, or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;acid reflux&lt;/a&gt;. Your risk also goes up as you age&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Your doctor uses imaging tests and a biopsy to diagnose esophageal cancer.  Treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.  You might also need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html"&gt;nutritional support&lt;/a&gt;, since the cancer or treatment may make it hard to swallow.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html" id="1889" language="Spanish">Cáncer de esófago</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004938">Esophageal Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html" id="246">Esophagus Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barrett's Esophagus" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/barretts-esophagus">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Esophageal Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer of the Esophagus" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/esoph.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Esophageal Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/child-esophageal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Esophageal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Esophageal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Coughing up blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and eating after esophagectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/esophageal">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Cancer" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/lung-esophageal-and-other-chest-diseases/esophageal-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/pulm%C3%B3n-es%C3%B3fago-y-otras-enfermedades-del-pecho/c%C3%A1ncer-de-es%C3%B3fago">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000283.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/prevencion-esofago-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-screening-pdq#_19" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/deteccion-esofago-pdq#section/_19">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophagectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophagectomy - minimally invasive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007396.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophagectomy - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007397.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-treatment-pdq#_107" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-pdq#_107">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as an Esophagus Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preoperative Chemotherapy, Radiation Improve Survival in Esophageal Cancer (Updated)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/research/preop-treatment-improves-survival">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Esophageal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask About Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Esophageal Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-screening-pdq#_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/deteccion-esofago-pdq#section/_29">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-treatment-pdq#_129" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-pdq#_129">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Supportive Therapy for Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/tratamiento/terapia-paliativa.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Esophageal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Esophageal Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-treatment-pdq#_159" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/esofago/paciente/tratamiento-esofago-pdq#_159">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cancer of the Esophagus?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/about/what-is-cancer-of-the-esophagus.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-esofago.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Esophageal Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/esophagus-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-esofago/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You esophagus is the tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach. Esophagus problems include GERD (reflux), cancer, esophagitis, and spasms. Learn about symptoms and treatments." title="Esophagus Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html" id="246" language="English" date-created="12/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something too large, too hot, or too cold. You may also notice it when something is wrong. You may feel pain or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common problem with the esophagus is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; (gastroesophageal reflux disease). With GERD, a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus and irritate it. Over time, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus.&lt;/p&gt; 
 
&lt;p&gt;Other problems include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;heartburn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html"&gt;eosinophilic esophagitis&lt;/a&gt;. Doctors may use various tests to make a diagnosis. These include imaging tests, an upper endoscopy, and a biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the problem. Some problems get better with over-the-counter medicines or changes in diet. Others may need prescription medicines or surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html" id="1890" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del esófago</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004935">Esophageal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" id="6967">Eosinophilic Esophagitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html" id="245">Esophageal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512">GERD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1309">Swallowing Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Achalasia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Barrett's Esophagus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cardiospasm</see-reference>
<site title="Achalasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000267.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achalasia - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100143_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100143_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achalasia and Esophageal Motility Disorders" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/lung-esophageal-and-other-chest-diseases/achalasia-and-esophageal-motility-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/pulm%C3%B3n-es%C3%B3fago-y-otras-enfermedades-del-pecho/acalasia-y-trastornos-de-la-motilidad-esof%C3%A1gica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium Swallow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Barrett esophagus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001143.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barrett's Esophagus" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/barretts-esophagus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bile Reflux" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bile-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20370115?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding esophageal varices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000268.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Barrett Esophagus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Barrett+Esophagus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Esophageal Achalasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Esophageal+Achalasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Esophageal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Esophageal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and eating after esophagectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000294.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="EGD discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000961.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/esophageal-atresia-and-tracheoesophageal-fistula/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/atresia-esofagica-y-fistula-traqueoesofagica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/esophageal-atresia-tracheoesophageal-fistula">
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<site title="Esophageal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003764.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Esophageal perforation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000231.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal pH monitoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003401.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Esophageal pH Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/esophageal-ph-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ph-esofagico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<site title="Esophageal spasm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000289.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Spasms" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1">
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<site title="Esophageal stricture - benign" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000207.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Varices" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-varices/symptoms-causes/syc-20351538?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Esophagectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000241.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Esophagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001153.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a SAGES Surgeon" url="https://www.sages.org/public-search/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flushable reagent stool blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007007.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="GERD: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Globus" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/globus/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious esophagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000646.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower esophageal ring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000208.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Mallory-Weiss tear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000269.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Esophagus" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/overview-of-the-esophagus" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-esof%C3%A1gicos-y-de-la-degluci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-al-es%C3%B3fago">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophagus Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Esophageal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Reflux in Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Reflux in Infants: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100103_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100103_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triple A syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/triple-a-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Esophageal Manometry" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-esophageal-manometry" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-manometr%C3%ADa-esof%C3%A1gica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
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<site title="Upper GI and small bowel series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
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<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="X-Ray Exam: Neck" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La espina bífida es un defecto del tubo neural. Tomar ácido fólico puede reducir el riesgo. Siga informándose aquí. " title="Espina bífida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html" id="2162" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La espina bífida es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;defecto del tubo neural&lt;/a&gt;, un tipo de defecto congénito del cerebro, la columna vertebral o de la médula espinal. Ocurre si la columna vertebral del feto no se cierra completamente durante el primer mes de embarazo. Esto puede dañar los nervios y la médula espinal. Pruebas de detección durante el embarazo pueden diagnosticar espina bífida. A veces se descubre sólo después del nacimiento del bebé. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la espina bífida varían de persona a persona. La mayoría de las personas con espina bífida poseen una inteligencia normal. Otras necesitan dispositivos de asistencia, como aparatos ortopédicos, muletas o sillas de ruedas. También pueden presentar dificultades de aprendizaje, problemas urinarios e intestinales o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html"&gt;hidrocefalia&lt;/a&gt;, una acumulación de líquido en el cerebro. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa exacta de la espina bífida, aunque parece presentarse en  familias. Tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt;  puede reducir el riesgo de tener un bebé con espina bífida, y éste se encuentra en la mayoría de los suplementos multivitamínicos. Las mujeres que pueden quedar embarazadas deben tomarlo a diario. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html" id="1319" language="English">Spina Bifida</language-mapped-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html" id="2050">Defectos del tubo neural</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html" id="6165">Malformaciones de Chiari</related-topic>
<site title="Alfa fetoproteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/amniocentesis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/amniocentesis.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de la sangre materna" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/analisis-de-la-sangre-materna.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo enseñar a ir al baño a los niños con espina bífida" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/bano-al-nino/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión y ansiedad" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Depresion-y-Ansiedad.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://spinabifidaassociation.org/blog/infosheets/depression-and-anxiety/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Educación y los niños con espina bífida" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/la-educacion-y-los-ninos/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espina bífida" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/espina-bifida" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/spina-bifida-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espina bífida" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/espina-bifida.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espina bífida (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spina-bifida.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spina-bifida.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espina bífida oculta" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Espina-Bifida-Oculta.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/occulta/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espina bífida: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spina-bifida/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377865?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espina bífida: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spina-bifida/symptoms-causes/syc-20377860?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genética y la espina bífida" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Genetica.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/genetics-spina-bifida/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guía para futuros padres" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Guia-Para-Futuros-Padres.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia y las derivaciones en la persona con espina bífida" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Hydrocefalia-y-Derivaciones.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/hydrocephalus-and-shunts/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo branquial en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001558.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100128_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100128_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielomeningocele (espina bífida aperta)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/myelomeningocele.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/myelomeningocele.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de AFP (alfafetoproteína)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección durante el embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pruebas-de-deteccion-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/pregnancy-newborns/fetal-health/triple-screening-in-pregnancy.printerview.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de meningocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003020.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la espina bífida y los trastornos relacionados?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinabifida/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinabifida/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud la espina bífida?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinabifida/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinabifida/conditioninfo/diagnose">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Hay enfermedades o trastornos asociados con la espina bífida?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinabifida/informacion/asociados" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinabifida/conditioninfo/disorders-conditions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La espondilitis anquilosante es un tipo de artritis de la columna vertebral. Provoca inflamación entre las vértebras. Síntomas y control. " title="Espondilitis anquilosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="1748" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Espondilitis reumatoide</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La espondilitis anquilosante es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt; de la columna vertebral. Provoca hinchazón entre las vértebras, que son los discos que forman la columna vertebral, y las articulaciones entre la columna y la pelvis. En algunas personas puede afectar otras articulaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La espondilitis anquilosante es más común y más grave entre los hombres. Suele ser hereditaria. Se desconoce su causa, pero es probable que tanto genes y factores medioambientales jueguen un rol en su aparición.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas prematuros incluyen dolor y rigidez en la espalda. Estos problemas suelen empezar justo después de la adolescencia o al inicio de la adultez. Con el tiempo, la espondilitis anquilosante puede fusionar sus vértebras y limitar los movimientos. Algunas personas presentan síntomas que aparecen y desaparecen, mientras otras padecen dolor severo y constante. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El diagnóstico se hace basado en su historia clínica y un examen físico. También pueden realizarse exámenes de imagen y de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad no tiene cura, pero las medicinas pueden aliviar los síntomas y evitar que empeore.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Alimentarse con una dieta sana, no fumar y hacer ejercicio también puede ayudarle. En casos aislados, usted podría necesitar cirugía para enderezar la columna. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="143" language="English">Ankylosing Spondylitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="2128">Artritis reumatoide</related-topic>
<site title="AINEs: Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/aines-medicamentos-antiinflamatorios-no-esteroides" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/nsaids-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antígeno HLA-B27" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003551.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espondilitis anquilosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000420.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immune.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uveítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la espondilitis anquilosante?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/espondilitis-anquilosante">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas con esquizofrenia pueden escuchar voces que no existen y creer que otras personas quieren lastimarlos. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamiento." title="Esquizofrenia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html" id="2136" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad cerebral grave. Las personas que la padecen pueden escuchar voces que no están allí. Ellos pueden pensar que otras personas quieren hacerles daño. A veces no tiene sentido cuando hablan. Este trastorno hace que sea difícil para ellos mantener un trabajo o cuidar de sí mismos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la esquizofrenia suelen comenzar entre los 16 y 30 años. Los hombres a menudo desarrollan síntomas a una edad más temprana que las mujeres. Por lo general no se desarrolla después de los 45 años. Hay tres tipos de síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Síntomas psicóticos distorsionan el pensamiento de una persona. Estos incluyen alucinaciones (ver o escuchar cosas que no existen), delirios (creencias que no son ciertas), dificultad para organizar pensamientos y movimientos extraños &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Síntomas "negativos" hacen que sea difícil mostrar las emociones y tener una conducta normal. Una persona puede parecer deprimida y retraída. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Síntomas cognitivos afectan el proceso de pensamiento. Estos incluyen problemas para usar información, la toma de decisiones, y prestar atención. &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la esquizofrenia. Sus genes, el medio ambiente y la química del cerebro pueden tener un rol.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar muchos de los síntomas. Es posible que deba probar diferentes medicamentos para ver cuál funciona mejor. Deben permanecer en tratamiento durante el tiempo que su médico lo recomienda. Los tratamientos adicionales pueden ayudarle día a día a lidiar con la enfermedad. Estos incluyen la terapia, educación familiar, la rehabilitación y la capacitación profesional.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html" id="392" language="English">Schizophrenia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<site title="Alucinaciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003258.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender qué es la psicosis" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-comprender-que-es-la-psicosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esquizofrenia" url="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Images/FactSheets/Spanish_Schizophrenia_(esquizofrenia).pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esquizofrenia" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/la-esquizofrenia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esquizofrenia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000928.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esquizofrenia en los niños" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/La-Esquizofrenia-en-los-Ninos-049.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esquizofrenia infantil" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354483?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esquizofrenia: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://mhanational.org/esquizofrenia-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del estado mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proveedores de atención de la salud mental: consejos para encontrar uno" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno esquizoafectivo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno esquizoafectivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las estadísticas de salud son cifras sobre algún aspecto de la salud. Los investigadores las usan para ver patrones de enfermedades en grupos de personas." title="Estadísticas de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthstatistics.html" id="1938" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las estadísticas de salud son cifras que resumen la información relacionada con la salud. Investigadores y expertos de agencias y organizaciones de gobierno, privadas y sin fines de lucro recopilan estadísticas de salud y las utilizan para aprender sobre salud pública y atención médica. Algunos de los tipos de estadísticas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas en el país tienen una enfermedad o cuántas personas la contrajeron en un determinado período de tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas de cierto grupo tienen una enfermedad. Los grupos pueden basarse en ubicación, raza, grupo étnico, sexo, edad, profesión, nivel de ingresos o nivel de educación. Esto puede ayudar a identificar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthdisparities.html"&gt;disparidades de la salud&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si un tratamiento es seguro y efectivo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas nacieron y murieron, las que se conocen como estadísticas vitales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuántas personas tienen acceso y usan la atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La calidad y eficiencia de nuestro sistema de salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Costos de atención médica, incluyendo cuánto paga el gobierno, los empleadores y las personas por la atención médica. Puede incluir cómo la mala salud puede afectar económicamente al país&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El impacto de los programas y políticas gubernamentales en la salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Factores de riesgo para diferentes enfermedades. Por ejemplo, cómo la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;contaminación del aire&lt;/a&gt; puede aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades pulmonares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Formas de reducir el riesgo de enfermedades, como hacer ejercicio y perder peso para reducir el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los números en un gráfico o en un cuadro pueden parecer sencillos, pero no siempre es así. Es importante ser crítico y considerar la fuente. Si es necesario, haga preguntas que le ayuden a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html"&gt;comprender&lt;/a&gt; las estadísticas y lo que están mostrando.


&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthstatistics.html" id="275" language="English">Health Statistics</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3895">Comprendiendo la investigación médica</related-topic>
<site title="10 principales causas de defunción" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mortalidad materna" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muerte de niños y adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001915.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001915.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perfil de los hispanos/latinos" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/es/perfil-de-los-hispanoslatinos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos, Oficina de Salud de las Minorías</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las estatinas son medicamentos para bajar el colesterol. Entérese sobre la pravastina, simvastatina, la atorvastatina y cómo tomarlas." title="Estatinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" id="4910" language="Spanish" date-created="07/15/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su organismo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colesterol se produce en su hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, colesterol de baja densidad, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt; lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias.  El colesterol de alta densidad, o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt; en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las estatinas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las estatinas son un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamento para el colesterol&lt;/a&gt;. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarlos si tiene el colesterol alto y los cambios en su estilo de vida no bajan lo suficiente su colesterol. Las estatinas son los medicamentos más comunes utilizados para tratar el colesterol alto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo bajan el colesterol las estatinas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las estatinas reducen el colesterol LDL al disminuir la cantidad de colesterol que produce el hígado. También aumentan la capacidad del hígado para eliminar el colesterol LDL que ya se encuentra en la sangre. Esto puede retardar la formación de placa en las arterias. Los estudios han demostrado que las estatinas reducen el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; y accidente cerebrovascular en personas con colesterol LDL alto.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las estatinas también pueden reducir su nivel de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;. Los triglicéridos son otro tipo de grasa en la sangre que puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad del corazón. Las estatinas también pueden aumentar el colesterol HDL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos de tomar estatinas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, las estatinas no causan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios&lt;/a&gt;, pero pueden aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;. Sin embargo, esto ocurre principalmente en personas que ya tienen un alto riesgo de diabetes, como aquellas que tienen sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las estatinas también pueden causar resultados anormales en las pruebas de enzimas hepáticas, pero el daño real al hígado es muy raro. Otro efecto secundario poco común es daño muscular. En casos raros, este daño a los músculos puede causar dolor muscular y daño renal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No debe tomar estatinas si está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazada&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;amamantando&lt;/a&gt;. Tampoco se recomiendan para personas que tienen ciertos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del hígado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo tomar estatinas de forma segura?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para tomar estatinas de forma segura, usted debe:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tomar su estatina según lo recetado&lt;/strong&gt;: No debe dejar de tomar este medicamento por su cuenta, ya que esto puede provocar un problema grave o, en casos raros, incluso causar la muerte. Hable con su profesional de la salud si tiene preguntas sobre su estatina o si desea suspenderla o cambiarla a un tratamiento diferente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pregúntele a su proveedor de atención médica qué otros medicamentos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplementos&lt;/a&gt; o alimentos debe evitar&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunos de estos pueden interactuar con las estatinas y causar efectos secundarios graves o hacer que las estatinas sean menos efectivas. Por ejemplo, la toronja o pomelo (fresco o en jugo) afecta la forma en que el hígado descompone algunas estatinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informe a su proveedor sobre cualquier síntoma o efecto secundario que tenga&lt;/strong&gt;: A veces, las personas informan problemas musculares mientras toman estatinas. Si comienza a tener dolor muscular, su proveedor puede solicitar pruebas de sangre para detectar daño muscular. El dolor puede desaparecer si cambia a una estatina diferente. El daño muscular causado por las estatinas es poco común y sus músculos pueden sanar cuando cambia a un medicamento diferente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" id="4909" language="English">Statins</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo tomar las estatinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de las estatinas: Considera los beneficios y los riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statin-side-effects/art-20046013?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statin-side-effects/ART-20046013?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estatinas (reductores del colesterol)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/estatinas-reductores-del-colesterol/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estatinas: ¿Causan esclerosis lateral amiotrófica?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/statins/faq-20058141?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/statins/FAQ-20058141?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estatinas: ¿Estos medicamentos para bajar el colesterol son los apropiados para ti?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statins/art-20045772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statins/ART-20045772?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rabdomiólisis por estatinas: ¿Cuál es el riesgo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/rhabdomyolysis/faq-20057817?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/rhabdomyolysis/FAQ-20057817?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Su colesterol" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/su-colesterol" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/cholesterol-and-statins-infographic">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento farmacológico para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La estenosis espinal causa un estrechamiento en la columna. Este puede ocurrir en el centro de la columna, en los canales y/o entre las vértebras." title="Estenosis espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html" id="2166" language="Spanish" date-created="03/09/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La columna protege la médula espinal y le permite mantenerse de pie e inclinarse. La estenosis espinal causa un estrechamiento en la columna. El estrechamiento ejerce presión sobre los nervios y la médula espinal y provoca dolor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La estenosis espinal ocurre principalmente en personas mayores de 50 años. Las personas más jóvenes con un traumatismo de columna o un canal vertebral estrecho también corren un mayor riesgo. Las enfermedades como la artritis y la escoliosis también pueden causar estenosis espinal. Los síntomas pueden aparecer gradualmente o no presentarse. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor en el cuello o la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento, debilidad o dolor en los brazos o las piernas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor que baja por la pierna&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican la estenosis espinal con un examen físico y pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, fisioterapia, aparatos ortopédicos y cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html" id="412" language="English">Spinal Stenosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766">Dolor de espalda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2165">Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de la columna vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrodesis vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100119_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100119_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de espalda: ¿cuándo es una buena idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la columna cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100133_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100133_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis del canal espinal lumbar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/estenosis-del-canal-espinal-lumbar-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/lumbar-spinal-canal-stenosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis del conducto vertebral" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352961?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352961?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis espinal" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/estenosis-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/spinal-stenosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis espinal" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/estenosis-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/spinal-stenosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis raquídea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000441.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foraminotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007390.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones epidurales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones vertebrales" url="https://www.spine.org/Portals/0/assets/downloads/KnowYourBack/InjectionsSpanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laminectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007389.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntarle al cirujano acerca de la cirugía de la columna vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000971.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007350.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Estas pensando en aumentar tu musculatura tomando esteroides anabólicos? Entérate sobre los problemas que pueden causar." title="Esteroides anabólicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html" id="1740" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Esteroides anabolizantes</also-called>
<also-called>Esteroides anabólico-androgénicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los esteroides anabólicos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los esteroides anabólicos son versiones sintéticas (artificiales) de testosterona, la principal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormona&lt;/a&gt; sexual en los hombres. Es necesaria para desarrollar y mantener las características sexuales masculinas, como el vello facial, la voz profunda y el crecimiento muscular. Las mujeres tienen algo de testosterona en sus cuerpos, pero en cantidades mucho menores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Para qué se usan los esteroides anabólicos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud usan esteroides anabólicos para tratar algunos problemas hormonales en los hombres, retraso de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html"&gt;pubertad&lt;/a&gt; y pérdida muscular por algunas enfermedades. Pero algunas personas hacen un mal uso de los esteroides anabólicos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué algunas personas hacen un mal uso de los esteroides anabólicos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos físicoculturistas y atletas usan esteroides anabólicos para desarrollar músculos y mejorar el rendimiento deportivo. Pueden tomar los esteroides por vía oral, inyectarlos en los músculos o aplicar un gel o crema en la piel. Estas dosis pueden ser de 10 a 100 veces más altas que las utilizadas para tratar afecciones médicas. Usarlos de esta manera, sin una receta de un proveedor de atención médica, no es legal ni seguro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos en la salud del uso indebido de los esteroides anabólicos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El uso indebido de los esteroides anabólicos, especialmente durante un largo período de tiempo, se ha relacionado con muchos problemas de salud, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Acné&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Retraso en el crecimiento de adolescentes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;corazón&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades del hígado&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Daño renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comportamiento agresivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;	

&lt;p&gt;En los hombres, también puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html"&gt;Caída del cabello&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Crecimiento de los senos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bajo número de espermatozoides e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Encogimiento de los testículos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En las mujeres, también puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;ciclo menstrual&lt;/a&gt; (menstruación)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Crecimiento del vello corporal y facial&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Calvicie de patrón masculino&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Voz grave&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Son adictivos los esteroides anabólicos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A pesar de que no causan un estado de euforia, los esteroides anabólicos pueden ser adictivos. Puede tener síntomas de abstinencia si deja de usarlos, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Agitación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Disminución del deseo sexual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Compulsión por más esteroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;, que a veces puede ser grave e incluso llevar a intentos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La terapia conductual y los medicamentos pueden ser útiles para tratar la adicción a los esteroides anabólicos.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" id="136" language="English">Anabolic Steroids</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<site title="Abuso y adicción a los esteroides" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3-4O4nKvu0">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/drogas/esteroides" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs/steroids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Control de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides anabólicos y los deportes: Ganar a cualquier precio" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1242.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides anabólicos y otras drogas para mejorar la apariencia y el rendimiento" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/esteroides-anabolicos-y-otras-drogas-para-mejorar-la-apariencia-y-el-rendimiento-apeds" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/anabolic-steroids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides: ¿Vale la pena el riesgo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/steroids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/steroids.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para mejorar el rendimiento: Conoce los riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precaución: Los productos de fisicoculturismo pueden ser peligrosos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/precaucion-los-productos-de-fisicoculturismo-pueden-ser-peligrosos">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un estoma (u ostomía) es una abertura artificial en el cuerpo para permitir el paso de orina y heces. Aquí por qué se hace, tipos y cómo vivir con uno." title="Estomas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ostomy.html" id="3039" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una ostomía es una abertura artificial (estoma) creada quirúrgicamente desde el cuerpo hacia afuera para permitir el paso de orina y heces. Se usa para tratar ciertas enfermedades de los sistemas digestivos o urinarios. Puede ser permanente como cuando se extirpa un órgano o temporario como cuando un órgano necesita sanar. En general, se realiza en el intestino delgado, el colon, el recto o la vejiga.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos distintos de estomas. Algunos ejemplos son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ileostomía: la última parte del intestino delgado (ileum) se une al estoma evitando así el colon, recto y ano &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Colostomía: el colon es unido al estoma evitando así el recto y el ano &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Urostomía: los tubos que llevan la orina a la vejiga (uréteres) se unen al estoma evitando así la vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ostomy.html" id="3038" language="English">Ostomy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Ano contra natura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ostomía</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000074.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio de la bolsa de ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000072.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio de la bolsa de ostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000204.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002942.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de su estoma en caso de ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000071.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/derivacion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-diversion">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en fibra y residuos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía de colostomía" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias/colostomia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/colostomy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía de ileostomía" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias/ileostomia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/ileostomy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía de urostomía" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias/urostomia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/urostomy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007378.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomía y su dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000070.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomía y su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000069.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomía: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000227.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ostomía: Adaptarse a la vida después de una colostomía, ileostomía o urostomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/colon-cancer/in-depth/ostomy/art-20045825?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-cancer/in-depth/ostomy/ART-20045825?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ostomías" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/stomas-or-ostomies.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total con ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000073.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urostomía: Cuidado de la piel y del estoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000477.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida con una ostomía" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias/estomas-u-ostomias.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/stomas-or-ostomies/for-parents.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con su ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000075.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000075.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Cuándo es constipación ¿Qué remedios hay para el estreñimiento? Esto y mucho más en esta página." title="Estreñimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html" id="1835" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Constipación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Estreñimiento significa que una persona tiene tres o menos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html"&gt;evacuaciones&lt;/a&gt; en una semana. Las heces pueden ser duras y secas. Algunas veces la evacuación es dolorosa. Todas las personas tienen estreñimiento alguna vez. La mayoría de los casos, dura poco tiempo y no es serio. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchas cosas que puede hacer para prevenir el estreñimiento. Incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Comer más frutas, verduras y granos, que son ricos en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Beber abundante agua y otros líquidos  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hacer suficiente ejercicio  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tomarse el tiempo para evacuar cuando lo necesite  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Consumir laxantes solamente si el médico se los receta  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Preguntarle al médico si las medicinas que toma pueden causar el estreñimiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No es importante tener movimientos intestinales todos los días. Sin embargo, si observa cambios en sus hábitos intestinales consulte al médico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html" id="200" language="English">Constipation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html" id="3060">Fibra en la dieta</related-topic>
<see-reference>Constipación</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentación, dieta y nutrición para el estreñimiento en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos/alimentacion-dieta-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/eating-diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colectomía abdominal total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007379.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el estreñimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000120.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definición y hechos sobre el estreñimiento en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos/definicion-informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/definition-facts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del estreñimiento en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children/diagnosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/constipation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/constipation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/estrenimiento/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/estrenimiento-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/constipation/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
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<site title="Estreñimiento (adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/constipation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/constipation.html">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento (para los padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/constipation.html">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento en bebés y niños pequeños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003125.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000214.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra: Cómo aumentar la cantidad de fibra en su dieta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia fecal y estreñimiento en los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/estrenimiento-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laxantes de venta libre para tratar el estreñimiento: Úsalos con precaución" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/constipation/in-depth/laxatives/art-20045906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/constipation/in-depth/laxatives/ART-20045906?p=1">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Laxantes: Medicamentos de venta libre para el estreñimiento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/laxantes-medicamentos-de-venta-libre-para-el-estrenimiento/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber sobre el estreñimiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de eliminación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems/?adfree=true">
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<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
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<site title="Reeducación del esfínter anal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003971.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000230.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Síndrome de úlcera rectal solitaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenesmo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003131.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenga precaución al usar ciertos laxantes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-precaucion-al-usar-ciertos-laxantes">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="¿Es seguro tomar ablandadores de heces para tratar el estreñimiento durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Todo el mundo se siente estresado de vez en cuando. En esta página se informará de cómo afrontar el estrés, los tipos que existen y mucho más." title="Estrés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html" id="2175" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Tensión emocional</also-called>
<also-called>Tensión fisica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es estrés?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El estrés es la forma en que el cerebro y el cuerpo responden a un desafío o exigencia. Cuando está estresado, su cuerpo libera ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt;. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que se mueven por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan el funcionamiento de las diferentes partes del cuerpo. Las hormonas que se liberan cuando está estresado le ponen alerta y listo para actuar. Pueden aumentar la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca y los niveles de &lt;a href="../spanish/bloodglucose.html" tid="6122"&gt;glucosa (azúcar) en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;. Esta respuesta a veces se conoce como respuesta de "lucha o huida".&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Todos se estresan de vez en cuando. Existen diferentes tipos de estrés. Puede ser a corto o largo plazo. Puede ser causado por algo que sucede una vez o algo que ocurre reiteradamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todo el estrés es malo. De hecho, puede ayudarle a sobrevivir en una situación peligrosa. Por ejemplo, un tipo de estrés es el susto que puede sentir cuando un automóvil se detiene repentinamente frente a usted cuando está manejando. Esta alza de hormonas le ayuda a detenerse rápidamente para evitar un accidente. En ocasiones, un poco de estrés a corto plazo puede resultar útil. Por ejemplo, el estrés de tener una fecha límite para la escuela o su trabajo puede empujarle a terminar su trabajo a tiempo. Una vez que lo termina, ese estrés desaparece.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero el estrés que dura mucho tiempo puede dañar su salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el estrés a largo plazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El estrés a largo plazo, o estrés crónico, dura semanas, meses o más. A medida que vive su vida, su cuerpo actúa como si estuviera siendo amenazado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas del estrés a largo plazo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estrés de rutina&lt;/strong&gt; debido a las demandas del trabajo, la escuela, las necesidades familiares, los problemas económicos y otras presiones diarias que no terminan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estrés por cambios repentinos y difíciles en su vida&lt;/strong&gt;, como divorcio, enfermedad, pérdida de su trabajo u otros acontecimientos poco felices que a menudo tienen un impacto prolongado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estrés traumático&lt;/strong&gt;, que puede ocurrir cuando está en peligro de sufrir un daño grave o la muerte. Los ejemplos incluyen estar involucrado en un accidente grave, una guerra, una inundación, un terremoto u otro evento aterrador. Este tipo de estrés puede causar un problema de larga duración llamado &lt;a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099"&gt;trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puede dañar mi salud el estrés a largo plazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas responden al estrés de diferentes formas. Si está estresado durante mucho tiempo, puede notar que usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermarse con más frecuencia de lo habitual porque el estrés debilita la capacidad de su cuerpo para combatir los gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas de estómago o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html"&gt;dificultad para digerir los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse triste, enojado o molesto con facilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando el estrés continúa, su cuerpo actúa como si siempre estuviera en peligro. Esa es una gran cantidad de tensión que puede influir en el desarrollo de problemas de salud graves, que incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible acostumbrarse a los síntomas del estrés y ni siquiera darse cuenta de que hay un problema. Por lo mismo, cuando hay mucho estrés en su vida, es importante que preste atención a cómo le afecta para que pueda hacer algo al respecto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo manejar el estrés a largo plazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas cosas sencillas que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;mejoran su salud mental&lt;/a&gt; pueden ser útiles para controlar el estrés a largo plazo, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;Hacer ejercicio con regularidad&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Una caminata diaria de 30 minutos puede ayudarle a sentirse mejor y a mantener fuerte su sistema inmunitario, para que no se enferme&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Realizar actividades relajantes:&lt;/strong&gt; Puede buscar una aplicación o un programa de bienestar que utilice ejercicios de respiración, meditación o relajación muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir lo suficiente&lt;/a&gt; todas las noches&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evitar demasiada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decidir qué debe hacer ahora y qué puede esperar:&lt;/strong&gt; Céntrese en lo que hizo cada día, no en lo que no pudo hacer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solicitar apoyo a su familia o amigos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo debo pedirle ayuda a mi profesional de la salud por estrés?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obtenga ayuda si tiene síntomas graves durante 2 semanas o más, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en su alimentación que provocan cambios no deseados en su peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para levantarse de la cama debido a su estado de ánimo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para enfocar sus pensamientos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de interés en las cosas que normalmente disfruta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No poder realizar sus actividades diarias habituales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siempre busque ayuda de inmediato si el estrés está causando:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene pensamientos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Siente que no puede enfrentarlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consume drogas o alcohol con más frecuencia de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un especialista en salud mental, como un psicólogo o un trabajador social.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html" id="422" language="English">Stress</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html" id="1752">Ansiedad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="2099">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</related-topic>
<site title="Adolescentes y estrés: ¿Quién tiene tiempo para eso?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/adolescentes-y-estres-quien-tiene-tiempo-para-eso/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/teens-and-stress-who-has-time-for-it/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adopta una actitud asertiva: Reduce el estrés y comunícate mejor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/assertive/art-20044644?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/assertive/art-20044644?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agotamiento laboral: Cómo detectarlo y enfrentarlo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aliviando el estrés infantil" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviando-el-estres-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/buffering-childhood-stress">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayude a su hijo adolescente a lidiar con el estrés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000814.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000814.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Camino a la resiliencia (adaptabilidad)" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/camino?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco formas de afrontar los nervios anticipatorios" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/nerves.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nerves.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comecocos de papel: Juego de niños para afrontar el estrés" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/comecocos-de-papel" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress-catcher">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprendiendo el estrés crónico" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/estres-cronico?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del estrés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controla el estrés" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/salud-corazon/controla-estres" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/heart-health/manage-stress">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar el estrés" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stress-situations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stress-situations.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo el estrés provoca la aparición de canas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-el-estres-provoca-la-aparicion-de-canas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/04/how-stress-causes-gray-hair">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar el estrés diario" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/estres-como-afrontar-mejor-los-retos-de-la-vida/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/stress-how-to-cope-better-with-lifes-challenges/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se puede ayudar a los adolescentes con estrés" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Como%20se%20Puede%20Ayudar-a-los-Adolescentes-con-Estres-066.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Helping_Teenagers_With_Stress_66.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo superar el estrés laboral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000884.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distintos tipos de estrés" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/tipos?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress-kinds.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés (y el dolor de cabeza)" url="https://headaches.org/estres/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés en el lugar de trabajo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/estres-lugar?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés en el trabajo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/estres-trabajo?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/work-stress?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés en la niñez" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002059.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés infantil: Cómo pueden ayudar los padres" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stress.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stress.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/hoja-informativa-estres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/stress-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-estres/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y la presión arterial alta: ¿Cuál es la conexión?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/art-20044190?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/ART-20044190?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y su salud" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/stress-and-your-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/stress-and-your-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y su salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003211.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Historia del estrés" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/stress.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/stress.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Los adolescentes y el estrés: cuando es más que una preocupación" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-y-el-estres" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-and-stress-when-its-more-than-worry">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejar el estrés y desarrollar la resiliencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/manejar-el-estres-y-desarrollar-la-resiliencia">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del estrés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001942.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meditación: Una manera simple y rápida de reducir el estrés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Para adolescentes: Una guía personal para manejar el estrés" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Building-Resilience/Paginas/for-teens-a-personal-guide-for-managing-stress.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pensamiento positivo: Detén el diálogo interno negativo para reducir el estrés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-thinking/art-20043950?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-thinking/art-20043950?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Podemos prevenir la adversidad en la niñez" url="https://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/apps/aces-infographic/es/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer cuando te sientes estresado" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/5-steps.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relájese con los NIH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/relajese-con-los-nih" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/chill-out-with-the-nih">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resiliencia para los adolescentes: ¿Tienen capacidad de recuperación?" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/recuperacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/bounce-teens">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental/corporal: Estrés" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/estres?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de estrés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-symptoms/art-20050987?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-symptoms/art-20050987?p=1">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de adaptación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000932.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Técnicas de relajación para el estrés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000874.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Estoy tan estresado! hoja informativa" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/estoy-tan-estresado" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/so-stressed-out-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Hazle frente al estrés! (libro para colorear)" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/hazle-frente-al-estres" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stand-up-to-stress">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el estrés?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stress.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stress.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tan bien está manejando su estrés?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001942_73.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001942_13.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se siente estresado? Aliviar el estrés podría mejorar su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/se-siente-estresado">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se siente estresado? Maneras de mejorar su bienestar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/se-siente-estresado-0" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/01/feeling-stressed">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los ensayos clínicos son estudios de investigación que prueban qué tan bien pueden aplicarse los descubrimientos médicos a los pacientes. Más aquí." title="Estudios clínicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clinicaltrials.html" id="1826" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Ensayos clínicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los ensayos clínicos son estudios de investigación que prueban qué tan bien pueden aplicarse los descubrimientos médicos a los pacientes. Cada estudio responde preguntas científicas e intenta encontrar mejores formas de prevenir, examinar, diagnosticar o tratar una enfermedad. Los ensayos clínicos también pueden comparar un tratamiento nuevo con uno que ya se encuentra disponible. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada ensayo clínico tiene un protocolo o plan de acción para llevarlo a cabo. El plan describe lo que se hará en el estudio, cómo se hará y por qué cada parte del estudio es necesaria. Cada estudio tiene sus propias reglas acerca de quién puede participar. Algunos necesitan voluntarios con una determinada enfermedad, otros necesitan personas sanas y otros solamente solicitan hombres o mujeres. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un Consejo Institucional de Revisión (Institutional Review Board, IRB) revisa, supervisa y aprueba muchos de los ensayos clínicos. El IRB es un comité independiente de médicos, estadistas y miembros de la comunidad. Su rol es:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegurar que el estudio es ético&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proteger los derechos y el bienestar de los participantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegurar que los riesgos son razonables comparados con los beneficios potenciales&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En Estados Unidos, un estudio clínico tiene que tener un Consejo Institucional de Revisión si esta estudiando un medicamento, producto biológico o un equipo médico que la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) regula o si esta financiado o llevado a cabo por el gobierno federal.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/clinicaltrials.html" id="192" language="English">Clinical Trials</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3895">Comprendiendo la investigación médica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Estudios clínicos</see-reference>
<site title="Diversidad en los estudios clínicos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/diversidad-en-los-estudios-clinicos-hoja-informativa" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/clinical-trial-diversity">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos clínicos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/clinical-trials.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/clinical-trials.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos clínicos sobre la infección por el VIH/SIDA" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/ensayos-clinicos-sobre-la-infeccion-por-el-vihsida" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-clinical-trials">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos clínicos: Información para los participantes" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials/estudios-clinicos-informacion-para-los-participantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos de investigación clínica y usted" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-ensayos-de-investigacion-clinica-y-usted-preguntas-y-respuestas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/clinical-research-trials-and-you-questions-and-answers">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudios clínicos de cáncer en el Centro Clínico de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/centro-clinico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-center">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guía de ensayos clínicos para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000823.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía sobre ensayos clínicos para el paciente" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-trials/guia-para-el-paciente">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Investigación clínica: Glosario de términos comunes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/investigacion-clinica/glosario-de-terminos-comunes">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Participe en la investigación clínica" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/participe-en-la-investigacion-clinica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Programas e iniciativas de estudios clínicos del NCI (Instituto Nacional del Cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/estudios-clinicos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ser voluntario en estudios clínicos: Es su decisión" url="https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/ohrp/education/brochures/ohrp3panelspanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Videos sobre la investigación clínica" url="https://salud.nih.gov/investigacion-clinica/videos-sobre-la-investigacion-clinica">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Debería su hijo participar en un ensayo clínico?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/deberia-su-hijo-participar-en-un-ensayo-clinico" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-your-child-participate-clinical-trial">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es un estudio clínico lo indicado para usted?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/es-un-estudio-clinico-lo-indicado-para-usted" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/is-a-clinical-trial-right-for-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué los investigadores realizan distintos tipos de estudios clínicos?" url="https://testdomain2.nih.gov/sites/salud/files/2022-04/por-que-los-investigadores-realizan-distintos-tipos-de-estudios-clinicos.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un ensayo clínico?" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-a-clinical-trial-spanish.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-a-clinical-trial.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los estudios de investigación del cáncer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/que-son-los-estudios-de-investigacion-del-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/about-cancer-clinical-research">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Son seguros los estudios clínicos?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/estudios-clinicos/son-seguros-los-estudios-clinicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/safety#informed-consent">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué nos dicen las etiquetas de los alimentos? ¿Qué quieren decir? ¿Cómo pueden ayudarnos para nuestra nutrición? Entérese aquí. " title="Etiquetado de alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html" id="3757" language="Spanish" date-created="02/25/2004">
<also-called>Etiquetas en los envases de alimentos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos los alimentos y bebidas en Estados Unidos cuentan con etiquetas informativas. Estas etiquetas con información nutricional pueden ayudarle a elegir alimentos más sanos y consumir una dieta saludable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antes de leer la etiqueta informativa, usted debe saber algunas cosas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El &lt;strong&gt;tamaño de la porción&lt;/strong&gt; se basa en la cantidad que las personas en general comen y toman de una vez &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;porciones por envase&lt;/strong&gt; señalan cuántas porciones tiene el envase. Algunas etiquetas entregan información sobre calorías y nutrientes tanto para el paquete entero como para cada porción. Usted debe tomar en cuenta el tamaño de la porción al decidir cuánto consumir. Por ejemplo, si una botella de jugo contiene dos porciones y usted se toma toda la botella, está consumiendo el doble de azúcar que se detalla en la etiqueta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;% de valor diario&lt;/strong&gt; es una cifra que le ayuda a entender cuánto nutriente contiene cada porción. Los expertos recomiendan que usted obtenga cierta cantidad de nutrientes todos los días. El valor diario señala el porcentaje que usted obtiene por cada porción que consuma de ese alimento. Con esto, usted puede saber si un producto es alto o bajo en  nutrientes. 5% o menos es bajo, 20% o más es alto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El contenido de una etiqueta de información nutricional puede ayudarle a ver cómo el alimento se inserta en su dieta general. La etiqueta entrega información por porción de:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La cantidad de calorías&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;Grasas&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo total de grasa, grasa saturada y grasa trans&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;Colesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;Sodio&lt;/a&gt; (sal)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;Carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra&lt;/a&gt;, azúcares totales y azúcar añadida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;Proteínas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;  y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html" id="3756" language="English">Food Labeling</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910">Seguridad con los alimentos</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo leer las etiquetas de los alimentos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/como-leer-las-etiquetas-de-los-alimentos/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo leer las etiquetas de los alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etiquetado de los alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002459.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información nutricional: Lea la etiqueta (consejos para padres)" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128914/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128913/download">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leche y las alternativas a base de plantas: Conozca la diferencia de nutrientes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-leche-y-las-alternativas-base-de-plantas-conozca-la-diferencia-de-nutrientes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/milk-and-plant-based-milk-alternatives-know-nutrient-difference">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nueva perspectiva de lo que significa &quot;saludable&quot; en los paquetes de alimentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/una-nueva-perspectiva-de-lo-que-significa-saludable-en-los-paquetes-de-alimentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fresh-take-what-healthy-means-food-packages">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición: Cómo leer un rótulo de información nutricional" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutricion-como-leer-un-rotulo-de-informacion-nutricional/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodio en su dieta: Use la etiqueta de información nutricional y reduzca su consumo" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/el-sodio-en-su-dieta">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de la etiqueta de información nutricional: Para Adultos Mayores" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/uso-de-la-etiqueta-de-informacion-nutricional-para-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/using-nutrition-facts-label-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo entender la etiqueta de 'datos de nutrición'?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/how-can-i-read-food-labels_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/How-Do-I-Read-Food-Labels_UCM_430969_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué información se puede obtener a partir del nombre? Lo que todos los consumidores deben saber sobre los alimentos y los sabores" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-informacion-se-puede-obtener-partir-del-nombre-lo-que-todos-los-consumidores-deben-saber-sobre">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene alergias a los alimentos? Lea la etiqueta" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tiene-alergias-los-alimentos-lea-la-etiqueta" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/have-food-allergies-read-label">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Diarrea, estreñimiento e incontinencia pueden ser algunos problemas de evacuación de las heces. Otros problemas pueden ser un signo de problemas digestivos" title="Evacuación de las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html" id="5263" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2009">
<also-called>Defecación</also-called>
<also-called>Evacuación fecal</also-called>
<also-called>Ir de cuerpo</also-called>
<also-called>Mover el vientre</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La evacuación de las heces es el último paso de la comida en el camino por el tracto digestivo. Las heces salen del cuerpo a través del recto y del ano. Otro nombre para las heces es materia fecal o excremento. Las heces están hechas de lo que queda después de que el aparato digestivo (estómago, intestino delgado y colon) absorbe los nutrientes y líquidos de lo que usted comió y tomó.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, pueden surgir problemas en este proceso. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; ocurre cuando las heces pasan por el intestino largo muy rápidamente. También se puede sufrir de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;, que es cuando la materia fecal pasa a través del intestino muy lentamente. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;incontinencia fecal&lt;/a&gt; es un problema para controlar la evacuación de la materia fecal. Otras anormalidades con la evacuación de las heces pueden ser un signo de un problema digestivo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html" id="5262" language="English">Bowel Movement</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858">Diarrea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741">Enfermedades del ano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html" id="1835">Estreñimiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html" id="5317">Incontinencia fecal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Caca, Hacer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Deposiciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Heces, Evacuación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mover los intestinos</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color de las heces: Cuándo puede ser preocupante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/stool-color/expert-answers/faq-20058080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/stool-color/expert-answers/FAQ-20058080?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coprocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la piel e incontinencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003976.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener muestras de heces en casa / Stool Sample Collection at Home" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/references/pfs/testproc/stool-sample-collection-at-home-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Defecografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/defecography-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/defecography-mri">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diferentes colores del popó de bebé: Cuándo hay que preocuparse" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/Paginas/the-many-colors-of-poop.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos externos para la incontinencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003974.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de guayacol en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de huevos y parásitos en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003756.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003755.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces con olor fétido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003132.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces flotantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces pálidas o de color arcilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003129.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movimientos intestinales frecuentes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/frequent-bowel-movements/basics/definition/sym-20050720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/frequent-bowel-movements/basics/definition/SYM-20050720?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de eliminación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de eliminación o estreñimiento en bebés y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programa de cuidado diario del intestino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reeducación del esfínter anal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003971.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000230.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenesmo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003131.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Cómo diferenciar la buena información de salud de la mala? Encuentre en esta página algunas sugerencias útiles. " title="Evaluación de información sobre la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3177" language="Spanish" date-created="03/26/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué es necesario  evaluar la información de salud?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La información de salud es fácil de encontrar. Pero encontrar información de salud confiable requiere un poco de esfuerzo. Parte de la información de salud que obtiene de periódicos, revistas, libros, televisión, internet y redes sociales está actualizada y es confiable. Pero otros no lo son. Por eso es importante evaluar la información de salud por sí mismo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero, ¿cómo puede distinguir lo bueno de lo malo? Hay dos pasos clave:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haga preguntas antes de confiar en lo que lee o escucha&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Converse sobre la información que encuentre con su profesional de la salud antes de confiar en ella. Es posible que haya encontrado buena información, pero su proveedor puede decirle si es bueno &lt;em&gt;para usted&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo evaluar la información de salud en internet?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hacer algunas preguntas lo ayudará a decidir si puede confiar en un sitio web. Por lo general, puede encontrar la mayoría de las respuestas en la página "Acerca de nosotros" del sitio. Si no puede encontrar información sobre quién administra el sitio web, es posible que el sitio y la información de salud que provea no sea confiable. Algunas preguntas para hacer son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Quién administra el sitio?&lt;/strong&gt; ¿Puede confiar en ellos para entregar información equilibrada y precisa? Los sitios confiables brindan una forma de contactar a los responsables de la publicación con preguntas o comentarios
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
En general, encontrará buena información sobre salud en sitios web administrados por:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Agencias del Gobierno Federal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Facultades de medicina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Grandes organizaciones profesionales o sin fines de lucro. Por ejemplo, el Colegio Americano de Cardiología (una organización profesional) y la Asociación Americana del Corazón (una organización sin fines de lucro) son fuentes confiables de información sobre la salud del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Cuál es el propósito del sitio?&lt;/strong&gt; Es para:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;¿Informar al público?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Vender productos o servicios?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Promover las opiniones de una persona o grupo?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
Un sitio web confiable tiene un objetivo: Brindarle buena información.
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;


&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Quién paga por el sitio?&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si el sitio está financiado por anuncios&lt;/strong&gt;, deben estar claramente marcados como anuncios. Tenga cuidado con los anuncios diseñados para parecer información de salud neutral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si una empresa paga por el sitio&lt;/strong&gt;, la información de salud puede favorecer a esa empresa y sus productos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿La información de salud es de alta calidad?&lt;/strong&gt; La buena información de salud no promueve un tratamiento sobre otro. Entrega datos equilibrados basados en la investigación. Por lo tanto, tenga cuidado con la redacción exagerada, las promesas de curas y las afirmaciones que suenan demasiado buenas para ser verdad. Esos podrían ser signos de una estafa de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfraud.html"&gt;fraude de salud&lt;/a&gt;. Para evaluar la calidad de la información de un sitio web, pregunte:
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; ¿Cómo se selecciona y revisa la información para asegurarse de que sea precisa?&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;ul&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;
Consulte la página "Acerca de nosotros" para ver si el sitio tiene:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un consejo editorial de expertos en salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un proceso de revisión de contenido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una política de selección de contenidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Información sobre las calificaciones de sus redactores, que se pueden enumerar en la parte inferior de los artículos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿De dónde proviene la información?&lt;/strong&gt; Las páginas de contenido deben tener enlaces o referencias a las fuentes de información&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿La información está actualizada?&lt;/strong&gt; Las páginas de contenido deben incluir las fechas en que se escribió, revisó o actualizó la información&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Cómo utiliza el sitio web su información personal?&lt;/strong&gt; Busque una sección de política de privacidad para ver cómo se utilizará su información personal. No comparta información sobre usted a menos que se sienta cómodo con los posibles riesgos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando encuentre un sitio web que parezca confiable, no se detenga allí. Busque si otros sitios confiables tienen información de salud similar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo evaluar la información de salud en las redes sociales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una publicación en las redes sociales puede provenir de alguien que conoce, pero eso no garantiza que sea buena información. Muchas de las preguntas que se utilizan para evaluar un sitio web también funcionan para las redes sociales. Pregunte de dónde proviene la información, por qué existe y si alguien la financia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no está seguro que la información que ve en las redes sociales es confiable, no la comparta con otros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo evaluar las historias de salud en las noticias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que algunas noticias sobre investigaciones médicas no incluyan todos los datos que necesita saber. Haga estas preguntas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Dice la historia si la investigación involucró a personas o animales?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si se trataba de personas, ¿cuántas personas había en el estudio y quiénes eran?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Cuánto duró el estudio?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;¿Qué tipo de estudio fue?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Quién pagó por la investigación?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si conoce algunas sugerencias para comprender la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html"&gt;investigación médica&lt;/a&gt;, podrá decidir si una noticia puede aplicarse a su salud. Luego puede discutir la información con su proveedor.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo evaluar la información de salud en los libros?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para evaluar la información de salud en los libros, considere:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Cuántos años tiene el libro?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Es el autor un experto en el tema?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿El libro ofrece diferentes puntos de vista o solo los del autor?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;¿El libro ha sido revisado por otros expertos?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿El libro enumera las fuentes del contenido?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Después de evaluar la información de salud, hable con su proveedor antes de usarla para tomar decisiones que puedan afectar su bienestar.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3176" language="English">Evaluating Health Information</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/">Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de EE. UU.</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3895">Comprendiendo la investigación médica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Información sobre la salud, Evaluación</see-reference>
<site title="Comprendiendo la información de salud: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthliteracy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthliteracy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conozca la ciencia: Los hechos sobre las noticias de salud" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/historias-de-salud-en-noticias/lista-de-comprobacion-para-entender-las-noticias-de-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/facts-health-news-stories/complementary-health-approaches-in-the-news">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de rumores: Aprenda y comparta datos de la FDA" url="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/rumor-control/control-de-rumores" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/rumor-control">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar recursos confiables sobre el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/manejo-del-cancer/encontrar-recursos-confiables" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/using-trusted-resources">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar y evaluar recursos en línea" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/como-encontrar-y-evaluar-recursos-en-linea" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entender los riesgos para la salud: Mejore su probabilidad de tener una buena salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entender-los-riesgos-para-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/10/understanding-health-risks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estafas más comunes relacionadas con la salud" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/estafas-mas-comunes-relacionadas-con-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/common-health-scams">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información de salud en línea: ¿En quién puede confiar?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000869.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicina basada en la evidencia" url="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/spanish-patient-pages/2009/hoja-para-el-paciente-de-jama-090225.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/296/9/1192.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Médica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recursos de salud del Gobierno de Estados Unidos" url="https://www.usa.gov/es/salud">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración General de Servicios de los EE.UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud en la Web: Cómo encontrar información confiable" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/salud-en-la-web-como-encontrar-informacion-confiable/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/health-information-on-the-web-finding-reliable-information/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tutorial de evaluación de información de salud en internet de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/webeval/webeval.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/webeval/webeval.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de los verificadores de síntomas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/uso-de-los-verificadores-de-sintomas">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es confiable la información sobre la salud que se encuentra en el Internet?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/informacion-sobre-salud/confiable-informacion-sobre-salud-se-encuentra-internet" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-aging/how-find-reliable-health-information-online">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El test de APGAR determina si el recién nacido tiene problemas para respirar o del corazón. Infórmese sobre otros exámenes que reciben los recién nacidos." title="Evaluación del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" id="4042" language="Spanish" date-created="01/11/2006">
<also-called>Exámenes para recién nacidos</also-called>
<also-called>Pruebas de diagnóstico para recién nacidos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas de evaluación del recién nacido se realizan antes de que el bebé abandone el hospital. Los bebés se examinan para identificar cuadros serios o que ponen la vida en riesgo antes del comienzo de los síntomas. Estas enfermedades suelen ser raras. Sin embargo, pueden afectar el desarrollo físico y mental normal de un bebé.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las pruebas necesita sólo algunas gotas de sangre del talón del niño. Una prueba de capacidad del oído consiste en la colocación de un audífono diminuto dentro del oído del bebé para medir su respuesta a los sonidos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si una de las pruebas sugiere un problema, el pediatra hará el seguimiento con otros estudios. Si los mismos confirman el problema, el médico puede referirlo a un especialista para su tratamiento. El cumplimiento del plan de tratamiento indicado por el médico puede salvaguardar al bebé contra los problemas de salud y desarrollo durante toda la vida. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" id="4041" language="English">Newborn Screening</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Bebés, Tests</see-reference>
<site title="Aminoaciduria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003366.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aminoácidos plasmáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003361.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cribado neonatal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/newborn-screening-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-screening-tests.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su hijo tiene un defecto de nacimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/baby-has-birth-defect.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/baby-has-birth-defect.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato deshidrogenasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000528.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000528.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ácido metilmalónico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003565.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perfil TORCH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003350.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de cadera en lactantes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/problemas-de-cadera-en-lactantes-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hip-problems-in-infants/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos seguidos después de un parto vaginal normal" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/delivery-room-procedures-following-a-normal-vaginal-birth.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Apgar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003402.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Apgar del recién nacido" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/apgar-scores.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Apgar-Scores.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de audición a su bebé y los siguientes pasos" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/prueba-audicion-bebe-y-siguientes-pasos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de fenilalanina sérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003362.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de fenilcetonuria (FCU)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-deteccion-de-fenilcetonuria-fcu/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phenylketonuria-pku-screening/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección para fibrosis quística neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003409.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de galactosemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-galactosemia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/galactosemia-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de audición para niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-ninos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-children/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección para los recién nacidos" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/bebe/pruebas-de-deteccion-para-recien-nacidos.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/parenthood/newborn-screening-tests-your-baby">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección para recién nacidos" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/newborn/informacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección para recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007257.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007257.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿A cuántos recién nacidos se les realizan las pruebas de detección en los Estados Unidos?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/newborn/informacion/evaluand" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/newborn/conditioninfo/pages/infants-screened.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se realizan las pruebas de evaluación del recién nacido?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/newborn/informacion/realiza" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/newborn/conditioninfo/how-done">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se utilizan los resultados de la evaluación del recién nacido?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/newborn/informacion/utilizan" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/newborn/conditioninfo/how-used">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Para qué trastornos se hacen las pruebas de detección para recién nacidos en los Estados Unidos?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/newborn/informacion/trastornos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/newborn/conditioninfo/disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="How do you know if health information you read can be trusted? Evaluating health information helps you know if the source is reliable. Learn more. " title="Evaluating Health Information" url="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3176" language="English" date-created="03/26/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;Why do I need to evaluate health information?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health information is easy to find. But finding reliable health information takes a little effort. Some of the health information you get from newspapers, magazines, books, TV, the Internet, and social media is up to date and trustworthy. But some is not. That's why it's important to evaluate health information for yourself.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But how can you tell the good from the bad? There are two key steps:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask questions before you trust what you read or hear.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Discuss the information you find with your health care provider before you rely on it. You may have found good information, but your provider can tell you whether it's good &lt;em&gt;for you&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;How can I evaluate health information on the Internet?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Asking a few questions will help you decide if you can trust a website. You can usually find most of the answers on the site's "About Us" page.  If you can't find information about who runs the website, the site may not be trustworthy, and their health information may be unreliable. Some questions to ask are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who runs the site?&lt;/strong&gt; Can you trust them to provide balanced, accurate information? Trustworthy sites provide a way to contact the owners with questions or feedback.
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
In general, you'll find good health information on websites run by:
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Federal government agencies.&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;Medical schools.&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;Large professional or nonprofit organizations. For example, the American College of Cardiology (a professional organization) and the American Heart Association (a nonprofit) and are both reliable sources of information on heart health.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What's the purpose of the site?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it to:
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Inform the public?&lt;/li&gt;  
 &lt;li&gt;Sell products or services?&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;Promote the opinions of a person or group?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
A trustworthy website has one goal: To give you good information.
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who pays for the site?&lt;/strong&gt; 
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If the site is funded by ads,&lt;/strong&gt; they should be clearly marked as advertisements.  Watch out for ads designed to look like neutral health information. 
 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If a business pays for the site,&lt;/strong&gt; the health information may favor that business and its products.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt; 

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the health information high quality?&lt;/strong&gt; Good health information doesn't promote one treatment over another. It gives you balanced facts based on research. So, beware of dramatic writing, promises of cures, and claims that sound too good to be true. Those could be signs of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfraud.html"&gt;health fraud scam&lt;/a&gt;. To evaluate the quality of a website's information, ask: 
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How is the information selected and reviewed to make sure it's accurate?&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
Check the "About Us" page to see if the site has:
  &lt;ul&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;An editorial board of health experts&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A content review process&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A selection policy for content&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Information about their writers' qualifications, which may be listed at the bottom of the articles&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Where does the information come from?&lt;/strong&gt; The content pages should have links or references to the sources of the information.&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the information up to date?&lt;/strong&gt; Content pages should include dates when the information was written, reviewed, or updated.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How does the website use your personal information?&lt;/strong&gt; Look for a privacy policy section to see how your personal information will be used. Don't share information about yourself unless you're comfortable with any risks involved.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;When you find a website that seems to be trustworthy, don't stop there. Look to see if other reliable sites have similar health information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I evaluate health information on social media?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A social media post may come from someone you know, but that doesn't guarantee it's good information. Many of the questions you use to evaluate a website also work for social media too. Ask where the information comes from, why it exists, and if anyone is funding it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you're not sure whether the information you see on social media is trustworthy, don"t share it with others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I evaluate health stories in the news?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some news stories about medical research may not include all the facts you need to know.  Ask these questions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Does the story say whether the research involved people or animals?&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;If it was people, how many people were in the study and who were they?&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;How long was the study?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What type of study was it?&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Who paid for the research?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you learn a few tips for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html"&gt;understanding medical research&lt;/a&gt;, you'll be able to decide if a news story may apply to your health. Then you can discuss the information with your provider.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How can I evaluate health information in books?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To evaluate health information in books, ask:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How old is the book?&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Is the author an expert on the subject?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Does the book offer different points of view or just those of the author?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has the book been reviewed by other experts?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Does the book list the sources of the content?&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After you evaluate health information, talk with your provider before using it to make decisions that may affect your health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Library of Medicine&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3177" language="Spanish">Evaluación de información sobre la salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020407">Internet</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000592">standards</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">National Library of Medicine</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3894">Understanding Medical Research</related-topic>
<see-reference>Finding health sources I can trust</see-reference>
<see-reference>Finding trustworthy information</see-reference>
<see-reference>Identifying health misinformation</see-reference>
<site title="Community Toolkit for Addressing Health Misinformation" url="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/health-misinformation-toolkit-english.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Surgeon General</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet in the News -- What to Believe?" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/media/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluating Internet Health Information: A Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/webeval/webeval.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/webeval/webeval.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Interactive Tutorial</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finding and Evaluating Online Resources" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/como-encontrar-y-evaluar-recursos-en-linea">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finding Cancer Information on the Internet" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/understanding-cancer/cancer-information-on-the-internet.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Information on the Web: Finding Reliable Information" url="https://familydoctor.org/health-information-on-the-web-finding-reliable-information/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/salud-en-la-web-como-encontrar-informacion-confiable/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Literacy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthliteracy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthliteracy.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Misinformation Checklist" url="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/health-misinformation-checklist-english.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Surgeon General</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Cancer Resources You Can Trust" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/using-trusted-resources" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/manejo-del-cancer/encontrar-recursos-confiables">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Reliable Health Information Online" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-aging/how-find-reliable-health-information-online" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/informacion-sobre-salud/confiable-informacion-sobre-salud-se-encuentra-internet">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Spot Health Fraud" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/bioterrorism-and-drug-preparedness/how-spot-health-fraud">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know the Science: The Facts about Health News Stories" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/facts-health-news-stories/complementary-health-approaches-in-the-news" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/historias-de-salud-en-noticias/lista-de-comprobacion-para-entender-las-noticias-de-salud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Library of Medicine" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Online health information - what can you trust?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000869.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluating Health Information" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Internet%2Fstandards%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rumor Control: Learn and Share FDA Facts to Help Stop the Spread of Misinformation" url="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/rumor-control" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/rumor-control/control-de-rumores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talk to Your Community about Health Misinformation" url="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/talk-to-your-community-about-health-misinformation-english.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Surgeon General</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Exercise is one of the most important things you can do for your health. The key is to find the right exercise for you. Get the facts about fitness." title="Exercise and Physical Fitness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490" language="English" date-created="09/23/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Regular exercise is one of the best things you can do for your health. It has many &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;benefits&lt;/a&gt;, including improving your overall health and fitness, and reducing your risk for many chronic diseases. There are many different types of exercise; it is important that you pick the right types for you. Most people benefit from a combination of them:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Endurance, or aerobic,&lt;/strong&gt; activities increase your breathing and heart rate. They keep your heart, lungs, and circulatory system healthy and improve your overall fitness. Examples include brisk walking, jogging, swimming, and biking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strength, or resistance training,&lt;/strong&gt; exercises make your muscles stronger. Some examples are lifting weights and using a resistance band.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Balance&lt;/strong&gt; exercises can make it easier to walk on uneven surfaces and help prevent falls. To improve your balance, try tai chi or exercises like standing on one leg.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flexibility&lt;/strong&gt; exercises stretch your muscles and can help your body stay limber. Yoga and doing various stretches can make you more flexible.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fitting regular exercise into your daily schedule may seem difficult at first. But you can start slowly, and break your exercise time into chunks. Even doing ten minutes at a time is fine. You can work your way up to doing the recommended amount of exercise. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;How much exercise you need&lt;/a&gt; depends on your age and health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other things that you can do to make the most of your workouts include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choosing activities that work all the different parts of the body, including your core (muscles around your back, abdomen, and pelvis). Good core strength improves balance and stability and helps to prevent lower back injury.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choosing activities that you enjoy. It's easier to make exercise a regular part of your life if you have fun doing it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercising &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html"&gt;safely&lt;/a&gt;, with proper equipment, to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;injuries&lt;/a&gt;. Also, listen to your body and don't overdo it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Giving yourself goals. The goals should challenge you, but also be realistic. It's also helpful to reward yourself when you reach your goals. The rewards could be something big, like new workout gear, or something smaller, such as movie tickets.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="1892" language="Spanish">Ejercicio y estado físico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015444">Exercise</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010809">Physical Fitness</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6601">Benefits of Exercise</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3012">Exercise for Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1530">Exercise for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html" id="6543">Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html" id="6603">How Much Exercise Do I Need?</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415">Sports Fitness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fitness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Physical Fitness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Weight Training</see-reference>
<site title="4 Physical Activity Tips for Older Adults" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-physical-activity-tips-for-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuatro-sugerencias-de-actividad-fisica-para-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aerobic Exercise: How to Warm up and Cool down" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20045517?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20045517?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are you getting too much exercise?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Bacteria in Your Gut Make You Want To Exercise?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/can-bacteria-in-your-gut-make-you-want-to-exercise" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/pueden-las-bacterias-intestinales-motivarlo-a-hacer-ejercicio">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cassey Ho is Staying Fit While Loving Herself" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cassey-ho-is-staying-fit-while-loving-herself" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cassey-ho-se-mantiene-en-forma-mientras-se-ama">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Exercise" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Exercise%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Physical Fitness" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Physical+Fitness%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Core Exercises: Why You Should Strengthen Your Core Muscles" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/core-exercises/art-20044751?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/core-exercises/art-20044751?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dance your way to fitness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000809.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Fitness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/fitnessdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating and Exercise" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20045506?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epinephrine and exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000051.htm">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Activity Calculator" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/diet-physical-activity/get-active/exercise-counts-calculator.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise clothing and shoes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000817.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise for Weight Loss: Calories Burned in One Hour" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/exercise/art-20050999?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/exercise/art-20050999?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise for Your Bone Health" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/exercise-your-bone-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/haga-ejercicio-para-tener-huesos-sanos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Habit" url="https://familydoctor.org/the-exercise-habit/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/el-habito-del-ejercicio/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Intensity: How to Measure It" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise-intensity/art-20046887?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise-intensity/art-20046887?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise, lifestyle, and your bones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercises to help prevent falls" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercising on a budget" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000762.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Exercise or Physical Activity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/exercise.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness Basics" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/basics/fitness-basics/hlv-20049447?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/basics/fitness-basics/hlv-20049447?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness Facts &amp; Fiction Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001941_45.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001941_100.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness: All Guides" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/fitness-all-guides/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Active" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/diabetes/get-active">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get Active Together: Social Support Can Help Keep You Moving" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/05/get-active-together" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenerse-activos-fisicamente-en-comunidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Give your heart a workout" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Physical Activity" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/phy_act.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Fit Are You? See How You Measure Up" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to avoid exercise injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to avoid overheating during exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indoor fitness routine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000890.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep it Going! How to Stick with a Fitness Routine" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/keep-it-going-how-to-stick-with-a-fitness-routine" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/siga-asi-como-mantener-su-rutina-de-ejercicios">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn to love exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000764.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Make time to move" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000765.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Move Your Way: A Campaign to Promote the Updated Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (2nd edition)" url="https://health.gov/moveyourway">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate.gov" url="https://www.myplate.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.choosemyplate.gov/en-espanol.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Study Tracks Exercise with Mobile Apps to Improve Heart Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/nih-study-tracks-exercise-with-mobile-apps-to-improve-heart-health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-estudio-de-los-institutos-nacionales-de-la-salud-utiliza-aplicaciones-moviles-para-seguir-el-ejercicio-y-mejorar-la-salud-del-corazon">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Outdoor fitness routine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000891.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000891.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personal Story: Sara Santiago" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/personal-story-sara-santiago" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/relato-personal-sara-santiago">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personalized Exercise? How Biology Influences Fitness" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/07/personalized-exercise" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ejercicios-personalizados">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Physical activity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001941.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity (Exercise)" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/getting-active" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/getting-active">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity and Your Weight and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/physical-activity/" language-mapped-url="https://choosemyplate-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/tentips/DGTipsheet25HealthyEatingActiveLifestyle-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity Basics and Your Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity for Adults: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/spanish/Cuanta-actividad-fisica-necesitan-los-adultos.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: 2nd edition" url="https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="President's Council on Sports, Fitness &amp; Nutrition" url="https://health.gov/pcsfn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Physical Fitness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Exercise%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Physical+Fitness%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retired NFL Star DeMarcus Ware is in the best shape of his life" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/retired-nfl-star-demarcus-ware-is-in-the-best-shape-of-his-life" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ex-estrella-de-la-nfl-demarcus-ware-en-la-mejor-forma-de-su-vida">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safety Tips for Hot Weather Exercise" url="https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayoqahot-weather-exercise/" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048167?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Active at Any Size" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/staying-active-at-any-size" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-mantenerse-activo-independientemente-peso">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Step It Up! Get Active for Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/07/step-it-up" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/muevase">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strength Training: For Overall Fitness" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/strength-training/art-20046670?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stretching" url="https://familydoctor.org/the-importance-of-stretching/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/la-importancia-del-estiramiento/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stretching Safely and Effectively" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Target Heart Rate Calculator" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/diet-physical-activity/get-active/target-heart-rate-calculator.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Target Heart Rates Chart" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/target-heart-rates">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Help You Get Active" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/tips-get-active">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Walking: Trim Your Waistline, Improve Your Health" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/walking/art-20046261?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Management and Healthy Living Tips" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/healthy-living-tips">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Training: Do's and Don'ts of Proper Technique" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Is the Best Time of Day to Work Out?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/when-is-the-best-time-of-day-to-work-out">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Working with a personal trainer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000875.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yoga for health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your child needs plenty of exercise to be healthy. Find out about the right amount of exercise for your child, safe exercise, and more." title="Exercise for Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3012" language="English" date-created="11/12/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Like adults, kids need exercise. Most children &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;need at least an hour of physical activity&lt;/a&gt; every day. Regular exercise has many &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;benefits&lt;/a&gt; for children. It can help them:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel less stressed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel better about themselves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel more ready to learn in school&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Keep a healthy weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Build and keep healthy bones, muscles and joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleep better at night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As kids spend more time watching TV, they spend less time running and playing. Parents should limit TV, video game and computer time.  Parents can set a good example by being active themselves.  Exercising together can be fun for everyone.  Competitive sports can help kids stay fit. Walking or biking to school, dancing, bowling and yoga are some other ways for kids to get exercise.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3013" language="Spanish">Ejercicio para niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067009">Youth Sports</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015444">Exercise</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6601">Benefits of Exercise</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490">Exercise and Physical Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415">Sports Fitness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fitness</see-reference>
<site title="BAM! Body and Mind Classroom Resources for Teachers: Physical Education and Physical Activity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/bam/pe_pa.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC Healthy Schools: Physical Activity Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/physicalactivity/facts.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Exercise for Children" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=exercise&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Youth Sports" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Youth+Sports%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Exercise" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/compulsive-exercise.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Exercise" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/compulsive-exercise.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Fitness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/fitnessdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dehydration (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Easy Exercises for Teens" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/easy-exercises.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/easy-exercises.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Everyday Ideas to Move More" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/get-active/activity-plan.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fitness" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/fitness/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness and Your 13- to 18-year-old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fitness-13-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fitness-13-18.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness and Your 3-to 5-Year Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fitness-4-5.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness and Your 6- to 12-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fitness-6-12.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fitness-6-12.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness for Kids Who Don't Like Sports" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hate-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hate-sports.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Your Child: Tips for Parents and Other Caregivers" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/helping-your-child-tips-for-parents" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/ayudar-ninos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Help My Child Be More Physically Active?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-children">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Exercise" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/exercise.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Motivating Kids to Be Active" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/active-kids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/schoolage-active.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity for Children: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/children.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/spanish/cuanta-actividad-fisica-necesitan-los-ninos.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: 2nd edition" url="https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="President's Council on Sports, Fitness &amp; Nutrition" url="https://health.gov/pcsfn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise for Children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Youth+Sports%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Exercise%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sports and Exercise Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sport-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sport-safety.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Take Charge of Your Health: A Guide for Teenagers" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Physical Activity" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/fitness/exercise/levels.html">
<information-category>Girls</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Exercise Is Cool" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/work-it-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/work-it-out.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Exercise Is Wise" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/exercise-wise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/exercise-wise.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="As we age, exercise becomes more challenging. But it is important for older adults to get enough exercise. How much exercise do you need? Find out." title="Exercise for Older Adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1530" language="English" date-created="08/23/2001">
<also-called>Seniors' fitness</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Exercise and physical activity are good for just about everyone, including older adults. There are four main types and each type is different. Doing them all will give you more &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;benefits&lt;/a&gt;.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Endurance, or aerobic, activities increase your breathing and heart rate. Brisk walking or jogging, dancing, swimming, and biking are examples.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Strength exercises make your muscles stronger. Lifting weights or using a resistance band can build strength.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balance exercises help prevent falls&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flexibility exercises stretch your muscles and can help your body stay limber&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have not been active, you can start slowly and work up to your goal. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;How much exercise you need&lt;/a&gt; depends on your age and health. Check with your health care provider on what is right for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1891" language="Spanish">Ejercicio para personas mayores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015444">Exercise</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490">Exercise and Physical Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21">Older Adult Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415">Sports Fitness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fitness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seniors' Fitness</see-reference>
<site title="4 Physical Activity Tips for Older Adults" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-physical-activity-tips-for-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuatro-sugerencias-de-actividad-fisica-para-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Balance Exercises for Older Adults" url="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmk21KJuZUM6_Gy9jxzF9sTO_6u_tYCOm">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Exercise for Older Adults" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=exercise&amp;aggFilters=ages:older,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Physical Fitness for Older Adults" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22physical+fitness%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:older,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Fitness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/fitnessdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dr. Roger Fielding on Strength Training for Older Adults" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/dr-roger-fielding-strength-training-older-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare Locator" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/index.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and age" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002080.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Bone Health" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/exercise-and-bone-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Physical Activity" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Physical Activity for Healthy Aging: Get Fit for Life" url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/get-fit-life-book.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Physical Activity Worksheets" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/exercise-and-physical-activity-worksheets" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/herramientas-seguimiento-ejercicios-actividades-fisicas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Examples and Videos" url="https://www.nutrition.gov/topics/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-examples-and-videos">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Helps Ease Arthritis Pain and Stiffness" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/ART-20047971?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arthritis/in-depth/arthritis/art-20047971?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercising with Chronic Conditions" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/exercising-chronic-conditions" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/hacer-ejercicio-enfermedades-cronicas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercising with Osteoporosis: Stay Active the Safe Way" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis/ART-20044989?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis/art-20044989?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Your Starting Point: Activity Log" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/finding_yr_starting_point-fillable_0.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finding the Right Fitness Shoes and Clothes" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/finding-right-fitness-shoes-and-clothes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/como-escoger-ropa-zapatos-deportivos-adecuados">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Four Types of Exercise Can Improve Your Health and Physical Ability" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/four-types-exercise-can-improve-your-health-and-physical" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/cuatro-tipos-ejercicio-pueden-mejorar-su-salud-capacidad-fisica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fun Ways for Older Adults to Stay Physically Active" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/fun-ways-older-adults-stay-physically-active" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/algunas-maneras-divertidas-adultos-mayores-se-mantengan-fisicamente-activos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Go4Life" url="https://www.youtube.com/user/NatlInstituteOnAging/search?query=Go4Life">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Tips for Older Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Older Adults Can Get Started with Exercise" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/how-older-adults-can-get-started-exercise" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/como-pueden-personas-mayores-comenzar-hacer-ejercicio">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Many Types of Exercise Can Lengthen Older Adults' Lives" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/11/many-types-exercise-can-lengthen-older-adults-lives" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/muchos-tipos-de-ejercicio-pueden-alargar-la-vida-de-los">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity for Older Adults: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/older-adults.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity Isn't Just for Athletes - It's for Everyone" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/physical-activity-isnt-just-for-athletes-its-for-everyone" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-actividad-fisica-es-para-todos-no-solo-para-atletas">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="President's Council on Sports, Fitness &amp; Nutrition" url="https://health.gov/pcsfn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise for Older Adults" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Exercise%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+aged+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Qigong: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/qigong-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Real-Life Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/real-life-benefits-exercise-and-physical-activity">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safety Tips for Exercising Outdoors for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Staying Motivated to Exercise: Tips for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/staying-motivated-exercise-tips-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/como-mantenerse-motivado-hacer-ejercicio-consejos-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strength Building Exercises for Older Adults" url="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmk21KJuZUM6kZzsR2aeT-NXYW2Kkjtxp">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stretching Exercises for Older Adults" url="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCCD15A44D95DBCDF">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tai Chi: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tai-chi-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Target Heart Rate Calculator" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/diet-physical-activity/get-active/target-heart-rate-calculator.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yoga: Effectiveness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yoga-effectiveness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="You're Never Too Old: Keep Active as You Age" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/you-re-never-too-old" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/nunca-se-es-demasiado-viejo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La radiación es energía que viaja a alta velocidad. Exponerse a dosis de radiación por un período de tiempo aumenta el riesgo de cáncer." title="Exposición a la radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html" id="2116" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la radiación?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La radiación es energía que viaja en forma de ondas o partículas de alta velocidad. Puede ocurrir naturalmente o ser creada por el hombre. Existen dos tipos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Radiación no ionizante:&lt;/b&gt; Incluye ondas de radio, teléfonos celulares, microondas, radiación infrarroja y luz visible&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Radiación ionizante:&lt;/b&gt; Incluye radiación ultravioleta, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html"&gt;radón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;rayos X&lt;/a&gt; y rayos gamma&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las fuentes de la exposición a la radiación?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La radiación natural nos rodea todo el tiempo. La mayoría proviene naturalmente de los minerales. Estos se encuentran en la tierra, suelo, agua o incluso nuestros cuerpos. Esta radiactividad natural también proviene del espacio exterior y el sol. Otras fuentes son creadas por el hombre, como los rayos X, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia para tratar el cáncer&lt;/a&gt; o las líneas eléctricas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué efectos en la salud tiene la exposición a la radiación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La radiación ha estado a nuestro alrededor a lo largo de nuestra evolución. Por ello, nuestros cuerpos se han adaptado para lidiar con los niveles bajos a los que estamos expuestos todos los días. Pero demasiada radiación puede dañar los tejidos al cambiar la estructura celular y dañar el ADN. Esto puede causar serios problemas de salud, incluyendo el cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cantidad de daño que cause la exposición a la radiación depende de varios factores, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El tipo de radiación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La dosis (cantidad) de radiación &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cómo estuvo usted expuesto, como a través del contacto de la piel, tragarla o respirarla, o a través de rayos que pasaron por su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dónde se concentró la radiación en su cuerpo y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Qué tan sensible es su cuerpo a la radiación. Un feto es el más vulnerable a los efectos de la radiación. Los bebés, niños, las personas mayores, mujeres embarazadas y problemas con problemas del sistema inmunitario son más vulnerables que los adultos sanos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estar expuesto a una gran cantidad de radiación durante un corto período de tiempo, como durante una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html"&gt;emergencias causadas por la radiación&lt;/a&gt;, puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;quemaduras&lt;/a&gt; en la piel. También puede conducir al síndrome de radiación aguda o "enfermedad por radiación". Los síntomas incluyen dolor de cabeza y diarrea. Por lo general, comienzan dentro de unas horas. Esos síntomas desaparecerán y la persona parecerá saludable por un tiempo. Pero luego se enfermará de nuevo. La rapidez con la que se vuelven a enfermar, sus síntomas y la intensidad de la enfermedad depende de la cantidad de radiación a la que estuvieron expuestos. En algunos casos, este síndrome causa la muerte en los siguientes días o semanas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La exposición a niveles bajos de radiación en el ambiente no causa efectos inmediatos en la salud, pero puede aumentar levemente su riesgo general de cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad por radiación aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antes de que comenzar el tratamiento, los profesionales de la salud deben saber cuánta radiación absorbió su cuerpo. Le preguntarán sobre sus síntomas, le realizarán análisis de sangre y pueden usar un dispositivo para medir la radiación. También obtendrán más información sobre la exposición, como el tipo de radiación, qué tan lejos estaba de la fuente y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento se enfoca en reducir y tratar infecciones, prevenir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt; y tratar lesiones y quemaduras. Algunas personas pueden necesitar tratamientos que ayuden a recuperar la función de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;. Si estuvo expuesto a ciertos tipos de radiación, su proveedor puede darle un tratamiento que limite o elimine la contaminación de su cuerpo. También puede recibir tratamientos para sus síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se puede prevenir la exposición a la radiación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen cosas que puede tomar para prevenir o reducir la exposición a la radiación:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si su proveedor de atención médica recomienda una prueba que usa radiación, pregunte sobre sus riesgos y beneficios. En algunos casos, es posible que pueda realizarse una prueba diferente que no usa radiación. Pero si necesita una prueba que use radiación, investigue un poco sobre las instalaciones de pruebas de imágenes donde usted vive. Encuentre uno que monitoree y use técnicas para reducir las dosis que entregan a los pacientes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reduzca la exposición a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electromagneticfields.html"&gt;radiación electromagnética&lt;/a&gt; de su teléfono celular. En la actualidad, la evidencia científica no ha encontrado un vínculo entre el uso de teléfonos celulares y problemas de salud en los seres humanos. Se necesita más investigación para estar seguro. Pero si aún tiene inquietudes, puede reducir la cantidad de tiempo que usa su teléfono. También puede usar el modo de altavoz (speaker) o un manos libres para colocar más distancia entre usted y su celular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si vive en una casa, mida los niveles de gas radón y, si es necesario, obtenga un sistema de reducción de radón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Durante una emergencia de radiación, entre en un edificio para refugiarse. Manténgase bajo techo con todas las ventanas y puertas cerradas. Esté atento y siga las instrucciones de los servicios y funcionarios de emergencia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html" id="379" language="English">Radiation Exposure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electromagneticfields.html" id="1883">Campos electromagnéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html" id="4599">Emergencias causadas por la radiación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html" id="2179">Exposición al sol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html" id="2725">Radioterapia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html" id="2117">Radón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Radiación, Exposición a</see-reference>
<site title="Advertencia sobre las varillas de desinfección con luz ultravioleta (UV) que emiten niveles peligrosos de radiación" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/advertencia-sobre-las-varillas-de-desinfeccion-con-luz-ultravioleta-uv-que-emiten-niveles-peligrosos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-ultraviolet-uv-wands-give-unsafe-levels-radiation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el azul de prusia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/media/pdfs/infographics/infographic_prussian_blue_es.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/treatment/prussian-blue.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dosis de radiación" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="DTPA (pentaacetato de dietilentriamina)" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/radiation/dtpa.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/treatment/dtpa.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000026.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición a la radiación" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/exposicion-a-la-radiacion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/radiation-exposure.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Irradiación de alimentos: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/la-irradiacion-de-alimentos-lo-que-usted-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-irradiation-what-you-need-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas por radiación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/radiation-sickness/symptoms-causes/syc-20377058?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protección contra la radiación y emergencias radiológicas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/proteccion-contra-la-radiacion-y-emergencias-radiologicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiación ionizante" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts149.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiación nuclear y la glándula tiroides" url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/espanol/radiacion_nuclear_y_la_glandula_tiroides.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/NuclearRadiation_brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de la radiación en niños" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-rad-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-rad-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teléfonos celulares y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-telefonos-celulares" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uranio" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts150.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de piel es el cáncer más común en los Estados Unidos. Reduzca su riesgo al permanecer en la sombra y al vestir ropa protectora, lentes de sol y protector solar todo el año." title="Exposición al sol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html" id="2179" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Exposición solar</also-called>
<also-called>Tomar sol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los rayos ultravioleta (UV) son una forma invisible de radiación. Pueden penetrar la piel y dañar las células. Las quemaduras de sol son un signo de daño en la piel. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tanning.html"&gt;bronceado&lt;/a&gt; tampoco es saludable. Aparece después que los rayos del sol ya mataron algunas células y dañaron otras. Los rayos UV pueden causar lesiones en la piel durante cualquier estación del año y a cualquier temperatura. También pueden causar problemas en los ojos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html"&gt;arrugas&lt;/a&gt;, manchas en la piel y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html"&gt;cáncer de piel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para protegerse:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Manténgase alejado del sol cuando sus rayos son más fuertes (entre las 10 a.m. y las 2 p.m.) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use protector solar con un SPF de 15 o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Utilice ropa protectora &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use anteojos de sol con buena cobertura que le brinden 100% de protección contra los rayos UV &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Evite las lámparas solares y las camas para broncearse &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Revise su piel con regularidad para detectar cambios en el tamaño, la forma, el color o la textura de sus marcas de nacimiento, lunares y manchas. Esos cambios pueden ser un signo de cáncer en la piel.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html" id="1419" language="English">Sun Exposure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html" id="2149">Cáncer de piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html" id="1946">Enfermedades causadas por el calor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html" id="2028">Melanoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Broncearse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Quemadura del sol</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rayos ultravioleta</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sol, Exposición al</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sol, Quemadura</see-reference>
<site title="Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE. UU." url="https://espanol.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al sol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronceado: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tanning.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad en el agua" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Summer-Safety-Tips-Sun-and-Water-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/summertips.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para mantenerse seguro bajo el sol: Desde la protección solar hasta las gafas de sol" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consejos-para-mantenerse-seguro-bajo-el-sol-desde-la-proteccion-solar-hasta-las-gafas-de-sol" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-stay-safe-sun-sunscreen-sunglasses">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo escoger y usar un protector solar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sunscreen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sunscreen.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos de la radiación UV en la salud" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/efectos-de-la-radiacion-uv-en-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/sunsafety/health-effects-uv-radiation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos del sol en la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000125.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erupción polimorfa leve" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001477.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escala del índice UV" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/escala-del-indice-uv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indice UV" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/indice-uv" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/sunwise/doc/what_is_uvindex.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pasos a tomar para protegerse del sol" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/pasos-tomar-para-protegerse-del-sol">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas en mayor riesgo de sufrir daño ocular por rayos UV" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/algunas-personas-estan-en-mayor-riesgo-de-sufrir" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-damage-from-uv-light">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de daño a la vista: Protéjase de la radiación UV" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100GIEY.PDF?Dockey=P100GIEY.PDF">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de la exposición al sol" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-116_sp/pdfs/2010-116_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-116/pdfs/2010-116.pdf">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quemadura solar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003227.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras solares" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sunburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20355922?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sunburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20355922?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras solares: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-sunburn/basics/art-20056643?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratosis actínica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000827.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad del sol" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/sun-safety/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/sun-safety/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sol y seguridad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sun-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sun-safety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sol, la luz ultravioleta y sus ojos" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-sol-la-radiacion-uv-y-sus-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/sun">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Debe ponerles protector solar a los bebés? Por lo general no" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/debe-ponerles-protector-solar-los-bebes-por-lo-general-no" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-put-sunscreen-infants-not-usually">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Protector solar en invierno?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/protector-solar-en-invierno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/sunscreen-in-the-winter">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Durante el chequeo médico se realizan exámenes que pueden ayudar a encontrar una enfermedad antes de que comiencen los síntomas. Entérese." title="Exámenes médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html" id="4483" language="Spanish" date-created="04/07/2008">
<also-called>Exámenes diagnósticos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Durante el chequeo médico se realizan exámenes que pueden ayudar a encontrar una enfermedad antes de que comiencen los síntomas. Estas pruebas pueden ayudar a descubrir enfermedades o afecciones anticipadamente, cuando son más fáciles de tratar. Algunos exámenes se realizan en el consultorio del doctor. Otros, necesitan equipos especiales, entonces es posible que tenga que dirigirse a una oficina diferente o a una clínica.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Entre los cuadros que los médicos buscan comúnmente se incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de seno&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;cáncer de cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt; en mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer colorrectal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;Colesterol elevado&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y sobrepeso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html"&gt;Cáncer de próstata&lt;/a&gt; en los hombres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas que usted necesite dependerán de la edad, el sexo, los antecedentes familiares y si tiene factores de riesgo para algunas enfermedades. Luego de que le realicen las pruebas, pregunte cuándo obtendrá los resultados y con quién debería hablar sobre ellos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;  Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html" id="4482" language="English">Health Screening</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html" id="4752">Chequeo médico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/laboratorytests.html" id="1996">Pruebas de laboratorio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html" id="2109">Vivir saludablemente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diagnóstico</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de enfermedades de transmisión sexual: ¿Cuál es el adecuado para ti?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/art-20046019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/ART-20046019?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Plomo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-lead.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis para la detección de cáncer de pulmón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lung-cancer-screening/about/pac-20385024?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-cancer-screening/about/pac-20385024?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Applicación QuestionBuilder en español" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculadora del percentil del IMC en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcule su índice de masa corporal" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cobertura Medicare: Servicios de prevención y control" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/preventive-screening-services" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/preventive-screening-services">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la ansiedad causada por los exámenes médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo entender el resultado de sus pruebas de laboratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-entender-el-resultado-de-sus-pruebas-de-laboratorio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-depresion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/depression-screening/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del recién nacido: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cáncer de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-cancer-de-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-cancer-screening/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la vista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de piel (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes medicos: Qué esperar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/med-videos-landing.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frecuencia del examen físico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002125.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hazte las pruebas de detección temprana" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/pruebas-deteccion/hazte-pruebas-deteccion-temprana" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-screened">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/hombre.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/healthy-men.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/hombre50.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://archive.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/men-over-50.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mamografía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/mujer.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/healthy-women.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/women50sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/women-over-50.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Más allá de los análisis básicos de sangre" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panel metabólico básico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panel metabólico completo (PMC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de audición a su bebé y los siguientes pasos" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/prueba-audicion-bebe-y-siguientes-pasos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Papanicolaou" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tuberculosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tuberculosis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tuberculosis-screening/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de cribado sobre la salud (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/health-screens.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/health-screens.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y procedimientos de diagnóstico neurológico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/pruebas-y-procedimientos-de-diagnostico-neurologico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/neurological-diagnostic-tests-and-procedures-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguro de salud: comprender qué cubre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguro-medico-entendiendo-lo-que-este-cubre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/health-insurance-understanding-covers/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios preventivos para una vida sana" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/servicios-preventivos-para-una-vida-sana/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/preventive-services-healthy-living/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vista de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se convierten los exámenes de detección (del cáncer) en pruebas estándar?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/deteccion/aspectos-generales-deteccion-paciente-pdq#_149" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/patient-screening-overview-pdq#_34">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Hacer o no hacer pruebas de detección?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/hacer-o-no-hacer-pruebas-de-deteccion" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/03/screen-or-not-screen">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un examen de detección del cáncer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/deteccion/aspectos-generales-deteccion-paciente-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/patient-screening-overview-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Eye cancer is rare. Learn about symptoms, treatments and the different types, including retinoblastoma. It most often affects young children." title="Eye Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html" id="491" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cancer of the eye is uncommon. It can affect the outer parts of the eye, such as the eyelid, which are made up of muscles, skin and nerves. If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it's called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular cancers in adults are melanoma and lymphoma. The most common eye cancer in children is retinoblastoma, which starts in the cells of the retina.  Cancer can also spread to the eye from other parts of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for eye cancer varies by the type and by how advanced it is. It may include surgery, radiation therapy, freezing or heat therapy, or laser therapy. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html" id="1893" language="Spanish">Cáncer de ojo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005134">Eye Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5404">Eyelid Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intraocular Melanoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Retinoblastoma</see-reference>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Foundation for the Blind" url="https://www.afb.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancers Affecting the Retina" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/cancers-affecting-the-retina" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-retina/c%C3%A1nceres-que-afectan-la-retina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/child-intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eye Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eye+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Retinoblastoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Retinoblastoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Retinoblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/retinoblastoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Symptoms" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid Growths" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/eyelid-growths" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/excrecencias-en-los-p%C3%A1rpados">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Retinoblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/retinoblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-retinoblastoma-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lacrimal gland tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001611.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as an Eye Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma of the eye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001022.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nevus (Eye Freckle)" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-nevus" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/nevo">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eye+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retinoblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001030.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinoblastoma" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinoblastoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/retinoblastoma">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinoblastoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/retinoblastoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Eye Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq#_19" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_30">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Retinoblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq#_27" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/retinoblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-retinoblastoma-pdq#_27">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq#_59" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_88">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Intraocular [Uveal] Melanoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq#_38" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_55">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Retinoblastoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/patient/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq#_43" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/retinoblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-retinoblastoma-pdq#_43">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Eye Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/about/what-is-eye-cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Retinoblastoma?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-retinoblastoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-retinoblastoma">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New In Eye Cancer Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/eye-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many things you can do to keep your eyes healthy. To help protect your vision, wear sunglasses, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and have regular eye exams." title="Eye Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html" id="6425" language="English" date-created="01/31/2017">
<also-called>Eye health</also-called>
<also-called>Eye safety</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your eyes are an important part of your health. Most people rely on their eyes to see and make sense of the world around them. But some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html"&gt;eye diseases&lt;/a&gt; can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vision loss&lt;/a&gt;, so it is important to identify and treat eye diseases as early as possible. You should get your eyes checked as often as your health care provider recommends it, or if you have any new vision problems. And just as it is important to keep your body healthy, you also need to keep your eyes healthy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Eye Care Tips&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are things you can do to help keep your eyes healthy and make sure you are seeing your best:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eat a healthy, balanced diet.&lt;/strong&gt; Your diet should include plenty or fruits and vegetables, especially deep yellow and green leafy vegetables. Eating fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut can also help your eyes.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maintain a healthy weight.&lt;/strong&gt; Being overweight or having obesity increases your risk of developing diabetes. Having diabetes puts you at higher risk of getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;diabetic retinopathy&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html"&gt;glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get regular exercise.&lt;/strong&gt; Exercise may help to prevent or control diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. These diseases can lead to some eye or vision problems. So if you exercise regularly, you can lower your risk of getting these eye and vision problems.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wear sunglasses.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;Sun exposure&lt;/a&gt; can damage your eyes and raise your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;cataracts&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;age-related macular degeneration&lt;/a&gt;. Protect your eyes by using sunglasses that block out 99 to 100% of both UV-A and UV-B radiation.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wear protective eye wear.&lt;/strong&gt; To prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html"&gt;eye injuries&lt;/a&gt;, you need eye protection when playing certain sports, working in jobs such as factory work and construction, and doing repairs or projects in your home.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoid smoking.&lt;/strong&gt; Smoking increases the risk of developing age-related eye diseases such as macular degeneration and cataracts and can damage the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html"&gt;optic nerve&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your family medical history.&lt;/strong&gt; Some eye diseases are inherited, so it is important to find out whether anyone in your family has had them. This can help you determine if you are at higher risk of developing an eye disease.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your other risk factors.&lt;/strong&gt; As you get older, you are at higher risk of developing age-related eye diseases and conditions. It is important to know you risk factors because you may be able to lower your risk by changing some behaviors.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you wear contacts, take steps to prevent eye infections.&lt;/strong&gt; Wash your hands well before you put in or take out your contact lenses. Also follow the instructions on how to properly clean them, and replace them when needed.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Give your eyes a rest.&lt;/strong&gt; If you spend a lot of time using a computer, you can forget to blink your eyes and your eyes can get tired. To reduce eyestrain, try the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look away about 20 feet in front of you for 20 seconds.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Eye Tests and Exams&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Everyone needs to have their eyesight tested to check for vision and eye problems. Children usually have vision screening in school or at their health care provider's office during a checkup. Adults may also get vision screenings during their checkups. But many adults need more than a vision screening. They need a comprehensive dilated eye exam.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Getting comprehensive dilated eye exams is especially important because some eye diseases may not have warning signs. The exams are the only way to detect these diseases in their early stages, when they are easier to treat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The exam includes several tests:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A visual field test to measure your side (peripheral) vision. A loss of peripheral vision may be a sign of glaucoma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A visual acuity test, where you read an eye chart about 20 feet away, to check on how well you see at various distances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tonometry, which measures your eye's interior pressure. It helps to detect glaucoma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dilation, which involves getting eye drops that dilate (widen) your pupils. This allows more light to enter the eye. Your eye care provider examines your eyes using a special magnifying lens. This provides a clear view of important tissues at the back of your eye, including the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html"&gt;retina&lt;/a&gt;, macula, and optic nerve.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;refractive error&lt;/a&gt; and are going to need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html"&gt;glasses or contacts&lt;/a&gt;, then you will also have a refraction test. When you have this test, you look through a device that has lenses of different strengths to help your eye care professional figure out which lenses will give you the clearest vision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At what age you should start getting these exams and how often you need them depends on many factors. They include your age, race, and overall health.  For example, if you are African American, you are at higher risk of glaucoma and you need to start getting the exams earlier. If you have diabetes, you should get an exam every year. Check with your health care provider about if and when you need these exams.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html" id="6426" language="Spanish">Cuidado de los ojos y la visión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005123">Eye</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html" id="4398">Eye Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html" id="492">Eye Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html" id="201">Eye Wear</related-topic>
<site title="About the Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/about-eye">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging and Your Eyes" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Nutrition" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/diet-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/dieta-nutricion">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Difference Between an Ophthalmologist, Optometrist, and Optician" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/difference-between-an-ophthalmologist-optometrist-and-optician">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Exam and Vision Testing Basics" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Injury Prevention" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/preventing-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/lesiones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Protection" url="https://www.marshfieldresearch.org/Media/Default/NFMC/PDFs/EyeProtection.2.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Farm Medicine Center</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Safety at Home" url="https://preventblindness.org/eye-safety-at-home/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Prevent Blindness America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fireworks Eye Safety" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/fireworks-aerial-sparkler-accident-eye-injury" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/fuegos-artificiales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid Tips" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/first-aid-tips">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foods for Eye Health" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/5-top-foods-for-eye-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Four Fantastic Foods to Keep Your Eyes Healthy" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/four-fantastic-foods" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/noticias/cuatro-alimentos-fantasticos-para-mantener-sus-ojo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get a Dilated Eye Exam" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/hagase-un-examen-de-los-ojos-con-dilatacion-de-las-pupilas">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get an Eye Disease Screening at 40" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/screening" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/establecer-una-base-los-40-anos">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Professional Eye Care" url="https://preventblindness.org/getting-professional-eye-care/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Prevent Blindness America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Living, Healthy Vision" url="https://preventblindness.org/healthy-living-healthy-vision/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Prevent Blindness America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Vision Tips" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/healthy-vision-tips">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Smoking and Vaping Damage the Eyes?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/smokers" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/fumar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep Your Eyes Healthy" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/keep-your-eyes-healthy" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/mantenga-sus-ojos-sanos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Eyes from Sun Damage" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/protect-your-eyes-sun-damage" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/proteja-sus-ojos-del-dano-solar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protective Eyewear" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/protective-eyewear">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eye%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety Glasses and Protective Eyewear" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-protective-eyewear" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/anteojos-gafas-protectoras">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports and Your Eyes" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/sports-and-your-eyes">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stay on TRACK To Prevent Blindness From Diabetes" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-06/Stay-on-TRACK-To-Prevent-Blindness-From-Diabetes.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/Si-tiene-diabetes-siga-estos-consejos-prevenir-perdida-vision.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ten Ways to Prevent Eye Injuries at Work" url="https://preventblindness.org/ten-ways-to-prevent-eye-injuries-at-work/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Prevent Blindness America</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Visual System" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/visual-system">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tired, Achy Eyes? Finding Relief for Eye Discomfort" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/09/tired-achy-eyes">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vision Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Aging Eyes: How You See as Time Goes By" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/your-aging-eyes" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sus-ojos-envejecidos">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Some eye problems are minor and go away. Others can cause vision loss. Learn about diseases of the eye, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment." title="Eye Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247" language="English" date-created="03/15/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Some eye problems are minor and don't last long. But some can lead to a permanent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;loss of vision&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Common eye problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html"&gt;Refractive errors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;Cataracts&lt;/a&gt; - clouded lenses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html"&gt;Optic nerve disorders&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html"&gt;glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html"&gt;Retinal disorders&lt;/a&gt; - problems with the nerve layer at the back of the eye&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;Macular degeneration&lt;/a&gt; - a disease that destroys sharp, central vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;Diabetic eye problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Conjunctivitis - an  infection also known as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html"&gt;pink eye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your best defense is to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html"&gt;regular checkups&lt;/a&gt;, because eye diseases do not always have symptoms. Early detection and treatment could prevent vision loss. See an eye care professional right away if you have a sudden change in vision, if everything looks dim, or if you see flashes of light. Other symptoms that need quick attention are pain, double vision, fluid coming from the eye, and inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los ojos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005128">Eye Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/eyediseases.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amblyopia.html" id="6189">Amblyopia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html" id="116">Cataract</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorblindness.html" id="4400">Color Blindness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cornealdisorders.html" id="5532">Corneal Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1340">Diabetic Eye Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html" id="491">Eye Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html" id="6425">Eye Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html" id="4398">Eye Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html" id="492">Eye Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html" id="5873">Eye Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html" id="201">Eye Wear</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5404">Eyelid Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html" id="42">Glaucoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html" id="313">Macular Degeneration</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html" id="6427">Optic Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html" id="4946">Pink Eye</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html" id="946">Refractive Errors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html" id="6141">Retinal Detachment</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html" id="1681">Retinal Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tears.html" id="5410">Tears</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165">Vision Impairment and Blindness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ophthalmology</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pinguecula</see-reference>
<site title="Abnormal Head Position" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/abnormal-head-position">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Common Eye Disorders and Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/about-eye-disorders/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About the Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/about-eye">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the senses" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004013.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Foundation for the Blind" url="https://www.afb.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aniridia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/aniridia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aniridia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aniridia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anisocoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003314.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anisocoria and Horner's Syndrome" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/anisocoria-and-horners-syndrome">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/anophthalmia-and-microphthalmia">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-vitreoretinochoroidopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blau syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/blau-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bosma-arhinia-microphthalmia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choroidal dystrophies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000595.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choroideremia" url="https://www.fightingblindness.org/diseases/choroideremia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Foundation Fighting Blindness</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eye Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eye+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coloboma of the iris" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003318.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003318.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coloboma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/coloboma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-stromal-corneal-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Nutrition" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/diet-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/dieta-nutricion">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enucleation" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/enucleation">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episcleritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001019.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Excessive Blinking in Children" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/excessive-blinking-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
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<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
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<site title="Your Eyes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/eye.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Eye infections can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Learn about the different types, including styes, and their symptoms and treatment." title="Eye Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html" id="4398" language="English" date-created="08/15/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your eyes can get infections from bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Eye infections can occur in different parts of the eye and can affect just one eye or both. Two common eye infections are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Conjunctivitis - also known as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html"&gt;pink eye&lt;/a&gt;. Conjunctivitis is often due to an infection. Children frequently get it, and it is very contagious. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stye - a bump on the eyelid that happens when bacteria from your skin get into the hair follicle of an eyelash.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of eye infections may include redness, itching, swelling, discharge, pain, or problems with vision. Treatment depends on the cause of the infection and may include compresses, eye drops, creams, or antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinfections.html" id="4399" language="Spanish">Infecciones de los ojos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015817">Eye Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html" id="4946">Pink Eye</related-topic>
<site title="About the Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/about-eye">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acanthamoeba Keratitis FAQs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/acanthamoeba/gen_info/acanthamoeba_keratitis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-bacterial-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-bacteriana">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blepharitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/blepharitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blepharitis" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/blefaritis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blepharitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001619.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cellulitis" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/cellulitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eye Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eye+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CMV retinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000665.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal ulcers and infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001032.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dacryoadenitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001625.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dacryocystitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/dacryocystitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/dacriocistitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endophthalmitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001626.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endophthalmitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/uveitis-and-related-disorders/endophthalmitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye burning - itching and discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003034.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Eye-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Paginas/eye-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Infections from Contact Lenses" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/contact-lens-related-eye-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/infecciones-relacionadas-con-lentes-de-contacto-2">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Problems: Symptom Checker Flowchart" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye redness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003031.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Symptoms" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Eye Infections Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal-eye-infections/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-fungal-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-fungica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Cosmetics Safely around Your Eyes" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-makeup" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/uso-de-maquillaje-en-los-ojos">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Eye Drops" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/eye-drops">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Eye Ointments and Gels" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/eye-gels">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammation of the Orbit" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eye-socket-disorders/inflammation-of-the-orbit" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-cavidad-ocular-%C3%B3rbita/inflamaci%C3%B3n-de-la-%C3%B3rbita">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meibomianitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001621.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/molluscum-contagiosum">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NEI for Kids: Glossary" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Never Buy Decorative Contact Lenses without a Prescription" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/scary-lenses" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/noticias/peligros-de-los-lentes-de-contacto-de-color">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orbital cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000736.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periorbital cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000976.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eye+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shingles" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shingles/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/culebrilla-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slit-lamp exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stye (Sty)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trachoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001486.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichiasis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/trichiasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/triquiasis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Herpes Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/herpes-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-herpetica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Eye injuries can cause eye strain, or be serious enough to damage your vision. Read about common causes, prevention, first aid, and other treatments." title="Eye Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html" id="492" language="English" date-created="06/21/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The structure of your face helps protect your eyes from injury. Still, injuries can damage your eye, sometimes severely enough that you could lose your vision. Most eye injuries are preventable. If you play sports or work in certain jobs, you may need protection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common type of injury happens when something irritates the outer surface of your eye. Certain jobs such as industrial jobs or hobbies such as carpentry make this type of injury more likely. It's also more likely if you wear contact lenses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chemicals or heat can burn your eyes. With chemicals, the pain may cause you to close your eyes.  This traps the irritant next to the eye and may cause more damage. You should wash out your eye right away while you wait for medical help.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html" id="1895" language="Spanish">Lesiones del ojo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005131">Eye Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html" id="6141">Retinal Detachment</related-topic>
<see-reference>Protective Eye Wear</see-reference>
<site title="About the Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/about-eye">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black Eye" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/black-eye" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ojo-negro">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black Eye: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-black-eye/basics/ART-20056675?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-black-eye/basics/art-20056675?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black Eyes (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/black-eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/black-eyes.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blinking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000010.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blowout Fracture" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/blowout-fracture">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Splash in the Eye: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-eye-emergency/basics/ART-20056647?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-eye-emergency/basics/art-20056647?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eye Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eye+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Abrasion" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/corneal-abrasion?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Abrasions" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/corneal-abrasions">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Abrasions (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/corneal-abrasions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/corneal-abrasions.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Foreign Body" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/corneal-foreign-body?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000035.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000035.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corneal injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001017.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Laceration" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-corneal-laceration" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-una-laceracion-de-la-cornea">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enucleation" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/enucleation">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye - foreign object in" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002084.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000054.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Injury and Safety" url="https://aapos.org/glossary/eye-injury-and-safety">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Injury Prevention" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/preventing-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/lesiones">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Safety at Home: Preventing Eye Injuries" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-in-home" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/prevenir-lesiones-oculares-en-casa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Symptoms" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluorescein eye stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003845.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyphema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001021.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macular Pucker" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/macular-pucker" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/pliegue-macular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NEI for Kids: Glossary" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Never Buy Decorative Contact Lenses without a Prescription" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/scary-lenses" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/noticias/peligros-de-los-lentes-de-contacto-de-color">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Object in Eye or Skin, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-foreign-objectin-eye-or-skin?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevent Workplace Eye Injuries" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/en-el-trabajo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Eye Injuries (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eye-injury.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eye-injury.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eye+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing and Treating Eye Injuries" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/reconociendo-las-lesiones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safety Glasses and Protective Eyewear" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-protective-eyewear" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/anteojos-gafas-protectoras">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slit-lamp exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports and Eye Safety: Tips for Parents and Teachers" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/sports-and-eye-safety-tips-parents-and-teachers" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/los-deportes-y-la-seguridad-de-los-ojos-recomendaciones-para-padres-y-maestros">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Hyphema?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-hyphema" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hifema">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about eye movement disorders, such as strabismus, where the eyes point in different directions, and nystagmus, which causes rapid eye movements." title="Eye Movement Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html" id="5873" language="English" date-created="09/06/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you look at an object, you're using several muscles to move both eyes to focus on it. If you have a problem with the muscles, the eyes don't work properly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many kinds of eye movement disorders. Two common ones are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Strabismus - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction. This results in "crossed eyes" or "walleye."&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nystagmus - fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes, sometimes called "dancing eyes"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some eye movement disorders are present at birth. Others develop over time and may be associated with other problems, such as injuries. Treatments include glasses, patches, eye muscle exercises, and surgery. There is no cure for some kinds of eye movement disorders, such as most kinds of nystagmus.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html" id="5874" language="Spanish">Trastornos de movimiento del ojo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015835">Ocular Motility Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Crossed Eyes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nystagmus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Squint</see-reference>
<see-reference>Strabismus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Walleye</see-reference>
<site title="Abnormal Head Position" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/abnormal-head-position">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Duane Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Duane-Syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Accommodative Esotropia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/accommodative-esotropia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Strabismus (Eye Misalignment)" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/adult-strabismus">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomy of the Eye" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/anatomy-of-the-eye">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anesthesia for Adults Having Eye Surgery" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/anesthesia-for-adults-having-eye-surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-with-oculomotor-apraxia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brown Syndrome" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/brown-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nystagmus, Pathologic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nystagmus,+Pathologic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ocular Motility Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ocular+Motility+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Strabismus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Strabismus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-fibrosis-of-the-extraocular-muscles">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conjugate Gaze Palsies" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/cranial-nerve-disorders/conjugate-gaze-palsies" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-los-pares-craneales/par%C3%A1lisis-de-la-mirada-conjugada">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convergence Insufficiency" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/convergence-insufficiency">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cranial mononeuropathy III" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000698.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000698.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cranial mononeuropathy VI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000690.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cranial Nerve Palsy" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/cranial-nerve-palsy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dissociated Vertical Deviation" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dissociated-vertical-deviation">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duane Syndrome" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/duane-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duane-radial ray syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/duane-radial-ray-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esotropia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/esotropia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extraocular muscle function testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003397.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye muscle repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002961.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye muscle repair - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000111.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye muscle repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100062_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100062_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fourth Nerve (Superior Oblique) Palsy" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/fourth-nerve-palsy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/horizontal-gaze-palsy-with-progressive-scoliosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/cranial-nerve-disorders/internuclear-ophthalmoplegia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-los-pares-craneales/oftalmoplejia-internuclear">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isolated Duane retraction syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-duane-retraction-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monocular Elevation Deficiency" url="https://aapos.org/glossary/monocular-elevation-deficiency">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monofixation Syndrome (MFS)" url="https://aapos.org/glossary/monofixation-syndrome-mfs">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nystagmus" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-nystagmus" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/nistagmo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nystagmus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003037.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nystagmus" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/nystagmus">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oculomotor Apraxia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/oculomotor-apraxia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Photoscreening" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/photoscreening">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prisms" url="https://engage.aapos.org/glossary/prisms">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive external ophthalmoplegia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-external-ophthalmoplegia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-psp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Movement Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ocular+Motility+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sixth Nerve Palsy" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/sixth-nerve-palsy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strabismus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001004.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strabismus" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/strabismus">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strabismus Measurements" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/strabismus-measurements">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strabismus Surgery" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/strabismus-surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001624.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Third Nerve Palsy" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/third-nerve-palsy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videonystagmography (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vision Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vision Therapy" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/vision-therapy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Adult Strabismus?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-strabismus" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/estrabismo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Microvascular Cranial Nerve Palsy?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/microvascular-cranial-nerve-palsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/paralisis-microvascular-del-nervio-craneal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-linked infantile nystagmus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-infantile-nystagmus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You may wear glasses or contact lenses to correct your vision, or goggles to protect your eyes. These are types of eye wear. Read about using them." title="Eye Wear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html" id="201" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<also-called>Contact lenses</also-called>
<also-called>Eyeglasses</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Eye wear protects or corrects your vision. Examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sunglasses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Safety goggles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Glasses (also called eyeglasses)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contact lenses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;If you need corrective lenses, you may be able to choose between contacts or glasses.   Either usually requires a prescription. Almost anyone can wear glasses.  Contact lenses require more careful handling. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many jobs and some sports carry a risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html"&gt;eye injury&lt;/a&gt;. Thousands of children and adults get eye injuries every year. Most are preventable with proper eye protection. Everyone is at risk for eye damage from the sun year-round. It's important to regularly use sunglasses that block out at least 99% of UV rays.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html" id="1896" language="Spanish">Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003261">Contact Lenses</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005139">Eyeglasses</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html" id="946">Refractive Errors</related-topic>
<see-reference>Contact Lenses</see-reference>
<see-reference>Eyeglasses</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glasses</see-reference>
<see-reference>Protective Eye Wear</see-reference>
<site title="Aging and Your Eyes" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Contact Lenses" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Contact+Lenses%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eyeglasses" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Eyeglasses%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colored and Decorative Contact Lenses: A Prescription Is a Must" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/colored-and-decorative-contact-lenses-prescription-must" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/se-necesita-una-receta-medica-para-adquirir-lentes-de-contacto-cosmeticos-y-de-colores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contact Lens Care" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/contact-lens-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/cuidado-de-los-lentes-de-contacto-contact-lens-care">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contact Lens Risks" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/contact-lenses/contact-lens-risks">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contact Lenses for Vision Correction" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/contact-lens-102" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/anteojos-lentes-de-contacto/lentes-de-contacto">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Infections from Contact Lenses" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/contact-lens-related-eye-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/infecciones-relacionadas-con-lentes-de-contacto-2">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor of Optometry" url="https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/find-a-doctor?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Focusing on Contact Lens Safety" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/focusing-contact-lens-safety" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-importancia-de-la-seguridad-de-los-lentes-de-contacto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glasses for Children" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/glasses-for-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Choose Eyeglasses for Vision Correction" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/glasses" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/anteojos-lentes-de-contacto/anteojos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protective Eyewear" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/protective-eyewear">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Wear" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Contact+Lenses%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Eyeglasses%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recommended Types of Sunglasses" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/sunglasses-recommended-types" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/anteojos-lentes-de-contacto/tipos-recomendados-anteojos-de-sol">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safety Glasses and Protective Eyewear" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-protective-eyewear" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/anteojos-gafas-protectoras">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sun, UV Light, and Your Eyes" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/sun" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-sol-la-radiacion-uv-y-sus-ojos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Stay Safe in the Sun: From Sunscreen to Sunglasses" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-stay-safe-sun-sunscreen-sunglasses" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consejos-para-mantenerse-seguro-bajo-el-sol-desde-la-proteccion-solar-hasta-las-gafas-de-sol">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Contact Lenses" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/contact-lenses/types-contact-lenses">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What To Know If Your Child Wants Contact Lenses" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-know-if-your-child-wants-contact-lenses" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-si-su-hijo-quiere-lentes-de-contacto">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Your Risk of Eye Damage from UV Light?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-damage-from-uv-light" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/algunas-personas-estan-en-mayor-riesgo-de-sufrir">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your eyelids help protect your eyes. But they can droop, twitch, or become infected or inflamed. Learn about eyelid disorders and their treatment." title="Eyelid Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5404" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your eyelids help protect your eyes. When you blink, your eyelids spread moisture over your eyes. Blinking also helps move dirt or other particles off the surface of the eye.  You close your eyelids when you see something coming toward your eyes.  This can help protect against injuries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Like most other parts of your body, your eyelids can get infected, inflamed, or even develop cancer. There are also specific eyelid problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eyelids that turn in or out&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eyelids that droop&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal blinking or twitching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment of eyelid problems depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html" id="5405" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los párpados</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005141">Eyelid Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blepharospasm</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chalazion</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ptosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stye</see-reference>
<site title="Bell's Palsy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Benign Essential Blepharospasm" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/benign-essential-blepharospasm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blepharitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001619.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blepharitis" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/blefaritis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blepharitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/blepharitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/blepharophimosis-ptosis-and-epicanthus-inversus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blepharoplasty - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100183_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100183_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blepharospasm" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharospasm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/blefaroespasmo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chalazion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001006.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blepharoptosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blepharoptosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blepharospasm" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blepharospasm%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chalazion" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chalazion%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Eyelid Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Eyelid+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dark Circles under Eyes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/dark-circles-under-eyes/basics/definition/SYM-20050624?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/dark-circles-under-eyes/basics/definition/sym-20050624?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Droopy Eyelids (Ptosis)" url="https://www.asoprs.org/ptosis-photos">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectropion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001007.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entropion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001008.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epiblepharon" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/epiblepharon">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epicanthal folds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003030.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye (Blepharoplasty) and Brow Lift Photos" url="https://www.asoprs.org/eye-and-brow-lift-photos">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Problems: Symptom Checker Flowchart" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Symptoms" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Twitching" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/eye-twitching/basics/definition/SYM-20050838?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid bump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid drooping" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001018.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid Growths" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/eyelid-growths" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/excrecencias-en-los-p%C3%A1rpados">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid lift" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002977.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid Problems" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/pages/Eyelid-Problems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/eyes/paginas/eyelid-problems.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid Trouble? Managing Blepharitis" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/12/eyelid-trouble" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-con-los-parpados">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid twitch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000756.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Treatment" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/meibomian-gland-dysfunction-and-treatment">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NEI for Kids: Glossary" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oculoplastic procedures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000781.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palpebral slant - eye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003316.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003316.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ptosis" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/ptosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ptosis - infants and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003035.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003035.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eyelid+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stye (Hordeolum and Chalazion)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/hordeolum-and-chalazion-stye?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stye (Sty)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Styes and Chalazia" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-chalazia-styes" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/chalazion-orzuelo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichiasis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/trichiasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/triquiasis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xanthelasma Palpebrarum" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/xanthelasma-palpebrarum?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Face injuries and disorders can cause pain and affect how you look. In severe cases, they affect sight, speech, breathing and ability to swallow." title="Facial Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1574" language="English" date-created="11/20/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Face injuries and disorders can cause pain and affect how you look. In severe cases, they can affect sight, speech, breathing and your ability to swallow. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), especially in the bones of your nose, cheekbone and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;jaw&lt;/a&gt;, are common facial injuries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain diseases also lead to facial disorders. For example, nerve diseases like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trigeminalneuralgia.html"&gt;trigeminal neuralgia&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html"&gt;Bell's palsy &lt;/a&gt;sometimes cause facial pain, spasms and trouble with eye or facial movement. Birth defects can also affect the face. They can cause underdeveloped or unusually prominent facial features or a lack of facial expression. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;Cleft lip and palate&lt;/a&gt; are a common facial birth defect.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1897" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019465">Craniofacial Abnormalities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005151">Facial Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html" id="1219">Bell's Palsy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="191">Cleft Lip and Palate</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html" id="5757">Craniofacial Abnormalities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1400">Nose Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="38">Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2729">Trigeminal Neuralgia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Craniofacial Injuries</see-reference>
<site title="Blowout Fracture" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/blowout-fracture">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniofacial Abnormalities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Craniofacial+Abnormalities%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Facial Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Facial+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coffin Lowry Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/coffin-lowry-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coffin-Lowry syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/coffin-lowry-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corrective Jaw Surgery" url="https://myoms.org/what-we-do/corrective-jaw-surgery/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Face pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003027.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial nerve palsy due to birth trauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001425.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial paralysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003028.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial Reanimation Surgery" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/facial-reanimation-surgery/about/pac-20556545?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/facial-reanimation-surgery/about/pac-20556545?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003105.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial Swelling" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/facial-swelling/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/hinchazon-de-la-cara/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial tics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001410.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial trauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001062.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon" url="https://myoms.org/find-a-surgeon/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Freeman-Sheldon syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/freeman-sheldon-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemifacial Spasm" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hemifacial-spasm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/melkersson-rosenthal-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Moebius Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/moebius-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Moebius syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/moebius-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parry-Romberg Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/parry-romberg-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facial Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Facial+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Craniofacial+Abnormalities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scar Revision: Understanding Facial Scar Treatment" url="https://www.aafprs.org/Consumers/Procedures/FacialRejuvenation/Scar/A/FR11.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Facial Injury" url="https://myoms.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ebook_facial_Injury_R.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fainting, or syncope, is a brief loss of consciousness when blood flow to the brain suddenly drops. Know the causes and what to do if someone faints." title="Fainting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html" id="1481" language="English" date-created="05/16/2001">
<also-called>Syncope</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness. If you're about to faint, you'll feel dizzy, lightheaded, or nauseous. Your field of vision may "white out" or "black out."  Your skin may be cold and clammy.  You lose muscle control at the same time, and may fall down.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fainting usually happens when your blood pressure &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;drops&lt;/a&gt; suddenly, causing a decrease in blood flow to your brain. It is more common in older people. Some causes of fainting include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heat or dehydration &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Emotional distress &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Standing up too quickly &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drop in blood sugar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart problems &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When someone faints, make sure that the airway is clear and check for breathing. The person should stay lying down for 10-15 minutes.  Most people recover completely. Fainting is usually nothing to worry about, but it can sometimes be a sign of a serious problem. If you faint, it's important to see your health care provider and find out why it happened. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html" id="1898" language="Spanish">Desmayo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013575">Syncope</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4242">Autonomic Nervous System Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html" id="1225">Low Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Syncope</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vasovagal Syncope</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Syncope" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Syncope%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Syncope, Vasovagal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Syncope,+Vasovagal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dizziness and Fainting in Children and Teens" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/pages/Dizziness-and-Fainting-Spells.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/paginas/dizziness-and-fainting-spells.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fainting/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/desmayos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fainting-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fainting-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003092.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fainting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fainting.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting (Syncope)" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/fainting-syncope">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/fainting.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting during Urination (Micturition Syncope): What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/FAQ-20058084?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/faq-20058084?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-fainting/basics/ART-20056606?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-fainting/basics/art-20056606?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Rhythm Society" url="https://www.hrsonline.org/patient-resources">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Heart Rhythm Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fainting" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Syncope%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Syncope" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/syncope">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Syncope (Fainting)" url="https://upbeat.org/early-warning-signs/syncope">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Heart Rhythm Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tilt Table Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasovagal Syncope" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/symptoms-causes/syc-20350527?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/symptoms-causes/syc-20350527?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La insuficiencia cardiaca (ICC) es una condición en la cual el corazón no puede bombear la cantidad de sangre necesaria. Síntomas y tratamiento. " title="Fallo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>ICC</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia cardíaca</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia cardíaca (o fallo cardiaco) significa que el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo. La insuficiencia cardíaca no significa que su corazón se haya detenido o esté a punto de dejar de latir. Pero sin suficiente flujo de sangre, es posible que sus órganos no funcionen bien, lo que puede causar problemas graves.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia cardíaca puede afectar uno o ambos lados de su corazón:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;En la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado derecho&lt;/strong&gt;, su corazón es demasiado débil para bombear suficiente sangre a sus pulmones para obtener oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;En la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo&lt;/strong&gt;, su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno hacia su cuerpo. Esto sucede cuando el lado izquierdo de su corazón se vuelve:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Demasiado débil para bombear sangre suficiente&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Demasiado grueso o rígido para relajarse y llenarse con suficiente sangre&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo es más común que la del lado derecho.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia cardíaca puede comenzar repentinamente después de que una afección médica o una lesión dañan el músculo cardíaco. Pero en la mayoría de los casos, la insuficiencia cardíaca se desarrolla lentamente a partir de afecciones médicas de larga duración.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Las afecciones que pueden causar insuficiencia cardíaca incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt; (problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html"&gt;Cardiomiopatía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; u otros tipos de enfermedades cardíacas con las que nace&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;Ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;Coágulo de sangre en el pulmón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades pulmonares&lt;/a&gt; graves, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo puede provocar insuficiencia cardíaca del lado derecho.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia cardíaca puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Tanto  hombres como mujeres pueden tenerla, pero a menudo los hombres la desarrollan a una edad más temprana que las mujeres. Su probabilidad de tener insuficiencia cardíaca aumenta si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene 65 años o más:&lt;/strong&gt; El envejecimiento puede debilitar y endurecer el músculo cardíaco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su historia de salud familiar&lt;/strong&gt; incluye parientes que tienen o han tenido insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;cambios en sus genes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; que afectan el tejido de su corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene hábitos que pueden dañar su corazón&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Comer alimentos altos en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sodio&lt;/a&gt; (sal)&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Tener un estilo de vida inactivo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;Consumir drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene otros problemas médicos que pueden afectar su corazón&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cualquier afección del corazón o de los vasos sanguíneos, incluyendo presión arterial alta&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades pulmonares graves&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Infección, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Obesidad&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;Enfermedad por sobrecarga de hierro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tratamientos contra el cáncer que pueden dañar su corazón, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Es afroamericano:&lt;/strong&gt; Los afroamericanos tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca y tener casos más graves a edades más tempranas que las personas de otras razas. Factores como el estigma, la discriminación, los ingresos, la educación y la región geográfica también pueden afectar el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca dependen del lado del corazón afectado y de la gravedad de la afección. La mayoría de los síntomas son causados por la reducción del flujo sanguíneo a los órganos y la acumulación de líquido en el cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La acumulación de líquido ocurre porque el flujo de sangre por el corazón es demasiado lento. Como resultado, la sangre se acumula en los vasos que la devuelven al corazón. El líquido puede escaparse de los vasos sanguíneos y acumularse en los tejidos del cuerpo, causando hinchazón (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;edema&lt;/a&gt;) y otros problemas.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Sensación de falta de aire&lt;/a&gt; (como si no pudiera obtener suficiente aire) cuando hace cosas como subir escaleras. Este puede ser uno de los primeros síntomas que note&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt; o debilidad incluso después del descanso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón y aumento de peso por líquido en los tobillos, la parte inferior de las piernas o el abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para dormir cuando está acostado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea&lt;/a&gt; y pérdida del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón en las venas de su cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html"&gt;Necesidad de orinar seguido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Al principio, es posible que no tenga síntomas o que sean leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, en general sus síntomas le molestarán más.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas causa la insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La acumulación de líquido y la reducción del flujo de sangre a sus órganos pueden causar problemas graves, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/strong&gt; por el líquido dentro y alrededor de los pulmones (también llamado insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Daño &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renal&lt;/a&gt; o hepático&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html"&gt;Desnutrición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; si la acumulación de líquidos hace que comer sea incómodo o si su estómago no recibe suficiente flujo de sangre para digerir los alimentos bien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Otras afecciones cardíacas&lt;/strong&gt;, como latidos cardíacos irregulares y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;paro cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;Hipertensión pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene insuficiencia cardíaca, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo los familiares que han tenido insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-peptidos-natriureticos-bnp-nt-probnp/"&gt;prueba de péptido natriurético cerebral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades del corazón) para realizarle pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su tratamiento dependerá del tipo de insuficiencia cardíaca que tenga y de su gravedad. No hay cura para la insuficiencia cardíaca. Pero el tratamiento puede ayudarle a vivir más tiempo con menos síntomas.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Incluso con tratamiento, en general la insuficiencia cardíaca empeora con el tiempo, por lo que es probable que necesite tratamiento por el resto de su vida.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los planes de tratamiento incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumir menos sodio y beber menos líquidos para controlar la acumulación de fluidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer otros cambios, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;, controlar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; y hacer tanta actividad física como le recomiende su profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar cualquier afección que pueda empeorar la insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;cirugía cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; si:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un defecto cardíaco congénito o daño en el corazón que se puede reparar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El lado izquierdo de su corazón se está debilitando y podría ayudar colocarle un dispositivo en el pecho. Los dispositivos incluyen:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;desfibrilador cardioversor implantable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un marcapasos biventricular&lt;/strong&gt; (terapia de resincronización cardíaca)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Una bomba cardíaca mecánica&lt;/strong&gt; (dispositivo de asistencia ventricular o un corazón artificial total)&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su cardiólogo recomienda un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de corazón&lt;/a&gt; porque su insuficiencia cardíaca es potencialmente mortal y nada más está ayudando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como parte de su tratamiento, deberá prestar mucha atención a sus síntomas, ya que la insuficiencia cardíaca puede empeorar repentinamente. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir un programa de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; para ayudarle a aprender a manejar su afección.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la insuficiencia cardíaca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda prevenir o retrasar la insuficiencia cardíaca si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabaja con su profesional de la salud para manejar cualquier afección que aumente su riesgo de tener insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realiza cambios saludables en su alimentación, ejercicio y otros hábitos diarios para ayudar a prevenir enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199" language="English">Heart Failure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3448">Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html" id="1944">Trasplante de corazón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cardíaco, Fallo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cardíaco, Insuficiencia</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000114.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000114.htm">
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</site>
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<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003624.htm">
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Betabloqueantes" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/betabloqueantes/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía hipertensiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000163.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugías y dispositivos para la insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000363.htm">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Cor pulmonale" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000129.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos para la insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000365.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener una lectura precisa con oxímetros de pulso" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Derrame pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000086.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digoxina: Un medicamento para problemas del corazón" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/digoxina-un-medicamento-para-problemas-del-corazon/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/digoxin-a-medicine-for-heart-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción diastólica" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/disfuncion-diastolica/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diastolic-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007268.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos de asistencia ventricular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/dispositivos-de-asistencia-ventricular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ventricular-assist-devices/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema pulmonar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-edema/symptoms-causes/syc-20377009?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del péptido natriurético cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007509.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes para la insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000366.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatomegalia congestiva" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/trastornos-vasculares-del-h%C3%ADgado/hepatopat%C3%ADa-congestiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/blood-vessel-disorders-of-the-liver/congestive-hepatomegaly">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (ECA)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/inhibidores-de-la-enzima-convertidora-de-la-angiotensina-eca/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardiaca" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/insuficiencia-cardiaca-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/heart-failure.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardiaca: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373148?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/insuficiencia-cardiaca/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000158.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17469/insuficiencia-cardiaca-congestiva/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congestive-heart-failure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congestive-heart-failure.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007698.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007698.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca en niños: Cuidados en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000940.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000940.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca: Líquidos y diuréticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000112.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia cardíaca: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000224.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000224.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación digitálica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000165.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000364.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo de la insuficiencia cardíaca en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000113.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nitratos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitratos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitrates/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un ECG (electrocardiograma)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-ekg.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cloruro en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cloruro-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chloride-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de péptidos natriuréticos (BNP, NT-proBNP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-peptidos-natriureticos-bnp-nt-probnp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/natriuretic-peptide-tests-bnp-nt-probnp/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con el oxígeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007343.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo vivir con insuficiencia cardiaca?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/how-can-live-heartfailure_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/how-can-i-live-with-heart-failure.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la insuficiencia cardiaca?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-heartfailure_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/What-is-Heart-Failure_UCM_308848_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un corazón artificial total?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon-artificial-total" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/total-artificial-heart">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="We all fall down sometimes. Most of the time falls are not serious. But some falls can be dangerous. Learn  how to prevent falls. " title="Falls" url="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html" id="1661" language="English" date-created="06/06/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Falls can be dangerous at any age. Babies and young children can get hurt falling off furniture or down the stairs. Older children may fall off playground equipment. For older adults, falls can be especially serious. They are at higher risk of falling. They are also more likely to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fracture&lt;/a&gt; (break) a bone when they fall, especially if they have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;. A broken bone, especially when it is in a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hip&lt;/a&gt;, may even lead to disability and a loss of independence for older adults. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some common causes of falls include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;Balance problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some medicines, which can make you feel dizzy, confused, or slow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcohol, which can affect your balance and reflexes&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Muscle weakness, especially in your legs, which can make it harder for you to get up from a chair or keep your balance when walking on an uneven surface.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain illnesses, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;low blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;neuropathy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slow reflexes, which make it hard to keep your balance or move out of the way of a hazard&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tripping or slipping due to loss of footing or traction&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At any age, people can make changes to lower their risk of falling. It important to take care of your health, including getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html"&gt;eye exams&lt;/a&gt;. Regular exercise may lower your risk of falls by strengthening your muscles, improving your balance, and keeping your bones strong. And you can look for ways to make your house safer. For example, you can get rid of tripping hazards and make sure that you have rails on the stairs and in the bath. To reduce the chances of breaking a bone if you do fall, make sure that you get enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html" id="2262" language="Spanish">Caídas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000058">Accidental Falls</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/falls.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html" id="5953">Balance Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html" id="3858">Wounds and Injuries</related-topic>
<see-reference>Accidents</see-reference>
<site title="About Older Adult Fall Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/falls/about/">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="After a fall in the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000441.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Balance Problems" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/balance-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Geriatrics Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Balance Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/balance-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-del-equilibrio/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bathroom safety for adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000021.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Accidental Falls" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=falls&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercises to help prevent falls" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000493.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Falls" url="https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fall Prevention: Simple Tips to Prevent Falls" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/fall-prevention/art-20047358?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/fall-prevention/art-20047358?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fall Risk Assessment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fall-risk-assessment/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-riesgo-de-caidas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Falls and Fractures in Older Adults: Causes and Prevention" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/falls-and-falls-prevention/falls-and-fractures-older-adults-causes-and-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/caida/prevenga-caidas-fracturas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Falls Prevention: Unique to Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/falls-prevention/unique">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Accidents or Unintentional Injuries" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/accidental-injury.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Your Balance" url="https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/patients/treatment/exercisesafe-movement/keeping-your-balance/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing falls" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000052.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing falls - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000254.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000254.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Falls and Hip Fractures" url="https://www.cdc.gov/falls/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Falls: Tips to Keep You on Your Feet" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/09/preventing-falls" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/prevencion-de-caidas">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Falls" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Accidental+Falls%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your family history should be more than making a family tree. It also includes learning about your family's health. Learn more. " title="Family History" url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html" id="4484" language="English" date-created="06/14/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your family history includes health information about you and your close relatives. Families have many factors in common, including their genes, environment, and lifestyle. Looking at these factors can help you figure out whether you have a higher risk for certain health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having a family member with a disease raises your risk, but it does not mean that you will definitely get it. Knowing that you are at risk gives you a chance to reduce that risk by following a healthier lifestyle and getting tested as needed. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can get started by talking to your relatives about their health. Draw a family tree and add the health information. Having copies of medical &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html"&gt;records&lt;/a&gt; and death certificates is also helpful. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html" id="4485" language="Spanish">Historia familiar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008487">Medical History Taking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html" id="3811">Genetic Counseling</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html" id="1597">Healthy Living</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html" id="3892">Personal Health Records</related-topic>
<site title="About Family Health History" url="https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Family History" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22family+history%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creating a family health history" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000947.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Family Health History for Adults" url="https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/adult/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics, Disease Prevention and Treatment" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Genetics-Disease-Prevention-and-Treatment">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="My Family Health History" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/healthdisp/pdf/tipsheets/My-Family-Health-History.pdf">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Human Genome Research Institute" url="https://www.genome.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Family History" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Medical+History+Taking%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Why is it important to know my family medical history?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/inheritance/familyhistory">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There is no such thing as a typical family. Learning about family issues might help you and your family resolve conflicts and communicate better. " title="Family Issues" url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyissues.html" id="525" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;There are many kinds of families. Some have two parents, while others have a single parent. Sometimes there is no parent and grandparents raise grandchildren. Some children live in foster families, adoptive families, or in stepfamilies.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Families are much more than groups of people who share the same genes or the same address. They should be a source of love and support. This does not mean that everyone gets along all the time. Conflicts are a part of family life. Many things can lead to conflict, such as illness, disability, addiction, job loss, school problems, and marital  issues.  Listening to each other and working to resolve conflicts are important in strengthening the family.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyissues.html" id="1899" language="Spanish">Asuntos familiares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005190">Family</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007398">Interpersonal Relations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyissues.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parenting.html" id="1495">Parenting</related-topic>
<see-reference>Stepfamilies</see-reference>
<site title="Administration for Children and Families" url="https://www.acf.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Children and Families</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adoption and Foster Care" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy" url="https://www.aamft.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Divorce" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-and-Divorce-001.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-el-Divorcio-001.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Family" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Family%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Divorce" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/divorce-cope.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/divorce-cope.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Divorce" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/deal-with-divorce.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/deal-with-divorce.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Family Arguments" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/Family-Arguments.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/family-arguments.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Marriage and Divorce" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/marriage-divorce.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Alone Children" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Home-Alone-Children-046.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-que-se-Quedan-Solos-en-la-Casa-046.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Support Your Child's Resilience in a Time of Crisis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Building-Resilience/Pages/How-to-Support-Your-Childs-Resilience-in-a-Time-of-Crisis.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importance of Family Routines" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/The-Importance-of-Family-Routines.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-importance-of-family-routines.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Improving Family Communications" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/pages/Improving-Family-Communications.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/improving-family-communications.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infidelity: Mending Your Marriage after an Affair" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Parents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-with-Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-and-Transgender-Parents-092.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Families" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Families-In-The-Military-088.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Familias-en-el-Servicio-Militar-088.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myth of the Perfect Family" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/The-Perfect-Family.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-perfect-family.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Foster Care and Adoption Directory" url="https://www.childwelfare.gov/resources/states-territories-tribes/nfcad/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal Functioning Family" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/Normal-Family-Functioning.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/normal-family-functioning.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing Your Child for a New Sibling" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sibling-prep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sibling-prep.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Family therapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Family%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Interpersonal+Relations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Roles Within the Family" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/Roles-Within-the-Family.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Running Away" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/running-away.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/running-away.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stepsiblings" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/types-of-families/pages/Stepsiblings.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/types-of-families/paginas/stepsiblings.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Grandchildren" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/grandkids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/grandkids.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thinking about Adoption" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/Questions-About-Adoption.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/paginas/questions-about-adoption.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: International Adoption" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/international-adoption">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Divorce?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/divorces.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/divorces.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Fight with My Parents So Much?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fight.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Todo el mundo se siente cansado de vez en cuando. Entérese cuándo es solo cansancio y cuándo es fatiga aquí." title="Fatiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html" id="5325" language="Spanish" date-created="06/21/2010">
<also-called>Cansancio extremo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la fatiga?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La fatiga es una sensación de cansancio, agotamiento o falta de energía. Puede interferir con sus actividades diarias habituales. La fatiga puede ser una respuesta normal a la actividad física, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; emocional, el aburrimiento o la falta de sueño. Pero a veces puede ser un signo de un problema físico o mental. Si se siente cansado durante semanas, hable con su profesional de la salud. Éste puede ayudarle a encontrar la causa de su fatiga y recomendarle formas de aliviarla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la fatiga?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La fatiga en sí misma no es una enfermedad, es un síntoma. Puede tener muchas causas diferentes, incluyendo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; y diversos problemas médicos, tratamientos y hábitos de estilo de vida como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas médicos:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades crónicas (de larga duración) como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica) y enfermedades del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;corazón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;riñón&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;Dolor&lt;/a&gt; no tratado y enfermedades como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fibromyalgia.html"&gt;fibromialgia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt; y otros trastornos del sueño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; reciente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos mentales&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tratamientos:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tratamientos contra el cáncer como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplantes de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recuperación tras una cirugía mayor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;, antihistamínicos y medicamentos para las náuseas y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hábitos de estilo de vida:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No dormir lo suficiente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quedarse despierto hasta tarde&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beber demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;Consumo de sustancias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar demasiada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt; (lo que puede impedir que obtenga el descanso necesario durante la noche)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer muy poco o demasiado ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;La fatiga extrema es parte de un trastorno llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html"&gt;encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica&lt;/a&gt; (EM/SFC). La fatiga causada por este trastorno es diferente a una sensación de cansancio que desaparece después de descansar. En cambio, la fatiga en EM/SFC dura mucho tiempo, no mejora con el descanso y limita su capacidad para realizar sus actividades diarias habituales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer para controlar la fatiga?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si ha tenido fatiga que no mejora después de varias semanas, hable con su profesional de la salud. El proveedor le hará preguntas sobre su sueño, actividades diarias, apetito y ejercicio. Probablemente le hará un examen físico y solicitará pruebas de laboratorio. Una vez que establezca un diagnóstico, podrá indicarle qué tratamientos pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede hacer algunos cambios en su estilo de vida para sentirse menos cansado:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Haga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Mejore sus hábitos de sueño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Deje de fumar&lt;/a&gt; (si fuma), ya que fumar está relacionado con muchas enfermedades que pueden provocar fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controle el estrés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consuma una dieta saludable y evite el alcohol&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede resultarle útil llevar un diario de fatiga. Esto puede ayudar a encontrar patrones a lo largo del día, como cuando se siente más cansado y cuando tiene más energía. También puede ayudarle a planificar actividades que puedan brindarle más energía.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html" id="5324" language="English">Fatigue</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" id="1821">Encefalomielitis miálgica/Síndrome de fatiga crónica</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer: Maneje la fatiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fatiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003088.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fatiga relacionada con el cáncer: Por qué ocurre y cómo afrontarla" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-fatigue/art-20047709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-fatigue/ART-20047709?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fatiga y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fatiga" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fatigue">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fatiga: Más que estar cansado" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/fatiga/fatiga-mas-estar-cansado" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/fatigue/fatigue-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se siente fatigado? Encontrar posibles causas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/se-siente-fatigado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/11/feeling-fatigued">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you tired? Find out about some of the common and uncommon causes of fatigue and how to help yourself. " title="Fatigue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html" id="5324" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<also-called>Tiredness</also-called>
<also-called>Weariness</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is fatigue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. It can interfere with your usual daily activities. Fatigue can be a normal response to physical activity, emotional &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, boredom, or lack of sleep. But sometimes it can be a sign of a mental or physical condition. If you have been feeling tired for weeks, contact your health care provider. They can help you find out what's causing your fatigue and recommend ways to relieve it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes fatigue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fatigue itself is not a disease; it's a symptom. It can have many different causes, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; and various medical problems, treatments, and lifestyle habits such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medical problems:&lt;/strong&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Chronic (long-lasting) diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid&lt;/a&gt; diseases&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Untreated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; and diseases like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fibromyalgia.html"&gt;fibromyalgia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Recent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Mental disorders&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Treatments:&lt;/strong&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cancer treatments such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;bone marrow transplants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Recovering from major surgery&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Taking certain medicines, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, antihistamines, and medicines for nausea and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle habits:&lt;/strong&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Not getting enough sleep&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Staying up too late&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Drinking too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;Substance use&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Having too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt; (which can keep you from getting a good night's sleep)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Getting too little or too much exercise&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Overwhelming fatigue is part of a disorder called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html"&gt;myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (ME/CFS). The fatigue caused by this disorder is different from a tired feeling that goes away after you rest. Instead, the fatigue in ME/CFS lasts a long time, does not get better with rest, and limits your ability to do ordinary daily activities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can I do to manage fatigue?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you've had fatigue that does not get better after several weeks, call your provider. They will ask questions about your sleep, daily activities, appetite, and exercise. They will likely do a physical exam and order lab tests. Once they decide on a diagnosis, they can tell you what treatments might help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also make some lifestyle changes to feel less tired:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Get regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Improve your sleep habits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Stop smoking&lt;/a&gt; (if you smoke), since smoking is linked to many diseases that can cause fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manage stress&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat a healthy diet and avoid alcohol&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It also may be helpful for you to keep a fatigue diary. This can help you find patterns throughout the day, such as when you feel more tired and when you have more energy. It can also help you plan for activities that may give you more energy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html" id="5325" language="Spanish">Fatiga</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005221">Fatigue</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fatigue.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" id="89">Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tiredness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Weariness</see-reference>
<site title="Cancer Fatigue" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fatigue" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fatiga">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Fatigue: Why It Occurs and How to Cope" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-fatigue/ART-20047709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-fatigue/art-20047709?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fatigue" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fatigue%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with cancer - managing fatigue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000916.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/corticosteroid-binding-globulin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fatigue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003088.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/ms-symptoms/fatigue">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fatigue in Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/fatigue/fatigue-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/fatiga/fatiga-mas-estar-cansado">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feeling Fatigued? Finding Possible Causes" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/11/feeling-fatigued" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/se-siente-fatigado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="IBD and Fatigue" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/pain-and-fatigue/fatigue-causes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fatigue" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fatigue%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="With fatty liver disease, fat builds up in your liver. Learn about the two types: one is caused by heavy drinking and the other has an unknown cause." title="Fatty Liver Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html" id="6465" language="English" date-created="04/26/2017">
<also-called>Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</also-called>
<also-called>Alcoholic Steatohepatitis</also-called>
<also-called>NAFLD</also-called>
<also-called>NASH</also-called>
<also-called>Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</also-called>
<also-called>Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is fatty liver disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt; is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Fatty liver disease is a condition in which fat builds up in your liver. There are two main types:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcoholic fatty liver disease, also called alcoholic steatohepatitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NAFLD is a type of fatty liver disease that is not related to heavy alcohol use. There are two kinds:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Simple fatty liver, in which you have fat in your liver but little or no inflammation or liver cell damage. Simple fatty liver typically does not get bad enough to cause liver damage or complications.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in which you have inflammation and liver cell damage, as well as fat in your liver. Inflammation and liver cell damage can cause fibrosis, or scarring, of the liver. NASH may lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;liver cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is alcoholic fatty liver disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alcoholic fatty liver disease is due to heavy alcohol use. Your liver breaks down most of the alcohol you drink, so it can be removed from your body. But the process of breaking it down can generate harmful substances. These substances can damage liver cells, promote inflammation, and weaken your body's natural defenses. The more alcohol that you drink, the more you damage your liver.  Alcoholic fatty liver disease is the earliest stage of alcohol-related liver disease. The next stages are alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for fatty liver disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. Researchers do know that it is more common in people who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are middle aged or older (although children can also get it)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are Hispanic, followed by non-Hispanic whites. It is less common in African Americans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have high levels of fats in the blood, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglycerides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take certain drugs, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt; and some cancer drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;metabolic disorders&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have rapid weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain infections, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have been exposed to some toxins&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;NAFLD affects about 25% of people in the world. As the rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol are rising in the United States, so is the rate of NAFLD. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disorder in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Alcoholic fatty liver disease only happens in people who are heavy drinkers, especially those who have been drinking for a long period of time. The risk is higher for heavy drinkers who are women, have obesity, or have certain genetic mutations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of fatty liver disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease are usually silent diseases with few or no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you may feel tired or have discomfort in the upper right side of your abdomen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is fatty liver disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Because there are often no symptoms, it is not easy to find fatty liver disease. Your doctor may suspect that you have it if you get abnormal results on liver tests that you had for other reasons. To make a diagnosis, your doctor will use:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Various tests, including blood and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, and sometimes a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As part of the medical history, your doctor will ask about your alcohol use, to find out whether fat in your liver is a sign of alcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). He or she will also ask which medicines you take, to try to determine whether a medicine is causing your NAFLD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During the physical exam, your doctor will examine your body and check your weight and height. Your doctor will look for signs of fatty liver disease, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An enlarged liver&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Signs of cirrhosis, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;jaundice&lt;/a&gt;, a condition that causes your skin and whites of your eyes to turn yellow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You will likely have blood tests, including liver function tests and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html"&gt;blood count tests&lt;/a&gt;. In some cases you may also have imaging tests, like those that check for fat in the liver and the stiffness of your liver. Liver stiffness can mean fibrosis, which is scarring of the liver. In some cases you may also need a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, and to check how bad the liver damage is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for fatty liver disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Doctors recommend weight loss for nonalcoholic fatty liver. Weight loss can reduce fat in the liver, inflammation, and fibrosis. If your doctor thinks that a certain medicine is the cause of your NAFLD, you should stop taking that medicine.  But check with your doctor before stopping the medicine. You may need to get off the medicine gradually, and you might need to switch to another medicine instead.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are no medicines that have been approved to treat NAFLD. Studies are investigating whether a certain diabetes medicine or Vitamin E can help, but more studies are needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most important part of treating alcohol-related fatty liver disease is to stop drinking alcohol. If you need help doing that, you may want to see a therapist or participate in an alcohol recovery program. There are also medicines that can help, either by reducing your cravings or making you feel sick if you drink alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Both alcoholic fatty liver disease and one type of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) can lead to cirrhosis. Doctors can treat the health problems caused by cirrhosis with medicines, operations, and other medical procedures. If the cirrhosis leads to liver failure, you may need a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html"&gt;liver transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are some lifestyle changes that can help with fatty liver disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any of the types of fatty liver disease, there are some lifestyle changes that can help:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat a healthy diet, limiting salt and sugar, plus eating lots of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get vaccinations for hepatitis &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html"&gt;A&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html"&gt;B&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html"&gt;pneumococcal disease&lt;/a&gt;. If you get hepatitis A or B along with fatty liver, it is more likely to lead to liver failure. People with chronic liver disease are more likely to get infections, so the other two vaccinations are also important.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;exercise&lt;/a&gt;, which can help you lose weight and reduce fat in the liver&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talk with your doctor before using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;dietary supplements&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, or any &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;complementary or alternative medicines or medical practices&lt;/a&gt;. Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;herbal remedies&lt;/a&gt; can damage your liver.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html" id="6466" language="Spanish">Hígado graso</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065626">Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005235">Fatty Liver, Alcoholic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</see-reference>
<site title="Alcohol-Related Liver Disease" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/alcohol-related-liver-disease/alcohol-related-liver-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/hepatopat%C3%ADa-alcoh%C3%B3lica/hepatopat%C3%ADa-alcoh%C3%B3lica">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcoholic liver disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000281.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fatty Liver" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fatty+Liver%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fatty Liver, Alcoholic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fatty+Liver,+Alcoholic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Non-alcoholic+Fatty+Liver+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryptogenic cirrhosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cryptogenic-cirrhosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definition and Facts of NAFLD and NASH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/definition-facts">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/diagnosis">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for NAFLD and NASH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/eating-diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elastography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/elastography/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastografia/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fatty Liver" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/fatty-liver" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/manifestaciones-cl%C3%ADnicas-de-las-enfermedades-hep%C3%A1ticas/h%C3%ADgado-graso">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fighting Fatty Liver: Steps Against a Silent Disease" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/10/fighting-fatty-liver" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/luchar-contra-el-higado-graso">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007657.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-del-higado-graso-no-alcoholico-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fatty Liver Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Non-alcoholic+Fatty+Liver+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Fatty+Liver%2C+Alcoholic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of NAFLD and NASH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for NAFLD and NASH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/treatment">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infertility is when a woman can't get pregnant after a year or keeps having miscarriages. Read about female infertility, its causes, and treatments." title="Female Infertility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html" id="5654" language="English" date-created="10/06/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after at least one year of trying (or 6 months if the woman is over age 35). If a woman keeps having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriages&lt;/a&gt;, it is also called infertility.  Female infertility can result from age, physical problems, hormone problems, and lifestyle or environmental factors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most cases of infertility in women result from problems with producing eggs. In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html"&gt;primary ovarian insufficiency&lt;/a&gt;, the ovaries stop functioning before natural menopause.  In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PCOS), the ovaries may not release an egg regularly or they may not release a healthy egg.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About a third of the time, infertility is because of a problem with the woman. One third of the time, it is a problem with the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html"&gt;man&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes no cause can be found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think you might be infertile, see your doctor. There are tests that may tell if you have fertility problems. When it is possible to find the cause, treatments may include medicines, surgery, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;assisted reproductive technologies&lt;/a&gt;. Happily, many couples treated for infertility are able to have babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html" id="5655" language="Spanish">Infertilidad en la mujer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007247">Infertility, Female</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6242">Assisted Reproductive Technology</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html" id="250">Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html" id="5656">Male Infertility</related-topic>
<see-reference>Infertility, Female</see-reference>
<site title="Anti-Müllerian Hormone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Reproductive Technology: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infertility, Female" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infertility,+Female%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="D and C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="D and C - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endometriosis and Infertility: Can Surgery Help?" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/english-pdf/endometriosis_and_infertility_can_surgery_help-factsheet.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/endometriosis_causa_infertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estradiol blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003711.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fallopian Tubes: Is Pregnancy Possible with Only One?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/FAQ-20058418?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/faq-20058418?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/female/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Issues in Girls and Women with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-mujeres">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Treatments for Females" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments/treatments-women" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos-mujeres">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/hysterosalpingogram-hsg/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-pdf/histerosalpingografia-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterosalpingography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hysterosalpingography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003404.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertility" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intracytoplasmic sperm injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Karyotype Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy: A Guide for Patients" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/english-pdf/laparoscopy_and_hysteroscopy-booklet.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-pdf/laparoscopia_e_histeroscopia-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications for Inducing Ovulation" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/medications-for-inducing-ovulation-booklet/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/medicamentos_para_inducir_la_ovulacion-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Drilling for Infertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/ovarian-drilling-for-infertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-pdf/perforacion_ovarica_para_el_tratamiento_de_la_infertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000094.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000094.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovulation home test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007062.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progesterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prolactin-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-prolactina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Female infertility" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infertility%2C+Female%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recurrent hydatidiform mole: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/recurrent-hydatidiform-mole">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reproductive Infertility" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/infertility" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/infertilidad-y-la-mujer">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serum progesterone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003714.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003714.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Side Effects of Injectable Fertility Drugs (Gonadotropins)" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/side-effects-of-injectable-fertility-drugs-gonadotropins/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/spanish/efectos.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonohysterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosono" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosono">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Diseases that Cause Infertility" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments/diseases" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos-enfermedades">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Infertility Resulting from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/treatments/infertility" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/infertilidad">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trying to Conceive" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight and Fertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/weight-and-fertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-pdf/peso_y_fertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Age-Related Factors May Be Involved with Infertility in Females and Males?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/causes/age" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/edad">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Causes of Infertility?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La fenilcetonuria es un trastorno genético en el cual el organismo no puede procesar parte de una proteína llamada fenilalanina. Diagnóstico y manejo." title="Fenilcetonuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html" id="2087" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La fenilcetonuria (FCU) es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno del metabolismo de los aminoácidos&lt;/a&gt;. Si lo tiene, su organismo no puede procesar fenilalanina. La fenilalanina es un aminoácido, un compuesto fundamental de las proteínas. Esta se encuentra en casi todos los alimentos. Cuando los niveles de fenilalanina suben demasiado, esta proteína puede dañar el cerebro y causar una discapacidad intelectual grave. En la actualidad, todos los bebés que nacen en hospitales de los Estados Unidos deben someterse a una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html"&gt;evaluación&lt;/a&gt; para detectar la fenilcetonuria. Esto facilita el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El mejor tratamiento para la FCU es una dieta con alimentos con baja cantidad de proteínas. Existen leches con fórmulas especiales para los recién nacidos. En el caso de los niños mayores y los adultos la dieta incluye muchas frutas y vegetales. También incluye algunos panes, pastas y cereales con bajo nivel de proteínas. Unos preparados especiales que se usan como complemento nutricional suministran las vitaminas y los minerales que no pueden obtenerse por medio de la comida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los bebés que reciben esta dieta especial poco tiempo después de su nacimiento se desarrollan normalmente. Muchos no tienen síntomas de FCU. Es importante que continúen con esta dieta por el resto de sus vidas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/phenylketonuria.html" id="1231" language="English">Phenylketonuria</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921">Enfermedades genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" id="4042">Evaluación del recién nacido</related-topic>
<see-reference>FCU</see-reference>
<site title="Fenilcetonuria" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fenilcetonuria" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/fenilcetonuria.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/pku-phenylketonuria-your-baby">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenilcetonuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001166.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenilcetonuria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/phenylketonuria/symptoms-causes/syc-20376302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/phenylketonuria/symptoms-causes/syc-20376302?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenilcetonuria (PKU) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-fenilketonuria-materna/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/Maternal_PKU.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de fenilalanina sérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003362.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de fenilcetonuria (FCU)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-deteccion-de-fenilcetonuria-fcu/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phenylketonuria-pku-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sustitutos para el azúcar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sustitutos-para-el-azucar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/sugar-substitutes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes la fenilcetonuria?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos comunes para la fenilcetonuria?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de servicios médicos la fenilcetonuria?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El fenómeno de Raynaud es un trastorno de los vasos sanguíneos. Hace que los dedos de las manos y de los pies se enfríen y se entumezcan cuando tiene frío o está estresado. Aprende más." title="Fenómeno de Raynaud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="2120" language="Spanish" date-created="11/03/2003">
<also-called>Enfermedad de Raynaud</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El fenómeno de Raynaud es una afección que afecta los vasos sanguíneos (las vías por las que fluye la sangre). Provoca que los vasos sanguíneos se estrechen, lo que disminuye el flujo sanguíneo. Esto se conoce como episodio de Raynaud o "ataque". Los ataques suelen afectar los dedos de las manos y los pies, causando que se enfríen y entumezcan. También pueden cambiar de color, generalmente blanquecino o azulado. Estos ataques ocurren en respuesta a las bajas temperaturas o al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El fenómeno de Raynaud también puede se conoce como enfermedad o síndrome de Raynaud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de fenómeno de Raynaud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fenómeno de Raynaud primario&lt;/strong&gt;: Es el tipo más común. Se desconoce su causa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fenómeno de Raynaud secundario&lt;/strong&gt;: Suele ser causado por otra enfermedad o problema, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html"&gt;esclerodermia&lt;/a&gt;. Otras causas pueden ser la exposición al frío o a ciertos químicos. Este tipo puede ser más serio que el primario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no saben exactamente por qué algunas personas desarrollan el fenómeno de Raynaud, pero sí comprenden cómo ocurren los ataques. Cuando se expone al frío, su cuerpo intenta frenar la pérdida de calor y mantener su temperatura. Para esto, los vasos sanguíneos en la capa superior de la piel se contraen (se estrechan). Esto mueve la sangre desde los vasos cercanos a la superficie hacia los vasos más profundos del cuerpo. Pero cuando tiene el fenómeno de Raynaud, los vasos sanguíneos de las manos y los pies reaccionan al frío o al estrés estrechándose rápidamente. También permanecen estrechos durante mucho tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar el fenómeno de Raynaud, pero algunas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollarlo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;fenómeno primario de Raynaud&lt;/strong&gt; se ha relacionado con:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: Las mujeres lo padecen con más frecuencia que los hombres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: En general, se desarrolla en personas menores de 30 años. A menudo comienza en la adolescencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares de fenómeno de Raynaud&lt;/strong&gt;: Es más probable que usted tenga fenómeno de Raynaud si un familiar suyo lo padece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;fenómeno de Raynaud secundario&lt;/strong&gt; se ha relacionado con:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertas enfermedades&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas incluyen lupus, esclerodermia, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome del túnel carpiano&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del tejido conectivo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Los medicamentos que tratan la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html"&gt;migrañas&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad&lt;/a&gt; (TDAH) pueden causar síntomas similares al fenómeno de Raynaud o empeorar sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposiciones relacionadas con el trabajo&lt;/strong&gt;: esto incluye uso frecuente de maquinaria vibratoria (como un martillo neumático) o exposición al frío o a ciertos productos químicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los ataques de Raynaud ocurren con mayor frecuencia cuando tiene frío, por ejemplo, cuando toma algo frío del congelador o entra en un edificio con aire acondicionado en un día cálido. Los ataques suelen afectar los dedos de manos y pies. Pero a veces pueden afectar otras partes del cuerpo, como los oídos, la nariz, los labios o los pezones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un ataque hace que la piel se enfríe y se entumezca. Su piel también puede volverse blanca o azul debido a la falta de oxígeno. A medida que regresa el flujo sanguíneo, la piel puede sentir hormigueo, palpitación o enrojecerse. Un ataque puede durar minutos u horas. Si tiene la piel más oscura, es posible que no pueda ver fácilmente sus cambios de color.
Para muchas personas, especialmente aquellas con el tipo primario, los síntomas son leves. Las personas con tipo secundario suelen tener síntomas más graves. Pueden desarrollar úlceras en la piel (llagas abiertas causadas por poco flujo sanguíneo) o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html"&gt;infecciones de la piel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticar el fenómeno de Raynaud. Para saber si lo tiene, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Considerar su historia clínica y preguntarle sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solicitar análisis de sangre y otras pruebas de laboratorio para detectar otras afecciones que podrían estar causando sus síntomas y/o para ayudar a decidir qué tipo de fenómeno de Raynaud tiene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con fenómeno de Raynaud pueden controlar sus síntomas evitando el frío. Pero si esto no fuera suficiente, los medicamentos y, en algunos casos, las cirugías pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que el fenómeno de Raynaud secundario sea grave y necesite más tratamientos. También es importante tratar la afección o problema que está causando el fenómeno de Raynaud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite consultar a un especialista como un reumatólogo, un especialista que trata enfermedades de las articulaciones, los músculos y los huesos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el fenómeno de Raynaud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El fenómeno de Raynaud no se puede prevenir, pero usted puede ayudar a prevenir ataques y controlar sus síntomas al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Colocar las manos o los pies en un lugar cálido cuando tenga un ataque. Esto puede incluir ponerlos bajo agua tibia (no caliente) o debajo de una almohadilla térmica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantener el cuerpo, especialmente las manos y los pies, calientes en climas fríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar los desencadenantes, como ciertos medicamentos y el estrés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; (o no empezar a fumar)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlar el estrés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="381" language="English">Raynaud Phenomenon</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<site title="Alfabloqueantes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/alpha-blockers/art-20044214?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/alpha-blockers/ART-20044214?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueadores de los canales de calcio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/art-20047605?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/ART-20047605?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Raynaud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-raynaud-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Raynaud: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363572?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad mixta del tejido conjuntivo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20375147?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20375147?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenómeno de Raynaud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000412.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenómeno de Raynaud" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/fenomeno-de-raynaud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estimulación por frío" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estimulacion-por-frio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cold-stimulation-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sabañones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chilblains/symptoms-causes/syc-20351097?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chilblains/symptoms-causes/syc-20351097?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Raynaud (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/raynauds-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/raynauds-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tromboangeítis obliterante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000172.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un feocromocitoma es un tumor raro que suele comenzar en las células de una de las glándulas suprarrenales. Síntomas y tratamientos." title="Feocromocitoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pheochromocytoma.html" id="2088" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un feocromocitoma es un tumor raro que suele comenzar en las células de una de las glándulas suprarrenales. Aunque por lo general son  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;benignos&lt;/a&gt; (no cancerosos), con frecuencia, los feocromocitomas causan que la glándula suprarrenal produzca demasiadas hormonas. Esto puede conducir a un aumento de la presión arterial y causar síntomas, tales como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudoración&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palpitaciones cardiacas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Temblor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palidez extrema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas veces, los feocromocitomas son parte de otro cuadro denominado síndrome de neoplasia endocrina múltiple. Con frecuencia, las personas con este síndrome tienen otros cánceres y otros problemas relacionados con las hormonas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para el diagnóstico, los doctores usan diversas pruebas y tests con imágenes. El tratamiento más común es la cirugía.  Otras opciones incluyen radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pheochromocytoma.html" id="1237" language="English">Pheochromocytoma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="1724">Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales</related-topic>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (feocromocitoma y paraganglioma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#_61" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catecolaminas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003613.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del feocromocitoma y el paraganglioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#_35" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de catecolaminas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003561.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de las glándulas suprarrenales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007437.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feocromocitoma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pheochromocytoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355367?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pheochromocytoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355367?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feocromocitoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000340.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feocromocitoma y paraganglioma" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pheochrom/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feocromocitoma y paraganglioma: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feocromocitoma: ¿Tiene cura?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/cura">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía con MIBG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003830.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el feocromocitoma y el paraganglioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el feocromocitoma y el paraganglioma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-infantil-pdq#_6">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de catecolaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-catecolaminas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/catecholamine-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del feocromocitoma y el paraganglioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#_106" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#section/_147">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del feocromocitoma y paraganglioma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/child-pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿A qué edad suelen diagnosticarse los feocromocitomas?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/edad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las causas del feocromocitoma?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes del feocromocitoma?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pheochrom/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el feocromocitoma?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el feocromocitoma?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pheochrom/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Drinking alcohol while pregnant can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe is fetal alcohol syndrome. Learn the risks and   available treatments and therapies." title="Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300" language="English" date-created="06/07/2000">
<also-called>FASD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during a pregnancy. That includes the earliest stages, before you even know you are pregnant. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Drinking during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; can cause a group of conditions called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Children who are born with FASD can have a mix of problems, such as medical, behavioral, educational, and social problems. The kinds of problems they have depend on which type of FASD they have. The problems could include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Small head size&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shorter-than-average height&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low body weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hyperactive behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty with attention and memory&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learning disabilities and difficulty in school&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speech and language delays&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intellectual disability or low IQ&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor reasoning and judgment skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleep and sucking problems as a baby&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision or hearing problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most serious type of FASD. People with fetal alcohol syndrome have facial abnormalities, including wide-set and narrow eyes, growth problems and nervous system abnormalities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diagnosing FASD can be hard because there is no medical test, like a blood test, for it. The health care provider will make a diagnosis by looking at the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd-screening/"&gt;child's signs and symptoms&lt;/a&gt; and asking whether the mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but treatments can help. These include medicines to help with some symptoms, medical care for health problems, behavior and education therapy, and parent training. A good treatment plan is specific to the child's problems. It should include close monitoring, follow-ups, and changes when needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain "protective factors" can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people who have them reach their full potential. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diagnosis before 6 years of age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Absence of violence around them&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Involvement in special education and social services&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while you are pregnant, or when you might get pregnant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901" language="Spanish">Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063647">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="120">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385">Pregnancy and Substance Use</related-topic>
<see-reference>FAS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fetal Alcohol Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/fasd/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fetal+Alcohol+Spectrum+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on FASDs (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/?adree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-alcoholismo-fetal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-teaf/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Alcohol Syndrome" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/fetal-alcohol-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal alcohol syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000911.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fetal+Alcohol+Spectrum+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of FASDs (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/fasd/treatments.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/informacion-sobre-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You want your baby to be healthy as she grows during each trimester. Find out about fetal health and development. " title="Fetal Health and Development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6057" language="English" date-created="10/01/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A normal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; lasts nine months. Each three-month period of pregnancy is called a trimester. During each trimester, the fetus grows and develops. Regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;medical checkups&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prenatal tests&lt;/a&gt; are very important. They can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Help keep you and your baby healthy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spot &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;problems with your baby&lt;/a&gt; (if there are any). In some cases, health care professionals can treat the problem before your baby is born.  But even when they cannot, it can still be helpful to know about the problem early on. That gives you time to learn about your baby's condition and prepare for any challenges you may face after the baby is born.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;problems during delivery&lt;/a&gt;. For example, if your baby is breech (bottom first or feet first, instead of head first), you may need to have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;Cesarean section&lt;/a&gt; to avoid complications.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Besides getting medical care, there are other things you can do to keep your baby as healthy as possible. It's important &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;not to drink or smoke&lt;/a&gt;.  Try to eat a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;healthy diet&lt;/a&gt; and make sure to take care of any &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;health problems you have during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6058" language="Spanish">Salud y desarrollo fetal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005315">Fetal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D047109">Fetal Development</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html" id="6105">Birth Weight</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html" id="5893">Childbirth Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fetal Development" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fetal+Development%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fetal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fetal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fetal development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002398.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal echocardiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007340.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Growth Restriction" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intrauterine-growth-restriction/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/retraso-del-crecimiento-intrauterino-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrops fetalis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007308.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrops Fetalis/Erythroblastosis Fetalis" url="https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/fetal-concerns-center/conditions/infant-complications/hydrops-fetalis-erythroblastosis-fetalis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Children's Hospital and Health System, Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intrauterine growth restriction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001500.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Health and Development" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fetal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Fetal+Development%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Pregnancy" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Risks of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia to the Fetus?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/risk-fetus" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/riesgos-feto">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's Development: The First Trimester" url="https://familydoctor.org/your-babys-development-the-first-trimester/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/el-desarrollo-de-su-bebe-el-primer-trimestre/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's Development: The Second Trimester" url="https://familydoctor.org/your-babys-development-the-second-trimester/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/el-desarrollo-de-su-bebe-el-segundo-trimestre/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's Development: The Third Trimester" url="https://familydoctor.org/your-babys-development-the-third-trimester/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/el-desarrollo-de-su-bebe-tercer-trimestre/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you running a temperature? Learn what can cause a fever and how to know when a fever can be dangerous. " title="Fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html" id="511" language="English" date-created="01/05/2000">
<also-called>Pyrexia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can vary from person to person, but it is usually around 98.6 °F (37 °C). A fever is not a disease. It is usually a sign that your body is trying to fight an illness or infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;Infections&lt;/a&gt; cause most fevers. You get a fever because your body is trying to kill the virus or bacteria that caused the infection. Most of those bacteria and viruses do well when your body is at your normal temperature. But if you have a fever, it is harder for them to survive. Fever also activates your body's immune system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other causes of fevers include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, including some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;blood pressure medicines&lt;/a&gt;, and anti-seizure medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html"&gt;Heat illness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;childhood vaccines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the cause of your fever. If the fever is very high, your health care provider may recommend taking an over-the-counter medicine such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Adults can also take aspirin, but children with fevers should not take aspirin. It is also important to drink enough liquids, to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html" id="1902" language="Spanish">Fiebre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005334">Fever</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fever.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hot (Temperature)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pyrexia</see-reference>
<site title="An Acetaminophen Overdose Is Serious and It Can Happen Easier Than You Might Think" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fever" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fever%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryopyrin-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndromes (CAPS)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/cryopyrin-associated-autoinflammatory-syndromes-caps" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindromes-autoinflamatorios-asociados-a-la-criopirina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-cold-autoinflammatory-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial Mediterranean Fever" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial Mediterranean fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000363.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial Mediterranean fever: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-mediterranean-fever">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Febrile Seizures" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/febrile-seizures">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fever" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003090.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003090.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever (High Temperature) In Kids" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fever in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever Treatment: Quick Guide to Treating a Fever" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/fever/ART-20050997?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/fever/art-20050997?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever/Hyperthermia and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hyperthermia-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-hipertermia/pdf/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-fever/basics/ART-20056685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-fever/basics/art-20056685?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hot Flashes and Night Sweats" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/hot-flashes-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-mujeres/sofocos-pdq">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Take a Rectal Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rectal-temperature.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Take an Axillary Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/axillary-temperature.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Take an Oral Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/oral-temperature.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kid's Guide to Fever" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fever.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mevalonate kinase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mevalonate-kinase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muckle-Wells syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/muckle-wells-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nakajo-nishimura-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neonatal-onset-multisystem-inflammatory-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis Syndrome (PFAPA) (Juvenile)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/periodic-fever-aphthous-stomatitis-pharyngitis-adenitis-syndrome-pfapa-juvenile" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindrome-de-fiebre-periodica-estomatitis-aftosa-faringitis-y-adenitis-cervical">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fever%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking Your Child's Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-temperature.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-temperature.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Temperature measurement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003400.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thermometers: Understand the Options" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/ART-20046737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/art-20046737?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated-periodic-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When your baby or infant has a fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yao syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/yao-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Consumir alimentos con fibra ayuda a la digestión y previene el estreñimiento. Infórmese qué otras ventajas otorga la fibra en su dieta. " title="Fibra en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html" id="3060" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La fibra es una sustancia en las plantas. La fibra dietética es el tipo que se come. Es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidrato&lt;/a&gt;. También puede verla listada en la etiqueta de los alimentos como fibra soluble o fibra insoluble. Ambos tipos ofrecen importantes beneficios a la salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Buenas fuentes de fibra dietética incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los cereales integrales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nueces y semillas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frutas y hortalizas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La fibra dietética agrega volumen a su dieta y hace que se sienta lleno más rápido, lo que ayuda a controlar su peso. Ayuda a la digestión y a prevenir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de los estadounidenses no comen suficiente fibra dietética. Pero añádala a su dieta lentamente. El aumento de fibra en la dieta demasiado rápido puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html"&gt;gases&lt;/a&gt;, distensión y cólicos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html" id="3059" language="English">Dietary Fiber</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html" id="1830">Enfermedades del colon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html" id="1835">Estreñimiento</related-topic>
<site title="Alimentos ricos en fibra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en fibra y residuos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fiber.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fiber.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002470.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra alimentaria: esencial para una alimentación saludable" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra: Cómo aumentar la cantidad de fibra en su dieta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibras (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fiber.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fiber.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Hace mal tomar un suplemento de fibra todos los días?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fiber-supplements/faq-20058513?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fiber-supplements/faq-20058513?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La fibrilación auricular es el tipo más común de arritmia causada por un problema en el sistema eléctrico del corazón. Síntomas y tratamiento" title="Fibrilación auricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html" id="4965" language="Spanish" date-created="09/23/2009">
<also-called>Fibriloaleteo auricular</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La fibrilación auricular (FA) es uno de los tipos de arritmias más comunes. Las arritmias son problemas con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón. Pueden hacer que su corazón lata demasiado lento, demasiado rápido o de forma irregular.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene fibrilación auricular, su corazón late de manera irregular y, en ocasiones, mucho más rápido de lo normal. Además, la cámara superior e inferior del corazón no funcionan coordinadamente como deberían. Cuando esto ocurre, las cámaras inferiores no se llenan por completo ni bombean suficiente sangre a los pulmones y al cuerpo. Esto puede causar síntomas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt; y palpitaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La fibrilación auricular puede ocurrir en episodios breves o puede ser una afección permanente. Es muy importante tratarla, ya que puede ponerle en riesgo de sufrir un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; y otros problemas cardíacos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La fibrilación auricular suele ser causada por cambios en el tejido del corazón o en las señales eléctricas de los latidos del corazón. Estos cambios pueden ocurrir debido a diferentes afecciones y factores, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;, infecciones y envejecimiento. A veces la causa es desconocida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener fibrilación auricular, pero hay ciertas cosas que aumentan el riesgo de padecerla:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Envejecimiento&lt;/strong&gt;: El riesgo de fibrilación auricular aumenta a medida que envejece, especialmente si es mayor de 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar y genética&lt;/strong&gt;: La fibrilación auricular puede ser hereditaria. Lo mismo las enfermedades cardíacas, que aumentan el riesgo de FA&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Algunas opciones de estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;: Su riesgo es mayor si bebe mucho alcohol, consume ciertas drogas ilegales como cocaína y metanfetaminas, o fuma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener ciertos problemas de salud&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;Hipertiroidismo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades pulmonares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza&lt;/strong&gt;: La fibrilación auricular es más común en personas con ascendencia europea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía reciente&lt;/strong&gt;: Usted puede tener riesgo de sufrir fibrilación auricular en los primeros días y semanas después de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;cirugía de corazón&lt;/a&gt;, pulmones o esófago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas que tienen fibrilación auricular no presentan ningún síntoma y no saben que la tienen. Si presenta síntomas, es posible que sólo los note de vez en cuando, o puede tener síntomas que sean más frecuentes. En algunos casos, los síntomas pueden ser graves. Si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, es más probable que note sus síntomas, los que podrían empeorar si su enfermedad cardíaca se agrava.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de fibrilación auricular pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatiga extrema: El síntoma más común&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palpitaciones cardiacas: Sensación de que el corazón se salta un latido, palpita, late con fuerza o late demasiado fuerte o rápido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;: Especialmente cuando está acostado o cuando hace ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mareos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html"&gt;desmayos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial baja&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si la fibrilación auricular no se trata, puede provocar problemas de salud o complicaciones graves, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;Paro cardíaco súbito&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Deterioro cognitivo y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a prevenir estos problemas, es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud si tiene síntomas. Si tiene fibrilación auricular, cuanto antes se la diagnostiquen y traten, mejor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene fibrilación auricular, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas, estilo de vida y cualquier otra afección de salud que pueda tener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre sus antecedentes familiares para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido fibrilación auricular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Probablemente solicitará &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/"&gt;electrocardiograma&lt;/a&gt; y ecocardiograma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que le pidan que use un dispositivo de monitorización cardíaca que registre la actividad eléctrica de su corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la fibrilación auricular pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt; que ayuden a prevenir la formación de coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para controlar el ritmo y la frecuencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón&lt;/a&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón que limite las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt; saturadas, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;. Un ejemplo es el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;plan de alimentación DASH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limitar o evitar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, ya que puede aumentar el ritmo cardíaco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Realizar actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controlar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Procedimientos como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cardioversión eléctrica, que restablece el ritmo cardíaco mediante descargas de baja energía en el corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ablación con catéter, que cicatriza el tejido que está causando la arritmia. El tejido cicatricial bloquea las señales cardíacas anormales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugías como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía para colocar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;marcapasos&lt;/a&gt; para ayudar a controlar la arritmia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un procedimiento Maze, que crea tejido cicatricial en un patrón similar a un laberinto en ciertas partes del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cierre o taponamiento de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda, una cirugía en un pequeño saco en la pared muscular auricular izquierda (la cámara superior izquierda del corazón). Ayuda a prevenir coágulos de sangre y puede reducir el riesgo de sufrir un accidente cerebrovascular. Esta cirugía es para personas que no pueden tomar anticoagulantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la fibrilación auricular?&lt;/h3&gt;
Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a reducir el riesgo de fibrilación auricular, como:
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer cambios en el estilo de vida que sean saludables para el corazón:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limitar o evitar el alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer actividad física regular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controlar el estrés&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar drogas ilegales, como cocaína y metanfetaminas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar medicamentos antiarrítmicos (medicamentos para tratar la arritmia) si le van a operar del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar cualquier problema de salud que pueda aumentar su riesgo de fibrilación auricular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html" id="4964" language="English">Atrial Fibrillation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html" id="1755">Arritmia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Atrial, Fibrilación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Auricular, Fibrilación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fibrilación atrial</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras fibrilación auricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000237.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiarrítmicos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiarritmicos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/antiarrhythmics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de Cox" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cirugia-de-cox/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/maze-surgery/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre palpitaciones cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003081_120.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003081_33.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrilación auricular y aleteo auricular" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/arritmias/fibrilaci%C3%B3n-auricular-y-aleteo-auricular">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrilación auricular: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/fibrilacion-auricular-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/atrial-fibrillation-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibriloaleteo auricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000184.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000184.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación digitálica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000165.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar habla sobre la salud del corazón" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/kareem-abdul-jabbar-habla-sobre-la-salud-del-corazon" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/kareem_abdul-jabbar-speaks_out_about_heart_health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Latido cardíaco" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/el-latido-cardiaco/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/systole.cfm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latidos cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000067.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monitor Holter (24 horas)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003877.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitores de eventos cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007700.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palpitaciones cardíacas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003081.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos de ablación cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007368.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taquicardia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355127?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿La fibrilación auricular es hereditaria?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/atrial-fibrillation/expert-answers/atrial-fibrillation-genetics/faq-20111614?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la fibrilación auricular?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/fibrilacion-auricular" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atrial-fibrillation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la fibrilación auricular?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-afib-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los fibromas uterinos son los tumores no cancerosos más comunes en mujeres de edad fértil. Tratamiento y manejo de la condición." title="Fibroides uterinos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html" id="2215" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Fibroides del útero</also-called>
<also-called>Fibromas del útero</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los fibromas uterinos son los tumores no cancerosos más comunes entre las mujeres en edad fértil. Los fibromas son formados por células musculares y otros tejidos que crecen en y alrededor de la pared del útero. Se desconoce su causa. Entre los factores de riesgo están ser de raza afroamericana o el exceso de peso.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas mujeres con fibromas uterinos no presentan síntomas. Cuando hay síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Menstruaciones abundantes o dolorosas o hemorragia entre los períodos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sensación de "plenitud" en la región baja del abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Orinar frecuentemente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor durante las relaciones sexuales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor en la parte baja de la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas reproductivos, como infertilidad, abortos múltiples o parto prematuro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su médico puede encontrar fibromas durante un examen ginecológico o utilizando pruebas de imagen. El tratamiento incluye medicinas que pueden hacer más lento o detener su crecimiento, o cirugía. Muchas mujeres con fibromas pueden quedar embarazadas en forma natural. Para aquellas que no lo logren, tratamientos para la infertilidad pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html" id="1222" language="English">Uterine Fibroids</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html" id="2213">Cáncer de útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214">Enfermedades del útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html" id="1968">Histerectomía</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dilatación y curetaje</see-reference>
<see-reference>Raspaje</see-reference>
<see-reference>Útero, Fibroides</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras embolización de las arterias uterinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000161.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000161.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía trasvaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización de las arterias uterinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007384.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007384.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromas uterinos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/los-fibromas-uterinos-uterine-fibroids" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/uterine-fibroids">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromas uterinos" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/uterine-fibroids" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/uterine-fibroids">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromas uterinos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fibromas-uterinos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/uterine-fibroids.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromas uterinos" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histerectomía" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/tratamientos/histerectomia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/treatments/hysterectomy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miomas uterinos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000914.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miomectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/myomectomy/about/pac-20384710?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/myomectomy/about/pac-20384710?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas menstruales: Fibromas, endometriosis y otros problemas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-menstruales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/period-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de fibromas uterinos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uterine-fibroid-treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ufe">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos relacionados con los medicamentos para los fibromas" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/tratamientos-medicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/treatments/medical-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con miomas uterinos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000715.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los fibromas uterinos?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostican los fibromas uterinos?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/how-diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La fibromialgia es una condición que causa dolor en los músculos y cansancio. Infórmese sobre qué es la fibromialgia y el tratamiento de los síntomas." title="Fibromialgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fibromyalgia.html" id="1903" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la fibromialgia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La fibromialgia es una afección crónica (de larga duración) que causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt;  en todo el cuerpo, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt; y otros síntomas. No tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden aliviar los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de la fibromialgia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa exacta de la fibromialgia. Los estudios del cerebro de personas con fibromialgia encontraron que parecen procesar el dolor de manera diferente que aquellas que no la tienen. Pueden sentir dolor cuando otras no lo sienten y también pueden tener una reacción más severa al dolor.

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La fibromialgia puede ser hereditaria, por lo que la genética también puede influir. También pueden estar involucrados otros factores, como tener ciertas enfermedades que causan dolor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de fibromialgia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener fibromialgia, pero es más común en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mujeres: Tienen el doble de probabilidades de tener fibromialgia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas de edad mediana: La probabilidad de tenerla aumenta con la edad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con algunas enfermedades como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html"&gt;espondilitis anquilosante&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con algún familiar que tenga fibromialgia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la fibromialgia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los principales síntomas de la fibromialgia son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor crónico y rigidez en todo el cuerpo: Se suele describir como un malestar doloroso, ardor o punzadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatiga y cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el pensamiento, la memoria y la concentración (a veces llamados "fibroniebla" o "fibroneblina")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rigidez muscular y articular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento u hormigueo en brazos y piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensibilidad a la luz, el ruido, los olores y la temperatura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con fibromialgia también tienen más probabilidades de padecer ciertas afecciones, entre ellas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html"&gt;migrañas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome del intestino irritable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en la cara o la mandíbula, incluidos los trastornos de la mandíbula conocidos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html"&gt;síndrome de la articulación temporomandibular&lt;/a&gt; (ATM)&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la fibromialgia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La fibromialgia puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. En ocasiones se necesita ver a varios profesionales de la salud para obtener un diagnóstico. Una causa de esto es que no existe una prueba específica para ella, y sus principales síntomas, como el dolor y la fatiga, son comunes en muchas otras afecciones. Los profesionales de la salud deben descartar otras causas de los síntomas antes de hacer un diagnóstico de fibromialgia. A esto se le llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/diagnostico-diferencial/"&gt;diagnóstico diferencial&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene fibromialgia, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo hacer preguntas detalladas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt; y análisis de sangre para descartar otras afecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se trata la fibromialgia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todos los profesionales de la salud conocen en detalle la fibromialgia y su tratamiento. Es importante tener un profesional de la salud o un equipo de profesionales que se especializa en el tratamiento de fibromialgia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para la fibromialgia, por lo que el tratamiento se centra en aliviar los síntomas. Los profesionales de la salud suelen utilizar una combinación de tratamientos, incluyendo medicamentos, cambios de estilo de vida, terapia conversacional y tratamientos complementarios:&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicinas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt; y medicamentos anticonvulsivos, los que pueden ayudar con el dolor y los problemas para dormir&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios de estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir bien&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer ejercicio regularmente. Si no ha hecho ejercicio, comience lentamente. Puede que deba ver a un terapeuta físico, que puede ayudarle a crear un plan que sea acorde a sus necesidades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aprender a manejar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aprender a tomar las cosas con calma. Si hace demasiado, puede empeorar sus síntomas. Por ello, debe aprender a equilibrar el ser activo con su necesidad de descansar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia conversacional&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunas  como la terapia cognitiva conductual puede ayudarle a aprender estrategias para lidiar con el dolor, estrés y sus pensamientos negativos. Si además tiene depresión junto a su fibromialgia, la terapia conversacional puede ayudarle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Terapias complementarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas han ayudado a algunas personas con los síntomas de la fibromialgia. Sin embargo, investigadores necesitan hacer más estudios para mostrar cuáles son efectivas. Si piensa que le pueden ayudar, converse primero con su profesional de la salud. Estas terapias incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Meditación de atención plena&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Biofeedback: Utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para medir funciones corporales como la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Esto enseña a ser más consciente de las funciones de su cuerpo para que pueda aprender a controlarlas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapias de movimiento como yoga y tai chi&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Masaje terapéutico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;Acupuntura&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fibromyalgia.html" id="32" language="English">Fibromyalgia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757">Artritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043">Enfermedades musculares</related-topic>
<site title="Fibromialgia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fibromyalgia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fibromyalgia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromialgia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fibromyalgia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromialgia" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/fibromyalgia" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/fibromyalgia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromialgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000427.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromialgia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fibromialgia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fibromyalgia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromialgia: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354780?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/in-depth/fibromyalgia-pain/ART-20047867?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seis formas de manejar la fibromialgia" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-formas-de-manejar-la-fibromialgia" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-ways-to-manage-your-fibromyalgia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor musculoesquelético amplificado" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindrome-de-dolor-musculoesqueletico-amplificado-amps" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/amplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la fibromialgia?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/fibromialgia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/fibromyalgia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a chronic or long-term condition characterized by pain and tenderness all over the body. Learn about symptoms and treatment." title="Fibromyalgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fibromyalgia.html" id="32" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>FMS</also-called>
<also-called>Fibro</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Fibromyalgia is chronic (long-lasting) condition that causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; all over the body, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, and other symptoms. There is no cure, but treatments can help with the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes fibromyalgia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. Studies of the brains of people with fibromyalgia found that they seem to process pain differently than people who don't have it. They may feel pain when others do not, and they may also have a more severe reaction to pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fibromyalgia can run in families, so &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibromyalgia"&gt;genetics&lt;/a&gt; may also play a role. Other factors may also be involved, such as having certain diseases that cause pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for fibromyalgia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get fibromyalgia, but it is more common in:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women; they are twice as likely to have fibromyalgia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Middle-aged people; your chance of having it increases as you get older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with certain diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html"&gt;ankylosing spondylitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have a family member with fibromyalgia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of fibromyalgia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main symptoms of fibromyalgia are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic (long-lasting) pain and stiffness all over the body. People often describe it as aching, burning, or throbbing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue and tiredness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble sleeping&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with thinking, memory, and concentration (sometimes called "fibro fog")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle and joint stiffness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness or tingling in the arms and legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensitivity to light, noise, odors, and temperature&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who have fibromyalgia are also more likely to have certain diseases, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html"&gt;migraines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;Irritable bowel syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the face or jaw, including disorders of the jaw know as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/temporomandibulardisorders.html"&gt;temporomandibular joint syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (TMJ)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fibromyalgia can be hard to diagnose. It sometimes takes visits to several different health care providers to get a diagnosis. One problem is that there isn't a specific test for it. And the main symptoms, pain and fatigue, are common in many other conditions. Providers have to rule out other causes of the symptoms before making a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. This is called making a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/differential-diagnosis/"&gt;differential diagnosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;   

&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have fibromyalgia, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history, including asking detailed questions about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt; and blood tests to rule out other conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for fibromyalgia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not all providers are familiar with fibromyalgia and its treatment. You should see a provider or team of providers who specialize in the treatment of fibromyalgia.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for fibromyalgia, so treatment focuses on relieving the symptoms. Providers usually use a combination of treatments, including medicines, lifestyle changes, talk therapy, and complementary therapies:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt; and anti-seizure medicines, which may help with pain or sleep problems.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough sleep&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Getting regular physical activity. If you have not already been active, start slowly and gradually increase how much activity you get. You may want to see a physical therapist, who can help you create a plan that is right for you.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Learning how to manage &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Learning to pace yourself. If you do too much, it can make your symptoms worse. So you need to learn to balance being active with your need for rest.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk therapy&lt;/strong&gt;, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can help you learn strategies to deal with pain, stress, and negative thoughts. If you also have depression along with your fibromyalgia, talk therapy can help with that too.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Complementary therapies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; have helped some people with the symptoms of fibromyalgia. But researchers need to do more studies to show which ones are effective. You could consider trying them, but you should check with your provider first. These therapies include:&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Mindfulness meditation.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Biofeedback, which uses electronic devices to measure body functions such as breathing and heart rate. This teaches you to be more aware of your body functions so you can learn to control them.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Movement therapies such as yoga and tai chi.&lt;/li&gt;
                 &lt;li&gt;Massage therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;Acupuncture&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fibromyalgia.html" id="1903" language="Spanish">Fibromialgia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005356">Fibromyalgia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fibromyalgia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23">Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<site title="6 Ways To Manage Your Fibromyalgia" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-ways-to-manage-your-fibromyalgia" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-formas-de-manejar-la-fibromialgia">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="7 Things To Know about Complementary Approaches for Fibromyalgia" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-complementary-approaches-for-fibromyalgia">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American College of Rheumatology" url="https://rheumatology.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/amplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindrome-de-dolor-musculoesqueletico-amplificado-amps">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fibromyalgia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fibromyalgia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fibromyalgia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fibromialgia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/fibromyalgia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/fibromialgia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000427.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/fibromyalgia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/fibromyalgia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fibromyalgia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fibromyalgia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/fibromyalgia-in-depth">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibromyalgia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibromyalgia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fibromyalgia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La fibrosis pulmonar es causada por cicatrices en los pulmones. Esto dificulta la respiración y es posible que la sangre no reciba suficiente oxígeno." title="Fibrosis pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html" id="2114" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La fibrosis pulmonar es una afección en donde el tejido profundo de sus pulmones se va cicatrizando. Esto hace que el tejido se vuelva grueso y duro. Esto dificulta recuperar el aliento y es posible que la sangre no reciba suficiente oxígeno. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de la fibrosis pulmonar incluyen contaminantes ambientales, algunos medicamentos, enfermedades del tejido conectivo o la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (grupo de enfermedades que causan inflamación o cicatrización en los pulmones) pero en la mayoría de los casos, no se encuentra una causa. Esto se llama fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una tos entrecortada y seca que no mejora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin razón aparente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores en los músculos y en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Acropaquia  o dedos en palillo de tambor (clubbing, en inglés; en esta afección, las puntas de los dedos de las manos y los pies se agrandan y las uñas se curvan)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su doctor puede usar su historia clínica, pruebas por imágenes, una biopsia y/o pruebas de la función de los pulmones para diagnosticar la fibrosis pulmonar. No existe una cura. Los tratamientos se centran en aliviar los síntomas y mejorar la calidad de vida. Estos incluyen medicamentos, terapia con oxígeno, rehabilitación pulmonar o trasplante de pulmón. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre    &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html" id="378" language="English">Pulmonary Fibrosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5598">Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5981">Rehabilitación pulmonar</related-topic>
<site title="Broncoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spirometry.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de difusión pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis pulmonar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-fibrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353690?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000069.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis pulmonar: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-fibrosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353695?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria de las glándulas mucosas y sudoríparas. Los síntomas y severidad pueden variar. Infórmese aquí." title="Fibrosis quística" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html" id="1843" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria de las glándulas mucosas y sudoríparas. Afecta principalmente los pulmones, el páncreas, el hígado, los intestinos, los senos paranasales y los órganos sexuales. La fibrosis quística hace que la mucosidad sea espesa y pegajosa. Esta mucosidad tapa los pulmones, causando problemas para respirar y facilitando el crecimiento de bacterias. Esto puede provocar infecciones pulmonares repetidas y daños pulmonares.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas y la severidad de la fibrosis quística pueden variar. Algunas personas tienen problemas serios desde el nacimiento. Otras pueden tener un tipo más leve de la enfermedad que no se manifiesta hasta la adolescencia o al inicio de la edad adulta. A veces se tienen pocos síntomas, pero más tarde es posible tener más. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La fibrosis quística se diagnostica a través de varias pruebas, tales como genes, sangre y pruebas de sudor. No existe cura, pero los tratamientos han mejorado mucho en los últimos años. En el pasado, la mayoría de las muertes por fibrosis quística eran niños y adolescentes. Hoy en día, con la mejora de los tratamientos, algunas personas con fibrosis quística viven pasados los cuarenta, cincuenta años o más. Los tratamientos pueden incluir terapia física para el pecho, terapias nutricionales y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;respiratorias&lt;/a&gt;, medicinas y ejercicio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html" id="203" language="English">Cystic Fibrosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5981">Rehabilitación pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" id="5335">Terapia con oxígeno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html" id="2013">Trasplante de pulmón</related-topic>
<site title="Consejos dietéticos para adolescentes con fibrosis quística" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos dietéticos para niños con fibrosis quística" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cystic-fibrosis-dietary-tips.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consideraciones nutricionales para la fibrosis quística" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002437.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cribado respiratorio para la fibrosis quística: Esputo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cf-screen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cf-screen.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo respirar cuando le falta el aliento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje postural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elastasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastasa-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stool-elastase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de estimulación de secretina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003892.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de tripsinógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003560.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis quística" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000107.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis quística" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/fibrosis-quistica.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and-your-baby.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis quística" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12467/fibrosis-quistica/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis quística" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chronic/paginas/cystic-fibrosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chronic/Pages/Cystic-Fibrosis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis quística (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cf.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cf.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis quística: Análisis de cloruro en el sudor" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sweat-test.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sweat-test.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maravillas de la mucosidad y la flema" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección para fibrosis quística neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003409.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de electrolitos en el sudor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003630.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de portador de fibrosis quística" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/prueba-de-portador-de-fibrosis-quistica.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/cystic-fibrosis-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sudor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sudor/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sweat-test-for-cystic-fibrosis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimotripsina en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/quimotripsina-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chymotrypsin-in-stool/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con el oxígeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tripsina y quimotripsina en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003594.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar con problemas respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese qué función cumple la fiebre en el cuerpo, cuidados en el hogar y cuándo puede ser peligrosa." title="Fiebre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html" id="1902" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Calentura</also-called>
<also-called>Temperatura alta</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La fiebre es una temperatura del cuerpo más elevada de lo normal. Una temperatura normal puede variar de persona a persona, pero generalmente es alrededor de 98.6 ºF o 37 ºC. La fiebre no es una enfermedad. Por lo general, es una señal de que su cuerpo está tratando de combatir una enfermedad o infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt; causan la mayoría de las fiebres. Tiene fiebre porque su cuerpo está tratando de matar el virus o las bacterias que causaron la infección. La mayoría de estas bacterias y virus sobreviven bien cuando su cuerpo está a su temperatura normal. Pero si tiene fiebre, es más difícil para ellos sobrevivir. La fiebre también activa el sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otras causas de la fiebre incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Medicinas, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y medicinas anticonvulsivas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html"&gt;Enfermedades por el calor &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cánceres &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;vacunas para niños&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la causa de la fiebre. Si la fiebre es muy alta, su profesional de la salud puede recomendarle tomar medicinas de venta libre como el acetaminofén o el ibuprofén. Los adultos también pueden tomar aspirina, pero los niños con fiebre no deben tomar aspirina. También es importante beber suficientes líquidos para prevenir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html" id="511" language="English">Fever</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/convulsiones-febriles-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/febrile-seizures.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/convulsiones-febriles">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su bebé o lactante tenga fiebre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tomarle la temperatura a su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-temperature.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-temperature.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003090.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003090.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre / Hipertermia y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-hipertermia/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hyperthermia-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre mediterránea familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000363.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre mediterránea familiar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre por garrapatas de Colorado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000675.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre sin temor" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/fever/paginas/fever-without-fear.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-fever/basics/art-20056685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-fever/basics/ART-20056685?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la temperatura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003400.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paracetamol y los niños: Por qué la dosis es importante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sofocos y sudores nocturnos (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-mujeres/sofocos-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/hot-flashes-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de fiebre periódica, estomatitis aftosa, faringitis y adenitis cervical" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindrome-de-fiebre-periodica-estomatitis-aftosa-faringitis-y-adenitis-cervical" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/periodic-fever-aphthous-stomatitis-pharyngitis-adenitis-syndrome-pfapa-juvenile">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes autoinflamatorios asociados a la criopirina" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindromes-autoinflamatorios-asociados-a-la-criopirina" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/cryopyrin-associated-autoinflammatory-syndromes-caps">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Termómetros: Comprender las opciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/art-20046737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/ART-20046737?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la fiebre: Guía rápida para tratar la fiebre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/fever/art-20050997?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/fever/ART-20050997?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la fiebre? (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fever.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La Fiebre del Valle es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado coccidioides. Infórmese sobre factores de riesgo, síntomas y tratamiento." title="Fiebre del valle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html" id="5635" language="Spanish" date-created="10/13/2010">
<also-called>Coccidioidomicosis</also-called>
<also-called>Fiebre del valle San Joaquín</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La Fiebre del Valle es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado Coccidioides. Estos hongos viven en el suelo de las zonas áridas como el suroeste de los EE.UU. Se puede contraer al inhalar (aspirar) las esporas del hongo. La infección no se contagia de persona a persona.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede contraer la infección pero las personas mayores, en especial aquellas de más de 60 años corren mayor riesgo. También están a mayor riesgo las personas que se hayan mudado recientemente a un área donde se encuentre el hongo. Otras personas con alto riesgo son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas cuyos trabajos los exponen al polvo del suelo. Estos incluyen a los trabajadores de la construcción, trabajadores agrícolas y las fuerzas militares que realizan entrenamiento de campo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Afroamericanos y asiáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres en su tercer trimestre de embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La Fiebre del Valle suele ser leve, sin síntomas. Si usted tiene síntomas, éstos pueden parecerse a los de la gripe, con fiebre, tos, dolor de cabeza, erupción cutánea y dolor muscular. La mayoría de las personas se recuperan en varias semanas o meses. Unas pocas personas quizás desarrollen una enfermedad pulmonar crónica o una infección generalizada. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La Fiebre del Valle se diagnostica mediante pruebas de sangre o de otros líquidos corporales o de tejidos. Muchas personas con la infección aguda se recuperan sin tratamiento. En algunos casos, los médicos pueden recetar medicamentos antimicóticos (antifúngicos) para las infecciones agudas. Las infecciones graves requieren fármacos antifúngicos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/valleyfever.html" id="5634" language="English">Valley Fever</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<site title="Coccidioidomicosis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001322.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003525.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre del valle" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre del valle: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378765?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fijación del complemento para coccidioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003547.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fijación del complemento para coccidioides en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003526.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo fúngico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las fiebres hemorrágicas son un grupo de enfermedades causadas por cuatro familias de virus: Virus del Ebola y Marburg, fiebre amarilla y otros" title="Fiebres hemorrágicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="2256" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las fiebres hemorrágicas virales son un grupo de enfermedades causadas por cuatro familias de virus. Entre ellos se encuentran los virus del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html"&gt;Ebola&lt;/a&gt; y Marburg, el virus de la fiebre de Lassa y el virus de la fiebre amarilla. Estas fiebres tienen características comunes: afectan muchos órganos, lesionan los vasos sanguíneos y alteran la capacidad del organismo para auto-regularse. Algunas de estas fiebres hemorrágicas causan una enfermedad leve, pero otras, como las causadas por los virus Ebola o Marburg, causan enfermedades graves y muerte. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las fiebres hemorrágicas virales se encuentran en todo el mundo. Las enfermedades específicas suelen estar limitadas a zonas donde viven los animales que las transmiten. Por ejemplo, la fiebre de Lassa se limita a las zonas rurales del oeste de África, donde hay ratas y ratones portadores del virus. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El riesgo para las personas que viajan es bajo, pero deben evitar visitar zonas donde hay brotes de la enfermedad. Dado que no existen tratamientos eficaces para algunas de estas infecciones virales, existe preocupación por su uso en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterrorismo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="1652" language="English">Hemorrhagic Fevers</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1771">Biodefensa y bioterrorismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html" id="6203">Ebola</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fiebre del Valle del Rift</see-reference>
<see-reference>Marburgo, Fiebre hemorrágica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Valle del Rift, Fiebre del</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad por el virus de Marburgo" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre amarilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001365.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre hemorrágica de Crimea-Congo" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebres hemorrágicas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/infecciones/arbovirus-arenavirus-y-filovirus/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-fiebres-hemorr%C3%A1gicas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebres hemorrágicas virales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/symptoms-causes/syc-20351260?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/symptoms-causes/syc-20351260?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebres hemorrágicas virales" url="https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/Documents/Pubs//821-026_VHF_Sp.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Washington</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fiebres hemorrágicas virales: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351266?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_yellow_fever.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/yf.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a mild infection caused by parvovirus B19. It mostly affects children. Read about symptoms and what can help." title="Fifth Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fifthdisease.html" id="1609" language="English" date-created="04/17/2002">
<also-called>Erythema infectiosum</also-called>
<also-called>Parvovirus B19 infection</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is fifth disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fifth disease, also called erythema infectiosum, is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viral infection&lt;/a&gt; caused by parvovirus B19. This virus only infects people; it's not the same type of parvovirus that dogs and cats can get.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Fifth disease mostly affects children. It often causes a bright red &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt; on their cheeks (sometimes called a "slapped cheek" rash).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the United States, parvovirus B19 infections are more common in late winter, spring, and early summer. There are usually minor outbreaks of fifth disease about every 3 to 4 years.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes fifth disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parvovirus B19, which causes fifth disease, can spread from person to person:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through respiratory droplets, such as saliva (spit), sputum, or nasal mucus. The droplets can spread when:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Someone who has the virus coughs and sneezes&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;You touch an item that has the virus on it&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through blood or blood products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From a pregnant parent to the baby &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You are most contagious early in your infection, when you usually only have a fever or cold-like symptoms. You are not likely to be contagious after you get later symptoms such as a rash and joint pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of fifth disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;About 2 out of 10 people who get a B19 parvovirus infection will have no symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But most people will get the symptoms of fifth disease, which are usually mild and can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;Sore throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rashes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The "slapped cheek" rash is more common in children. They usually get the rash a few days after they first have other symptoms. The rash can then spread to the arms, legs, chest, back, and buttocks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adults who get fifth disease might also have joint pain and swelling (called polyarthropathy syndrome).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the infection can cause serious health complications affecting the nerves, joints, or blood system. This is more likely to happen if you are pregnant, have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html"&gt;blood disorder&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakened immune system&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because of these risks to you and some possible risks to your baby, contact your health care provider if you are pregnant and:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You show signs of fifth disease (or a "slapped cheek" rash)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may have been exposed to someone who has the infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is fifth disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no routine lab test to diagnose fifth disease. Providers can often diagnose fifth disease just by seeing the "slapped cheek" rash and rashes on the body.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There is testing to show whether or not you have protection (immunity) against the B19 parvovirus or if you have had a recent infection. This test is usually not needed, but your provider may order the test if you are pregnant or at higher risk for complications of the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for fifth disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific treatment for fifth disease. It is usually mild and goes away on its own.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;To feel better, get plenty of rest. Taking acetaminophen can help with the fever and pain. Do not give aspirin to children, because it may cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;Reye syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. This is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can fifth disease be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no vaccine to prevent fifth disease. But you can help protect yourself and others by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Washing your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding close contact with people who are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying home when you are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people become immune to the virus after having it once.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fifthdisease.html" id="1904" language="Spanish">Quinta enfermedad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016731">Erythema Infectiosum</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fifthdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Erythema Infectiosum</see-reference>
<see-reference>Parvovirus B19</see-reference>
<site title="About Parvovirus B19" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/erythema-infectiosum-fifth-disease?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fifth Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fifth-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/la-quinta-enfermedad-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fifth disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000977.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fifth Disease (erythema infectiosum)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/fifth-disease-erythema-infectiosum/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-quinta-enfermedad-parvovirus-b19/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fifth Disease (Parvovirus B19)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Fifth-Disease-Parvovirus-B19.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/Paginas/Fifth-Disease-Parvovirus-B19.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parvovirus B19 in Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/parvovirus-b19-in-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fifth Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Erythema+Infectiosum%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+3+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sometimes we may need help with our medical bills or health insurance premiums. Find out about financial assistance available to you. " title="Financial Assistance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html" id="3186" language="English" date-created="03/31/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Health care can be costly. If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html"&gt;health insurance&lt;/a&gt;, it usually pays at least part of your medical costs. If you don't have insurance or need help with costs that aren't covered, financial assistance might 
be available. Certain government programs and nonprofit organizations can help. You can also discuss 
concerns about paying your medical bills with your health care provider, social worker or the business 
office of your clinic or hospital.
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html" id="3187" language="Spanish">Asistencia económica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008483">Medical Assistance</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html" id="274">Health Insurance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaid.html" id="1453">Medicaid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicare.html" id="1257">Medicare</related-topic>
<site title="Benefits for Children with Disabilities" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10026.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10926.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Social Security Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Medical Assistance" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Medical+Assistance%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compassionate Allowances" url="https://www.ssa.gov/compassionateallowances/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Social Security Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disability: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)" url="https://www.ssa.gov/disability" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/es/disability">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Social Security Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eight ways to cut health care costs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000870.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help Paying for Prescription Medicines" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-health-insurance/prescription-drug-assistance-programs.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/administracion-de-los-costos/programas-de-ayuda-para-medicamentos-recetados.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Get Help with Medical Expenses" url="https://www.usa.gov/help-with-medical-bills">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>General Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="HRSA: Find a Health Center" url="https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="NORD's Patient Assistance Programs" url="https://rarediseases.org/patient-assistance-programs/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Organization for Rare Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paying for Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/paying-for-complementary-and-integrative-health-approaches">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Financial Assistance" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Medical+Assistance%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RxHope: Patient Assistance Information" url="https://www.rxhope.com/Patient/ProgramList.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Things to Know about the Cost of Your Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-costs/the-cost-of-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/administracion-de-los-costos/el-costo-del-tratamiento-contra-el-cancer.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Where Can I Find Low-Cost Dental Care?" url="https://www.hhs.gov/answers/health-insurance-reform/where-can-i-find-low-cost-dental-care/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you've ever smashed a finger or two accidentally, you know how hard it is to return to your daily tasks. Learn about finger injuries and disorders." title="Finger Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5356" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You use your fingers and thumbs to do everything from grasping objects to playing musical instruments to typing. When there is something wrong with them, it can make life difficult. Common problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries that result in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), ruptured ligaments and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; - wear-and-tear arthritis. It can also cause deformity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt; - irritation of the tendons&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dupuytren's contracture - a hereditary thickening of the tough tissue that lies just below the skin of your palm. It causes the fingers to stiffen and bend.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trigger finger - an irritation of the sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons. It can cause the tendon to catch and release like a trigger.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5357" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005383">Finger Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html" id="532">Nail Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="381">Raynaud Phenomenon</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dupuytren Contracture</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thumb Injuries</see-reference>
<site title="Arachnodactyly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003288.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Thumb" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-thumb/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Claw hand" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003169.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dupuytren Contracture" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dupuytren+Contracture%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thumb" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thumb%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clubbing of the fingers or toes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003282.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dupuytren contracture: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dupuytren-contracture">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercising Your Finger after an Injury" url="https://familydoctor.org/exercising-your-finger-after-an-injury/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejercitando-su-dedo-despues-de-una-lesion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finger pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003248.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fingers that change color" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003249.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fingertip Injuries and Amputations" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/fingertip-injuries-and-amputations/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flexor Tendon Injuries" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/flexor-tendon-injuries/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hand/Wrist/Arm Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpetic Whitlow" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/herpetic-whitlow?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mallet finger - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000538.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myxoid Cyst" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/myxoid-cyst?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nerve Injuries in the Hand and Fingers" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/nerve-injuries/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poland syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/poland-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polydactyly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003176.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finger Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Finger+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repair of webbed fingers - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100096_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100096_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Repair of webbed fingers or toes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002969.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Replantation" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/treatment/replantation/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Replantation of digits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002967.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Replantation of digits - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100097_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100097_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skier's thumb - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000572.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smashed fingers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sprained Thumb" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/sprained-thumb">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thumb Arthritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trigger Finger" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trigger-finger/symptoms-causes/syc-20365100?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/trigger-finger/symptoms-causes/syc-20365100?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trigger Finger" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/trigger-finger/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/dedo-en-gatillo-trigger-finger">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trigger finger" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000565.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Webbing of the fingers or toes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003289.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Hand Surgeon?" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/treatment/what-is-a-hand-surgeon/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Finger" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-finger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-finger.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fires can spread in the home very quickly. Do you know if you're prepared in the event of a fire? Find out about fire safety." title="Fire Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/firesafety.html" id="536" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<also-called>Fire prevention</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Preventing fires is an important part of fire safety. In the United States, cooking is the main cause of home fires. Cigarettes are a big risk too - they are the leading cause of fire deaths. Here are some fire prevention tips:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't leave the stove or oven unattended when they are on&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't let children use kitchen appliances unsupervised&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't smoke in bed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure your electrical appliances and cords are in good condition&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is also important to be prepared in case there is a fire. Make sure that you have working smoke detectors on every floor and in every bedroom. You should also have fire extinguishers on every floor and in your kitchen.  Make and practice an escape plan in case the main exit is blocked.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html" id="1905" language="Spanish">Seguridad contra incendios</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005390">Fires</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012449">Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html" id="176">Burns</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html" id="4604">Wildfires</related-topic>
<site title="Fire Prevention and Safety Checklist" url="https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/atg/PDF_s/Preparedness___Disaster_Recovery/Disaster_Preparedness/Home_Fire/FireSafety.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fire Safety" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/pages/Fire-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/paginas/fire-safety.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fireworks" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Fireworks">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fireworks Safety" url="https://www.nfpa.org/downloadable-resources/safety-tip-sheets/fireworks-safety-tips">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Fire Protection Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoarding: Issues for the Fire Service" url="https://www.nfpa.org/downloadable-resources/pdf/hoarding-issues-for-the-fire-service">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Fire Protection Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Fires" url="https://www.ready.gov/home-fires" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/incendios-en-el-hogar">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Oxygen Safety" url="https://www.nfpa.org/downloadable-resources/safety-tip-sheets/medical-oxygen-safety-tip-sheet">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Fire Protection Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing House Fires" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fire.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fire.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fire Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fires%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Safety%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="United States Fire Administration" url="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>United States Fire Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Accidents happen! Are you prepared? Learn about what you need in your first aid kit and how to help if someone is injured. " title="First Aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html" id="240" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Accidents happen. Someone &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html"&gt;chokes&lt;/a&gt; on an ice cube or gets &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;stung&lt;/a&gt; by a bee. It is important to know when to call 911 -- it is for life-threatening emergencies.  While waiting for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;help&lt;/a&gt; to arrive, you may be able to save someone's life. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html"&gt;CPR&lt;/a&gt;) is for people whose hearts or breathing has stopped and the Heimlich maneuver is for people who are choking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also learn to handle common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;injuries and wounds&lt;/a&gt;. Cuts and scrapes, for example, should be rinsed with cool water. To stop bleeding, apply firm but gentle pressure, using gauze. If blood soaks through, add more gauze, keeping the first layer in place. Continue to apply pressure. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to have a first aid kit available.  Keep one at home and one in your car. It should include a first-aid guide.  Read the guide to learn how to use the items, so you are ready in case an emergency happens.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html" id="1906" language="Spanish">Primeros auxilios</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005392">First Aid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/firstaid.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html" id="161">Animal Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html" id="176">Burns</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html" id="1544">Choking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html" id="3639">CPR</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="530">Disaster Preparation and Recovery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html" id="3873">Emergency Medical Services</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foreignbodies.html" id="5607">Foreign Bodies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html" id="280">Heat Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothermia.html" id="291">Hypothermia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html" id="526">Insect Bites and Stings</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html" id="5717">Shock</related-topic>
<see-reference>Accidents</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal thrusts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000047.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Emergency Physicians" url="https://www.acep.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000045.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing difficulties - first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000007.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capillary nail refill test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003394.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiogenic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000185.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking - adult or child over 1 year" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000049.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking - infant under 1 year" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000048.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking - unconscious adult or child over 1 year" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000051.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choking: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/ART-20056637?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/art-20056637?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: First Aid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22First+Aid%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shock" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shock%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creating a sling - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100137_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100137_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug use first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000016.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000052.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency 101" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/er101/er-101">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid and Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/firstaid-safe/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="First aid kit" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001958.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid Tips" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/first-aid-tips">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Teeth Injuries (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="First-Aid Kits: Stock Supplies That Can Save Lives" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-kits/basics/ART-20056673?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-kits/basics/art-20056673?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fishhook removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000055.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frostbite: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/ART-20056653?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/art-20056653?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand splint - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100142_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100142_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heat-exhaustion-heatstroke/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/agotamiento-por-calor-y-golpe-de-calor-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Handle an Emergency (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/emergency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/emergency.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to make a sling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to make a splint" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000040.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypovolemic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000167.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know When to Go" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/know-when-to-go-overview" language-mapped-url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/en-espanol/saber-cuando-ir-al-hospital">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lacerations - liquid bandage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nosebleeds" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nosebleeds/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrados-nasales-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007579.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="First aid" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22First+Aid%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scrape" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007212.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seizures" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/seizure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/seizure.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000039.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/ART-20056620?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splinter removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002137.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teaching Your Child How to Use 911" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/911.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/911.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Unconsciousness - first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000022.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Unconsciousness, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-unconsciousness?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Do I Need in My First Aid Kit?" url="https://familydoctor.org/what-do-i-need-in-my-first-aid-kit/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-necesito-en-mi-botiquin-de-primeros-auxilios/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know in an Emergency (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/healthin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/healthin.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An abnormal connection between two body parts is called a fistula. Treatment depends on the location of the fistula. Read more about them here." title="Fistulas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html" id="3054" language="English" date-created="01/23/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A fistula is an abnormal connection between two parts inside of the body. Fistulas may develop between different organs, such as between the esophagus and the windpipe or the bowel and the vagina. They can also develop between two blood vessels, such as between an artery and a vein or between two arteries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people are born with a fistula. Other common causes of fistulas include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Complications from surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the cause of the fistula, where it is, and how bad it is. Some fistulas will close on their own. In some cases, you may need antibiotics and/or surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html" id="3055" language="Spanish">Fístulas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005402">Fistula</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Abscess and Fistula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomic Problems of the Lower GI Tract" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/problemas-anatomicos-parte-inferior-del-aparato-digestivo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arteriovenous Fistula" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriovenous Malformation (AVMs)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arteriovenous-malformations-avms">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fistula" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fistula%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CT Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolization of Brain Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformations/Fistulas" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dc-embol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dc-embol">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000961.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/esophageal-atresia-and-tracheoesophageal-fistula/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/atresia-esofagica-y-fistula-traqueoesofagica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fistula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002365.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fistulogram/Sinogram" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fistulogram-sinogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fistulogram-sinogram">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal fistula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001129.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intracranial Vascular Treatments" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/IntracranialVasc" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/IntracranialVasc">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MR Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perilymph Fistula" url="https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/perilymph-fistula/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fistulas" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fistula%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001090.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001090.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectovaginal Fistula" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectovaginal-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20377108?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectovaginal-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20377108?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100103_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100103_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Fistula" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-fistulas/symptoms-causes/syc-20355762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginal-fistulas/symptoms-causes/syc-20355762?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Floods can happen in the blink of an eye. Learn how to prepare yourself and your family in the event of a flood. " title="Floods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html" id="4596" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Floods are common in the United States.  Weather such as heavy rain, thunderstorms, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html"&gt;hurricanes&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html"&gt;tsunamis&lt;/a&gt; can cause flooding.  Flooding can also happen when a river or stream overflows its bank, when a levee is breached, or when a dam breaks. Flash floods, which can develop quickly, often have a dangerous wall of roaring water.  The wall carries rocks, mud, and rubble and can sweep away most things in its path.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Be aware of flood hazards no matter where you live, but especially if you live in a low-lying area, near water or downstream from a dam.  Although there are no guarantees of safety during a flood, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html" id="4597" language="Spanish">Inundaciones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055868">Floods</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/floods.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>Natural Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flooding" url="https://www.epa.gov/natural-disasters/flooding" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/inundaciones">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Floods and Your Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/floods/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/inundaciones/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Weather Service: Watch, Warning, Advisory Display" url="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Floods" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Floods%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The flu can cause serious illness in people over 65, babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses. The best way to prevent the flu is to get a vaccine." title="Flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299" language="English" date-created="01/07/1999">
<also-called>Grippe</also-called>
<also-called>Influenza</also-called>
<also-called>Seasonal flu</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The flu, also called influenza, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. Each year, millions of Americans get sick with the flu. Sometimes it causes mild illness. But it can also be serious or even deadly, especially for people over 65, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes the flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The flu is caused by flu viruses that spread from person to person. When someone with the flu coughs, sneezes, or talks, they spray tiny droplets. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, a person may get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of the flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of the flu come on suddenly and may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; or feeling feverish/chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;Sore throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runny or stuffy nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle or body aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt; (tiredness)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. This is more common in children.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people have trouble figuring out whether they have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;cold&lt;/a&gt; or the flu. There are differences between them:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Signs and Symptoms&lt;/th&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Cold&lt;/th&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Flu&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Start of symptoms&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Slowly&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Suddenly&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Fever&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Rarely&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Usually&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Aches&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Sometimes (slight)&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Usually&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Fatigue, weakness&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Sometimes&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Usually&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Headache&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Rarely&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Common&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Stuffy nose, sneezing, or sore throat&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Common&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Sometimes&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Sometimes people say that they have a "flu" when they really have something else. For example, "stomach flu" isn't the flu; it's &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can the flu cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people who get the flu will develop complications. Some of these complications can be serious or even life-threatening. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;Bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;Ear infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html"&gt;Sinus infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;Pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis), brain (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html"&gt;encephalitis&lt;/a&gt;), or muscle tissues (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html"&gt;myositis&lt;/a&gt;, rhabdomyolysis)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The flu also can make chronic health problems worse. For example, people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt; may have asthma attacks while they have flu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain people are more likely to have complications from the flu, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 65 and older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Pregnant women&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children younger than 5&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with certain chronic health conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is the flu diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose the flu, health care providers will first do a medical history and ask about your symptoms. There are several &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/flu-influenza-test/"&gt;tests for the flu&lt;/a&gt;. For the tests, your provider will swipe the inside of your nose or the back of your throat with a swab. Then the swab will be tested for the flu virus.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some tests are quick and give results in 15-20 minutes. But these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can give you the results in one hour or several hours.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for the flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with the flu recover on their own without medical care. People with mild cases of the flu should stay home and avoid contact with others, except to get medical care.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;But if you have symptoms of flu and are in a high risk group or are very sick or worried about your illness, contact your health care provider. You might need antiviral medicines to treat your flu. Antiviral medicines can make the illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They also can prevent serious flu complications. They usually work best when you start taking them within 2 days of getting sick.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can the flu be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The best way to prevent the flu is to get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;flu vaccine&lt;/a&gt; every year. But it's also important to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good health habits&lt;/a&gt; like covering your cough and washing your hands often. This can help stop the spread of germs and prevent the flu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html" id="1980" language="Spanish">Gripe</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007251">Influenza, Human</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ພາສາລາວ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Lao">Lao</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/flu.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birdflu.html" id="4198">Bird Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196">Common Cold</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html" id="6236">Flu Shot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5188">H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Grippe</see-reference>
<see-reference>Influenza</see-reference>
<site title="2023-2024 Flu Season" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/season/2023-2024.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/season/faq-flu-season-2024-2025.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="5 Tips: Natural Products for the Flu and Colds: What Does the Science Say?" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/tips-natural-products-for-the-flu-and-colds-what-does-the-science-say">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Influenza" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/about/keyfacts.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer, Flu, and You" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/resources/features/CancerFlu/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-flu-and-you.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregivers of Infants and Young Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/takingcare/infantcare.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/infantcare.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Someone Sick (Flu)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/takingcare/caring-for-someone.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/takingcare/caring-for-someone.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Flu Antiviral Drugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children-antiviral.htm" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children-antiviral.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Influenza, Human" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Influenza,+Human%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colds and the Flu" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/colds-and-the-flu/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condition/resfriados-y-gripe/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds and the flu - what to ask your doctor - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colds, Flu, and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colds-flu-and-complementary-health-approaches" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-gripe-y-los-resfriados-en-detalles">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College students and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decongestants: OTC Relief for Congestion" url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis for Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/testing/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/testing.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Echinacea" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/echinacea">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elderberry" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/elderberry">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000080.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu (Influenza) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/flu-influenza-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-gripe-influenza/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flu and Children with Neurologic Conditions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/neurologic-pediatric.htm" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/neurologic-pediatric.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and People 65 Years and Older" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/65over.htm" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/65over.htm">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and People Living with HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/hiv-flu.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and People with Asthma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/asthma.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and People with Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/diabetes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and People with Heart Disease or History of Stroke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/heartdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/heartdisease.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu Prevention: Information for Travelers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/travelersfacts/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/school-business/travelersfacts.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu: A Guide for Parents of Children or Adolescents with Chronic Health Conditions" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chronic/Pages/Flu-A-Guide-for-Parents-of-Children-or-Adolescents-With-Chronic-Health-Conditions.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chronic/paginas/flu-a-guide-for-parents-of-children-or-adolescents-with-chronic-health-conditions.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu: What to Do If You Get Sick" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/takingcare/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/takingcare/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FluView" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu-resources/php/resources/fluview.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/enes/flu/fluiq.htm">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Habits to Help Protect against Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevention/actions-prevent-flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/actions-prevent-flu.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/influenza">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Influenza (Flu)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza Photos" url="https://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/influenza/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It a Cold, the Flu, an RSV Infection, or COVID-19? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vs-cold.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-vs-cold.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Flu, COVID-19, Allergies, or a Cold?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Swab" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="People at Higher Risk of Flu Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007443.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Seasonal Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/prevention.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing the Flu" url="https://familydoctor.org/preventing-the-flu/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/previniendo-la-gripe/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Family from Fraudulent Flu Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/protect-your-family-fraudulent-flu-products" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/proteja-su-familia-de-los-productos-fraudulentos-para-la-gripe">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Influenza%2C+Human%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Flu and Staph Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/signs-symptoms/flustaph.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flustaph.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Flu Prevention Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000080_44.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000080_99.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Flu" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/flu.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Flu (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/flu.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Flu: Should You Go to School?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/h1n1-school.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/h1n1-school.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Influenza (Flu)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/enes/flu/weekly/summary.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do About the Flu" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do if You Get the Flu" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-what-do-if-you-get-flu">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your baby and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your child and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007445.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The flu shot causes your body to develop antibodies against influenza viruses. Know more about getting vaccinated against getting the flu." title="Flu Shot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html" id="6236" language="English" date-created="07/06/2015">
<also-called>Flu vaccine</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the flu?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; (influenza) is a respiratory infection. It is caused by influenza viruses that infect your nose, throat, and lungs. These viruses can spread from person to person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people with the flu get better on their own, without medical care. But for some people, the flu is serious. It can cause complications and sometimes even death. People who are 65 and older, under age 5, pregnant, or have certain health conditions are at higher risk of flu complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Getting vaccinated against the flu each year is best way to lower your risk of the flu and its complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the benefits of getting a flu shot?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons to get a flu shot each year:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It may keep you from getting sick with the flu.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you do get the flu, it may be less severe. You may also be less likely to have complications or need to be hospitalized with the flu.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have certain chronic health conditions, getting a flu shot may help prevent the flu from making your condition worse. For example, if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, the flu can worsen your condition so much that you might need to be hospitalized. Getting a flu shot can lower this risk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting the vaccine during pregnancy not only helps protect you from the flu during and after pregnancy. It also helps protect your baby from flu during their first few months of life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It has been shown to lower the risk of severe life-threatening flu in children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It may also protect the people around you, including those who are at higher risk of complications.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do flu shots work?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The flu vaccine causes your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; to make antibodies about two weeks after you get the shot. These antibodies provide protection against infection with the flu viruses that are in the vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs a flu shot?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual flu shots for everyone 6 months and older, with a few rare exceptions.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Flu shots are especially important for people who are at high risk of developing serious complications from the flu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of flu vaccines. There are injectable vaccines (shots) and nasal spray vaccines.  There are also some vaccines especially for people 65 and older. Ask your health care provider which one is right for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who should not get a flu shot?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are some people who should not get a flu shot:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children younger than 6 months of age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have severe, life-threatening allergies to flu vaccine or any ingredient in the vaccine. This might include gelatin, antibiotics, or other ingredients.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people need to talk to their provider before they get a flu shot. They include people who:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an allergy to any of the ingredients in the vaccine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have ever had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;Guillain-Barre syndrome&lt;/a&gt;(GBS). Some people with a history of GBS should not get a flu vaccine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are moderately or severely ill, you usually need to wait until you recover before getting a flu shot.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why do I need a flu shot every year?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You need to get a flu shot every year because:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your immune protection from the vaccine declines over time. You need to get the shot every year to boost that protection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flu viruses are constantly changing, so every year, the flu vaccine is updated. The flu vaccine will include protection against the viruses that will most likely be common during the upcoming flu season.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When should I get the flu shot?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For most people who need only one dose of the flu vaccine for the season, September and October are usually good times to get it. It's best to be vaccinated by the end of October.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some children need two doses of the flu vaccine. They should get their first dose as soon as the vaccine is available. They need to get the second dose at least four weeks after the first.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are pregnant, talk to your provider about when to get the vaccine. When you should get it can vary, based on how far along you are in your pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Do flu shots cause side effects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flu vaccines have been shown to be safe. But like any medical product, they can cause side effects. If you have any side effects, they are usually mild and go away on their own within a few days. Common side effects include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Soreness, redness, and/or swelling from the shot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The flu shot, like other injections, can occasionally cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;fainting&lt;/a&gt;. In rare cases, some people have a serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;allergic reaction&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html" id="6237" language="Spanish">Vacuna para la gripe</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007252">Influenza Vaccines</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299">Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<see-reference>Influenza Vaccine</see-reference>
<site title="Benefits of the Flu Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/benefits/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Kids Get a COVID-19 Vaccine Along with the Flu Vaccine? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Flu Vaccine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Influenza+Vaccines%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FDA's Critical Role in Ensuring Supply of Influenza Vaccine" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fdas-critical-role-ensuring-supply-influenza-vaccine" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-papel-fundamental-de-la-fda-para-garantizar-el-suministro-de-la-vacuna-contra-la-influenza">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu Vaccine and People with Egg Allergies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines/egg-allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/egg-allergies.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu Vaccine Guidance for Patients with Immune Deficiency" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/immuno-deficiency/flu-vaccine-guidance" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-inmunodeficiencias/guia-sobre-la-vacuna-contra-la-gripe-para-paciente">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-safety/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu Vaccine Safety and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-safety/vaccine-pregnant.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/qa_vacpregnant.htm">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluzone High-Dose Seasonal Influenza Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-types/flu-zone.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/qa_fluzone.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Flu Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-safety/guillainbarre.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/guillainbarre.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flu.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.immunize.org/vis/spanish_flu_inactive.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Facts about Seasonal Flu Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines/keyfacts.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/keyfacts.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Misconceptions about Seasonal Flu and Flu Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevention/misconceptions.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/misconceptions.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flu Shot" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Influenza+Vaccines%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recombinant Influenza (Flu) Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-types/flublok-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/enes/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_flublok-vaccine.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thimerosal in Flu Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-safety/thimerosal.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/thimerosal.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Too Late for the Flu Vaccine?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/late-flu-shot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/late-flu-shot.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations and Flu Shots for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines - immunizations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002024.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="How do you know if your fluids and electrolytes are in balance? Find out.  " title="Fluid and Electrolyte Balance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4224" language="English" date-created="09/20/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are electrolytes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Electrolytes are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt; that have an electric charge when they are dissolved in water or body fluids, including blood. The electric charge can be positive or negative. You have electrolytes in your blood, urine (pee), tissues, and other body fluids.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Electrolytes are important because they help:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balance the amount of water in your body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balance your body's acid/base (pH) level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Move nutrients into your cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Move wastes out of your cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Support your muscle and nerve function&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep your heart rate and rhythm steady&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Keep your blood pressure stable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep your bones and teeth healthy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of electrolytes in your body?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main electrolytes in your body include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bicarbonate, which helps maintain the body's acid and base balance (pH). It also plays an important role in moving carbon dioxide through the bloodstream.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;Calcium&lt;/a&gt;, which helps make and keep bones and teeth strong.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chloride, which also helps control the amount of fluid in the body. In addition, it helps maintain healthy blood volume and blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Magnesium, which helps your muscles, nerves, and heart work properly. It also helps control blood pressure and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood glucose&lt;/a&gt; (blood sugar).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Phosphate, which works together with calcium to build strong bones and teeth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;Potassium&lt;/a&gt;, which helps your cells, heart, and muscles work properly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;Sodium&lt;/a&gt;, which helps control the amount of fluid in the body. It also helps your nerves and muscles work properly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You get these electrolytes from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is an electrolyte imbalance?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An electrolyte imbalance means that the level of one or more electrolytes in your body is too low or too high. It can happen when the amount of water in your body changes. The amount of water that you take in should equal the amount you lose. If something upsets this balance, you may have too little water (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;) or too much water (overhydration). Some of the more common reasons why you might have an imbalance of the water in your body include: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting&lt;/a&gt; and/or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heavy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html"&gt;sweating&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not drinking enough fluids, especially when doing intense exercise or when the weather is very hot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking too much water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of electrolyte imbalances?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The names of the different types of electrolyte imbalances are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Names of different types of electrolyte imbalances" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Electrolyte&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Too low&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Too high&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Bicarbonate&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Acidosis&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Alkalosis&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Calcium&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hypocalcemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hypercalcemia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Chloride&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hypochloremia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hyperchloremia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Magnesium&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hypomagnesemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hypermagnesemia&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Phosphate&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hypophosphatemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hyperphosphatemia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Potassium&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hypokalemia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hyperkalemia&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Sodium&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Hyponatremia&lt;/td&gt;       
            &lt;td&gt;Hypernatremia&lt;/td&gt;  
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are electrolyte imbalances diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A test called an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/"&gt;electrolyte panel&lt;/a&gt; can check the levels of your body's main electrolytes. A related test, the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anion-gap-blood-test/"&gt;anion gap blood test&lt;/a&gt;, checks whether your electrolytes are out of balance or if your blood is too acidic or not acidic enough.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for electrolyte imbalances?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for an electrolyte imbalance depends on which electrolytes are out of balance, if there is too little or too many, and what is causing the imbalance. In minor cases, you may just need to make some changes to your diet. In other cases, you may need other treatments. For example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you don't have enough of an electrolyte, you may get electrolyte replacement therapy. This involves giving you more of that electrolyte. It could be a medicine or supplement that you swallow or drink, or it may be given intravenously (by IV).&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;If you have too much of an electrolyte, your provider may give you medicines or fluids (by mouth or by IV) to help remove that electrolyte from your body. In severe cases, you may need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt; to filter out the electrolyte.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4225" language="Spanish">Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014882">Water-Electrolyte Balance</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014883">Water-Electrolyte Imbalance</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html" id="6051">Dehydration</related-topic>
<see-reference>Electrolytes</see-reference>
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Aldosterone blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003704.htm">
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<site title="Anion Gap Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anion-gap-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-la-brecha-anionica/">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-hypocalcemia">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Basic Blood Chemistry Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest5.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basic metabolic panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003462.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/carbon-dioxide-co2-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/dioxido-de-carbono-co2-en-la-sangre/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chloride - urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003601.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chloride Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chloride-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cloruro-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Chloride test - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003485.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003485.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Water-Electrolyte Imbalance" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Water-Electrolyte+Imbalance%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CO2 blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003469.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Electrolyte Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrolytes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002350.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluid imbalance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001187.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="H20 for Healthy Aging" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/h20-for-healthy-aging" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-h20-para-un-envejecimiento-saludable">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydrating for Health: Why Drinking Water Is So Important" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/05/hydrating-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/hidratarse-para-estar-sano">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypomagnesemia-with-secondary-hypocalcemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypophosphatemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000307.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000307.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isolated hyperchlorhidrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-hyperchlorhidrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low blood sodium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000394.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnesium blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003487.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnesium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/magnesium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-magnesio-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Magnesium deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000315.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk-alkali syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000332.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and Healthy Eating: How Much Water Should You Drink Each Day?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osmolality blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003463.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osmolality Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/osmolality-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-osmolalidad/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osmolality urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003609.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pseudohypoaldosteronism-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fluid and Electrolyte Balance" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Water-Electrolyte+Balance%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Water-Electrolyte+Imbalance%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skin turgor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003281.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sodium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sodio-en-la-sangre/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sodium urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thirst - absent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003086.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine concentration test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003608.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine output - decreased" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003147.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine specific gravity test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003587.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Water in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002471.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una fobia es un tipo de trastorno de ansiedad. Es un temor fuerte e irracional de algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real. Síntomas y tratamientos." title="Fobias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html" id="2089" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una fobia es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;trastorno de ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;. Es un temor fuerte e irracional de algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de fobias. La acrofobia es el temor a las alturas. La agorafobia es el temor a los lugares públicos y la claustrofobia es el temor a los espacios cerrados. Si se siente ansioso e inseguro de las situaciones sociales cotidianas, usted podría tener una fobia social. Otras fobias comunes incluyen los túneles, conducir en autopistas, el agua, volar, los animales y la sangre.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con fobias intentan evitar lo que les provoca miedo. Si eso no es posible, pueden sentir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pánico y miedo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taquicardia, cuando el corazón late muy rápido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de aire&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Temblores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un fuerte deseo de huir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, las fobias comienzan en la niñez o en la adolescencia y continúan durante la edad adulta. Las causas de las fobias no se comprenden bien todavía pero sí se sabe que a veces pueden ser hereditarias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento ayuda a la mayoría de las personas con fobias. Entre las opciones se encuentran medicamentos, psicoterapia o ambas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html" id="360" language="English">Phobias</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html" id="1752">Ansiedad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html" id="2076">Trastorno de pánico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ansiedad social</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fobia Social</see-reference>
<site title="Agorafobia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000923.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad social" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/social-phobia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/social-phobia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la ansiedad causada por los exámenes médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fobia específica o simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000956.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fobia social" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000957.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fobia social (trastorno de ansiedad social)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fobia-social-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/social-phobia.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fobias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/phobias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/phobias.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fobias específicas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miedo a hablar en público: ¿cómo superarlo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/expert-answers/fear-of-public-speaking/faq-20058416?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/expert-answers/fear-of-public-speaking/faq-20058416?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miedos y preocupaciones de la infancia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad social (fobia social)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad social: Más allá de la simple timidez" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-ansiedad-social-mas-alla-de-la-simple-timidez" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de pánico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-de-panico-y-ataques-de-panico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/panic-disorder/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de ansiedad" url="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Images/FactSheets/Spanish_Anxiety_(trastornos-de-ansiedad).pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la ansiedad: El papel de la psicoterapia en el tratamiento eficaz" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/tratamiento?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/disorders?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you are pregnant, your doctor has probably talked to you about folic acid. This important B vitamin is also important for everyone. Learn more." title="Folic Acid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" id="1611" language="English" date-created="03/27/2002">
<also-called>Folacin</also-called>
<also-called>Folate</also-called>
<also-called>Pteroylglutamic acid</also-called>
<also-called>Vitamin B9</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Folic acid is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;B vitamin&lt;/a&gt;. It helps the body make healthy new cells. Everyone needs folic acid. For women who may get pregnant, it is really important.  Getting enough folic acid before and during pregnancy can prevent major birth &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;defects&lt;/a&gt; of her baby's brain or spine. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Foods with folic acid in them include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leafy green vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fruits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dried beans, peas, and nuts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enriched breads, cereals and other grain products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you don't get enough folic acid from the foods you eat, you can also take it as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;dietary supplement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" id="1907" language="Spanish">Ácido fólico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005494">Folic Acid Deficiency</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005492">Folic Acid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Folate</see-reference>
<site title="About Folic Acid" url="https://www.cdc.gov/folic-acid/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/folicacid/about.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral folate transport deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebral-folate-transport-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Folic Acid Deficiency" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Folic+Acid+Deficiency%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Folate" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Folate (Folic Acid)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-folate/art-20364625?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folate deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000354.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folate-deficiency anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000551.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folic Acid" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/folic-acid" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/folic-acid">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folic acid - test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003686.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003686.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folic acid in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002408.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary folate malabsorption: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-folate-malabsorption">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Homocysteine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/homocysteine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-homocisteina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folic Acid" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Folic+Acid+Deficiency%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Folic+Acid%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-b-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-b/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Food allergy is an abnormal response triggered by your body's immune system. The reaction may be mild or severe (anaphylaxis). Learn more. " title="Food Allergy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html" id="1256" language="English" date-created="03/21/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a food allergy?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;A food &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergy&lt;/a&gt; is an abnormal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; reaction to certain foods. Your immune system normally protects you from germs. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly reacts to certain foods as if they were harmful. This reaction is usually mild. But in some cases, it can be serious or even life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;A food intolerance is different than a food allergy. If you have a food intolerance, you also have symptoms when you eat that food. But these are typically just digestive symptoms such as bloating and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt;. Also, an intolerance is not an immune system reaction.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Most food allergies are caused by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cow's milk&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chicken eggs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crustacean shellfish, such as shrimp, crab, lobster, and crayfish&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fish&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peanuts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sesame&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Soy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tree nuts, such as almonds, walnuts, pecans&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with a food allergy may be allergic to more than one type of food.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop a food allergy?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Both children and adults can have food allergies. Some children will outgrow their food allergies. And sometimes people can develop food allergies as adult.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain factors can make you more likely to have a food allergy. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;eczema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a disease that causes inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin. Your immune system also plays a role in eczema.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having asthma or other allergies&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html"&gt;hay fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your genes.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain genes may influence the development of food allergies. And you are more likely to have food allergies if someone in your family has allergies, asthma, or eczema.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of food allergies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are allergic to a food you have eaten, you may have a variety of symptoms. These symptoms are not always the same for every person. And the symptoms that you get each time you eat the food may not always be the same. For example, your symptoms may sometimes depend on how much of the food you ate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Food allergy symptoms usually start within a few minutes to two hours after you eat that food. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html"&gt;Hives&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flushed skin or rash&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tingling or itchy sensation in the mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Face, tongue, or lip swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vomiting&lt;/a&gt; and/or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal (belly) cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Coughing&lt;/a&gt; or wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt; and/or lightheadedness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling of the throat and vocal cords&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, a food allergy can cause a life-threatening reaction called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anaphylaxis&lt;/a&gt;. It may start out with some milder symptoms, but then it becomes more serious. It can lead to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Narrowed airways in the lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe trouble breathing because of swelling in the throat &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe lowering of blood pressure and shock ("anaphylactic shock")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a medical emergency. Call 911 if someone is having the symptoms of anaphylaxis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are food allergies diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have a food allergy, your health care provider will&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your symptoms, family health history, and medical history, including other allergies.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Likely do a physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do food &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/"&gt;allergy testing&lt;/a&gt;. This could involve skin testing, blood testing, a food elimination diet, and/or an oral food challenge test. An oral food challenge test is the most accurate food allergy test.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for food allergies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for food allergies. The only way to prevent a reaction is to avoid eating the food that you are allergic to.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are medicines for people with food allergies. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to reduce food allergy symptoms, including antihistamines and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to reduce allergic reactions, including severe reactions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Epinephrine, a medicine to treat anaphylaxis. Your provider may give you a prescription for an epinephrine auto-injector. It is a device used to inject epinephrine when someone is having symptoms of anaphylaxis. If you have been prescribed one, it's important to learn how to use it and to carry it with you at all times.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have a food allergy, it's a good idea to have a medical alert bracelet that says what your allergy is.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html" id="1908" language="Spanish">Alergia a los alimentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005512">Food Hypersensitivity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html" id="6257">Anaphylaxis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897">Celiac Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html" id="898">Lactose Intolerance</related-topic>
<see-reference>Allergy, Food</see-reference>
<see-reference>Egg Allergy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Milk Allergy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nut Allergy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Peanut Allergy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shellfish Allergy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Wheat Allergy</see-reference>
<site title="About Alpha-gal Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/alpha-gal-syndrome/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies and Hyperactivity" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/adhd/pages/allergies-and-hyperactivity.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Allergies-and-Hyperactivity.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergy testing - skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and Food Allergies" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Asthma-and-Food-Allergies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/asthma-and-food-allergies.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avoiding Cross-Contact" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/avoiding-cross-contact">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Egg Hypersensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Egg+Hypersensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Food Hypersensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Milk Hypersensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Milk+Hypersensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nut Hypersensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nut+Hypersensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Peanut Hypersensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Peanut+Hypersensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Wheat Hypersensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Wheat+Hypersensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dairy-Free Diet (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dairy-free-diet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dairy-free-diet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dining Out" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/dining-out">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Egg Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/egg-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/egg-allergy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Egg Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/egg-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/egg-allergy.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinophilic Esophagitis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts and Statistics about Food Allergies" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/facts-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Allergist/Immunologist" url="https://allergist.aaaai.org/find/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fish Allergy" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/fish">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fish Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fish-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fish-allergy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergies" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/food-allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/food-allergies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Food Allergies" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/food-allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/food-allergies.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergies" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/food-allergies/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/alergias-a-los-alimentos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergies at School" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/foodallergies/index.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/foodallergies/index_esp.htm">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20355095?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/in-depth/food-allergies/art-20045949?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food allergy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000817.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/food-allergy-ttr" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/alergia-alimentaria-consejos-para-tener-en-cuenta">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/food-allergy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/food-allergy">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Food Allergy 101 -- Basics of Food Allergies" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/food-allergy-101">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food Intolerance vs. Food Allergy: What's the Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/FAQ-20058538?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/faq-20058538?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fpies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fpies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Have Food Allergies? Read the Label" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/have-food-allergies-read-label" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tiene-alergias-los-alimentos-lea-la-etiqueta">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histamine: The Stuff Allergies are Made of" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/histamine-the-stuff-allergies-are-made-of/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/histamina-de-lo-que-esta-hecha-la-alergia/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infant Allergies and Food Sensitivities" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Infant-Allergies-and-Food-Sensitivities.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/infant-allergies-and-food-sensitivities.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lasting Protection From Peanut Allergy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/08/lasting-protection-peanut-allergy" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/proteccion-duradera-contra-la-alergia-al-mani">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with Food Allergies" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Food Allergies at College" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/preparing-college">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Milk Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/milk-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/milk-allergy.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk Allergy" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/milk">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk Allergy in Infants" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/milk-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/milk-allergy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nut and Peanut Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nut and Peanut Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peanut Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peanut-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376175?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peanut Allergy" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/peanut">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reasons to Do Food Challenges" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/food-allergies/food-allergies-diagnosis/reasons-to-do-food-challenges?modal=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing and Treating Reaction Symptoms" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/recognizing-and-treating-reaction-symptoms">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shellfish Allergy" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/shellfish">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shellfish Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shellfish-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shellfish-allergy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soy Allergy" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/soy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Yourself" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/taking-care-yourself">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Food Allergy Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000817_8.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000817_68.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Keeping Safe at Home" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/tips-keeping-safe-home">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with Food Allergies" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/traveling">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tree Nut Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tree-nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tree-nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tree Nut Allergy" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/tree-nut">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tree Nut Allergy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tree-nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tree-nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tree Nut Allergy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tree-nut-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tree-nut-allergy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Food Allergies: How to Prevent Peanut Allergy and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/03/understanding-food-allergies" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entender-las-alergias-alimentarias">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Food Allergy" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/understanding-food-allergy">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wheat Allergy" url="https://www.foodallergy.org/living-food-allergies/food-allergy-essentials/common-allergens/wheat">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food Allergy Research &amp; Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wheat Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wheat-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378897?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wheat-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378897?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Most packaged foods in the U.S. have food labels. The label can help you eat a healthy, balanced, diet. Learn more." title="Food Labeling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html" id="3756" language="English" date-created="02/12/2004">
<also-called>Nutrition labeling</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;All packaged foods and beverages in the U.S. have food labels. These "Nutrition Facts" labels can help you make smarter food choices and eat a healthy diet. 

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Before you read the food label, you should know a few things:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Serving size&lt;/strong&gt; is based on how much people usually eat and drink at one time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Number of servings&lt;/strong&gt; tells you how many servings are in the container. Some labels will give you information about calories and nutrients for both the whole package and each serving size. But many labels just tell you that information for each serving size. You need to think about the serving size when you decide how much to eat or drink. For example, if a bottle of juice has two servings and you drink the whole bottle, then you are getting twice the amount of sugar that is listed on the label.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Percent daily value (%DV)&lt;/strong&gt; is a number that helps you understand how much of a nutrient is in one serving. Experts recommend that you get certain amount of different nutrients daily. %DV tells you what percentage of the daily recommendation you get from one serving of a food. With this, you can figure out if a food is high or low in a nutrient: 5% or less is low, 20% or more is high.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The information on a food label can help you see how a certain food or drink fits into your overall diet. The label lists, per serving,:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The number of calories&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;Fats&lt;/a&gt;, including total fat, saturated fat, and trans fat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;Sodium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;Carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fiber&lt;/a&gt;, total sugar, and added sugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;Protein&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitamins&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;Minerals&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html" id="3757" language="Spanish">Etiquetado de alimentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005515">Food Labeling</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434">Food Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nutrition Labeling</see-reference>
<site title="Additives In Meat and Poultry Products" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/additives-meat-and-poultry">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Food Labeling" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Food+Labeling%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Figuring Out Food Labels" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/food-labels.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/food-labels.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Figuring Out Food Labels (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/labels.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/labels.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food labeling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002459.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Product Dating" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/food-product-dating" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/etiquetado-de-alimentos/fechas-en-productos/fechas-productos-alimentos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fresh Take on What &quot;Healthy&quot; Means on Food Packages" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fresh-take-what-healthy-means-food-packages" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/una-nueva-perspectiva-de-lo-que-significa-saludable-en-los-paquetes-de-alimentos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="From the Label to the Table!" url="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/healthy-living/food/food-labels">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gluten-Free Labeling of Foods" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods/gluten-free-labeling-foods">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Have Food Allergies? Read the Label" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/have-food-allergies-read-label" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tiene-alergias-los-alimentos-lea-la-etiqueta">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Read Food and Beverage Labels" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-eating-nutrition-and-diet/how-read-food-and-beverage-labels">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to read food labels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/meat-and-poultry-labeling-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/etiquetado-de-alimentos/terminos-usados-en-etiquetas/terminos-usados-en+etiquetas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk and Plant-Based Milk Alternatives: Know the Nutrient Difference" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/milk-and-plant-based-milk-alternatives-know-nutrient-difference" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-leche-y-las-alternativas-base-de-plantas-conozca-la-diferencia-de-nutrientes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Natural Flavorings on Meat and Poultry Labels" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/natural-flavors-meat-and-poultry" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/etiquetado-de-alimentos/saborizantes-naturales-en-etiquetas/saborizantes-naturales-en-etiquetas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts -- Read the Label: Tips for Parents" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128913/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128914/download">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts for Cooked Seafood" url="https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/Nutrition-Information-for-Cooked-Seafood-(purchased-raw)---Medium-PDF-Poster.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts for Raw Fruits" url="https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/Nutrition-Information-for-Raw-Fruits---small-PDF-Poster.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts for Raw Vegetables" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/70792/download">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food Labeling" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Food+Labeling%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Food Labels" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/nutrition/healthy_eating/food_labels.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Use the Nutrition Facts Label" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/eat-right/nutrition-facts.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using the Nutrition Facts Label: For Older Adults" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/using-nutrition-facts-label-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/uso-de-la-etiqueta-de-informacion-nutricional-para-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Safe steps in food handling, cooking, and storage can prevent foodborne illness. Learn the four basic steps to food safety." title="Food Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434" language="English" date-created="05/07/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Safe steps in food handling, cooking, and storage can prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;foodborne illness&lt;/a&gt;. There are four basic steps to food safety at home:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clean - always wash your fruits and vegetables, hands, counters, and cooking utensils.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Separate - keep raw foods to themselves. Germs can spread from one food to another.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cook - foods need to get hot and stay hot. Heat kills germs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chill - put fresh food in the refrigerator right away.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the grocery store, avoid cans that are bulging or jars that have cracks or loose lids. Check packages to be sure food hasn't reached its expiration date.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;United States Department of Agriculture&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910" language="Spanish">Seguridad con los alimentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059022">Food Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Gagana Samoa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/foodsafety.html#Samoan">Samoan</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/foodsafety.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1242">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<site title="About C. perfringens Food Poisoning" url="https://www.cdc.gov/clostridium-perfringens/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/EspecialesCDC/clostridiumperfringens/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Escherichia coli Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/ecoli-and-food-safety.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Four Steps to Food Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/prevention/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aflatoxin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002429.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antimicrobial Resistance, Food, and Food Animals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/antimicrobial-resistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/challenges/antibiotic-resistance.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are You Storing Food Safely?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/are-you-storing-food-safely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/esta-almacenando-los-alimentos-en-forma-segura">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barbecue Basics: Tips to Prevent Foodborne Illness" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/barbecue-basics-tips-prevent-foodborne-illness" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consejos-basicos-para-cocinar-la-parrilla-evite-las-enfermedades-transmitidas-por-alimentos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemicals in Meat Cooked at High Temperatures and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cooked-meats-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-carne-cocinada">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Food Safety" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Food+Safety%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold Food Storage Chart" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/cold-food-storage-charts">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color of Meat and Poultry" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/color-meat-and-poultry">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cooking utensils and nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002461.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cutting Boards and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/cutting-boards">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Out &amp; Bringing In - Food Safety for Moms to Be" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/eating-out-bringing-food-safety-moms-be">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Egg Products and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/eggs/egg-products-and-food-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fires and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/emergencies/fires-and-food-safety">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flour Is a Raw Food and Other Safety Facts" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/flour-raw-food-and-other-safety-facts" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-harina-es-un-alimento-crudo-y-otros-datos-relacionados-con-la-inocuidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Delivery Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/food-safety-meal-kits.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/food-safety-meal-kits.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety and Raw Milk" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/rawmilk/raw-milk-index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety at Home" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/food-safety-home" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/seguridad-alimentaria-en-el-hogar-food-safety-home">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/foods-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/foods-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety for Moms to Be" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/food-safety-moms-be" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/seguridad-alimentaria-para-futuras-mamas">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="FoodSafety.gov" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Freezing and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/freezing-and-food-safety">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fruit and Vegetable Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/steps-healthy-fruits-veggies.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/pdfs/fruit-veggie-safety-es-h.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetically modified organisms - GMOs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002432.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ground Beef and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat/ground-beef-and-food-safety" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/preparacion-de-las-carnes/enfoque-carne-molida-de-res/carne-molida-res">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halloween Food Safety Tips for Parents" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/halloween-food-safety-tips-parents">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Handling Flour Safely: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/handling-flour-safely-what-you-need-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/manejo-seguro-de-la-harina-lo-que-necesita-saber">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Altitude Cooking and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/high-altitude-cooking">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Safe Are Color Additives?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-safe-are-color-additives" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-tan-seguros-son-los-colorantes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Grill Safely" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/bbq-iq.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/pdfs/grill-safety_infographic_final508-es.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Food Safe if It Has Chemicals?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/food-safe-if-it-has-chemicals" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov//consumers/consumer-updates/son-seguros-los-alimentos-si-tienen-sustancias-quimicas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep Food Safe after a Disaster or Emergency" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/keep-food-safe-after-emergency.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep Food Safe! Food Safety Basics" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/steps-keep-food-safe">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Food Safe During Emergencies: Power Outages, Floods, and Fires" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/emergencies/keep-your-food-safe-during-emergencies" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/seguridad-alimentaria-y-preparacion-para-emergencias/c_mo-mantener-los-alimentos-sanos-durante-una-emergencia/CT_Index">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Your Milk Safe from the Grass to the Glass" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/keeping-your-milk-safe-grass-glass" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-mantener-la-inocuidad-de-la-leche-desde-su-produccion-hasta-su-consumo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kitchen Thermometers" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/kitchen-thermometers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/aparatos-electordomesticos-termometros/termometros-de-cocina">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lettuce, other Leafy Greens, and Food Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/leafy-greens.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/leafy-greens.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Once Baby Arrives" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/once-baby-arrives-food-safety-moms-be" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/cuando-llega-el-bebe">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="People at Risk: Children under Five" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/children-under-five" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mg13/ni%C3%B1os-menores-de-cinco-a%C3%B1os">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perchlorate Questions and Answers" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/environmental-contaminants-food/perchlorate-questions-and-answers">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing Your Holiday Turkey Safely" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/holiday-turkey.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/es/foods/como-preparar-el-pavo-de-forma-segura-para-las-fiestas-de-fin-de-ano.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing food poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007441.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Food+Safety%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Raw Flour and Dough" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/no-raw-dough.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/no-a-la-masa-cruda.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts" url="https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Refrigeration and Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/refrigeration" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/manejo-adecuado-de-alimentos/la-refrigeracion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/safe-temperature-chart">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safer Food Choices for Adults 65 Years or Older" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/adults-65-older.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/media/pdfs/341844-series_ncezid_safefoodtables-es_older.pdf">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Selecting and Serving Fresh and Frozen Seafood Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/selecting-and-serving-fresh-and-frozen-seafood-safely">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shelf-Stable Food Safety" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/shelf-stable-food">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="To Eat or Not to Eat: Decorative Products on Foods Can Be Unsafe" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/eat-or-not-eat-decorative-products-foods-can-be-unsafe" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/comer-o-no-comer-los-productos-decorativos-en-los-alimentos-pueden-no-ser-seguros">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/usda-meat-and-poultry-hotline">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many pathogens and bacteria can contaminate what we eat and cause food poisoning. Find out the food and germs most associated with foodborne illness." title="Foodborne Illness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254" language="English" date-created="09/02/1999">
<also-called>Food Poisoning</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Each year, around 48 million people in the United States get sick from contaminated food. Common causes include bacteria and viruses. Less often, the cause may be a parasite or a harmful chemical, such as a high amount of pesticides. Symptoms of foodborne illness depend on the cause. They can be mild or serious. They usually include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Upset stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;Dehydration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most foodborne illnesses are acute. This means that they happen suddenly and last a short time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It takes several steps to get food from the farm or fishery to your dining table. Contamination can happen during any of these steps. For example, it can happen to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Raw meat during slaughter&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fruits and vegetables when they are growing or when they are processed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Refrigerated foods when they are left on a loading dock in warm weather&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But it can also happen in your kitchen if you leave food out for more than 2 hours at room temperature. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;Handling food safely&lt;/a&gt; can help prevent foodborne illnesses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people with foodborne illness get better on their own. It is important to replace lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. If your health care provider can diagnose the specific cause, you may get medicines such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; to treat it. For more serious illness, you may need treatment at a hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909" language="Spanish">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005506">Food Contamination</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005517">Foodborne Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html" id="1557">Botulism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6046">Campylobacter Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html" id="1435">Drinking Water</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html" id="1010">E. Coli Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434">Food Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/listeriainfections.html" id="1241">Listeria Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html" id="1213">Salmonella Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Food Poisoning</see-reference>
<see-reference>Yersinia Enterocolitica</see-reference>
<site title="About Food Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/foodborne-germs-es.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Four Steps to Food Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/prevention/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Trichinellosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/trichinellosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Vibrio Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/es/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amebiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000298.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burden of Foodborne Illness in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/burden/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chicken and Food Poisoning" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/chicken.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Foodborne Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Foodborne+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cronobacter Sakazakii" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cronobacter-sakazakii">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Delivery Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/food-safety-meal-kits.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/food-safety-meal-kits.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Poisoning" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-poisoning" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/intoxicaci%c3%b3n/efectos/v5n/%c3%adndice.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Poisoning" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/intoxicacion-alimentos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food Poisoning" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/food-poisoning.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/food-poisoning.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Poisoning" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20356230?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001652.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food poisoning prevention" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001981.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foodborne Illness-Causing Organisms in the U.S.: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/77727/download">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FoodSafety.gov" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001150.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Infections and Diarrhea" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/diarrhea.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lettuce, other Leafy Greens, and Food Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/leafy-greens.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/leafy-greens.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ova and Parasite Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oysters and Vibriosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/oysters-and-vibriosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/communication/ostras-vibriosis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parasites and Foodborne Illness" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/pathogens/parasites-and-foodborne-illness" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/enfermedades-por-alimentos/parasitos/parasitos-transmitidas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="People at Risk of Foodborne Illness" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/people-risk-foodborne-illness">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="People at Risk: Those with Weakened Immune Systems" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/people-with-weakened-immune-systems" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mgac/personas-con-el-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning - fish and shellfish" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002851.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Cronobacter in Infants" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/es/infection-and-infants-es.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foodborne Illness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Foodborne+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Food+Contamination%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shigella Infections (Shigellosis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shigella.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shigella.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shigellosis" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/shigellosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shigellosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000295.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003757.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Have you been taking good care of your feet? Learn how to select the right footwear and how to practice healthy foot care on the Foot Health topic." title="Foot Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html" id="1327" language="English" date-created="08/01/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Each step you take involves a complex network of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. This, combined with all of the weight they carry, explains why feet can have problems. To keep your feet healthy:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Examine your feet regularly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Wear comfortable shoes that fit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Wash your feet daily with soap and lukewarm water &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Trim your toenails straight across and not too short&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your foot health can be a clue to your overall health. For example, joint stiffness could mean arthritis. Tingling or numbness could be a sign of diabetes. Swelling might indicate kidney disease, heart disease, or high blood pressure.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Good foot care and regular foot checks are an important part of your health care. If you have foot problems, be sure to talk to your doctor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html" id="1911" language="Spanish">Salud del pie</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005528">Foot</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html" id="151">Athlete's Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html" id="1341">Diabetic Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3650">Heel Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html" id="532">Nail Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3648">Toe Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Shoes</see-reference>
<site title="10 Points of Proper Shoe Fit: How Do You Find the Right Shoes?" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/10-points-of-proper-shoe-fit">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Foot Health" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/foot-ankle-health/adult-feet">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society" url="https://www.aofas.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Podiatric Medical Association" url="https://www.apma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=shoes&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Focus on Your Feet! Take Steps to Protect Foot Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/focus-your-feet" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/concentrese-en-sus-pies">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot Health Facts for Athletes" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/foot-health-facts-for-athletes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Push-Up Test" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/foot-push-up-test">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going Barefoot?  Beware!" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/going-barefoot-beware!" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/going-barefoot-beware!?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Assess Changes in Feet" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-assess-changes-in-feet">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Eat Right for Healthy Feet" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-eat-right-for-healthy-feet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Evaluate Your Feet" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/foot-ankle-health/how-to-evaluate-your-feet">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Keep Feet Flexible" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-keep-feet-flexible">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Select Athletic Shoes" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-select-athletic-shoes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Foot%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Putting Your Best Foot Forward: Steps for Happy, Healthy Feet" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/putting-your-best-foot-forward-steps-for-happy-healthy-feet" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/con-el-mejor-pie-hacia-adelante-pasos-para-tener-pies-sanos-y-listos-para-el-movimiento">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Feet" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/foot-ankle-health/taking-care-of-your-feet">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Do Feet Stink?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/feet-stink.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/feet-stink.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your feet take a beating during long walks, runs or daily routines. If you're feeling foot pain, learn about foot injuries and disorders right here." title="Foot Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Each of your feet has 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 tendons, muscles, and ligaments. No wonder a lot of things can go wrong. Here are a few common problems:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Bunions&lt;/a&gt; - hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;Corns and calluses&lt;/a&gt; - thickened skin from friction or pressure&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Plantar warts - warts on the soles of your feet&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Fallen arches - also called flat feet &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ill-fitting shoes often cause these problems. Aging and being overweight also increase your chances of having foot problems.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005534">Foot Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018409">Foot Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1612">Ankle Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html" id="1341">Diabetic Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html" id="1327">Foot Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3650">Heel Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="509">Leg Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3648">Toe Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Morton's Neuroma</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Inflammation" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Foot Health" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/foot-ankle-health/adult-feet">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society" url="https://www.aofas.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Podiatric Medical Association" url="https://www.apma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis and the Feet" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=977">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Healing" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bunion: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bunion">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bunions (Hallux Abducto Valgus)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burning Feet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/burning-feet/basics/definition/SYM-20050809?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/burning-feet/basics/definition/SYM-20050809?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cavus Foot (High-Arched Foot)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cavus Foot Surgery" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/midfoot/cavus-foot-surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Charcot Foot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Charcot foot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007748.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Claw foot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003168.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Foot Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Foot+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Foot Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Foot+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neuroma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neuroma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clubfoot" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/clubfoot/symptoms-causes/syc-20350860?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clubfoot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001228.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clubfoot repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002964.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clubfoot repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100056_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100056_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Foot Problems" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/common-foot-problems?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common peroneal nerve dysfunction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000791.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extremity x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003461.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feingold syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/feingold-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgeon" url="https://www.aofas.org/find-a-foot-and-ankle-orthopaedic-surgeon">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Podiatrist" url="https://www.apma.org/Directory/FindAPodiatrist.cfm?&amp;navItemNumber=496">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flat feet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001262.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flat Feet (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flat-feet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flatfeet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flatfeet/symptoms-causes/syc-20372604?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flexible Flatfoot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot and Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/foot-and-ankle-conditioning-program/foot-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot drop" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007761.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Drop Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/foot-drop-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003183.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003183.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Problems" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/foot-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Push-Up Test" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/foot-push-up-test">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot sprain - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Surgery" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=1560">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot, leg, and ankle swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003104.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglion Cyst" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary of Foot and Ankle Terms" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand or foot spasms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003194.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand-foot-genital syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hand-foot-genital-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High arch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001261.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Evaluate Your Feet" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/foot-ankle-health/how-to-evaluate-your-feet">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="In-Toeing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gait.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gait.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoeing" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intoeing/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/marcha-convergente-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Itchy Hands or Feet" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/itchy-hands-or-feet?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007357.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg or foot amputation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007365.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lisfranc (Midfoot) Injury" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/lisfranc-midfoot-injury/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metatarsal fracture (acute) - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000571.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metatarsal stress fractures - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000553.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metatarsalgia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metatarsalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354790?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/metatarsalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354790?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metatarsus adductus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001601.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Morton neuroma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007286.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morton's Neuroma (Intermetatarsal Neuroma)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/morton-s-neuroma-(intermetatarsal-neuroma)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/morton-s-neuroma-(intermetatarsal-neuroma)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuromas" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=987">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis of the Foot and Ankle" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Out-Toeing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/out-toeing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/out-toeing.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peroneal Tendon Injuries" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pitted Keratolysis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/pitted-keratolysis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Fibroma" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-fibroma" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-fibroma?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Fibroma and Plantar Fibromatosis" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/heel/plantar-fibroma-and-plantar-fibromatosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Wart" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/plantar-wart-hpv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Warts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Custom Orthotics and Shoe Inserts" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=988">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Trench Foot or Immersion Foot" url="https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/preventing-trench-foot-or-immersion-foot.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (Flatfoot)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Foot+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Foot+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Puncture Wounds" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Search the Foot and Ankle Conditions: Interactive Foot Diagram" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/foot-ankle-conditions/search-the-foot-ankle">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Bone Healing - A Risky Surgical Combination" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/smoking-and-bone-healing-%E2%80%93-a-risky-surgical-combin">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sprains, Strains and Fractures" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=982">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subtalar Arthroscopy" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/subtalar-arthroscopy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tailor's Bunion (Bunionette)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarsal Coalition" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-tunnel-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toe Walking" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toe-walking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toe-walking.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Foot" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-foot.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you've ever gotten a splinter or had sand in your eye, you've had experience with a foreign body. Many do not cause serious harm. Learn more." title="Foreign Bodies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/foreignbodies.html" id="5607" language="English" date-created="08/24/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you've ever gotten a splinter or had sand in your eye, you've had experience with a foreign body. A foreign body is something that is stuck inside you but isn't supposed to be there. You may inhale or swallow a foreign body, or you may get one from an injury to almost any part of your body.  Foreign bodies are more common in small children, who sometimes stick things in their mouths, ears, and noses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some foreign bodies, like a small splinter, do not cause serious harm. Inhaled or swallowed foreign bodies may cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html"&gt;choking&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;bowel obstruction&lt;/a&gt; and may require medical care.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foreignbodies.html" id="5608" language="Spanish">Objetos extraños en el cuerpo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005547">Foreign Bodies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foreignbodies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" id="535">Child Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html" id="1544">Choking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html" id="240">First Aid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safety.html" id="485">Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html" id="3858">Wounds and Injuries</related-topic>
<see-reference>Splinters</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Emergency Physicians" url="https://www.acep.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bezoar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001582.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Button batteries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002764.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Foreign Bodies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Foreign+Bodies%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Foreign Body" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/corneal-foreign-body?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Foreign Body Removal" url="https://gi.org/topics/endoscopic-foreign-body-removal/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye - foreign object in" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002084.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign Body" url="https://www.virtualpediatrichospital.org/patients/cqqa/foreignbody.shtml">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Virtual Pediatric Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign body in the nose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000037.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign object - inhaled" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007738.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007738.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign object - inhaled or swallowed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000036.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign Object in the Ear: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid/basics/ART-20056709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid/basics/art-20056709?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign Object in the Eye: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid/basics/ART-20056645?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid/basics/art-20056645?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign Objects in the Rectum" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/foreign-objects-in-the-rectum" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-anales-y-rectales/objetos-extra%C3%B1os-en-el-recto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Object in Eye or Skin, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-foreign-objectin-eye-or-skin?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foreign Bodies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Foreign+Bodies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Puncture Wounds" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splinter removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002137.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splinters and Other Foreign Bodies in the Skin" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Splinters-and-Other-Foreign-Bodies-in-the-Skin.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/splinters-and-other-foreign-bodies-in-the-skin.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las fracturas en general ocurren debido a accidentes, caídas, lesiones deportivas, osteoporosis y otras causas. Siga informándose aquí." title="Fracturas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html" id="1913" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Hueso roto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una fractura?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una fractura es un hueso roto. Las fracturas generalmente son causadas por lesiones. Como a veces pueden ser serias, es importante que obtenga atención médica inmediata si cree que tiene una fractura.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de fracturas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes formas de describir las fracturas. Por ejemplo, hay diferentes tipos de fracturas basadas en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si el hueso está parcial o completamente roto&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si el hueso atraviesa la piel&lt;/strong&gt;; si lo hace, se le llama fractura abierta (o compuesta). Si no, es una fractura cerrada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La dirección o forma de la fractura&lt;/strong&gt;, por ejemplo, si está en una línea a lo largo del hueso o si tiene algún tipo de patrón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La causa de la fractura&lt;/strong&gt;, por ejemplo, una fractura por estrés es una rotura pequeña que frecuentemente es causada por exceso de uso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;El hueso que está roto&lt;/strong&gt;, por ejemplo, fracturas faciales incluyen nariz y mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las fracturas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, las fracturas suceden a causa de accidentes de auto, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones deportivas&lt;/a&gt;. El uso excesivo y movimientos repetitivos también pueden causar fracturas.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt;Densidad ósea baja&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; son afecciones que causan debilidad de sus huesos. Tener estas afecciones lo hace más propenso a romperse un hueso.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de una fractura?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de una fractura pueden variar, dependiendo de qué hueso se rompa. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor intenso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deformidad, por ejemplo, una extremidad que parezca fuera de lugar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón, moretones o sensibilidad alrededor de la lesión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para mover la parte lesionada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si piensa que puede tener un hueso roto, busque atención médica de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las fracturas?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Para averiguar si tiene una fractura, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y preguntará acerca de su lesión. También puede pedir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía&lt;/a&gt; u otra &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;prueba de imagen&lt;/a&gt; para ver si su hueso está roto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las fracturas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento más común para una fractura es un yeso o férula. Esto evitará que su hueso se mueva mientras sana. El tiempo que deba usar el yeso o férula dependerá del tipo de fractura y el hueso afectado. Frecuentemente, es por varias semanas. Su profesional de la salud le dirá cuándo puede quitárselo.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, usted puede necesitar cirugía para colocar placas, clavos y tornillos para mantener el hueso en su lugar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las fracturas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay pasos que usted puede tomar para disminuir su riesgo de facturas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenga sus huesos fuertes al:
  &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; en su dieta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo ejercicios como caminar, tenis y bailar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener tratamiento para densidad ósea baja u osteoporosis (si es necesario)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vestir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html"&gt;equipo protectivo&lt;/a&gt; cuando practica deportes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevenir caídas al:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Deshacerse de cualquier cosa que pueda hacerlo tropezar en casa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener cuidado al caminar en superficies resbalosas o congeladas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Elegir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html"&gt;calzado&lt;/a&gt; adecuado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html" id="257" language="English">Fractures</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html" id="1780">Enfermedades de los huesos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5537">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mandíbula</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2259">Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2002">Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5357">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3649">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4330">Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2049">Lesiones y enfermedades del cuello</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145">Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3651">Lesiones y enfermedades del talón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1747">Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html" id="2067">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una fractura de clavícula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000529.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una fractura nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000554.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una reducción cerrada de una fractura ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para retirar dispositivos en extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007644.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de las agujas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000481.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000481.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado del yeso: Lo que se debe hacer y lo que no se debe hacer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/cast-care/art-20047159?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/cast-care/art-20047159?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer un cabestrillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000017.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Escayolas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/casts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escayolas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/casts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/casts.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000001.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura ósea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/b-bone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/b-bone.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas (huesos fracturados): Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-fractures/basics/art-20056641?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-fractures/basics/ART-20056641?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de huesos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/broken-bones.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/broken-bones.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas por avulsión: ¿Cómo se las trata?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-ankle/expert-answers/avulsion-fracture/faq-20058520?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-ankle/expert-answers/avulsion-fracture/faq-20058520?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas por sobrecarga" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en las placas de crecimiento" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-en-las-placas-de-crecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de fracturas adicionales" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/prevencion-de-fracturas-adicionales" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/preventing-another-broken-bone">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga las caídas y fracturas" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/caida/prevenga-caidas-fracturas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/falls-and-falls-prevention/falls-and-fractures-older-adults-causes-and-prevention">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procedimiento para elaborar un cabestrillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100137_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100137_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de densidad mineral ósea: Lo que significan los números" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/pruebas-de-densidad-mineral-osea-lo-que-significan-los-numeros" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-mineral-density-tests-what-numbers-mean">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué esperar cuando te quiten la escayola" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cast-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cast-care.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía del esqueleto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003381.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reducción cerrada de una fractura ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de fracturas de huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100077_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100077_1.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para fractura metatarsiana (aguda)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000571.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para una fractura de la cabeza del radio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000561.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para una fractura metatarsiana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000553.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. There are different causes and types of fractures. Symptoms include intense pain, swelling and bruising." title="Fractures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html" id="257" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<also-called>Broken bone</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a fracture?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A fracture is a break in a bone. Fractures are usually caused by injuries. Since they can sometimes be serious, it's important to get medical care right away if you think you have a fracture.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of fractures?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different ways to describe fractures. For example, there are different types of fractures based on:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whether the bone is partially or completely broken.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whether the bone breaks through the skin;&lt;/strong&gt; if it does, it's called an open (or compound) fracture. If not, it's a closed fracture.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The direction or shape of the break,&lt;/strong&gt; for example if it's in a line across the bone or if it has some kind of pattern.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The cause of the break.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, a stress fracture is a small break in a bone that is often caused by overuse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which bone is broken,&lt;/strong&gt; for example facial fractures include nose and jaw fractures.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes fractures?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;. Overuse and repetitive motions can also cause fractures.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;Low bone density&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; are conditions which cause weakening of your bones. Having one of these conditions makes you much more likely to break a bone.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of a fracture?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of a fracture can vary, depending on which bone you broke. But they may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intense pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deformity, for example a limb that looks out of place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble moving the injured part&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think that you may have broken a bone, get medical care right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are fractures diagnosed? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have a fracture, your health provider will do a physical exam and ask about your injury. They will also likely order an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging test&lt;/a&gt; to see if your bone is broken.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for fractures?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common treatment for a fracture is for you to wear a cast or a splint. This will keep your bone from moving while it heals. How long you need to wear it will depend on the type of fracture and which bone is affected. But it's often for several weeks. Your provider will let you when you can get it off.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, you may need surgery to put in plates, pins, or screws to keep the bone in place.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can fractures be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to lower your risk of fractures:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping your bones strong by:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Getting enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; in your diet&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;, including weight bearing exercises such as walking, tennis, and dancing&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Getting treatment for low bone density or osteoporosis (if needed)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html"&gt;protective equipment&lt;/a&gt; when you do sports&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preventing falls by:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Getting rid of any tripping hazards in your home&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Being careful when walking on wet or icy surfaces&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Choosing the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html"&gt;right footwear&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html" id="1913" language="Spanish">Fracturas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D050723">Fractures, Bone</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D050724">Fractures, Cartilage</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/fractures.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1612">Ankle Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4329">Arm Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html" id="170">Bone Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5356">Finger Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3650">Heel Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287">Hip Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5536">Jaw Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304">Knee Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="509">Leg Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="339">Neck Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html" id="37">Osteoporosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3648">Toe Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657">Wrist Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Broken Bones</see-reference>
<site title="Avulsion Fracture: How Is It Treated?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-ankle/expert-answers/avulsion-fracture/faq-20058520?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-ankle/expert-answers/avulsion-fracture/faq-20058520?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone fracture repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100077_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100077_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Mineral Density Tests: What the Numbers Mean" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-mineral-density-tests-what-numbers-mean" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/pruebas-de-densidad-mineral-osea-lo-que-significan-los-numeros">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Scan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken bone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000001.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken Bones (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/broken-bones.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/broken-bones.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken Bones (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/b-bone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/b-bone.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cast Care: Do's and Don'ts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/cast-care/art-20047159?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/cast-care/art-20047159?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fractures, Bone" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fractures,+Bone%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Closed reduction of a fractured bone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Closed reduction of a fractured bone - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creating a sling - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100137_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100137_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falls and Fractures in Older Adults: Causes and Prevention" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/falls-and-falls-prevention/falls-and-fractures-older-adults-causes-and-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/caida/prevenga-caidas-fracturas">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fractures (Broken Bones): First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-fractures/basics/ART-20056641?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-fractures/basics/art-20056641?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Plate Injuries" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-en-las-placas-de-crecimiento">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hardware removal - extremity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007644.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to make a sling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pin care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000481.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000481.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Another Broken Bone" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/preventing-another-broken-bone" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/prevencion-de-fracturas-adicionales">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fractures" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fractures%2C+Bone%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Fractures%2C+Cartilage%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recovering from Fractures" url="https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/patients/treatment/exercisesafe-movement/recovering-from-falls/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Fractures" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Expect When Your Cast Comes Off" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cast-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cast-care.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-ray - skeleton" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fragile X syndrome is caused by a change in a gene and is passed from parent to child. Learn about symptoms and effects of this genetic disorder. " title="Fragile X Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html" id="3690" language="English" date-created="01/06/2004">
<also-called>FRAXA</also-called>
<also-called>FXS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;developmental disability&lt;/a&gt;. A problem with a specific gene causes the disease. Normally, the gene makes a protein you need for brain development.  But the problem causes a person to make little or none of the protein. This causes the symptoms of Fragile X. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with only a small change in the gene might not show any signs of Fragile X. People with bigger changes can have severe symptoms. These might include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intelligence problems, ranging from learning disabilities to severe intellectual disabilities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social and emotional problems, such as aggression in boys or shyness in girls&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speech and language problems, especially in boys&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A genetic blood test can diagnose Fragile X. There is no cure. You can treat some symptoms with educational, behavioral, or physical therapy, and with medicines. Getting treatment early can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html" id="3691" language="Spanish">Síndrome X frágil</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005600">Fragile X Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="153">Autism Spectrum Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="209">Developmental Disabilities</related-topic>
<see-reference>FRAXA</see-reference>
<site title="About Fragile X Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fragile-x-syndrome/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/fxs/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Fragile X Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Fragile-X-Syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fxpoi/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fxpoi/informacion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fragile X Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fragile+X+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X 101" url="https://fragilex.org/understanding-fragile-x/fragile-x-101/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Fragile X Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001668.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X Syndrome" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X Syndrome and Autism" url="https://fragilex.org/understanding-fragile-x/fragile-x-syndrome/autism/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Fragile X Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X-Associated Disorders (FXD): A Handbook for Families, Health Care Providers, Counselors, and Educators" url="https://fragilex.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Handbook-FXD_3rd_Edition.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Fragile X Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI)" url="https://fragilex.org/understanding-fragile-x/fxpoi-primary-ovarian-insufficiency/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Fragile X Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X-Associated Tremor and Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fxtas" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fxtas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Fragile X Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Individuals with the Fragile X Premutation" url="https://fragilex.org/understanding-fragile-x/fragile-x-101/premutation-carriers/">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Fragile X Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Other Fragile X Syndrome FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/more_information/faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fragile+X+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/commonsymptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si suena demasiado bueno para ser verdad, probablemente sea fraude. Los fraudes en el cuidado de la salud pueden encontrarse en todas partes. Infórmese." title="Fraude en los servicios de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfraud.html" id="1935" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las estafas y el fraude a la salud implican la venta de medicamentos, 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplementos&lt;/a&gt;, dispositivos, alimentos o cosméticos cuya eficacia no ha sido probada. En el mejor de los casos, estas estafas no funcionan. En el peor de los casos, son peligrosos. También desperdician dinero y pueden impedir que reciba el tratamiento que realmente necesita.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los posibles peligros de los productos fraudulentos son 
que podrían:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar contaminados por haber sido elaborados en instalaciones 
sucias o sin un control de calidad adecuado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contener ingredientes nocivos que no figuran en la etiqueta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desencadenar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;interacción dañina con los medicamentos &lt;/a&gt; que está tomando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Provocar lesiones graves y potencialmente mortales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las estafas y el fraude de salud se pueden encontrar en todas partes 
y prometen ayuda para muchos problemas de salud comunes, incluyendo 
pérdida de peso, pérdida de memoria, rendimiento sexual y dolor en las 
articulaciones. Se dirigen a personas con enfermedades graves como 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Solo recuerde, si suena demasiado bueno para ser verdad, probablemente sea una estafa. Algunas señales de alerta para tener en cuenta son afirmaciones de productos que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ofrecen testimonios personales de personas "reales" o "médicos" 
interpretados por actores que aseguran resultados asombrosos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dicen que el producto puede tratar o curar una amplia gama de 
enfermedades no relacionadas. Ningún producto puede tratar o curar 
muchas enfermedades diferentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mencionan teorías de conspiración como "Esta es la cura que 
nuestro gobierno y las farmacéuticas no quieren que sepa"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Incluyen frases como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Remedio antiguo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cura milagrosa&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Garantía de devolución de dinero sin riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cura natural&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Recuperación rápida&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ingrediente secreto&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Descubrimiento científico&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Utilizan términos que suenan científicos pero que no 
tienen sentido para los productos, como "multiplicidad de moléculas"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacen referencia a premios prestigiosos, por ejemplo, 
"Tecnología ganadora del Premio Nobel"&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antes de tomar un producto no probado o poco conocido, hable con 
su profesional de la salud, especialmente si está tomando algún 
medicamento recetado. &lt;/p&gt;







&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfraud.html" id="724" language="English">Health Fraud</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="6 consejos contra las estafas: No se deje engañar por los fraudes a la salud" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/6-consejos-contra-las-estafas-no-se-deje-enganar-por-los-fraudes-de-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/6-tip-offs-rip-offs-dont-fall-health-fraud-scams">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comisión Federal de Comercio" url="https://www.ftc.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ftc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprar medicamentos de forma segura en una farmacia virtual" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-comprar-medicamentos-de-forma-segura-en-una-farmacia-virtual" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-buy-medicines-safely-online-pharmacy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo protegerse de fraudes relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detecte las estafas de seguro de salud" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/detecte-las-estafas-de-seguro-de-salud">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estafas más comunes relacionadas con la salud" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/estafas-mas-comunes-relacionadas-con-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/common-health-scams">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fraude en la salud" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/health-fraud-scams/el-fraude-en-la-salud">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="No lo use: El bálsamo negro es peligroso y se conoce por muchos nombres" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/no-lo-use-el-balsamo-negro-es-peligroso-y-se-conoce-por-muchos-nombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/do-not-use-black-salve-dangerous-and-called-many-names">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presente un reporte para ayudar a combatir el fraude" url="https://reportefraude.ftc.gov/#/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos para bajar de peso, mejorar el desempeño masculino y otros más que se venden en línea o tiendas pueden ser peligrosos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-para-bajar-de-peso-mejorar-el-desempeno-masculino-y-otros-mas-que-se-venden-en-linea-o" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/weight-loss-male-enhancement-and-other-products-sold-online-or-stores-may-be-dangerous">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos que afirman &quot;curar&quot; el cáncer son un engaño cruel" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-que-afirman-curar-el-cancer-son-un-engano-cruel" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-claiming-cure-cancer-are-cruel-deception">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteja a su familia de los productos fraudulentos para la gripe" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/proteja-su-familia-de-los-productos-fraudulentos-para-la-gripe" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/protect-your-family-fraudulent-flu-products">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Robo de identidad médica" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/lo-que-hay-que-saber-sobre-el-robo-de-identidad-medica">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenga cuidado con los tratamientos que se venden ilegalmente para la diabetes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-los-tratamientos-que-se-comercializan-ilegalmente-para-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-illegally-marketed-diabetes-treatments-fraudulent-pharmacies">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Estafas a la salud!: No corra el riesgo" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/76397/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/FreePublications/ucm137080.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Friedreich ataxia (FA) is an inherited disease that damages your nervous system. Symptoms usually begin between ages 5 and 15. Learn the symptoms." title="Friedreich Ataxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/friedreichataxia.html" id="4359" language="English" date-created="04/18/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Friedreich ataxia is an inherited disease that damages your nervous system. The damage affects your spinal cord and the nerves that control muscle movement in your arms and legs.  Symptoms usually begin between the ages of 5 and 15. The main symptom is ataxia, which means trouble coordinating movements. Specific symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty walking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Speech problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Involuntary eye movements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Scoliosis (curving of the spine to one side)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Heart palpitations, from the heart disease which can happen along with Friedreich ataxia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with Friedreich ataxia usually need a wheelchair 15 to 20 years after symptoms first appear. In severe cases, people become incapacitated. There is no cure. You can treat symptoms with medicines, braces, surgery, and physical therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/friedreichataxia.html" id="4360" language="Spanish">Ataxia de Friedreich</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005621">Friedreich Ataxia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/friedreichataxia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ataxia</see-reference>
<site title="Ataxias and Cerebellar or Spinocerebellar Degeneration" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/ataxia-and-cerebellar-or-spinocerebellar-degeneration" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-y-la-degeneracion-cerebelosa-o-espinocerebelosa">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Friedreich Ataxia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Friedreich+Ataxia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Friedreich Ataxia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/friedreich-ataxia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Friedreich ataxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001411.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Friedreich ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/friedreich-ataxia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Friedreich's Ataxia (FA)" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/friedreichs-ataxia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Friedreich's Ataxia (FA): Diagnosis" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/friedreichs-ataxia/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional MRI (fMRI)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Friedreich Ataxia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Friedreich+Ataxia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know that frostbite can cause permanent damage? Learn how to identify frostbite symptoms and what to do if you think you have frostbite. " title="Frostbite" url="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html" id="5829" language="English" date-created="07/27/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Frostbite is an injury to the body that is caused by freezing. It most often affects the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers, or toes. Frostbite can permanently damage the body, and severe cases can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html"&gt;amputation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have frostbite, the skin in that area may turn white or grayish-yellow. It may feel firm or waxy when you touch it. The area will also feel numb.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have symptoms of frostbite, seek medical care. But if immediate medical care isn't available, here are steps to take:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get into a warm room as soon as possible.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If possible, do not walk on frostbitten feet or toes. Walking increases the damage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Put the affected area in warm - not hot - water.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You can also warm the affected area using body heat. For example, use your armpit to warm frostbitten fingers. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't rub the frostbitten area with snow or massage it at all. This can cause more damage. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't use a heating pad, heat lamp, or the heat of a stove, fireplace, or radiator for warming. Since frostbite makes an area numb, you could burn it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html" id="5830" language="Spanish">Congelación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005627">Frostbite</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothermia.html" id="291">Hypothermia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4608">Winter Weather Emergencies</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chilblains</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cold (Temperature)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Frostnip</see-reference>
<site title="Avoid Frostbite and Hypothermia" url="https://www.nsc.org/community-safety/safety-topics/seasonal-safety/winter-safety/frostbite">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Safety Council</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chilblains" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chilblains/symptoms-causes/syc-20351097?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chilblains/symptoms-causes/syc-20351097?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Frostbite" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Frostbite%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold Stress Can Be Prevented" url="https://www.osha.gov/winter-weather/cold-stress">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frostbite" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frostbite/symptoms-causes/syc-20372656?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/frostbite/symptoms-causes/syc-20372656?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frostbite" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000057.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frostbite, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frostbite: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/ART-20056653?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/art-20056653?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to prevent frostbite and hypothermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothermia and Frostbite: Easier to Develop Than You Might Think" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothermia-and-frostbite-easier-to-develop-than-you-might-think" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotermia-y-congelacion">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Allergy" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/physical-allergy" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%C3%B3gicos/reacciones-al%C3%A9rgicas-y-otros-trastornos-de-hipersensibilidad/alergia-f%C3%ADsica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Frostbite" url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/preventing-frostbite.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Trench Foot or Immersion Foot" url="https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/preventing-trench-foot-or-immersion-foot.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frostbite" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Frostbite%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Working in the Cold" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/cold-stress/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fumar daña casi todos los órganos del cuerpo. El humo también perjudica a otras personas. Dejar de fumar reduciría el riesgo de problemas de salud. " title="Fumar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html" id="2156" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos de fumar en la salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay otra manera de decirlo: Fumar es dañino para la salud. Daña a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo, incluso algunos que no se esperaría. Fumar cigarrillos causa muchos casos de cáncer y otros problemas de salud. También es la causa de casi una de cada cinco muertes en los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los muchos problemas de salud que puede causar fumar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cáncer&lt;/strong&gt;: Fumar es la causa más común de cáncer de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html"&gt;pulmón&lt;/a&gt; y de boca. Pero también puede causar cáncer en muchas otras partes del cuerpo, como en la laringe, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html"&gt;garganta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html"&gt;vejiga&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html"&gt;riñón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html"&gt;estómago&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html"&gt;páncreas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon y recto&lt;/a&gt;; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;. También puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html"&gt;leucemia mieloide aguda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades pulmonares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Fumar es la causa más común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt;. También puede empeorar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; y aumentar el riesgo de tener neumonía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedades cardiovasculares&lt;/strong&gt;: Fumar puede dañar los vasos sanguíneos y hacerlos más gruesos y estrechos. Esto hace que su corazón lata más rápido y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;sube su presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;. Fumar también aumenta el riesgo de sufrir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidentes cerebrovasculares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Problemas de la visión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Fumar puede aumentar su riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;cataratas&lt;/a&gt; y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;degeneración macular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;fuman durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; tienen más probabilidades de tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;ciertos problemas&lt;/a&gt;. Sus bebés también tienen un mayor riesgo de morir por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Fumar además causa adicción a la nicotina, un estimulante que se encuentra en el tabaco. La adicción a la nicotina hace más difícil que las personas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejen de fumar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos para la salud de la inhalación pasiva de humo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su humo también es malo para otras personas. Si respiran el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt; pueden tener muchos de los mismos problemas que los fumadores. Estos problemas pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt; y cáncer de pulmón. Los niños expuestos al humo de segunda mano tienen un mayor riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de oído&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriados&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;, bronquitis y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; más grave. Las personas embarazadas que respiran humo de segunda mano tienen más probabilidades de tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt; y bebés con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;bajo peso al nacer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Son peligrosas las otras formas de tabaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Además de los cigarrillos, hay varios otros productos hechos con tabaco. Algunas personas fuman tabaco en cigarros y pipas de agua (narguiles). Estas formas de tabaco también tienen sustancias químicas dañinas y nicotina. Algunos cigarros contienen tanto tabaco como un paquete completo de cigarrillos.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Con frecuencia, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html"&gt;cigarrillos electrónicos&lt;/a&gt; parecen cigarrillos, pero funcionan de manera diferente. Son dispositivos para fumar con baterías. Usar un cigarrillo-e se llama vapear. Los investigadores aún tienen mucho que aprender sobre los efectos del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en la salud. Se sabe que contienen nicotina, que es altamente adictiva y un peligro para la salud de las personas embarazadas, sus bebés en desarrollo, niños y adolescentes. Además, los cigarrillos electrónicos también exponen a los no fumadores al vapor de segunda mano (en lugar de humo de segunda mano), que contienen sustancias químicas nocivas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;tabaco que no se fuma&lt;/a&gt;, como que se mastica o el rapé, también es malo para la salud. El tabaco sin humo puede causar ciertos tipos de cáncer, incluido el oral. También aumenta el riesgo de contraer enfermedades cardíacas, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html"&gt;enfermedades de las encías&lt;/a&gt; y lesiones de la boca.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué debo dejar de fumar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debe saber que no hay un nivel seguro de consumo de tabaco. Fumar incluso un solo cigarrillo al día durante la vida puede causar algún cáncer relacionado con el fumar y muerte prematura. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejen de fumar&lt;/a&gt; puede reducir su riesgo de problemas de salud y sumar años a su vida. Cuanto antes deje de fumar, mayor será el beneficio. Algunos beneficios inmediatos de dejar de fumar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menor ritmo cardíaco y presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menos monóxido de carbono en la sangre (el monóxido de carbono reduce la capacidad de la sangre para transportar oxígeno)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mejor circulación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menos tos y sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dejar de fumar puede ser un desafío, pero es muy importante para su salud. Consulte con su profesional de la salud si necesita ayuda para dejar de fumar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108" language="English">Smoking</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html" id="2158">Dejar de fumar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html" id="2157">Fumar y los jóvenes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html" id="2140">Inhalación pasiva de humo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html" id="2155">Tabaco que no se fuma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nicotina</see-reference>
<site title="Adicción al tabaco" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/adiccion-al-tabaco/introduccion" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/introduction">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adicción al tabaco" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/https-familydoctor-org-condition-tobacco-addiction-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/tobacco-addiction/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cigarrillo electrónico: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cigarrillos &quot;light&quot; y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-cigarillos-light" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/light-cigarettes-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cigarrillos y las enfermedades oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/fumar" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/smokers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo el fumar afecta el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/fumar-y-su-corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart/smoking">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar el tabaco" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deje de fumar a tiempo para aumentar la probabilidad de sobrevivir al cáncer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/deje-de-fumar-a-tiempo-para-aumentar-la-probabilidad-de" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/stop-smoking-early-improve-cancer-survival">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dependencia de la nicotina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nicotine-dependence/symptoms-causes/syc-20351584?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nicotine-dependence/symptoms-causes/syc-20351584?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar cigarros puros y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-cigarros-puros" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cigars-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fumar y el asma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nicotina y el tabaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000953.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000953.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perjuicios por fumar cigarrillos y beneficios para la salud al dejar el hábito" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-dejar-de-fumar" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cessation-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Productos de tabaco mentolados" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/es/menthol-tobacco/productos-de-tabaco-mentolados.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/menthol-tobacco/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos del tabaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002032.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y el asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y la EPOC" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuanto más joven se empieza a fumar, más problemas de salud puede causar. Conozca los riesgos de fumar cigarrillos para las personas menores de 21 años." title="Fumar y los jóvenes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html" id="2157" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cigarillos y la gente joven</also-called>
<also-called>Fumar y la juventud</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Fumar cigarrillos tiene muchos riesgos de salud para todos. Sin embargo, cuanto más joven sea al empezar a fumar, más problemas puede causarle. Las personas que empiezan a fumar antes de los 21 años tienen más dificultades para dejar de fumar. Los adolescentes que fuman tienen más posibilidades de consumir alcohol y drogas ilegales.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El problema no es sólo los cigarrillos. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;tabaco que no se fuma&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html"&gt;cigarrillos electrónicos&lt;/a&gt; y los habanos no son alternativas seguras a los cigarrillos. Los de bajo contenido de alquitrán y productos de tabaco sin aditivos no son seguros tampoco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los jóvenes que no han empezado a usar tabaco a los 18 años es probable que nunca lo hagan.
&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html" id="1536" language="English">Smoking and Youth</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html" id="6291">Cigarrillo electrónico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html" id="2158">Dejar de fumar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html" id="2156">Fumar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html" id="2155">Tabaco que no se fuma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescentes, Fumar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chicos, Fumar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Fumar</see-reference>
<site title="Cigarrillo electrónico: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con su hijo sobre el cigarrillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000873.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smoking.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar y el asma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información acerca del tabaquismo: Guía para adolescentes" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/informacion-acerca-del-tabaquismo/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/cigarette-smoking/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Narguile: Lo viejo es nuevo... y poco seguro" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/tobacco/paginas/hookah.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/tobacco/Pages/Hookah.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el tabaco" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos de tabaco mentolados" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/es/menthol-tobacco/productos-de-tabaco-mentolados.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/menthol-tobacco/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta del cuerpo a la nicotina, el tabaco y el vapeo" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/nicotina-tabaco-vapeo" language-mapped-url="https://teens.drugabuse.gov/educators/nida-teaching-guides/mind-over-matter-teaching-guide-and-series/tobacco-addiction">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Fumar es horrible! (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/smoking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo dejar de fumar?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/quit-smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/quit-smoking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Fungal infections, or mycoses, are caused by fungi. Many are mild and easy to treat, but others are very serious. Read about the types and treatments." title="Fungal Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258" language="English" date-created="08/20/1999">
<also-called>Mycoses</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have ever had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html"&gt;athlete's foot&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;yeast infection&lt;/a&gt;, you can blame a fungus. A fungus is a primitive organism. Mushrooms, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html"&gt;mold&lt;/a&gt; and mildew are examples. Fungi live in air, in soil, on plants and in water. Some live in the human body. Only about half of all types of fungi are harmful.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some fungi reproduce through tiny spores in the air. You can inhale the spores or they can land on you. As a result, fungal infections often start in the lungs or on the skin. You are more likely to get a fungal infection if you have a weakened immune system or take antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fungi can be difficult to kill. For skin and nail infections, you can apply medicine directly to the infected area. Oral antifungal medicines are also available for serious infections.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914" language="Spanish">Infecciones por hongos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009181">Mycoses</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aspergillosis.html" id="5628">Aspergillosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html" id="151">Athlete's Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html" id="5632">Histoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538">Molds</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="1510">Pneumocystis Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tineainfections.html" id="1228">Tinea Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/valleyfever.html" id="5634">Valley Fever</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html" id="1255">Yeast Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cryptococcosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infections, Fungal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mycoses</see-reference>
<site title="About Cryptococcosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cryptococcosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Fungal Meningitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/fungal-meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/fungal-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blastomycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000102.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blastomycosis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blastomycosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Histoplasmosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Histoplasmosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mycoses" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mycoses%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryptococcosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001328.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000444.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Diseases" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/pages/Fungal-Diseases.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/fungal-diseases.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-fungal-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-fungica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal nail infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001330.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Sinusitis" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/fungal-sinusitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungus Among Us" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/05/fungus-among-us" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-hongos-que-viven-entre-nosotros">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fungus Infections: Preventing Recurrence" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/FungusInfectionsP?">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guidance for Investigating Fungal Disease Outbreaks" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/php/guidance-investigating-outbreaks/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypersensitivity pneumonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymph node culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003737.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucormycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000649.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucormycosis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mucormycosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail Fungal Infections" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nail-fungal-infections/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-micoticas-en-las-unas-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail Fungus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Onychomycosis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/onychomycosis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mycoses%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rash Evaluation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rash-evaluation/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-sarpullido/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Fungal Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin lesion of blastomycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000865.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Rashes and Other Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sporotrichosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001338.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sporotrichosis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sporotrichosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sputum Culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sputum fungal smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003736.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinea Versicolor" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/tinea-versicolor-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinea versicolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001465.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinea Versicolor" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/tinea-versicolor?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una fístula es una conexión anormal entre dos partes internas del cuerpo. Infórmese sobre los tipos que existen y sus tratamientos." title="Fístulas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html" id="3055" language="Spanish" date-created="05/27/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; Una fístula es una conexión anormal entre dos partes internas del cuerpo. Pueden desarrollarse entre distintos órganos, como entre el esófago y la tráquea o entre el intestino y la vagina. También pueden formarse entre dos vasos sanguíneos, como una arteria y una vena o entre dos arterias. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas nacen con una fístula. Otras causas comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Complicaciones después de una cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades como la de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerativa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; El tratamiento depende de la causa, dónde está ubicada y cuán grave es. Algunas fístulas cierran por sí solas. Otras necesitan antibióticos y/o cirugías. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html" id="3054" language="English">Fistulas</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Absceso anal y la fístula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000961.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia esofágica y fístula traqueoesofágica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/atresia-esofagica-y-fistula-traqueoesofagica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/esophageal-atresia-and-tracheoesophageal-fistula/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización de aneurismas y fístulas cerebrales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dc-embol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dc-embol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por TAC (tomografía axial computada)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fistula enterovesical" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12537/fistula-enterovesical/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fistulograma/sinograma" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fistulogram-sinogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fistulogram-sinogram">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002365.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula arteriovenosa" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula arteriovenosa pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001090.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001090.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula gastrointestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001129.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula rectovaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectovaginal-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20377108?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectovaginal-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20377108?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginal-fistulas/symptoms-causes/syc-20355762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-fistulas/symptoms-causes/syc-20355762?p=1">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas anatómicos de la parte inferior del aparato digestivo" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/problemas-anatomicos-parte-inferior-del-aparato-digestivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de fístula traqueoesofágica y atresia esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una fístula traqueosofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100103_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100103_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos vasculares endocraneales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/IntracranialVasc" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/IntracranialVasc">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa (o G-6-PD) es una enfermedad hereditaria que se da generalmente en hombres. Síntomas y tratamientos. " title="G6PD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/g6pddeficiency.html" id="6156" language="Spanish" date-created="08/12/2013">
<also-called>Deficiencia de G6PD</also-called>
<also-called>Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa</also-called>
<also-called>G-6-PD</also-called>
<also-called>G6FD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa (también llamada deficiencia de G-6-PD) es una enfermedad hereditaria que se da generalmente en los varones. Aproximadamente uno de cada 10 afroamericanos en los EE. UU. la padece. La deficiencia de G-6-PD afecta principalmente los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html"&gt;glóbulos rojos&lt;/a&gt;, que son los que llevan el oxígeno desde los pulmones a los tejidos del cuerpo. El problema médico que puede causar es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia hemolítica&lt;/a&gt;. Esto sucede cuando los glóbulos rojos son destruidos antes que el cuerpo pueda reponerlos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted sufre esta deficiencia, es posible que no tenga ningún síntoma. Estos comienzan cuando sus glóbulos rojos se combinan con ciertos químicos presentes en algunos alimentos o medicamentos o por ciertas infecciones bacterianas o virales o también por estrés. Estos síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palidez&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;Ictericia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orina de color oscuro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Agrandamiento del bazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Corazón que late rápidamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un examen de sangre puede diagnosticar la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos para controlar la infección, la suspensión de cualquier sustancia que cause problemas con los glóbulos rojos y, a veces, transfusiones de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/g6pddeficiency.html" id="6155" language="English">G6PD Deficiency</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Deficiencia de G6PD</see-reference>
<see-reference>Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa</see-reference>
<see-reference>G6PD, Deficiencia</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato deshidrogenasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000528.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000528.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003671.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de G6PD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-g6pd/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/g6pd-test">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder that is most common in males. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment." title="G6PD Deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/g6pddeficiency.html" id="6155" language="English" date-created="08/06/2013">
<also-called>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder that is most common in males. About 1 in 10 African American males in the United States has it. G6PD deficiency mainly affects &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html"&gt;red blood cells&lt;/a&gt;, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.  The most common medical problem it can cause is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;hemolytic anemia&lt;/a&gt;. That happens when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have G6PD deficiency, you may not have symptoms. Symptoms happen if your red blood cells are exposed to certain chemicals in food or medicine, certain bacterial or viral infections, or stress. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paleness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;Jaundice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enlarged spleen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid heart rate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blood test can tell if you have it. Treatments include medicines to treat infection, avoiding substances that cause the problem with red blood cells, and sometimes transfusions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Library of Medicine&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/g6pddeficiency.html" id="6156" language="Spanish">G6PD</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005955">Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/g6pddeficiency.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency</see-reference>
<site title="Blood Count Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Class I Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6520/class-i-glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficiency/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Glucosephosphate+Dehydrogenase+Deficiency%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="G6PD Deficiency (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/g6pd.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="G6PD Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/g6pd-test" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-g6pd/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003671.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000528.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000528.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="G6PD Deficiency" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glucosephosphate+Dehydrogenase+Deficiency%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gallbladder cancer is difficult to diagnose because there are no symptoms in its early stages. Read about tests, treatment options and prognosis." title="Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4645" language="English" date-created="07/14/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Cancer of the gallbladder is rare. It is more common in women and Native Americans. Symptoms include
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain above the stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lumps in the abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
It is hard to diagnose gallbladder cancer in its early stages.  Sometimes doctors find it when they remove the gallbladder for another reason. But people with gallstones rarely have gallbladder cancer. Because it is often found late, it can be hard to treat gallbladder cancer. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4646" language="Spanish">Cáncer de la vesícula biliar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005706">Gallbladder Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html" id="5905">Bile Duct Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="259">Gallbladder Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Gallbladder Cancer Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gallbladder Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gallbladder+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder Polyps: Can They Be Cancerous?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Gallbladder Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palliative Therapy for Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/tratamiento/terapia-paliativa.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gallbladder+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_72">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/treating/surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/tratamiento/cirugia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/diagnosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/diagnostico.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Localized and Locally Advanced Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_250" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_263">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Unresectable, Metastatic, or Recurrent Gallbladder Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_254" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_267">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Gallbladder Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gallbladder/patient/gallbladder-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vesicula-biliar/paciente/tratamiento-vesicula-biliar-pdq#_105">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Gallbladder Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gallbladder-cancer/about/what-is-gallbladder-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vesicula-biliar/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-vesicula-biliar.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gallbladder diseases begin when something blocks the flow of bile through the bile ducts. Uncover more facts about Gallbladder and its associated conditions." title="Gallbladder Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="259" language="English" date-created="01/22/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;bile ducts&lt;/a&gt;. That is usually a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html"&gt;gallstone&lt;/a&gt;. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Rarely, you can also get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt; in your gallbladder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many gallbladder problems get better with removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, you can live without a gallbladder. Bile has other ways of reaching your small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="1915" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005705">Gallbladder Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gallbladderdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html" id="3787">Bile Duct Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html" id="4645">Gallbladder Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html" id="4643">Gallstones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Biliary Tract Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cholecystectomy</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute cholecystitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000264.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary Tract Disorders, Gallbladder Disorders, and Gallstone Pancreatitis" url="https://gi.org/topics/biliary-tract-disorders-gallbladder-disorders-and-gallstone-pancreatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/trastornos-del-tracto-biliar-trastornos-de-la-vesicula-biliar-y-pancreatitis-por-calculos-biliares/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003595.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholecystitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic cholecystitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000217.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cholecystectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cholecystectomy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gallbladder Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gallbladder+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet after Gallbladder Removal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal-diet/FAQ-20057813?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal-diet/faq-20057813?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder and Biliary Tract" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/biology-of-the-liver-and-gallbladder/gallbladder-and-biliary-tract" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/biolog%C3%ADa-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-v%C3%ADas-biliares">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder Polyps: Can They Be Cancerous?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gallbladder-cancer/expert-answers/gallbladder-polyps/faq-20058450?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder radionuclide scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder removal - laparoscopic - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder removal - open - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder removal - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100021_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100021_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder Removal: Laparoscopic Method" url="https://familydoctor.org/gallbladder-removal-laparoscopic-method/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/remocion-de-la-vesicula-biliar-metodo-laparoscopico/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatobiliary Nuclear Medicine" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hepatobiliary" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hepatobiliary">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic gallbladder removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007371.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Open gallbladder removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002930.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders/overview-of-gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/trastornos-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-biliares/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-biliares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Gallbladder Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gallbladder+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/sphincter-of-oddi-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-ercp" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-cpre">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) form when substances in bile harden. Stones that block bile ducts can cause gallbladder attacks. Find out who is at risk." title="Gallstones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html" id="4643" language="English" date-created="07/14/2008">
<also-called>Cholelithiasis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;bile ducts&lt;/a&gt;. That is usually a  gallstone. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Gallstone attacks usually happen after you eat. Signs of a gallstone attack may include nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gallstones are most common among older adults, women, overweight people, Native Americans and Mexican Americans.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Gallstones are often found during imaging tests for other health conditions. If you do not have symptoms, you usually do not need treatment. The most common treatment is removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, you can live without a gallbladder.  Bile has other ways to reach your small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html" id="4644" language="Spanish">Cálculos biliares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002769">Cholelithiasis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html" id="259">Gallbladder Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Choledocholithiasis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cholelithiasis</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal exploration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary Tract Disorders, Gallbladder Disorders, and Gallstone Pancreatitis" url="https://gi.org/topics/biliary-tract-disorders-gallbladder-disorders-and-gallstone-pancreatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/trastornos-del-tracto-biliar-trastornos-de-la-vesicula-biliar-y-pancreatitis-por-calculos-biliares/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholecystitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choledocholithiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000274.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Diarrhea: A Concern after Gallbladder Removal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/FAQ-20058481?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cholecystectomy/expert-answers/gallbladder-removal/faq-20058481?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Choledocholithiasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Choledocholithiasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cholelithiasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cholelithiasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieting and Gallstones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares/dieta">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100180_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100180_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ERCP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder Cleanse: A &quot;Natural&quot; Remedy for Gallstones?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallstones/expert-answers/gallbladder-cleanse/FAQ-20058134?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gallstones/expert-answers/gallbladder-cleanse/faq-20058134?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder removal - laparoscopic - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000117.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder removal - open - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000118.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder removal - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100021_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100021_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallstones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000273.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallstones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallstones/symptoms-causes/syc-20354214?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallstones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gallstones - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000196.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallstones in Women" url="https://gi.org/topics/gallstones-in-women/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIDA Scan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hida-scan/about/pac-20384701?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic gallbladder removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007371.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Open gallbladder removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002930.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallstones" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cholelithiasis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gangrena es la muerte de los tejidos del cuerpo. Existen varios tipos, entre ellos la gangrena gaseosa, necrosis y más. Infórmese." title="Gangrena" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gangrene.html" id="5581" language="Spanish" date-created="08/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La gangrena es la muerte de los tejidos en su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando el suministro de sangre no llega a una parte de su cuerpo. La gangrena puede ocurrir en la superficie del cuerpo, como la piel o al interior del cuerpo, como en los músculos o los órganos. Las causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con la circulación de la sangre, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;aterosclerosis&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad arterial periférica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas en la piel pueden incluir manchas de un color azul o negro, dolor, entumecimiento y úlceras que producen una secreción con mal olor. Si la gangrena es interna, es posible que tenga fiebre, malestar y la zona pueda estar hinchada y ser dolorosa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La gangrena es un problema serio. Necesita atención de urgencia. El tratamiento incluye cirugía, antibióticos y terapia de oxígeno. En los casos graves, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html"&gt;amputación&lt;/a&gt; puede ser necesaria.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gangrene.html" id="5580" language="English">Gangrene</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4084">Enfermedad arterial periférica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html" id="5359">Infecciones de la piel</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca de la fascitis necrosante" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-fascitis-necrosante.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/necrotizing-fasciitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibióticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arteriopatía periférica oclusiva" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica-oclusiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/peripheral-arterial-disease/occlusive-peripheral-arterial-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los problemas de los pies" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/pies-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/foot-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gangrena" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gangrene/symptoms-causes/syc-20352567?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gangrene/symptoms-causes/syc-20352567?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gangrena" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007218.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gangrena gaseosa" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/gas-gangrene.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Gas-Gangrene.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gangrena gaseosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000620.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones necrosantes de la piel" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel/infecciones-necrosantes-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/necrotizing-skin-infections">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección necrosante de tejidos blandos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock séptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000668.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gangrene is the death of tissues in your body, due to a lack of blood flow. It is a serious condition. Learn the symptoms, causes, and treatment." title="Gangrene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gangrene.html" id="5580" language="English" date-created="08/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Gangrene is the death of tissues in your body. It happens when a part of your body loses its blood supply.  Gangrene can happen on the surface of the body, such as on the skin, or inside the body, in muscles or organs.  Causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Serious injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with blood circulation, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;peripheral arterial disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skin symptoms may include a blue or black color, pain, numbness, and sores that produce a foul-smelling discharge. If the gangrene is internal, you may run a fever and feel unwell, and the area may be swollen and painful.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gangrene is a serious condition. It needs immediate attention. Treatment includes surgery, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy.  In severe cases an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html"&gt;amputation&lt;/a&gt; may be necessary.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gangrene.html" id="5581" language="Spanish">Gangrena</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005734">Gangrene</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gangrene.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Gas Gangrene</see-reference>
<site title="About Necrotizing Fasciitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/necrotizing-fasciitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-fascitis-necrosante.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gangrene" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gangrene%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Foot Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/foot-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/pies-piel">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gangrene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007218.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gangrene" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gangrene/symptoms-causes/syc-20352567?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gangrene/symptoms-causes/syc-20352567?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas gangrene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000620.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas Gangrene" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Gas-Gangrene.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/gas-gangrene.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002266.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing Skin Infections" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/necrotizing-skin-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel/infecciones-necrosantes-de-la-piel">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing soft tissue infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gangrene" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gangrene%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Septic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000668.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Passing gas can be embarrassing. But everyone does it. Find out the causes of gas and how to control burping and flatulence." title="Gas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html" id="4291" language="English" date-created="02/01/2006">
<also-called>Belch</also-called>
<also-called>Burp</also-called>
<also-called>Eructation</also-called>
<also-called>Flatulence</also-called>
<also-called>Flatus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Everyone has gas. Most people pass gas 13 to 21 times a day. Passing gas through the mouth is called belching or burping.  Passing gas through the anus is called flatulence. Most of the time gas does not have an odor. The odor comes from bacteria in the large intestine that release small amounts of gases that contain sulfur.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gas in the digestive tract comes from two sources: air that you swallow and the breakdown of undigested food by bacteria in the large intestine.  Certain foods may cause gas.  Foods that produce gas in one person may not cause gas in another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can reduce the amount of gas you have by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking lots of water and non-fizzy drinks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating more slowly so you swallow less air when you eat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding milk products if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;lactose intolerance&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medicines can help reduce gas or the pain and bloating caused by gas. If your symptoms still bother you, see your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html" id="4292" language="Spanish">Gas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004884">Eructation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005414">Flatulence</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html" id="3061">Abdominal Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html" id="29">Digestive Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html" id="420">Stomach Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Belching</see-reference>
<see-reference>Burping</see-reference>
<see-reference>Flatulence</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal bloating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003123.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Belching" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003080.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Belching, Bloating and Flatulence" url="https://gi.org/topics/belching-bloating-and-flatulence/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/eructos-distension-abdominal-y-flatulencia/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bland diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burping Your Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burping.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Flatulence" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Flatulence%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foods that May Cause Gas" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/symptoms-causes/intestinal-gas/foods-that-may-cause-gas/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas - flatulence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003124.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas in the Digestive Tract" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gas-digestive-tract" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gas-tubo-digestivo?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gas-tracto-digestivo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gas" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Flatulence%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Eructation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Gas" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/symptoms-causes/intestinal-gas/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's a Fart?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fart.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Burp?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/burp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/burp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Todas las personas tienen gases. La mayoría de las personas expulsa gases entre 13 y 21 veces al día. Cómo disminuir la cantidad y causas. " title="Gas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html" id="4292" language="Spanish" date-created="03/09/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todas las personas tienen gases. La mayoría de las personas expulsa gases entre 13 y 21 veces al día. Los gases eliminados por la boca se llaman eructos. La eliminación a través del recto se llama flatulencia. La mayoría de las veces el gas no tiene olor. El olor proviene de las bacterias en el intestino grueso que liberan pequeñas cantidades de gases que contienen sulfuro.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El gas en las vías intestinales tiene dos orígenes: El aire que se traga y la descomposición de la comida no digerida por las bacterias en el intestino grueso. Ciertos alimentos pueden causar gases. Las comidas que producen gases en una persona pueden no causarlos en otra.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para disminuir la cantidad de gases que se expulsa al día, usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar mucha agua y bebidas sin gas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer más despacio, así no traga tanto aire al comer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar productos lácteos si usted tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;intolerancia a la lactosa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos medicamentos pueden ayudar a reducir la cantidad de gas o de dolor e hinchazón que causa el gas. Si los síntomas todavía son molestos, consulte con su proveedor de cuidados de salud.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html" id="4291" language="English">Gas</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062">Dolor abdominal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html" id="2173">Enfermedades del estómago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html" id="1859">Enfermedades del sistema digestivo</related-topic>
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<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta blanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distensión abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003123.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eructar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003080.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eructos, distensión abdominal y flatulencia" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/eructos-distension-abdominal-y-flatulencia/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/belching-bloating-and-flatulence/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eructos, gases intestinales y distensión abdominal: Consejos para reducirlos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/in-depth/gas-and-gas-pains/art-20044739?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas en el tubo digestivo" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gas-tubo-digestivo?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gas-tracto-digestivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gas-digestive-tract">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gases o flatulencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003124.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gases y dolores por gases" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/symptoms-causes/syc-20372709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/symptoms-causes/syc-20372709?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gases y dolores por gases: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372714?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer eructar a su bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burping.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué eructo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/burp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/burp.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="¿Qué es un pedo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fart.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Stomach flu (gastroenteritis) is an inflammation of the intestines that causes diarrhea, pain, vomiting or fever. Learn what you can do to prevent it." title="Gastroenteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056" language="English" date-created="01/07/2003">
<also-called>Stomach flu</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. The main symptoms include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. It is usually not serious in healthy people, but it can sometimes lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt; or cause severe symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There can be many different causes of gastroenteritis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;Viruses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacteria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;Parasites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemicals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reactions to certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt; and food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Viral gastroenteritis is the most common type. It can be caused by many different viruses, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html"&gt;noroviruses&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html"&gt;rotaviruses&lt;/a&gt;. Some people call viral gastroenteritis the "stomach flu." But this name is not medically correct. It is not caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; viruses. The flu is a respiratory infection that affects your nose, throat and lungs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When gastroenteritis is caused by consuming foods or drinks contaminated with viruses, bacteria, parasites, or chemicals, this is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;food poisoning&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The viruses, bacteria, and parasites that cause gastroenteritis can also spread from person to person. You could be infected when you touch something that has the germs on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of gastroenteritis include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Pain&lt;/a&gt; or cramping in your abdomen (belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sometimes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gastroenteritis is usually not serious. But it can sometimes cause lead to dehydration or cause severe symptoms. Certain people are at higher risk for these problems. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnant women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older adults&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with weakened immune systems or other serious health conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infants&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Babies who were &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;born prematurely&lt;/a&gt; or have other health conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you or a family member are at higher risk and have symptoms of gastroenteritis, contact a health care provider right away.
Even if you are not at high risk, it is possible to become dehydrated or have more serious symptoms. There are some warning signs to watch for. It's important to contact a provider right away if you or your child have any of them:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;adults,&lt;/strong&gt; they include:
  &lt;ul&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Change in mental state, such as irritability or lack of energy&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;High fever&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Vomiting often&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Six or more loose stools in a day&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Severe pain in the abdomen (belly) or rectum&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Stools that are black and tarry or contain blood or pus&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Symptoms of dehydration, such as thirst, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;, headache, dark-colored urine, and urinating less than normal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;infants and children,&lt;/strong&gt; they include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Change in the child's mental state, such as irritability or lack of energy&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diarrhea lasting more than a day&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Any fever in infants&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;High fever in older children&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frequent loose stools&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vomiting often&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Severe pain in the abdomen (belly) or rectum&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Signs or symptoms of dehydration, such as thirst, dry mouth, urinating less than usual or no wet diapers for 3 hours or more, and no tears when crying&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Stools that are black and tarry or contain blood or pus&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is gastroenteritis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have gastroenteritis, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do tests of your stool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usually, people with gastroenteritis get better on their own, with rest and plenty of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;fluids and electrolytes&lt;/a&gt;. Your provider may suggest that you take a probiotic. Studies suggest that some probiotics may help shorten a case of diarrhea.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;People with more severe symptoms may need medicines to control nausea or vomiting. Providers may also give other medicines for certain types of gastroenteritis, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; for some bacterial types and antiparasitic medicines for some parasitic types.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can gastroenteritis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gastroenteritis cannot always be prevented. But &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;proper hand washing&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;cleaning surfaces&lt;/a&gt; that may be infected with germs, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;safe food preparation&lt;/a&gt; may help prevent some of the infections that can cause gastroenteritis. There are vaccines for infants to protect against rotavirus infections.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057" language="Spanish">Gastroenteritis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005759">Gastroenteritis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211">Diarrhea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="489">Nausea and Vomiting</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html" id="6103">Norovirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3215">Rotavirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5446">Small Intestine Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Stomach Flu</see-reference>
<site title="About Adenovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Food Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/foodborne-germs-es.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenovirus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial gastroenteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000254.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000254.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bland diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastroenteritis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastroenteritis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Norovirus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Norovirus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CMV - gastroenteritis/colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000667.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="D-xylose absorption" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dehydration (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrhea (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diarrhea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diarrhea.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001149.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gastroenteritis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/ART-20056595?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/art-20056595?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Infections and Diarrhea" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/diarrhea.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Washing: Do's and Dont's" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus - hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis in children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gastroenteritis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rectal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003759.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small intestine aspirate and culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003731.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003731.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Flu: How Long Am I Contagious?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/FAQ-20057899?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/faq-20057899?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003757.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Diarrhea in Kids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000121_48.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000121_103.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral Gastroenteritis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/viral-gastroenteritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroenteritis-viral">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000252.htm">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gastroenteritis es una inflamación de la membrana interna del intestino causada por un virus, una bacteria o parásitos. Síntomas y tratamientos. " title="Gastroenteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Virus estomacal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La gastroenteritis es una inflamación del revestimiento del estómago y los intestinos. Sus principales síntomas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vómitos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;. Por lo general, no es grave en personas sanas, pero en ocasiones puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt; o síntomas más serios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede haber muchas causas diferentes de gastroenteritis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;Virus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacterias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;Parásitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Productos químicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reacciones a ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt; y alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La gastroenteritis viral es el tipo más común. Puede ser causada por muchos virus diferentes, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html"&gt;norovirus&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html"&gt;rotavirus&lt;/a&gt;. Algunas personas se refieren a la gastroenteritis viral como "gripe estomacal". Sin embargo, este nombre no es médicamente correcto, ya que no es causada por el virus de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. La gripe es una infección respiratoria que afecta la nariz, la garganta y los pulmones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando la gastroenteritis es causada por consumir alimentos o bebidas contaminados con virus, bacterias, parásitos o químicos, se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;intoxicación alimentaria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los virus, bacterias y parásitos que causan la gastroenteritis también pueden transmitirse de persona a persona. Podría infectarse cuando toca algo con los gérmenes y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la gastroenteritis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor&lt;/a&gt; o calambres en el abdomen (vientre)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Náuseas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En ocasiones, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La gastroenteritis no suele ser grave. Pero a veces puede causar deshidratación o síntomas graves. Algunas personas tienen un mayor riesgo de tener estos problemas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados u otras afecciones graves de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bebés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;Bebés prematuros&lt;/a&gt; o con otros problemas de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted o un miembro de su familia tienen un mayor riesgo y presentan síntomas de gastroenteritis, hable con un profesional de la salud lo antes posible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Incluso si no tiene un alto riesgo, es posible que se deshidrate o tenga síntomas más graves. Hay algunas señales de advertencia a las que hay que prestar atención. Es importante ver a un profesional de la salud lo antes posible si usted o su hijo tienen alguno de ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Para &lt;strong&gt;adultos,&lt;/strong&gt; incluyen:
  &lt;ul&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Cambio en su estado mental, como irritabilidad o falta de energía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diarrea que dura más de 2 días&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fiebre alta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vómitos frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Seis o más deposiciones sueltas en un día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor intenso en el abdomen (vientre) o recto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Heces negras y alquitranadas o que contienen sangre o pus&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Síntomas de deshidratación, como sed, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;boca seca&lt;/a&gt;, dolor de cabeza, orina de color oscuro y orinar menos de lo normal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Para &lt;strong&gt;bebés y niños,&lt;/strong&gt; incluyen:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambio en el estado mental del niño, como irritabilidad o falta de energía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diarrea que dura más de un día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cualquier fiebre en los bebés&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fiebre alta en niños mayores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Heces sueltas frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vómitos frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor intenso en el abdomen (vientre) o recto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Signos o síntomas de deshidratación, como sed, boca seca, orinar menos de lo habitual o no mojar los pañales durante 3 horas o más, y no tener lágrimas al llorar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Heces negras y alquitranadas o que contienen sangre o pus&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene gastroenteritis, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solicitar un análisis de sus heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, las personas con gastroenteritis mejoran por sí solas, con reposo y abundantes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;líquidos y electrolitos&lt;/a&gt;. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir que tome un probiótico. Los estudios sugieren que algunos probióticos pueden ayudar a acortar un caso de diarrea.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con síntomas más graves pueden necesitar medicamentos para controlar las náuseas o los vómitos. Los profesionales de la salud también pueden recetar otros medicamentos para ciertos tipos de gastroenteritis, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; para algunos tipos de bacterias y medicamentos antiparasitarios para algunos tipos de parásitos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la gastroenteritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La gastroenteritis no siempre se puede prevenir. Pero &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; bien, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;limpiar las superficies&lt;/a&gt; que pueden estar infectadas con gérmenes y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;preparar alimentos de manera segura&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a prevenir algunas de las infecciones que pueden causar gastroenteritis. Existen vacunas para bebés que protegen contra las infecciones por rotavirus.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y del Riñón &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056" language="English">Gastroenteritis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858">Diarrea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5447">Enfermedades del intestino delgado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="2048">Náusea y vómitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3216">Rotavirus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<site title="Absorción de la D-xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspirado y cultivo del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003731.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003731.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coprocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003758.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando tenga náuseas y vómitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
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</site>
<site title="Cultivo rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003759.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo sobrevivir el virus del estómago (gastroenteritis): Datos y consejos para los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/surviving-the-stomach-bug-truths-tips-for-parents-.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diarrhea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diarrhea.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta blanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001149.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la diarrea infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000121_103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000121_48.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de lipasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/gastroenteritis/introducci%C3%B3n-%C3%A0-la-gastroenteritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/print/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis/overview-of-gastroenteritis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis / Colitis por CMV" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000667.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis viral (gripe estomacal)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000252.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis vírica (gripe estomacal)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="Gastroenteritis: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/art-20056595?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/ART-20056595?p=1">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Gripe estomacal: ¿Por cuánto tiempo puedo contagiarla?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/faq-20057899?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/FAQ-20057899?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<site title="Lavarse las manos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1">
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<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003757.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vomit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vomit.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gastrointestinal bleeding can be a a signal of a serious disease. Find out about GI tract symptoms, tests, and related conditions. " title="Gastrointestinal Bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1308" language="English" date-created="06/20/2000">
<also-called>GI bleeding</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your digestive or gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine or colon, rectum, and anus. Bleeding can come from any of these areas. The amount of bleeding can be so small that only a lab test can find it. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Signs of bleeding in the digestive tract depend where it is and how much bleeding there is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Signs of bleeding in the upper digestive tract include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bright red blood in vomit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomit that looks like coffee grounds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Black or tarry stool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark blood mixed with stool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Signs of bleeding in the lower digestive tract include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Black or tarry stool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark blood mixed with stool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stool mixed or coated with bright red blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;GI bleeding is not a disease, but a symptom of a disease. There are many possible causes of GI bleeding, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;hemorrhoids&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;peptic ulcers&lt;/a&gt;, tears or inflammation in the esophagus, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html"&gt;diverticulosis and diverticulitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;colonic polyps&lt;/a&gt;, or cancer in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html"&gt;stomach&lt;/a&gt; or  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esophagus&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The test used most often to look for the cause of GI bleeding is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopy&lt;/a&gt;. It uses a flexible instrument inserted through the mouth or rectum to view the inside of the GI tract. A type of endoscopy called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopy&lt;/a&gt; looks at the large intestine.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1917" language="Spanish">Hemorragia gastrointestinal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006471">Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html" id="1226">Hemorrhoids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html" id="357">Peptic Ulcer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bleeding, Gastrointestinal</see-reference>
<see-reference>GI Bleeding</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rectal Bleeding</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Long-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Short-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black or tarry stools" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding esophageal varices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000268.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capsule Endoscopy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/capsule-endoscopy/about/pac-20393366?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastrointestinal+Hemorrhage%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Varices" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-varices/symptoms-causes/syc-20351538?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ferritin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003133.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal perforation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000235.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="GI bleeding - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100162_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100162_1.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mallory-Weiss tear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000269.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesenteric angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/proctitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Bleeding" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gastrointestinal+Hemorrhage%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RBC nuclear scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003835.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003835.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Bleeding" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050740?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small Bowel Bleeding" url="https://gi.org/topics/small-bowel-bleeding/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/sangrado-del-intestino-delgado-causas-diagnostico-y-tratamiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Color: When to Worry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/stool-color/expert-answers/FAQ-20058080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/stool-color/expert-answers/faq-20058080?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool guaiac test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Minor Rectal Bleeding" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-minor-rectal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-el-sangrado-rectal-leve">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Bleeding in Children" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Bleeding%20-%20Upper%20GI.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Bleeding%20-%20Upper%20GI%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vomiting Blood" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/SYM-20050732?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/sym-20050732?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vomiting blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003118.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gaucher disease is a rare, inherited disorder in which you do not have enough of an enzyme called glucocerebrosidase. Learn about the three types." title="Gaucher Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html" id="1523" language="English" date-created="08/16/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Gaucher disease is a rare, inherited disorder. It is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;lipid metabolism disorder&lt;/a&gt;. If you have it, you do not have enough of an enzyme called glucocerebrosidase.  This causes too much of a fatty substance to build up in your spleen, liver, lungs, bones and, sometimes, your brain. This prevents these organs from working properly.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are three types:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type 1, the most common form, causes liver and spleen enlargement, bone pain and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), and, sometimes, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; problems. It does not affect the brain. It can occur at any age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type 2, which causes severe brain damage, appears in infants. Most children who have it die by age 2.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In type 3, there may be liver and spleen enlargement. The brain is gradually affected. It usually starts in childhood or adolescence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gaucher disease has no cure. Treatment options for types 1 and 3 include medicine and enzyme replacement therapy, which is usually very effective. There is no good treatment for the brain damage of types 2 and 3.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html" id="1918" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Gaucher</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005776">Gaucher Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gaucher Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gaucher+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gaucher disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000564.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gaucher Disease and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/gaucher-disease-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-enfermedad-de-gaucher/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gaucher disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gaucher-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Gaucher Disease" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Gaucher-Disease">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipid Storage Diseases" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lipid-storage-diseases">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gaucher Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gaucher+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tener un embarazo múltiple aumenta el riesgo de problemas durante la gestación y el parto. Entérese cómo mantenerse saludable, prepararse para el parto y planificar la crianza de sus hijos." title="Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="2209" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Embarazo múltiple</also-called>
<also-called>Parto múltiple</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si está embarazada de más de un bebé, dista mucho de estar sola. Los nacimientos múltiples están en ascenso en los Estados Unidos. ¿Por qué? Cada vez más mujeres tienen bebés después de los 30 años y muchas toman medicamentos para la fertilidad. Ambos factores incrementan potencialmente las posibilidades de tener más de un bebé. Los antecedentes familiares de gemelos también aumentan las posibilidades.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hace años, la mayoría de los gemelos llegaban por sorpresa. Actualmente, la mayoría de las mujeres se entera anticipadamente del embarazo múltiple. Deben ver al médico con más frecuencia que las mujeres que esperan a un solo niño ya que los embarazos múltiples deben controlarse más cuidadosamente. Los bebés de embarazos múltiples tienen mayor riesgo de nacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;prematuramente&lt;/a&gt;. Algunas mujeres tienen que guardar reposo en cama para demorar el parto. Finalmente, es posible que necesiten &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;cesárea&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente si tienen tres bebés o más. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Después de que los bebés llegan a su casa, las mamás pueden sentirse agobiadas y exhaustas. La ayuda de voluntarios y los grupos de apoyo para padres de bebés múltiples pueden facilitar la transición. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="1520" language="English">Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mellizos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nacimiento múltiple</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trillizos</see-reference>
<site title="Diferencia entre gemelos idénticos y fraternos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-difference-between-identical-and-fraternal-twins.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/Pages/The-Difference-Between-Identical-and-Fraternal-Twins.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familias en la NICU: Cómo cuidar a varios bebés" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/como-cuidar-a-varios-bebes.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/being-pregnant-twins-triplets-and-other-multiples">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mellizos, trillizos y otros embarazos múltliples" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/twins-triplets-and-other-multiples" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/twins-triplets-and-other-multiples">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prepararse para un parto múltiple" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/multiple-births.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-births.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Siameses" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/conjoined-twins/symptoms-causes/syc-20353910?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/conjoined-twins/symptoms-causes/syc-20353910?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de transfusión fetofetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000132.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de transfusión gemelo a gemelo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001595.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido obstétrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/obstetricus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/obstetricus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está esperando gemelos? Cómo mantenerse saludable" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Having-Twins-How-to-Stay-Healthy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/pages/having-twins-how-to-stay-healthy.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Genes are the building blocks of inheritance. Read more about genes and the currently experimental technique of gene therapy." title="Genes and Gene Therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genesandgenetherapy.html" id="1454" language="English" date-created="04/11/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Genes are the building blocks of inheritance. Passed from parent to child, they contain 

instructions for making proteins. If genes don't produce the right proteins or don't produce them 

correctly, a child can have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorder&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. 

The most common form of gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene to replace an 

abnormal gene. Other approaches include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;	Swapping an abnormal gene for a normal one&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;	Repairing an abnormal gene&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;	Altering the degree to which a gene is turned on or off&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Although there is much hope for gene therapy, it is still experimental. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genesandgenetherapy.html" id="1920" language="Spanish">Genes y terapia genética</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015316">Genetic Therapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005796">Genes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genesandgenetherapy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.genome.gov/">National Human Genome Research Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html" id="33">Genetic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<see-reference>Human Genome Project</see-reference>
<site title="All about Genetics (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/about-genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/about-genetics.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="All about the Human Genome Project (HGP)" url="https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Basics on Genes and Genetic Disorders" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biological Pathways" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Biological-Pathways-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Vias-Biologicas">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brief Guide to Genomics: DNA, Genes and Genomes" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/A-Brief-Guide-to-Genomics" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Breve-guia-de-genomica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chromosomes" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Chromosomes-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Cromosomas">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gene Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22gene+therapy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coming of Age of Gene Therapy: A Review of the Past and Path Forward" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/coming-age-gene-therapy-review-past-path-forward">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disease Treatments" url="https://patienteducation.asgct.org/disease-treatments">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Gene &amp; Cell Therapy</organization>
</site>
<site title="DNA Microarray Technology" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/DNA-Microarray-Technology" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Tecnologia-de-micromatriz-de-ADN">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epigenomics" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Epigenomics-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Epigenomica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Pharmacogenomics" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Pharmacogenomics" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/FAQ/Preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-la-farmacogenomica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gene Changes (Mutations)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gene-mutations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gene-mutations.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gene Therapies are a Promising Path to Treating Rare Diseases" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/gene-therapies-are-a-promising-path-to-treating-rare-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/genoterapias-son-un-camino-prometedor-para-el-tratamiento-de-enfermedades-raras">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gene Therapy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gene-therapy/about/pac-20384619?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/gene-therapy/about/pac-20384619?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002371.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing Registry" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Biotechnology Information</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002048.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics Basics: Six Things You Should Know" url="https://www.ashg.org/discover-genetics-old/genetics-basics/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Human Genetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics, Disease Prevention and Treatment" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Genetics-Disease-Prevention-and-Treatment">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetics: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Gene Therapy Can Cure or Treat Diseases" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-gene-therapy-can-cure-or-treat-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-la-terapia-genica-puede-curar-o-tratar-enfermedades">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Human Genome Research Institute" url="https://www.genome.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Researchers Create New Viral Vector for Improved Gene Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researchers-create-new-viral-vector-improved-gene-therapy-sickle-cell-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gene therapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Genetic+Therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Genes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms" url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tesha Samuels Advocates for Others After Living with Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/tesha-samuels-advocates-for-others-after-living-with-sickle-cell-disease" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tesha-samuels-aboga-por-otras-personas-despues-de-vivir-con-la-enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transcriptome" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Transcriptome-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Transcriptoma">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Genetic Therapies?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/genetic-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/terapias-geneticas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What are whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/sequencing" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/secuenciacion/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Gene?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/what-is-gene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/what-is-gene.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is epigenetics?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/howgeneswork/epigenome" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/comofuncionangenes/epigenetica/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is genetic ancestry testing?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/dtcgenetictesting/ancestrytesting" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebasdirectasalconsumidor/pruebasdeascendencia/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Pharmacology?" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2023/08/what-is-pharmacology/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La terapia genética es una técnica experimental que utiliza los genes para tratar o prevenir enfermedades. Infórmese." title="Genes y terapia genética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genesandgenetherapy.html" id="1920" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Genoterapia</also-called>
<also-called>Terapia génica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los genes son los ladrillos de la herencia. Pasan de padres a hijos y contienen las instrucciones para producir proteínas. Si los genes no producen las proteínas correctas o no lo hacen correctamente, un niño puede tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno genético&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La terapia genética (también conocida como terapia génica o genoterapia) es una técnica experimental que utiliza los genes para tratar o prevenir enfermedades. La forma más común de terapia genética incluye la inserción de un gen normal para sustituir a uno anormal. Otros tipos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Intercambio de un gen anormal por uno normal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Reparación de un gen anormal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Alteración del grado en el que se active o se desactive un gen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque hay una gran esperanza para la terapia genética, aún es experimental.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genesandgenetherapy.html" id="1454" language="English">Genes and Gene Therapy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHGRI">Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921">Enfermedades genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" id="1922">Pruebas genéticas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Herencia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Terapia genética</see-reference>
<site title="Breve guía de genómica" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Breve-guia-de-genomica" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/A-Brief-Guide-to-Genomics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cromosomas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Cromosomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Chromosomes-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la terapia génica puede curar o tratar enfermedades" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-la-terapia-genica-puede-curar-o-tratar-enfermedades" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-gene-therapy-can-cure-or-treat-diseases">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender la genética y la salud" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115596/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK115596.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Genética</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epigenómica" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Epigenomica" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Epigenomics-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Formas comunes de herencia" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/formas-comunes-de-herencia.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002371.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genes y genética" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genoterapia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/gene-therapy/about/pac-20384619?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gene-therapy/about/pac-20384619?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002048.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genética (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/about-genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/about-genetics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Las genoterapias son un camino prometedor para el tratamiento de enfermedades raras" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/genoterapias-son-un-camino-prometedor-para-el-tratamiento-de-enfermedades-raras" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/gene-therapies-are-a-promising-path-to-treating-rare-diseases">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mutaciones genéticas (cambios genéticos)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gene-mutations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gene-mutations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre la farmacogenómica" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/FAQ/Preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-la-farmacogenomica" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Pharmacogenomics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de biomarcadores para el tratamiento de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/pruebas-de-biomarcadores-tratamiento-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué son las terapias genéticas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/terapias-geneticas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/genetic-therapies">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tecnología de micromatriz de ADN" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Tecnologia-de-micromatriz-de-ADN" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/DNA-Microarray-Technology">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia génica" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/fundamentos/gen%C3%A9tica/terapia-g%C3%A9nica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tesha Samuels aboga por otras personas después de vivir con la enfermedad de células falciformes" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tesha-samuels-aboga-por-otras-personas-despues-de-vivir-con-la-enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/tesha-samuels-advocates-for-others-after-living-with-sickle-cell-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transcriptoma" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Transcriptoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Transcriptome-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vías biológicas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Vias-Biologicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Biological-Pathways-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la epigenética? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/comofuncionangenes/epigenetica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/howgeneswork/epigenome">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la secuenciación completa del exoma y la secuenciación completa del genoma? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/secuenciacion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/sequencing">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la terapia genética? ¿Cómo funciona?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-es-la-terapia-genetica-como-funciona">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un gen?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/what-is-gene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/what-is-gene.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las pruebas de ascendencia genética? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebasdirectasalconsumidor/pruebasdeascendencia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/dtcgenetictesting/ancestrytesting">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Genetic brain disorders affect the development and function of the brain. Some are inherited, some are caused by exposure, and others are both." title="Genetic Brain Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3117" language="English" date-created="02/05/2003">
<also-called>Inborn genetic brain disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A genetic brain disorder is caused by a variation or a mutation in a gene.  A variation is a different form of a gene. A mutation is a change in a gene. Genetic brain disorders affect the development and function of the brain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some genetic brain disorders are due to random gene mutations or mutations caused by environmental exposure, such as cigarette smoke. Other disorders are inherited, which means that a mutated gene or group of genes is passed down through a family. They can also be due to a combination of both genetic changes and other outside factors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some examples of genetic brain disorders include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukodystrophies.html"&gt;Leukodystrophies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phenylketonuria.html"&gt;Phenylketonuria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html"&gt;Tay-Sachs disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html"&gt;Wilson disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people with genetic brain disorders fail to produce enough of certain proteins that influence brain development and function. These brain disorders can cause serious problems that affect the nervous system. Some have treatments to control symptoms.  Some are life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3118" language="Spanish">Trastornos cerebrales genéticos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020739">Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6385">Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6389">Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5919">Cerebellar Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html" id="33">Genetic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukodystrophies.html" id="1718">Leukodystrophies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6387">Lipid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703">Metabolic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html" id="6391">Mitochondrial Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/phenylketonuria.html" id="1231">Phenylketonuria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html" id="2737">Tay-Sachs Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html" id="1691">Wilson Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Brain Disorders, Inborn Genetic</see-reference>
<see-reference>Maple Syrup Urine Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niemann-Pick Disease</see-reference>
<site title="2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/2-hydroxyglutaric-aciduria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa-lyase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-methylcrotonyl-coa-carboxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-methylglutaconyl-coa-hydratase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adenylosuccinate-lyase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-mannosidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-mannosidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-methylacyl-coa-racemase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aminoacylase 1 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aminoacylase-1-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arginase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginineglycine-amidinotransferase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Argininosuccinic aciduria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/argininosuccinic-aciduria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aromatic-l-amino-acid-decarboxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspartylglucosaminuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aspartylglucosaminuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beta-ketothiolase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beta-ketothiolase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beta-mannosidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beta-mannosidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biotinidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/biotinidase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Birth Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/birth-disorders-brain-and-spinal-cord">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood myocerebrohepatopathy spectrum: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/childhood-myocerebrohepatopathy-spectrum">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Citrullinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/citrullinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Brain+Diseases,+Metabolic,+Inborn%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Niemann-Pick Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Niemann-Pick+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coats plus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/coats-plus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/combined-malonic-and-methylmalonic-aciduria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dentatorubral-pallidoluysian-atrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/deoxyguanosine-kinase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dihydrolipoamide-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dihydropyrimidine-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ethylmalonic encephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ethylmalonic-encephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fabry disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fabry-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fahr's Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/fahrs-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-associated-tremor-ataxia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fucosidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fucosidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fumarase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fumarase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GABA-transaminase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gaba-transaminase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/galactosemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/gerstmann-straussler-scheinker-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GLUT1 deficiency syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glut1-deficiency-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glutamate-formiminotransferase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glutaric acidemia type I: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glutaric-acidemia-type-i">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glutathione synthetase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glutathione-synthetase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GM1 gangliosidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gm1-gangliosidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/grin2b-related-neurodevelopmental-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/guanidinoacetate-methyltransferase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypermethioninemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypermethioninemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperprolinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperprolinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isovaleric acidemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isovaleric-acidemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="L1 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/l1-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leigh Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/mitochondrial-disorders#leigh-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leigh syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leigh-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lesch-nyhan-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesch-Nyhan syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001655.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leukoencephalopathy-with-brainstem-and-spinal-cord-involvement-and-lactate-elevation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipid Storage Diseases" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lipid-storage-diseases">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/malonyl-coa-decarboxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Maple syrup urine disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000373.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maple Syrup Urine Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/msud.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/msud.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="MECP2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mecp2-related-severe-neonatal-encephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MEGDEL syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megdel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menkes disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001160.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001160.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menkes Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/menkes-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menkes syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/menkes-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial complex III deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-complex-iii-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome (Alpers' Disease)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/mitochondrial-disorders#mitochondrial-dna-depletion-syndromes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-encephalomyopathy-lactic-acidosis-and-stroke-like-episodes">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-neurogastrointestinal-encephalopathy-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/molybdenum-cofactor-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Moyamoya Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/moyamoya-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Moyamoya disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/moyamoya-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucolipidosis type IV: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mucolipidosis-type-iv">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolysaccharidosis type I: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mucopolysaccharidosis-type-i">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolysaccharidosis type II: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mucopolysaccharidosis-type-ii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolysaccharidosis type III: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mucopolysaccharidosis-type-iii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple sulfatase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-sulfatase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-with-ragged-red-fibers">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/n-acetylglutamate-synthase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neurodevelopmental-disorder-with-or-without-anomalies-of-the-brain-eye-or-heart">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001613.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Batten Disease)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuronal-ceroid-lipofuscinosis-batten-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niemann-Pick disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001207.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niemann-Pick disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/niemann-pick-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nonketotic-hyperglycinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ornithine-transcarbamylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/phosphoglycerate-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/phosphoglycerate-kinase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/phosphoribosylpyrophosphate-synthetase-superactivity">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pmm2-congenital-disorder-of-glycosylation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prion disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prion-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prolidase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Brain Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain+Diseases%2C+Metabolic%2C+Inborn%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pyruvate-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Schindler disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schindler-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/short-branched-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sialic acid storage disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/free-sialic-acid-storage-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/succinic-semialdehyde-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Geneticist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Urea Cycle Disorder?" url="https://nucdf.org/about-ucd/what-is-a-ucd/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-linked creatine deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-creatine-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Genetic counseling provides support to people who have or may be at risk for genetic disorders. There are many reasons to seek genetic counseling. " title="Genetic Counseling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html" id="3811" language="English" date-created="04/05/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Genetic counseling provides information and support to people who have, or may be at risk for, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt;. A genetic counselor meets with you to discuss genetic risks. The counseling may be for yourself or a family member. Or you may get it when you are planning or expecting a baby. You may follow up with  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic testing&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons to seek genetic counseling. You may consider it if you :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a personal or family history of a genetic condition or birth defect&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are pregnant or planning to be pregnant after age 35&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Already have a child with a genetic disorder or birth defect&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had two or more pregnancy losses or a baby who died&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had ultrasound or screening tests that suggest a possible problem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html" id="3812" language="Spanish">Asesoramiento genético</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005817">Genetic Counseling</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.genome.gov/">National Human Genome Research Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html" id="4484">Family History</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html" id="33">Genetic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" id="3091">Prenatal Testing</related-topic>
<site title="About Genetic Counselors" url="https://www.nsgc.org/About/About-Genetic-Counselors">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Society of Genetic Counselors</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Genetic Counseling" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Genetic+Counseling%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Genetic Counselor" url="https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Society of Genetic Counselors</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Genetic Counseling" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Genetic-Counseling">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling" url="https://www.cdc.gov/genomics-and-health/about/genetic-counseling.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/genetic-counseling" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/asesoramiento-en-genetica.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetic-counseling.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetic-counseling.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling for Congenital Heart Defects" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/understand-your-risk-for-congenital-heart-defects/genetic-counseling-for-congenital-heart-defects">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-ovarian-cancer-hereditary/genetic-counsling/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Making Sense of Your Genes: A Guide to Genetic Counseling" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115508/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Genetic Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Human Genome Research Institute" url="https://www.genome.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal genetic counseling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000510.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Genetic+Counseling%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms" url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Genetic Testing for Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-for-cancer-risk/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/genetica/pruebas-geneticas-para-evaluar-el-riesgo-de-cancer/comprension-de-las-pruebas-geneticas-para-el-cancer.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Geneticist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A mutation in a person's genes can cause a medical condition called a genetic disorder. Learn about the types and how they are detected." title="Genetic Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html" id="33" language="English" date-created="01/10/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Genes are the building blocks of heredity. They are passed from parent to child. They hold DNA, the instructions for making proteins. Proteins do most of the work in cells. They move molecules from one place to another, build structures, break down toxins, and do many other maintenance jobs.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes there is a mutation, a change in a gene or genes.  The mutation changes the gene's instructions for making a protein, so the protein does not work properly or is missing entirely. This can cause a medical condition called a genetic disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can inherit a gene mutation from one or both parents.  A mutation can also happen during your lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of genetic disorders:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Single-gene disorders, where a mutation affects one gene.  Sickle cell anemia is an example.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chromosomal disorders, where chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) are missing or changed. Chromosomes are the structures that hold our genes.  Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Complex disorders, where there are mutations in two or more genes. Often your lifestyle and environment also play a role.  Colon cancer is an example.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; on blood and other tissue can identify genetic disorders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Library of Medicine&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921" language="Spanish">Enfermedades genéticas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D030342">Genetic Diseases, Inborn</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022">Brain Malformations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897">Celiac Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="191">Cleft Lip and Palate</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html" id="203">Cystic Fibrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html" id="217">Down Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dwarfism.html" id="1244">Dwarfism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html" id="3690">Fragile X Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3117">Genetic Brain Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html" id="3811">Genetic Counseling</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html" id="1220">Hemochromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukodystrophies.html" id="1718">Leukodystrophies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="940">Osteogenesis Imperfecta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/praderwillisyndrome.html" id="1243">Prader-Willi Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rarediseases.html" id="519">Rare Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html" id="402">Sickle Cell Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Progeria</see-reference>
<site title="10q26 deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/10q26-deletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Poland Anomaly" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Poland-Anomaly">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Progeria" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Progeria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="All about Genetics (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/about-genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/about-genetics.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="All about the Human Genome Project (HGP)" url="https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alstrom syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001665.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basics on Genes and Genetic Disorders" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beriberi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000339.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campomelic Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/campomelic-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cartilage-hair-hypoplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chromosome Abnormalities" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Chromosome-Abnormalities-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Anomal%C3%ADas-Cromos%C3%B3micas">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Genetic Diseases, Inborn" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Genetic+Diseases,+Inborn%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Progeria" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Progeria%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CLOVES Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cloves-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cloves-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cryopyrin-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndromes (CAPS)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/cryopyrin-associated-autoinflammatory-syndromes-caps" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/sindromes-autoinflamatorios-asociados-a-la-criopirina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000346.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ellis-Van Creveld Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ellis-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Genetic Disorders" url="https://www.genome.gov/For-Patients-and-Families/Health-FAQ">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gene Changes (Mutations)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gene-mutations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gene-mutations.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic and Chromosomal Conditions" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/genetic-and-chromosomal-conditions" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/condiciones-geneticas-y-cromosomicas.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Disorders" url="https://www.genome.gov/For-Patients-and-Families/Genetic-Disorders">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Disorders and Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/genetic-disorders">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing Registry" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Biotechnology Information</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary elliptocytosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000563.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary ovalocytosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000566.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How are genetic conditions diagnosed?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/consult/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/consulta/diagnostico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How are genetic conditions treated or managed?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/consult/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/consulta/tratamiento/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/infantile-neuroaxonal-dystrophy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Karyotyping" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003935.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about an Undiagosed Condition in a Child" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Learning-About-an-Undiagnosed-Condition-in-a-Child">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about an Undiagosed Condition in an Adult" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Learning-About-An-Undiagnosed-Condition-in-an-Adult">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mosaicism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001317.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/multiple-epiphyseal-dysplasia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Human Genome Research Institute" url="https://www.genome.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001452.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Researchers Discover a New Inflammatory Disease Called VEXAS" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/newsroom/spotlight-on-research/nih-researchers-discover-new-inflammatory-disease-called-vexas">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Noonan Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/noonan-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354422?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noonan syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001656.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001473.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peutz-Jeghers syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000244.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy in Progeria" url="https://www.progeriaresearch.org/assets/files/pdf/Physical%20Therapy(07-04).pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Progeria Research Foundation, Inc.</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Progeria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001657.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Progeria Research Foundation Diagnostic Testing Program" url="https://www.progeriaresearch.org/the-prf-diagnostic-testing-program/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Progeria Research Foundation, Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Genetic+Diseases%2C+Inborn%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms" url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triple X Syndrome: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/triple-x-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350977?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/triple-x-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350977?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="What Is a Gene?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/what-is-gene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/what-is-gene.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="What Is a Pediatric Geneticist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx">
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<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Williams Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/williams-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Genetic tests are tests on blood and other tissue to find genetic disorders. Over 2000 tests are available. Read about why you might consider testing." title="Genetic Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262" language="English" date-created="01/10/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is genetic testing?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Genetic testing is a type of medical test that looks for changes in your DNA. DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid. It contains the genetic instructions in all living things. Genetic tests analyze your cells or tissue to look for any changes in:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genes&lt;/strong&gt;, which are parts of DNA that carry the information needed to make a protein&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chromosomes&lt;/strong&gt;, which are thread-like structures in your cells. They contain DNA and proteins.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Proteins&lt;/strong&gt;, which do most of the work in your cells.  Testing can look for changes in the amount and activity level of proteins. If it finds changes, it might be due to changes in your DNA.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why is genetic testing done?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Genetic testing may be done for many different reasons, including to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Find &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic diseases&lt;/a&gt; in unborn babies. This is one type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prenatal testing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;Screen newborn babies&lt;/a&gt; for certain treatable conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower the risk of genetic diseases in embryos that were created using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;assisted reproductive technology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Find out if you carry a gene for a certain disease that could be passed on to your children. This is called carrier testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See whether you are at increased risk of developing a specific disease. This may be done for a disease that runs in your family.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diagnose certain diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identify genetic changes that may be causing or contributing to a disease that you were already diagnosed with&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Figure out how severe a disease is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Help guide your doctor in deciding the best medicine and dosage for you. This is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/"&gt;pharmacogenomic testing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is genetic testing done?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Genetic tests are often done on a blood or cheek swab sample. But they may also be done on samples of hair, saliva, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue. The sample is sent to a laboratory. There, a lab technician will use one of several different techniques to look for genetic changes.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the benefits of genetic testing?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The benefits of genetic testing include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helping doctors make recommendations for treatment or monitoring&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Giving you more information for making decisions about your health and your family's health:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;If you find out that you are at risk for a certain disease, you might take steps to lower that risk. For example, you may find out that you should be screened for a disease earlier and more often. Or you might decide to make &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html"&gt;healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;If you find out that you are not at risk for a certain disease, then you can skip unnecessary checkups or screenings&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A test could give you information that helps you make decisions about having children&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identifying genetic disorders early in life so treatment can be started as soon as possible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the drawbacks of genetic testing?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The physical risks of the different types of genetic testing are small. But there can be emotional, social, or financial drawbacks:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Depending on the results, you may feel angry, depressed, anxious, or guilty. This can be especially true if you are diagnosed with a disease that does not have effective treatments.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may be worried about genetic discrimination in employment or insurance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetic testing may give you limited information about a genetic disease. For example, it cannot tell you whether you will have symptoms, how severe a disease might be, or whether a disease will get worse over time.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Some genetic tests are expensive, and health insurance might only cover part of the cost. Or they may not cover it at all.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I decide whether to be tested?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The decision about whether to have genetic testing is complex. In addition to discussing the test with your health care provider, you can meet with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html"&gt;genetic counselor&lt;/a&gt;. Genetic counselors have specialized degrees and experience in genetics and counseling. They can help you understand the tests and weigh the risks and benefits. If you do get a test, they can explain the results and make sure that you have the support that you need.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Genetic Mapping" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Genetic-Mapping-Fact-Sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Hoja-de-datos-del-mapeo-gen%C3%A9tico">
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<site title="Genetic Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetics.html">
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<site title="Genetic testing and your cancer risk" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000842.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000842.htm">
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<site title="Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/genetica/hoja-informativa-pruebas-geneticas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Genetic Testing for Inherited Heart Disease" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002252">
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<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
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<site title="Genetic Testing Registry" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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<site title="Genetic Testing: What You Should Know" url="https://familydoctor.org/genetic-testing-what-you-should-know/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pruebas-geneticas-lo-que-usted-deberia-saber/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Genetics: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="How can consumers be sure a genetic test is valid and useful?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/validtest" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/pruebasvalidas/">
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<site title="How is genetic testing done?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/procedure" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/procedimiento/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Karyotype Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/">
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<site title="Karyotyping" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003935.htm">
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<site title="MTHFR Mutation Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mthfr-mutation-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-mutaciones-de-mthfr/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Human Genome Research Institute" url="https://www.genome.gov/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="PTEN Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Genetic Testing" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Genetic+Testing%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Regulation of Genetic Tests" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/policy-issues/Regulation-of-Genetic-Tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/policy-issues/Regulation-of-Genetic-Tests">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms" url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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<site title="TP53 Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="What are the risks and limitations of genetic testing?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/riskslimitations" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/riesgoslimitaciones/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="What are the types of genetic tests?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/uses" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/usos/">
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<site title="What do the results of genetic tests mean?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/interpretingresults" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/significadoresultados/">
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<site title="What Is a Pediatric Geneticist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx">
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<site title="What is direct-to-consumer genetic testing?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/dtcgenetictesting/directtoconsumer" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebasdirectasalconsumidor/queson/">
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<site title="What is genetic ancestry testing?: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/dtcgenetictesting/ancestrytesting" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebasdirectasalconsumidor/pruebasdeascendencia/">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). Learn about symptoms, testing, prevention, and treatments." title="Genital Herpes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html" id="5863" language="English" date-created="08/17/2011">
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<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Genital herpes is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI) caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simplex&lt;/a&gt; virus (HSV). It can cause sores on your genital or rectal area, buttocks, and thighs.  You can get it from having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has it. The virus can spread even when sores are not present. Mothers can also infect their babies during childbirth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of herpes are called outbreaks.  You usually get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. The sores are blisters which break and become painful, and then heal. Sometimes people do not know they have herpes because they have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. The virus can be more serious in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Repeat outbreaks are common, especially during the first year. Over time, you get them less often and the symptoms become milder.  The virus stays in your body for life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are tests that can diagnose genital herpes. There is no cure.  However, medicines can help lessen symptoms, decrease outbreaks, and lower the risk of passing the virus to others. Correct usage of latex condoms can reduce, but not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading herpes. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<see-reference>Herpes Genitalis</see-reference>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Herpes Genitalis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Herpes+Genitalis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
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<site title="Genital Herpes" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-herpes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-herpes">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
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<site title="Genital Herpes" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/genital-herpes" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-herpes-genital">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
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<site title="Genital herpes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000857.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Genital Herpes" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/genital-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv?Imiw9cApl">
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<site title="Genital Herpes (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/herpes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/herpes.html">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herpes viral culture of lesion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003739.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genital Herpes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Herpes+Genitalis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Serum herpes simplex antibodies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003352.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Genital warts are a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Learn about what they look like, prevention, and treatment." title="Genital Warts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html" id="4322" language="English" date-created="02/13/2006">
<also-called>Condylomata acuminate</also-called>
<also-called>Venereal warts</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Genital warts are a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI) caused by the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;human papillomavirus&lt;/a&gt; (HPV). The warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. They are flesh-colored and can be flat or look bumpy like cauliflower. Some genital warts are so small you cannot see them. In women, the warts usually occur in or around the vagina, on the cervix, or around the anus. In men, genital warts are less common. They may have warts on the tip of the penis, around the anus, or on the scrotum, thigh, or groin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can get genital warts during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with an infected partner.  Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading HPV. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex. HPV vaccines may help prevent some of the HPV infections that cause genital warts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider usually diagnoses genital warts by seeing them. The warts might disappear on their own. If not, your health care provider can treat or remove them. HPV stays in your body even after treatment, so warts can come back.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html" id="4323" language="Spanish">Verrugas genitales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003218">Condylomata Acuminata</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html" id="1715">HPV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Condylomata Acuminata</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venereal Warts</see-reference>
<site title="Anal Warts" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-warts" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/las-verrugas-anales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Condylomata Acuminata" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Condylomata+Acuminata%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Wart (Condyloma Acuminatum)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/condyloma-acuminatum-genital-wart?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Warts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/genital-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20355234?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/genital-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20355234?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital warts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Warts" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-warts" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-warts">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Warts (HPV)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-warts.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Warts (HPV) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genital-warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genital-warts.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Genital Warts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000886_41.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000886_96.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hpv-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccine (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hpv-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hpv-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genital Warts" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Condylomata+Acuminata%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you have painful burning in your throat, you may have GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). Identify symptoms and learn how to treat it." title="GERD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512" language="English" date-created="09/23/1999">
<also-called>Gastroesophageal reflux disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus and irritate it. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may feel a burning in the chest or throat called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;heartburn&lt;/a&gt;.  Sometimes, you can taste stomach fluid in the back of the mouth.  If you have these symptoms more than twice a week, you may have GERD. You can also have GERD without having heartburn. Your symptoms could include a dry cough, asthma symptoms, or trouble swallowing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html"&gt;infants&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;, can have GERD.  If not treated, it can lead to more serious health problems. In some cases, you might need medicines or surgery.  However, many people can improve their symptoms by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Avoiding alcohol and spicy, fatty or acidic foods that trigger heartburn&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eating smaller meals&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Not eating close to bedtime &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Losing weight if needed &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Wearing loose-fitting clothes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916" language="Spanish">Reflujo gastroesofágico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005764">Gastroesophageal Reflux</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html" id="246">Esophagus Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html" id="1653">Heartburn</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiatalhernia.html" id="4370">Hiatal Hernia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html" id="6521">Reflux in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" id="6467">Reflux in Infants</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acid Reflux</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastroesophageal Reflux</see-reference>
<site title="Acid Reflux (GER and GERD) in Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/reflujo-gastrico-rge-enfermedad-por-reflujo-gastroesofagico-erge-adultos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antacids and Acid Reducers: OTC Relief for Heartburn and Acid Reflux" url="https://familydoctor.org/antacids-and-acid-reducers-otc-relief-for-heartburn-and-acid-reflux/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antiacidos-y-reductores-de-acido-alivio-con-medicamentos-otc-para-la-acidez-estomacal-y-el-reflujo-acido/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-reflux surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002925.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-reflux surgery - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007401.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-reflux surgery - children - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000289.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-reflux surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000160.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000160.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium Swallow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bernstein test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003897.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bland diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastroesophageal Reflux" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastroesophageal+Reflux%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal manometry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003884.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal pH monitoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003401.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal pH Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/esophageal-ph-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ph-esofagico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Spasms" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001153.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeling the Burn? Options for Acid Reflux" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/11/feeling-burn" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sintiendo-el-ardor">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a SAGES Surgeon" url="https://www.sages.org/public-search/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundoplication" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Fundoplication.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Fundoplication%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal reflux - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000197.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal reflux - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100181_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100181_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000265.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000265.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/enfermedad-de-reflujo-gastroesofagico-(erg)">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/gerd.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007688.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="GERD: Can Certain Medications Make It Worse?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/heartburn-gerd/FAQ-20058535?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/heartburn-gerd/faq-20058535?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion (Dyspepsia)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/indigestion-dyspepsia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/indigestion-dispepsia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower esophageal ring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000208.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GERD" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gastroesophageal+Reflux%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reflux in Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflux in Infants: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking antacids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your GERD Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000265_7.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000265_67.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warning: Aspirin-Containing Antacid Medicines Can Cause Bleeding" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/warning-aspirin-containing-antacid-medicines-can-cause-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/advertencia-los-antiacidos-que-contienen-aspirina-pueden-causar-sangrado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a pH Probe Study?" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Ph%20Probe%20-%20English.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Ph%20Probe%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Stopping the spread of germs is as easy as thoroughly washing your hands or covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough. Raise your hygiene IQ here. " title="Germs and Hygiene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html" id="4182" language="English" date-created="06/14/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are germs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Germs are microorganisms. This means that they can be seen only through a microscope. They can be found everywhere - in the air, soil, and water. There are also germs on your skin and in your body. Many germs live in and on our bodies without causing harm. Some even help us to stay healthy. But some germs can make you sick. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;Infectious diseases&lt;/a&gt; are diseases that are caused by germs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main types of germs are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungi&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasites&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do germs spread?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There are different ways that germs can spread, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through touching a person who has the germs or making other close contact with them, such as kissing, hugging, or sharing cups or eating utensils&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through breathing air after a person with the germs coughs or sneezes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through touching the feces (poop) of someone who has the germs, such as changing diapers, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through touching objects and surfaces that have germs on them, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From mother to baby during pregnancy and/or childbirth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insect&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html"&gt;animal&lt;/a&gt; bites&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From contaminated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;food&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html"&gt;water&lt;/a&gt;, soil, or plants&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I protect myself and others from germs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can help protect yourself and others from germs:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When you have to cough or sneeze, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or use the inside of your elbow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your hands well and often. You should scrub them for at least 20 seconds. It is important to do this when you are most likely to get and spread germs:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Before, during, and after preparing food&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Before eating food&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Before and after caring for someone at home who is sick with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Before and after treating a cut or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;wound&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;After using the toilet&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;After touching an animal, animal feed, or animal waste&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;After handling pet food or pet treats&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;After touching garbage&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If soap and water are not available, you can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stay home if you are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid close contact with people who are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;food safety&lt;/a&gt; when handling, cooking, and storing food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Regularly &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;clean and disinfect&lt;/a&gt; frequently touched surfaces and objects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html" id="4183" language="Spanish">Gérmenes e higiene</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064548">Hand Sanitizers</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004203">Disinfection</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063373">Hand Hygiene</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ພາສາລາວ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Lao">Lao</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/germsandhygiene.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7607">Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196">Common Cold</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299">Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040">Infection Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>Body Odor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Handwashing</see-reference>
<site title="About Handwashing" url="https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/esp/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Hygiene" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Odor (For Young Women)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Disinfection" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Disinfection%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hand Hygiene" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hand+Hygiene%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hand Sanitizers" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hand+Sanitizers%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Handwashing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=handwashing&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Douching" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/douche.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eight Ways to Guard Against Germs in Everyday Life" url="https://www.cff.org/sites/default/files/2021-10/8-Ways-to-Guard-Against-Germs-in-Everyday-Life.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Germs: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protozoa" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/care-about-germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/care-about-germs.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Germs: Understand and Protect against Bacteria, Viruses, and Infections" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Hygiene Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/faq/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/esp/when-how-handwashing.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Sanitizer Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/data-research/facts-stats/hand-sanitizer-facts.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Washing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/handwashing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/handwashing.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Washing: Do's and Dont's" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Washing: Why It's So Important" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hand-washing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hand-washing.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Habits: Coughing and Sneezing" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/about/coughing-and-sneezing.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/es/personal-hygiene/coughing-sneezing.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Often Do Children Need to Take a Bath?" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/care/child-bathing?NoAds">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Make Water Safe in an Emergency" url="https://www.cdc.gov/water-emergency/about/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/emergency/es/hygiene-handwashing-diapering/handwashing-and-hygiene-during-emergencies.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="If Soap and Water Are Not Available, Hand Sanitizers May Be a Good Alternative" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/if-soap-and-water-are-not-available-hand-sanitizers-may-be-good-alternative" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/los-desinfectantes-de-manos-pueden-ser-una-buena-alternativa-ante-la-falta-de-jabon-o-agua">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Swimming-related Illnesses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-enfermedades-relacionadas-con-la-natacion-y-la-recreacion-en-el-agua.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Germs and Hygiene" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hand+Sanitizers%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Disinfection%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hand+Hygiene%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Q&amp;A for Consumers: Hand Sanitizers and COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/qa-consumers-hand-sanitizers-and-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/preguntas-y-respuestas-para-los-consumidores-los-desinfectantes-para-las-manos-y-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safely Using Hand Sanitizer" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-using-hand-sanitizer" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/uso-seguro-de-desinfectantes-de-manos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skip the Antibacterial Soap; Use Plain Soap and Water" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/skip-antibacterial-soap-use-plain-soap-and-water">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Safe in the Water: Guard Against Germs While Swimming" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/06/staying-safe-water" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenerse-seguro-en-el-agua">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Germs?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/germs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Need to Wash My Hands?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/wash-hands.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/wash-hands.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Body's Bugs: Nurturing Healthy Microbes" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/08/your-body-s-bugs" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-microorganismos-del-cuerpo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Giant cell arteritis causes inflammation and narrowing of the arteries in the head. It often occurs with the disease polymyalgia rheumatica. Learn more." title="Giant Cell Arteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5615" language="English" date-created="08/24/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Giant cell arteritis is a disorder that causes inflammation of your arteries, usually in the scalp, neck, and arms. It narrows the arteries, which keeps blood from flowing well. Giant cell arteritis often occurs with another disorder called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polymyalgiarheumatica.html"&gt;polymyalgia rheumatica&lt;/a&gt;. Both are more common in women than in men. They almost always affect people over the age of 50.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Early symptoms of giant cell arteritis resemble the flu:  fatigue, loss of appetite, and fever. Other symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain and tenderness over the temples&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Double vision or visual loss, dizziness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with coordination and balance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in your jaw and tongue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will make the diagnosis based on your medical history, symptoms, and a physical exam. There is no specific test for giant cell arteritis, but you may have tests that measure inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment is usually with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt;. Early treatment is important; otherwise there is a risk of permanent vision loss or stroke.  However, when properly treated, giant cell arteritis rarely comes back.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5616" language="Spanish">Arteritis de células gigantes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013700">Giant Cell Arteritis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giantcellarteritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="1382">Polymyalgia Rheumatica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html" id="1424">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Temporal Arteritis</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Rheumatology" url="https://rheumatology.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Giant Cell Arteritis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Giant+Cell+Arteritis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ESR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giant cell arteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000448.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giant Cell Arteritis" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9615/giant-cell-arteritis/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13382/arteritis-de-celulas-gigantes/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Giant Cell Arteritis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/giant-cell-arteritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.rheumatology.org/Portals/0/Files/Giant%20Cell%20Arteritis%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/polymyalgia-rheumatica-giant-cell-arteritis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Giant cell arteritis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Giant+Cell+Arteritis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis in the Nervous System" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/vasculitis-nervous-system">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Giant Cell Arteritis?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-giant-cell-arteritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/arteritis-de-celulas-gigantes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Giardiasis is an illness caused by a parasite. Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardia infection. Learn about who is at risk and how to treat it." title="Giardia Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html" id="1258" language="English" date-created="08/28/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Giardiasis is an illness caused by a parasite called Giardia intestinalis. It lives in soil, food, and water. It may also be on surfaces that have been contaminated with waste. You can become infected if you swallow the parasite. You can also get it if you're exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The risk of getting giardia is higher for travelers to countries where it is common, people in child care settings, and those who drink untreated water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardia infection. Others include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Passing gas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Greasy stools&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Stomach cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Upset stomach or nausea &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These symptoms may lead to weight loss and loss of body fluids. Some people have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of infection often last two to six weeks. Stool sample tests can diagnose it. You often need to collect several samples to test. Doctors use several drugs to treat it. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The best way to prevent giardia infection is to practice good hygiene, including frequent hand washing. You should not drink water that may be contaminated. You should also peel or wash fresh fruit and vegetables before eating.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giardiainfections.html" id="1923" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Giardia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005873">Giardiasis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giardiainfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html" id="1435">Drinking Water</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="About Giardia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Giardia and Pets" url="https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/about/about-giardia-and-pets.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Giardiasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Giardiasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/testing-diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Germs That Can Contaminate Tap Water" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/causes/germs-that-can-contaminate-tap-water.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giardia Infection (Giardiasis)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giardia Infection Prevention and Control" url="https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giardiasis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/giardiasis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/giardiasis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giardiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000288.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giardiasis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/giardiasis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ova and Parasite Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Giardia Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Giardiasis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stool ova and parasites exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003756.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Giardia Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Water Disinfection" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/water-disinfection">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Giardia Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Glaucoma damages the eye's optic nerve. It is more common in seniors, and can cause blindness. Read about the types, and diagnosis, and treatment." title="Glaucoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html" id="42" language="English" date-created="01/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html"&gt;optic nerve&lt;/a&gt;. It is a leading cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;blindness&lt;/a&gt; in the United States. It usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises, damaging the optic nerve. Often there are no symptoms at first. Without treatment, people with glaucoma will slowly lose their peripheral, or side vision. They seem to be looking through a tunnel. Over time, straight-ahead vision may decrease until no vision remains.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A comprehensive eye exam can tell if you have glaucoma.  People at risk should get eye exams at least every two years.  They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;African Americans over age 40&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People over age 60, especially Mexican Americans&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with a family history of glaucoma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure, but glaucoma can usually be controlled. Early treatment can help protect your eyes against vision loss. Treatments usually include prescription eyedrops and/or surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html" id="1924" language="Spanish">Glaucoma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005901">Glaucoma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="About Glaucoma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/about-eye-disorders/glaucoma.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="African Americans and Glaucoma" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/african-americans-and-glaucoma">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Foundation for the Blind" url="https://www.afb.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Glaucoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Glaucoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Your Eyesight" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/diabetes-and-your-eyesight">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Does Marijuana Help Treat Glaucoma or Other Eye Conditions?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/medical-marijuana-glaucoma-treament" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/marihuana-medicinal-y-glaucoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry Eyes and Glaucoma: Double Trouble" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/dry-eyes-and-glaucoma-double-trouble">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Early-onset glaucoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/early-onset-glaucoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Exam and Vision Testing Basics" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001620.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000060.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/glaucoma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/glaucoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/glaucoma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma Alternative Therapies" url="https://glaucoma.org/treatment/alternative-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://glaucoma.org/es/en-espanol">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma Diagnosis" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/tipos-de-glaucoma/signos-y-sintomas">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>BrightFocus Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma Eye Drops: Suggestions on Use" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/glaucoma-eye-drops-suggestions-on-use" language-mapped-url="https://www.glaucoma.org/es/consejos-para-el-uso-de-gotas-oftalmicas.php">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma in Children" url="https://aapos.org/glossary/glaucoma-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glaucoma-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-glaucoma/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma Treatments" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/tipos-de-glaucoma/glaucoma-tratamiento-y-medicamentos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>BrightFocus Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with Glaucoma" url="https://glaucoma.org/understanding-glaucoma/life-with-glaucoma">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Glaucoma" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/resources/living-with-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/tipos-de-glaucoma/recreacion-y-calidad-de-vida">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>BrightFocus Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication Guide" url="https://glaucoma.org/treatment/resources/medication" language-mapped-url="https://glaucoma.org/es/informacion-sobre-glaucoma/recursos-para-pacientes/guia-de-medicamentos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail-patella syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nail-patella-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ophthalmoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Nerve Imaging" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/optic-nerve-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Screening" url="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/primary-open-angle-glaucoma-screening">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glaucoma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Standard eye exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking with Your Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tonometry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003447.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Glaucoma" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/types-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/glaucoma/tipos-de-glaucoma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="View How Glaucoma May Affect Vision" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/glaucoma/how-glaucoma-may-affect-vision">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>BrightFocus Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Glaucoma?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-glaucoma">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El glacuoma daña el nervio óptico. Es posible que al comienzo no haya síntomas. Sin tratamiento, las personas con glaucoma perderán la visión periférica. " title="Glaucoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html" id="1924" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Glaucoma es un grupo de enfermedades que pueden dañar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html"&gt;nervio óptico&lt;/a&gt;. Es la principal causa de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;ceguera&lt;/a&gt; en los Estados Unidos. Suele ocurrir cuando la presión del líquido que se encuentra dentro de los ojos aumenta lentamente y lesiona el nervio óptico. Es posible que al comienzo no haya síntomas. Sin tratamiento, las personas con glaucoma perderán la visión periférica (de lado). Sienten como que están mirando a través de un túnel. Con el tiempo, esta visión de túnel (el campo visual) puede disminuir hasta llevar a la ceguera.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un examen integral del ojo puede determinar si usted padece de glaucoma. Algunas personas corren más riesgo que otras. Estas tendrían que realizarse un examen completo de los ojos por lo menos una vez cada dos años. Quienes están a riesgo son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Afroamericanos mayores de 40 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Personas mayores de 60 años, especialmente personas de ascendencia mexicana  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Personas con antecedentes familiares de glaucoma &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para el glaucoma, pero puede ser controlado. El tratamiento inmediato en la primera etapa puede ayudar a proteger la pérdida de la visión. Los tratamientos suelen incluir gotas para los ojos y/o cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html" id="42" language="English">Glaucoma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<site title="Cinco pruebas comunes para el glaucoma" url="https://glaucoma.org/es/articles/cinco-pruebas-comunes-para-el-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.glaucoma.org/glaucoma/diagnostic-tests.php">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para la Investigación del Glaucoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía láser (para el glaucoma)" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/glaucoma/cirugia-laser">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Bright Focus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre exámenes y pruebas de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosticando el glaucoma" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/glaucoma/diagnosticando-el-glaucoma">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Bright Focus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://glaucoma.org/es/en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://glaucoma.org/treatment/alternative-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para la Investigación del Glaucoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000060.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/glaucoma-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/glaucoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/glaucoma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma en los hispanos/latinos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/nehep-pdfs/NEHEP_Glaucoma_in_Hispanics_Infographic_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma: Guía de medicamentos" url="https://glaucoma.org/es/informacion-sobre-glaucoma/recursos-para-pacientes/guia-de-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://glaucoma.org/treatment/resources/medication">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para la Investigación del Glaucoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de glaucoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-glaucoma/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glaucoma-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de glaucoma" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/glaucoma/tipos-de-glaucoma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Bright Focus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de glaucoma" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/glaucoma/tipos-de-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/glaucoma/types-glaucoma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tonometría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003447.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Ayuda la marihuana a tratar el glaucoma u otras afecciones oculares?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/marihuana-medicinal-y-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/medical-marijuana-glaucoma-treament">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el glaucoma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The spread of a disease does not stop at a country's borders. Read about the common diseases that impact global health such as HIV and malaria." title="Global Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/globalhealth.html" id="3738" language="English" date-created="03/16/2004">
<also-called>International health</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The spread of a disease doesn't stop at a country's borders. With more people living in crowded cities and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html"&gt;traveling&lt;/a&gt; to other countries, it's easier for germs to spread. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;Infectious diseases&lt;/a&gt; that start in one part of the world can quickly reach another part of the world. Some of the major diseases currently affecting countries around the globe include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html"&gt;malaria&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Besides the spread of diseases, there are other global health challenges. Resistance to medicines such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; is on the rise. That makes it harder to treat certain diseases. Natural and man-made disasters create refugee populations with immediate and long-term health problems. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html"&gt;Climate change&lt;/a&gt; and not enough access to food and safe water are also global problems which can affect people's health. Many countries and health organizations are working together and sharing information on these and other health issues.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/globalhealth.html" id="3739" language="Spanish">Salud global</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014943">Global Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/globalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>International health</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Global Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Global+Health%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Global Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Global Health Observatory (GHO)" url="https://www.who.int/data/gho">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic" url="https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-global-hiv-aids-epidemic/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunization Coverage" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Onchocerciasis" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Global Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Global+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Top 10 Causes of Death in the World" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Neglected Tropical Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/neglected-tropical-diseases-types">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El azúcar en la sangre, también llamada &quot;glucosa&quot;, proviene de los alimentos que consume y es su principal fuente de energía." title="Glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html" id="6122" language="Spanish" date-created="04/10/2013">
<also-called>Azúcar en la sangre</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la glucosa en sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La glucosa en sangre, o azúcar en la sangre, es el azúcar principal que se encuentra en la sangre. Es la principal fuente de energía de su cuerpo. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Su cuerpo descompone la mayor parte de ese alimento en glucosa y la libera en el torrente sanguíneo. Cuando su glucosa en sangre sube, le indica a su páncreas que libere insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células para ser utilizada como energía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de glucosa en la sangre son demasiado altos. Cuando tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina, no puede usarla tan bien como debería, o ambas cosas a la vez. Eso provoca que demasiada glucosa permanezca en la sangre y no llegue a las células. Con el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;problemas de salud&lt;/a&gt; serios (llamadas complicaciones de la diabetes). Por ello, si tiene diabetes, es importante mantener sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre dentro de su rango objetivo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los objetivos de glucosa en sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, su objetivo de glucosa en sangre (objetivo glucémico) es el rango que intenta alcanzar en lo posible. Los objetivos típicos son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antes de una comida: 80 a 130 mg/dL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dos horas después del comienzo de una comida: Menos de 180 mg/dL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sus objetivos de glucosa en sangre pueden ser diferentes según su edad, algún problema de salud adicional que tenga y otros factores. Hable con su equipo de atención médica sobre el mejor rango objetivo para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo y cómo debo controlar mi glucosa en sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, es probable que deba controlar su glucosa en sangre todos los días para asegurarse de que sus valores de glucosa en sangre se encuentren en su rango objetivo. Algunas personas pueden necesitar controlar su glucosa en sangre varias veces al día. Pregúntele a su equipo de atención médica con qué frecuencia debe revisarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La forma más común de verificar su nivel de glucosa en sangre en el hogar es con un medidor de glucosa en sangre. Un medidor de glucosa en sangre mide la cantidad de glucosa en una pequeña muestra de sangre, generalmente de la punta de su dedo.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG) es otra forma de verificar sus niveles de glucosa. La mayoría de los sistemas de MCG utilizan un pequeño sensor que se inserta debajo de la piel. El sensor mide su nivel de glucosa cada pocos minutos. Puede mostrar cambios en su nivel de glucosa durante el día y la noche. Un sistema de MCG es especialmente útil para las personas que usan insulina y tienen problemas de glucosa en sangre baja.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud también controlará su glucosa en sangre con un análisis de sangre llamado hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html"&gt;A1C&lt;/a&gt;). Este comprueba su nivel promedio de glucosa en sangre durante los últimos tres meses. En general, las personas con diabetes se hacen una prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada al menos dos veces al año. Pero es posible que necesite la prueba con más frecuencia si no cumple con sus objetivos de tratamiento de la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre si mi nivel de glucosa en sangre es demasiado alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La glucemia alta se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html"&gt;hiperglucemia&lt;/a&gt;. Los síntomas de que sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre pueden ser demasiado altos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de sed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse cansado o débil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orinar con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visión borrosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene a menudo niveles altos de glucosa en sangre o síntomas de niveles altos de glucosa en sangre, hable con su equipo de atención médica. Es posible que necesite un cambio en su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;plan de alimentación&lt;/a&gt; para la diabetes, plan de actividad física o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El nivel alto de glucosa en la sangre también puede ser causado por otros trastornos que pueden afectar los niveles de insulina o glucosa en la sangre. Estas afecciones incluyen problemas con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html"&gt;páncreas&lt;/a&gt; o las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html"&gt;glándulas suprarrenales&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre si mi nivel de glucosa en sangre se vuelve bajo para mí?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html"&gt;hipoglucemia&lt;/a&gt;, también llamada bajo nivel de glucosa en la sangre, ocurre cuando su nivel de glucosa en la sangre cae por debajo de lo que es saludable para usted. Para muchas personas con diabetes, esto significa una lectura de glucosa en sangre inferior a 70 mg/dL. Su cifra puede ser diferente, por lo que consulte con su equipo de atención médica para averiguar qué nivel de glucosa en sangre es bajo para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre tienden a aparecer rápidamente. Los síntomas pueden ser diferentes para cada persona, pero pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Agitación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudoración&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nerviosismo o ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad o confusión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hambre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niveles bajos de glucosa en sangre pueden ser comunes en las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; que toman ciertos medicamentos para la diabetes. Si piensa que puede tener un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre, verifique su nivel aunque no tenga síntomas. Un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre puede ser peligroso y debe tratarse lo antes posible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque es raro, aún puede tener un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre sin tener diabetes. Las causas pueden incluir afecciones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad del hígado&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad renal&lt;/a&gt; y deficiencias &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonales&lt;/a&gt; (falta de ciertas hormonas). Algunos medicamentos, como ciertas medicinas para el corazón y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, también pueden causarlo. Consulte a su proveedor para averiguar la causa de su nivel bajo de glucosa en sangre y cómo tratarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121" language="English">Blood Glucose</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html" id="3671">Carbohidratos en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html" id="3049">Dieta para diabéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html" id="6126">Hiperglucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html" id="1966">Hipoglucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4936">Medicinas para la diabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Azúcar en la sangre</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de azúcar en sangre: Por qué, cuándo, y cómo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/blood-sugar/art-20046628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/blood-sugar/ART-20046628?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Glucosa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-glucose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-glucose.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayunar para una prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ayunar-para-una-prueba-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida/conozca-niveles-azucar-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/know-blood-sugar-numbers">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes: Cómo el estilo de vida y la rutina diaria afectan el nivel de azúcar en sangre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/art-20047963?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/ART-20047963?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes: Las nuevas tecnologías pueden hacer que sea más fácil" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-de-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/managing-diabetes">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100220_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100220_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del azúcar en sangre cuando tienes una diabetes tipo 1" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/diabetes-control.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/diabetes-control.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controlar el azúcar en sangre de su hijo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/track-blood-sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/track-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000086_118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000086_31.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo monitorear su nivel de azúcar en la sangre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-monitorear-su-nivel-de-azucar-en-la-sangre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/monitoring-your-blood-sugar-level/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar de manera segura los medidores de glucosa y las tiras reactivas para la diabetes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-usar-de-manera-segura-los-medidores-de-glucosa-y-las-tiras-reactivas-para-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-safely-use-glucose-meters-and-test-strips-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y el ejercicio: Cuándo controlar tu nivel de azúcar en sangre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-and-exercise/art-20045697?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-and-exercise/ART-20045697?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de A1C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003482.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glucemia en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000324.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000324.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glucosa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003581.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucosa media estimada (eAG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000966.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000966.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer más llevaderos los pinchazos en los dedos y las inyecciones de insulina en los niños con diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/injections-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/injections-tests.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indice glucémico y diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000941.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal sueño está relacionado con un mayor nivel de azúcar en sangre" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-mal-sueno-esta-relacionado-con-un-mayor-nivel-de-azucar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de los niveles de azúcar en la sangre" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/treatment/manejo-de-los-niveles-de-azucar-en-la-sangre.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de su glucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000086.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medidor de glucosa" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/su-medidor-de-glucosa-your-glucose-meter" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/your-glucose-meter">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de glucemia durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007562.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reducir los riesgos para la salud de los turnos de noche" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reducir-los-riesgos-para-la-salud-de-los-turnos-de-noche">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gluten sensitivity or intolerance is different from celiac disease, though some symptoms may be similar. Find information here on gluten-free diets." title="Gluten Sensitivity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/glutensensitivity.html" id="6244" language="English" date-created="07/06/2015">
<also-called>Gluten Intolerance</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. It is found mainly in foods. But it may also be in other products like medicines, vitamins, and supplements. People with gluten sensitivity have problems with gluten. Gluten sensitivity may sometimes be called non-celiac gluten sensitivity or gluten intolerance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gluten sensitivity is different from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html"&gt;celiac disease&lt;/a&gt;. Both involve problems with gluten. They can also cause some of the same symptoms, such as &lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;. But celiac disease causes damage to the small intestine. Gluten sensitivity does not.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Wheat allergy, a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"&gt;food allergy&lt;/a&gt;, is also different from gluten sensitivity and celiac disease. A wheat allergy can cause some different symptoms, such as itchy eyes or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;. A wheat allergy does not damage the small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to abdominal pain and fatigue, gluten sensitivity can cause digestive symptoms. They may include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;. You may also have other symptoms such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headaches&lt;/a&gt;, joint pain, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Researchers are still learning more about gluten sensitivity. If your health care provider thinks you have it, they may suggest that you stop eating gluten to see if your symptoms go away. However, you should first be tested to make sure that you don't have celiac disease. This may be done with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/celiac-disease-screening/"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsies&lt;/a&gt; of the small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of gluten sensitivity usually get better with a gluten-free diet. But it's important to make sure that you are still getting enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fiber&lt;/a&gt;. Your provider or a dietician can help you plan your diet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glutensensitivity.html" id="6245" language="Spanish">Sensibilidad al gluten</language-mapped-topic>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glutensensitivity.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897">Celiac Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gluten Intolerance</see-reference>
<site title="'Gluten-Free' Means What It Says" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/gluten-free-means-what-it-says" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/si-dice-sin-gluten-significa-que-no-tiene-gluten">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="4-Week Gluten-Free Meal Plan" url="https://gluten.org/2021/01/05/4-week-gluten-free-meal-plan/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/food-allergies-and-sensitivities/celiac-disease-and-gluten-intolerance" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/food-allergies-and-sensitivities/celiac-disease-and-gluten-intolerance">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gluten Sensitivity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gluten+Sensitivity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating Out: 7 Tips For Staying Gluten-Free" url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/18/restaurant-dining-seven-tips-for-staying-gluten-free/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Healthcare Practitioner" url="https://celiac.org/about-celiac-disease/find-a-healthcare-practitioner/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Celiac Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting Started on a Gluten-Free Diet" url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/14/getting-started-on-a-gluten-free-diet/" language-mapped-url="https://gluten.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EDU_Getting-Started-on-a-GF-Diet-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gluten Intolerance Group" url="https://gluten.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gluten Sensitivity" url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/15/gluten-sensitivity/" language-mapped-url="https://gluten.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/EDU_GS-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gluten-Free Diet: Facts and Myths" url="https://gluten.org/2019/12/16/the-gluten-free-diet-facts-and-myths/" language-mapped-url="https://gluten.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/EDU_Facts-and-Myths-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gluten-Free Diet: Nutrition and Healthy Eating" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gluten-free-diet/art-20048530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gluten-free-diet/art-20048530?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gluten-Free Labeling of Foods" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods/gluten-free-labeling-foods">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about gluten-free diets" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000813.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity" url="https://celiac.org/about-celiac-disease/related-conditions/non-celiac-wheat-gluten-sensitivity/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Celiac Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parenting a Child with Celiac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity" url="https://gluten.org/parent-toolkit/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sources of Gluten" url="https://celiac.org/gluten-free-living/what-is-gluten/sources-of-gluten/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Celiac Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Gluten and What Does It Do?" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/what-is-gluten-and-what-does-it-do">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know About Gluten Sensitivity" url="https://gluten.org/2021/12/27/what-you-need-to-know-about-gluten-sensitivity/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gonorrea puede contraerse a través del sexo vaginal, oral o anal. Infórmese sobre síntomas en mujeres y en hombres y su tratamiento." title="Gonorrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html" id="3020" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La gonorrea es una &lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt;. Es más común en los adultos jóvenes. La bacteria que causa la gonorrea puede infectar el tracto genital, la boca o el ano. Puede contraerse a través del sexo vaginal, oral o anal con una pareja infectada. Una mujer embarazada puede transmitírsela a su bebé durante el parto. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas veces, la gonorrea no provoca síntomas. En los hombres, la gonorrea puede causar dolor al orinar y secreción proveniente del pene. De no tratarse, puede causar problemas en la próstata y testículos.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En las mujeres, los primeros síntomas de gonorrea generalmente son leves. A medida que pasa el tiempo, puede provocar hemorragias entre los períodos menstruales, dolor al orinar y aumento de las secreciones vaginales. De no tratarse, puede provocar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica&lt;/a&gt;, que causa problemas en el embarazo e infertilidad.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede diagnosticar la gonorrea con exámenes de laboratorio. El tratamiento consiste en antibióticos. El tratamiento se está volviendo más difícil a raíz del aumento de cepas resistentes a los medicamentos. El uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la gonorrea. Si su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html" id="3019" language="English">Gonorrhea</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca de la gonorrea" url="https://www.cdc.gov/gonorrhea/es/about/acerca-de-la-gonorrea.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/gonorrhea/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis gonocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000453.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de secreción uretral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003759.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epididimitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gonococcal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gonococcal.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007267.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrea" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/gonorrhea" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/gonorrhea">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrea" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/la-gonorrea/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gonorrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gonorrea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gonorrhea-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram de secreción uretral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003749.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease that men and women can get. It doesn't always cause symptoms. Read about testing, prevention, and treatment." title="Gonorrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html" id="3019" language="English" date-created="12/02/2002">
<also-called>The clap</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Gonorrhea is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI).  It is most common in young adults. The bacteria that cause gonorrhea can infect the genital tract, mouth, or anus. You can get gonorrhea during vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner.   A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby during childbirth.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Gonorrhea does not always cause symptoms. In men, gonorrhea can cause pain when urinating and discharge from the penis. If untreated, it can cause problems with the prostate and testicles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In women, the early symptoms of gonorrhea often are mild. Later, it can cause bleeding between periods, pain when urinating, and increased discharge from the vagina. If untreated, it can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html"&gt;pelvic inflammatory disease&lt;/a&gt;, which causes problems with pregnancy and infertility.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider will diagnose gonorrhea with lab tests. Treatment is with antibiotics. Treating gonorrhea is becoming more difficult because drug-resistant strains are increasing. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading gonorrhea. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html" id="3020" language="Spanish">Gonorrea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006069">Gonorrhea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Clap</see-reference>
<site title="About Gonorrhea" url="https://www.cdc.gov/gonorrhea/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/gonorrhea/es/about/acerca-de-la-gonorrea.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/chlamydia-gonorrhea-and-syphilis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gonorrhea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gonorrhea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug-Resistant Gonorrhea" url="https://www.cdc.gov/gonorrhea/hcp/drug-resistant/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocervical Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epididymitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonococcal arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000453.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrhea" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/gonorrhea" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/gonorrhea">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrhea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007267.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrhea (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-gonorrhea.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrhea Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gonorrhea-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gonorrea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gram stain of urethral discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003749.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Gonorrhea Infection" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/primary-infection-gonorrhea?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonorrhea" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gonorrhea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rectal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003759.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethral discharge culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gota es una forma común y dolorosa de artritis. Produce hinchazón, enrojecimiento, calor y rigidez en las articulaciones. Síntomas y su control." title="Gota" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html" id="1925" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la gota?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La gota es un tipo común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt; inflamatoria. Provoca dolor, inflamación y enrojecimiento en una o más articulaciones. En general, ocurre como un ataque, que puede durar una semana o dos y luego mejora. Los ataques suelen comenzar en el dedo gordo del pie o en una extremidad inferior.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la gota?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La gota ocurre cuando se acumula demasiado ácido úrico (urato) en el cuerpo durante un período prolongado. El ácido úrico es un producto de desecho que el cuerpo produce cuando descompone purinas, sustancias que se encuentran en los tejidos del cuerpo y en muchos alimentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando su cuerpo descompone células viejas o digiere alimentos que contienen purina, la mayor parte del ácido úrico que se produce se disuelve en la sangre. Los riñones filtran el ácido úrico de la sangre y este sale del cuerpo a través de la orina.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, en ocasiones su cuerpo puede producir demasiado ácido úrico o no eliminarlo en cantidad suficiente. Entonces los niveles de ácido úrico aumentan en su cuerpo. Tener demasiado ácido úrico en la sangre se conoce como hiperuricemia. No causa problemas de salud a todas las personas, pero en algunas, el ácido úrico forma cristales que parecen agujas. Pueden formarse en las articulaciones, lo que causa gota. Los cristales también pueden provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html"&gt;cálculos renales&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La artritis por pirofosfato de calcio, a veces llamada pseudogota, es una enfermedad relacionada. Provoca síntomas similares y en ocasiones se confunde con gota. Pero es causada por una acumulación de fosfato de calcio, no de ácido úrico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener gota?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas desarrollan gota. Es más probable que la tenga si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es mayor (generalmente se desarrolla en la mediana edad)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Afecciones que hacen que las células se descompongan más rápidamente, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt; o algunos cánceres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos genéticos raros que conducen a un aumento del ácido úrico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de gota&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una dieta poco saludable y consume alimentos ricos en purinas, como carnes rojas, vísceras y ciertos mariscos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bebe alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consume muchos alimentos y bebidas que contienen fructosa (un tipo de azúcar)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma ciertos medicamentos, como diuréticos (pastillas para eliminar el agua), aspirina en dosis bajas y algunos medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma altas cantidades de niacina (vitamina B3)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gota?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La gota suele aparecer en una sola articulación a la vez. A menudo ocurre en el dedo gordo del pie, pero también puede afectar otras articulaciones, incluyendo los otros dedos, el tobillo y la rodilla.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los ataques de gota suelen comenzar repentinamente por la noche y los síntomas en la articulación afectada suelen incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor intenso, que puede ser lo suficientemente fuerte como para despertarlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enrojecimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calor en el área afectada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los brotes suelen mejorar en una semana o dos. Entre los ataques, normalmente no ocurren síntomas. Algunas personas pueden tener ataques frecuentes, mientras que otras pueden no tener otro ataque durante años. Pero con el tiempo, si no se tratan, estos pueden ocurrir más seguidos y durar más.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Y si la gota no se trata durante largos períodos de tiempo, se puede desarrollar tofos. Los tofos son depósitos duros de ácido úrico debajo de la piel. Al principio son indoloros, pero con el tiempo pueden causar dolor. También pueden provocar daños a los huesos y tejidos blandos y deformar las articulaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la gota?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene gota, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo un examen de las articulaciones afectadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar diversas pruebas, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un análisis de una muestra de líquido de una de sus articulaciones dolorosas. El líquido se examina bajo un microscopio y se comprueba si hay cristales de ácido úrico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una prueba de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-urico/"&gt;ácido úrico en sangre u orina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; especial para buscar acumulación de cristales de ácido úrico en la articulación afectada y detectar otras afecciones que puedan estar causando los síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gota?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay tratamientos efectivos para la gota. El tratamiento que reciba depende de sus síntomas y de la causa de la afección. Los objetivos del tratamiento son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reducir el dolor de los ataques de gota&lt;/strong&gt; mediante el uso de medicamentos como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) como el ibuprofeno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Acetaminofén y el fármaco antiinflamatorio colchicina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;Corticoides&lt;/a&gt; orales o inyectados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prevenir futuros ataques,&lt;/strong&gt; por ejemplo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haciendo cambios en el estilo de vida, como bajar de peso, limitar el consumo de alcohol y evitar alimentos con alto contenido de purinas. Si está tomando medicamentos que pueden causar niveles altos de ácido úrico en la sangre, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que suspenda o cambie esos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si es necesario, tomar medicamentos para reducir el ácido úrico en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prevenir los tofos y los cálculos renales,&lt;/strong&gt; por ejemplo, con medicamentos que reducen el ácido úrico en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con un diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento y cambios en el estilo de vida, la gota es una de las formas de artritis más controlables. El tratamiento y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a las personas a evitar los ataques de gota, disminuir sus síntomas y, en ocasiones, incluso liberarse de la gota.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html" id="264" language="English">Gout</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757">Artritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hiperuricemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seudogota</see-reference>
<site title="Afligidos por la gota: Evite el dolor y la agonía" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/afligidos-por-la-gota">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="AINEs: Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/aines-medicamentos-antiinflamatorios-no-esteroides" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/nsaids-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003629.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis por pirofosfato cálcico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000421.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para la gota" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuréticos y gota: ¿Qué relación existe entre ambos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/faq-20058146?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/FAQ-20058146?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gota" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/gota" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/gout">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gota" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000061.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gota" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/gota-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/gout.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gota" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000422.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones (aspiraciones) articulares" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ácido úrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-urico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/uric-acid-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seudogota" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pseudogout/symptoms-causes/syc-20376983?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Gota o pseudogota?" url="https://espanol.arthritis.org/diseases/more-about/gout-or-pseudogout">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de la Artritis</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la gota?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/gota" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/gout">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido úrico en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003616.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido úrico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003476.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Gout or gouty arthritis causes swollen, red, stiff joints. Gout is common but can be hard to diagnose. Get the facts on gout symptoms and treatment.  " title="Gout" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html" id="264" language="English" date-created="06/10/1999">
<also-called>Gouty arthritis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is gout?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gout is a common type of inflammatory &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt;. It causes pain, swelling, and redness in one or more joints. It usually happens as a flare, which can last for a week or two and then gets better. The flares often begin in your big toe or a lower limb.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes gout?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gout happens when too much uric acid (urate) builds up in your body over a long time. Uric acid is a waste product your body makes when it breaks down purines. Purines are substances that are in your body's tissues and in many foods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When your body breaks down old cells or digests foods that contain purine, most of the uric acid that's made dissolves in your blood. Your kidneys filter the uric acid out of your blood, and it leaves your body in your urine (pee).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, sometimes your body can make too much uric acid or does not remove enough of it. Then the uric acid levels build up in your body, including in your blood. Having too much uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia. It does not cause health problems for everyone. But in some people, uric acid forms needle-like crystals. They can form in your joints, which causes gout. The crystals can also cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html"&gt;kidney stones&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis, sometimes called pseudogout, is a related disease. It causes similar symptoms and is sometimes confused with gout. But it is caused by a buildup of calcium phosphate, not uric acid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop gout? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many people develop gout. You are more likely to get it if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are male.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older; it usually develops in middle age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain health conditions, such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Conditions that cause your cells to break down more quickly, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt; or some cancers&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Rare genetic conditions that lead to increased uric acid&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of gout.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an unhealthy diet and eat foods that are rich in purines, such as red meat, organ meats, certain seafoods.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink alcohol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat and drink lots of foods and beverages that contain fructose (a type of sugar).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take certain medicines, such as diuretics (water pills), low-dose aspirin, and some medicines that weaken your immune system.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take high amounts of niacin (vitamin B-3).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of gout?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gout usually happens in only one joint at a time. It is often found in the big toe, but can also affect other joints, including your other toes, ankle, and knee.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gout flares often start suddenly at night, and the symptoms in the affected joint often include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intense pain, which may be bad enough to wake you up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Redness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Warmth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The flares typically get better within a week or two. In between flares, you usually don't have symptoms. Some people may have flares often, while others may not have another flare for years. But over time, if left untreated, your flares may happen more often and last longer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And if gout is untreated over long periods of time, you can develop tophi. Tophi are hard, uric acid deposits under the skin. They start out as painless, but over time, they can become painful. They can also cause bone and soft tissue damage and misshapen joints.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is gout diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have gout, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, including examining the affected joint(s).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order various tests, such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A test of a sample of fluid from one of your painful joints. The fluid is examined under a microscope and is checked for uric acid crystals.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/uric-acid-test/"&gt;uric acid blood or urine test&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; or special &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; to look for uric acid crystal buildup in the affected joint and check for other conditions that may be causing the symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for gout?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are effective treatments for gout. Which treatment you get will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your gout. The goals of your treatment will be to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduce the pain from gout flares,&lt;/strong&gt; by using medicines such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Acetaminophen and the anti-inflammatory drug colchicine.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Oral or injected &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prevent future flares,&lt;/strong&gt; for example by:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Making lifestyle changes such as losing weight, limiting alcohol, and avoiding foods high in purines. If you are taking medicines that can cause high uric acid in the blood, your provider may suggest stopping or changing those medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If needed, taking medicines to lower uric acid in the blood.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prevent tophi and kidney stones,&lt;/strong&gt; for example with medicines that lower uric acid in the blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With early diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle changes, gout is one of the most controllable forms of arthritis. Treatment and lifestyle changes may help people avoid gout flares, lessen their symptoms, and sometimes even become gout free.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html" id="1925" language="Spanish">Gota</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006073">Gout</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gout.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gout.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gout.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gout.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23">Arthritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chondrocalcinosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyperuricemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pseudogout</see-reference>
<site title="Arthritis by the Numbers: Book of Trusted Facts and Figures" url="https://www.arthritis.org/getmedia/73a9f02d-7f91-4084-91c3-0ed0b11c5814/abtn-2020-final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000421.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-cppd">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chondrocalcinosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chondrocalcinosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gout" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gout%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diuretics and Gout: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/FAQ-20058146?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/faq-20058146?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gout" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/gout" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/gota">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gout" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/gout" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/gota">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gout" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/gout?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gout" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000422.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gout Diet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gout or Pseudogout?" url="https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/more-about/gout-or-pseudogout">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gout: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gout">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Joint Injections (Joint Aspirations)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/nsaids-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/aines-medicamentos-antiinflamatorios-no-esteroides">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/phosphoribosylpyrophosphate-synthetase-superactivity">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gout" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gout%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="REN-related kidney disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ren-related-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Synovial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Fluid Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Synovial fluid analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003629.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uric acid - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003476.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uric Acid Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/uric-acid-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-urico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uric acid urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003616.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uromodulin-associated kidney disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-tubulointerstitial-kidney-disease-umod">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La granulomatosis con poliangeítis (antes llamada granulomatosis de Wegener) es un tipo de vasculitis o inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos." title="Granulomatosis con poliangeítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html" id="2226" language="Spanish" date-created="01/21/2008">
<also-called>Granulomatosis de Wegener</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La granulomatosis con poliangeítis, conocida anteriormente como granulomatosis de Wegener, es una enfermedad rara. Es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html"&gt;vasculitis&lt;/a&gt; o inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. La inflamación limita el flujo de sangre hacia órganos importantes y provoca daños. Puede afectar cualquier órgano, pero afecta principalmente los senos paranasales, la nariz, la tráquea, los pulmones y los riñones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa de la granulomatosis con poliangeítis. Puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad. Hombres y mujeres la sufren por igual. Es más común en caucásicos. Los síntomas pueden incluir dolor de las articulaciones, debilidad, cansancio y síntomas gripales como secreción nasal que no mejora. Los médicos utilizan análisis de sangre, radiografías de tórax y biopsias para diagnosticar la enfermedad y descartar otras causas según los síntomas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento temprano es importante. La mayoría de las personas mejora con medicinas reducen o detienen la inflamación. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html" id="1447" language="English">Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Granulomatosis de Wegener</see-reference>
<see-reference>Wegener</see-reference>
<site title="Exploración TAC de tórax" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestct">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis con poliangitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351088?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351088?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis con poliangitis (granulomatosis de Wegener)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/granulomatosis-con-poliangitis-granulomatosis-de-wegener" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-wegeners">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis con poliangitis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351093?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliangitis granulomatosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000135.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos frente al citoplasma de los neutrófilos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-frente-al-citoplasma-de-los-neutrofilos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibodies-anca-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis is a type of vasculitis, or inflammation of the blood vessels." title="Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html" id="1447" language="English" date-created="03/21/2001">
<also-called>GPA</also-called>
<also-called>Wegener's Granulomatosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a rare disease. It is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html"&gt;vasculitis&lt;/a&gt;, or inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation limits the flow of blood to important organs, causing damage. It can affect any organ, but it mainly affects the sinuses, nose, trachea (windpipe), lungs, and kidneys. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cause of GPA is unknown.  It can affect people at any age. Men and women are equally affected. It is more common in whites. Symptoms may include joint pain, weakness, tiredness, and cold symptoms such as a runny nose that doesn't get better. Doctors use blood tests, chest X-rays, and biopsies to diagnose GPA and rule out other causes of the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Early treatment is important. Most people improve with medicines to slow or stop the inflammation. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html" id="2226" language="Spanish">Granulomatosis con poliangeítis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014890">Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Wegener's Granulomatosis</see-reference>
<site title="Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibodies-anca-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-frente-al-citoplasma-de-los-neutrofilos/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Granulomatosis+with+Polyangiitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis-treatments/cyclophosphamide-cytoxan/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis with polyangiitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000135.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-wegeners" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/granulomatosis-con-poliangitis-granulomatosis-de-wegener">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351088?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351088?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Granulomatosis+with+Polyangiitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis Terms A to Z" url="https://www.vasculitisfoundation.org/resources/glossary/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Vasculitis Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La grasa es un tipo de nutriente. Consumir demasiadas hará que suba de peso. Aquí la diferencia entre los tipos de grasas. " title="Grasas en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html" id="3594" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La grasa es un tipo de nutriente. Usted necesita un poco de grasa en su dieta pero no demasiada. La grasa es una fuente de energía y ayuda al cuerpo a absorber vitaminas. También tiene un rol importante en los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todas las grasas son iguales. Usted debe intentar evitar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las grasas saturadas como la mantequilla, grasa sólida y grasa de cerdo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las grasas &lt;em&gt;trans&lt;/em&gt;, que se encuentran en las grasas vegetales, ciertas margarinas, galletas saladas y dulces, los bocadillos y otras comidas hechas o fritas con aceites parcialmente hidrogenados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Trate de reemplazar estas grasas por aceites como el de canola, oliva, cártamo, sésamo y girasol. Por supuesto, consumir demasiadas grasas hará que suba de peso. La grasa tiene el doble de calorías que las proteínas o hidratos de carbono.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593" language="English">Dietary Fats</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1942">Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html" id="4278">Triglicéridos</related-topic>
<site title="Cálculo de grasas y calorías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fat-calories.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fat-calories.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos sobre las grasas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos sobre las grasas trans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Explicación de las grasas en la alimentación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa en la dieta: Qué es bueno y qué es malo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/grasa-en-la-dieta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas dietéticas y colesterol" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-colesterol-y-las-grasas/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/dietary-fat-and-cholesterol/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas omega-3: Buenas para su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre las grasas monoinsaturadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre las grasas saturadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo delgado sobre la grasa: Lo bueno, lo malo y lo desconocido" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/lo-delgado-sobre-la-grasa" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/skinny-fat">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantequilla, margarina y aceites de cocina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Me preocupan las grasas saturadas: ¿Cómo puedo controlar cuánto consumo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fat-grams/faq-20058496?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/fat-grams/faq-20058496?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medidas para reducir el consumo de grasas saturadas" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/medidas-para-reducir-el-consumo-de-grasas-saturadas/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omega-3 del pescado: Por qué comer pescado ayuda al corazón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/omega-3/art-20045614?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Realidades acerca de las grasas poliinsaturadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables: Bajo en grasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué producto para untar es mejor para el corazón: la mantequilla o la margarina?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/butter-vs-margarine/faq-20058152?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/butter-vs-margarine/faq-20058152?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácidos grasos omega-3 o &quot;aceite de pescado&quot;" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/acidos-grasos-omega-3-o-aceite-de-pescado/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gripe puede causar una enfermedad seria en aultos mayores de 65 años, bebés y personas con ciertas enfermedades crónicas. La mejor manera de prevenirla es vacunándose." title="Gripe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html" id="1980" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Gripa</also-called>
<also-called>Influenza</also-called>
<also-called>Trancazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La gripe, también llamada influenza, es una infección respiratoria causada por virus. Cada año, millones de personas se enferman de gripe. En ocasiones, causa una enfermedad leve, pero también puede ser grave e incluso mortal, especialmente para personas mayores de 65 años, recién nacidos y personas con ciertas enfermedades crónicas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La gripe es causada por el virus de la influenza que se transmite de persona a persona. Cuando alguien con gripe tose, estornuda o habla, expulsa pequeñas gotas. Estas gotitas pueden caer en la boca o en la nariz de las personas que están cerca. Con menos frecuencia, una persona puede contraer la gripe al tocar una superficie u objeto que tiene el virus de la gripe y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o posiblemente los ojos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la gripe aparecen de repente y pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; o sensación de fiebre y escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Goteo o congestión nasal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolores musculares o del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt; (cansancio)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas también pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vómitos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;. Esto es más común en los niños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, las personas tienen problemas para saber si tienen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfrío&lt;/a&gt; o la gripe, pero hay diferencias entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Signos y síntomas&lt;/th&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Resfriado&lt;/th&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Gripe&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Comienzo de síntomas&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Gradual&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Repentino&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Fiebre&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Rara vez&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Dolores&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A veces (leve)&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Fatiga, debilidad&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A veces&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Rara vez&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Común&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Congestión, estornudos o dolor de garganta&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;Común&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;A veces&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;A veces, las personas dicen que tienen una "gripe" cuando realmente tienen otra cosa. Por ejemplo, la "gripe estomacal" no es gripe, sino &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas que contraen la gripe pueden desarrollar complicaciones. Algunas de ellas pueden ser graves o incluso potencialmente mortales. Estas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;Bronquitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;Infección de oído&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html"&gt;Sinusitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;Neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), cerebro (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html"&gt;encefalitis&lt;/a&gt;) o tejidos musculares (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html"&gt;miositis&lt;/a&gt;, rabdomiolisis)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La gripe también puede empeorar problemas de salud crónicos. Por ejemplo, las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; pueden tener ataques de asma mientras tienen gripe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen más probabilidades de tener complicaciones de la gripe, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores de 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Mujeres embarazadas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Niños menores de 5 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con ciertas afecciones crónicas de salud, como asma, diabetes y enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la gripe, los profesionales de la salud primero harán un historial médico y preguntarán sobre sus síntomas. Hay varias  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-gripe-influenza/"&gt;pruebas para la gripe&lt;/a&gt;. Su profesional médico le pasará un hisopo por el interior de la nariz o la parte posterior de la garganta. Luego se examinará el hisopo para detectar el virus de la gripe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas pruebas son rápidas y tienen los resultados entre 15 y 20 minutos. Pero estas no son tan precisas como otras pruebas, las que pueden demorarse una o varias horas en tener los resultados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con gripe se recuperan solas sin atención médica. Las personas con casos leves de gripe deben quedarse en casa y evitar el contacto con otras personas, excepto para recibir atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero si tiene síntomas de gripe y está en un grupo de alto riesgo o está muy enfermo o preocupado por su afección, contacte a su profesional de la salud. Es posible que necesite medicamentos antivirales para tratar su gripe. Los antivirales pueden aliviar la enfermedad y acortar el tiempo que esté enfermo. También pueden prevenir las complicaciones graves de la gripe. Por lo general, funcionan mejor cuando comienza a tomarlos dentro de los 2 días de haberse enfermado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de prevenir la gripe es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html"&gt;vacunarse&lt;/a&gt; todos los años. Pero también es importante tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;buenos hábitos&lt;/a&gt; de salud, como cubrirse la tos con el brazo y lavarse las manos con frecuencia. Esto puede ayudar a detener la propagación de gérmenes y prevenir la gripe.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299" language="English">Flu</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birdflu.html" id="4199">Gripe aviar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5189">Gripe H1N1 (gripe porcina)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832">Resfrío</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html" id="6237">Vacuna para la gripe</related-topic>
<see-reference>Flu</see-reference>
<see-reference>Influenza</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la influenza" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para tratar la gripe" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tips-take-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tips-take-care.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer, la influenza y usted" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-flu-and-you.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/resources/features/CancerFlu/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar la gripe" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Descongestivos: Medicamentos de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y la gripe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007443.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Es un buen momento para vacunarse contra la influenza" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/es-un-buen-momento-para-vacunarse-contra-la-influenza" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/its-good-time-get-your-flu-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la prevención de la gripe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000080_99.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000080_44.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de términos sobre la influenza" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/glossary/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/flu.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000080.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe (influenza)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y los estudiantes universitarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007446.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y los resfriados: En detalles" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-gripe-y-los-resfriados-en-detalles" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colds-flu-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y su bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007445.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe: ¿Deberías ir a la escuela?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/h1n1-school.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/h1n1-school.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hisopado nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Influenza (gripe)" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza y embarazo" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza y las personas de 65 años de edad o más" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/65over.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/65over.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza: Una guía para padres de niños o adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chronic/paginas/flu-a-guide-for-parents-of-children-or-adolescents-with-chronic-health-conditions.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chronic/Pages/Flu-A-Guide-for-Parents-of-Children-or-Adolescents-With-Chronic-Health-Conditions.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre la gripe" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/flu.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manos limpias ayudan a prevenir la influenza" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xvhf3dZP87U&amp;feature=BFa&amp;list=PLD08735141990CA40">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas con mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones a causa de la influenza" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Previniendo la gripe" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/previniendo-la-gripe/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/preventing-the-flu/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteja a su familia de los productos fraudulentos para la gripe" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/proteja-su-familia-de-los-productos-fraudulentos-para-la-gripe" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/protect-your-family-fraudulent-flu-products">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la gripe (influenza)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-gripe-influenza/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/flu-influenza-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resfriados y gripe en adultos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfriados y gripe en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfriados y la gripe" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/resfriados-y-la-gripe/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cold-and-flu/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de la influenza y sus complicaciones" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna para la gripe: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es gripe, COVID-19, alergias o un resfriado?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es un resfriado, una gripe o COVID-19?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-vs-cold.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vs-cold.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gripe aviar en humanos aún es muy rara, pero el virus que causa la gripe en las aves puede cambiar para infectar a los seres humanos con más facilidad." title="Gripe aviar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birdflu.html" id="4199" language="Spanish" date-created="03/21/2006">
<also-called>Gripe aviaria</also-called>
<also-called>Gripe del pollo</also-called>
<also-called>H5N1</also-called>
<also-called>H7N9</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la gripe aviar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las aves, al igual que las personas, pueden contraer la gripe. Otro nombre para la gripe aviar es influenza aviar. Los virus que causan la gripe aviar normalmente sólo infectan a las aves, incluyendo gallinas, otras aves de corral y aves silvestres como los patos. Pero, en ocasiones, los virus pueden infectar a otros animales y, en casos raros, a personas.
Pocos tipos de estos virus han causado la mayoría de las infecciones en personas. Estos son los virus H5N1, H7N9 y H5N6. Estas infecciones se han producido en personas principalmente en Asia, África, Europa, el Pacífico y el Cercano Oriente. Aunque es muy raro, también han habido algunas infecciones en personas en los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se contrae la gripe aviar?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Las formas más comunes de contraer la gripe aviar son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca después de manipular aves infectadas, vivas o muertas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tocar superficies o manipular artículos contaminados por los virus de la gripe aviar y luego tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respirar gotitas o polvo contaminado con el virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También es posible (pero muy raro) contraer la gripe aviar a través de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otro tipo de animal con gripe aviar. La gripe aviar también puede infectar a muchos otros animales, incluyendo perros, gatos, ciertos animales salvajes y de zoológicos, y ganado como el ganado vacuno. Estos animales luego pueden transmitir la gripe a las personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer aves, huevos y carne de res que no fueron manipulados ni cocinados adecuadamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber leche cruda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer la gripe aviar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertas personas pueden tener más probabilidades de contraer gripe aviar, entre ellas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabajadores avícolas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuidadores de animales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Biólogos de vida silvestre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabajadores de control de enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabajadores de laboratorio de investigación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Veterinarios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que viajan a países donde hay gripe aviar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gripe aviar en humanos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, la gripe aviar no causa ningún síntoma. Pero si se siente enfermo, sus síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. A menudo, los síntomas son similares a los de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt; (estacional), por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; (aunque no todas las personas presentan fiebre)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción o congestión nasal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores musculares o corporales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enrojecimiento de los ojos (conjuntivitis)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con enfermedades graves por la gripe aviar pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt; y es posible que deban ser hospitalizadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la gripe aviar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la gripe aviar se usan pruebas de laboratorio. En general, se realiza un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/"&gt;hisopado nasal o de garganta&lt;/a&gt;. Esta prueba es más precisa cuando el hisopo se recolecta durante los primeros días de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para las personas que están gravemente enfermas, los profesional es de la salud pueden realizar pruebas de una muestra diferente, como el líquido tomado durante un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/"&gt;lavado broncoalveolar&lt;/a&gt; u otro procedimiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gripe aviar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La gripe aviar se trata con medicamentos antivirales. Es importante conseguirlos lo antes posible. Los medicamentos pueden hacer que su enfermedad sea menos grave.
También es posible que le administren medicamentos antivirales si estuvo expuesto a una persona o animal con el virus. Esto puede ayudar a evitar que se enferme.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la gripe aviar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Actualmente no hay ninguna vacuna disponible para la población. El gobierno ha desarrollado un virus similar a algunos virus H5N1. El virus podría usarse para producir una vacuna para las personas, si fuera necesario.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es importante tomar precauciones para prevenir la gripe aviar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene un trabajo o pasatiempo que le pone en contacto con aves u otros animales, asegúrese de utilizar el equipo de protección adecuado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;De lo contrario, trate de evitar el contacto directo con aves silvestres y otros animales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lávese las manos con agua y jabón después de tocar pájaros u otros animales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dado que es posible contraer la gripe aviar a través de algunos alimentos, asegúrese de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;manipular y cocinar los alimentos&lt;/a&gt; de manera segura y evitar la leche cruda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birdflu.html" id="4198" language="English">Bird Flu</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Gripe del pollo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pollo, Gripe</see-reference>
<site title="Contagio de los virus de la influenza aviar A entre animales y personas" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de los animales y su salud: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gripe aviar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007263.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007263.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza aviar (de aves)" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza aviar (gripe aviar): Información para familias" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/flu/paginas/avian-flu-facts-for-families.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/flu/Pages/avian-flu-facts-for-families.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza aviar en las aves: Causas y propagación" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-birds.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-birds.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención y tratamiento antiviral del virus de influenza aviar A en personas" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus de influenza aviar tipo A" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus de la gripe aviar y otros virus de la gripe de origen zoonótico" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic)" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic)">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa las infecciones por virus de la influenza aviar en seres humanos?" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-humans.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/virus-transmission/avian-in-humans.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La gripe porcina es una infección causada por un virus. Se llama así por un virus que los cerdos contraen. Síntomas y tratamiento." title="Gripe H1N1 (gripe porcina)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5189" language="Spanish" date-created="04/27/2009">
<also-called>2009 H1N1</also-called>
<also-called>G5N</also-called>
<also-called>Gripe A</also-called>
<also-called>Gripe AH1N1</also-called>
<also-called>Gripe porcina</also-called>
<also-called>Influenza A</also-called>
<also-called>Influenza porcina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La gripe porcina es una infección causada por un virus. Se llama así por un virus que los cerdos contraen.  La gente, generalmente, no contrae esta gripe pero pueden darse infecciones. En 2009, una cepa de gripe porcina llamada H1N1 infectó a varias personas alrededor del mundo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El virus es contagioso y puede diseminarse de persona a persona. Los síntomas de la gripe porcina son similares a los síntomas de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt; común e incluyen fiebre, tos, picazón de garganta, dolor muscular, dolor de cabeza, escalofríos y fatiga. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Existen algunas medicinas antivirales que usted puede tomar para prevenir o tratar la gripe porcina y hay una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html"&gt;vacuna&lt;/a&gt; contra esta gripe. Usted puede prevenir la propagación de gérmenes que causan enfermedades respiratorias como la gripe de esta manera:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cúbrase su nariz y boca con un pañuelo cuando tosa o estornude. Tire el pañuelo a la basura una vez usado.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lávese las manos con agua y jabón, sobre todo después de toser o estornudar. También puede usar alcohol en gel.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite tocarse los ojos, nariz o boca. Así se diseminan los gérmenes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trate de evitar el contacto con gente enferma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quédese en su casa y no vaya a trabajar o a la escuela si usted está enfermo.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5188" language="English">H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>2009 H1N1</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerdo, Gripe</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chancho, Gripe</see-reference>
<see-reference>G5N</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gripa porcina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gripe A</see-reference>
<see-reference>H1N1</see-reference>
<see-reference>Influenza porcina</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la influenza porcina/variante" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/swine-flu/about/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/swine-flu/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y la gripe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007443.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de los animales y su salud: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y los estudiantes universitarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007446.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y su bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007445.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza H1N1 (gripe porcina)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007421.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunizaciones y vacunas contra la gripe para personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfriados y gripe" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/resfriados-y-gripe-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/h1n1-influenza/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna para la gripe: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Growth disorders affect a child's development. The pituitary gland makes growth hormone. Abnormal growth can signal a gland problem or disease. " title="Growth Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/growthdisorders.html" id="265" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Does your child seem much shorter - or much taller - than other kids his or her age? It could be normal. Some children may be small for their age but still be developing normally. Some children are short or tall because their parents are.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But some children have growth disorders.  Growth disorders are problems that prevent children from developing normal height, weight, sexual maturity or other features.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Very slow or very fast growth can sometimes signal a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html"&gt;gland problem&lt;/a&gt; or disease.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;The pituitary gland makes growth hormone, which stimulates the growth of bone and other tissues. Children who have too little of it may be very short. Treatment with growth hormone can stimulate growth.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;People can also have too much growth hormone.  Usually the cause is a pituitary gland tumor, which is not cancer.  Too much growth hormone can cause gigantism in children, where their bones and their body grow too much.  In adults, it can cause acromegaly, which makes the hands, feet and face larger than normal. Possible treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, medicines, and radiation therapy.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/growthdisorders.html" id="1926" language="Spanish">Trastornos de crecimiento</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006130">Growth Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/growthdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dwarfism.html" id="1244">Dwarfism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html" id="475">Endocrine Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html" id="1499">Hormones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html" id="362">Pituitary Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html" id="1504">Turner Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acromegaly</see-reference>
<see-reference>Failure to Thrive</see-reference>
<site title="Acromegaly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000321.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acromegaly" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/acromegaly">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001186.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001186.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beckwith-wiedemann-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Acromegaly" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Acromegaly%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Failure to Thrive" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Failure+to+Thrive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Growth Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Growth+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cockayne syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cockayne-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delayed growth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003021.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delayed Puberty (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/delayed-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/delayed-puberty.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="DNMT3A overgrowth syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dnmt3a-overgrowth-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Failure to thrive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Failure to Thrive (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Body Measurements" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/body-measurements.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Floating-Harbor syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/floating-harbor-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Geleophysic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/geleophysic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gigantism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001174.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001174.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth chart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Charts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/helping-child-adapt-life-chronic-kidney-disease/growth-failure-chronic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth Hormone Deficiency" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/growth-hormone-deficiency" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/deficiencia-de-la-hormona-de-crecimiento">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone deficiency - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001176.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003377.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone suppression test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003376.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003706.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Hormone Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth Problems" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/growth-hormone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/growth-hormone.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Alert: Adrenal Crisis Causes Death in Some People Who Were Treated with hGH" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/national-hormone-pituitary-program/health-alert-adrenal-crisis-causes-death-people-treated-hgh">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Does It Slow Aging?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Information for People Treated with Pituitary Human Growth Hormone" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/national-hormone-pituitary-program">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isolated growth hormone deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-growth-hormone-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laron syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/laron-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="McCune-Albright syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001217.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mosaic-variegated-aneuploidy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Noonan Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/noonan-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/noonan-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noonan syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/noonan-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Growth+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Russell-Silver syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001209.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Russell-Silver syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/russell-silver-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Short stature" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003271.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003271.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething delay: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/short-stature-hyperextensibility-hernia-ocular-depression-rieger-anomaly-and-teething-delay">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sotos Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/sotos-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sotos syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sotos-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles: Boys, 2 to 20 Years" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l021.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles: Girls 2 to 20 Years" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c022.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l030.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Warsaw breakage syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/warsaw-breakage-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weaver syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/weaver-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wiedemann-rautenstrauch-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked acrogigantism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-acrogigantism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-spondyloepiphyseal-dysplasia-tarda">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Bone Age Study (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Good posture is important for your health as well as you appearance. Get tips on improving your posture, whether you are sitting, standing, or moving." title="Guide to Good Posture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html" id="6681" language="English" date-created="10/25/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Good posture is about more than standing up straight so you can look your best. It is an important part of your long-term health. Making sure that you hold your body the right way, whether you are moving or still, can prevent pain, injuries, and other health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is posture?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Posture is how you hold your body. There are two types:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dynamic posture&lt;/strong&gt; is how you hold yourself when you are moving, like when you are walking, running, or bending over to pick up something.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Static posture&lt;/strong&gt; is how you hold yourself when you are not moving, like when you are sitting, standing, or sleeping.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to make sure that you have good dynamic and static posture.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The key to good posture is the position of your spine. Your spine has three natural curves - at your neck, mid back, and low back. Correct posture should maintain these curves, but not increase them. Your head should be above your shoulders, and the top of your shoulder should be over the hips.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can posture affect my health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Poor posture can be bad for your health. Slouching or slumping over can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Misalign your musculoskeletal system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear away at your spine, making it more fragile and prone to injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cause neck, shoulder, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decrease your flexibility&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Affect how well your joints move&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Affect your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt; and increase your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falling&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make it harder to digest your food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make it harder to breathe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I improve my posture in general?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be mindful of your posture&lt;/strong&gt; during everyday activities, like watching television, washing dishes, or walking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stay active.&lt;/strong&gt; Any kind of exercise may help improve your posture, but certain types of exercises can be especially helpful. They include yoga, tai chi, and other classes that focuses on body awareness. It is also a good idea to do exercises that strengthen your core (muscles around your back, abdomen, and pelvis).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maintain a healthy weight.&lt;/strong&gt; Extra weight can weaken your abdominal muscles, cause problems for your pelvis and spine, and contribute to low back pain. All of these can hurt your posture.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wear comfortable, low-heeled shoes.&lt;/strong&gt; High heels, for example, can throw off your balance and force you to walk differently. This puts more stress on your muscles and harms your posture.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make sure work surfaces are at a comfortable height&lt;/strong&gt; for you, whether you're sitting in front of a computer, making dinner, or eating a meal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I improve my posture when sitting?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many Americans spend a lot of their time sitting - either at work, at school, or at home. It is important to sit properly, and to take frequent breaks:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Switch sitting positions&lt;/strong&gt; often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Take brief walks&lt;/strong&gt; around your office or home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gently stretch your muscles&lt;/strong&gt; every so often to help relieve muscle tension&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't cross your legs;&lt;/strong&gt; keep your feet on the floor, with your ankles in front of your knees&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make sure that your feet touch the floor,&lt;/strong&gt; or if that's not possible, use a footrest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Relax your shoulders;&lt;/strong&gt; they should not be rounded or pulled backwards&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep your elbows in close to your body.&lt;/strong&gt; They should be bent between 90 and 120 degrees.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make sure that your back is fully supported.&lt;/strong&gt; Use a back pillow or other back support if your chair does not have a backrest that can support your lower back's curve.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make sure that your thighs and hips are supported.&lt;/strong&gt; You should have a well-padded seat, and your thighs and hips should be parallel to the floor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManSitting.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanSitting3.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I improve my posture when standing?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stand up straight and tall&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep your shoulders back&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pull your stomach in&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Put your weight mostly on the balls of your feet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep your head level&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Let your arms hang down naturally at your sides&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep your feet about shoulder-width apart&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManStanding.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanStanding2.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With practice, you can improve your posture; you will look and feel better.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html" id="6682" language="Spanish">Guía para una buena postura</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011187">Posture</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Posture</see-reference>
<site title="Axial Extension (Posture Exercise)" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/exercise-and-weight/exercise-at-home/axial-extension">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Good Working Positions" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/positions">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting It Straight: Improve Your Posture for Better Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Maintaining Good Posture" url="https://www.acatoday.org/patients/posture/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Chiropractic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003025.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003025.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevent Back Pain" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/safety/prevent-back-pain" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/precauciones-seguridad/prevenir-dolor-espalda">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Good Posture" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Posture%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Blade Squeeze (Posture Exercise)" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/exercise-and-weight/exercise-at-home/shoulder-blade-squeeze">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking care of your back at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002119.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yoga for health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) causes your immune system to attack your peripheral nervous system. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and what can help." title="Guillain-Barre Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html" id="1234" language="English" date-created="06/28/2000">
<also-called>Acute idiopathic polyneuritis</also-called>
<also-called>Acute inflammatory polyneuropathy</also-called>
<also-called>Infectious polyneuritis</also-called>
<also-called>Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare disorder that causes your immune system to attack your peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS nerves connect your brain and spinal cord with the rest of your body. Damage to these nerves makes it hard for them to transmit signals. As a result, your muscles have trouble responding to your brain. No one knows what causes the syndrome. Sometimes it is triggered by an infection, surgery, or a vaccination. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The first symptom is usually weakness or a tingling feeling in your legs. The feeling can spread to your upper body. In severe cases, you become almost paralyzed. This is life-threatening. You might need a respirator to breathe. Symptoms usually worsen over a period of weeks and then stabilize.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Guillain-Barre can be hard to diagnose.  Possible tests include nerve tests and a spinal tap. Most people recover. Recovery can take a few weeks to a few years. Treatment can help symptoms, and may include medicines or a procedure called plasma exchange.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html" id="1927" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Guillain-Barré</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020275">Guillain-Barre Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html" id="154">Autoimmune Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html" id="611">Paralysis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Autoimmune Association" url="https://autoimmune.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Autoimmune Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Children with GBS" url="https://www.gbs-cidp.org/gbs/children-gbs/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>GBS/CIDP Foundation International</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000777.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Guillain-Barre Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Guillain-Barre+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guillain-Barre syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guillain-Barre Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/guillain-barre-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20362793?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/guillain-barre-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20362793?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guillain-Barré Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/guillain-barre-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/guillain-barre.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Guillain-Barré syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/guillain-barre-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miller Fisher Syndrome" url="https://www.gbs-cidp.org/miller-fisher-syndrome-2/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>GBS/CIDP Foundation International</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miller Fisher Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/miller-fisher-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guillain-Barre Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Guillain-Barre+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many adults have some form of gum disease (also known as periodontal disease). Read about the most common gum inflammation, called gingivitis." title="Gum Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html" id="266" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<also-called>Periodontal disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have gum disease, you're not alone. Many U.S. adults currently have some form of the disease. It ranges from simple gum inflammation, called gingivitis, to serious damage to the tissue and bone supporting the teeth.   In the worst cases, you can lose teeth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In gingivitis, the gums become red and swollen. They can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease. You can usually reverse it  with daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings by a dentist or dental hygienist. Untreated gingivitis can lead to periodontitis. If you have periodontitis, the gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets that  become infected. If not treated, the bones, gums and connective tissue that support the teeth are destroyed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html" id="1928" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de las encías</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005882">Gingival Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gumdisease.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gumdisease.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gumdisease.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gumdisease.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/gumdisease.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Periodontal Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Plaque, Dental</see-reference>
<site title="Ask a Periodontist (Frequently Asked Questions about Gum Disease)" url="https://www.perio.org/?q=faq-page">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding gums" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003062.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dental Plaque" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dental+Plaque%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gingival Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gingival+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Periodontal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Periodontal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Gum Disease, and Other Dental Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/gum-disease-dental-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/boca">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Oral and Dental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/dental.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Periodontist" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/find-a-periodontist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon" url="https://myoms.org/find-a-surgeon/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gingivitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354453?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gingivitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001056.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001056.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gingivostomatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001052.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/gum-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gum-disease.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum Disease" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/gum-disease-information/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum Disease and Men" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/gum-disease-information/gum-disease-and-men/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum Disease and Other Diseases" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/gum-disease-information/gum-disease-and-other-diseases/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum Disease and Women" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/gum-disease-information/gum-disease-and-women/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gums - swollen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003066.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peri-Implant Diseases" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/periodontal-treatments-and-procedures/dental-implant-procedures/peri-implant-diseases/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periodontal (Gum) Disease" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jcd2sCgFhh4">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Periodontal (Gum) Disease" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/gum-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-enfermedad-de-las-encias">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Periodontal Treatments and Procedures" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/periodontal-treatments-and-procedures/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periodontitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention of Infective Endocarditis Wallet Card" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Infective-Endocarditis/Infective-Endocarditis-Wallet-Card.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Infective-Endocarditis/Infective-Endocarditis-Wallet-Card-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gum Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gingival+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Periodontal Procedures" url="https://www.perio.org/for-patients/periodontal-treatments-and-procedures/surgical-procedures/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Periodontology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trench mouth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001044.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El mantener su cuerpo en la posición correcta puede ayudarle a evitar dolores, lesiones y otros problemas." title="Guía para una buena postura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html" id="6682" language="Spanish" date-created="11/01/2017">
<also-called>Guía para pararse bien</also-called>
<also-called>Guía para sentarse bien</also-called>
<also-called>Guía para una buena postura corporal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una buena postura es más que pararse derecho para verse mejor. Es una parte importante de su salud a largo plazo. El mantener su cuerpo en la posición correcta, ya sea que esté en movimiento o quieto, puede ayudarle a evitar dolores, lesiones y otros problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la postura?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La postura es cómo mantiene o sostiene su cuerpo. Hay dos tipos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;postura dinámica&lt;/strong&gt; se refiere a cómo se sostiene al moverse, como cuando está caminando, corriendo o al agacharse para recoger algo &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;postura estática&lt;/strong&gt; se refiere a cómo se mantiene cuando no está en movimiento, como cuando está sentado, de pie o durmiendo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Es importante mantener una buena postura dinámica y estática.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La clave para lograr una buena postura es la posición de su columna vertebral. Su columna vertebral tiene tres curvas naturales: En el cuello, en la parte media de la espalda y en la parte baja de la espalda. La postura correcta debería mantener estas curvas, pero no aumentarlas. Su cabeza debe mantenerse erguida sobre sus hombros y sus hombros deben alinearse con sus caderas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puede la postura afectar mi salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una mala postura puede ser perjudicial para su salud. Andar encorvado o agachado puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desalinear su sistema musculoesquelético&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desgastar su columna vertebral, haciéndola más frágil y con tendencia a lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Causar dolor en el cuello, hombros y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;espalda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disminuir su flexibilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Afectar la forma correcta de cómo se mueven sus articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Afectar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt; y aumentar su riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caerse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer más difícil digerir la comida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Dificultar la respiración&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi postura en general?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tenga en cuenta su postura&lt;/strong&gt; durante sus actividades diarias, como mirar televisión, lavar los platos o caminar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manténgase activo.&lt;/strong&gt; Cualquier tipo de ejercicio puede ayudar a mejorar su postura, pero ciertos tipos de ejercicios pueden ser especialmente útiles. Por ejemplo, yoga, tai chi y otros tipos que se centran en la conciencia del cuerpo. También es una buena idea hacer ejercicios que fortalezcan los músculos alrededor de la espalda, el abdomen y la pelvis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga un peso saludable.&lt;/strong&gt; El peso extra puede debilitar los músculos abdominales, causar problemas de la pelvis y la columna vertebral y contribuir al dolor lumbar (espalda baja). Todo esto puede dañar tu postura&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use zapatos cómodos de tacón bajo.&lt;/strong&gt; Los tacones altos pueden afectar su equilibrio y obligarlo a caminar de manera diferente. Esto puede aumentar la presión sobre sus músculos y dañar su postura&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asegúrese de que las superficies de trabajo estén a una altura cómoda para usted&lt;/strong&gt;, ya sea al estar sentado frente a una computadora, preparando la cena o comiendo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi postura cuando estoy sentado?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas pasan demasiado tiempo sentadas, ya sea en el trabajo, la escuela o en casa. Es importante sentarse correctamente y tomar descansos frecuentes:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambie frecuentemente su posición&lt;/strong&gt; al estar sentado &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haga caminatas breves&lt;/strong&gt; alrededor de su oficina o casa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estire sus músculos suavemente&lt;/strong&gt; de vez en cuando para ayudar a aliviar la tensión muscular&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No cruce las piernas.&lt;/strong&gt; Mantenga los pies en el piso con los tobillos un poco más adelante de sus rodillas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asegúrese de que sus pies toquen el piso.&lt;/strong&gt; Si eso no es posible, use un reposapiés&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Relaje sus hombros.&lt;/strong&gt; No deben encorvarse o estar tirados hacia atrás&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga los codos cerca de su cuerpo.&lt;/strong&gt; Deben doblarse entre 90 y 120 grados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asegúrese de que su espalda tenga un buen apoyo.&lt;/strong&gt; Use una almohada u otro soporte si su silla no tiene respaldo para la curva de la parte baja de la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asegúrese de que sus muslos y caderas estén bien apoyados.&lt;/strong&gt; Debe tener un asiento bien acolchado y sus muslos y caderas deben estar paralelos al piso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManSitting.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanSitting3.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi postura cuando estoy parado?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Póngase de pie en forma derecha&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga sus hombros atrás&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evite que su estómago sobresalga&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coloque su peso principalmente en las puntas de tus pies&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga su cabeza erguida&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deje que sus brazos cuelguen naturalmente a los lados&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga los pies separados a la altura de los hombros&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManStanding.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanStanding2.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con práctica puede mejorar tu postura, y se verá y se sentirá mejor.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html" id="6681" language="English">Guide to Good Posture</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Postura corporal, Guía</see-reference>
<site title="Cuidado de la espalda en la casa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002119.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003025.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003025.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ergonomía en la oficina: Tu guía práctica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/office-ergonomics/art-20046169?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir el dolor de espalda" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/precauciones-seguridad/prevenir-dolor-espalda" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/safety/prevent-back-pain">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentarse derecho: Mejore su postura para gozar de una mejor salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yoga para la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lavarse las manos y cubrirse la nariz y boca cuando se estornuda o tose puede prevenir la propagación de gérmenes que causan enfermedades. " title="Gérmenes e higiene" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html" id="4183" language="Spanish" date-created="11/10/2005">
<also-called>Higiene para la prevención de infecciones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los gérmenes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los gérmenes son microorganismos. Esto significa que solo se pueden ver con un microscopio. Se pueden encontrar en todas partes, como en el aire, el suelo y el agua. También hay gérmenes en su piel y en su cuerpo. Muchos gérmenes viven dentro y sobre nuestros cuerpos sin causar daño. Algunos incluso nos ayudan a mantenernos saludables. Pero algunos gérmenes pueden causar enfermedades. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades infecciosas&lt;/a&gt; son causadas por gérmenes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los principales tipos de gérmenes son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt; hongos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parásitos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propagan los gérmenes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes formas en que los gérmenes pueden propagarse, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al tocar a una persona con gérmenes o al hacer otro tipo de contacto cercano con ellos, como besar, abrazar o compartir tazas o utensilios para comer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al respirar aire después de que una persona con gérmenes tose o estornuda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al tocar las heces (caca) de alguien con gérmenes, como cambiar pañales y luego tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tocar objetos y superficies con gérmenes y luego tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;De madre a bebé durante el embarazo y / o parto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Por picaduras o mordeduras de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insectos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html"&gt;animales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;alimentos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html"&gt;agua&lt;/a&gt;, tierra o plantas contaminadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo protegerme a mí mismo y a los demás de los gérmenes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede ayudar a protegerse y proteger a otros de los gérmenes, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuando tenga que toser o estornudar, cúbrase la boca y la nariz con un pañuelo desechable o use la parte interna del codo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lávese bien y con frecuencia las manos. Debe fregarlas por al menos 20 segundos. Es importante hacerlo cuando es más probable que contraiga y propague gérmenes, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antes, durante y después de preparar alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antes de comer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antes y después de atender a un enfermo en casa que tenga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vómitos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Antes y después de tratar un corte o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;herida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Después de usar el baño&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Después de cambiar pañales o limpiar a un niño que ha usado el baño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Después de sonarse la nariz, toser o estornudar&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Después de tocar un animal, alimento para animales o desechos de animales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Después de manipular alimentos para mascotas o golosinas para mascotas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Después de tocar la basura&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si no tiene agua y jabón disponibles, puede usar un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol que tenga al menos 60% de alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Quédese en casa si está enfermo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evite el contacto cercano con personas enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Practique la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;seguridad alimentaria&lt;/a&gt; al manipular, cocinar y almacenar alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Limpiar y desinfectar&lt;/a&gt; regularmente superficies y objetos que se tocan con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html" id="4182" language="English">Germs and Hygiene</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3182">Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html" id="1980">Gripe</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7608">Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" id="3041">Medidas para el control de infecciones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832">Resfrío</related-topic>
<site title="Acabe con los microbios. ¡Lávese las manos!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/digital-social-media-tools/cdctv/fight-germs-wash-hands-esp/acabe-con-los-microbios.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos básicos de la higiene" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hygiene-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hygiene-basics.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse sano en el frío: Sugerencias para este invierno" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mantenerse-sano-en-el-frio-sugerencias-para-este-invierno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cold-weather-wellness-tips-for-staying-healthy-this-season">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con la natación y la recreación en el agua" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-enfermedades-relacionadas-con-la-natacion-y-la-recreacion-en-el-agua.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Descarte el jabón antibacteriano; use agua y jabón natural" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/descarte-el-jabon-antibacteriano-use-agua-y-jabon-natural">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desinfectantes de manos pueden ser una buena alternativa ante la falta de jabón o agua" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/los-desinfectantes-de-manos-pueden-ser-una-buena-alternativa-ante-la-falta-de-jabon-o-agua" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/if-soap-and-water-are-not-available-hand-sanitizers-may-be-good-alternative">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equipo de protección personal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Bacterias, virus, hongos y protozoos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/germs.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Bacterias, virus, hongos y protozoos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/care-about-germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/care-about-germs.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Infórmate y protégete contra las bacterias, los virus y las infecciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavarse las manos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavarse las manos: Por qué es tan importante" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/handwashing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/handwashing.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpiar para prevenir la propagación de microbios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpieza de suministros y equipos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manos limpias ayudan a prevenir la influenza" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xvhf3dZP87U&amp;feature=BFa&amp;list=PLD08735141990CA40">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse seguro en el agua" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenerse-seguro-en-el-agua" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/06/staying-safe-water">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Microorganismos del cuerpo: Nutriendo los microbios saludables" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-microorganismos-del-cuerpo" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/08/your-body-s-bugs">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Olor corporal" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precauciones de aislamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas y respuestas para los consumidores: los desinfectantes para las manos y el COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/preguntas-y-respuestas-para-los-consumidores-los-desinfectantes-para-las-manos-y-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/qa-consumers-hand-sanitizers-and-covid-19">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso seguro de desinfectantes de manos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/uso-seguro-de-desinfectantes-de-manos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-using-hand-sanitizer">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué tengo que lavarme las manos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/wash-hands.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/wash-hands.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los gérmenes?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/germs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Swine Flu is a virus that pigs can get, but human infections can and do happen. H1N1 is the name of a strain that infected people in 2009. Learn more." title="H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5188" language="English" date-created="04/27/2009">
<also-called>Swine flu</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. It's named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen.  In 2009 a strain of swine flu called H1N1 infected many people around the world.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The virus is contagious and can spread from human to human.   Symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are antiviral medicines you can take to prevent or treat swine flu. There is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;vaccine&lt;/a&gt; available to protect against swine flu. You can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Washing your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trying to avoid close contact with sick people.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Staying home from work or school if you are sick.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/h1n1fluswineflu.html" id="5189" language="Spanish">Gripe H1N1 (gripe porcina)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D053118">Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007251">Influenza, Human</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/h1n1fluswineflu.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4055">Animal Diseases and Your Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birdflu.html" id="4198">Bird Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299">Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html" id="6236">Flu Shot</related-topic>
<see-reference>Swine Flu</see-reference>
<site title="About Influenza in Swine (Pigs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/swine-flu/about/influenza-in-swine.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/keyfacts_pigs.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Swine/Variant Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/swine-flu/about/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/swine-flu/about/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC Risk Assessment and Reporting of Variant Influenza Viruses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/swine-flu/variant-flu-in-humans/risk-and-reporting.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/enes/flu/swineflu/variant.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Influenza, Human" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Influenza,+Human%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College students and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="H1N1 Influenza" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/h1n1-influenza/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/resfriados-y-gripe-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="H1N1 influenza (Swine flu)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007421.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flu.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.immunize.org/vis/spanish_flu_inactive.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007443.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Influenza%2C+Human%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Influenza+A+Virus%2C+H1N1+Subtype%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations and Flu Shots for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/enes/flu/weekly/summary.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your baby and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your child and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007445.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Qué tan bien usted y su médico se comuniquen es una de las partes más importantes de conseguir una buena atención médica. Encuentre sugerencias aquí." title="Hablando con su doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3074" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Cuando habla con su doctor</also-called>
<also-called>Hablar con el doctor</also-called>
<also-called>Hablar con su médico</also-called>
<also-called>Hablar con un profesional de la salud</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Qué tan bien usted y su médico se comuniquen es una de las partes más importantes de conseguir una buena atención médica. Estar preparado puede ayudar a sacar el máximo provecho a su visita, ya sea en persona o a través de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html"&gt;telesalud&lt;/a&gt;. A continuación, le presentamos algunas cosas que puede hacer para aprovechar su cita médica:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Haga una lista con sus dudas, cualquier alergia y todas las medicinas, hierbas o vitaminas que toma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Escriba una descripción de los síntomas, cuándo comenzaron, qué los mejora y qué los empeora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pídale a un amigo de confianza o un familiar que lo acompañe a la cita &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tome notas durante su cita	 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entérese cómo acceder a sus registros médicos, para conocer sus resultados de pruebas de laboratorio, diagnósticos, planes de tratamiento y medicamentos	&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pida la información de contacto de su profesional de la salud y averigüe la mejor forma de comunicarse con él o ella &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Asegúrese de entender su diagnóstico y cualquier tratamiento que se le indique. Si no entiende las respuestas del médico, pregunte hasta que las comprenda. Pídale al médico que le escriba sus instrucciones si las necesita. Averigüe dónde puede consultar para encontrar más información.
 &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3073" language="English">Talking With Your Doctor</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#OD">Oficina del Director de NIH</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientrights.html" id="4254">Derechos del paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html" id="2082">Seguridad del paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" id="7468">Telesalud</related-topic>
<see-reference>Doctor, Hablando con su</see-reference>
<site title="Applicación QuestionBuilder en español" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aproveche al máximo su visita al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000860.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para hablar con su médico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-para-hablar-con-su-medico/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/tips-for-talking-to-your-doctor/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consultar a su médico: Aproveche al máximo su cita" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/consultar-a-su-medico" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/talking-your-doctor">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando desee cambiar su medicamento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo una visita al médico (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con su equipo de atención médica" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_how_to_talk_to_your_healthcare_team_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prepararse para una cita con el médico" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/hablar-medico/como-prepararse-cita-medico" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments/how-prepare-doctors-appointment">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con su médico" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/hablar-con-su-medico" language-mapped-url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication/talking-your-doctor">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu médico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Segundas opiniones quirúrgicas" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telemedicina puede afectar la calidad de atención" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-telemedicina-puede-afectar-la-calidad-de-atencion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000919.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toma de decisiones compartida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000877.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visitas al médico en el idioma de su preferencia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/health-care-language.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/health-care-language.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesito un intérprete?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-hacer-si-necesito-un-interprete/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/healthcare-management/working-with-your-doctor/do-i-need-an-interpreter.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Haemophilus is the name of a group of bacteria that can cause serious disease, such as Hib. There is a vaccine to prevent Hib. Learn more." title="Haemophilus Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5968" language="English" date-created="01/10/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Haemophilus is the name of a group of bacteria. There are several types of Haemophilus. They can cause different types of illnesses involving breathing, bones and joints, and the nervous system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One common type, Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), causes serious disease. It usually strikes children under 5 years old. Your child can get Hib disease by being around other children or adults who may have the bacteria and not know it. The germs spread from person to person. If the germs stay in the child's nose and throat, the child probably will not get sick. But sometimes the germs spread into the lungs or the bloodstream, and then Hib can cause serious problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment is with antibiotics. There is a vaccine to prevent Hib disease. All children younger than 5 years of age should be vaccinated with the Hib vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5969" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Haemophilus</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006192">Haemophilus Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rwanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/haemophilusinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="tigriññā / ትግርኛ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Tigrinya">Tigrinya</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/haemophilusinfections.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158">Bacterial Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html" id="324">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html" id="363">Pneumonia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hib</see-reference>
<site title="About Haemophilus influenzae Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/es/about/acerca-de-la-enfermedad-por-haemophilusinfluenzae.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Haemophilus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Haemophilus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Haemophilus influenzae type b" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Haemophilus+influenzae+type+b%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epiglottitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372227?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epiglottitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000605.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="H influenzae meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000612.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haemophilus influenzae Disease Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haemophilus Influenzae Type b" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Haemophilus-Influenzae-type-b.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/haemophilus-influenzae-type-b.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hib.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_hib.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib): Questions and Answers" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4206.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type B) Photos" url="https://www.vaccineinformation.org/photos/hib/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hib Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hib-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haemophilus Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Haemophilus+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Haemophilus influenzae Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/es/risk-factors/factores-de-riesgo-de-la-enfermedad-por-haemophilusinfluenzae.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many causes for hair loss. One is alopecia areata, a disease that affects the hair follicles. Read about it and other hair loss issues here." title="Hair Loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html" id="5282" language="English" date-created="08/24/2009">
<also-called>Alopecia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You lose up to 100 hairs from your scalp every day. That's normal, and in most people, those hairs grow back. But many men -- and some women -- lose hair as they grow older. You can also lose your hair if you have certain diseases, such as thyroid problems, diabetes, or lupus. If you take certain medicines or have chemotherapy for cancer, you may also lose your hair. Other causes are stress, a low protein diet, a family history, or poor nutrition. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for hair loss depends on the cause. In some cases, treating the underlying cause will correct the problem. Other treatments include medicines and hair restoration. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html" id="5283" language="Spanish">Pérdida de cabello</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007039">Hypotrichosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hairproblems.html" id="531">Hair Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alopecia</see-reference>
<site title="Alopecia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/alopecia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alopecia areata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001450.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alopecia Areata" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/alopecia-areata?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alopecia areata: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alopecia-areata">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Androgenetic alopecia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/androgenetic-alopecia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can stress cause hair loss?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/expert-answers/stress-and-hair-loss/faq-20057820?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/expert-answers/stress-and-hair-loss/faq-20057820?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemotherapy and Hair Loss: What to Expect during Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/in-depth/hair-loss/ART-20046920?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/in-depth/hair-loss/art-20046920?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Alopecia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Alopecia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypotrichosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypotrichosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with cancer - hair loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do You Have Hair Loss or Hair Shedding?" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/insider/shedding?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Experiencing Hair Loss? Your Hair Care Matters" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/hair-care?NoAds">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Pattern Alopecia" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/female-pattern-alopecia?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female pattern baldness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001173.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001173.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Pattern Hair Loss" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/FemalePatternHair?">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Loss" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/hair-loss/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/caida-del-cabello-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Loss" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hair-loss/symptoms-causes/syc-20372926?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003246.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003246.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Loss (Alopecia)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Hair-Loss-Alopecia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/hair-loss-alopecia.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Loss (Alopecia) and Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/hair-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/caida-pelo">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hair transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007205.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Transplants" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/hair-transplants">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavender" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/lavender">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with Alopecia Areata" url="https://www.naaf.org/alopecia-areata/living-with-alopecia-areata/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Alopecia Areata Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Pattern Alopecia" url="https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/male-pattern-alopecia/?Imiw9cApl=1">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male pattern baldness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001177.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001177.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Missing Strands? Dealing with Hair Loss" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/missing-strands" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/pierde-hebras-de-cabello">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hair Loss" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypotrichosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Researchers Identify Cellular Pathway that Regulates Inflammatory Hair Loss" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/newsroom/spotlight-on-research/researchers-identify-cellular-pathway-regulates-inflammatory-hair">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telogen Effluvium Hair Loss" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/TelogenEffluviumHa?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thinning Hair and Hair Loss: Could It Be Female Pattern Hair Loss?" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/types/female-pattern?NoAds">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Hair Loss" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/treatment?NoAds">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichotillomania" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/trichotillomania.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Hair Loss?" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/causes/18-causes?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Alopecia Areata?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/alopecia-areata" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/alopecia-areata">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You have hair all over your body, not just on your head. Find out about what's normal, how to care for hair, and common hair problems." title="Hair Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hairproblems.html" id="531" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The average person has 5 million hairs. Hair grows all over your body except on your lips, palms, and the soles of your feet. It takes about a month for healthy hair to grow half an inch. Most hairs grow for up to six years and then fall out. New hairs grow in their place.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hair helps keep you warm. It also protects your eyes, ears and nose from small particles in the air. Common problem with the hair and scalp include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html"&gt;hair loss&lt;/a&gt;, infections, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html"&gt;flaking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairproblems.html" id="1929" language="Spanish">Problemas del cabello</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006201">Hair Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063807">Dandruff</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html" id="6410">Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html" id="5282">Hair Loss</related-topic>
<see-reference>Folliculitis</see-reference>
<site title="African-American Hair: Tips for Everyday Care" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/hair-scalp-care/hair/care-african-american?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in hair and nails" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004005.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-recessive-hypotrichosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dandruff" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dandruff%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hair Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hair+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Hair Problems" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/common-hair-problems?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry hair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003245.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Excessive or unwanted hair in women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007622.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folliculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000823.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folliculitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/folliculitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folliculitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Formaldehyde in Hair Smoothing Products: What You Should Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/formaldehyde-hair-smoothing-products-what-you-should-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-formaldehido-en-productos-para-suavizar-el-cabello-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair Dye and Hair Relaxers" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/hair-dye-and-hair-relaxers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tintes-y-cremas-alisadoras-para-el-cabello-hair-dye-and-relaxers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hirsutism" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hirsutism/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hirsutismo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hirsutism" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hirsutism">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/hirsutism-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-booket/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hot tub folliculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001460.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hot Tub Rash (Pseudomonas Folliculitis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/pseudomonas-folliculitis-hot-tub-folliculitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stop Damaging Your Hair" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/insider/stop-damage?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingrown Hair" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ingrown-hair/symptoms-causes/syc-20373893?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ingrown-hair/symptoms-causes/syc-20373893?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keratoderma with woolly hair: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/keratoderma-with-woolly-hair">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laser Hair Removal" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/laser-hair-removal?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monilethrix: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/monilethrix">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pilar Cyst" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/pilar-cyst?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pseudofolliculitis Barbae" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/pseudofolliculitis-barbae?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hair diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dandruff%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hair+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Removing Pubic Hair (For Young Women)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/removing-pubic-hair/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/depilacion-del-vello-pubiano/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin and hair changes during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichorrhexis nodosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001449.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uncombable hair syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/uncombable-hair-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Does Hair Turn Gray?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/gray-hair.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/gray-hair.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Hair" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hair.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Find out what you can do if you are experiencing problems with your hands such as pain or stiffness. Learn about hand injuries and disorders. " title="Hand Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507" language="English" date-created="10/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;No matter how old you are or what you do for a living, you are always using your hands. 
When there is something wrong with them, you may not be able to do your regular activities. 
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hand problems include  :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;Carpal tunnel syndrome&lt;/a&gt; - compression of a nerve as it 
goes through the wrist, often making your fingers feel numb &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Injuries that result in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), ruptured ligaments 
and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocations&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; - wear-and-tear arthritis, which can 
also cause deformity    &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt; - irritation of the tendons    &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Disorders and injuries of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;fingers&lt;/a&gt; and thumb  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006230">Hand Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/handinjuriesanddisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="179">Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5356">Finger Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="381">Raynaud Phenomenon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657">Wrist Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Arthritis of the Hand" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-hand/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baller-Gerold syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/baller-gerold-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brachial plexopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Claw hand" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003169.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hand Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hand+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold Hands" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/cold-hands/basics/definition/SYM-20050648?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/cold-hands/basics/definition/sym-20050648?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocation: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/ART-20056693?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/art-20056693?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duane-radial ray syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/duane-radial-ray-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dupuytrens contracture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001233.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extremity x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003461.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feingold syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/feingold-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fingertip Injuries and Amputations" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/fingertip-injuries-and-amputations/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/greig-cephalopolysyndactyly-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hand fracture - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000552.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Fractures" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/hand-fractures">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand or foot spasms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003194.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand splint - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100142_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100142_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003811.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand-foot-genital syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hand-foot-genital-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hand/Wrist/Arm Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Holt-Oram syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/holt-oram-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Itchy Hands or Feet" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/itchy-hands-or-feet?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musician's Dystonia" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/types-dystonia/musicians/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nerve Injuries in the Hand and Fingers" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/nerve-injuries/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral-facial-digital syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/oral-facial-digital-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Hand Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/hand-disorders/overview-of-hand-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/trastornos-de-la-mano/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-mano">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pallister-Hall syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pallister-hall-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Poland syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/poland-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hand Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hand+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radial nerve dysfunction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000790.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="RAPADILINO syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rapadilino-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Single palmar crease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003290.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timothy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/timothy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Townes-Brocks Syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/townes-brocks-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tremor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003192.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulnar nerve dysfunction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000789.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volkmann contracture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001221.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Hand Surgeon?" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/treatment/what-is-a-hand-surgeon/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Hand" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-hand.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus es una infección viral poco frecuente pero mortal. Es diseminada por los ratones y ratas. Más información aquí." title="Hantavirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hantavirusinfections.html" id="3218" language="Spanish" date-created="06/20/2003">
<also-called>Síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (HPS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una infección viral poco frecuente pero mortal. Es diseminada por los ratones y ratas. Ellos eliminan el virus en la orina, los excrementos y la saliva. Pequeñas gotas con el virus pueden flotar en el aire. Las personas pueden adquirir la enfermedad si respiran aire infectado o entran en contacto con roedores o sus excrementos. Las personas no lo contagian. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los primeros síntomas del HPS incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolores musculares, especialmente en los muslos, caderas y espalda &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Dolor de cabeza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mareos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nausea, vómitos, diarrea o dolor abdominal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas posteriores incluyen tos y falta de aire.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El control de los roedores dentro y alrededor de su casa es la mejor forma para protegerse de una infección. Si ha estado cerca de roedores y tiene síntomas como fiebre, dolores musculares profundos y una intensa sensación de falta de aire, consulte inmediatamente a un médico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe un tratamiento específico, cura o vacuna para esta infección. A los pacientes les va mejor si reconocen los síntomas con anticipación y reciben atención en terapia intensiva. Generalmente, necesitan un respirador y terapia de oxígeno. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hantavirusinfections.html" id="3217" language="English">Hantavirus Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>SPH</see-reference>
<site title="Hantavirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001382.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por hantavirus (síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/hantavirus/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por hantavirus" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/arbovirus-arenavirus-y-filovirus/infecci%C3%B3n-por-hantavirus">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351838?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351844?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare but deadly viral infection. It is spread by mice and rats. Learn about symptoms and prevention." title="Hantavirus Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hantavirusinfections.html" id="3217" language="English" date-created="06/03/2003">
<also-called>HPS</also-called>
<also-called>Hanta virus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare but deadly viral infection. It is spread by mice and rats. They shed the virus in their urine, droppings, and saliva. Tiny droplets with the virus can enter the air. People can get the disease if they breathe infected air or come into contact with rodents or their urine or droppings. You cannot catch it from people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Early symptoms of HPS include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fever &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Muscle aches, especially in the thighs, hips and back&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Headaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dizziness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Later symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Controlling rodents in and around your house is the best way to prevent infection. If you have been around rodents and have symptoms of fever, deep muscle aches, and severe shortness of breath, see your doctor immediately.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no specific treatment, cure, or vaccine for HPS. Patients may do better if it is recognized early and they get medical care in an intensive care unit. They often need to use a breathing machine and have oxygen therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hantavirusinfections.html" id="3218" language="Spanish">Hantavirus</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018778">Hantavirus Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hantavirusinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Hantavirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Overview of Hantavirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hantavirus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hantavirus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinician Brief: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hfrs.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hantavirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001382.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hantavirus Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/prevention/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hantavirus Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hantavirus+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay fever (Pollen Allergy) is a type of allergy triggered by pollen from trees, weeds and grasses. Learn the symptoms.  " title="Hay Fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html" id="4746" language="English" date-created="07/16/2008">
<also-called>Pollen allergy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Each spring, summer, and fall, trees, weeds, and grasses release tiny pollen grains into the air. Some of the pollen ends up in your nose and throat. This can trigger a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergy&lt;/a&gt; called hay fever.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sneezing, often with a runny or clogged nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing and postnasal drip&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Itching eyes, nose and throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red and watery eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark circles under the eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may diagnose hay fever based on a physical exam and your symptoms. Sometimes skin or blood tests are used. Taking medicines and using nasal sprays can relieve symptoms. You can also rinse out your nose, but be sure to use distilled or sterilized water with saline. Allergy shots can help make you less sensitive to pollen and provide long-term relief.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html" id="4747" language="Spanish">Rinitis alérgica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006255">Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Allergic Rhinitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pollen Allergy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seasonal Allergies</see-reference>
<site title="6 Things To Know About Complementary Health Approaches for Seasonal Allergy Relief" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-complementary-health-approaches-for-seasonal-allergy-relief">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergic rhinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000813.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic Rhinitis (Allergies)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/allergic-rhinitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/rinitis-alergica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic rhinitis - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000247.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergic rhinitis - what to ask your doctor - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000248.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and pollen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergy Skin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allergy testing - skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology" url="https://www.aaaai.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rhinitis,+Allergic,+Perennial%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rhinitis,+Allergic,+Seasonal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colds, Allergies and Sinusitis - How to Tell the Difference" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Controlling Hay Fever Symptoms with Accurate Pollen Counts" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hay-fever-and-pollen-counts" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/control-de-los-sintomas-de-fiebre-de-heno-con-conc">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do Allergies Cause Asthma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Allergies and Hay Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/allergies.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Allergist/Immunologist" url="https://allergist.aaaai.org/find/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis) Quiz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/hay-fever-rhinitis/hay-fever-allergic-rhinitis-quiz" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/rinitis/encuesta-sobre-rinitis-alergica">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hay Fever / Rhinitis" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/hay-fever-rhinitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/rinitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hay Fever Medications" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hay-fever-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histamine: The Stuff Allergies are Made of" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/histamine-the-stuff-allergies-are-made-of/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/histamina-de-lo-que-esta-hecha-la-alergia/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Is Rinsing Your Sinuses With Neti Pots Safe?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/rinsing-your-sinuses-neti-pots-safe">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know Which Medication Is Right for Your Seasonal Allergies" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/know-which-medication-right-your-seasonal-allergies" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conozca-que-medicamentos-son-adecuados-para-sus-alergias-estacionales">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal corticosteroid sprays" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pollen" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/pollen">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevalence of Allergies the Same, Regardless of Where You Live" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/prevalence-allergies-same-regardless-where-you-live">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hay Fever" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rhinitis%2C+Allergic%2C+Seasonal%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Saline Sinus Rinse Recipe" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/saline-sinus-rinse-recipe" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/receta-para-lavado-sinusal-salino">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/seasonal-allergies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/seasonal-allergies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Allergies at a Glance: What the Science Says" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/seasonal-allergies-at-a-glance">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Allergies in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/pages/Seasonal-Allergies-in-Children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Paginas/Seasonal-Allergies-in-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seeking Allergy Relief: When Breathing Becomes Bothersome" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/06/seeking-allergy-relief" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/buscar-alivio-para-la-alergia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Triggers Seasonal Allergies?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-triggers-seasonal-allergies" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuales-son-las-causas-de-las-alergias-estacionales">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="HDL, or high-density lipoprotein, is the &quot;good&quot; cholesterol. It helps to remove bad cholesterol from your arteries, so a higher HDL level is better." title="HDL: The &quot;Good&quot; Cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785" language="English" date-created="12/04/2017">
<also-called>High-density lipoprotein</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But having too much cholesterol in your blood raises your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are HDL and LDL?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HDL and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt; are two types of lipoproteins.They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein.  The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. HDL and LDL have different purposes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  
&lt;h3&gt;How do I know what my HDL level is?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; can measure your cholesterol levels, including HDL. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history.  The general recommendations are:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are age 19 or younger:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first test should be between ages 9 to 11&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children should have the test again every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high blood cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are age 20 or older:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Younger adults should have the test every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should my HDL level be?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt; With HDL cholesterol, higher numbers are better, because a high HDL level can lower your risk for coronary artery disease and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;. How high your HDL should be depends on your age and sex:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy HDL levels by age and sex" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Group&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Healthy HDL Level&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Age 19 or younger&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;More than 45mg/dl&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Men age 20 or older&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;More than 40mg/dl&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Women age 20 or older&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;More than 50mg/dl&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I raise my HDL level?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If your HDL level is too low, lifestyle changes may help. These changes may also help prevent other diseases, and make you feel better overall:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eat a healthy diet.&lt;/strong&gt; To raise your HDL level, you need to eat good fats instead of bad fats. This means limiting saturated fats, which include full-fat milk and cheese, high-fat meats like sausage and bacon, and foods made with butter, lard, and shortening. You should also avoid trans fats, which may be in some margarines, fried foods, and processed foods like baked goods. Instead, eat unsaturated fats, which are found in avocado, vegetable oils like olive oil, and nuts. Limit carbohydrates, especially sugar. Also try to eat more foods naturally high in fiber, such as oatmeal and beans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stay at a healthy weight.&lt;/strong&gt; You can boost your HDL level by losing weight, especially if you have lots of fat around your waist.&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exercise.&lt;/strong&gt; Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular exercise&lt;/a&gt; can raise your HDL level, as well as lower your LDL. You should try to do 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise on most, if not all, days.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoid cigarettes.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt; and exposure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt; can lower your HDL level. If you are a smoker, ask your health care provider for help in finding the best way for you to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit&lt;/a&gt;. You should also try to avoid secondhand smoke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limit alcohol.&lt;/strong&gt; Moderate alcohol may lower your HDL level, although more studies are needed to confirm that. What we do know is that too much alcohol can make you gain weight, and that lowers your HDL level.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol medicines&lt;/a&gt;, including certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html"&gt;statins&lt;/a&gt;, can raise your HDL level, in addition to lowering your LDL level. Health care providers don't usually prescribe medicines only to raise HDL. But if you have a low HDL and high LDL level, you might need medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What else can affect my HDL level?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taking certain medicines can lower HDL levels in some people. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beta blockers, a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;blood pressure medicine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;Anabolic steroids&lt;/a&gt;, including testosterone, a male hormone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Progestins, which are female hormones that are in some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control pills&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;hormone replacement therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Benzodiazepines, sedatives that are often used for anxiety and insomnia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are taking one of these and you have a very low HDL level, ask your provider if you should continue to take them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diabetes can also lower your HDL level, so that gives you another reason to manage your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6786" language="Spanish">Colesterol bueno (HDL)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008076">Cholesterol, HDL</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811">Cholesterol Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809">How to Lower Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" id="4909">Statins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<site title="Cholesterol - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Good and Bad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/cholesterol-good-and-bad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/colesterol-bueno-y-colesterol-malo/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol testing and results" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elevated HDL Cholesterol" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/cholesterol-disorders/elevated-hdl-cholesterol" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/trastornos-relacionados-con-el-colesterol/colesterol-hdl-elevado">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="HDL Cholesterol: How to Boost Your 'Good' Cholesterol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/hdl-cholesterol/ART-20046388?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/hdl-cholesterol/art-20046388?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="HDL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007810.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacin for cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacin to Improve Cholesterol Numbers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/ART-20046208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/art-20046208?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="HDL: The &quot;Good&quot; Cholesterol" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cholesterol%2C+HDL%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Head and neck cancer includes cancers of the mouth, nose, sinuses, salivary glands, throat, and lymph nodes. Read the different symptoms of each type." title="Head and Neck Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html" id="330" language="English" date-created="12/29/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is head and neck cancer? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Head and neck cancer is the name for cancers that develop in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html"&gt;mouth&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html"&gt;nose and sinuses&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html"&gt;salivary glands&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html"&gt;throat and voice box&lt;/a&gt; (larynx). Most head and neck cancers are &lt;a href=""&gt;squamous cell cancers&lt;/a&gt;. They begin in the moist tissues that line the head and neck. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are other cancers that develop in the head and neck, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html"&gt;brain cancer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html"&gt;eye cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esophageal cancer&lt;/a&gt;. But they are usually not considered to be head and neck cancers, because those types of cancer and their treatments are different.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop head and neck cancer? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get head and neck cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use tobacco or drink lots of alcohol. Your risk of developing head and neck cancer is even higher if you do both.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are male.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are over age 50.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a history of head or neck cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt; (for cancers in the tonsils and base of the tongue).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are exposed to wood dusts or certain other toxic substances &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html"&gt;at work&lt;/a&gt; (for upper throat, nose, and sinus cancers).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiation exposure&lt;/a&gt; to the head and neck (for salivary gland cancer).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (for upper throat and salivary gland cancers).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are Asian (for upper throat cancer).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of head and neck cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of head and neck cancer may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in the neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A sore in the mouth or the throat that does not heal and may be painful&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;sore throat&lt;/a&gt; that does not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change or hoarseness in the voice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other possible symptoms can depend on the specific type of head and neck cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is head and neck cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Which exams and tests used to diagnose head and neck cancer can depend on the specific type of cancer. Possible exams and tests may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam of the area that might have cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood and/or urine tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; or other procedure to collect cells from the area that might have cancer. The cells are viewed under a microscope to find out if they are abnormal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for head and neck cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for head and neck cancer will depend on the specific type of cancer, the stage (how advanced the cancer is), your overall health, and other factors. The treatment options might include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Cancer immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, you may need a combination of treatments. Sometimes surgery can affect how well you can chew, swallow, or talk. Rehabilitation, such as physical therapy, dietary counseling, and speech therapy, may help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can head and neck cancer be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to help prevent head and neck cancer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting alcohol use or not drinking at all&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/"&gt;dental exams&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talking to your provider about HPV vaccination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html" id="1931" language="Spanish">Cáncer de cabeza y cuello</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006258">Head and Neck Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html" id="2720">Nasal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html" id="331">Oral Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="356">Parathyroid Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5331">Salivary Gland Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html" id="5841">Throat Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html" id="438">Thyroid Cancer</related-topic>
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<site title="Childhood Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-nasofaringe-pdq">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Childhood Thyroid Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/child-thyroid-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tiroides/paciente/tratamiento-tiroides-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Head and Neck Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Head+and+Neck+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Head and Neck Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/head-neck">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/metastatic-squamous-neck-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-escamoso-metastasico-cuello-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glomus jugulare tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001634.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Head and Neck Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hdneck" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hdneck">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Head and Neck Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/hoja-informativa-cabeza-cuello">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head and Neck Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/head-neck-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/canceres-del-cuello-y-cabeza.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth and neck radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neck dissection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007573.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Neck dissection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000659.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Oral Complications of Chemotherapy and Head/Neck Radiation" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all">
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<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head, neck and facial cancers" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Head+and+Neck+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It is important to know the warning signs of a moderate or severe head injury. Learn when to seek medical attention. " title="Head Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html" id="5825" language="English" date-created="08/01/2011">
<also-called>Cranial injuries</also-called>
<also-called>Skull fractures</also-called>
<also-called>Skull injuries</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Chances are you've bumped your head before.  Often, the injury is minor because your skull is hard and it protects your brain.  But other head injuries can be more severe, such as a skull fracture, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html"&gt;concussion&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatic brain injury&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Head injuries can be open or closed.  A closed injury does not break through the skull.  With an open, or penetrating, injury, an object pierces the skull and enters the brain.  Closed injuries are not always less severe than open injuries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some common causes of head injuries are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html"&gt;motor vehicle accidents&lt;/a&gt;, violence, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to know the warning signs of a moderate or severe head injury.  Get help immediately if the injured person has:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A headache that gets worse or does not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repeated vomiting or nausea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Convulsions or seizures&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An inability to wake up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dilated (enlarged) pupil in one or both eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slurred speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use a neurologic exam and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the type of injury and how severe it is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html" id="5826" language="Spanish">Lesiones en la cabeza</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006259">Craniocerebral Trauma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012887">Skull Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html" id="4867">Concussion</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="271">Traumatic Brain Injury</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cranial Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Skull Fractures</see-reference>
<see-reference>Skull Injuries</see-reference>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bump on the Head: When Is It a Serious Head Injury?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/expert-answers/head-injury/FAQ-20058442?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniocerebral Trauma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Craniocerebral+Trauma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Head Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22head+injuries%22+NOT+(traumatic+OR+concussion)&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Skull Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Skull+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-injury.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/head-injury.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Injuries" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/head-injuries/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lesiones-en-la-cabeza-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head injury - first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000028.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Injury: What to Do if Your Child Loses Consciousness" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/pages/loss-of-consciousness.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/loss-of-consciousness.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Trauma, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Trauma: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/ART-20056626?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/art-20056626?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Head Injuries" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/overview-of-head-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-craneales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-traumatismos-craneales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing head injuries in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Skull+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Craniocerebral+Trauma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skull fracture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000060.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skull Radiography" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/skull.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/skull.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skull x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Head (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Could that itchy, tickly feeling on your head be head lice? Learn about these tiny insects, such as how to tell if you have them, and how to treat it." title="Head Lice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html" id="272" language="English" date-created="07/13/1999">
<also-called>Pediculosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are head lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Head lice are tiny insects that live on people's heads. Adult lice are about the size of sesame seeds. The eggs, called nits, are even smaller - about the size of a dandruff flake. Lice and nits are found on or near the scalp, most often at the neckline and behind the ears.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Head lice are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. They are one of the three types of lice that live on humans. The other two types are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html"&gt;body lice&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html"&gt;pubic lice&lt;/a&gt;. Each type of lice is different, and getting one type does not mean that you will get another type.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do head lice spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. They spread by close person-to-person contact. Rarely, they can spread through sharing personal belongings such as hats or hairbrushes. Personal hygiene and cleanliness have nothing to do with getting head lice. You also cannot get pubic lice from animals. Head lice do not spread disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for head lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Children ages 3-11 and their families get head lice most often. This is because young children often have head-to-head contact while playing together.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of head lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of head lice include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tickling feeling in the hair&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent itching, which is caused by an allergic reaction to the bites&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sores from scratching. Sometimes the sores can become infected with bacteria.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble sleeping, because head lice are most active in the dark&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How do you know if you have head lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A diagnosis of head lice usually comes from seeing a louse or nit. Because they are very small and move quickly, you may need to use a magnifying lens and a fine-toothed comb to find lice or nits.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for head lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for head lice include both over-the-counter and prescription shampoos, creams, and lotions. If you want to use an over-the-counter treatment and you aren't sure which one to use or how to use one, ask your health care provider or pharmacist. You should also check with your health care provider first if you are pregnant or nursing, or if you want to use a treatment on a young child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Follow these steps when using a head lice treatment:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apply the product according to the instructions. Only apply it to the scalp and the hair attached to the scalp. You should not use it on other body hair.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use only one product at a time, unless your health care provider tells you to use two different kinds at once&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pay attention to what the instructions say about how long you should leave the medicine on the hair and on how you should rinse it out&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;After rinsing, use a fine-toothed comb or special "nit comb" to remove dead lice and nits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;After each treatment, check your hair for lice and nits.  You should comb your hair to remove nits and lice every 2-3 days. Do this for 2-3 weeks to be sure that all lice and nits are gone.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All household members and other close contacts should be checked and treated if necessary. If an over-the-counter treatment does not work for you, you can ask your health care provider for a prescription product.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can head lice be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to prevent the spread of lice. If you already have lice, besides treatment, you should:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your clothes, bedding, and towels with hot water, and dry them using the hot cycle of the dryer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Soak your combs and brushes in hot water for 5-10 minutes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vacuum the floor and furniture, particularly where you sat or lay&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If there are items that you cannot wash, seal them in a plastic bag for two weeks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent your children from spreading lice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teach children to avoid head-to-head contact during play and other activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teach children not to share clothing and other items that they put on their head, such as headphones, hair ties, and helmets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If your child has lice, be sure to check the policies at school and/or daycare. Your child may not be able to go back until the lice have been completely treated.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no clear scientific evidence that lice can be suffocated by home remedies, such as mayonnaise, olive oil, or similar substances. You also should not use kerosene or gasoline; they are dangerous and flammable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html" id="1932" language="Spanish">Piojos de la cabeza</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010374">Pediculus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headlice.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html" id="6071">Body Lice</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html" id="6947">Pubic Lice</related-topic>
<site title="About Head Lice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/about/head-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/es/informativa/preguntas.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Head Lice (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-lice-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/head-lice-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Lice" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/head-lice/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/piojos-de-cabeza-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head lice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000840.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Lice: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/head-lice-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Lice, Pinworms, and MRSA at the Pool" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-lice-pinworms-and-mrsa-at-the-pool.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-los-piojos-los-oxiuros-y-el-sarm-staphylococcus-aureus-resistente-a-la-meticilina.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Providing Care for Individuals with Head Lice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/caring-head/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Lice" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pediculus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treating and Preventing Head Lice" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-and-preventing-head-lice" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tratamiento-y-prevencion-de-los-piojos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Head Lice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Head Lice?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lice.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Nearly everyone has had a headache, the most common form of pain. Learn the different types, the different symptoms of, and when to see a doctor." title="Headache" url="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html" id="273" language="English" date-created="01/27/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Almost everyone has had a headache. Headache is the most common form of pain. It's a major reason people miss days at work or school or visit the doctor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Tension headaches are due to tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw. They are often related to stress, depression or anxiety. You are more likely to get tension headaches if you work too much, don't get enough sleep, miss meals, or use alcohol.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Other common types of headaches include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html"&gt;migraines&lt;/a&gt;, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches. Most people can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax and taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Not all headaches require a doctor's attention. But sometimes headaches warn of a more serious disorder. Let your health care provider know if you have sudden, severe headaches. Get medical help right away if you have a headache after a blow to your head, or if you have a headache along with a stiff neck, fever, confusion, loss of consciousness, or pain in the eye or ear.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html" id="1933" language="Spanish">Dolor de cabeza</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006261">Headache</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020773">Headache Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/headache.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html" id="3157">Migraine</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cluster Headache</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tension Headache</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vascular Headache</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Therapy: Why Not Over-The-Counter or Other Nonspecific Options?" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/acute-therapy-why-not-otc-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Daily Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20370891?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20370891?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cluster Headache" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cluster+Headache%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Headache" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Headache%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Headache Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Headache+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tension Headache" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tension+Headache%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tension-Type Headache" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tension-Type+Headache%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cluster Headache" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cluster-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20352080?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cluster headache" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000786.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do I Need an MRI for My Migraine?" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/do-i-need-an-mri-for-my-migraine/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Migraine and Headache Specialist" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/find-a-doctor/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headache" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/headache" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/dolor-de-cabeza">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Headache" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003024.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headache" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/headache/basics/definition/SYM-20050800?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headache - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000303.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headache Hygiene -- What Is It?" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/what-is-headache-hygiene/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/headaches.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/headaches.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/headaches/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolores-de-cabeza/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/headache.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/headache.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/headache.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/headache.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches - danger signs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000424.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000424.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches and Hormones: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/ART-20046729?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20046729?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches during Pregnancy: What's the Best Treatment?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches in Children" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/headaches-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches in Children" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/headaches-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20352099?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/headaches-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20352099?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches: Reduce Stress to Prevent the Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/ART-20046707?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/art-20046707?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches: Treatment Depends on Your Diagnosis and Symptoms" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/ART-20047375?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/headaches-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemicrania Continua" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hemicrania-continua">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intractable Headache - The Pain in Your Head that Just Won't Quit" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/intractable-headache/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-Tyramine Diet for Migraine Disease" url="https://headaches.org/resources/low-tyramine-diet-for-individuals-with-headache-or-migraine/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Headache Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing tension headaches at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000421.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nighttime Headaches: How Can I Get Relief?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/expert-answers/nighttime-headaches/FAQ-20057919?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/expert-answers/nighttime-headaches/faq-20057919?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occipital Neuralgia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/occipital-neuralgia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paroxysmal Hemicrania" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/paroxysmal-hemicrania">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Headache" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Headache%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Headache+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="SUNCT Headache (Short-Lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/sunct-headache">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tension headache" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000797.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000797.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tension Headache" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20353977?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tension-Type Headaches: Self-Care Measures for Relief" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/ART-20047631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/in-depth/headaches/art-20047631?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thunderclap Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thunderclap-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20378361?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to Go to the Emergency Room for a Headache or Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/when-to-go-to-the-er-for-headache-migraine/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Regular health exams and tests can help find problems before they start. Learn about what you can do to make the most of your next check-up." title="Health Checkup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html" id="4751" language="English" date-created="07/23/2008">
<also-called>Annual checkup</also-called>
<also-called>Annual physical examination</also-called>
<also-called>Routine physical examination</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Regular checkups with your health care provider are different from appointments for sickness or injury. These checkups include physical exams as well as preventive care. Preventative care may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;Screening tests&lt;/a&gt;, which are medical tests to check for diseases early, when they may be easier to treat. Which screenings you need will depend on your:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Age &lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Sex&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Overall health&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html"&gt;Family health history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Risks for certain diseases&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;Vaccines&lt;/a&gt;, which can improve your health by preventing diseases and other health problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Education and counseling to help you make informed health decisions. This could include advice about your lifestyle, including your diet, how much exercise you get, and any alcohol, tobacco, or other substances you may be using.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;To make the most of your next check-up, here are some things to do before you go:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review your family health history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Find out if you are due for any general screenings or vaccines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make and bring a list of issues and questions you would like to talk about with your provider&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make and bring a list of any medicines, vitamins, supplements that you take&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html" id="4752" language="Spanish">Chequeo médico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010808">Physical Examination</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5435">Baby Health Checkup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html" id="4482">Health Screening</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html" id="1597">Healthy Living</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html" id="6288">Vital Signs</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5321">Women's Health Checkup</related-topic>
<see-reference>Annual Physical Examination</see-reference>
<site title="Adult Immunization Schedule by Age (Addendum Updated June 27, 2024)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/adult-age.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are You Up to Date on Your Preventive Care?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-disease/prevention/preventive-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/preventive-care/are-you-up-to-date-on-your-preventive-care/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baby Health Checkup: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for men age 65 and older" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007466.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for men ages 18 to 39" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007464.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for men ages 40 to 64" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007465.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Understand Your Lab Results" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-entender-el-resultado-de-sus-pruebas-de-laboratorio/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HRSA: Find a Health Center" url="https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Care and Your 13- to 18-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-13-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-13-18.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical exam frequency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002125.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventive Services for Healthy Living" url="https://familydoctor.org/preventive-services-healthy-living/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/servicios-preventivos-para-una-vida-sana/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventive Visit and Yearly Wellness Exams" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Checkup" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Physical+Examination%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="QuestionBuilder App" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Screening Tests for Men Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007465_19.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007465_79.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking With Your Doctor: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Well-child visits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001928.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women's Health Checkup: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Checkups" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/checkups.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Health disparities refer to differences in the health status of different groups of people. Read more." title="Health Disparities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthdisparities.html" id="4578" language="English" date-created="03/26/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Health disparities are health differences between different groups of people. These health differences may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many people get certain diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How severe the diseases are&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many people have complications because of the diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many people die from a disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether people can get health care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many people get screened for a disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These groups of people may be based on:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Race&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ethnicity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Immigrant status&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sex or gender&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sexual orientation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Geography&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Income&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Level of education&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthdisparities.html" id="4579" language="Spanish">Disparidades de la salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D054625">Healthcare Disparities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D054624">Health Status Disparities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthdisparities.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimhd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/americanindianandalaskanativehealth.html" id="337">American Indian and Alaska Native Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asianamericanhealth.html" id="150">Asian American Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blackandafricanamericanhealth.html" id="162">Black and African American Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/latinoandhispanicamericanhealth.html" id="288">Latino and Hispanic American Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lgbtqiahealth.html" id="261">LGBTQIA+ Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html" id="322">Men's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21">Older Adult Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ruralhealthconcerns.html" id="3698">Rural Health Concerns</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealth.html" id="462">Women's Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Health Equity</see-reference>
<site title="'Why Can't I Sleep?!'" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-cant-i-sleep" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/por-que-no-puedo-dormir">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Behavioral Health Equity" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/behavioral-health-equity">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="By the Numbers: Health Disparities in Pregnancy" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/by-the-numbers-health-disparities-in-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/estadisticas-interesantes-disparidades-en-salud-de-los-embarazos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Care Widens Its Reach: Reducing Cancer Health Disparities" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/cancer-care-widens-its-reach" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cuidado-del-cancer-amplia-su-alcance">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Data and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/data/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/dcpc/data/index.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Health Disparities Definitions and Examples" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/organization/cche/about-health-disparities/definitions">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Race/Ethnicity Statistics" url="https://surveillance.cancer.gov/statistics/types/race_ethnic.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trial Diversity" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/clinical-trial-diversity" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/minority-health-and-health-equity-resources/diversidad-en-los-estudios-clinicos-hoja-informativa">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Healthcare Disparities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=Healthcare+Disparities&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Racial and Ethnic Disparities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=(racial+OR+ethnic)+AND+disparities&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disparities in the Impact of Air Pollution" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/who-is-at-risk/disparities">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Disparities in HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STDs, and Tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/health-disparities-hiv-std-tb-hepatitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Disparities in Oral Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/health-equity/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Equity in Healthy People 2030" url="https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/health-equity-healthy-people-2030">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indian Health Disparities" url="https://www.ihs.gov/newsroom/index.cfm/factsheets/disparities/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Indian Health Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health -- Healthy People 2020" url="https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-health?topicid=25">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minority Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/minority-health/about/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities" url="https://www.nimhd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neglected Diseases" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Neglected-Diseases">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Disparities" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Status+Disparities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Healthcare+Disparities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Researchers Are Exposing Troubling Consequences of Air Pollution" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/researchers-are-exposing-troubling-consequences-of-air-pollution" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-investigadores-estan-exponiendo-las-preocupantes-consecuencias-de-la-contaminacion-ambiental">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rural Health Disparities" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/rural-health-disparities">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Truth About African American Women and Heart Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/truth-about-african-american-women-and-heart-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis and Black or African American Persons" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/health-equity/black-or-african-american-persons.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/populations/tbinafricanamericans/default.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Influences of Sex and Gender in Health and Disease" url="https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/sex-and-gender-in-health-and-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Research on Women's Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Health facilities are places that provide health care such as hospitals, clinics, outpatient care centers, and specialized care centers. Learn more." title="Health Facilities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfacilities.html" id="486" language="English" date-created="12/29/1999">
<also-called>Health care facilities</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Health facilities are places that provide health care. They include hospitals, clinics, outpatient care centers, and specialized care centers, such as birthing centers and psychiatric care centers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you choose a health facility, you might want to consider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How close it is to where you live or work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether your health insurance will pay for services there&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether your health care provider can treat you there&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The quality of the facility&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quality is important.  Some facilities do a better job than others. One way to learn about the quality of a facility is to look at report cards developed by federal, state, and consumer groups.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfacilities.html" id="1934" language="Spanish">Centros de salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006268">Health Facilities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006761">Hospitals</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfacilities.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html" id="1355">Hospice Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html" id="1354">Nursing Homes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616">Patient Safety</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hospitals</see-reference>
<site title="Birthing Centers and Hospital Maternity Services" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/birth-centers-hospitals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/birth-centers-hospitals.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a skilled nursing and rehabilitation facility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts on U.S. Hospitals" url="https://www.aha.org/statistics/fast-facts-us-hospitals">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Hospital Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Ambulatory Care Use and Physician Office Visits" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/physician-visits.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Clinic" url="https://nafcclinics.org/find-clinic/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Association of Free and Charitable Clinics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going to the Hospital" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hospital.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hospital.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs" url="https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sbtopic.jsp">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Ambulatory Care" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-ambulatory.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/assetmanager/hyc_ahc_spanishpdf.pdf?db=web&amp;hash=A3CF1C682FB2622A1415FFE8D9A63731">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Hospital Care" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-hospital.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Nursing Care Center Services" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-nursing-care.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to choose the best hospital for surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007497.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isolation precautions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leaving the hospital - your discharge plan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Find and Compare Health Care Providers" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing infections when visiting someone in the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Facilities" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Facilities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hospitals%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="QuestionBuilder App" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Report a Patient Safety Concern or File a Complaint" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safety-topics/report-a-patient-safety-concern-or-complaint/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="School-Based Health Centers" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/school-based-health.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/school-based-health.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skilled nursing or rehabilitation facilities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wound care centers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Health fraud scams promise help, treatments or cures but haven't been proven effective. Learn how to protect yourself." title="Health Fraud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfraud.html" id="724" language="English" date-created="12/29/1999">
<also-called>Health scams</also-called>
<also-called>Quackery</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Health fraud scams involve selling medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;supplements&lt;/a&gt;, devices, foods, or cosmetics that have not been proven effective. At best, these scams don't work. At worst, they're dangerous. They also waste money and might keep you from getting the treatment you really need.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the possible dangers of scam products are that they could:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be contaminated from being made in unclean facilities or without proper quality control&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contain harmful ingredients that are not listed on the label&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trigger a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;harmful interaction&lt;/a&gt; with medicines you are taking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cause serious, even life-threatening, injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Health fraud scams can be found everywhere, promising help for many common health issues, including weight loss, memory loss, sexual performance, and joint pain. They target people with serious conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Just remember - if it sounds too good to be true, it's probably a scam. Some red flags to watch for are product claims that:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have personal testimonials by "real" people or "doctors" played by actors claiming amazing results.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Say that the product can treat or cure a wide range of unrelated diseases. No one product can treat or cure many different illnesses.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Mention conspiracy theories like "This is the cure our government and Big Pharma don't want you to know about."&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Include phrases such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ancient remedy&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Miracle cure&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No-risk money back guarantee&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Natural cure&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quick fix&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Secret ingredient&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Scientific breakthrough&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use scientific-sounding terms that don't make sense for the products, such as "molecule multiplicity."&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Refer to prestigious prizes, for example "Nobel Prize winning technology."&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before taking an unproven or little-known product, talk to your health care provider, especially if you are taking any prescription medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfraud.html" id="1935" language="Spanish">Fraude en los servicios de salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005607">Fraud</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfraud.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Quackery</see-reference>
<site title="6 Tip-offs to Rip-offs: Don't Fall for Health Fraud Scams" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/6-tip-offs-rip-offs-dont-fall-health-fraud-scams" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/6-consejos-contra-las-estafas-no-se-deje-enganar-por-los-fraudes-de-salud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beware of Illegally Marketed Diabetes Treatments, Fraudulent Pharmacies" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-illegally-marketed-diabetes-treatments-fraudulent-pharmacies" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-los-tratamientos-que-se-comercializan-ilegalmente-para-la-diabetes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caution Consumers: Honey-Based or Honey-Flavored Syrup Products May Pose Health Risk" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/caution-consumers-honey-based-or-honey-flavored-syrup-products-may-pose-health-risk">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Health Scams" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/common-health-scams" language-mapped-url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/estafas-mas-comunes-relacionadas-con-la-salud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Do Not Use: Black Salve is Dangerous and Called by Many Names" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/do-not-use-black-salve-dangerous-and-called-many-names" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/no-lo-use-el-balsamo-negro-es-peligroso-y-se-conoce-por-muchos-nombres">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Buy Medicines Safely from an Online Pharmacy" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-buy-medicines-safely-online-pharmacy" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-comprar-medicamentos-de-forma-segura-en-una-farmacia-virtual">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Spot Health Fraud" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/bioterrorism-and-drug-preparedness/how-spot-health-fraud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Products Claiming to &quot;Cure&quot; Cancer Are a Cruel Deception" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-claiming-cure-cancer-are-cruel-deception" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-que-afirman-curar-el-cancer-son-un-engano-cruel">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Family from Fraudulent Flu Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/protect-your-family-fraudulent-flu-products" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/proteja-su-familia-de-los-productos-fraudulentos-para-la-gripe">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting yourself from cancer scams" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Fraud" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fraud%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quick Tips for Buying Medicines Over the Internet" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/buying-using-medicine-safely/quick-tips-buying-medicines-over-internet" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/compra-de-medicinas-recetadas-traves-del-internet-una-guia-para-el-consumidor-0">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Health insurance helps protect you from high medical care costs. Read about different types of benefits and what is covered." title="Health Insurance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html" id="274" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Health insurance helps protect you from high medical care costs. It is a contract between you and your insurance company. You buy a plan or policy, and the company agrees to pay part of your expenses when you need medical care.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people in the United States get a health insurance policy through their employers. In most cases, the employer helps pay for that insurance. Insurance through employers is often with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/managedcare.html"&gt;managed care&lt;/a&gt; plan. These plans contract with health care providers and medical facilities to provide care for members at reduced costs. You can also purchase health insurance on your own.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who meet certain requirements can qualify for government health insurance, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicare.html"&gt;Medicare&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaid.html"&gt;Medicaid&lt;/a&gt;. The Affordable Care Act expands health insurance coverage for many people in the U.S. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html" id="1936" language="Spanish">Seguro de salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007348">Insurance, Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html" id="3186">Financial Assistance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/managedcare.html" id="1114">Managed Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaid.html" id="1453">Medicaid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicare.html" id="1257">Medicare</related-topic>
<see-reference>Affordable Care Act</see-reference>
<see-reference>HIPAA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insurance</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services" url="https://www.cms.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Insurance Basics" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/insurance.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Insurance Data" url="https://www.census.gov/topics/health/health-insurance/data.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of the Census</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Insurance: Understanding What It Covers" url="https://familydoctor.org/health-insurance-understanding-covers/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguro-medico-entendiendo-lo-que-este-cubre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="HealthCare.gov" url="https://www.healthcare.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to choose a health plan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000861.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Get Help with Medical Expenses" url="https://www.usa.gov/help-with-medical-bills">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>General Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Shop for Health Insurance" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/buy-health-insurance.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/buy-health-insurance.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Facts about the Uninsured Population" url="https://www.kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Need Health Insurance?" url="https://www.healthcare.gov/get-coverage/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Insurance" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insurance%2C+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Savings account for health care costs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000864.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips About the Health Insurance Marketplace" url="https://www.healthcare.gov/quick-guide/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/quick-guide/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding health insurance plans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000879.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000879.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding your health care costs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000878.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding your hospital bill" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000881.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions." title="Health Literacy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthliteracy.html" id="4565" language="English" date-created="12/19/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is health literacy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health literacy involves the information that people need to be able to make good decisions about health. There are two parts:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Personal health literacy&lt;/strong&gt; is about how well a person can find and understand the health information and services that they need. It is also about using the information and services to make good health decisions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Organizational health literacy&lt;/strong&gt; is about to how well organizations help people find the health information and services that they need. It also includes helping them use that information to make good health decisions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which factors can affect health literacy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many different factors can affect a person's health literacy, including their:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Knowledge of medical words&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Understanding of how the health care system works&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ability to communicate with health care providers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ability to find health information, which may require computer skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reading, writing, and number skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personal factors, such as age, income, education, language abilities, and culture&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical or mental limitations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many of the same people who are at risk for limited health literacy also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthdisparities.html"&gt;health disparities&lt;/a&gt;. Health disparities are health differences between different groups of people. These groups may be based on age, race, gender, or other factors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why is health literacy important?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health literacy is important because it can affect your ability to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make good decisions about your health&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get the medical care you need. This includes preventative care, which is care to prevent disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;Take your medicines correctly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manage a disease, especially a chronic disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lead a healthy lifestyle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One thing that you can do is to make sure that you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;communicate well with your health care providers&lt;/a&gt;. If you don't understand something a provider tells you, ask them to explain it to you so that you understand. You can also ask the provider to write down their instructions.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthliteracy.html" id="4566" language="Spanish">Comprendiendo la información de salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D057220">Health Literacy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthliteracy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3176">Evaluating Health Information</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientrights.html" id="4253">Patient Rights</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3073">Talking With Your Doctor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3894">Understanding Medical Research</related-topic>
<site title="Addressing Health Literacy" url="https://www.hrsa.gov/about/organization/bureaus/ohe/health-literacy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Be More Engaged in Your Health Care: Tips for Patients" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/be-engaged/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/beinvolvedsp.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC Clear Communication Index" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ccindex/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clear &amp; Simple" url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication/clear-simple">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Health Literacy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22health+literacy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Federal Plain Language Guidelines" url="https://www.plainlanguage.gov/guidelines/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>General Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Literacy" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/health-literacy/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Literacy" url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication/health-literacy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Literacy Online: A Guide for Simplifying the User Experience" url="https://health.gov/healthliteracyonline/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospitals as health educators" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000862.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kids' Medical Dictionary" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/word/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/word/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Library of Medicine" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion" url="https://health.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-Counter Medicine Label: Take a Look" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/over-counter-medicine-label-take-look">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plain Language: Getting Started or Brushing Up" url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication/plain-language/plain-language-getting-started-or-brushing">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Literacy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Literacy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="QuestionBuilder App" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Some Common Abbreviations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and User's Guide" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/health-literacy/patient-education/pemat.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Medical Words: A Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medwords/medicalwords.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Interactive Tutorial</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Health Literacy?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Word Parts and What They Mean" url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendixa.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People with jobs in the medical field provide healthcare for millions of people. Find out about medical and healthcare careers. " title="Health Occupations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthoccupations.html" id="1483" language="English" date-created="05/21/2001">
<also-called>Health careers</also-called>
<also-called>Health professions</also-called>
<also-called>Medical occupations</also-called>
<also-called>Medical professions</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every day, around the clock, people who work in the health care industry provide care for millions of people, from newborns to the very ill. In fact, the health care industry is one of largest providers of jobs in the United States. Many health jobs are in hospitals. Others are in nursing homes, doctors' offices, dentists' offices, outpatient clinics and laboratories.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To work in a health occupation, you often must have special training.  Some, like doctors, must have more than 4 years of college.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Bureau of Labor Statistics&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthoccupations.html" id="1937" language="Spanish">Profesiones en el campo de la salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006281">Health Occupations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthoccupations.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html" id="1433">Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service</related-topic>
<see-reference>Careers</see-reference>
<see-reference>Medical Professions</see-reference>
<site title="Audiologists" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Audiologists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biochemists and Biophysicists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Life-Physical-and-Social-Science/Biochemists-and-biophysicists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biological Technicians" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Life-Physical-and-Social-Science/Biological-technicians.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractors" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Chiropractors.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/clinical-laboratory-technologists-and-technicians.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Assistants" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Dental-assistants.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Hygienists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Dental-hygienists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Dentists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic Medical Sonographers and Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Diagnostic-medical-sonographers.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietitians and Nutritionists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Dietitians-and-nutritionists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and Paramedics" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/EMTs-and-paramedics.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Physiologists" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/exercise-physiologists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Care Providers: Nurses" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hcp-nursing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hcp-nursing.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Education Specialists and Community Health Workers" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/health-educators.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Health and Personal Care Aides" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/home-health-aides-and-personal-care-aides.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Disease Specialist: What Is an Infectious Disease Specialist?" url="https://www.idsociety.org/public-health/what-is-an-id-specialist">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Infectious Diseases Society of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Massage Therapists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/massage-therapists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical and Health Services Managers" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Management/Medical-and-health-services-managers.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Assistants" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Medical-assistants.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Records Specialists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Medical-records-and-health-information-technicians.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Scientists" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Life-Physical-and-Social-Science/Medical-scientists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Transcriptionists" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Medical-transcriptionists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Nursing Research" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nursing Assistants and Orderlies" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Nursing-assistants.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nursing: Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Licensed-practical-and-licensed-vocational-nurses.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nursing: Registered Nurses" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Registered-nurses.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Outlook Handbook: Healthcare Occupations" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/home.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Therapist Assistants and Aides" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Occupational-therapy-assistants-and-aides.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opticians" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Opticians-dispensing.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optometrists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Optometrists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Pharmacists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacy Technicians" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Pharmacy-technicians.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapist-assistants-and-aides.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Therapists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physician Assistants" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physician-assistants.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physicians and Surgeons" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physicians-and-surgeons.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Podiatrists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Podiatrists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychologists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Life-Physical-and-Social-Science/Psychologists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Occupations" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Occupations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recreational Therapists" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Recreational-therapists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Therapists" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Respiratory-therapists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Social and Human Service Assistants" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Community-and-Social-Service/Social-and-human-service-assistants.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Assistants and Technologists" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Surgical-technologists.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of health care providers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001933.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Veterinarians" url="https://stats.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Veterinarians.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Veterinary Technologists and Technicians" url="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Veterinary-technologists-and-technicians.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Gastroenterologist?" url="https://gi.org/patients/gi-health-and-disease/what-is-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is an Ophthalmologist?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about illnesses and conditions that can make a pregnancy risky such as cancer and gestational diabetes. Get the facts on specific conditions and complications." title="Health Problems in Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105" language="English" date-created="01/18/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; has some risk of problems, but there are certain conditions and health issues that can raise that risk, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; A health condition you had before you got pregnant&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A health condition you develop during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A pregnancy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;more than one baby&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A health problem that happened during a previous pregnancy and could happen again&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Substance use during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being over age 35&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Any of these can affect your health, the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;health of your baby&lt;/a&gt;, or both.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a chronic condition, you should talk to your health care provider about how to minimize your risk &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/preconceptioncare.html"&gt;before you get pregnant&lt;/a&gt;. Once you are pregnant, you may need a health care team to monitor your pregnancy. Some common conditions that can complicate a pregnancy include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tumorsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other conditions that may make pregnancy risky can develop during pregnancy - for example, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;gestational diabetes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html"&gt;Rh incompatibility&lt;/a&gt;. Good &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal care&lt;/a&gt; can help detect and treat them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some symptoms, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back pain&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, are common during pregnancy.  Sometimes it is hard to know what is normal. Call your health care provider if something is bothering or worrying you.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956" language="Spanish">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018566">Pregnancy, High-Risk</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011248">Pregnancy Complications</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html" id="5893">Childbirth Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1408">Diabetes and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6057">Fetal Health and Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="1508">High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470">HIV and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3154">Infections and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5578">Pregnancy and Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385">Pregnancy and Substance Use</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html" id="1519">Premature Babies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6">Prenatal Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html" id="5901">Rh Incompatibility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5534">Tumors and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="1520">Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births</related-topic>
<see-reference>High Risk Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy Complications</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy and Health Problems</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy, High-Risk</see-reference>
<site title="About High-Risk Pregnancy" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/high-risk/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/asthma-and-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/asma-embarazo/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma, Allergies and Pregnancy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/asthma,-allergies-and-pregnancy-ttr" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/asma,-alergias-y-embarazo-consejos-para-tener-en-c">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Pain during Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/back%20pain%20during%20pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-dolor-de-espalda-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bed rest during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000581.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benefits of Counseling During Pregnancy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/05/benefits-counseling-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/beneficios-del-apoyo-sicologico-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding and Spotting from the Vagina during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/bleeding-and-spotting-vagina-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/sangrado-y-manchado-de-la-vagina-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Clotting and Pregnancy" url="https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-clots/pregnancy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Hematology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="By the Numbers: Health Disparities in Pregnancy" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/by-the-numbers-health-disparities-in-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/estadisticas-interesantes-disparidades-en-salud-de-los-embarazos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Length: Why Does It Matter during Pregnancy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Health Conditions and Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/chronic-health-conditions-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/condiciones-cronicas-de-salud-y-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy Complications" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy+Complications%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy, High-Risk" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy,+High-Risk%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delivering Safer Pregnancies: Lower Your Risk of Health Problems" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/delivering-safer-pregnancies" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/embarazos-mas-seguros">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/depression-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-depresion/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Diastasis recti" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001602.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Epilepsy and Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/epilepsy-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/epilepsia-epilepsia-y-embarazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
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<site title="Family Planning and Pregnancy with Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/living-with-ms/diet-exercise-and-healthy-behaviors/pregnancy">
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<site title="Headaches during Pregnancy: What's the Best Treatment?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1">
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<site title="Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy">
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<site title="Placental Abruption" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/placental-abruption" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/desprendimiento-de-la-placenta.aspx">
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<site title="Pregnancy after 35: Healthy Pregnancies, Healthy Babies" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756?p=1">
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<site title="Pregnancy and Obesity: Know the Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy-and-obesity/art-20044409?p=1">
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<site title="Pregnancy and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/pregnancy-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/embarazo-y-enfermedad-reumatica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Pregnancy Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/pregnancy-complications/">
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<site title="Pregnant and Postpartum People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/pregnant-postpartum/">
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<site title="Prenatal Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">
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<site title="Preventing Overheating during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/overheating-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/overheating-pregnancy.html">
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<site title="Progesterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<site title="Providing Support for Pregnant or Postpartum People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/caring/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/parejas-amigos-familiares/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Health Problems in Pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy%2C+High-Risk%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pregnancy+Complications%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Urgent Maternal Warnings Signs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/docs/pdf/hearher_women_palmcard_5x7-spanish-508c.pdf">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Thyroid Disease &amp; Pregnancy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/pregnancy-thyroid-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/enfermedad-tiroides-embarazo">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Umbilical Cord Conditions" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/umbilical-cord-conditions" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/anomalias-del-cordon-umbilical.aspx">
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<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm">
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<site title="Vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm">
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<site title="Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003264.htm">
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<site title="What Are Some Factors that Make a Pregnancy High Risk?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/high-risk/conditioninfo/factors" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/high-risk/informacion/factores">
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<health-topic meta-desc="An inactive lifestyle, with too much sitting and not enough exercise, is bad for you. Learn about the health risks and how you can be more active." title="Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html" id="6543" language="English" date-created="06/27/2017">
<also-called>Sedentary Lifestyle</also-called>
<also-called>Sitting Disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is an inactive lifestyle?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Being a couch potato. Not exercising. A sedentary or inactive lifestyle. You have probably heard of all of these phrases, and they mean the same thing: a lifestyle with a lot of sitting and lying down, with very little to no exercise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the United States and around the world, people are spending more and more time doing sedentary activities. During our leisure time, we are often sitting: while using a computer or other device, watching TV, or playing video games. Many of our jobs have become more sedentary, with long days sitting at a desk. And the way most of us get around involves sitting - in cars, on buses, and on trains.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does an inactive lifestyle affect your body?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you have an inactive lifestyle,:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You burn fewer calories. This makes you more likely to gain weight.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;You may lose muscle strength and endurance, because you are not using your muscles as much&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your bones may get weaker and lose some mineral content&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your metabolism may be affected, and your body may have more trouble breaking down fats and sugars&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your immune system may not work as well&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may have poorer blood circulation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your body may have more inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may develop a hormonal imbalance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health risks of an inactive lifestyle?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having an inactive lifestyle can be one of the causes of many chronic diseases. By not getting regular exercise, you raise your risk of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;High cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain cancers, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;breast&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html"&gt;uterine&lt;/a&gt; cancers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased feelings of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having a sedentary lifestyle can also raise your risk of premature death. And the more sedentary you are, the higher your health risks are.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I get started with exercise?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have been inactive, you may need to start slowly. You can keep adding more exercise gradually. The more you can do, the better. But try not to feel overwhelmed, and do what you can. Getting some exercise is always better than getting none. Eventually, your goal can be to get the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;recommended amount of exercise&lt;/a&gt; for your age and health.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;There are many different ways to get exercise; it is important to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;find the types that are best for you&lt;/a&gt;. You can also try to add activity to your life in smaller ways, such as at home and at work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I be more active around the house?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are some ways you can be active around your house:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Housework, gardening, and yard work are all physical work. To increase the intensity, you could try doing them at a more vigorous pace.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Keep moving while you watch TV. Lift hand weights, do some gentle yoga stretches, or pedal an exercise bike. Instead of using the TV remote, get up and change the channels yourself.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work out at home with a workout video (on your TV or on the internet)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Go for a walk in your neighborhood. It can be more fun if you walk your dog, walk your kids to school, or walk with a friend.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stand up when talking on the phone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get some exercise equipment for your home. Treadmills and elliptical trainers are great, but not everyone has the money or space for one. Less expensive equipment such as yoga balls, exercise mats, stretch bands, and hand weights can help you get a workout at home too.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I be more active at work?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most of us sit when we are working, often in front of a computer. In fact, less than 20% of Americans have physically active jobs. It can be challenging to fit physical activity into your busy workday, but here are some tips to help you get moving:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get up from your chair and move around at least once an hour&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stand when you are talking on the phone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Find out whether your company can get you a stand-up or treadmill desk&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take the stairs instead of the elevator&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use your break or part of your lunch hour to walk around the building&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stand up and walk to a colleague's office instead of sending an email&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have "walking" or standing meetings with co-workers instead of sitting in a conference room&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html" id="6544" language="Spanish">Riesgos de una vida sedentaria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D057185">Sedentary Behavior</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sedentary Behavior" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sedentary+Behavior%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and Physical Fitness: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise for Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise for Seniors: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforseniors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforseniors.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get Real about Getting Active" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/getting-active/get-real-about-getting-active">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep Active and Eat Healthy to Improve Well-Being and Feel Great" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/keep-active-eat-healthy-feel-great">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/physical-activity-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/obesidad/actividad-fisica-hoja-informativa">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sedentary+Behavior%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screen time and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000355.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Standing or Walking Versus Sitting on the Job in 2016" url="https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/standing-or-walking-versus-sitting-on-the-job-in-2016.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Labor</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Starting Physical Activity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/tips-get-active/tips-starting-physical-activity">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Risks of Sitting Too Much?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/sitting/faq-20058005?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/sitting/faq-20058005?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Screenings are tests that look for diseases before you have symptoms. Learn about conditions you can be common health screening tests." title="Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html" id="4482" language="English" date-created="07/09/2007">
<also-called>Screening tests</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Screenings are tests that look for diseases before you have symptoms. Screening tests can find diseases early, when they're easier to treat. You can get some screenings in your doctor's office. Others need special equipment, so you may need to go to a different office or clinic.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some conditions that doctors commonly screen for include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;Breast cancer&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;cervical cancer&lt;/a&gt; in women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;Colorectal cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;High cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overweight and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html"&gt;Prostate cancer&lt;/a&gt; in men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Which tests you need depends on your age, your sex, your family history, and whether you have risk factors for certain diseases.  After a screening test, ask when you will get the results and whom to talk to about them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html" id="4483" language="Spanish">Exámenes médicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003955">Diagnostic Tests, Routine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6206">Cervical Cancer Screening</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html" id="4751">Health Checkup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html" id="1597">Healthy Living</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/laboratorytests.html" id="210">Laboratory Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html" id="6208">Prostate Cancer Screening</related-topic>
<see-reference>Screening Tests</see-reference>
<site title="Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool" url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/adultimmsched/" language-mapped-url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/adultimmsched/quiz-sp.asp">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beyond Basic Blood Tests: A Window Into Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Test: Lead (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-lead.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculate Your Body Mass Index" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Screening Overview" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/patient-screening-overview-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/deteccion/aspectos-generales-deteccion-paciente-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Screening: How Do Screening Tests Become Standard Tests?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/patient-screening-overview-pdq#_34" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/deteccion/aspectos-generales-deteccion-paciente-pdq#_149">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Child and Teen BMI Calculator Widget" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Screening and Diagnosis for Hepatitis C" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/hcp/diagnosis-testing/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complete Blood Count (CBC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/depression-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-depresion/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get Screened" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-screened" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/pruebas-deteccion/hazte-pruebas-deteccion-temprana">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting Professional Eye Care" url="https://preventblindness.org/getting-professional-eye-care/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Prevent Blindness America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Insurance: Understanding What It Covers" url="https://familydoctor.org/health-insurance-understanding-covers/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguro-medico-entendiendo-lo-que-este-cubre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Screening Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/health-screens.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/health-screens.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Living by Age" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Cope with Medical Test Anxiety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Understand Your Lab Results" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-entender-el-resultado-de-sus-pruebas-de-laboratorio/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laboratory Tests for Screening Diseases" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJxYyLGdRNY">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>College of American Pathologists</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer Screening" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-cancer-screening/about/pac-20385024?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lung-cancer-screening/about/pac-20385024?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammograms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/mammograms-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-mamografias">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicare Preventive and Screening Services" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/preventive-screening-services" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/preventive-screening-services">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening Center" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/mental-health-screening-center/">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pap Smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Screening" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diagnostic+Tests%2C+Routine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="QuestionBuilder App" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-cancer-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-cancer-de-piel/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="STD Testing: What's Right for You" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/ART-20046019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/art-20046019?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="To Screen or Not to Screen? The Benefits and Harms of Screening Tests" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/03/screen-or-not-screen" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/hacer-o-no-hacer-pruebas-de-deteccion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tuberculosis-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tuberculosis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vision Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Whole-Body CT Screening -- Should I or Shouldn't I Get One?" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/whole-body-ct-screening-should-i-or-shouldnt-i-get-one">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Health statistics are numbers about some aspect of health. Researchers use statistics to see patterns of diseases in groups of people. Learn more." title="Health Statistics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthstatistics.html" id="275" language="English" date-created="12/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Health statistics are numbers that summarize information related to health. Researchers and experts from government, private, and non-profit agencies and organizations collect health statistics. They use the statistics to learn about public health and health care. Some of the types of statistics include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many people in the country have a disease or how many people got the disease within a certain period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many people of a certain group have a disease. The groups could be based on location, race, ethnic group, sex, age, profession, income level, level of education. This can help identify &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthdisparities.html"&gt;health disparities&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether a treatment is safe and effective&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many people were born and died. These are known as vital statistics.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;How many people have access to and use health care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The quality and efficiency of our health care system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Health care costs, including how much the government, employers, and individuals pay for health care. It could include how poor health can affect the country economically&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The impact of government programs and policies on health&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Risk factors for different diseases. An example would be how &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;air pollution&lt;/a&gt; can raise your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ways to lower risk for diseases, such as exercise and weight loss to lower the risk of getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Numbers on a graph or in a chart may seem straightforward, but that's not always the case. It's important to be critical and consider the source. If needed, ask questions to help you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html"&gt;understand&lt;/a&gt; the statistics and what they are showing.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthstatistics.html" id="1938" language="Spanish">Estadísticas de salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013223">Statistics as Topic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthstatistics.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3894">Understanding Medical Research</related-topic>
<see-reference>Statistics</see-reference>
<site title="America's Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being" url="https://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="America's Young Adults" url="https://www.childstats.gov/pdf/ac2014/YA_14.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Death among children and adolescents" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001915.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001915.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: A to Z" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Adolescent Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adolescent-health.htm">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Child Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/child-health.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Deaths and Mortality" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Leading Causes of Death" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Life Expectancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/life-expectancy.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Men's Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/mens-health.htm">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Older Persons' Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/older-american-health.htm">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Women's Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/womens-health.htm">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Global Health Observatory (GHO): Mortality and Global Health Estimates" url="https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health, United States, 2018" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/infant-mortality/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant mortality: Death Rates Among Infants by Detailed Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother, Selected Years 1983-2019" url="https://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/tables/health2.asp?popup=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leading Health Indicators -- Healthy People 2030" url="https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/leading-health-indicators">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Health Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/index.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) Birth Data" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/births.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Americans 2020: Key Indicators of Well-Being" url="https://agingstats.gov/data.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health statistics" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Statistics+as+Topic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="State Health Facts" url="https://www.kff.org/statedata/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Top 10 Causes of Death in the World" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="As you get older, risk of chronic diseases increases. A healthy lifestyle and chronic condition management can help you live more independently later in life." title="Healthy Aging" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyaging.html" id="5704" language="English" date-created="11/23/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;People in the U.S. are living longer, and the number of older adults in the population is growing. As we age, our minds and bodies change. Having a healthy lifestyle can help you deal with those changes. It may also prevent some health problems and  help you to make the most of your life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A healthy lifestyle for older adults includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;Healthy eating&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; As you age, your dietary needs may change. You may need fewer calories, but you still need to get enough nutrients. A healthy eating plan includes 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Eating foods that give you lots of nutrients without a lot of extra calories. This includes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, nuts, and seeds.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Avoiding empty calories, such as foods like chips, candy, baked goods, soda, and alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Eating foods that are low in cholesterol and fat&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Drinking enough liquids, so you don't get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydrated&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html"&gt;Regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Being physically active may help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid chronic health problems. If you have not been active, you can start slowly and work up to your goal. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;How much exercise you need&lt;/a&gt; depends on your age and health. Check with your health care provider on what is right for you.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Staying at a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Being either overweight or underweight can lead to health problems. Ask your health care professional what a healthy weight for you may be. Healthy eating and exercise can help you get to that weight.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keeping your mind active.&lt;/strong&gt; Lots of activities can keep your mind active and improve your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory&lt;/a&gt;, including learning new skills, reading, and playing games.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Making your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html"&gt;mental health&lt;/a&gt; a priority.&lt;/strong&gt; Work on &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;improving your mental health&lt;/a&gt;, for example by practicing mediation, relaxation techniques, or gratitude. Know the warning signs of a problem and ask for help if you are struggling.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participating in activities that you enjoy.&lt;/strong&gt; People who are involved in hobbies and social and leisure activities may be at lower risk for some health problems. Doing things that you enjoy may help you feel happier and improve your thinking abilities.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Playing an active role in your health care.&lt;/strong&gt; Make sure that you get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html"&gt;regular checkups&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;health screenings&lt;/a&gt; that you need. You should know which medicines you are taking, why you need them, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;how to take them properly&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not smoking.&lt;/strong&gt; If you are a smoker, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting&lt;/a&gt; is one of the most important things that you can do for your health. It can lower your risk of several different types of cancer, certain lung diseases, and heart disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Taking steps to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Older adults have a higher risk of falling. They are also more likely to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fracture&lt;/a&gt; (break) a bone when they fall. Getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html"&gt;eye checkups&lt;/a&gt;, getting regular physical activity, and making your house safer can lower your risk of falling.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Following these tips can help you to stay healthy as you age. Even if you have never done them before, it's never too late to start taking care of your health. If you have questions about these lifestyle changes or need help figuring out how to make them, ask your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html" id="5705" language="Spanish">Envejecer saludablemente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073656">Healthy Aging</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1530">Exercise for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="1616">Nutrition for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21">Older Adult Health</related-topic>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="AGS Health in Aging Foundation" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Geriatrics Society" url="https://www.americangeriatrics.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Geriatrics Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Health" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: General Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/generalhealthdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare Locator" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/index.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fun Ways for Older Adults to Stay Physically Active" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/fun-ways-older-adults-stay-physically-active" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/algunas-maneras-divertidas-adultos-mayores-se-mantengan-fisicamente-activos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for men age 65 and older" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007466.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for women age 65 and older" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007463.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Tips for Older Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Live Long, Be Well: Science-Based Tips for Healthy Aging" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/live-long-be-well-science-based-tips-for-healthy-aging" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/vivir-largo-tiempo-estar-bien">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Memory Loss: 7 Tips to Improve Your Memory" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Seniors: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforseniors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforseniors.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Americans 2020: Key Indicators of Well-Being" url="https://agingstats.gov/data.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Participating in Activities You Enjoy as You Age" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-aging/participating-activities-you-enjoy-you-age">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Participating in the Arts Creates Paths to Healthy Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/participating-arts-creates-paths-healthy-aging">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/prevention">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Health as You Grow Older" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/physical-activity/protect-your-health-you-grow-older" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/actividad-fisica/protege-tu-salud-medida-envejeces">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Aging" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Healthy+Aging%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+aged+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety for Older Consumers: Home Safety Checklist" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/701.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Setting Goals to Be More Active Slows Memory Decline in Older African Americans" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/setting-goals-be-more-active-slows-memory-decline-older-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Well-Aged Mind: Maintaining Your Cognitive Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Do We Know about Healthy Aging?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-aging/what-do-we-know-about-healthy-aging">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="What does it take to lead a healthy life? Taking steps toward healthy living can help reduce your risk of heart disease, cancer, and other diseases." title="Healthy Living" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html" id="1597" language="English" date-created="03/25/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many factors affect your health. Some you cannot control, such as your genetic makeup or your age. But you can make changes to your lifestyle. By taking steps toward healthy living, you can help reduce your risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke and other serious diseases:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;screening tests&lt;/a&gt; you need&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Maintain a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat a variety of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html"&gt;healthy foods&lt;/a&gt;, and limit calories and saturated fat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;Be physically active&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Control your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't smoke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Protect yourself from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;too much sun&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink alcohol in moderation, or don't drink at all&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Get enough sleep&lt;/a&gt; every day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work on &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;improving your mental health&lt;/a&gt;, for example by practicing mediation, relaxation techniques, or gratitude&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html" id="2109" language="Spanish">Vivir saludablemente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000070497">Healthy Lifestyle</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthyliving.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490">Exercise and Physical Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html" id="6543">Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7407">How to Improve Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6661">How to Prevent Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1598">How to Prevent Heart Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6450">How to Prevent High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Prevention</see-reference>
<see-reference>Staying Healthy</see-reference>
<site title="AMA DoctorFinder" url="https://find-doctor.ama-assn.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changing Your Habits for Better Health" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creating Healthy Habits: Make Better Choices Easier" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/03/creating-healthy-habits" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crear-habitos-saludables">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: General Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/generalhealthdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disability and Health: Healthy Living" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/healthyliving.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/disabilityandhealth/healthyliving.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Guides: Healthy Lifestyle Includes Mind and Body" url="https://familydoctor.org/health-guides-healthy-lifestyle/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/guias-de-salud-salud-es-un-estado-de-la-mente-y-del-cuerpo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Aging: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyaging.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Living" url="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/healthy-living">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy living" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002393.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Make My Lifestyle Healthier?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Answers-by-Heart/How-can-I-make-Lifestyle-Healthier.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mind/Body Connection: How Your Emotions Affect Your Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/mindbody-connection-how-your-emotions-affect-your-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conexion-entre-mente-y-cuerpo-como-sus-emociones-afectan-su-salud/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nurturing Healthy Neighborhoods: Communities Affect Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/11/nurturing-healthy-neighborhoods" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/fomentando-vecindarios-saludables">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Passing Healthy Habits on to Your Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/kids-passing-on-healthy-habits-to-your-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ninos-ensenarles-habitos-saludables-a-sus-hijos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health promotion" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Healthy+Lifestyle%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Healthy Children and Families" url="https://familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-tips-for-healthy-children-and-families/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-para-familias-y-ninos-sanos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Can Do to Maintain Your Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/what-you-can-do-to-maintain-your-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-mantener-su-salud/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sleep is critical to your health and well-being. Learn about why you need sleep, how much you need, and how you can get better sleep." title="Healthy Sleep" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html" id="6469" language="English" date-created="04/26/2017">
<also-called>Sleep Hygeine</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is sleep?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While you are sleeping, you are unconscious, but your brain and body functions are still active. Sleep is a complex biological process that helps you process new information, stay healthy, and feel rested.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During sleep, your brain cycles through five stages: stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Different things happen during each stage. For example, you have a different pattern of brain waves during each one. Your breathing, heart, and temperature may be slower or faster in some stages. Certain phases of sleep help you :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel rested and energetic the next day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learn information, get insight, and form memories&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Give your heart and vascular system a rest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Release more growth hormone, which helps children grow. It also boosts muscle mass and the repair of cells and tissues in children and adults.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Release sex hormones, which contributes to puberty and fertility&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Keep from getting sick or help you get better when you are sick, by creating more cytokines (hormones that help the immune system fight various infections)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You need all of the stages to get a healthy sleep.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;How much sleep do I need?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The amount of sleep you need depends on several factors, including your age, lifestyle, health, and whether you have been getting enough sleep recently. The general recommendations for sleep are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Newborns:&lt;/strong&gt; 16-18 hours a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preschool-aged children:&lt;/strong&gt; 11-12 hours a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;School-aged children:&lt;/strong&gt; At least 10 hours a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Teens:&lt;/strong&gt; 9-10 hours a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adults (including older adults):&lt;/strong&gt; 7-8 hours a day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During puberty, teenagers' biological clocks shift, and they are more likely to go to bed later than younger children and adults, and they tend to want to sleep later in the morning. This delayed sleep-wake rhythm conflicts with the early-morning start times of many high schools and helps explain why most teenagers do not get enough sleep.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Some people think that adults need less sleep as they age. But there is no evidence to show that older adults can get by with less sleep than people who are younger. As people age, however, they often get less sleep or they tend to spend less time in the deep, restful stage of sleep. Older adults are also more easily awakened.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And it's not just the number of hours of sleep you get that matters. The quality of the sleep you get is also important. People whose sleep is frequently interrupted or cut short might not get enough of certain stages of sleep.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;If you are wondering whether you are getting enough sleep, including quality sleep, ask yourself:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do you have trouble getting up in the morning?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do you have trouble focusing during the day?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do you doze off during the day?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you answered yes to these three questions, you should work on improving your sleep.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health effects of not getting enough sleep?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sleep is important for overall health. When you don't get enough sleep (sleep deprivation), it does more than just make you feel tired. It can affect your performance, including your ability to think clearly, react quickly, and form memories. This may cause you to make bad decisions and take more risks. People with sleep deprivation are more likely to get into accidents.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sleep deprivation can also affect your mood, leading to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with relationships, especially for children and teenagers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can also affect your physical health. Research shows that not getting enough sleep, or getting poor-quality sleep, increases your risk of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not getting enough sleep can also mean that you don't get enough of the hormones that help children grow and help adults and children build muscle mass, fight infections, and repair cells.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Sleep deprivation magnifies the effect of alcohol. A tired person who drinks too much alcohol will be more impaired than a well-rested person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I get better sleep?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can take steps to improve your sleep habits. First, make sure that you allow yourself enough time to sleep. With enough sleep each night, you may find that you're happier and more productive during the day.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To improve your sleep habits, it also may help to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;, especially in the afternoon and evening&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid nicotine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;Exercise&lt;/a&gt; regularly, but don't exercise too late in the day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid alcoholic drinks before bed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid large meals and beverages late at night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't take a nap after 3 p.m.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Relax before bed, for example by taking a bath, reading or listening to relaxing music&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep the temperature in your bedroom cool&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get rid of distractions such as noises, bright lights, and a TV or computer in the bedroom. Also, don't be tempted to go on your phone or tablet just before bed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get enough sunlight exposure during the day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't lie in bed awake; if you can't sleep for 20 minutes, get up and do something relaxing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See a doctor if you have continued trouble sleeping. You may have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorder&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;insomnia&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;.  In some cases, your doctor may suggest trying over-the-counter or prescription sleep aid. In other cases, your doctor may want you to do a sleep study, to help diagnose the problem.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are a shift worker, it can be even harder to get a good sleep. You may also want to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take naps and increase the amount of time available for sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep the lights bright at work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limit shift changes so your body clock can adjust&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limit caffeine use to the first part of your shift&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Remove sound and light distractions in your bedroom during daytime sleep (for example, use light-blocking curtains)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html" id="6470" language="Spanish">Dormir bien</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000070263">Sleep Hygiene</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/healthysleep.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html" id="408">Sleep Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sleep Hygeine</see-reference>
<site title="'Why Can't I Sleep?!'" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-cant-i-sleep" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/por-que-no-puedo-dormir">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Sleep" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Sleep" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in sleep" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004018.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ask an Expert: Marishka K. Brown, Ph.D., Director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ask-an-expert-marishka-k-brown-ph.d-director-of-the-national-center-on-sleep-disorders-research" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/marishka-k-brown-ph.d-directora-del-centro-nacional-de-investigacion-de-los-trastornos-del-sueno">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Baby Naps: Daytime Sleep Tips" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/baby-naps/art-20047421?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos-neurologicos/fundamentos-del-cerebro-el-sueno">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can't sleep? Try these tips" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000853.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changing your sleep habits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Circadian Rhythms" url="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/circadian-rhythms.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/circadian-rhythms-spanish.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sleep Hygiene" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sleep+Hygiene%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sleep Quality" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?titles=%22sleep+quality%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dr. Chandra Jackson on COVID-19 and Sleep" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/dr-chandra-jackson-covid-19-sleep">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dr. Kenneth Wright on Shift Work and Sleep" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/dr-kenneth-wright-shift-work-sleep">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Sleep Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/sleep-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Enough Sleep" url="https://www.mhanational.org/get-enough-sleep">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Enough Sleep" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/sleep/index.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Good Night's Sleep" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sleep/good-nights-sleep" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dormir/dormir-bien">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Good Sleep for Good Health: Get the Rest You Need" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/good-sleep-good-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/buenos-habitos-de-sueno-para-una-buena-salud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Sleep Habits" url="https://sleepeducation.org/healthy-sleep/healthy-sleep-habits/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Your Teen Get Enough Sleep" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enough-sleep-video.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Much Sleep Do I Need? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/how-much-sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/how-much-sleep.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Sleep Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sueno">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Sleep (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Napping: Do's and Don'ts for Healthy Adults" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center on Sleep Disorders Research" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/divisions/division-lung-diseases/national-center-sleep-disorders-research">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center on Sleep Disorders Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Natural short sleeper" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Sleep" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sleep+Hygiene%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sleep" url="https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Mental-Health/Mental-Health-Topics/Sleep">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep and Newborns" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleepnewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleepnewborn.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep and Women" url="https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-women-health/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep and your health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000871.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep and Your Preschooler" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-preschool.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep-preschool.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep and Your School-Aged Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-school-age.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Changes in Older Adults" url="https://familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-sleep-changes-in-older-adults/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-sleep-changes-in-older-adults-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Deprivation: A Cause of High Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/sleep-deprivation/faq-20057959?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/sleep-deprivation/faq-20057959?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Diary" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/sleep-diary">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Health -- Healthy People 2020" url="https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/sleep-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Tips for Your Family's Mental Health" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/sleep/Pages/Sleep-and-Mental-Health.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/sleep/paginas/sleep-and-mental-health.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Tips: 6 Steps to Better Sleep" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep/art-20048379?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep/art-20048379?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleeping during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-during-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleeping-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick Tock: Your Body Clocks: Understanding Your Daily Rhythms" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/04/tick-tock-your-body-clocks" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tictac-sus-relojes-corporales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Getting a Good Night's Sleep" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/sleep-brochure">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/health/sleep-deprivation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Myths about Sleep?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/sleep-myths" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion/mitos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Happens during Sleep?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/what-happens" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion/sucede">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Makes Us Sleep?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion/dormir">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are different types of hearing aids. They differ by size, placement, and how much they amplify sound. Discover which will work best for you." title="Hearing Aids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html" id="5216" language="English" date-created="06/22/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A hearing aid is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear.  It makes some sounds louder. A hearing aid can help people hear more in both quiet and noisy situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hearing aids help people who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt; from damage to the small sensory cells in the inner ear. The damage can occur as a result of disease, aging, or injury from noise or certain medicines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of hearing aids. They differ by size, their placement on or inside the ear, and how much they amplify sound. The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on what kind of hearing loss you have and how severe it is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think that you need a hearing aid, you have two different options:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids, which you can buy directly. You don't have to get a hearing exam from a healthcare professional first. OTC hearing aids are for adults who have mild to moderate hearing loss.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prescription hearing aids, which you get from an audiologist (a health professional who specializes in hearing and balance disorders). The audiologist will program the hearing aids, based on how severe your hearing loss is. You may need prescription hearing aids or other devices if you have significant or complicated hearing loss.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html" id="5217" language="Spanish">Audífonos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006310">Hearing Aids</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html" id="5214">Cochlear Implants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<site title="Buying a Hearing Aid" url="https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/how-to-find-the-right-hearing-aid-for-you/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hearing Aids" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hearing+Aids%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Devices for hearing loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000359.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Audiologist" url="https://members.audiology.org/cvweb/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/openpage?wrp=search.htm&amp;id=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Audiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going to the Audiologist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hearing-test.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hearing-test.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Aids" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/consumer-products/hearing-aids">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Aids" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing-aids" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/audifonos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Aids (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hearing-aids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hearing-aids.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Aids (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hearing-aids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hearing-aids.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Aids and Personal Sound Amplification Products: What to Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/hearing-aids-and-personal-sound-amplification-products-what-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-sobre-los-aparatos-auditivos-y-los-productos-personales-de-amplificacion-del">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Aids: How to Choose the Right One" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/in-depth/hearing-aids/ART-20044116?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/in-depth/hearing-aids/art-20044116?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Get Hearing Aids" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/hearing-aids/how-get-hearing-aids">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Loud and Clear: What to Know About Hearing Loss" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/loud-and-clear-what-to-know-about-hearing-loss" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/alto-y-claro-que-se-debe-saber-sobre-la-perdida-de-la-audicion">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="OTC Hearing Aids: What You Should Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/hearing-aids/otc-hearing-aids-what-you-should-know">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Other Hearing Devices and Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/hearing-aids/other-hearing-devices-and-products">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/over-counter-hearing-aids" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/audifonos-de-venta-libre">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Aids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hearing+Aids%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Struggling to Hear? Tiny Devices Can Keep You Connected" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/05/struggling-hear" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiene-problemas-para-escuchar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Hearing Aids" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/hearing-aids/types-hearing-aids">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hearing loss can be caused by trauma, diseases, long term exposure to loud noise and other factors. Learn about the two types of hearing loss.  " title="Hearing Disorders and Deafness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204" language="English" date-created="03/19/1999">
<also-called>Hearing loss</also-called>
<also-called>Presbycusis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;It's frustrating to be unable to hear well enough to enjoy talking with friends or family. Hearing disorders make it hard, but not impossible, to hear. They can often be helped. Deafness can keep you from hearing sound at all. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;What causes hearing loss? Some possibilities are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heredity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;ear infections&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trauma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Long-term exposure to loud &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html"&gt;noise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aging&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two main types of hearing loss. One happens when your inner ear or auditory nerve is damaged. This type is usually permanent. The other kind happens when sound waves cannot reach your inner ear. Earwax buildup, fluid, or a punctured eardrum can cause it. Treatment or surgery can often reverse this kind of hearing loss.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Untreated, hearing problems can get worse. If you have trouble hearing, you can get help. Possible treatments include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html"&gt;hearing aids&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html"&gt;cochlear implants&lt;/a&gt;, special training, certain medicines, and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939" language="Spanish">Problemas de la audición y sordera</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006311">Hearing Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003638">Deafness</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136">Assistive Devices</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html" id="6095">Barotrauma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html" id="5214">Cochlear Implants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html" id="5216">Hearing Aids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3693">Hearing Problems in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menieresdisease.html" id="1674">Meniere's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html" id="500">Noise</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409">Speech and Communication Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html" id="1236">Tinnitus</related-topic>
<see-reference>Deafness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presbycusis</see-reference>
<site title="6 Ways to Communicate Better While You Wear a Mask" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-ways-to-communicate-better-while-you-wear-a-mask" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-maneras-de-comunicarse-mejor-al-usar-una-mascarilla">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acoustic trauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001061.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Age-Related Hearing Loss" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/age-related-hearing-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/perdida-de-audicion-relacionada-con-la-edad">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Age-related hearing loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001045.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Age-related hearing loss: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/age-related-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<site title="Hearing Loss: A Common Problem for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hearing-and-hearing-loss/hearing-loss-common-problem-older-adults">
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<site title="Inquiring Ears Want to Know: A Fact Sheet about Your Hearing Test" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/UserFiles/works/pdfs/2008-102.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
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<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
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<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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<site title="Noise and Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/topics/oido.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/perdida-de-audicion-inducida-por-el-ruido">
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<site title="Hearing Disorders and Deafness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Deafness%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hearing+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Quick Statistics about Hearing" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-hearing">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
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<site title="Sensorineural deafness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003291.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Speech to Speech Relay Service" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/speech-speech-relay-service">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
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<site title="Statistics about Hearing, Balance, Ear Infections and Deafness" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
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<site title="Stickler syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stickler-syndrome">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Sudden Deafness" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/sudden-deafness" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sordera-subita">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
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<site title="Talking to someone with hearing loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000361.htm">
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<site title="Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS)" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/telecommunications-relay-service-trs">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
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<site title="Townes-Brocks Syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/townes-brocks-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<site title="Treating Hearing Loss to Help Brain Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/treating-hearing-loss-help-brain-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tratar-la-perdida-auditiva-para-ayudar-a-la-salud-del">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) and Neurofibromatosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vestibular-schwannoma-acoustic-neuroma-and-neurofibromatosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
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<site title="Vohwinkel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vohwinkel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Waardenburg syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/waardenburg-syndrome">
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<site title="Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/weissenbacher-zweymuller-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Who Can I Turn to for Help with My Hearing Loss?" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/who-can-i-turn-help-my-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Why You Shouldn't Use Cotton Swabs to Clean Your Ears" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/have-you-heard/cotton-swabs-ears">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hearing problems can be temporary or permanent. About 2 or 3 out of every 1,000 children in the U.S. are born deaf or hard-of-hearing. " title="Hearing Problems in Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3693" language="English" date-created="12/31/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most children hear and listen from the moment they are born. They learn to talk by imitating the sounds around them and the voices of their parents and caregivers. But about 2 or 3 out of every 1,000 children in the United States are born deaf or hard-of-hearing. More lose their hearing later during childhood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Babies should have a hearing screening before they are a month old. If your child has a hearing loss, it is important to consider the use of hearing devices and other communication options by age 6 months. That's because children start learning speech and language long before they talk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hearing problems can be temporary or permanent. Sometimes, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;ear infections&lt;/a&gt;, injuries or diseases affect hearing. If your child does not hear well, get help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3694" language="Spanish">Problemas de audición en niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006311">Hearing Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearingproblemsinchildren.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136">Assistive Devices</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html" id="5214">Cochlear Implants</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Deafness</see-reference>
<site title="About Genetics and Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children-guide/parents-guide-genetics/about-genetics-and-hearing-loss.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Sign Language" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/american-sign-language">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assistive Devices: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audiometry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003341.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Auditory Neuropathy" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/auditory-neuropathy" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/neuropatia-auditiva">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Auditory Processing Disorder (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-auditory.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-auditory.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aural Atresia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aural-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aural-atresia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Building Communication Skills" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children-guide/parents-guide/building-languages.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Loud Music Hurt My Ears?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rock-music.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rock-music.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="CHARGE syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/charge-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Deafness in Children" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=deafness&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hearing Disorders in Children" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hearing%20Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics About Hearing Loss in Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deafness and myopia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/deafness-and-myopia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ear examination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003340.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear Injuries (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-injuries.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Earbuds" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/earbuds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/earbuds.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts and Childhood Hearing Loss" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/enlarged-vestibular-aqueducts-and-childhood-hearing-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/acueductos-vestibulares-dilatados-y-la-perdida-de-audicion-en-los-ninos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Audiologist" url="https://members.audiology.org/cvweb/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/openpage?wrp=search.htm&amp;id=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Audiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going to the Audiologist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hearing-test.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hearing-test.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing and the cochlea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hearing loss - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007322.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Loss in Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/hearingloss/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hear.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Tests for Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-children/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-ninos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicity (Ear Poisoning) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ototoxicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ototoxicity.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pendred Syndrome" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/pendred-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sindrome-de-pendred">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Problems in Children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hearing+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screening for Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/screening/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/hearingloss/screening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testing Baby's Hearing" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/testing-baby-s-hearing" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/evaluando-la-audicion-del-bebe">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/thiamine-responsive-megaloblastic-anemia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment and Intervention for Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/hearingloss/treatment.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/about/types-of-hearing-loss.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/hearingloss/types.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's Hearing and Communicative Development Checklist" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/your-babys-hearing-and-communicative-development-checklist" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-de-la-audicion-y-la-comunicacion-del-bebe">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Over a million people in the U.S. have a heart attack each year. Learn the symptoms and get help quickly to prevent permanent heart damage and death." title="Heart Attack" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>MI</also-called>
<also-called>Myocardial infarction</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Each year almost 800,000 Americans have a heart attack. A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart suddenly becomes blocked. Without the blood coming in, the heart can't get oxygen. If not treated quickly, the heart muscle begins to die. But if you do get quick treatment, you may be able to prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. That's why it's important to know the symptoms of a heart attack and call 911 if you or someone else is having them. You should call, even if you are not sure that it is a heart attack.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common symptoms in men and women are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chest discomfort.&lt;/strong&gt; It is often in center or left side of the chest. It usually lasts more than a few minutes. It may go away and come back. It can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;. It also can feel like heartburn or indigestion.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shortness of breath.&lt;/strong&gt; Sometimes this is your only symptom. You may get it before or during the chest discomfort. It can happen when you are resting or doing a little bit of physical activity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discomfort in the upper body.&lt;/strong&gt; You may feel pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and lightheadedness. You may break out in a cold sweat. Sometimes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;women&lt;/a&gt; will have different symptoms then men. For example, they are more likely to feel tired for no reason.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common cause of heart attacks is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (CAD). With CAD, there is a buildup of cholesterol and other material, called plaque, on their inner walls or the arteries. This is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. It can build up for years. Eventually an area of plaque can rupture (break open). A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; can form around the plaque and block the artery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A less common cause of heart attack is a severe spasm (tightening) of a coronary artery. The spasm cuts off blood flow through the artery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At the hospital, health care providers make a diagnosis based on your symptoms, blood tests, and different &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart health tests&lt;/a&gt;. Treatments may include medicines and medical procedures such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html"&gt;coronary angioplasty&lt;/a&gt;. After a heart attack, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;cardiac rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt; and lifestyle changes can help you recover.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940" language="Spanish">Ataque al corazón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009203">Myocardial Infarction</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartattack.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html" id="142">Angina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202">Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276">Coronary Artery Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>MI</see-reference>
<see-reference>Myocardial Infarction</see-reference>
<site title="About Heart Attacks" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute coronary syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007639.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Coronary Syndrome" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/acute-coronary-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoprotein B100" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003502.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoprotein CII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003505.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are You At Risk For a Heart Attack?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000195_60.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000195_113.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspirin for Reducing Your Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke: Know the Facts" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-use-aspirin/aspirin-reducing-your-risk-heart-attack-and-stroke-know-facts">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Being active after your heart attack" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000093.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Thinners: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Supplements: A Risk Factor for Heart Attack?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Vitamins Help Prevent a Heart Attack?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/FAQ-20058253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/faq-20058253?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac catheterization - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiogenic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000185.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<site title="Make the Call, Don't Miss a Beat: Heart Attack Information for Women" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-attack" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-attack">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the US and affects people of all ages. A healthy lifestyle can help lower your risk of heart disease." title="Heart Disease in Women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" id="4212" language="English" date-created="09/26/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt; is a general term that includes many types of heart problems. It's also called cardiovascular disease, which means heart and blood vessel disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (also called coronary heart disease) is the most common type of heart disease in both men and women. It happens slowly over time when a sticky substance called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;plaque builds up in the arteries&lt;/a&gt; that supply your heart muscle with blood. The plaque narrows or blocks blood flow to the heart muscle and can lead to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;Angina&lt;/a&gt; - chest pain from lack of blood flow&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;Heart attacks&lt;/a&gt; - when part of the heart muscle dies from loss of blood flow&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt; - when your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; - a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does heart disease affect women?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the United States, heart disease is the number one cause of death in women. But women are often not diagnosed with heart disease as quickly as men are. That's because:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women are more likely than men to have "silent" heart disease, meaning that they don't have symptoms.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Health care providers may not recognize heart disease in women because women's symptoms may be different from men's symptoms.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Women are more likely than men to have certain types of heart disease that can be harder to diagnose.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A delay in diagnosis may mean a delay in medical care that could help prevent serious problems, such as a heart attack. That's why it's important to learn about your risk for heart disease, the symptoms in women, and how to keep your heart healthy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What types of heart disease do women get?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Women can get any type of heart disease. Like men, the most common type of heart disease among women is coronary artery disease. But there are certain types of heart disease which are less common, but affect women more often than men:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Coronary microvascular disease&lt;/strong&gt; - Chest pain from spasms (sudden tightening) in the smallest arteries of the heart that pinch off blood flow. It typically happens during rest or routine activities. This serious condition increases your risk of having a heart attack or other heart diseases.  This type may be harder to diagnose since blockages in smaller arteries can be harder to see on imaging tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Broken heart syndrome&lt;/strong&gt; - Strong chest pain or other signs that look like a heart attack. It's caused by the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt; of powerful emotions, such as deep grief, anger, or surprise. It can happen even if you're healthy. It mostly affects women after menopause and usually doesn't cause any lasting damage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Variant angina&lt;/strong&gt; - A rare type of strong chest pain from spasms in the heart arteries. The pain usually happens in a pattern during sleep. Variant angina rarely causes a heart attack.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which women are more likely to develop heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your risk for developing heart disease increases with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;Menopause&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Women can develop heart disease at any age, but your risk increases after your periods stop, usually by age 55. Before menopause, your body makes more estrogen (a female &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormone&lt;/a&gt;) which helps protect against heart disease. That's why women generally develop coronary artery disease 10 years later than men. During and after menopause, estrogen levels drop and your risk for heart diseases goes up. If your periods stop before age 40, your risk will be higher than other women your age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history &lt;strong&gt;of heart disease.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk for heart disease may be higher if your:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Mother or sister had heart disease before age 65.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Father or brother had heart disease before age 55.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problems during pregnancy&lt;/strong&gt;, such as  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;gestational diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use of hormonal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (pills, patches, or vaginal rings with estrogen and progesterone).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html"&gt;Endometriosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;Polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammatory and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html"&gt;Mental health issues&lt;/a&gt;, such as stress, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Health risks from a lack physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt; or being overweight.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mild to moderate &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have one or more risks for heart disease, ask your health care provider for help understanding your risk level. Ask if you need any &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart tests&lt;/a&gt; to help catch heart disease early.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of heart disease and heart attack in women?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When women have symptoms of &lt;strong&gt;heart disease&lt;/strong&gt;, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or discomfort in the chest that may be dull and heavy or sharp&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper belly, or back&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Unusual &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt; (feeling like you can't get enough air) during physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Women who have &lt;strong&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/strong&gt; are more likely than men to have chest pain when resting or doing daily activities, rather than during exercise. They're also more likely than men to feel chest pain from mental stress.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of a &lt;strong&gt;heart attack&lt;/strong&gt; in women may also be different than in men. Chest pain is the most common symptom for both sexes. It may feel like crushing or squeezing. But women are somewhat less likely than men to have chest pain.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;During a &lt;strong&gt;heart attack&lt;/strong&gt;, women may feel:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pressure or tightness in the chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the upper back, arms, neck, jaw or throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unusual fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html"&gt;Indigestion&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;heartburn&lt;/a&gt;, nausea, or vomiting &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stomach pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Heart attacks usually don't look like the sudden, dramatic events we see in the movies. The symptoms may be mild or strong. They may start slowly. They can stop and then come back.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can heart disease in women be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You can help lower your risk by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learning &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;how to prevent heart disease&lt;/a&gt; and making heart-healthy habits part of your daily life.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Asking your provider about your personal risk for heart disease and the best way to manage your heart health.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Remember, women can have heart disease without symptoms. But if you pay attention to your risk for heart disease, you can take action to prevent problems or keep them from getting worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" id="4213" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del corazón en la mujer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006331">Heart Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseaseinwomen.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" id="3167">Angioplasty</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html" id="147">Arrhythmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="198">Congenital Heart Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202">Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199">Heart Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html" id="279">Heart Valve Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="About Women and Heart Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/women-and-heart-disease.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium Supplements: A Risk Factor for Heart Attack?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058352?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058352?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Disease in Women" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=(%22heart+diseases%22+OR+%22cardiovascular+diseases%22)+AND+women&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Dissection: Not Just a Heart Attack" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/coronary-artery-dissection-not-just-a-heart-attack">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Attack and Women" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-attack-and-women" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-attack-and-women">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Attack Recovery FAQs" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/heart-attack-recovery-faqs">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Attack Symptoms in Women" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/warning-signs-of-a-heart-attack/heart-attack-symptoms-in-women">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Conditions and Pregnancy: Know the Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and Stroke" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart disease and women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007188.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease in Hispanic Women" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease in Women: Understand Symptoms and Risk Factors" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/ART-20046167?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20046167?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease Risk Factors" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-disease-risk-factors" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-disease-risk-factors">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health for Women" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/heart-health-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/salud-cardiaca-heart-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Healthy Eating" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/how-eat-health/heart-healthy-eating" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/how-eat-health/heart-healthy-eating">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lower Your Risk for the Number 1 Killer of Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/womens-health/features/heart-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/spanish/features/heartdisease/index.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause and Cardiovascular Risk" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Your Heart Health" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/pregnancy-and-your-heart-health-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease in Women" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Take Action for Your Heart: Get Started!" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/take-action-your-heart-get-started-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Heart Truth" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/heart-truth">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Heart Truth for African American Women: Take Action to Protect Your Heart" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/heart-truth-african-american-women-take-action-protect-your-heart-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Heart Truth for Latinas: Take Action to Protect Your Heart" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/heart-truth-latinas-take-action-protect-your-heart-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Heart Truth for Women: Take Action to Protect Your Heart" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/heart-truth-women-take-action-protect-your-heart-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Truth About African American Women and Heart Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/truth-about-african-american-women-and-heart-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Heart-Healthy Living?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-healthy-living" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vida-cardiosaludable">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women and Congenital Heart Defects" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/the-impact-of-congenital-heart-defects/chds-impact-on-females">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Learn about the different types of heart diseases, and what you can do to try to prevent them." title="Heart Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Cardiac diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Heart disease is a general term that includes many types of heart problems. It's also called cardiovascular disease, which means heart and blood vessel disease.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, but there are ways to prevent and manage many types of heart disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of heart disease. Some you may be born with, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart disease&lt;/a&gt;. Other types develop during your lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (also called coronary heart disease) is the most common type of heart disease. It happens slowly over time when a sticky substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply your heart muscle with blood. The plaque narrows or blocks blood flow to the heart muscle and can lead to other heart problems:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;Angina&lt;/a&gt; - chest pain from lack of blood flow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;Heart attacks&lt;/a&gt; - when part of the heart muscle dies from loss of blood flow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt; - when your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; - a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other types of heart diseases may affect your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;heart valves&lt;/a&gt; or heart muscle (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html"&gt;cardiomyopathy&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes heart diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The causes of heart disease depend on the type of disease. Some possible causes include lifestyle, genetics, infections, medicines, and other diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop heart diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different factors that can make you more likely to develop heart disease. Some of these factors you can change, but others you cannot.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk of heart disease goes up as you get older.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Some factors may affect heart disease risk differently in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;women&lt;/a&gt; than in men.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history and genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; A family history of early heart disease raises your risk of heart disease. And research has shown that some genes are linked to a higher risk of certain heart diseases.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race/ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain groups have higher risks than others.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle habits.&lt;/strong&gt; Over time, unhealthy lifestyle habits can raise your risk heart disease: 
	&lt;ul&gt;	
		&lt;li&gt;Eating a diet high in saturated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, refined carbohydrates, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Not getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;enough physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Drinking too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt; and exposure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having other medical conditions&lt;/strong&gt; can raise your risk of heart diseases. These conditions include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;High &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Autoimmune&lt;/a&gt; and inflammatory diseases.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your symptoms will depend on the type of heart disease you have. You may not have symptoms at first. In some cases, you may not know you have heart disease until you have a complication such as a heart attack.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are heart diseases diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have heart disease, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your &lt;strong&gt;medical history&lt;/strong&gt;, including your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your &lt;strong&gt;family health history&lt;/strong&gt;, including relatives who have had heart disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a &lt;strong&gt;physical exam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Likely run &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;blood tests&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, your provider may refer you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for tests, diagnosis, and care.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for heart disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment plans for heart disease depend on the type of heart disease you have, how serious your symptoms are, and what other health conditions you have. Possible treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Procedures or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;surgeries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;Cardiac rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can heart diseases be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to lower your risk of certain heart diseases by making &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt;  and managing any other medical conditions you have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseases.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartdiseases.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html" id="142">Angina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html" id="147">Arrhythmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3754">Cardiomyopathy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="198">Congenital Heart Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276">Coronary Artery Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6011">Diabetic Heart Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html" id="4316">Endocarditis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199">Heart Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html" id="4119">Heart Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html" id="279">Heart Valve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1598">How to Prevent Heart Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html" id="5664">Pericardial Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html" id="4266">Sudden Cardiac Arrest</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cardiac Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cardiovascular Diseases</see-reference>
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<site title="Coping with Feelings" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-rehab/taking-care-of-yourself/coping-with-feelings">
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<site title="CPK isoenzymes test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Mental Health and Heart Health" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/mental-health-and-wellbeing/mental-health-and-heart-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</site>
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</site>
<site title="Myocardial contusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000202.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000202.htm">
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<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">
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<site title="People at Higher Risk of Flu Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Pulse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003399.htm">
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<site title="Racial and Ethnic Dispartities in Heart Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/spotlight/HeartDiseaseSpotlight_2019_0404.pdf">
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<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Risks for Heart Disease and Stroke" url="https://millionhearts.hhs.gov/learn-prevent/risks.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Swan-Ganz - right heart catheterization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003870.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Take Action for Your Heart: Get Started!" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/take-action-your-heart-get-started-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Take Diabetes to Heart" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/take-diabetes-heart-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Tangier disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tangier-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Top 10 Myths about Cardiovascular Disease" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/top-10-myths-about-cardiovascular-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Heart Medications" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack/cardiac-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding cardiovascular disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000759.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Ventricular assist device" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007268.htm">
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<site title="Ventricular Assist Device (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Warning signs and symptoms of heart disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000775.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="What Are Heart Disease and Stroke?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-are-heart-disease-and-stroke.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/heart-disease-and-stroke.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="What Is Heart-Healthy Living?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-healthy-living" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vida-cardiosaludable">
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<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
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<site title="Williams syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/williams-syndrome">
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<site title="Your Guide to Living Well with Heart Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/06-5716.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heart failure, or congestive heart failure (CHF), means the heart can't pump enough blood. Learn about the signs, symptoms and causes." title="Heart Failure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>CHF</also-called>
<also-called>Cardiac failure</also-called>
<also-called>Congestive heart failure</also-called>
<also-called>Left-sided heart failure</also-called>
<also-called>Right-sided heart failure</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is heart failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart failure means that your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your body's needs. Heart failure doesn't mean that your heart has stopped or is about to stop beating. But without enough blood flow, your organs may not work well, which can cause serious problems.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Heart failure can affect one or both sides of your heart:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;With right-sided heart failure&lt;/strong&gt;, your heart is too weak to pump enough blood to your lungs to get oxygen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;With left-sided heart failure&lt;/strong&gt;, your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood out to your body. This happens when the left side of your heart becomes either:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Too weak to pump enough blood.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Too thick or stiff to relax and fill with enough blood.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Left-sided heart failure is more common than right-sided heart failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes heart failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart failure can start suddenly after a medical condition or injury damages your heart muscle. But in most cases, heart failure develops slowly from long-term medical conditions.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Conditions that can cause heart failure include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html"&gt;Cardiomyopathy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt; or other types of heart diseases that you are born with&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;Heart attack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Heart valve diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;A blood clot in your lung&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung diseases&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="copd.html" tid="27"&gt;COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time, left-sided heart failure can lead to right-sided heart failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop heart failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart failure can happen at any age. It happens to both men and women, but men often develop it at a younger age than women.  Your chance of developing heart failure increases if:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You're 65 years old or older.&lt;/strong&gt; Aging can weaken and stiffen your heart muscle.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your family health history&lt;/strong&gt; includes relatives who have or have had heart failure.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;changes in your genes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; that affect your heart tissue.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You have habits that can harm your heart&lt;/strong&gt;, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Eating foods high in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fat&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt; (salt)&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Having an inactive lifestyle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120"&gt;Alcohol use disorder (AUD)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;Illegal drug use&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You have other medical conditions that can affect your heart&lt;/strong&gt;, including: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Any heart or blood vessel conditions, including high blood pressure&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Serious lung diseases&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Infection, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Obesity&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;Iron overload disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cancer treatments that can harm your heart, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You are African American.&lt;/strong&gt; African Americans are more likely to develop heart failure and have more serious cases at younger ages than people of other races. Factors such as stigma, discrimination, income, education, and geographic region can also affect their risk of heart failure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of heart failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of heart failure depend on which side of your heart is affected and how serious your condition has become.  Most symptoms are caused by reduced blood flow to your organs and fluid buildup in your body.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fluid buildup happens because the flow of blood through your heart is too slow. As a result, blood backs up in the vessels that return the blood to your heart. Fluid may leak from the blood vessels and collect in the tissues of your body, causing swelling (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;edema&lt;/a&gt;) and other problems.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of heart failure may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Feeling short of breath&lt;/a&gt; (like you can't get enough air) when you do things like climbing stairs. This may be one of the first symptoms you notice.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt; or weakness even after rest.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Coughing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling and weight gain from fluid in your ankles, lower legs, or abdomen (belly).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty sleeping when lying flat.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea&lt;/a&gt; and loss of appetite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling in the veins of your neck.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="urineandurination.html" tid="4889"&gt;Needing to urinate (pee) often&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At first you may have no symptoms or mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms will usually bother you more.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What other problems does heart failure cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fluid buildup and reduced blood flow to your organs can lead to serious problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/strong&gt; from fluid in and around your lungs (also called congestive heart failure)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney&lt;/a&gt; or liver damage&lt;/strong&gt; including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html"&gt;Malnutrition&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; if fluid buildup makes eating uncomfortable or if your stomach doesn't get enough blood flow to digest food properly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other heart conditions&lt;/strong&gt;, such as irregular heartbeat and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;Pulmonary hypertension&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is heart failure diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have heart failure, your doctor will:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your medical history&lt;/strong&gt;, including your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your family health history&lt;/strong&gt;, including relatives who have had heart failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do a physical exam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Will likely order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart tests&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/"&gt;blood tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, including a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/natriuretic-peptide-tests-bnp-nt-probnp/"&gt;brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, your doctor may refer you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for tests, diagnosis, and care.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for heart failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your treatment will depend on the type of heart failure you have and how serious it is. There's no cure for heart failure. But treatment can help you live longer with fewer symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Even with treatment, heart failure usually gets worse over time, so you'll likely need treatment for the rest of your life.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Most treatment plans include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking medicine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating less sodium and drinking less liquid to control fluid buildup&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making other changes, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;, managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, and getting as much physical activity as your health care provider recommends&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treating any conditions that may make heart failure worse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;heart surgery&lt;/a&gt; if:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have a congenital heart defect or damage to your heart that can be fixed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The left side of your heart is getting weaker and putting a device in your chest could help. Devices include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;implantable cardioverter defibrillator&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A biventricular pacemaker&lt;/strong&gt; (cardiac resynchronization therapy).&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A mechanical heart pump&lt;/strong&gt; (a ventricular assist device (VAD) or a total artificial heart).&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your heart doctor recommends a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;heart transplant&lt;/a&gt; because your heart failure is life-threatening and nothing else is helping.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As part of your treatment, you'll need to pay close attention to your symptoms, because heart failure can worsen suddenly. Your provider may suggest a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;cardiac rehabilitation program&lt;/a&gt; to help you learn how to manage your condition.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Can heart failure be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to prevent or delay heart failure if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work with your provider to manage any health conditions that increase your risk of developing heart failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make healthy changes in your eating, exercise, and other daily habits to help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;prevent heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
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<mesh-heading>
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<mesh-heading>
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</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3447">Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators</related-topic>
<see-reference>CHF</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cardiac Failure</see-reference>
<see-reference>Congestive Heart Failure</see-reference>
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<site title="Congestive Heart Failure (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congestive-heart-failure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congestive-heart-failure.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<site title="Digoxin: A Medicine for Heart Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/digoxin-a-medicine-for-heart-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/digoxina-un-medicamento-para-problemas-del-corazon/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Diuretics" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/diuretics/ART-20048129?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/diuretics/art-20048129?p=1">
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<site title="Heart Failure" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/heart-failure">
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<site title="Heart Failure" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20373142?p=1">
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<site title="Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular assist device" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007268.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Assist Device (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Assist Devices (VADS)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ventricular-assist-devices/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/dispositivos-de-asistencia-ventricular/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Total Artificial Heart?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/total-artificial-heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon-artificial-total">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Heart Failure?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-failure">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heart health tests, as part of a screening, or when you have, symptoms can help find heart diseases. Learn about imaging, stress, and other cardiac tests." title="Heart Health Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452" language="English" date-created="02/28/2017">
<also-called>Cardiac Diagnostic Tests</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart diseases&lt;/a&gt; are the number one killer in the United States. They are also a major cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disability&lt;/a&gt;. If you do have heart disease, it is important to find it early, when it is easier to treat. Blood tests and heart health tests can help find heart diseases or identify problems that can lead to heart diseases. There are several different types of heart health tests. Your health care provider will decide which test or tests you need, based on your symptoms (if any), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;risk factors&lt;/a&gt;, and medical history.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Cardiac Catheterization&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat some heart conditions. For the procedure, your provider puts a catheter (a long, thin, flexible tube) into a blood vessel in your arm, groin, or neck, and threads it to your heart. The provider can use the catheter to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a coronary angiography. This involves putting a special type of dye in the catheter, so the dye can flow through your bloodstream to your heart. Then your provider takes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt; of your heart. The dye allows your provider to see your coronary arteries on the x-ray, and to check for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (CAD). CAD is caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;plaque buildup in the arteries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Take samples of your blood and heart muscle.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Examine your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;heart valves&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do procedures such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplasty&lt;/a&gt; or minor &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;heart surgeries&lt;/a&gt; to repair &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt; or replace heart valves.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Cardiac CT Scan&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A cardiac CT (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;computed tomography&lt;/a&gt;) scan is a painless imaging test that uses x-rays to take detailed pictures of your heart and its blood vessels. Computers can combine these pictures to create a three-dimensional (3D) model of your whole heart. This test can help providers detect or evaluate various heart problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calcium buildup in the coronary arteries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Congenital heart defects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with the aorta (the main artery that carries blood away from the heart)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with heart function and valves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html"&gt;Pericardial diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before you have the test, you get an injection of contrast dye. The dye highlights your heart and blood vessels in the pictures. The CT scanner is a large, tunnel-like machine. You lie still on a table that slides you into the scanner, and the scanner takes the pictures.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Cardiac MRI&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cardiac MRI (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;magnetic resonance imaging&lt;/a&gt;) is a painless imaging test that uses radio waves, magnets, and a computer to create detailed pictures of your heart. It can help your provider figure out whether you have heart disease, and if so, how severe it is. A cardiac MRI can also help your provider decide the best way to treat heart problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Congenital heart defects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart valve problems&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Pericarditis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cardiac tumors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage from a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The MRI is a large, tunnel-like machine. You lie still on a table that slides you into the MRI machine. The machine makes loud noises as it takes pictures of your heart. Sometimes before the test, you might get an injection of contrast dye. The dye highlights your heart and blood vessels in the pictures.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Chest X-Ray&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A chest x-ray creates pictures of the organs and structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. It can reveal signs of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;, as well as lung disorders and other causes of symptoms not related to heart disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Coronary Angiography&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Coronary angiography (angiogram) is a procedure that uses contrast dye and x-ray pictures to look at the insides of your arteries. It can show whether plaque is blocking your arteries and how severe the blockage is. Providers use this procedure to diagnose heart diseases after &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest pain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt; (SCA), or abnormal results from other heart tests such as an EKG or a stress test.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;You usually have a cardiac catheterization to inject the dye into your coronary arteries. Then the provider will take special x-rays while the dye is flowing through your coronary arteries. The dye lets your provider study the flow of blood through your heart and blood vessels.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Echocardiography&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Echocardiography, or echo, is a painless test that uses sound waves to create moving pictures of your heart. The pictures show the size and shape of your heart. They also show how well your heart's chambers and valves are working. Providers use an echo to diagnose many different heart problems, and to check how severe they are.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of echocardiography. For transthoracic echocardiography (the most common type), a technician applies gel to your chest. The gel helps sound waves reach your heart. The technician moves a transducer (wand-like device) across your chest. The transducer connects to a computer. It transmits ultrasound waves into your chest, and the waves bounce (echo) back. The computer converts the echoes into pictures of your heart. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;Electrocardiogram&lt;/a&gt; (EKG), (ECG)&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An electrocardiogram, also called an ECG or EKG, is a painless test that detects and records your heart's electrical activity. It shows how fast your heart is beating and whether its rhythm is steady or irregular.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An EKG may be part of a routine exam to screen for heart disease. Or you may get it to detect and study heart problems such as heart attacks, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt;, and heart failure.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;For the test, you lie still on a table and a nurse or technician attaches electrodes (patches that have sensors) to the skin on your chest, arms, and legs. Wires connect the electrodes to a machine that records your heart's electrical activity.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;Stress Testing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stress testing looks at how your heart works during physical stress. It can help to diagnose coronary artery disease, and to check how severe it is. It can also check for other problems, including heart valve disease and heart failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For the test, you exercise (or are given medicine if you are unable to exercise) to make your heart work hard and beat fast. While this is happening, you get an EKG and blood pressure monitoring. Before or after the test, you might also have an echocardiogram, or other imaging tests such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html"&gt;nuclear scan&lt;/a&gt;. For the nuclear scan, you get an injection of a tracer (a radioactive substance), which travels to your heart. Special cameras detect the energy from the tracer to craeate pictures of your heart. You have pictures taken after you exercise, and then after you rest.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" id="6453" language="Spanish">Pruebas para la salud del corazón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003935">Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006334">Heart Function Tests</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hearthealthtests.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html" id="3951">CT Scans</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104">Diagnostic Imaging</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1598">How to Prevent Heart Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html" id="3953">MRI Scans</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html" id="3955">Nuclear Scans</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html" id="3949">X-Rays</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cardiac Test</see-reference>
<see-reference>Heart Test</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003814.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003814.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac catheterization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003419.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Catheterization" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cardiac-catheter.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cardiac-catheter.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac catheterization - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac event monitors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007700.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac intravascular ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007266.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiovascular system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catheter Angiography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Imaging Tests" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22heart+diseases%22&amp;intr=imaging&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stress Testing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=heart&amp;intr=%22stress+testing%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003876.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocoroct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="CT Angiography (CTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CT angiography - chest" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007676.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007676.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Doppler Ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia-doppler/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Echocardiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Echocardiogram - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007669.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007669.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejection Fraction Heart Failure Measurement" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/diagnosing-heart-failure/ejection-fraction-heart-failure-measurement">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise stress test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003878.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Interventional Radiologist" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/doctor-finder/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Anatomy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007344.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests for People with Diabetes" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/symptoms-diagnosis--monitoring-of-diabetes/heart-health-tests-for-diabetes-patients">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Information Center" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003795.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart-Health Screenings" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/heart-health-screenings">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="His bundle electrography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003391.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Holter monitor (24h)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003877.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Left heart ventricular angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003875.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MR Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nuclear ventriculography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003822.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picturing the Heart" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/picturing-heart">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Function+Tests%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Diagnostic+Techniques%2C+Cardiovascular%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+3+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiation from Cardiac Imaging Tests" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.146043">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Right heart ventricular angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003874.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress echocardiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007150.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-esfuerzo/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heart surgery is used to fix certain problems with the heart. Learn about the different procedures and why someone might need them." title="Heart Surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html" id="4119" language="English" date-created="03/15/2005">
<also-called>Cardiac surgery</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is heart surgery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart surgery can correct certain heart problems when other treatments haven't worked or can't be used.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, heart surgery may be a medical emergency. For example, surgery for a severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt; may need to be done right away. In other cases, you can plan heart surgery ahead of time. Some heart surgeries are major operations, such as heart bypass surgery for blocked arteries in the heart. Other surgeries are more minor heart procedures, such as putting in a pacemaker.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What conditions does heart surgery treat?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of heart surgery that can help treat many heart conditions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Different types of heart surgery that can help treat many heart conditions." width="95%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;What conditions does heart surgery treat?&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;What does the heart surgery do?&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="coronaryarterydisease.html" tid="1276"&gt;Coronary artery disease (CAD)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - when a sticky substance called plaque narrows or blocks the arteries that supply blood to your heart muscle.&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Makes a new path for blood to flow around the blocked part of an artery in the heart. This is called a &lt;a href="coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" tid="202"&gt;coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)&lt;/a&gt;, or heart bypass. It's the most common heart surgery in adults.&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Heart valve diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - problems with the valves that control the flow of blood through your heart.&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Repairs heart valves.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Replaces heart valves with a mechanical valve or a biologic valve made from pig, cow, or human heart tissue.&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. They are caused by changes in the electrical signals that control your heartbeat.&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Places a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator&lt;/a&gt; (ICD) in the chest to correct your heartbeat.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Treats &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;atrial fibrillation&lt;/a&gt; with small cuts in the heart muscle. The cuts form scars that make a path for the heart's electrical signals (Maze surgery).&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - when your heart is too weak or stiff to pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your body's needs.&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Places a device in the chest which may include:&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to help prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A biventricular pacemaker to coordinate the heart's pumping action so it's more powerful.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A ventricular assist device to help the heart pump blood.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A total artificial heart to pump blood for the heart.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Replaces a seriously diseased heart with a heathy heart (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;heart transplantation&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/td&gt;        
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heart &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurysm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a balloon-like bulge in the wall of an artery. It can be life-threatening if the aneurysm tears or bursts.&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Repairs or replaces the weak part of a heart artery using a patch or a tube made of fabric.&lt;/td&gt;      
        &lt;/tr&gt;        
	&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;Angina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - chest pain from coronary artery disease.&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Uses a laser to make small channels through part of the heart muscle (transmyocardial laser revascularization).&lt;/td&gt;      
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Damaged and abnormal heart structures,&lt;/strong&gt; including &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - heart structure problems that you're born with.&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Repairs heart damage or problems with how the heart and blood vessels are formed. Repairs depend on the type of defect or damage.&lt;/td&gt;      
        &lt;/tr&gt;

    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What approaches do surgeons use to do heart surgery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The approach a surgeon uses to do heart surgery depends on your heart problem, your general health, and other factors. Approaches to heart surgery include:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Open-heart surgery&lt;/strong&gt; (also called traditional heart surgery) is when the surgeon cuts the chest open to reach the heart. Because it's difficult to operate on a beating heart, medicines are used to stop the heart. A heart-lung bypass machine keeps oxygen-rich blood pumping through the body during the surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Off-pump heart surgery&lt;/strong&gt; is open-heart surgery on a beating heart without using a heart-lung bypass machine. The surgeon holds the heart steady with a device. Surgeons may use off-pump heart surgery to do coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG), but only in certain cases.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Minimally invasive heart surgery&lt;/strong&gt; uses small cuts between the ribs. The cuts may be as small as 2 to 3 inches. The surgeon inserts tools into the chest through the cuts. This type of heart surgery may or may not use a heart-lung bypass machine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Robotic-assisted surgery&lt;/strong&gt; is a type of minimally invasive surgery. The surgeon uses a computer to control tools on the arms of a robot. This allows the surgeon to be very accurate when doing difficult operations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of heart surgery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Like all surgery, heart surgery has risks even though the results are often excellent. The risks include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;Bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infection, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;swelling&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A problem from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html"&gt;anesthesia&lt;/a&gt; (medicine that makes you sleep during surgery)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage to the heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risks of heart surgery tend to be higher if:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The surgery is an emergency.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have other medical conditions, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Lung diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;Peripheral artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (PAD)&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html" id="4120" language="Spanish">Cirugías de corazón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006348">Cardiac Surgical Procedures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/heartsurgery.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html" id="3167">Angioplasty</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html" id="198">Congenital Heart Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" id="202">Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199">Heart Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html" id="278">Heart Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html" id="279">Heart Valve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3447">Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cardiac Surgery</see-reference>
<see-reference>Open Heart Surgery</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic valve surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007408.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Surgery" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22heart+surgery%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dressler Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Procedures and Surgeries" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack/cardiac-procedures-and-surgeries">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart valve surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002954.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart valve surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000291.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Prepare for Heart Surgery?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/how-can-i-prepare-for-heart-surgery.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://esamericanheart.convertlanguage.com/img/aheart/ES_520.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Limited-Access Heart Surgery" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/limited-access-heart-surgery/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cirugia-cardiaca-de-minimo-acceso/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maze Surgery" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/maze-surgery/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cirugia-de-cox/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve surgery - minimally invasive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007411.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007412.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Open heart surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002950.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002950.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric heart surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000015.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Surgery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cardiac+Surgical+Procedures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sternal exploration or closure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007626.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/transmyocardial-laser-revascularization/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/revascularizacion-transmiocardica-con-laser-rtml/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Valve Repair or Replacement" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/valve-repair-or-replacement/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-o-sustitucion-valvular/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Assist Device (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Cardiothoracic Surgeon?" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/what-is-a-cardiothoracic-surgeon" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/%C2%BFqu%C3%A9-es-un-cirujano-especializado-en-cirug%C3%ADa-cardiotor%C3%A1cica-o-tor%C3%A1cica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Heart Surgeon?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Heart-Surgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-heart-surgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Total Artificial Heart?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/total-artificial-heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon-artificial-total">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Heart Surgery?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cirugia-cardiaca">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to Expect After Heart Surgery" url="https://www.sts.org/sites/default/files/AHSBrochureFinal.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Need Heart Valve Surgery?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-heart-valve-surgery.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-heart-valve-surgery-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A heart transplant removes a damaged or diseased heart and replaces it with a healthy one. Read about the surgery, risks, and living with a transplant." title="Heart Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html" id="278" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A heart transplant removes a damaged or diseased heart and replaces it with a healthy one. The healthy heart comes from a donor who has died. It is the last resort for people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt; when all other treatments have failed. The heart failure might have been caused by coronary heart disease, damaged heart valves or heart muscles, congenital heart defects, or viral infections of the heart.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although heart transplant surgery is a life-saving measure, it has many risks. Careful monitoring, treatment, and regular medical care can prevent or help manage some of these risks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After the surgery, most heart transplant patients can return to their normal levels of activity. However, fewer than 30% return to work for many different reasons.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html" id="1944" language="Spanish">Trasplante de corazón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016027">Heart Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199">Heart Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462">Organ Transplantation</related-topic>
<site title="About the Operation: Heart Transplant" url="https://transplantliving.org/organ-facts/heart/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22heart+transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting a New Heart" url="https://www.myast.org/uploads/files/general/Getting-a-new-heart.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Transplantation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Anatomy" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003003.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100086_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100086_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Treatments" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart-lung transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100147_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100147_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myocardial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003873.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network" url="https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="The SRTR/OPTN Annual Data Report" url="https://www.srtr.org/reports/optnsrtr-annual-data-report/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular assist device" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007268.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Assist Device (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Assist Devices (VADS)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ventricular-assist-devices/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/dispositivos-de-asistencia-ventricular/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Total Artificial Heart?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/total-artificial-heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon-artificial-total">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heart valve disease happens when one or more of your heart valves do not open or close correctly. This can affect your blood flow and strain your heart." title="Heart Valve Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html" id="279" language="English" date-created="08/20/1999">
<also-called>Valvular heart disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are heart valve diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart valve disease happens when one or more of your heart valves don't work well.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Your heart has four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves. The valves have flaps that open and close. The flaps make sure that blood flows in the right direction through your heart and to the rest of your body. When your heart beats, the flaps open to let blood through. Between heartbeats they close to stop the blood from flowing backwards.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If one or more of your heart valves doesn't open or close correctly, it can affect your blood flow and strain your heart. Fortunately, treatment helps most valve diseases.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of heart valve diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart valves can have three basic kinds of problems:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regurgitation&lt;/strong&gt;, or backflow, happens when the flaps of a valve don't close tightly. This allows the blood to leak backwards. A common cause of regurgitation is prolapse, where the flaps of the valve flop or bulge back. Prolapse most often affects the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html"&gt;mitral valve&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stenosis&lt;/strong&gt; happens when the flaps of a valve become thick, stiff, or stuck together. This prevents the heart valve from opening all the way. Not enough blood can pass through the valve. Aortic valve stenosis is a common type of stenosis. It affects the valve that controls blood flow into the large artery that carries blood out of the heart to the body.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atresia&lt;/strong&gt; happens when a heart valve did not form properly and does not have an opening for blood to pass through.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a valve can have both regurgitation and stenosis.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What causes heart valve diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people are born with heart valve disease. This is called congenital heart valve disease. It can happen alone or along with other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt;. Heart valve disease can also develop over time as you get older or have certain conditions that affect the heart.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop heart valve diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your chance of having heart valve disease is higher if:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You are older.&lt;/strong&gt; With age, the heart valves can become thick and stiff.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You have or have had other conditions that affect your heart and blood vessels.&lt;/strong&gt; These include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rheumatic fever.&lt;/strong&gt; An untreated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;strep&lt;/a&gt; throat can become rheumatic fever, which can harm the heart valves. The damage may not show up for years. Today, most people take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; to cure strep throat before it can cause heart valve damage.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This is a rare infection in the lining of the heart and heart valves. It is usually caused by bacteria in the bloodstream.&lt;/li&gt;  
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A heart attack.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, especially when it affects the aorta (the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the body).&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High blood pressure.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;High blood cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt; and overweight.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Lack of physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A family history of early heart disease:&lt;/strong&gt; 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A father or brother who had heart disease younger than 55.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A mother or sister who had heart disease younger than 65.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You were born with an aortic valve that wasn't formed right.&lt;/strong&gt; Sometimes this will cause problems right away. Other times, the valve may work well enough for years before causing problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of heart valve diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many people live their whole lives with a heart valve that doesn't work perfectly and never have any problems. But heart valve disease may get worse slowly over time. You may develop signs and symptoms, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt; (feeling like you can't get enough air)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;Swelling&lt;/a&gt; in your feet, ankles, abdomen (belly), or the veins in your neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt; when you're physically active&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt;, a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;fainting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you don't get treatment for heart valve disease, the symptoms and strain on your heart may keep getting worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can heart valve diseases cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the valves don't work well, your heart has to pump harder to get enough blood out to the body.  Without treatment, this extra workload on your heart can lead to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;Sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt; or death&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is heart valve disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may listen to your heart with a stethoscope and hear that your heart makes abnormal sounds, such as a click or a heart murmur. These sounds may mean a valve isn't working normally. The provider will usually refer you to a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The doctor will also listen to your heart and will do a physical exam. You will also likely need to have one or more &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for heart valve diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most heart valve problems can be treated successfully. Treatment may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; to control your symptoms and keep your heart pumping well&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;Heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to treat other related heart conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Surgery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to repair or replace a valve&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's possible that you may need surgery, even if you don't have symptoms. Fixing the valve can help can prevent future heart problems.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There are many ways to do heart valve surgery. You and your doctor can decide what's best for you, based on your valve problem and general health. Heart valve repair surgery has fewer risks than heart valve replacement. So, when repair is possible, it's preferred over valve replacement.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, valve replacement is necessary. There are 2 types of replacement valves:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Biologic valves made from pig, cow, or human tissue.&lt;/strong&gt; These valves tend to wear out after 10 to 15 years, but some may last longer.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mechanical (human-made) valves&lt;/strong&gt; usually don't wear out. But with a mechanical valve, you usually have to take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt; for the rest of your life to prevent blood clots. And your risk of endocarditis (a heart infection) is higher than with a biologic valve.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html" id="1945" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006349">Heart Valve Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html" id="1605">Mitral Valve Prolapse</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aortic Stenosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Heart Murmur</see-reference>
<see-reference>Valvular Heart Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="Abnormal and &quot;Innocent&quot; Heart Murmurs" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/innocent-heart-murmur">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Valvular Heart Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-valve-disease.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absent pulmonary valve" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007314.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic Calcification: An Early Sign of Heart Valve Problems?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/expert-answers/aortic-valve-calcification/FAQ-20058525?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/expert-answers/aortic-valve-calcification/faq-20058525?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic regurgitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000179.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000179.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic stenosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000178.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic Valve Disease" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/adult-heart-disease/aortic-valve-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aortic Valve Regurgitation" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20353129?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic Valve Stenosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353139?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic valve surgery - minimally invasive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007407.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortic valve surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007408.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bicuspid aortic valve" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007325.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Valve Stenosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Aortic+Valve+Stenosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Murmurs" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Heart+Murmurs%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Valve Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Heart+Valve+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diseases of the Tricuspid Valve" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diseases-of-the-tricuspid-valve/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedades-de-la-valvula-tricuspide/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ebstein anomaly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007321.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Geleophysic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/geleophysic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Murmurs" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20373171?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart murmurs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003266.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Murmurs (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/heart-murmurs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/heart-murmurs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Murmurs and Your Child (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/murmurs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/murmurs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Valve Anatomy" url="https://watchlearnlive.heart.org/index.php?moduleSelect=anatom">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Valve Problems and Causes" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart valve surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002954.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart valve surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000291.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Valve Surgery Recovery and Follow Up" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/recovery-and-healthy-living-goals-for-heart-valve-patients/heart-valve-surgery-recovery-and-follow-up">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Left heart catheterization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003871.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications for Heart Valve Symptoms" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/medications-for-heart-valve-symptoms">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral stenosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000175.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral Valve Disease" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/adult-heart-disease/mitral-valve-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve regurgitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000176.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral Valve Stenosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353159?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve surgery - minimally invasive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007411.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007412.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newer Heart Valve Surgery Options" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/newer-heart-valve-surgery-options">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Options for Heart Valve Replacement" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/options-for-heart-valve-replacement">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problem: Heart Valve Regurgitation" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-heart-valve-regurgitation">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problem: Heart Valve Stenosis" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-heart-valve-stenosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart valve diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Valve+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Valve Stenosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-valve-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20377034?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-valve-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20377034?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonic valve stenosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001096.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing the Symptoms of Worsening Heart Valve Disease" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-disease-risks-signs-and-symptoms/recognizing-the-symptoms-of-worsening-heart-valve-disease">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatic Fever" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/rheumatic-fever/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/fiebre-reumatica/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risks for Heart Valve Problems" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-disease-risks-signs-and-symptoms/risks-for-heart-valve-problems">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transcatheter aortic valve replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/tavr" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tavr">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tricuspid regurgitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000169.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Valve Disease" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/valve-disease/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedad-valvular/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Valve Repair or Replacement" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/valve-repair-or-replacement/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-o-sustitucion-valvular/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Heart Valve Diseases?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-valve-diseases">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is TAVR? (TAVI)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/what-is-tavr">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Expect After Heart Surgery" url="https://www.sts.org/sites/default/files/AHSBrochureFinal.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Need Heart Valve Surgery?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-heart-valve-surgery.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-heart-valve-surgery-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Looking for heartburn remedies?  Find out more about heartburn (pyrosis) and how to relieve this type of indigestion. " title="Heartburn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html" id="1653" language="English" date-created="05/28/2002">
<also-called>Acid indigestion</also-called>
<also-called>Pyrosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Heartburn is a painful burning feeling in your chest or throat. It happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have heartburn more than twice a week, you may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt;. But you can have GERD without having heartburn.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pregnancy, certain foods, alcohol, and some medications can bring on heartburn. Treating heartburn is important because over time reflux can damage the esophagus.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Over-the-counter medicines may help.  If the heartburn continues, you may need prescription medicines or surgery. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have other symptoms such as crushing chest pain, it could be a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;. Get help immediately.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html" id="2257" language="Spanish">Acidez estomacal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006356">Heartburn</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512">GERD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html" id="4293">Indigestion</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acid Reflux</see-reference>
<site title="Acid Reflux (GER and GERD) in Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/reflujo-gastrico-rge-enfermedad-por-reflujo-gastroesofagico-erge-adultos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antacids and Acid Reducers: OTC Relief for Heartburn and Acid Reflux" url="https://familydoctor.org/antacids-and-acid-reducers-otc-relief-for-heartburn-and-acid-reflux/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antiacidos-y-reductores-de-acido-alivio-con-medicamentos-otc-para-la-acidez-estomacal-y-el-reflujo-acido/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bernstein test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003897.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bland diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastroesophageal Reflux" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastroesophageal+Reflux%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heartburn" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Heartburn%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal pH Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/esophageal-ph-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ph-esofagico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Globus" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/globus/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003114.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003114.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000068.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heartburn/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/acidez-estomacal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20373223?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heartburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20373223?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000225.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn or Heart Attack: When to Worry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heartburn/in-depth/heartburn-gerd/art-20046483?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heartburn" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heartburn%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reflux in Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflux in Infants: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking antacids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Warning: Aspirin-Containing Antacid Medicines Can Cause Bleeding" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/warning-aspirin-containing-antacid-medicines-can-cause-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/advertencia-los-antiacidos-que-contienen-aspirina-pueden-causar-sangrado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="During hot weather, especially with high humidity, sweating isn't enough and your temperature can rise and cause heat illnesses like heat exhaustion." title="Heat Illness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html" id="280" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<also-called>Heat exhaustion</also-called>
<also-called>Heat stroke</also-called>
<also-called>Sunstroke</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your body normally cools itself by sweating.  During hot weather, especially when it is very humid, sweating just isn't enough to cool you off. Your body temperature can rise to dangerous levels and you can develop a heat illness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most heat illnesses happen when you stay out in the heat too long. Exercising and working outside in high heat can also lead to heat illness. Older adults, young children, and those who are sick or overweight are most at risk. Taking certain medicines or drinking alcohol can also raise your risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Heat-related illnesses include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heat stroke - a life-threatening illness in which body temperature may rise above 106 °F (41 °C) in minutes. Symptoms include dry skin, a rapid, strong pulse, dizziness, nausea, and confusion. If you see any of these signs, get medical help right away.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heat exhaustion -  an illness that can happen after several days of exposure to high temperatures and not enough fluids. Symptoms include heavy sweating, rapid breathing, and a fast, weak pulse. If it is not treated, it can turn into heat stroke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heat cramps - muscle pains or spasms that happen during heavy exercise. You usually get them in your abdomen, arms, or legs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heat rash - skin irritation from excessive sweating. It is more common in young children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can lower your risk of heat illness by drinking fluids to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;, replacing lost salt and minerals, and limiting your time in the heat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html" id="1946" language="Spanish">Enfermedades causadas por el calor</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018882">Heat Stress Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html" id="6051">Dehydration</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html" id="1419">Sun Exposure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Heat Exhaustion</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hot (Temperature)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sunstroke</see-reference>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beat the Heat: Staying Safe in the Summertime" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/06/beat-heat" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/combatir-el-calor">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dehydration" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dehydration%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heat Stress Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Heat+Stress+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Extreme Heat" url="https://www.ready.gov/heat" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/calor-extremo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extreme Heat and Your Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extreme Heat Safety" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/extreme-heat-safety.html" language-mapped-url="http://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja/preparate/calor">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Cramps, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-heat-cramps?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000056.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000056.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heat-exhaustion-heatstroke/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/agotamiento-por-calor-y-golpe-de-calor-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Exhaustion, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-heat-exhaustion?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat intolerance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003094.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003094.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Stress and Workers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/heat-stress/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Stress in Older Adults" url="https://www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/risk-factors/extreme-heat-and-older-adults-aged-65.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/older-adults-heat.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Stroke and Hot Cars" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/health--safety-tips/heat-stroke-and-hot-cars" language-mapped-url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/en-espanol/golpe-de-calor-y-vehiculos-calientes">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat-Related Illnesses" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/heat-related-illnesses">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heatstroke, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-heatstroke?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hot Weather Safety for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/hot-weather-safety-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/hipertermia/hipertermia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hotter Days Put Human Health at Risk" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hotter-days-put-human-health-at-risk" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-dias-mas-calurosos-ponen-en-riesgo-la-salud-humana">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to avoid overheating during exercise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000865.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Kids Safe from the Dangers of Hot Cars" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hot-car-dangers.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hot-car-dangers.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miliaria Rubra" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/miliaria-rubra?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miliaria Rubra" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/miliaria-rubra?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Heat-Related Illness" url="https://www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Heart in the Heat" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/protect-your-heart-in-the-heat">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Yourself from Heat Stress" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-114/pdfs/2010-114.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-114_sp/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heat Illness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heat+Stress+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety Tips for Exercising Outdoors for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safety Tips for Hot Weather Exercise" url="https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayoqahot-weather-exercise/" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048167?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Heat-Related Illnesses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/warning.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Working in the Heat: Know the Hazards" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA4401.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heel problems are common and painful. What causes heel pain? Read more about causes and conditions that can result from heel problems." title="Heel Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3650" language="English" date-created="11/18/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Heel problems are common and can be painful. Often, they result from too much stress on your heel bone and the tissues that surround it. That stress can come from:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bruises that you get walking, running or jumping &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing shoes that don't fit or aren't made well&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being overweight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These can lead to tendinitis, bursitis, and fasciitis, which are all types of inflammation of the tissues that surround your heel. Over time the stress can cause bone spurs and deformities. Certain diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, can also lead to heel problems. Treatments for heel problems might include rest, medicines, exercises, taping, and special shoes. Surgery is rarely needed.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3651" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del talón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006365">Heel</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000293">injuries</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html" id="1327">Foot Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Achilles Tendon Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Plantar Fasciitis</see-reference>
<site title="Achilles Tendinitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369020?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achilles tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001072.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achilles tendon repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007643.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achilles Tendon Rupture" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture/symptoms-causes/syc-20353234?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achilles tendon rupture - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000546.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Podiatric Medical Association" url="https://www.apma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Healing" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brisement" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/injections-and-other-treatments/brisement">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis of the heel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001073.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcaneus (Heel Bone) Fractures" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/calcaneus-heel-bone-fractures/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Achilles Tendon Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Achilles+Tendon%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fasciitis, Plantar" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fasciitis,+Plantar%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heel Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Heel%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cracked Heels" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Don't Ignore Your Kid's Heel Pain" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/don-t-ignore-your-kid-s-heel-pain">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot and Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/foot-and-ankle-conditioning-program/foot-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary of Foot and Ankle Terms" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haglund's Deformity" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/haglund%E2%80%99s-deformity" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/haglund%E2%80%99s-deformity?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heel Pain" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=985">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heel pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003181.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003181.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heel pain and Achilles tendonitis -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerve Entrapment" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/foot-and-ankle-problems/medial-and-lateral-plantar-nerve-entrapment" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/problemas-en-los-pies-y-los-tobillos/atrapamiento-del-nervio-plantar-medial-y-lateral">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous Achilles Tendon Lengthening" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/percutaneous-achilles-tendon-lengthening">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Fasciitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/plantar-fasciitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fascitis-plantar-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar fasciitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007021.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Custom Orthotics and Shoe Inserts" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=988">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heel Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heel%2Finjuries%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Search the Foot and Ankle Conditions: Interactive Foot Diagram" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/foot-ankle-conditions/search-the-foot-ankle">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sever's Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/severs-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-sever-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="H. Pylori is a bacterium that can infect the stomach. Being infected is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers. Learn more." title="Helicobacter Pylori Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html" id="6078" language="English" date-created="01/07/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes infection in the stomach. It is the main cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;peptic ulcers&lt;/a&gt;, and it can also cause gastritis and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html"&gt;stomach cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About 30 to 40% of people in the United States get an H. pylori infection. Most people get it as a child. H. pylori usually does not cause symptoms. But it can break down the inner protective coating in some people's stomachs and cause inflammation. This can lead to gastritis or a peptic ulcer.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Researchers aren't sure how H. pylori spreads. They think that it may spread by unclean food and water, or through contact with an infected person's saliva and other body fluids.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A peptic ulcer causes a dull or burning pain in your stomach, especially when you have an empty stomach. It lasts for minutes to hours, and it may come and go for several days or weeks.  It may also cause other symptoms, such as bloating, nausea, and weight loss. If you have the symptoms of a peptic ulcer, your health care provider will check to see whether you have H. pylori.  There are blood, breath, and stool tests to check for H. pylori. In some cases, you may need an upper &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopy&lt;/a&gt;, often with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you do have a peptic ulcer, the treatment is with a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medicines. You will need to be tested again after treatment to make sure the infection is gone.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no vaccine for H. pylori. Since H. pylori might spread through unclean food and water, you might be able to prevent it if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your hands after using the bathroom and before eating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat properly prepared food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink water from a clean, safe source&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html" id="6079" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Helicobacter pylori</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016481">Helicobacter Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html" id="357">Peptic Ulcer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html" id="419">Stomach Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>H. Pylori Infections</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Helicobacter Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Helicobacter+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definition &amp; Facts for Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/definition-facts" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/definicion-hechos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis and Gastropathy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastritis-gastropatia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/h-pylori-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-h-pylori">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007715.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori Infections" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/h-pylori.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/h-pylori.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter Pylori Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Helicobacter-Pylori-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/helicobacter-pylori-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter Pylori Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Helicobacter+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stool Test: H. Pylori Antigen" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-pylori-antigen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-pylori-antigen.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for H pylori" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007501.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease (too much iron in the body). The extra iron can build up in organs and cause damage. Find out how." title="Hemochromatosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html" id="1220" language="English" date-created="07/17/2000">
<also-called>Iron overload disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hemochromatosis is a disease in which too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html"&gt;iron&lt;/a&gt; builds up in your body. Your body needs iron but too much of it is toxic. If you have hemochromatosis, you absorb more iron than you need. Your body has no natural way to get rid of the extra iron. It stores it in body tissues, especially the liver, heart, and pancreas. The extra iron can damage your organs. Without treatment, it can cause your organs to fail.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two types of hemochromatosis. Primary hemochromatosis is an inherited disease. Secondary hemochromatosis is usually the result of something else, such as anemia, thalassemia, liver disease, or blood transfusions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many symptoms of hemochromatosis are similar to those of other diseases. Not everyone has symptoms. If you do, you may have joint pain, fatigue, general weakness, weight loss, and stomach pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose hemochromatosis based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures. Treatments include removing blood (and iron) from your body, medicines, and changes in your diet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html" id="1947" language="Spanish">Hemocromatosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006432">Hemochromatosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html" id="5542">Iron</related-topic>
<see-reference>Iron Overload Disease</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemochromatosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemochromatosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ferritin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ferritin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-ferritina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ferritin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemochromatosis" url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/rare-disease/hemochromatosis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemochromatosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/hemochromatosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemochromatosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000327.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary Hemochromatosis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hereditary-hemochromatosis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hemocromatosis-hereditaria-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary Hemochromatosis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hh.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hh.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary hemochromatosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-hemochromatosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypochromic-microcytic-anemia-with-iron-overload">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iron Chelation" url="https://www.aamds.org/treatment/iron-chelation">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iron Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/iron-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-hierro/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Hereditary Hemochromatosis" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Hereditary-Hemochromatosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemochromatosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemochromatosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Serum iron test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003488.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hemocromatosis es una enfermedad en la que exceso de hierro se acumula en su cuerpo. Síntomas y control de la enfermedad. " title="Hemocromatosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html" id="1947" language="Spanish" date-created="02/17/2005">
<also-called>Sobrecarga de hierro</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La hemocromatosis es una enfermedad en la que exceso de  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html"&gt;hierro&lt;/a&gt; se acumula en su cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita hierro, pero demasiado resulta tóxico. Si usted tiene hemocromatosis, absorbe más hierro de lo que necesita. Su cuerpo no tiene cómo deshacerse del hierro adicional en forma natural. Éste se almacena en los tejidos del cuerpo, especialmente el hígado, corazón y páncreas. El hierro adicional puede dañar sus órganos. Sin tratamiento, puede causar que sus órganos fallen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de hemocromatosis. La hemocromatosis primaria es una enfermedad hereditaria. Hemocromatosis secundaria es generalmente el resultado de algo más, como la anemia, la talasemia, enfermedad hepática o transfusiones de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Muchos de los síntomas de la hemocromatosis se parecen a los de otras enfermedades. No todos muestran síntomas. Si lo hace, usted puede presentar dolor en las articulaciones, fatiga, debilidad general, pérdida de peso y dolor de estómago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su médico diagnosticará la hemocromatosis tomando en cuenta sus antecedentes médicos y familiares, un examen físico y los resultados de pruebas y procedimientos. Los tratamientos incluyen la eliminación de la sangre (y el hierro) de su cuerpo, medicamentos y cambios en su dieta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html" id="1220" language="English">Hemochromatosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html" id="5543">Hierro en la dieta</related-topic>
<site title="Biopsia sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ferritina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hierro sérico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003488.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemocromatosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000327.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemocromatosis hereditaria" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hemocromatosis-hereditaria-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hereditary-hemochromatosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemocromatosis hereditaria (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hh.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hh.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemocromatosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351448?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de ferritina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-ferritina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ferritin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-hierro/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/iron-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hemofilia es un trastorno poco común en el cual la sangre no coagula normalmente. Suele ocurrir en hombres. Síntomas y tratamiento." title="Hemofilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html" id="3116" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hemofilia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La hemofilia es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;problema de la coagulación&lt;/a&gt; raro en el que la sangre no coagula como debería. Esto puede causar problemas de sangrado excesivo después de una lesión o cirugía. También puede tener sangrado repentino dentro del cuerpo, como en sus articulaciones, músculos y órganos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su sangre contiene muchas proteínas llamadas factores de coagulación que pueden ayudar a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado. Las personas con hemofilia tienen niveles bajos de uno de estos factores, generalmente el factor VIII (8) o el factor IX (9). La gravedad de la hemofilia depende de la cantidad de factor en la sangre. Cuanto más baja sea la cantidad del factor, más probable es que se produzca una hemorragia y que esto cause problemas de salud graves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de hemofilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay varios tipos diferentes de hemofilia. Los más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemofilia A (hemofilia clásica): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación VIII (8)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemofilia B (enfermedad de Christmas): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación IX (9)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la hemofilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los tipos de hemofilia son heredados. Son causados por un cambio en uno de los genes (también llamado variación) que entrega instrucciones para producir las proteínas del factor de coagulación. Este cambio puede significar que las proteínas de coagulación no funcionan bien o que faltan por completo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estos genes están en el cromosoma X. Es posible que tenga uno o dos cromosomas X:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las personas que nacen varones tienen un cromosoma X (de la madre) y un cromosoma Y (del padre). Pueden contraer hemofilia si su único cromosoma X tiene el cambio genético&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Las personas que nacen mujeres tienen dos cromosomas X, uno del padre y otro de la madre. Por lo general, solo contraen hemofilia si:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ambos cromosomas X tienen el cambio genético &lt;strong&gt;
ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Un cromosoma X tiene el gen modificado y el otro cromosoma X falta o está inactivo&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;Las personas que nacen mujeres con el cambio genético en un cromosoma X son "portadoras" de la hemofilia. A veces pueden tener algunos síntomas de hemofilia, y pueden transmitir el cambio genético a sus hijos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hemofilia que no se hereda se llama hemofilia adquirida. Es poco común. Ocurre cuando el cuerpo produce proteínas especializadas llamadas autoanticuerpos que atacan y desactivan un factor de coagulación. Esto puede ocurrir debido a un embarazo, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;, cáncer o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;reacciones alérgicas&lt;/a&gt; a ciertos medicamentos. A veces la causa es desconocida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de hemofilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hemofilia es mucho más común en personas que nacieron varones, ya que pueden contraerla con un cambio en el gen de un cromosoma X. Las personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia también corren un mayor riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hemofilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas de la hemofilia son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado en las articulaciones. Esto puede causar hinchazón y dolor u opresión en las articulaciones. A menudo afecta las rodillas, los codos y los tobillos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado en la piel (que son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado en el músculo y el tejido blando, lo que puede causar una acumulación de sangre en el área (llamado hematoma)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado de la boca y las encías, incluyendo sangrado difícil de detener después de perder un diente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado después de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/circumcision.html"&gt;circuncisión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado después de recibir inyecciones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado en la cabeza de un bebé después de un parto difícil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre en la orina o las heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrados nasales frecuentes y difíciles de detener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, la hemofilia severa puede causar sangrado en el cerebro. Esto puede causar daño cerebral y puede poner en peligro la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hemofilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene hemofilia, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su historial médico, incluyendo síntomas y otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre sus antecedentes familiares, para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido hemofilia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar un examen físico para buscar signos de hemofilia, como hematomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solicitar ciertos análisis de sangre para mostrar si su sangre está coagulando como debe. Si no es así, se le realizarán &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-los-factores-de-la-coagulacion/"&gt;pruebas de factor de coagulación&lt;/a&gt; para diagnosticar la causa del trastorno hemorrágico. Estos análisis de sangre mostrarían el tipo de hemofilia y su gravedad.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay pruebas genéticas para los genes del factor VIII (8) y del factor IX (9). Esta prueba se puede usar en personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identificar a las personas que son portadoras antes de tomar decisiones sobre un embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un feto durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un recién nacido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hemofilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de tratar la hemofilia es reemplazar el factor de coagulación faltante para que la sangre pueda coagular bien. En general, esto se hace inyectando un factor de coagulación de reemplazo en una vena. El factor de coagulación de reemplazo se puede hacer a partir de sangre humana donada. O puede hacerse en un laboratorio; a lo que se llama factor de coagulación recombinante.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El factor de coagulación de reemplazo puede ayudar a tratar un episodio de sangrado. En los casos más graves de hemofilia, es posible que reciba el factor de manera regular para prevenir el sangrado. Puede aprender cómo inyectar el factor para que pueda hacerlo usted mismo en casa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay otros medicamentos para tratar la hemofilia. Pueden funcionar liberando el factor VIII (8) desde donde está almacenado en los tejidos del cuerpo, reemplazando la función del factor VIII (8) o evitando que se disuelvan los coágulos.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si el sangrado ha dañado sus articulaciones, la terapia física puede ayudar a mejorar su funcionamiento.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Una atención médica de buena calidad entregada por profesionales de la salud con amplios conocimientos sobre el trastorno puede ayudar a prevenir algunos problemas graves. A menudo, la mejor opción de atención es visitar un &lt;a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/treatment/treatment-centers.html"&gt;centro de tratamiento para la hemofilia (en inglés)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html" id="3115" language="English">Hemophilia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html" id="2231">Problemas de coagulación</related-topic>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tiempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-ptt.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor IX" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003679.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor VIII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003678.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federación Mundial de Hemofilia" url="https://wfh.org/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.wfh.org">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoacción: Juega y aprende sobre la hemofilia" url="https://www1.wfh.org/publication/files/pdf-1350.pdf">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hemophilia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hemophilia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/es/centros-de-aprendizaje/hemofilia/" language-mapped-url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/hemophilia/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000537.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000538.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000539.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia en imágenes" url="https://www1.wfh.org/sp/index.html" language-mapped-url="http://www1.wfh.org/en/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hemophilia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373333?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia: Qué hacer ante los sangrados" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hemophilia-bleeds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hemophilia-bleeds.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemofilia: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hemophilia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373327?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y niñas con hemofilia" url="https://www1.wfh.org/publications/files/pdf-2350.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www1.wfh.org/publications/files/pdf-2342.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tiempo de protrombina e INR (TP/INR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiempo-de-protrombina-e-inr-tpinr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prothrombin-time-test-and-inr-ptinr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de TPT (tiempo parcial de tromboplastina)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tpt-tiempo-parcial-de-tromboplastina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/partial-thromboplastin-time-ptt-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de los factores de la coagulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-los-factores-de-la-coagulacion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/coagulation-factor-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo parcial de tromboplastina (TPT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003653.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transfusiones de sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/transfusions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/transfusions.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los trastornos hemorrágicos?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-hemorragicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bleeding-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hemophilia is a rare disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. Usually hemophilia usually occurs in males and is inherited. Learn more." title="Hemophilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html" id="3115" language="English" date-created="01/09/2003">
<also-called>Christmas disease</also-called>
<also-called>Factor IX deficiency</also-called>
<also-called>Factor VIII deficiency</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hemophilia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Hemophilia is a rare &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;bleeding disorder&lt;/a&gt; in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to problems with bleeding too much after an injury or surgery. You can also have sudden bleeding inside your body, such as in your joints, muscles, and organs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your blood contains many proteins called clotting factors that can help form clots to stop bleeding. People with hemophilia have low levels of one of these factors, usually either factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9). How severe the hemophilia is depends on the amount of factor in the blood. The lower the amount of the factor, the more likely it is that bleeding could happen and might lead to serious health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of hemophilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of hemophilia. The most common are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor VIII (8)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemophilia B (Christmas disease), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor IX (9)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hemophilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most types of hemophilia are inherited. They are caused by change in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hemophilia/"&gt;one of the genes&lt;/a&gt; (also called a mutation) that provides instructions for making the clotting factor proteins. The change may mean that the clotting proteins don't work properly or that they are missing altogether.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These genes are on the X chromosome. You may have one or two X chromosomes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who are born male have one X chromosome (from the mother) and one Y chromosome (from the father). They can get hemophilia if their one X chromosome has the gene change.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;People who are born female have two X chromosomes, one from the father and one from the mother. They usually only get hemophilia if:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Both X chromosomes have the gene change &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;One X chromosome has the gene change and the other X chromosome is missing or inactive.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;People who are born female who have the gene change on one X chromosome are a "carrier" of hemophilia. Sometimes they may have some symptoms of hemophilia. They can pass the gene change on to their children.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hemophilia that is not inherited is called acquired hemophilia. It is rare. It happens when your body makes specialized proteins called autoantibodies that attack and disable a clotting factor. This can happen because of pregnancy, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system disorders&lt;/a&gt;, cancer, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;allergic reactions&lt;/a&gt; to certain medicines. Sometimes the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for hemophilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hemophilia is much more common in people who were born male since they can get it with a change to the gene on one X chromosome. People who have a family history of hemophilia are also at higher risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hemophilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms of hemophilia are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding into the joints. This can cause swelling and pain or tightness in the joints. It often affects the knees, elbows, and ankles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding into the skin (which is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding into the muscle and soft tissue, which can cause a build-up of blood in the area (called a hematoma).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding of the mouth and gums, including bleeding that is hard to stop after you lose a tooth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding after &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/circumcision.html"&gt;circumcision&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding after having shots, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccinations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding in the head of an infant after a difficult delivery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood in the urine or stool.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent and hard-to-stop nosebleeds.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, severe hemophilia may cause bleeding in the brain. This may cause brain damage and can be life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hemophilia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have hemophilia, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms and other health conditions you may have.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your family history, to find out if you have relatives who have or had hemophilia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical exam to look for signs of hemophilia, such as bruising.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do certain blood tests to show if your blood is clotting properly. If it does not, then you will have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/coagulation-factor-tests/"&gt;clotting factor tests&lt;/a&gt; to diagnose the cause of the bleeding disorder. These blood tests would show the type of hemophilia and the severity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is genetic testing for the factor VIII (8) and factor IX (9) genes. This testing may be used in people who have a family history of hemophilia to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Identify people who are carriers before they make decisions about pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Test a fetus for hemophilia during pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Test a newborn for hemophilia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hemophilia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best way to treat hemophilia is to replace the missing clotting factor so that your blood can clot properly. This is usually done by injecting replacement clotting factor into a vein. The replacement clotting factor may be made from donated human blood. Or it may be made in a lab; this kind is called a recombinant clotting factor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Replacement clotting factor can help treat a bleeding episode. In more severe cases of hemophilia, you might get the factor on a regular basis to prevent bleeding. You can learn how to inject the factor so that you can do it yourself at home.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are other medicines to treat hemophilia. They may work by releasing factor VIII (8) from where it is stored in the body tissues, replacing the function of factor VIII (8), or preventing clots from breaking down.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If bleeding has damaged your joints, physical therapy may help them function better.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Good quality medical care from healthcare professionals who know a lot about the disorder can help prevent some serious problems. Often the best choice for care is to visit a &lt;a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/treatment/treatment-centers.html"&gt;hemophilia treatment center (HTC)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html" id="3116" language="Spanish">Hemofilia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006467">Hemophilia A</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html" id="166">Bleeding Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Coagulation Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="About Hemophilia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/hemophilia/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Hemophilia" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Hemophilia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Test: Factor IX Activity (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-factor9.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blood Coagulation Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blood+Coagulation+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemophilia A" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemophilia+A%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coagulation Factor Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/coagulation-factor-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-los-factores-de-la-coagulacion/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Hemophilia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/data-research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing Hemophilia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/testing/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/hemophilia/diagnosis.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factor IX assay" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003679.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factor VIII assay" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003678.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Hematologist" url="https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/find-a-hematologist">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Hematology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemophilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000537.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemophilia" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/hemophilia/" language-mapped-url="https://elearning.wfh.org/es/centros-de-aprendizaje/hemofilia/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Federation of Hemophilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemophilia A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000538.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemophilia B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000539.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemophilia: Handling Bleeds" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hemophilia-bleeds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hemophilia-bleeds.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemophilia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hemophilia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Information on Hemophilia for Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/about/information-for-women.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/hemophilia/women.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Hemophilia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/living-with/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003653.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/partial-thromboplastin-time-ptt-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tpt-tiempo-parcial-de-tromboplastina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prothrombin-time-test-and-inr-ptinr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiempo-de-protrombina-e-inr-tpinr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemophilia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemophilia+A%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Testing for Inhibitors and Hemophilia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/testing/testing-for-inhibitors-and-hemophilia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/hemophilia/inhibitors.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travel Safe with a Bleeding Disorder" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/travel-safe/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Bleeding Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bleeding-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-hemorragicos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Hemophilia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hemophilia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hemophilia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Girls with Hemophilia" url="https://www1.wfh.org/publications/files/pdf-2342.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www1.wfh.org/publications/files/pdf-2350.pdf">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>World Federation of Hemophilia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sangrado o hemorragia es la pérdida de sangre. Puede ocurrir dentro o fuera del cuerpo. Tipos y tratamientos. " title="Hemorragia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html" id="6040" language="Spanish" date-created="09/17/2012">
<also-called>Sangrado</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El sangrado o hemorragia es la pérdida de sangre. Puede ser externo o dentro del cuerpo. Usted puede sangrar al hacerse un corte o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;herida&lt;/a&gt;. También puede ocurrir cuando sufre una lesión en un órgano interno. Algunos tipos de sangrado, como la hemorragia &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;gastrointestinal&lt;/a&gt;, toser con sangre o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;sangrado vaginal&lt;/a&gt;, pueden ser un síntoma de una enfermedad. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usualmente, cuando tiene una herida y comienza a sangrar, se forma un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo sanguíneo&lt;/a&gt; para detener la hemorragia rápidamente. Luego, el coágulo se disuelve naturalmente. Para poder formar un coágulo, su sangre necesita proteínas sanguíneas llamadas factores de coagulación y un tipo de glóbulo llamado plaqueta. Algunas personas tienen problemas con la coagulación debido a otra afección médica o una enfermedad hereditaria. Existen dos tipos de estos problemas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es posible que su sangre no forme coágulos normalmente, lo que se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno de la coagulación&lt;/a&gt;. Esto sucede cuando su cuerpo no produce suficientes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas&lt;/a&gt; o factores de coagulación, o no funcionan bien&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su sangre puede formar demasiados coágulos, o los coágulos pueden no disolverse adecuadamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, la hemorragia puede causar otros problemas. Un hematoma es sangrado debajo de la piel. Algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;accidentes cerebrovasculares&lt;/a&gt; son causados por sangrado en el cerebro. Ciertas hemorragias pueden requerir primeros auxilios o ir a la sala de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;emergencias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html" id="6039" language="English">Bleeding</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1917">Hemorragia gastrointestinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html" id="2231">Problemas de coagulación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html" id="3647">Problemas de la sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html" id="5219">Problemas plaquetarios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4876">Sangrado vaginal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html" id="6038">Sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1778">Transfusión y donación de sangre</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sangrado</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de los sangrados por deficiencia de vitamina K" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/es/about/acerca-de-los-sangrados-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-k.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/about/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia debida a un sangrado excesivo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/anemia/anemia-debida-a-un-sangrado-excesivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/anemia-due-to-excessive-bleeding">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar los cortes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bleeding.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/embolization.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/embolization.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encías sangrantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003062.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001412.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma intracraneal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia gastrointestinal: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia interna" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/primeros-auxilios/hemorragia-interna" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/internal-bleeding">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia intraventricular del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007301.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia lineal subungueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003283.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia subaracnoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000701.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia subconjuntival" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001616.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragias nasales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/nosebleeds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nosebleeds.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragias nasales (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nosebleeds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nosebleeds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragias nasales (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nose-bleed.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nose-bleed.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proceso de coagulación de la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de TPT (tiempo parcial de tromboplastina)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tpt-tiempo-parcial-de-tromboplastina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/partial-thromboplastin-time-ptt-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000045.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado agudo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/acute-bleeding.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado dentro de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003235.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado durante el tratamiento para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000022.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado intenso: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/ART-20056661?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangrados nasales" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrados-nasales-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nosebleeds/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-del-ri%C3%B1%C3%B3n-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-urinarias/sangre-en-el-semen">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003163.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una costra?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/scab.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/scab.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una hemorragia subconjuntival?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/hemorragia-subconjuntival">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué necesito en mi botiquín de primeros auxilios?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-necesito-en-mi-botiquin-de-primeros-auxilios/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-do-i-need-in-my-first-aid-kit/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sangrado gastrointestinal puede ser síntoma de un problema más serio. Infórmese sobre pruebas y condiciones del tracto gastrointestinal aquí." title="Hemorragia gastrointestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1917" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Sangrado gastrointestinal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las vías intestinales o gastrointestinales incluyen el esófago, el estómago, el intestino delgado, el intestino grueso o colon, el recto y el ano. La hemorragia (sangrado) puede provenir de una o más de estas zonas. La cantidad de sangre puede ser tan pequeña que sólo se detecta con pruebas de laboratorio.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los signos de hemorragia en el tracto digestivo dependen de dónde se encuentra y cuánto sangrando hay. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los signos de sangrado en el tracto digestivo superior incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre de un color rojo brillante en el vómito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómito que parece café molido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces negras o alquitranadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre oscura mezclada con heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces mezcladas o recubiertas de sangre de color rojo brillante &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los signos de sangrado en el tracto digestivo inferior incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces negras o alquitranadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre oscura mezclada con heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces mezcladas o recubiertos de sangre de color rojo brillante&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hemorragia gastrointestinal no es una enfermedad, sino el síntoma de una enfermedad. Existen muchas causas posibles de hemorragia gastrointestinal, entre ellas se encuentran &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;hemorroides&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlceras pépticas&lt;/a&gt;, desgarres o inflamación en el esófago, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html"&gt;diverticulosis y diverticulitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerativa o ulcerosa&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;pólipos del colon&lt;/a&gt; o cáncer de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html"&gt;estómago&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La prueba que se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para conocer la causa de la hemorragia gastrointestinal se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopía&lt;/a&gt;. Se utiliza un instrumento flexible que se inserta a través de la boca o el recto para ver el interior de las vías intestinales (GI). Un tipo de endoscopía  que analiza el intestino grueso se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopía&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1308" language="English">Gastrointestinal Bleeding</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html" id="1948">Hemorroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html" id="2083">Úlcera péptica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Digestivo, Sangrado del aparato</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sangrado gastrointestinal</see-reference>
<site title="Angiografía mesentérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Color de las heces: Cuándo puede ser preocupante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/stool-color/expert-answers/faq-20058080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/stool-color/expert-answers/FAQ-20058080?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender el sangrado rectal leve" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-el-sangrado-rectal-leve" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-minor-rectal-bleeding">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia capsular" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la ultrasonografía endoscópica (EUS)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-ultrasonograf%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica" language-mapped-url="https://public.asge.org/Public/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iproductcode=peb04">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desgarro de Mallory-Weiss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000269.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desvío portosistémico intrahepático transyugular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tips" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tips">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen de corta duración" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen, largo plazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ferritina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de guayacol en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003393.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003835.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003835.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia digestiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003133.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perforación gastrointestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000235.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre oculta en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado del intestino delgado: Causas, diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/sangrado-del-intestino-delgado-causas-diagnostico-y-tratamiento/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/small-bowel-bleeding/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado del tracto gastrointestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100162_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100162_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado rectal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050740?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Várices esofágicas sangrantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómito con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003118.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos con sangre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/sym-20050732?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/SYM-20050732?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses including Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever. " title="Hemorrhagic Fevers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="1652" language="English" date-created="05/22/2002">
<also-called>VHFs</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. These include the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html"&gt;Ebola&lt;/a&gt; and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses. VHFs have common features: they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels, and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself. Some VHFs cause mild disease, but some, like Ebola or Marburg, cause severe disease and death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;VHFs are found around the world. Specific diseases are usually limited to areas where the animals that carry them live. For example, Lassa fever is limited to rural areas of West Africa where rats and mice carry the virus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The risk for travelers is low, but you should avoid visiting areas where there are disease outbreaks. Because there are no effective treatments for some of these viral infections, there is concern about their use in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterrorism&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="2256" language="Spanish">Fiebres hemorrágicas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006482">Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hemorrhagicfevers.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550">Biodefense and Bioterrorism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html" id="3104">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html" id="6202">Ebola</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lassa Fever</see-reference>
<see-reference>Yellow Fever</see-reference>
<site title="About Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/crimean-congo-hemorrhagic/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Lassa Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lassa-fever/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Marburg Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/marburg/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Nipah Virus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nipah-virus/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Rift Valley Fever (RVF)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rift-valley-fever/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemorrhagic+Fevers,+Viral%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lassa Fever" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lassa+Fever%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Yellow Fever" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Yellow+Fever%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinician Brief: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hfrs.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marburg Virus Disease" url="https://www.who.int/health-topics/marburg-virus-disease/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/marburg/factsheet/es/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhagic Fevers" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemorrhagic+Fevers%2C+Viral%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Yellow Fever" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/yellow-fever">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/symptoms-causes/syc-20351260?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/symptoms-causes/syc-20351260?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yellow fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001365.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yellow Fever Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/vaccine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yellow Fever Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/yf.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_yellow_fever.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yellow Fever Virus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel breaks and bleeds into the brain. Learn about the symptoms and genetics behind hemorrhagic stroke." title="Hemorrhagic Stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6263" language="English" date-created="08/19/2015">
<also-called>Intracerebral Hemorrhage</also-called>
<also-called>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; is a medical emergency. There are two types - &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;ischemic&lt;/a&gt; and hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic stroke is the less common type. It happens when a blood vessel breaks and bleeds into the brain. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. Causes include a bleeding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurysm&lt;/a&gt;, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arteriovenousmalformations.html"&gt;arteriovenous malformation&lt;/a&gt; (AVM), or an artery wall that breaks open.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of stroke are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden severe headache with no known cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. With a hemorrhagic stroke, the first steps are to find the cause of bleeding in the brain and then control it.  Surgery may be needed.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html"&gt;Post-stroke rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt; can help people overcome disabilities caused by stroke damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6264" language="Spanish">Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000083302">Hemorrhagic Stroke</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Brain Hemorrhage </see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebral Hemorrhage </see-reference>
<see-reference>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage </see-reference>
<site title="Cerebral amyloid angiopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000719.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhagic Stroke" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemorrhagic+Stroke%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intracranial Hemorrhages" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intracranial+Hemorrhages%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Subarachnoid+Hemorrhage%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/col4a1-related-brain-small-vessel-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial porencephaly: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-porencephaly">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhagic Stroke (Bleeds)" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/hemorrhagic-strokes-bleeds" language-mapped-url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/El-Ataque-Hemorragico-Al-Cerebro.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhagic Stroke" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemorrhagic+Stroke%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stroke - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subarachnoid hemorrhage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000701.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hemorrhoids (piles) are swollen veins that sometimes protrude from the anus. Read these tips to find relief from uncomfortable symptoms. " title="Hemorrhoids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html" id="1226" language="English" date-created="03/16/2000">
<also-called>Piles</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are hemorrhoids?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Hemorrhoids are swollen, inflamed veins around your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html"&gt;anus&lt;/a&gt; or the lower part of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rectaldisorders.html"&gt;rectum&lt;/a&gt;. There are two types:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;External hemorrhoids, which form under the skin around your anus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Internal hemorrhoids, which form in the lining of your anus and lower rectum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hemorrhoids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hemorrhoids happen when there is too much pressure on the veins around the anus. This can be caused by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Straining during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html"&gt;bowel movements&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sitting on the toilet for long periods of time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A low-&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fiber&lt;/a&gt; diet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakening of the supporting tissues in your anus and rectum. This can happen with aging and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequently lifting heavy objects.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of hemorrhoids depend on which type you have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With external hemorrhoids, you may have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anal itching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One or more hard, tender lumps near your anus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anal pain, especially when sitting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Too much straining, rubbing, or cleaning around your anus may make your symptoms worse. For many people, the symptoms of external hemorrhoids go away within a few days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With internal hemorrhoids, you may have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding from your rectum - you would see bright red blood in your stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prolapse, which is a hemorrhoid that has fallen through your anal opening&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Internal hemorrhoids are usually not painful unless they are prolapsed. Prolapsed internal hemorrhoids may cause pain and discomfort.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How can I treat hemorrhoids at home?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can most often treat your hemorrhoids at home by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating foods that are high in fiber.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking a stool softener or a fiber supplement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking enough fluids every day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not straining during bowel movements.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not sitting on the toilet for long periods of time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking warm baths several times a day to help relieve pain. This could be a regular bath or a sitz bath. With a sitz bath, you use a special plastic tub that allows you to sit in a few inches of warm water.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams, ointments, or suppositories to relieve mild pain, swelling, and itching of external hemorrhoids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When do I need to see a health care provider for hemorrhoids?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You should see your health care provider if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Still have symptoms after 1 week of at-home treatment.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt; from your rectum. Hemorrhoids are a common cause of bleeding, but other conditions can also cause bleeding. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colorectal cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html"&gt;anal cancer&lt;/a&gt;. So it's important to see your provider to find the cause of the bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are hemorrhoids diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have hemorrhoids, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam. Often providers can diagnose external hemorrhoids by looking at the area around your anus.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Will do a digital rectal exam to check for internal hemorrhoids. For this, the provider will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for anything that is abnormal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do procedures such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/"&gt;anoscopy&lt;/a&gt; to check for internal hemorrhoids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hemorrhoids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If at-home treatments for hemorrhoids don't help you, you may need a medical procedure. There are several different procedures that your provider can do in the office. These procedures use different techniques to cause scar tissue to form in the hemorrhoids. This cuts off the blood supply, which usually shrinks the hemorrhoids. In severe cases, you may need surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can hemorrhoids be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent hemorrhoids by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating foods that are high in fiber&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking a stool softener or a fiber supplement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking enough fluids every day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not straining during bowel movements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not sitting on the toilet for long periods of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html" id="1948" language="Spanish">Hemorroides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061865">Hemorrhoidectomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006484">Hemorrhoids</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html" id="137">Anal Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rectaldisorders.html" id="5870">Rectal Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Piles</see-reference>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Itching" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black or tarry stools" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhoidectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemorrhoidectomy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemorrhoids" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemorrhoids%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flexible Sigmoidoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/flexible-sigmoidoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/sigmoidoscopia-flexible">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhoid removal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000674.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhoid surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002939.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhoid surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100026_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100026_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhoids" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hemorrhoids/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hemorroides-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhoids" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/hemorrhoids">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhoids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000292.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horse Chestnut" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/horse-chestnut">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Get More Fiber in Your Diet" url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorrhoids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemorrhoids%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hemorrhoidectomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las hemorroides (almorranas) son venas hinchadas que a veces sobresalen del ano. Encuentre sugerencias para encontrar alivio de los síntomas desagradables." title="Hemorroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html" id="1948" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Almorranas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las hemorroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las hemorroides son venas inflamadas o hinchadas alrededor del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html"&gt;ano&lt;/a&gt; o la parte inferior de su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rectaldisorders.html"&gt;recto&lt;/a&gt;. Hay dos tipos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Hemorroides externas: Se forman debajo de la piel alrededor del ano&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hemorroides internas: Se forman en el revestimiento del ano y el recto inferior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las hemorroides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las hemorroides ocurren cuando hay demasiada presión en las venas alrededor del ano. Esto puede ser causado por:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Esfuerzo durante las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html"&gt;deposiciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentarse en el baño por demasiado tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt; crónico o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dieta baja en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilitamiento de los tejidos de soporte en el ano y recto: Esto puede suceder con el envejecimiento y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Levantar frecuentemente objetos pesados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las hemorroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las hemorroides dependen del tipo que tenga:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las hemorroides externas, puede tener:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Picazón anal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Uno o más bultos duros y sensibles cerca del ano&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor anal, especialmente al estar sentado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Hacer demasiado esfuerzo, frotarse o limpiarse alrededor de su ano puede empeorar sus síntomas. Para muchas personas, los síntomas de las hemorroides externas desaparecen en pocos días.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las hemorroides internas, puede tener:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sangrado del recto: Verá sangre roja brillante en las heces, en el papel higiénico o en la taza del inodoro después de defecar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prolapso: Es una hemorroide que sale a través del orificio anal&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En general, las hemorroides internas no son dolorosas a menos que estén prolapsadas. Las hemorroides internas prolapsadas pueden causar dolor e incomodidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo tratar las hemorroides en casa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tratar las hemorroides en casa al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consumir alimentos ricos en fibra&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar un ablandador de heces o un suplemento de fibra&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beber suficientes líquidos todos los días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No hacer mucho esfuerzo durante las deposiciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No sentarse en el baño por largos períodos de tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar analgésicos de venta libre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar baños calientes varias veces al día para ayudar a aliviar el dolor: Esto puede ser un baño normal o un baño de asiento. Para el baño de asiento, utilice una bañera de plástico especial que le permita sentarse en unas pocas pulgadas de agua tibia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar cremas, ungüentos o supositorios para hemorroides de venta libre para aliviar el dolor leve, la hinchazón y la picazón de las hemorroides externas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por hemorroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debería ver a su proveedor de atención médica si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Todavía tiene síntomas después de una semana de tratamiento en el hogar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;hemorragia rectal&lt;/a&gt;: Las hemorroides son una causa común de sangrado, pero otras afecciones también pueden causar sangrado, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerativa&lt;/a&gt;, cáncer  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colorrectal&lt;/a&gt; y cáncer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html"&gt;anal&lt;/a&gt;. Por ello, es importante consultar a su proveedor para encontrar la causa del sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las hemorroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene hemorroides, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico: A menudo, los proveedores pueden diagnosticar hemorroides externas al observar el área alrededor del ano&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hará un examen rectal digital para verificar si hay hemorroides internas. Para esto, el profesional de la salud insertará un dedo enguantado y lubricado en el recto para detectar cualquier cosa anormal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede realizar procedimientos como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/"&gt;anoscopia&lt;/a&gt; para verificar si hay hemorroides internas
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las hemorroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si los tratamientos caseros para las hemorroides no ayudan, es posible que necesite un procedimiento médico. Hay varios procedimientos diferentes que su profesional de la salud puede hacer en la consulta. Estos procedimientos usan diferentes técnicas para causar la formación de tejido cicatricial en las hemorroides, lo que corta el suministro de sangre, generalmente reduciendo las hemorroides. En casos severos, puede necesitar cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las hemorroides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ayudar a prevenir las hemorroides si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consume alimentos ricos en fibra&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toma un ablandador de heces o un suplemento de fibra&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Bebe suficientes líquidos todos los días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No se esfuerza durante las deposiciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No se sienta en el baño durante largos períodos de tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html" id="1226" language="English">Hemorrhoids</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741">Enfermedades del ano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rectaldisorders.html" id="5871">Enfermedades rectales</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación de hemorroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000674.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopia y anoscopia de alta resolución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de hemorroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100026_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100026_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de hemorroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002939.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra: Cómo aumentar la cantidad de fibra en su dieta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorroides" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hemorroides-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hemorrhoids/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000292.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorroides" url="https://s3.gi.org/patients/cgp/pdf/Sphemro.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Picazón anal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sigmoidoscopia flexible" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/sigmoidoscopia-flexible" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/flexible-sigmoidoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The word &quot;hepatitis&quot; means inflammation of the liver. There are five main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D or E). Learn about the different types here." title="Hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109" language="English" date-created="11/20/1998">
<also-called>Viral hepatitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis is inflammation of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis can be an acute (short-term) infection or a chronic (long-term) infection. Some types of hepatitis cause only acute infections. Other types can cause both acute and chronic infections.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of hepatitis, with different causes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viral hepatitis is the most common type. It is caused by one of several viruses -- hepatitis viruses &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html"&gt;A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html"&gt;B&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;C&lt;/a&gt;, D, and E. In the United States, A, B, and C are the most common.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcoholic hepatitis is caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;heavy alcohol use&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toxic hepatitis can be caused by certain poisons, chemicals, medicines, or supplements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic type in which your body's immune system attacks your liver. The cause is not known, but genetics and your environment may play a role.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is viral hepatitis spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis A and hepatitis E usually spread through contact with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;food&lt;/a&gt; or water that was contaminated with an infected person's stool. You can also get hepatitis E by eating undercooked pork, deer, or shellfish.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D spread through contact with the blood of someone who has the disease. Hepatitis B and D may also spread through contact with other body fluids. This can happen in many ways, such as sharing drug needles or having unprotected sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risks are different for the different types of hepatitis. For example, with most of the viral types, your risk is higher if you have unprotected sex.  People who drink a lot over long periods of time are at risk for alcoholic hepatitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people with hepatitis do not have symptoms and do not know they are infected. If you do have symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and/or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clay-colored bowel movements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;Jaundice&lt;/a&gt;, yellowing of your skin and eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have an acute infection, your symptoms can start anywhere between 2 weeks to 6 months after you got infected. If you have a chronic infection, you may not have symptoms until many years later.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can hepatitis cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chronic hepatitis can lead to complications such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt; (scarring of the liver), liver failure, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;liver cancer&lt;/a&gt;. Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis may prevent these complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hepatitis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose hepatitis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely do blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Might do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May need to do a liver &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; to get a clear diagnosis and check for liver damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for hepatitis depends on which type you have and whether it is acute or chronic. Acute viral hepatitis often goes away on its own. To feel better, you may just need to rest and get enough fluids. But in some cases, it may be more serious. You might even need treatment in a hospital.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different medicines to treat the different chronic types of hepatitis. Possible other treatments may include surgery and other medical procedures. People who have alcoholic hepatitis need to stop drinking. If your chronic hepatitis leads to liver failure or liver cancer, you may need a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html"&gt;liver transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can hepatitis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different ways to prevent or lower your risk for hepatitis, depending on the type of hepatitis. For example, not drinking too much alcohol can prevent alcoholic hepatitis. There are vaccines to prevent hepatitis A and B. Autoimmune hepatitis cannot be prevented.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
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<health-topic meta-desc="La palabra &quot;hepatitis&quot; significa inflamación del hígado. Hay 5 principales tipos de hepatitis (A, B, C, D o E). Más sobre los diferentes tipos aquí." title="Hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html" id="1949" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis es la inflamación del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt;. Inflamación es la hinchazón de órganos que ocurren cuando se lesionan o infectan, y puede dañar su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de este órgano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis puede ser una infección aguda (a corto plazo) o una infección crónica (a largo plazo). Algunos tipos de hepatitis solo causan infecciones agudas. Otros pueden causar infecciones tanto agudas como crónicas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de hepatitis, con diferentes causas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La hepatitis viral es el tipo más común. Es causada por uno de varios tipos, los virus de la hepatitis &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html"&gt;A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html"&gt;B&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;C&lt;/a&gt;, D y E. En los Estados Unidos, A, B y C son los más comunes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La hepatitis alcohólica es causada por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;consumo excesivo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La hepatitis tóxica puede ser causada por ciertos venenos, productos químicos, medicamentos o suplementos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; La hepatitis autoinmune es un tipo crónico en el que su sistema inmunitario ataca su hígado. Se desconoce la causa, pero la genética y el entorno pueden influir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se transmite la hepatitis viral?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la hepatitis A y la hepatitis E se transmiten a través del contacto con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;alimentos&lt;/a&gt; o agua contaminados con las heces de una persona infectada. También puede contraer hepatitis E al comer carne de cerdo, ciervo o mariscos poco cocidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis B, C y D se transmiten a través del contacto con la sangre de una persona con la enfermedad. La hepatitis B y D también se pueden propagar a través del contacto con otros fluidos corporales. Esto puede suceder de muchas maneras, como compartir agujas de drogas o tener relaciones sexuales sin protección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los riesgos son diferentes para los distintos tipos de hepatitis. Por ejemplo, con la mayoría de los tipos virales, su riesgo es mayor si tiene relaciones sexuales sin protección. Las personas que beben mucho durante períodos prolongados corren el riesgo de contraer hepatitis alcohólica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con hepatitis no presentan síntomas y no saben que están infectadas. Si se presentan síntomas, pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y/o vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Orina oscura&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Heces de color arcilla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;Ictericia&lt;/a&gt; (coloración amarillenta de la piel y los ojos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una infección aguda, sus síntomas pueden comenzar entre 2 semanas y 6 meses después de haberse infectado. Si tiene una infección crónica, es posible que no tenga síntomas hasta muchos años después.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis crónica puede provocar complicaciones como  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt; (cicatrización del hígado), insuficiencia hepática y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;cáncer de hígado&lt;/a&gt;. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano de la hepatitis crónica pueden prevenir estas complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la hepatitis, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es probable que le hagan análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Puede realizar pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es posible que sea necesario realizar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;de hígado para obtener un diagnóstico claro y verificar si hay daño hepático&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la hepatitis depende del tipo que tenga y si es aguda o crónica. La hepatitis viral aguda a menudo desaparece por sí sola. Para sentirse mejor, es posible que solo necesite descansar y tomar suficientes líquidos. Pero en algunos casos puede ser más serio. Incluso podría necesitar tratamiento en un hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes medicamentos para tratar los distintos tipos crónicos de hepatitis. Otros posibles tratamientos pueden incluir cirugía y otros procedimientos médicos. Las personas con hepatitis alcohólica deben dejar el alcohol. Si su hepatitis crónica provoca insuficiencia hepática o cáncer de hígado, es posible que necesite un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de hígado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes formas de prevenir o reducir el riesgo de hepatitis, según el tipo de afección. Por ejemplo, no beber demasiado alcohol puede prevenir la hepatitis alcohólica. Existen vacunas para prevenir la hepatitis A y B. La hepatitis autoinmune no se puede prevenir.&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109" language="English">Hepatitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009">Enfermedades del hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" id="2010">Trasplante de hígado</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hepatitis viral</see-reference>
<site title="5'-Nucleotidasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003575.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agente delta (hepatitis D)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000216.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alfa fetoproteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos contra el músculo liso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003531.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Daño hépatico inducido por medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000226.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000226.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración hepatocerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001393.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de leucina aminopeptidasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003559.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001154.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001154.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/hepatitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Hepatitis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis alcohólica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alcoholic-hepatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351388?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcoholic-hepatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351388?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis autoinmunitaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-autoinmunitaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/autoimmune-hepatitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis autoinmunitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000245.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis D" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-d">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis E" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-e">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis E" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis tóxica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/toxic-hepatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352202?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxic-hepatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352202?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis viral" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis viral" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/viral-hepatitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/viral-hepatitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucina aminopeptidasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003617.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patógenos de transmisión hemática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos contra el músculo liso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-el-musculo-liso/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/smooth-muscle-antibody-sma-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de serología de anticuerpos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hepatitis A virus can infect people who accidentally ingest fecal matter in contaminated food or water or through personal contact. More on HAV here." title="Hepatitis A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686" language="English" date-created="06/12/2002">
<also-called>HAV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;Hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; is inflammation of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is hepatitis A?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis A is a type of viral hepatitis. It causes an acute, or short-term, infection. This means that people usually get better without treatment after a few weeks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thanks to a vaccine, hepatitis A is not very common in the United States.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hepatitis A?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus spreads through contact with an infected person's stool. This can happen if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat food made by someone who has the virus and did not properly wash their hands after using the bathroom&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drink contaminated water or eat foods that were rinsed with contaminated water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have close personal contact with someone who has hepatitis A. This could be through certain types of sex (like oral-anal sex), taking care of someone who is ill, or using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;illegal drugs&lt;/a&gt; with others.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for hepatitis A?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although anyone can get hepatitis A, you are at higher risk if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Travel to developing countries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have sex with someone who has hepatitis A&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a man who has sex with men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use illegal drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are experiencing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/homelessnessandhealth.html"&gt;homelessness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Live with or care for someone who has hepatitis A&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Live with or care for a child recently adopted from a country where hepatitis A is common&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not everyone with hepatitis A has symptoms. Adults are more likely to have symptoms than children. If you do have symptoms, they usually start 2 to 7 weeks after infection. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark yellow urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gray- or clay-colored stools&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and/or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Yellowish eyes and skin, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;jaundice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms usually last less than 2 months, although some people can be ill for as long as 6 months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You are at a higher risk of getting a more severe infection from hepatitis A if you also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html"&gt;hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;.	

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can hepatitis A cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, hepatitis A may lead to liver failure. This is more common in adults over age 50 and in people who have another &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hepatitis A diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose hepatitis A, your health care provider may use many tools:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hepatitis A?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. The best way to recover is to rest, drink plenty of liquids, and eat healthy foods. Your provider may also suggest medicines to help relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, you may need care in a hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can hepatitis A be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The best way to prevent hepatitis A is to get the hepatitis A vaccine. It is also important to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good hygiene&lt;/a&gt;, especially washing your hands thoroughly after you go to the bathroom.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270" language="Spanish">Hepatitis A</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006506">Hepatitis A</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Trukese" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Chuukese">Chuukese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ilokano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Ilocano">Ilocano</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rwanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Mahsen en Pohnpei" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Pohnpeian">Pohnpeian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gagana Samoa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Samoan">Samoan</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="tigriññā / ትግርኛ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Tigrinya">Tigrinya</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="lea faka-Tonga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Tongan ">Tongan </other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisa.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html" id="1286">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hepatitis A" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hepatitis+A%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Viral Hepatitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hepatitis.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000278.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-a" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-a">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-a/symptoms-causes/syc-20367007?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Hepatitis-A.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/hepatitis-a.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-a/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hepatitis-a-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007670.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/enfermedades/hepatitis/Hepatitis-A-preguntas-frecuentes.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/vaccination/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hepa-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-a.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_hepatitis_a.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4204.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis virus panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003558.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Diseases in Persons Who Inject Drugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/persons-who-inject-drugs/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protect Yourself against Hepatitis A and B: A Guide for Gay and Bisexual Men" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115-01.pdf">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hepatitis+A%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Hepatitis A" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/hepatitis-a">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Report: United States, 2020" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/index.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El virus hepatitis A (VHA) puede infectar a quienes ingieren agua o alimentos contaminados con materia fecal, o por contacto personal. Más sobre VHA." title="Hepatitis A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hepatitis? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; es una inflamación del hígado. La inflamación es una hinchazón que ocurre cuando los tejidos del cuerpo se lesionan o infectan. Esto puede dañar a su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de su hígado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis A es un tipo de hepatitis viral. Provoca una infección aguda, o de corta duración. En general, esto significa que las personas mejoran sin tratamiento después de algunas semanas. Gracias a una vacuna, la hepatitis A no es muy común en los Estados Unidos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis A es causada por el virus de la hepatitis A. El virus se transmite a través del contacto con las heces de una persona infectada. Esto puede suceder si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consume alimentos elaborados por alguien que tiene el virus y no se lavó las manos bien después de ir al baño &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bebe agua contaminada o come alimentos que se enjuagaron con agua contaminada &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene contacto personal cercano con alguien que tiene hepatitis A. Esto puede ser a través de ciertos tipos de actividad sexual (como sexo oral-anal), cuidar a alguien que está enfermo o usar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt; con otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque cualquier persona puede contraer hepatitis A, usted corre un mayor riesgo si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Viaja a países en desarrollo &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene relaciones sexuales con alguien con hepatitis A &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es un hombre que tiene sexo con hombres &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usa drogas ilegales &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es una persona &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homelessnessandhealth.html"&gt;sin hogar&lt;/a&gt; (falta de vivienda) &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vive con alguien que tiene hepatitis A o está a cargo de su cuidado &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vive con o cuida de un niño adoptado recientemente de un país donde la hepatitis A es común &lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todas las personas con hepatitis A presentan síntomas. Los adultos tienen más probabilidades de tener síntomas que los niños. En general, si tiene síntomas estos comienzan de 2 a 7 semanas después de la infección. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Orina de color amarillo oscuro &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fiebre &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Heces de color gris o arcilla&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida del apetito &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ojos y piel amarillentos, conocido como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;ictericia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas suelen durar menos de 2 meses, aunque algunas personas pueden estar enfermas hasta por 6 meses. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de contraer una infección más grave por hepatitis A si además tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html"&gt;hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En casos raros, la hepatitis A puede provocar insuficiencia hepática. Esto es más común en personas mayores de 50 años y en quienes tienen otra enfermedad del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la hepatitis A, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historial médico, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe un tratamiento específico para la hepatitis A. La mejor manera de recuperarse es descansar, beber muchos líquidos y consumir alimentos saludables. Su proveedor también puede sugerir medicamentos para ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. En casos más graves, es posible que necesite atención en un hospital. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis A? &lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mejor forma de prevenir la hepatitis A es vacunarse contra la hepatitis A. También es importante tener una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;buena higiene&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente lavarse bien las manos después de ir al baño.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686" language="English">Hepatitis A</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html" id="1949">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grupo de pruebas analíticas para los virus de la hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hepatitis-a-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-a/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-a" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-a">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000278.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/hepatitis-a.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Hepatitis-A.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A (hepatitis infecciosa)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/hepatitis/hepatitis_a/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis A en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007670.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la hepatitis A y la hepatitis B:  Una guía para los hombres homosexuales y bisexuales" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115-01.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115.pdf">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la hepatitis A" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_hepatitis_a.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-a.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la Hepatitis A en el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-hepatitis-a/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hepatitis B virus is a contagious liver infection spread from person-to-person via blood or body fluids. Who is at risk for HBV? Read about it here." title="Hepatitis B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687" language="English" date-created="06/12/2002">
<also-called>HBV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;Hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; is inflammation of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis B is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause an acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) infection. People with an acute infection usually get better on their own without treatment. Some people with chronic hepatitis B will need treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thanks to a vaccine, hepatitis B is not very common in the United States. It is more common in certain parts of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus spreads through contact with blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person who has the virus.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get hepatitis B, but the risk is higher in:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infants born to mothers who have hepatitis B&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, and other types of drug equipment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sex partners of people with hepatitis B, especially if they are not using latex or polyurethane condoms during sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Men who have sex with men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who live with someone who has hepatitis B, especially if they use the same razor, toothbrush, or nail clippers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Health care and public-safety workers who are exposed to blood on the job&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;Hemodialysis&lt;/a&gt; patients&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have lived in or traveled often to parts of the world where hepatitis B is common&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Often, people with hepatitis B don't have symptoms. Adults and children over 5 are more likely to have symptoms than younger children.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some people with acute hepatitis B have symptoms 2 to 5 months after infection. These symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark yellow urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gray- or clay-colored stools&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and/or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Yellowish eyes and skin, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;jaundice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have chronic hepatitis B, you may not have symptoms until complications develop. This could be decades after you were infected. For this reason, hepatitis B screening is important, even if you have no symptoms. Screening means that you are tested for a disease even though you don't have symptoms. If you are at high risk, your health care provider may suggest  screening.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can hepatitis B cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, acute hepatitis B can cause liver failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chronic hepatitis B can develop into a serious disease that causes long-term health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt; (scarring of the liver), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;liver cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and liver failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have ever had hepatitis B, the virus may become active again, or reactivated, later in life. This could start to damage the liver and cause symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hepatitis B diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose hepatitis B, your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have acute hepatitis B, you probably don't need treatment. Some people with chronic hepatitis B don't need treatment. But if you have a chronic infection and blood tests show that hepatitis B could be damaging your liver, you may need to take antiviral medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can hepatitis B be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best way to prevent hepatitis B is to get the hepatitis B vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can also reduce your chance of hepatitis B infection by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not sharing drug needles or other drug materials&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing gloves if you have to touch another person's blood or open sores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making sure your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/piercingandtattoos.html"&gt;tattoo artist or body piercer&lt;/a&gt; uses sterile tools&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes, razors, or nail clippers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a latex condom during sex. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think you have been in contact with the hepatitis B virus, see your health care provider right away. Your provider may give you a dose of the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent infection. In some cases, your provider may also give you a medicine called hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). You need to get the vaccine and the HBIG (if needed) as soon as possible after coming into contact with the virus. It is best if you can get them within 24 hours.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271" language="Spanish">Hepatitis B</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006509">Hepatitis B</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hepatitisb.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html" id="1286">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<site title="Adults Living with Hepatitis B" url="https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/adults-with-hepatitis-b/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Hepatitis B Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Approved Drugs for Adults" url="https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/treatment/approved-drugs-for-adults/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Hepatitis B Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hepatitis B" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hepatitis+B%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Viral Hepatitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hepatitis.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gianotti-Crosti syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001446.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-b" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-b">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000279.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-b/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hepatitis-b-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007671.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/enfermedades/hepatitis/HepatitisBpreguntasfrecuentes.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B Prevention and Control" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/prevention/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hepatitis-b.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-b.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B: Patient's Guide" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hbv/patient/index.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis D" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-d">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis D (Delta agent)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000216.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis virus panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003558.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Hepatitis B" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatitis-b" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-hepatitis-b">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Coinfection" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/hepatitis-b-and-c/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Diseases in Persons Who Inject Drugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/persons-who-inject-drugs/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know HBV: What Every Asian and Pacific Islander Should Know About Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer" url="https://med.stanford.edu/content/dam/sm/liver/documents/resources/brochures/KnowHBV-English-2018.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Asian Liver Center at Stanford University</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing hepatitis B or C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention Tips for Hepatitis B" url="https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/prevention-tips/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Hepatitis B Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Yourself against Hepatitis A and B: A Guide for Gay and Bisexual Men" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115-01.pdf">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hepatitis+B%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Hepatitis B" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/hepatitis-b">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Hepatitis B" url="https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Hepatitis B Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Report: United States, 2020" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/index.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hepatitis B es una infección contagiosa del hígado. Se transmite a través de la sangre o por fluidos corporales. ¿Quién está en riesgo? Entérese aquí." title="Hepatitis B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hepatitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; es una inflamación del hígado. La inflamación es una hinchazón que ocurre cuando los tejidos del cuerpo se lesionan o infectan. Esto puede dañar su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de su hígado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis B es un tipo de hepatitis viral. Puede causar una infección aguda (a corto plazo) o crónica (a largo plazo). En general, las personas con una infección aguda mejoran por sí solas sin tratamiento. Algunas personas con hepatitis B crónica necesitan tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gracias a una vacuna, la hepatitis B no es muy común en los Estados Unidos. Es más común en ciertas partes del mundo, como el África subsahariana y partes de Asia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis B es causada por el virus de la hepatitis B. El virus se transmite a través del contacto con sangre, semen u otros fluidos corporales de una persona que tiene el virus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera puede contraer hepatitis B, pero el riesgo es mayor para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bebés nacidos de madres con hepatitis B&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que se inyectan drogas o comparten agujas, jeringas y otros tipos de dispositivos para drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Compañeros sexuales de personas con hepatitis B, especialmente si no usan condones de látex o poliuretano durante las relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que viven con alguien que tiene hepatitis B, especialmente si usan la misma máquina de afeitar, cepillo de dientes o cortaúñas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trabajadores de la salud y seguridad pública que están expuestos a sangre en su labor&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pacientes en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;hemodiálisis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que han vivido o viajado con frecuencia a partes del mundo donde la hepatitis B es común&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, las personas con hepatitis B no presentan síntomas. Los adultos y los niños mayores de 5 años tienen más probabilidades de presentar síntomas que los niños más pequeños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con hepatitis B aguda presentan síntomas de 2 a 5 meses después de la infección. Estos síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Orina de color amarillo oscuro &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fiebre &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Heces de color gris o arcilla&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida del apetito &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ojos y piel amarillentos, conocido como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;ictericia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene hepatitis B crónica, es posible que no tenga síntomas hasta que se desarrollen complicaciones. Esto podría suceder décadas después de la infección. Por ello, la detección de la hepatitis B es importante, incluso si no tiene síntomas. Para ello, se realiza una prueba de detección de una enfermedad, aunque no tenga síntomas. Si tiene un alto riesgo, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que se haga un examen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En casos raros, la hepatitis B aguda puede causar insuficiencia hepática.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis B crónica puede convertirse en una enfermedad grave que causa problemas de salud a largo plazo, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis &lt;/a&gt; (cicatrización del hígado), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;cáncer de hígado&lt;/a&gt; e insuficiencia hepática.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si alguna vez ha tenido hepatitis B, el virus puede volver a activarse o reactivarse más adelante en la vida. Esto podría comenzar a dañar el hígado y causar síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la hepatitis B, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historial médico, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene hepatitis B aguda, es probable que no necesite tratamiento. Algunas personas con hepatitis B crónica no necesitan tratamiento. Pero si tiene una infección crónica y los análisis de sangre muestran que la hepatitis B podría estar dañando su hígado, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos antivirales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis B?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de prevenir la hepatitis B es vacunarse contra la hepatitis B.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede reducir su probabilidad de infección por hepatitis B al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No compartir agujas u otros dispositivos para las drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar guantes si tiene que tocar la sangre de otra persona o abrir llagas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asegurarse de que su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/piercingandtattoos.html"&gt;tatuador o perforador&lt;/a&gt; use herramientas esterilizadas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;No compartir artículos personales, como cepillos de dientes, máquinas de afeitar o cortaúñas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Usar un condón de látex durante las relaciones sexuales. Si su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede ayudar usar un condón de poliuretano &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si cree que ha estado en contacto con el virus de la hepatitis B, consulte a su profesional de la salud de inmediato. Su proveedor puede administrarle una dosis de la vacuna contra la hepatitis B para prevenir una infección. En algunos casos, su proveedor también puede darle un medicamento llamado inmunoglobulina contra la hepatitis B (IGHB). Debe recibir la vacuna y la HBIG (si es necesario) lo antes posible después de estar en contacto con el virus. Es mejor si puede obtenerlos dentro de las 24 horas siguientes.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687" language="English">Hepatitis B</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html" id="1949">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<site title="Agente delta (hepatitis D)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000216.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo vivir con la hepatitis B" url="https://www.hepb.org/languages/spanish/living-with-hepatitis-b/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Hepatitis B</organization>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y la hepatitis B" url="https://www.hepb.org/languages/spanish/pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Hepatitis B</organization>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Grupo de pruebas analíticas para los virus de la hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hepatitis-b-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-b/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-b" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-b">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000279.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007671.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por el VIH y la hepatitis B" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-hepatitis-b" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatitis-b">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la hepatitis B o C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la hepatitis A y la hepatitis B:  Una guía para los hombres homosexuales y bisexuales" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115-01.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115.pdf">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Gianotti-Crosti" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001446.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la hepatitis B" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_hepatitis_b.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hepatitis C (HCV) is virus that causes liver inflammation. It usually spreads through contact with blood from someone who has HCV. It can be acute or chronic." title="Hepatitis C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html" id="1286" language="English" date-created="04/20/2000">
<also-called>HCV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;Hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; is inflammation of the liver. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. Inflammation can damage organs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of hepatitis. One type, hepatitis C, is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis C can be acute or chronic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute hepatitis C&lt;/strong&gt; is a short-term infection. The symptoms can last up to 6 months. Sometimes your body is able to fight off the infection and the virus goes away. But for most people, an acute infection leads to chronic infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic hepatitis C&lt;/strong&gt; is a long-lasting infection. If it is not treated, it can last for a lifetime and cause serious health problems, including liver damage, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt; (scarring of the liver), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;liver cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and even death.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hepatitis C spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hepatitis C spreads through contact with the blood of someone who has HCV. This contact may be through:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sharing drug needles or other drug materials with someone who has HCV. In the United States, this is the most common way that people get hepatitis C.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting an accidental stick with a needle that was used on someone who has HCV. This can happen in health care settings.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being tattooed or pierced with tools or inks that were not sterilized after being used on someone who has HCV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having contact with the blood or open sores of someone who has HCV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sharing personal care items that may have come in contact with another person's blood, such as razors or toothbrushes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being born to a mother with HCV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having unprotected sex with someone who has HCV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before 1992, hepatitis C was also commonly spread through blood transfusions and organ transplants. Since then, there has been routine testing of the U.S. blood supply for HCV. It is now very rare for someone to get HCV this way.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are more likely to get hepatitis C if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have injected drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood transfusion&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt; before July 1992&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html"&gt;hemophilia&lt;/a&gt; and received clotting factor before 1987&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have been on kidney &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have been in contact with blood or infected needles at work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/piercingandtattoos.html"&gt;tattoos or body piercings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have worked or lived in a prison&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Were born to a mother with hepatitis C&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had more than one sex partner in the last 6 months&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a man who has had sex with men (MSM)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are at high risk for hepatitis C, your health care provider will likely recommend that you get tested for it.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with hepatitis C have no symptoms. Some people with acute hepatitis C do have symptoms within 1 to 3 months after they are exposed to the virus. These symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark yellow urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gray- or clay-colored stools&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and/or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Pain in your abdomen&lt;/a&gt; (belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;Jaundice&lt;/a&gt; (yellowish eyes and skin)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have chronic hepatitis C, you probably will not have symptoms until it causes complications. This can happen decades after you were infected. For this reason, hepatitis C screening is important, even if you have no symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can hepatitis C cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Without treatment, hepatitis C may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C can prevent these complications.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How is hepatitis C diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Providers diagnose hepatitis C based on your medical history, a physical exam, and blood tests.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you do have hepatitis C, you may need additional tests to check for liver damage. These tests may include other blood tests, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; of the liver, and a liver &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for hepatitis C is with antiviral medicines. They can cure the disease in most cases.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you have acute hepatitis C, your provider may wait to see if your infection becomes chronic before starting treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If your hepatitis C causes cirrhosis, you should see a doctor who specializes in liver diseases. Treatments for health problems related to cirrhosis include medicines, surgery, and other medical procedures. If your hepatitis C leads to liver failure or liver cancer, you may need a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html"&gt;liver transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Can hepatitis C be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. But you can help protect yourself from hepatitis C infection by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not sharing drug needles or other drug materials.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing gloves if you have to touch another person's blood or open sores.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making sure your tattoo artist or body piercer uses sterile tools and unopened ink.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not sharing personal items such toothbrushes, razors, or nail clippers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a latex condom during sex. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950" language="Spanish">Hepatitis C</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006526">Hepatitis C</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html" id="310">Liver Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" id="311">Liver Transplantation</related-topic>
<site title="5 Things You Should Know about Dietary Supplements for Hepatitis C" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-you-should-know-about-dietary-supplements-for-hepatitis-c">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Alcohol and the Liver" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/alcohol/patient/single-page.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hepatitis C" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hepatitis+C%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Integrated Medicine for Hepatitis C" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hcv/patient/alternative-therapies/index.asp">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="FastStats: Viral Hepatitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hepatitis.htm">
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<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="HCV and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hcv-and-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-virus-de-la-hepatitis-c-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hepatitis.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000284.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-c/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hepatitis-c-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-c" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-c">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007672.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007672.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C and Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/hepatitis-c-and-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C and Dietary Supplements: What the Science Says" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/hepatitis-c-and-dietary-supplements-science">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C Prevention and Control" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: Mental Health" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hcv/patient/mental/index.asp">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: Questions to Ask Your Provider about Treatment" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hcv/patient/questions-to-ask-doctor-treatment.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: Questions to Ask Your Provider about Your Diagnosis" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hcv/patient/questions-to-ask-doctor-diagnosis.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: Sex and Sexuality" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hcv/patient/sex/index.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: Treatment" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hcv/patient/treat/index.asp">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: What Happens in End-Stage Liver Disease?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-c/expert-answers/hepatitis-c/FAQ-20058533?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-c/expert-answers/hepatitis-c/faq-20058533?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Hepatitis-C.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/hepatitis-c.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: What to Expect When Getting Tested" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HCV/PDFs/HepCGettingTested.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/pdfs/HepCGettingTested_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis virus panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003558.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Coinfection" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/hepatitis-b-and-c/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Hepatitis C" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatitis-c" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-hepatitis-c">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Diseases in Persons Who Inject Drugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/persons-who-inject-drugs/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing hepatitis B or C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hepatitis+C%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Testing for Hepatitis C" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/testing/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Lessen Common Side Effects of HCV Therapy" url="https://s3.gi.org/patients/pdfs/HCVPatientBrochureTipstoLessenSideEffects.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Hepatitis C" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/hepatitis-c">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations for Adults with Chronic Liver Disease or Infection" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4042.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4042-spa.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Report: United States, 2020" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/index.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hepatitis C (VHC) es un virus que causa inflamación del hígado. Generalmente se transmite a través del contacto con la sangre de alguien que tiene el VHC. Puede ser aguda o crónica." title="Hepatitis C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; es la inflamación del hígado. Inflamación es la hinchazón de órganos que ocurren cuando los órganos se lesionan o infectan. La inflamación puede dañar los órganos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de hepatitis. Un tipo, la hepatitis C, es causado por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC). La hepatitis C puede variar desde una enfermedad leve que dura unas pocas semanas hasta una grave de por vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis C puede ser aguda o crónica:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;hepatitis C aguda&lt;/strong&gt; es una infección de corta duración. Los síntomas pueden durar hasta 6 meses. A veces, su cuerpo es capaz de combatir la infección y el virus desaparece. Pero para la mayoría de las personas, una infección aguda conduce a una infección crónica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;hepatitis C crónica&lt;/strong&gt; es una infección de larga duración. Si no se trata, puede durar toda la vida y causar graves problemas de salud, como daño al hígado, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt;   (cicatrización del hígado), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;cáncer de hígado&lt;/a&gt; e incluso la muerte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propaga la hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis C se propaga a través del contacto con la sangre de alguien que tiene el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC). Este contacto puede ser a través de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Compartir agujas u otros materiales de drogas con alguien que tiene VHC. En los Estados Unidos, esta es la forma más común de propagación de la hepatitis C&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sufrir un pinchazo accidental con una aguja que se usó en alguien que tiene VHC. Esto puede suceder en entornos de atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ser tatuado o perforado con herramientas o tintas que no fueron esterilizadas después de haber sido utilizadas en alguien que tiene el VHC&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tener contacto con la sangre o heridas abiertas de alguien que tiene VHC&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Compartir artículos de cuidado personal que puedan haber estado en contacto con la sangre de otra persona, como máquinas de afeitar o cepillos de dientes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nacer de una madre con VHC&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener relaciones sexuales sin protección con alguien que tiene VHC&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién es más propenso a contraer hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que tenga hepatitis C si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se ha inyectado drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tuvo una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusión de sangre&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órganos&lt;/a&gt; antes de julio de 1992&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html"&gt;hemofilia&lt;/a&gt; y recibió factor de coagulación antes de 1987&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se ha sometido a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; renal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha estado en contacto con sangre o con agujas infectadas en el trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/piercingandtattoos.html"&gt;tatuajes o perforaciones&lt;/a&gt; en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha trabajado o vivido en una prisión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nació de una madre con hepatitis C&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido más de una pareja sexual en los últimos 6 meses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha tenido una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es un hombre que ha tenido sexo con hombres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un alto riesgo de contraer hepatitis C, es probable que su profesional de la salud le recomiende hacerse la prueba.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con hepatitis C no tienen síntomas. Algunas personas con hepatitis C aguda tienen síntomas entre 1 y 3 meses después de haber estado expuestos al virus. Estos síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Orina de color amarillo oscuro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces grises o color de arcilla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y / o vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;Ictericia&lt;/a&gt; (ojos y piel amarillentos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene hepatitis C crónica, es probable que no tenga síntomas hasta que cause complicaciones. Esto puede suceder décadas después de su infección. Por esta razón, hacerse la prueba de detección de la hepatitis C es importante, incluso si no tiene síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin tratamiento, la hepatitis C puede provocar cirrosis, insuficiencia hepática y cáncer de hígado. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento de la hepatitis C pueden prevenirlas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud diagnostican la hepatitis C según su historia clínica, un examen físico y análisis de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene hepatitis C, es posible que necesite pruebas adicionales para ver si tiene daño hepático. Estas pruebas pueden incluir otros análisis de sangre, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt; del hígado y una biopsia de hígado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hepatitis C se trata con medicamentos antivirales, los que pueden curar la enfermedad en la mayoría de los casos.
Si tiene hepatitis C aguda, su profesional de la salud puede esperar a ver si su infección se vuelve crónica antes de comenzar el tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su hepatitis C causa cirrosis, debe consultar a un médico especializado en enfermedades hepáticas. Los tratamientos para problemas de salud relacionados con la cirrosis incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y otros procedimientos médicos. Si su hepatitis C provoca insuficiencia hepática o cáncer de hígado, es posible que necesite un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de hígado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis C?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una vacuna para la hepatitis C. Pero puede ayudar a prevenir la infección de hepatitis C si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No comparte agujas ni otros materiales de drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usa guantes si tiene que tocar la sangre de otra persona o heridas abiertas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se asegura que su tatuador o perforador del cuerpo use herramientas estériles y tinta nueva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No comparte artículos personales como cepillos de dientes, maquinillas de afeitar o cortaúñas &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usa un condón de látex cuando tiene relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html" id="1286" language="English">Hepatitis C</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009">Enfermedades del hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html" id="1949">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" id="2010">Trasplante de hígado</related-topic>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/biopsia-higado" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/liver-biopsy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia del hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003895.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grupo de pruebas analíticas para los virus de la hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hepatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hepatitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HCV/PDFs/HepCGeneralFactSheet_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hepatitis-c-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-c/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000284.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/hepatitis-viral/hepatitis-c" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis/hepatitis-c">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hepatitis-c.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007672.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007672.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: qué deben saber los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/hepatitis-c.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Hepatitis-C.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis C: ¿Qué sucede en la enfermedad hepática terminal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-c/expert-answers/hepatitis-c/faq-20058533?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-c/expert-answers/hepatitis-c/FAQ-20058533?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por el VIH y la hepatitis C" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-hepatitis-c" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatitis-c">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la hepatitis B o C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000401.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de la hepatitis C: preguntas para el doctor" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/charlas-doctor/prueba-deteccion-hepatitis-c-preguntas-doctor">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hepatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para adultos con enfermedad o infección hepática crónica" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4042-spa.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4042.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Virus de la hepatitis C y las enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-virus-de-la-hepatitis-c-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hcv-and-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Herbal medicines are one type of dietary supplement. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas, extracts, and plants. Learn more." title="Herbal Medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html" id="1246" language="English" date-created="04/26/2000">
<also-called>Botanicals</also-called>
<also-called>Phytotherapy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An herb is a plant or plant part used for its scent, flavor, or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicines are one type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;dietary supplement&lt;/a&gt;. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas, extracts, and fresh or dried plants. People use herbal medicines to try to maintain or improve their health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people believe that products labeled "natural" are always safe and good for them. This is not necessarily true. Herbal medicines do not have to go through the testing that drugs do. Some herbs, such as comfrey and ephedra, can cause serious harm. Some herbs can interact with prescription or over-the-counter medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are thinking about using an herbal medicine, first get information on it from reliable sources. Make sure to tell your health care provider about any herbal medicines you are taking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Complementary and Alternative Therapies</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951" language="Spanish">Medicina herbaria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008517">Phytotherapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nccih.nih.gov/">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3192">Cancer Alternative Therapies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132">Complementary and Integrative Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html" id="3538">Dietary Supplements</related-topic>
<see-reference>Botanicals</see-reference>
<see-reference>Medicinal Herbs</see-reference>
<see-reference>Phytotherapy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Teas, Herbal </see-reference>
<see-reference>Teas, Medicinal</see-reference>
<site title="A guide to herbal remedies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000868.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Herbs, Botanicals &amp; Other Products" url="https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/symptom-management/integrative-medicine/herbs">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acai" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/acai">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alerts and Advisories" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/news/alerts">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aloe Vera" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asian Ginseng" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/asian-ginseng">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Astragalus" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/astragalus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bilberry" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/bilberry">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bitter Orange" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/bitter-orange">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Black Cohosh" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/black-cohosh">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Botanical Dietary Supplements: Background Information" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/BotanicalBackground-Consumer/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Butterbur" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/butterbur">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cat's Claw" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cats-claw">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chamomile" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chasteberry" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chasteberry">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cinnamon" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cinnamon">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Herbal Medicine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=herbal+medicine&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cranberry" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cranberry">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dandelion" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/dandelion">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary and Herbal Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/dietary-and-herbal-supplements">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)" url="https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Echinacea" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/echinacea">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Echinacea: What Should I Know about It?" url="https://familydoctor.org/echinacea-what-should-i-know-about-it/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/equinacea-que-debo-saber-sobre-esto/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elderberry" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/elderberry">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ephedra" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ephedra">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="European Mistletoe" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/european-mistletoe">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evening Primrose Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/evening-primrose-oil">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fenugreek" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/fenugreek">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feverfew" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/feverfew">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed-and-flaxseed-oil">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Garlic" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/garlic">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ginger" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginger">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ginkgo" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginkgo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Goldenseal" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/goldenseal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Grape Seed Extract" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/grape-seed-extract">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Green Tea" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/green-tea">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hawthorn" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/hawthorn">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herbal Health Products and Supplements" url="https://familydoctor.org/herbal-health-products-and-supplements/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/productos-de-hierbas-y-suplementos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herbal Medicine" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/herbal-medicine">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herbal Supplements and Heart Medicines May Not Mix" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herbs at a Glance" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hoodia" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/hoodia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Horse Chestnut" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/horse-chestnut">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kava" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/kava">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lavender" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/lavender">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Licorice Root" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/licorice-root">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Herbs and Supplements" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/herb_All.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/herb_All.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/menopausal-symptoms-in-depth">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Milk Thistle" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/milk-thistle">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mugwort" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/mugwort">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Natural Doesn't Necessarily Mean Safer, or Better" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/natural-doesnt-mean-better">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Noni" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/noni">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Passionflower" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peppermint Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/peppermint-oil">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herbal medicine" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Phytotherapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Red Clover" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/red-clover">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Red Yeast Rice" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/red-yeast-rice">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sage" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sage">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Saw Palmetto" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/saw-palmetto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Soy" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/soy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="St. John's Wort" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/st-johns-wort">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="St. John's Wort and Depression" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/st-johns-wort-and-depression-in-depth">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tea Tree Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tea-tree-oil">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thunder God Vine" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/thunder-god-vine">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Turmeric" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/turmeric">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Valerian" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/valerian">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Chia Seeds?" url="https://www.eatright.org/food/food-groups/fats/what-are-chia-seeds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yohimbe" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yohimbe">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los cortes, arañazos, contusiones y laceraciones son tipos de lesiones de la piel. Conozca los primeros auxilios para tratar estos accidentes." title="Heridas y lesiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html" id="3859" language="Spanish" date-created="07/31/2006">
<also-called>Lesiones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una lesión es un daño que ocurre en el cuerpo. Es un término general que se refiere al daño causado por accidentes, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt;, golpes, quemaduras, armas y otras causas. En los Estados Unidos, todos los años millones de personas sufren de lesiones. Estas lesiones pueden ser menores o severas y poner en peligro la vida. Pueden ocurrir en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html"&gt;trabajo&lt;/a&gt; o en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;juego&lt;/a&gt;, en espacios interiores o exteriores, al conducir un vehículo o al caminar por la calle. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Las heridas son lesiones que rompen la piel u otros tejidos del cuerpo. Incluyen cortaduras, arañazos y picaduras en la piel. Suelen ocurrir como resultado de un accidente pero las incisiones quirúrgicas, las suturas y los puntos también causan heridas. Las heridas menores no suelen ser serias, pero es importante limpiarlas bien.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las heridas serias e infectadas necesitan atención médica de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html"&gt;primeros auxilios&lt;/a&gt; y visitas al doctor más adelante. Debe buscar atención médica si la herida es profunda, si no puede cerrarse por sí sola, si no puede detener la hemorragia o limpiarla o si no se cura. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html"&gt;Mordeduras de animales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;Moretones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;Quemaduras&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;   &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electricalinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones por electricidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	 
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;	

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html" id="3858" language="English">Wounds and Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html" id="3196">Cicatriz</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html" id="2180">Cirugía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html" id="2250">Moretones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cortes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Laceraciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lastimaduras</see-reference>
<site title="Apósito líquido para laceraciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración peritoneal de diagnóstico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100159_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100159_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios de apósito húmedo a seco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000315.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros para el cuidado de heridas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cicatrices y heridas" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/cicatrices-y-heridas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/scars-and-wounds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cierre o exploración del esternón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007626.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortaduras y heridas penetrantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000043.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortes y rasguños: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/art-20056711?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/ART-20056711?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de heridas" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17047/cuidado-de-heridas/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de heridas quirúrgicas abiertas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de heridas quirúrgicas cerradas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la incisión después de la cirugía" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-de-las-incisiones/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-your-incision-after-surgery/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de las heridas: Prevención de infecciones" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/easyread/fact_sheets/woundcare-ez.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/wound-care-preventing-infection/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de suturas o grapas en el hogar en caso de laceración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000498.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con los colgajos e injertos de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000743.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales en caso de mordeduras humanas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000736.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de la secreción de una herida" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/wound-culture.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wound-culture.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curación y cuidado de las heridas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/wounds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/wounds.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curar una herida" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/curar-una-herida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/heal-wound">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar los cortes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bleeding.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo sanan las heridas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000741.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje de succión cerrado con pera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia interna" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/primeros-auxilios/hemorragia-interna" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/internal-bleeding">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Heridas por punción" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heridas punzantes: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/art-20056665?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/ART-20056665?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="Infecciones de heridas quirúrgicas: Tratamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007645.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007645.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión eléctrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000053.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión genital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000044.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión por aplastamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000024.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga las lesiones después de un desastre" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/injury/facts.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios de heridas después de un desastre natural" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/hurricanes/pdf/woundcare.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000045.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado intenso: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/ART-20056661?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento posoperatorio para heridas por arma de fuego" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tubo de drenaje Hemovac" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Técnica estéril" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000119.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una costra?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/scab.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/scab.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué necesito en mi botiquín de primeros auxilios?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-necesito-en-mi-botiquin-de-primeros-auxilios/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-do-i-need-in-my-first-aid-kit/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hernias can happen to anyone. They're caused by a combination of muscle weakness and strain. Learn about several types and therapies available." title="Hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hernia.html" id="283" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<also-called>Enterocele</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A hernia happens when part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle. Most hernias are in the abdomen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several types of hernias, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Inguinal, in the groin. This is the the most common type.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Umbilical, around the belly button&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Incisional, through a scar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiatalhernia.html"&gt;Hiatal&lt;/a&gt;, a small opening in the diaphragm that allows the upper part of the stomach to move up into the chest.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Congenital diaphragmatic, a birth defect that needs surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hernias are common. They can affect men, women, and children.  A combination of muscle weakness and straining, such as with heavy lifting, might contribute. Some people are born with weak abdominal muscles and may be more likely to get a hernia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment is usually surgery to repair the opening in the muscle wall. Untreated hernias can cause pain and health problems.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hernia.html" id="1952" language="Spanish">Hernia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006547">Hernia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hernia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512">GERD</related-topic>
<see-reference>Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Diaphragmatic Hernia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enterocele</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inguinal Hernia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Umbilical Hernia</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal wall defect: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/abdominal-wall-defect">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Battling a Bulging Hernia: Don't Ignore Your Groin Pain" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/battling-bulging-hernia" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/luchando-contra-una-hernia-abultada">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hernia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Hernia+NOT+disc&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hernia, Diaphragmatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hernia,+Diaphragmatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hernia, Inguinal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hernia,+Inguinal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hernia, Umbilical" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hernia,+Umbilical%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002936.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002936.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-diaphragmatic-hernia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diaphragmatic hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001135.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diaphragmatic hernia repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100014_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100014_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epigastric Hernias" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/epigastric-hernias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/epigastric-hernias.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Femoral hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001136.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001136.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Femoral hernia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007399.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a SAGES Surgeon" url="https://www.sages.org/public-search/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroschisis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/gastroschisis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/gastrosquisis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroschisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000992.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000992.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroschisis repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002924.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroschisis repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100023_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100023_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000960.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000960.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernias" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hernias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hernias.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inguinal Hernia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/inguinal-hernia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/hernia-inguinal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inguinal Hernia in Infants and Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Inguinal-Hernia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/inguinal-hernia.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inguinal hernia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007406.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inguinal hernia repair - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000274.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inguinal hernia repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100027_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100027_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/inguinal-hernia-repair-surgery-patient-information-from-sages/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/reparacion-laparoscopica-de-hernia-inguinal-informacion-para-el-paciente-de-parte-de-su-medico-y-de-sages/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lump in the abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003277.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003277.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000994.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000994.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/omphalocele.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/onfalocele.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002938.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omphalocele repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100033_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100033_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hernia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sports Hernia (Athletic Pubalgia)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/sports-hernia-athletic-pubalgia/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Mesh Used for Hernia Repair" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/implants-and-prosthetics/surgical-mesh-used-hernia-repair">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating and Preventing Sports Hernias" url="https://doctorsthatdo.osteopathic.org/treating-and-preventing-sports-hernias">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Gastroschisis (Gastroschisis Silo)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gastroschisis_silo.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Indirect Inguinal Hernia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/inguinal-hernia-animation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/inguinal-hernia-animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Umbilical hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000987.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000987.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Umbilical hernia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002935.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Umbilical hernia repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100105_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100105_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Umbilical Hernias" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/umbilical-hernias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/umbilical-hernias.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventral hernia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007661.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventral Hernia Repair Surgery" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-ventral-hernia-repair-from-sages/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cualquier persona puede desarrollar una hernia.  Las hernias son causadas por una combinación de debilidad muscular y tensión. Más sobre tratamientos." title="Hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hernia.html" id="1952" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las hernias se presentan cuando una parte de un órgano interno o tejido sobresale a través de un área muscular débil. La mayoría de las hernias ocurren en el abdomen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tipos de hernias, entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inguinal, en la ingle. Es la más común &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Umbilical, alrededor del ombligo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Incisional, a través de una cicatriz &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html"&gt;Hiatal&lt;/a&gt;, una pequeña abertura en el diafragma que permite que la parte superior del estómago se desplace hacia el pecho &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diafragmática congénita, un defecto de nacimiento que necesita cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las hernias son comunes. Pueden afectar a hombres, mujeres y niños. La combinación de debilidad y esfuerzo, como  levantar cosas pesadas, puede contribuir a su aparición. Algunas personas nacen con músculos abdominales débiles y tienen más probabilidades de herniarse.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento consiste habitualmente en cirugía para reparar la apertura en la pared muscular. Las hernias no tratadas pueden causar dolor y problemas de salud. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hernia.html" id="283" language="English">Hernia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916">Reflujo gastroesofágico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hernia inguinal</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras hernia inguinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000274.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrosquisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000992.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000992.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrosquisis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/gastrosquisis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/gastroschisis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000960.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000960.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia de la pared abdominal" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/urgencias-gastrointestinales/hernias-de-la-pared-abdominal">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia diafragmática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001135.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia femoral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001136.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001136.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia inguinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/hernia-inguinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/inguinal-hernia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hernia inguinal en bebés y niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/inguinal-hernia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Inguinal-Hernia.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia inguinal: Tratamiento y diagnóstico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/inguinal-hernia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351553?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia umbilical" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/umbilical-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/umbilical-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378685?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000987.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000987.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hernias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hernias.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernias epigástricas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/epigastric-hernias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/epigastric-hernias.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernias umbilicales (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/umbilical-hernias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/umbilical-hernias.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luchando contra una hernia abultada: No ignore su dolor en la ingle" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/luchando-contra-una-hernia-abultada" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/battling-bulging-hernia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Onfalocele" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/onfalocele.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/omphalocele.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Onfalocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000994.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000994.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancia en el abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003277.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003277.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de gastrosquisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002924.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hernia diafragmática congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002936.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002936.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hernia femoral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007399.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hernia inguinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007406.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de hernia umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002935.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de onfalocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002938.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de una hernia ventral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007661.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación laparoscópica de hernia inguinal" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/reparacion-laparoscopica-de-hernia-inguinal-informacion-para-el-paciente-de-parte-de-su-medico-y-de-sages/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/inguinal-hernia-repair-surgery-patient-information-from-sages/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de la gastrosquisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100023_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100023_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de onfalocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100033_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100033_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una hernia diafragmática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100014_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100014_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una hernia inguinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100027_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100027_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una hernia umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100105_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100105_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de una hernia inguinal indirecta (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/inguinal-hernia-animation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/inguinal-hernia-animation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un disco herniado significa que uno de los discos entre las vértebras de la columna se rompe y puede causar dolor. Entérese sobre los tratamientos aquí." title="Hernia de disco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html" id="2153" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Hernia discal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La columna vertebral está formada por 26 huesos llamados vértebras. Entre éstas, hay discos blandos rellenos de una sustancia gelatinosa. Estos discos amortiguan (actúan como un cojín) a las vértebras y las mantienen en su lugar. A medida que envejecemos, estos discos pueden perder su capacidad de amortiguación. Esto puede causar dolor si se hace presión sobre la espalda. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una hernia de disco es un disco que se rompe. Cuando esto sucede, la sustancia gelatinosa se escapa e irrita los nervios de alrededor. Esto puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sciatica.html"&gt;ciática&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;dolor de espalda&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Su doctor puede diagnosticar un disco herniado con un examen físico y, a veces, con diagnósticos por imagen. Con tratamiento, la mayoría de las personas se recupera.  Los tratamientos incluyen reposo, analgésicos y antiinflamatorios, fisioterapia y, algunas veces, cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html" id="284" language="English">Herniated Disk</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766">Dolor de espalda</related-topic>
<see-reference>Disco dislocado</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de la columna vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrodesis vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100119_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100119_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la columna cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100133_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100133_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007250.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discograma (Discografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/discography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/discography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia de disco" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hernia-de-disco-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/herniated-disc/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia del núcleo pulposo (disco luxado)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000069.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hernia discal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000442.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injerto de hueso de la columna vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100136_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100136_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones epidurales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones vertebrales" url="https://www.spine.org/Portals/0/assets/downloads/KnowYourBack/InjectionsSpanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Microdiscectoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100224_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100224_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiculopatía cervical (nervio pinzado)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/radiculopatia-cervical-nervio-pinzado-cervical-radiculopathy" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/cervical-radiculopathy-pinched-nerve/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de disco en la columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007745.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la cola de caballo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal/s%C3%ADndrome-de-la-cola-de-caballo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007350.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003787.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hernia de hiato ocurre cuando la parte superior del estómago empuja a través del diafragma hacia la zona del pecho. Lea sobre los síntomas aquí." title="Hernia de hiato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html" id="4371" language="Spanish" date-created="12/22/2006">
<also-called>Hernia hiatal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La hernia de hiato es una afección en la cual la parte superior del estómago se abulta a través de una abertura en el diafragma. El diafragma un músculo delgado que separa el estómago del tórax y ayuda a impedir que el ácido pase hacia el esófago. Cuando usted tiene una hernia hiatal, es más fácil que el ácido suba. El paso del ácido desde el estómago hacia el esófago se denomina reflujo gastroesofágico. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; puede causar síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;Acidez &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html"&gt;Mal aliento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y/o vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño en los dientes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, se desconoce la causa de la hernia de hiato. Puede ser por la debilidad de los músculos que la rodean. A veces, la causa es una lesión o un defecto congénito. El riesgo de tener este problema aumenta con la edad y son comunes en mayores de 50 años. También está en mayor riesgo si tiene obesidad o fuma. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas descubren que tienen hernia de hiato tras hacerse pruebas por reflujo gastroesofágico, acidez estomacal, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdominal&lt;/a&gt;. Los exámenes pueden ser una radiografía de pecho, radiografía con contraste de bario o una endoscopía superior.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si no tiene síntomas, no necesita tratamiento. Si los tiene, algunos cambios del estilo de vida pueden ayudar. Estos incluyen comer porciones pequeñas, evitar algunos alimentos, no fumar ni beber alcohol y perder peso. El médico puede recomendarle antiácidos u otras medicinas. Si eso no le ayuda, es posible que necesite una cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiatalhernia.html" id="4370" language="English">Hiatal Hernia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hernia.html" id="1952">Hernia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916">Reflujo gastroesofágico</related-topic>
<site title="Acidez estomacal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/acidez-estomacal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heartburn/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía antirreflujo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002925.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía antirreflujo en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007401.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hernia de hiato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001137.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia de hiato" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373379?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373379?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia de hiato: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373385?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gástrico (RGE y ERGE) en adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/reflujo-gastrico-rge-enfermedad-por-reflujo-gastroesofagico-erge-adultos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de una hernia hiatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100028_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100028_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A herniated or slipped disc means that one of the soft cushions or discs between your vertebrae or spinal bones pushes out. Find out about it here." title="Herniated Disk" url="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html" id="284" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<also-called>Bulging disk</also-called>
<also-called>Compressed disk</also-called>
<also-called>Herniated intervertebral disk</also-called>
<also-called>Herniated nucleus pulposus</also-called>
<also-called>Prolapsed disk</also-called>
<also-called>Ruptured disk</also-called>
<also-called>Slipped disk</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your backbone, or spine, is made up of 26 bones called vertebrae. In between them are soft disks filled with a jelly-like substance. These disks cushion the vertebrae and keep them in place. As you age, the disks break down or degenerate. As they do, they lose their cushioning ability. This can lead to pain if the back is stressed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A herniated disk is a disk that ruptures. This allows the jelly-like center of the disk to leak, irritating the nearby nerves. This can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sciatica.html"&gt;sciatica&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back pain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose a herniated disk with a physical exam and, sometimes, imaging tests. With treatment, most people recover. Treatments include rest, pain and anti-inflammatory medicines, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html" id="2153" language="Spanish">Hernia de disco</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007405">Intervertebral Disc Displacement</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157">Back Pain</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ruptured Disk</see-reference>
<see-reference>Slipped Disk</see-reference>
<site title="Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR)" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Surgical-Options/Artificial-Disc-Replacement">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cauda Equina Syndrome" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/cauda-equina-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Radiculopathy (Pinched Nerve)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/cervical-radiculopathy-pinched-nerve/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/radiculopatia-cervical-nervio-pinzado-cervical-radiculopathy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intervertebral Disc Displacement" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intervertebral+Disk+Displacement%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions A-Z" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Resources/Definitions">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discography (Discogram)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/discography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/discography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disk replacement - lumbar spine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007745.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diskectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007250.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural Injections" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herniated Cervical Disc" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Degenerative-Conditions/Herniated-Cervical-Disc">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herniated Disk" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/herniated-disc/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hernia-de-disco-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herniated disk" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000442.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herniated Disk in the Lower Back" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/herniated-disk-in-the-lower-back/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/hernia-de-disco-en-la-columna-lumbar-herniated-disk-in-the-lower-back/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herniated Lumbar Disc" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Degenerative-Conditions/Herniated-Lumbar-Disc" language-mapped-url="https://www.spine.org/Portals/0/assets/downloads/KnowYourBack/HerniatedLumbarSpanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herniated nucleus pulposus (slipped disk)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000069.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intervertebral disc disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/intervertebral-disc-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic Spine Surgery" url="https://www.sages.org/wiki/laparoscopic-spine-surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar (Open) Microscopic Discectomy" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Surgical-Options/Lumbar-Microscopic-Discectomy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar spinal surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100119_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100119_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar Spine CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007350.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbosacral spine CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003787.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbosacral spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microdiskectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100224_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100224_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herniated Disk" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intervertebral+Disc+Displacement%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiographic Assessment for Back Pain" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Assessment-Tools/Radiographic-Assessment-Back-Pain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal bone graft - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100136_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100136_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Fusion" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Surgical-Options/Spinal-Fusion">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal surgery - cervical - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100133_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100133_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heroin is a highly addictive drug made from morphine. It can be injected, snorted, or smoked. Learn about withdrawal symptoms and addiction treatment." title="Heroin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html" id="285" language="English" date-created="09/23/1999">
<also-called>Big H</also-called>
<also-called>Black tar</also-called>
<also-called>H</also-called>
<also-called>Horse</also-called>
<also-called>Junk</also-called>
<also-called>Smack</also-called>
<also-called>TNT</also-called>
<also-called>Thunder</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is heroin?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heroin is an illegal, very addictive &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioid drug&lt;/a&gt;. It's made from morphine, which comes from the seedpod of opium poppy plants. These plants grow in Southeast and Southwest Asia, Mexico, and Colombia. Heroin can be a white or brown powder, or a black sticky substance known as black tar heroin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do people use heroin?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People inject, sniff, snort, or smoke heroin. Some people mix heroin with crack &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html"&gt;cocaine&lt;/a&gt;, which is called "speedballing." All these ways of taking heroin send it to the brain very quickly, which makes it highly addictive.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the short-term effects of heroin?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People who use heroin report feeling a "rush" (a surge of pleasure). And then they may feel other effects, such as a warm flushing of the skin, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;, and a heavy feeling in the arms and legs. They may also have severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html"&gt;itching&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea, and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;. After these first effects, they will usually be drowsy for several hours, and their breathing will slow down.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the long-term effects of heroin?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People who use heroin over the long term may develop many different health problems. These problems could include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung&lt;/a&gt; disease, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorders&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;abscesses&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who inject the drug also risk getting infectious diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterial infections&lt;/a&gt; of the skin, bloodstream, and heart (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html"&gt;endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;). They can also get collapsed veins. When a vein collapses, the blood cannot flow through it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Repeated use of heroin can lead to tolerance. This means users need more and more of the drug to have the same effect. At higher doses over time, the body becomes dependent on heroin.  If someone who is dependent on heroin stops using it, they have withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;, vomiting, and cold flashes with goose bumps.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Repeated use of heroin often leads to heroin use disorder, sometimes called addiction. This is more than physical dependence. It's a chronic (long-lasting) brain disorder. When someone has it, they continue to use heroin even though it causes problems in their life. Some examples include health problems and not being able to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home. Getting and using heroin becomes their main purpose in life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can a person overdose on heroin?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's possible to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;overdose&lt;/a&gt; on heroin. This happens when a person uses so much heroin that it causes a life-threatening reaction or death. All heroin users are at risk of an overdose because they never know the actual strength of the drug they are taking or what may have been added to it. And people often use heroin along with other drugs or alcohol. This can increase the risk of an overdose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When people overdose on heroin, their heart rate and breathing slow down. Their breathing may slow do so much that not enough oxygen reaches the brain. This condition is called hypoxia. Hypoxia can lead to a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;, permanent brain damage, or death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can a heroin overdose be treated?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A medicine called naloxone can treat a heroin (or other opioid) overdose if it is given in time. It works by blocking the effects of the opioid on the body. Sometimes more than one dose of the medicine is needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two forms of naloxone that anyone can use without medical training: nasal spray and injectable. People at risk of an overdose are encouraged to carry naloxone with them. They can buy naloxone at a pharmacy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for heroin use disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for heroin use disorder include medicines to treat withdrawal symptoms, medicine to block the effects of opioids, and behavioral treatments. Often, a combination of medicine and behavioral treatment works best. People getting treatment for heroin use disorder should work with their health care providers to come up with a treatment plan that fits their needs.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html" id="1953" language="Spanish">Heroína</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006556">Heroin Dependence</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html" id="30">Drug Use and Addiction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Opiates</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heroin Dependence" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Heroin+Dependence%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Methadone" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=methadone&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Use Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroin" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/drugs/heroin">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroin" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/heroin">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heroin overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002861.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroin Photos" url="https://www.dea.gov/galleries/drug-images/heroin">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroin Research Report" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/overview" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/la-heroina/panorama-general">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Does Heroin Use Affect Pregnant Women" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-does-heroin-abuse-affect-pregnant-women" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/la-heroina/como-afecta-las-mujeres-embarazadas-el-consumo-de-heroina">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opiate and opioid withdrawal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000949.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid intoxication" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000948.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000948.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Treatment Program Directory" url="https://dpt2.samhsa.gov/treatment/directory.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroin" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heroin+Dependence%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Teens: The Truth about Heroin" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep18-02.pdf">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Can Be Done for a Heroin Overdose?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-can-be-done-for-heroin-overdose" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/la-heroina/que-puede-hacerse-en-el-caso-de-una-sobredosis-de-heroina">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Heroin?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-heroin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-heroin.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Substance Abuse Treatment? A Booklet for Families" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4126.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma08-4098.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La heroína es una droga altamente adictiva derivada de la morfina. Lea sobre los síntomas del síndrome de abstinencia y tratamiento para la adicción." title="Heroína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html" id="1953" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Dama blanca</also-called>
<also-called>Goma</also-called>
<also-called>Lenguazo</also-called>
<also-called>Pasta</also-called>
<also-called>Polvo blanco</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la heroína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La heroína es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;droga opioide&lt;/a&gt; ilegal y muy adictiva. Está hecha de morfina, que proviene de la vaina de las plantas de adormidera (amapola). Estas plantas crecen en el sudeste y suroeste de Asia, México y Colombia. La heroína puede ser un polvo blanco o marrón, o una sustancia negra y pegajosa conocida como "heroína de alquitrán negro".&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se consume la heroína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La heroína se puede inyectar, inhalar, aspirar o fumar. Algunas personas mezclan heroína con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html"&gt;cocaína&lt;/a&gt; crack, lo que se conoce como "bola rápida" o "speedballing" en inglés. Todas estas formas de consumir heroína la envían al cerebro muy rápidamente, lo que la hace altamente adictiva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos a corto plazo de la heroína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que consumen heroína afirman sentir un "subidón" (una oleada de placer). Luego pueden sentir otros efectos, como enrojecimiento cálido de la piel, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;boca seca&lt;/a&gt; y sensación de pesadez en brazos y piernas. También pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html"&gt;picazón&lt;/a&gt; intensa y  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;. Tras estos primeros efectos, normalmente estarán somnolientos durante varias horas y su respiración se hará más lenta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos a largo plazo de la heroína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que consumen heroína a largo plazo pueden desarrollar muchos problemas de salud diferentes. Estos problemas podrían incluir enfermedades del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;pulmonares&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastornos mentales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html"&gt;abscesos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que se inyectan la droga también corren el riesgo de contraer enfermedades infecciosas como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infecciones bacterianas&lt;/a&gt; de la piel, el torrente sanguíneo y el corazón (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html"&gt;endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;). También pueden tener venas colapsadas. Cuando una vena colapsa, la sangre no puede fluir a través de ella.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El consumo repetido de heroína puede causar tolerancia. Esto significa que el consumidor necesita cada vez más droga para tener el mismo efecto. Con el tiempo y en dosis más altas, el cuerpo se vuelve dependiente de la heroína. Si una persona que depende de la heroína deja de consumirla, tiene síntomas de abstinencia. Estos síntomas pueden incluir agitación, dolor muscular y de huesos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;, vómitos y escalofríos con "piel de gallina".&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, el consumo repetido de heroína provoca trastorno por consumo de heroína (llamado en ocasiones adicción). Esto es más que dependencia física. Es un trastorno cerebral crónico (de larga duración). Cuando una persona la tiene, continúa consumiendo heroína, aunque le cause problemas en su vida. Algunos ejemplos incluyen problemas de salud y no poder cumplir con las responsabilidades en el trabajo, la escuela o el hogar. Conseguir y consumir heroína se convierte en su principal objetivo en la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Puede una persona sufrir una sobredosis de heroína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible sufrir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;sobredosis&lt;/a&gt; de heroína. Esto ocurre cuando una persona consume tanta heroína que provoca una reacción potencialmente mortal o la muerte. Todos los consumidores de heroína corren el riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis porque no conocen la potencia real de la droga que están consumiendo o qué se le puede haber agregado. Además, las personas suelen consumir heroína junto con otras drogas o alcohol. Esto puede aumentar el riesgo de una sobredosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando las personas sufren una sobredosis de heroína, su ritmo cardíaco y su respiración disminuyen. Su respiración puede hacerse tan lenta que no llega suficiente oxígeno al cerebro. Esta afección se conoce como hipoxia. La hipoxia puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;, daño cerebral permanente o la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se puede tratar una sobredosis de heroína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un medicamento llamado naloxona puede tratar una sobredosis de heroína (u otro opioide) si se administra a tiempo. Actúa bloqueando los efectos del opioide en el cuerpo. En ocasiones, se necesita más de una dosis del medicamento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos formas de naloxona que cualquiera puede usar sin formación médica, aerosol nasal e inyectable. Se recomienda a las personas con riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis que lleven consigo naloxona. Pueden comprar naloxona en una farmacia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de heroína?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de heroína incluyen medicamentos para tratar los síntomas de abstinencia, medicamentos para bloquear los efectos de los opioides y tratamientos conductuales. A menudo, una combinación de medicamentos y terapia conductual funciona mejor. Las personas que reciben tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de heroína deben trabajar con sus profesionales de la salud para elaborar un plan de tratamiento que se ajuste a sus necesidades.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html" id="285" language="English">Heroin</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html" id="1869">Consumo de drogas y la adicción</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso de heroína</see-reference>
<see-reference>Opio</see-reference>
<site title="Heroína" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-heroina">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heroína: Lo que los padres necesitan saber" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-heroin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-heroin.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroína: Reporte de investigación" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/la-heroina/panorama-general" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/overview">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por opiáceos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000948.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000948.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opiáceos y abstinencia de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000949.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del uso de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta del cuerpo a los opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/opioides" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/opioids">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de heroína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002861.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de heroína?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/la-heroina/cuales-son-los-tratamientos-para-el-trastorno-por-consumo-de-heroina">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afecta a las mujeres embarazadas el consumo de heroína?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/la-heroina/como-afecta-las-mujeres-embarazadas-el-consumo-de-heroina" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-does-heroin-abuse-affect-pregnant-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué puede hacerse en el caso de una sobredosis de heroína?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/la-heroina/que-puede-hacerse-en-el-caso-de-una-sobredosis-de-heroina" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-can-be-done-for-heroin-overdose">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El herpes genital es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual causada por el virus del herpes simple. Entérese sobre síntomas, prevención y tratamientos aquí." title="Herpes genital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html" id="5864" language="Spanish" date-created="08/18/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El herpes genital es una &lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt; causada por el virus del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simple&lt;/a&gt;. Puede causar llagas en el área genital o rectal, nalgas y muslos. Puede contagiarse al tener relaciones sexuales vaginales, anales u orales con alguien que lo tenga. El virus puede contagiarse aún cuando las llagas no están presentes. Las madres pueden infectar a sus bebés durante el parto. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A los síntomas se les llaman comúnmente brotes. En general, las llagas aparecen usualmente cerca del área donde el virus ingresó al cuerpo. Las llagas son ampollas que se rompen y se vuelven dolorosas, para luego sanar. A veces, las personas no saben que tienen herpes porque no presentan síntomas o éstos son muy leves. El virus puede ser más grave en recién nacidos o en personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La repetición de los brotes es común, en especial durante el primer año. Con el tiempo los síntomas aparecen con menor frecuencia y son más leves. El virus permanece en su cuerpo para siempre.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen exámenes que pueden diagnosticar el herpes genital. No existe cura. Sin embargo, las medicinas pueden ayudar a disminuir los síntomas, reducir los brotes y bajar el riesgo de contagio a otras personas. El uso correcto de condones de látex puede reducir, pero no eliminar, el riesgo de contraer o contagiar el herpes. Si su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede ayudar usar un condón de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html" id="5863" language="English">Genital Herpes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html" id="1954">Herpes simple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca del herpes genital" url="https://www.cdc.gov/herpes/es/about/acerca-del-herpes-genital.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/herpes/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos séricos contra el herpes simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el herpes genital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000653.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de lesión por herpes viral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003739.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-herpes/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes genital" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/genital-herpes/symptoms-causes/syc-20356161?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/genital-herpes/symptoms-causes/syc-20356161?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes genital" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-herpes" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-herpes">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes genital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000857.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes genital (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/herpes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/herpes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes genital: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/genital-herpes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356167?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del virus del herpes simple (VHS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-herpes-simple-vhs/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/herpes-hsv-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Conoce los tipos de herpes simple? Tipo 1 provoca el herpes labial, ampollas de fiebre o herpes oral. Tipo 2 afecta a la zona genital. Más aquí." title="Herpes labial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html" id="5148" language="Spanish" date-created="10/13/2009">
<also-called>Herpes febril</also-called>
<also-called>Herpes simple oral</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El herpes labial es causado por un virus muy contagioso llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simple (VHS)&lt;/a&gt;. Existen dos tipos de VHS. El tipo 1 en general causa herpes oral o labial. Este infecta a más de la mitad de la población de los EE. UU. para cuando llega a los 20 años. El tipo 2 en general afecta el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html"&gt;área genital&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas no tienen síntomas de la infección. Sin embargo, otras desarrollan llagas dolorosas y desagradables. El herpes labial suele aparecer fuera de la boca o en los labios o  alrededor. Cuando están dentro de la boca, en general es en las encías o en el paladar.  No son lo mismo que las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html"&gt;aftas bucales&lt;/a&gt;, que no son contagiosas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para el herpes labial. Por lo general desaparece por sí solo en un par de semanas. Los medicamentos antivirales pueden ayudar a que sane más rápido. También pueden ayudar a prevenir su aparición en personas con brotes frecuentes. Otras medicinas pueden ayudar con el dolor y la molestia que causan. Estos incluyen ungüentos que adormecen las llagas, ablandan las costras o que las secan. Proteger tus labios con bloqueador solar también puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html" id="5147" language="English">Cold Sores</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html" id="1954">Herpes simple</related-topic>
<see-reference>Labios, Herpes</see-reference>
<site title="Calenturas labiales y las aftas bucales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/las-calenturas-labiales-y-las-aftas-bucales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fever-blisters-canker-sores">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estomatitis herpética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001383.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001383.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-herpes/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes labial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes labial (VHS-1)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cold-sores.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cold-sores.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes labial en los niños: información sobre el virus del herpes simple" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/herpes-simplex-virus-cold-sores.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Cold-Sores.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes oral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000606.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afrontar el herpes labial?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cold-sores.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cold-sores.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras bucales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003059.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El herpes simple es una infección causada por el virus del herpes simple. El herpes genital afecta los genitales, el herpes oral afecta el área de la boca." title="Herpes simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html" id="1954" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El herpes es una infección causada por un virus herpes simple (VHS). El herpes bucal provoca &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html"&gt;llagas&lt;/a&gt; alrededor de la boca o en el rostro. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html"&gt;herpes genital&lt;/a&gt; es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS). Puede afectar los genitales, las nalgas o el área del ano. Otras infecciones por herpes pueden afectar los ojos, la piel u otras partes del cuerpo. El virus puede ser peligroso en recién nacidos o en personas con sistemas inmunes debilitados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Existen dos tipos de herpes simple:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El herpes simple tipo 1 frecuentemente causa llagas labiales. También puede causar herpes genital.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El herpes simple tipo 2 frecuentemente es el que causa el herpes genital, pero también puede afectar la boca.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El herpes simple se contagia por contacto directo. Algunas personas no tienen síntomas. Otras presentan llagas cerca del área por la cual penetró el virus al cuerpo. Éstas se convierten en ampollas que causan picazón y dolor y posteriormente se curan. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas tiene brotes varias veces al año. Con el transcurso del tiempo, los brotes se hacen menos frecuentes. Los medicamentos que ayudan al cuerpo a combatir el virus pueden ayudar a mejorar los síntomas y disminuir los brotes. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html" id="286" language="English">Herpes Simplex</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html" id="2243">Culebrilla (herpes zóster)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html" id="5864">Herpes genital</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html" id="5148">Herpes labial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<site title="Anticuerpos séricos contra el herpes simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de lesión por herpes viral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003739.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y el herpes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001368.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis infecciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000646.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes labial en los niños: información sobre el virus del herpes simple" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/herpes-simplex-virus-cold-sores.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Cold-Sores.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes puede sucederle a cualquiera" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-herpes-puede-sucederle-a-cualquiera" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/06/herpes-can-happen-anyone">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por el virus herpes simple" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-por-el-virus-del-herpes/infecciones-por-el-virus-del-herpes-simple-vhs">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del virus del herpes simple (VHS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-herpes-simple-vhs/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/herpes-hsv-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Queratitis herpética" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-c%C3%B3rnea/queratitis-herp%C3%A9tica">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del herpes simple" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis herpética?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-herpetica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/herpes-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about herpes simplex, a contagious infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). Oral herpes affects the mouth. Genital herpes affects the genitals." title="Herpes Simplex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html" id="286" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<also-called>HSV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Herpes is an infection that is caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). Oral herpes causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html"&gt;cold sores&lt;/a&gt; around the mouth or face.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html"&gt;Genital herpes&lt;/a&gt; affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area.  Genital herpes is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI). It affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. Other herpes infections can affect the eyes, skin, or other parts of the body. The virus can be dangerous in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; There are two types of HSV:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HSV type 1 most commonly causes cold sores. It can also cause genital herpes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it also can infect the mouth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;HSV spreads through direct contact. Some people have no symptoms. Others get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. They turn into blisters, become itchy and painful, and then heal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people have outbreaks several times a year. Over time, you get them less often. Medicines to help your body fight the virus can help lessen symptoms and decrease outbreaks.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html" id="1954" language="Spanish">Herpes simple</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006561">Herpes Simplex</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html" id="5147">Cold Sores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html" id="5863">Genital Herpes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html" id="90">Shingles</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Herpes Simplex" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Herpes+Simplex%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold Sores in Children: About the Herpes Simplex Virus" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Cold-Sores.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/herpes-simplex-virus-cold-sores.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes (HSV) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/herpes-hsv-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-herpes-simple-vhs/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herpes Can Happen to Anyone: Share Facts, Not Fears" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/06/herpes-can-happen-anyone" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-herpes-puede-sucederle-a-cualquiera">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herpes Eye Disease" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/herpes-eye-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in Infants and Babies" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes Simplex: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/herpes-simplex-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes viral culture of lesion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003739.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpetic Whitlow" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/herpetic-whitlow?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious esophagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000646.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and herpes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001368.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes Simplex" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Herpes+Simplex%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sacral Herpes" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/sacral-herpes-simplex-virus-hsv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serum herpes simplex antibodies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003352.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Herpes Keratitis" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/herpes-keratitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-herpetica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A hiatal hernia is a result of the upper part of the stomach pushing through the diaphragm into the chest area. Read about symptoms and treatment." title="Hiatal Hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiatalhernia.html" id="4370" language="English" date-created="05/09/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A hiatal hernia is a condition in which the upper part of your stomach bulges through an opening in your diaphragm. Your diaphragm is the thin muscle that separates your chest from your abdomen. Your diaphragm helps keep acid from coming up into your esophagus. When you have a hiatal hernia, it's easier for the acid to come up. This leaking of acid from your stomach into your esophagus is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; (gastroesophageal reflux disease). GERD may cause symptoms such as :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;Heartburn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problems swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dry &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html"&gt;Bad breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and/or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The wearing away of your teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, the cause of a hiatal hernia is unknown. It may have to do with weakness in the surrounding muscles. Sometimes the cause is an injury or a birth defect. Your risk of getting a hiatal hernia goes up as you age; they are common in people over age 50. You are also at higher risk if you have obesity or smoke.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People usually find out that they have a hiatal hernia when they are getting tests for GERD, heartburn, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest pain&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;. The tests may be a chest x-ray, an x-ray with a barium swallow, or an upper endoscopy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You don't need treatment if your hiatal hernia does not cause any symptoms or problems. If you do have symptoms, some lifestyle changes may help. They include eating small meals, avoiding certain foods, not smoking or drinking alcohol, and losing weight. Your health care provider may recommend antacids or other medicines. If these don't help, you may need surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html" id="4371" language="Spanish">Hernia de hiato</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006551">Hernia, Hiatal</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Acid Reflux (GER and GERD) in Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/reflujo-gastrico-rge-enfermedad-por-reflujo-gastroesofagico-erge-adultos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anti-reflux surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002925.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-reflux surgery - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007401.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium Swallow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hernia, Hiatal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hernia,+Hiatal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiatal Hernia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373379?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373379?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiatal hernia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001137.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiatal hernia repair - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100028_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100028_1.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiatal Hernia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hernia%2C+Hiatal%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="What exactly is a hiccup and how do you stop hiccupping once you start? Find out what triggers hiccups and when you should contact your doctor." title="Hiccups" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiccups.html" id="6084" language="English" date-created="01/07/2013">
<also-called>Hiccough</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt; What are hiccups?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Have you ever wondered what is happening when you hiccup? There are two parts to a hiccup. The first is an involuntary movement of your diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscle at the base of your lungs. It is the main muscle used for breathing. The second part of a hiccup is a quick closing of your vocal cords. This is what causes the "hic" sound you make.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hiccups?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hiccups can start and stop for no obvious reason. But they often happen when something irritates your diaphragm, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Eating too quickly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating too much&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating hot or spicy foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking carbonated drinks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diseases that irritate the nerves that control the diaphragm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling nervous or excited&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A bloated stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Metabolic disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Central nervous system disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I get rid of hiccups?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hiccups usually go away on their own after a few minutes. You have probably heard different suggestions about how to cure hiccups. There is no proof that they work, but they are not harmful, so you could try them. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Breathing into a paper bag&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking or sipping a glass of cold water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Holding your breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gargling with ice water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for chronic hiccups?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people have chronic hiccups. This means that the hiccups last more than a few days or keep coming back. Chronic hiccups can interfere with your sleep, eating, drinking, and talking. If you have chronic hiccups, contact your health care provider. If you have a condition that is causing the hiccups, treating that condition may help. Otherwise, treatment options include medicines, surgery, and other procedures.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiccups.html" id="6085" language="Spanish">Hipo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006606">Hiccup</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiccups.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Singultus</see-reference>
<site title="Chronic Hiccup" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6657/chronic-hiccup/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hiccup" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hiccup%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hiccups" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/hiccups" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-digestivos/hipo">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiccups" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003068.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiccups" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hiccup%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Hiccups?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hiccup.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hiccup.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), or acne inversa, is a chronic skin disease. It causes painful bumps in your armpits and groin. Learn about treatment." title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hidradenitissuppurativa.html" id="4363" language="English" date-created="04/18/2006">
<also-called>Acne inversa</also-called>
<also-called>Suppurative hidradenitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease. Another name for it is acne inversa. It causes painful, boil-like lumps that form under the skin. It often affects areas where the skin rubs together, such as your armpits and groin. The lumps become inflamed and painful. They often break open, causing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;abscesses&lt;/a&gt; that drain fluid and pus. As the abscesses heal, they can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html"&gt;scarring&lt;/a&gt; of the skin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The lumps in HS form because of blockages of the hair follicles. The blocked hair follicles trap bacteria, which leads to inflammation and rupture. In most cases, the cause of the blockages is unknown. Genetics, environment, and hormonal factors may play a role. Some cases of HS are caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hidradenitis-suppurativa/"&gt;changes in certain genes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;HS is not caused by bad hygiene, and it cannot be spread to others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HS usually starts after puberty, usually in the teens or twenties. It is more common in:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who are Black&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with a family history of HS&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who are overweight or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of HS include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Small pitted areas of skin containing blackheads&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful, red, lumps that get bigger and break open. This causes abscesses that drain fluid and pus. They may itch and have an unpleasant odor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The abscesses heal very slowly, recur over time, and can lead to scarring and tunnels under the skin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;HS can be mild, moderate, or severe:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In mild HS, there are only one or a few lumps in one area of the skin. A mild case will often get worse, becoming a moderate disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Moderate HS includes recurrences of the lumps that get bigger and break open. The lumps form in more than one area of the body.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;With severe HS, there are widespread lumps, scarring, and chronic pain that may make it hard to move.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because of the difficulty of dealing with the disease, people with HS are at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for HS. It can be hard to diagnose in the early stages because it can look like pimples or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html"&gt;acne&lt;/a&gt;. To make a diagnosis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Will ask about your medical history and your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will look at the lumps on your skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May take a sample of the skin or pus (if there is any) and send it to a lab to be tested&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider may refer you to a dermatologist (skin doctor) to get a diagnosis or treatment.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for HS. Treatments focus on the symptoms, but they are not always effective for everyone. The treatments depend on how severe the disease is and may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;, and medicines that flight inflammation. In mild cases, the medicines may be topical (applied to your skin). Otherwise, the medicines may be injected or taken orally (by mouth).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedures or surgery&lt;/strong&gt; to remove the lumps and scars or make the sores go away.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may also help if you can avoid things that can irritate your skin, by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing loose-fitting clothing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Staying at a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding heat and humidity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being careful not to injure your skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hidradenitissuppurativa.html" id="4364" language="Spanish">Hidradenitis supurativa</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017497">Hidradenitis Suppurativa</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hidradenitissuppurativa.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html" id="1344">Sweat</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hidradenitis Suppurativa" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hidradenitis+Suppurativa%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/teen/hidradenitis-suppurativa?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/hidradenitis-suppurativa?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hidradenitis-suppurativa/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hidradenitis-supurativa-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/hidradenitis-suppurativa-hs" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/hidradenitis-supurativa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis suppurativa: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hidradenitis-suppurativa">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hidradenitis-suppurativa-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis Suppurativa" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hidradenitis+Suppurativa%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hidradenitis supurativa es una enfermedad crónica de la piel. Causa protuberancias dolorosas en las axilas e ingle. Tratamientos y síntomas." title="Hidradenitis supurativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hidradenitissuppurativa.html" id="4364" language="Spanish" date-created="11/19/2019">
<also-called>Hidradenitis supurada</also-called>
<also-called>Hidrosadenitis supurativa</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hidradenitis supurativa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hidradenitis supurativa es una enfermedad crónica de la piel. También se conoce como acné inversa. Causa protuberancias dolorosas, parecidas al acné, que se forman debajo de la piel. A menudo afecta áreas donde la piel se frota, como las axilas y la ingle. Las protuberancias se inflaman y duelen. A menudo se abren, causando abscesos que drenan el líquido y el pus. A medida que los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html"&gt;abscesos&lt;/a&gt; sanan, pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html"&gt;cicatrices&lt;/a&gt; en la piel.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de la hidradenitis supurativa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las protuberancias de la hidradenitis supurativa se forman porque los folículos pilosos se tapan, lo que atrapa las bacterias, provocando inflamación y su ruptura. En la mayoría de los casos, se desconoce la causa de los bloqueos. La genética, el medio ambiente y los factores hormonales pueden desempeñar un papel. Algunos casos de hidradenitis supurativa son causados por cambios en ciertos genes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Esta afección no es causada por una mala higiene, y no se puede transmitir a otros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener hidradenitis supurativa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, la hidradenitis supurativa comienza después de la pubertad, usualmente en la adolescencia o en la veintena de años. Es más común en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que son afrodescendientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con antecedentes familiares de la afección &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fuman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hidradenitis supurativa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pequeñas áreas de piel que contienen puntos negros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bultos dolorosos, rojos, que se agrandan y se abren. Esto causa abscesos que drenan líquido y pus. Pueden picar y tener un olor desagradable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los abscesos sanan muy lentamente, vuelven con el tiempo y pueden provocar cicatrices y túneles debajo de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hidradenitis supurativa puede ser leve, moderada o severa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En casos leves, solo hay uno o algunos bultos en un área de la piel. A menudo, un caso leve empeorará y se convertirá en una enfermedad moderada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La hidradenitis supurativa moderada incluye recurrencias de las protuberancias que se agrandan y se rompen. Estas se forman en más de un área del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En casos graves, hay protuberancias generalizadas, cicatrices y dolor crónico que pueden dificultar el movimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debido a la dificultad de lidiar con la enfermedad, las personas con la afección tienen un mayor riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hidradenitis supurativa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para la hidradenitis supurativa. Puede ser difícil de diagnosticar en las primeras etapas porque se asemeja a granos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html"&gt;acné&lt;/a&gt;. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Observará los bultos en su piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede tomar una muestra de piel o pus (si hay) y enviarla a un laboratorio para su análisis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor puede referirlo a un dermatólogo (especialista de la piel) para obtener un diagnóstico o tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hidradenitis supurativa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para la hidradenitis supurativa. Los tratamientos se centran en los síntomas, pero no siempre son efectivos para todos. Los tratamientos dependen de la gravedad de la enfermedad y pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; y medicamentos que evitan la inflamación. En casos leves, los medicamentos pueden ser tópicos (se aplican en la piel). De lo contrario, los medicamentos pueden inyectarse o tomarse por vía oral (por la boca)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedimientos o cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; para eliminar los bultos y cicatrices o hacer que las llagas desaparezcan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También puede ayudar si puede evitar cosas que pueden irritar su piel, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar ropa holgada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Mantenerse en un peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el calor y la humedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar de no dañar su piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hidradenitissuppurativa.html" id="4363" language="English">Hidradenitis Suppurativa</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<site title="Hidradenitis supurativa" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hidradenitis-supurativa-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hidradenitis-suppurativa/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis supurativa" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/acn%C3%A9-y-trastornos-relacionados/hidradenitis-supurativa">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrosadenitis supurativa: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hidradenitis-suppurativa/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352311?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrosadenitis supurativa: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hidradenitis-suppurativa/symptoms-causes/syc-20352306?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la hidradenitis supurativa?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/hidradenitis-supurativa" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/hidradenitis-suppurativa-hs">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hidrocefalia es la acumulación de un exceso de líquido cefalorraquídeo en el cerebro. Infórmese sobre las causas y tratamientos." title="Hidrocefalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html" id="1965" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Agua en el cerebro</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La hidrocefalia es la acumulación de una cantidad excesiva de líquido cefalorraquídeo en el cerebro. Normalmente, este fluido protege y amortigua el cerebro. Sin embargo, demasiado líquido ejerce una presión dañina para el cerebro. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hidrocefalia puede ser congénita, que se presenta al nacer. Sus causas incluyen problemas genéticos y problemas que se desarrollan en el feto durante el embarazo. El principal signo de la hidrocefalia congénita es una cabeza con un tamaño fuera de lo normal.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La hidrocefalia también puede presentarse después de nacer. Esto se llama hidrocefalia adquirida. Puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Las causas pueden incluir traumatismos en la cabeza, derrames cerebrales, infecciones, tumores y hemorragia cerebral.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la hidrocefalia pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vómitos y náusea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Visión borrosa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de equilibrio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas para controlar la vejiga &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hidrocefalia puede causar daños permanentes en el cerebro y provocar problemas con el desarrollo físico y mental. Cuando no se trata, suele ser mortal. Con tratamiento, muchas personas llevan una vida normal, con ciertas limitaciones. El tratamiento suele incluir una cirugía para implantar una derivación. Una derivación es un tubo flexible pero robusto. Este desvía el flujo del líquido cefalorraquídeo a otra zona del cuerpo donde pueda ser absorbido. Las medicinas y la rehabilitación también pueden ayudar.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html" id="607" language="English">Hydrocephalus</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html" id="6165">Malformaciones de Chiari</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html" id="3023">Malformaciones del cerebro</related-topic>
<see-reference>Agua en el cerebro</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras derivación ventriculoperitoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000149.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cisternografía con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003823.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación ventriculoperitoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003019.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la hidrocefalia" url="https://www.hydroassoc.org/la-hidrocefalia/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Hidrocefalia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelas abultadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100123_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100123_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001571.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/hidrocefalia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/hydrocephalus-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/symptoms-causes/syc-20373604?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/symptoms-causes/syc-20373604?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hydrocephalus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydrocephalus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia de presión normal" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/hidrocefalia-de-presion-normal" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia normotensiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000752.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000752.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia y las derivaciones en la persona con espina bífida" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Hydrocefalia-y-Derivaciones.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/hydrocephalus-and-shunts/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidrocefalia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373609?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Dandy-Walker" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-dandy-walker" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dandy-walker-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transiluminación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003389.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Le gusta pasar el tiempo al aire libre? Conozca las hiedras, robles o zumaques venenosos. Infórmese cómo protegerse de las plantas venenosas." title="Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html" id="3879" language="Spanish" date-created="04/25/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted pasa mucho tiempo al aire libre, es probable que se haya encontrado con hiedras, robles o zumaques venenosos en alguna oportunidad. La mayoría de las personas son sensibles a la savia aceitosa de estas plantas. La savia se encuentra en la raíz, los tallos, las hojas y los frutos de estas plantas. Si le toca la piel, causa una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;erupción cutánea&lt;/a&gt; con ampollas. La erupción puede variar de leve a grave, dependiendo de la cantidad de savia que toque la piel y de la sensibilidad de cada persona. También pueden ocurrir problemas si las plantas se queman. El hollín cubierto por savia que vuela en el aire puede penetrar en los ojos, la nariz, la garganta y el sistema respiratorio. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera para evitar la erupción cutánea es aprender a identificar las plantas y mantenerse alejado de ellas. Si toca alguna de estas plantas, lávese la piel y la ropa inmediatamente. Si aparece una erupción, solicite en la farmacia medicinas a la venta sin receta médica. En los casos de erupciones graves, consulte a un médico. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Servicio de Parques Nacionales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html" id="3878" language="English">Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html" id="1849">Sarpullido</related-topic>
<see-reference>Roble venenoso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sumaque</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zumaque</see-reference>
<site title="Erupciones cutáneas leves y otros cambios en la piel" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción cutánea por hiedra, roble o zumaque venenosos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000027.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción por hiedra venenosa" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376485?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376485?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de sarpullido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-sarpullido/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rash-evaluation/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gáneles la partida a la hiedra venenosa y otras plantas tóxicas" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/ganeles-la-partida-la-hiedra-venenosa-y-otras-plantas-toxicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/outsmarting-poison-ivy-and-other-poisonous-plants">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiedra venenosa" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hiedra-venenosa-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/poison-ivy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiedra venenosa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/poison-ivy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/poison-ivy.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiedra venenosa y zumaque venenoso" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/Paginas/Poison-Ivy-Poison-Oak.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002886.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Hiedra, roble o zumaque venenosos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/poison-ivy-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/poison-ivy-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de las plantas venenosas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-118_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-118/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la hiedra venenosa" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/poison-ivy-treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Poison-Ivy-Treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cuerpo necesita minerales como el hierro para realizar diversas funciones. Entérese lo que puede ocurrir cuando consume demasiado o muy poco hierro." title="Hierro en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html" id="5543" language="Spanish" date-created="11/23/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el hierro?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El hierro es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;mineral&lt;/a&gt; que el cuerpo necesita para su crecimiento y desarrollo. Su cuerpo usa hierro para producir hemoglobina, una proteína en los glóbulos rojos. La hemoglobina transporta oxígeno desde los pulmones a todas las partes del cuerpo. El hierro también es importante para la salud de los músculos, la médula ósea y el funcionamiento de los órganos. Su cuerpo también lo necesita para producir algunas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se obtiene el hierro?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El hierro se encuentra naturalmente en muchos alimentos y se agrega a algunos productos alimenticios enriquecidos. Los alimentos con alto contenido de hierro incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carnes magras, mariscos y aves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Panes y cereales para el desayuno fortificados con hierro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frijoles blancos, lentejas, espinacas, frijoles rojos ("kidney") y guisantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nueces y algunas frutas secas, como pasas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El hierro también se puede obtener en suplementos, ya sea solo o como parte de muchos multivitamínicos/minerales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la falta de hierro?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas en los Estados Unidos obtiene suficiente hierro. La cantidad que necesita cada día depende de su edad, sexo y si consume una dieta principalmente basada en plantas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, las personas pueden tener problemas para obtener suficiente hierro. Esto puede tener muchas causas, incluyendo pérdida de sangre, una mala alimentación o un problema para absorber suficiente hierro de los alimentos. Quienes tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles bajos de hierro son aquellas personas que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;menstruaciones&lt;/a&gt; abundantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Están &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazadas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;amamantando&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son bebés (especialmente si fueron &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;prematuros&lt;/a&gt; o con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;bajo peso al nacer&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;donantes de sangre&lt;/a&gt; frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;, ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades digestivas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardíaca&amp;lt;&lt;/a&gt;/li&amp;gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Requieren &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen problemas para absorber el hierro porque:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen una afección digestiva como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad celíaca&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerosa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn &lt;/a&gt;o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html"&gt;infección por Helicobacter pylori&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tuvieron una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;cirugía para bajar de peso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre si no obtiene suficiente hierro?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene muy poco hierro, puede desarrollar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; por deficiencia de hierro. Puede que al principio no cause síntomas, pero con el tiempo puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt; y problemas con la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html"&gt;memoria&lt;/a&gt; y la concentración.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La anemia por deficiencia de hierro y los niveles bajos de hierro se suele tratar con suplementos de hierro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué pasa si obtiene demasiado hierro?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Demasiado hierro puede dañar su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, si está sano y toma demasiados suplementos de hierro, puede tener síntomas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;. Los niveles más altos de hierro pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlceras&lt;/a&gt;. Niveles extremadamente altos pueden provocar daño a los órganos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt; y la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una enfermedad llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;hemocromatosis&lt;/a&gt; puede provocar la acumulación de demasiado hierro en el cuerpo. La hemocromatosis se hereda (se transmite de padres a hijos). Por lo general, se trata extrayendo sangre (y hierro) del cuerpo de forma regular.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html" id="5542" language="English">Iron</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html" id="1743">Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html" id="1947">Hemocromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html" id="4299">Minerales en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html" id="4240">Talasemia</related-topic>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anemia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anemia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/anemia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/anemia">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia causada por bajo nivel de hierro en bebés y niños pequeños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia causada por bajo nivel de hierro en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007134.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia ferropénica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000584.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia ferropénica (por falta de hierro)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ida.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ida.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de hierro" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-ferropenica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/iron-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Capacidad total de fijación del hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ferritina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hierro sérico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003488.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hierro" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hierro (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iron.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iron.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hierro en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002422.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de ferritina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-ferritina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ferritin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-hierro/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/iron-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002659.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar suplementos de hierro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007478.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="High blood pressure (hypertension) develops when blood flows through arteries at higher than normal pressures. It increases the risk for heart disease and stroke." title="High Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html" id="34" language="English" date-created="11/14/1998">
<also-called>Benign essential hypertension</also-called>
<also-called>Essential hypertension</also-called>
<also-called>HBP</also-called>
<also-called>HTN</also-called>
<also-called>Hypertension</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number. For example, 120/80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is high blood pressure diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. So the only way to find out if you have it is to get regular blood pressure checks from your health care provider. Your provider will use a gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. They will take two or more readings at separate appointments before making a diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy and unhealthy blood pressure ranges" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:55%"&gt;Blood Pressure Category&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Systolic Blood Pressure&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:5%"&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Diastolic Blood Pressure&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Less than 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Less than 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Elevated&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;120 - 129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Less than 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;High Blood Pressure Stage 1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;130 - 139&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;80 - 89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;High Blood Pressure Stage 2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;140 or higher&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;90 or higher&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;  
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Hypertensive Crisis (dangerously high blood pressure - seek medical care right away)&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Higher than 180&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Higher than 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;


&lt;p&gt;For children and teens, the health care provider compares the blood pressure reading to what is normal for other kids who are the same age, height, and sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of high blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two main types of high blood pressure: primary and secondary high blood pressure.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Primary,&lt;/strong&gt; or essential, high blood pressure is the most common type of high blood pressure. For most people who get this kind of blood pressure, it develops over time as you get older.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Secondary&lt;/strong&gt; high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or use of certain medicines. It usually gets better after you treat that condition or stop taking the medicines that are causing it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why do I need to worry about high blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When your blood pressure stays high over time, it causes the heart to pump harder and work overtime, possibly leading to serious health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for high blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for high blood pressure include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You will work with your provider to come up with a treatment plan. It may include only the lifestyle changes. These changes, such as heart-healthy eating and exercise, can be very effective. But sometimes the changes do not control or lower your high blood pressure. Then you may need to take medicine. There are different types of blood pressure medicines. Some people need to take more than one type.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or medicine, treating that condition or stopping the medicine may lower your blood pressure.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html" id="1955" language="Spanish">Presión arterial alta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058246">Prehypertension</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006973">Hypertension</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressure.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4939">Blood Pressure Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" id="6278">DASH Eating Plan</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="1508">High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6450">How to Prevent High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html" id="1225">Low Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Pressure</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypertension</see-reference>
<site title="ACE inhibitors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aldosterone blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003704.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aldosterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aldosterone-producing adenoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aldosterone-producing-adenoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety: A Cause of High Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/FAQ-20058549?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/faq-20058549?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure and Lifestyle Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000101_29.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000101_90.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood pressure measurement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007490.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood pressure monitors for home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007482.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/blood-pressure-test/about/pac-20393098?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure: Does It Have a Daily Pattern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058115?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure: Is It Affected by Cold Weather?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058250?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chloride Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chloride-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cloruro-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypertension" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypertension%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prehypertension" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prehypertension%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Common High Blood Pressure Myths" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/common-high-blood-pressure-myths">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Controlling your high blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000101.htm">
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<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get the Most Out of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20047889?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20047889?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Healthy Blood Pressure for Healthy Hearts: Small Steps To Take Control" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/HBP_Infograph_Fact_Sheet_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/presion-arterial-saludable-para-corazones-saludables-pequenos-pasos-para-tomar-el-control">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Healthy Blood Pressure for Healthy Hearts: Tracking Your Numbers" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/HBP_Worksheet_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/presion-arterial-saludable-para-corazones-saludables-seguimiento-de-sus-numeros-healthy">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/high-blood-pressure-hypertension" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/presion-arterial-alta-hipertension-high-blood-pressure-hypertension">
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<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
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<site title="High Blood Pressure and Cold Remedies: Which Are Safe?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058281?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/faq-20058281?p=1">
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<site title="High Blood Pressure and Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/high-blood-pressure/high-blood-pressure-and-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/presion-arterial-alta/presion-arterial-alta-personas-mayores">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="High Blood Pressure and Sex: Overcome the Challenges" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-and-sex/ART-20044209?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-and-sex/art-20044209?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="High Blood Pressure Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/data-research/facts-stats/">
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</site>
<site title="High blood pressure in adults - hypertension" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000468.htm">
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<site title="High blood pressure in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007329.htm">
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<site title="High blood pressure medications" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007484.htm">
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<site title="High Blood Pressure, Atrial Fibrillation, and Your Risk of Stroke" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/why-atrial-fibrillation-af-or-afib-matters/high-blood-pressure-afib-and-your-risk-of-stroke">
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<site title="High Blood Pressure: Unique to Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/high-blood-pressure-hypertension">
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<site title="How High Blood Pressure Can Lead to Stroke" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/health-threats-from-high-blood-pressure/how-high-blood-pressure-can-lead-to-stroke">
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<site title="How to Prevent High Blood Pressure: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">
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<site title="Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hypertension.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hypertension.html">
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<site title="Hypertension: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypertension">
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<site title="Hypertensive Crisis: When You Should Call 911 for High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings/hypertensive-crisis-when-you-should-call-911-for-high-blood-pressure">
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<site title="Hypertensive heart disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000163.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Is High Blood Pressure Affecting Your Health?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000468_38.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000468_93.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Isolated Systolic Hypertension: A Health Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/hypertension/FAQ-20058527?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/hypertension/faq-20058527?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Low-salt diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm">
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<site title="Malignant hypertension" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000491.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Measuring Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/">
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<site title="Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058406?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406?p=1">
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<site title="Mind Your Risks" url="https://www.mindyourrisks.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prehypertension%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hypertension%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Pulse Pressure: An Indicator of Heart Health?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/pulse-pressure/FAQ-20058189?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/pulse-pressure/faq-20058189?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Renin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003698.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003698.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Renin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Renovascular hypertension" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000204.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salty Stuff: Salt, Blood Pressure, and Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/salty-stuff" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-alimentos-salados">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Secondary Hypertension" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/secondary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350679?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/secondary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350679?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shaking the Salt Habit to Lower High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/shaking-the-salt-habit-to-lower-high-blood-pressure">
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<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and High Blood Pressure: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/ART-20044190?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/art-20044190?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) Study" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/systolic-blood-pressure-intervention-trial-sprint-study">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
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<site title="What Is High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/high-blood-pressure" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/presion-arterial-alta">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="What Is High Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/what-is-high-blood-pressure">
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<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
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<site title="White Coat Hypertension: When Blood Pressure Rises in a Medical Setting" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/white-coat-hypertension/FAQ-20057792?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/white-coat-hypertension/faq-20057792?p=1">
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<site title="Wrist Blood Pressure Monitors: Are They Accurate?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/FAQ-20057802?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/faq-20057802?p=1">
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<health-topic meta-desc="High blood pressure in pregnancy can include gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia. It can cause problems for both mother and baby." title="High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="1508" language="English" date-created="07/26/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is high blood pressure in pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Your arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, or hypertension, is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Having high blood pressure can put you at risk for other health problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During pregnancy, high blood pressure can cause problems for you and your baby. To keep you and your baby healthy, it's important to get treatment for high blood pressure before, during, and after pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of high blood pressure in pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of high blood pressure in pregnancy:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gestational hypertension&lt;/strong&gt; is high blood pressure that you develop while you are pregnant. It starts after you are 20 weeks pregnant. You usually don't have any other symptoms. In many cases, it does not harm you or your baby, and it goes away within 12 weeks after childbirth. But it does raise your risk of high blood pressure in the future. If it becomes severe, it can lead to a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;preterm birth&lt;/a&gt; or your baby having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt;. Some women with gestational hypertension do go on to develop preeclampsia, a more serious type of high blood pressure in pregnancy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic hypertension&lt;/strong&gt; is high blood pressure that starts before the 20th week of pregnancy or before you became pregnant. Some people may have had it long before becoming pregnant but didn't know it until they got their blood pressure checked at their &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal visit&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes chronic hypertension can also lead to preeclampsia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt; is a sudden increase in blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy. It usually happens in the last trimester. Preeclampsia also often includes signs of damage to some of your organs, such as your liver or kidneys. The signs may include protein in the urine (pee) and very high blood pressure. Preeclampsia can be serious or even life-threatening for both you and your baby.
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If preeclampsia becomes severe enough to affect your brain function and causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;seizures&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;, it is called &lt;strong&gt;eclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;In rare cases, preeclampsia symptoms may not start until after delivery. This is called &lt;strong&gt;postpartum preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;. If this type of preeclampsia becomes more severe and causes a seizure, it is known as &lt;strong&gt;postpartum eclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;When a person with preeclampsia or eclampsia has damage to the liver and blood cells, it's called &lt;strong&gt;HELLP syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;. It is rare, but very serious.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop high blood pressure in pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are more likely to develop high blood pressure in pregnancy if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had chronic high blood pressure or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt; before pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had high blood pressure or preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--;i--&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Are under age 20 or over age 40&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are pregnant with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;more than one baby&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are African American&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of high blood pressure in pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain health conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;	

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of high blood pressure in pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. People usually find out they have high blood pressure when their health care provider &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/"&gt;measures their blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt; can cause other symptoms, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Too much protein in your urine (called proteinuria).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;edema&lt;/a&gt;) in your face and hands. Your feet may also swell, but many women have swollen feet during pregnancy. So swollen feet by themselves may not be a sign of a problem.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headache&lt;/a&gt; that does not go away.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision problems, including blurred vision or seeing spots.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in your upper right &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt; (belly).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eclampsia&lt;/strong&gt; can also cause seizures, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea and/or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;, and low urine output.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;If you go on to develop &lt;strong&gt;HELLP syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;, you may also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt; easily, extreme &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, and liver failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What problems can high blood pressure in pregnancy cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;High blood pressure in pregnancy can lead to complications such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Placental abruption, where the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby) separates from the uterus (the place where a baby grows during pregnancy)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor fetal growth, caused by a lack of nutrients and oxygen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preterm birth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your baby having a low birth weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage to your kidneys, liver, brain, and other organ and blood systems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A higher risk of heart disease for you&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is high blood pressure in pregnancy diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your provider will check your blood pressure and urine at each prenatal visit. If your blood pressure reading is high (140/90 or higher), especially after the 20th week of pregnancy, your provider will likely want to order some tests. These may include blood tests and other lab tests, such as a test to look for extra &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/protein-in-urine/"&gt;protein in your urine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for high blood pressure in pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have high blood pressure, you and your baby will be closely monitored to lower the chance of complications. You may need to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check your blood pressure at home.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep track of how many times you feel the baby kicking each day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adjust your physical activity. Talk to your provider about what level of physical activity is right for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take medicine to control your blood pressure. Talk to your provider about which medicines are safe for your baby. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take aspirin in the second trimester, if you are at risk of preeclampsia and your provider recommends aspirin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visit your provider more often to monitor your condition and your baby's growth rate and heart rate.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have &lt;strong&gt;eclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;HELLP syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;, or a severe case of &lt;strong&gt;preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;, you will most likely need to go to the hospital. Treatment often includes medicines. Your provider may also recommend delivering the baby early. They will make the decision based on:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How severe the condition is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The possible risks to you and your baby&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How far along the pregnancy is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The goal is to lower the risks to you while giving your baby as much time as possible to mature before delivery. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of &lt;strong&gt;preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt; can last after delivery, but they usually go away within 6 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="2102" language="Spanish">Presión arterial alta en el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D046110">Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6450">How to Prevent High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gestational Hypertension</see-reference>
<see-reference>Preeclampsia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Toxemia</see-reference>
<site title="About Preeclampsia and Eclampsia" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Allyson Felix Is a Champion for Maternal Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/allyson-felix-is-a-champion-for-maternal-health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/allyson-felix-es-campeona-de-la-salud-materna">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypertension,+Pregnancy-Induced%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pre-Eclampsia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pre-Eclampsia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eclampsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000899.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HELLP Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hellp-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-hellp/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="HELLP syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000890.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure during Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/high-blood-pressure-during-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/presion-arterial-alta-durante-el-embarazo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/high-blood-pressure-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnesium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/magnesium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-magnesio-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measuring Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mother Spreads Awareness After Multiple Preeclampsia Diagnoses" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/mother-spreads-awareness-after-multiple-preeclampsia-diagnoses" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tras-diagnosticos-multiples-de-preeclampsia-madre-difunde-informacion">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Preeclampsia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/postpartum-preeclampsia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/preeclampsia-posparto-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preeclampsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000898.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preeclampsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000102.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preeclampsia - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000606.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preeclampsia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/preeclampsia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preeclampsia: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/preeclampsia-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/lo-que-usted-necesita-saber-acerca-de-la-preeclampsia">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Your Heart Health" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/pregnancy-and-your-heart-health-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypertension%2C+Pregnancy-Induced%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Risks of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia to the Fetus?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/risk-fetus" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/riesgos-feto">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="High cholesterol isn’t just a problem for adults. It can put your child or teen at risk of coronary artery disease and other heart diseases. Learn more." title="High Cholesterol in Children and Teens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6907" language="English" date-created="03/29/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in the body. The liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. The body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if your child or teen has high cholesterol (too much cholesterol in the blood), it can stick to the walls of their arteries and narrow or even block the arteries. This can put your child or teen at risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes high cholesterol in children and teens?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Three main factors contribute to high cholesterol in children and teens:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An unhealthy diet, especially one that is high in saturated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history of high cholesterol, especially when one or both parents have high cholesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, and certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid diseases&lt;/a&gt;, can also cause high cholesterol in children and teens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of high cholesterol in children and teens?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are usually no signs or symptoms that your child or teen has high cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know if my child or teen has high cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; to measure cholesterol levels. The test gives information about:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Total cholesterol&lt;/strong&gt;. This is a measure of the total amount of cholesterol in your blood. It includes both low-density lipoprotein (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;) cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LDL cholesterol.&lt;/strong&gt; LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol because it is the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HDL cholesterol.&lt;/strong&gt; HDL is often called "good" cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from your arteries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Non-HDL.&lt;/strong&gt; This number is your total cholesterol minus your HDL. Your non-HDL includes LDL and other types of cholesterol such as VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;Triglycerides&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This is another type of fat in your blood that can raise the risk of heart disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For anyone aged 19 or younger, the healthy levels of cholesterol are&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Type of Cholesterol&lt;/th&gt;
            &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Healthy Level&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Total Cholesterol&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 170 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Non-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 120 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;Less than 110 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;More than 45 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;       
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When and how often your child or teen should get this test depends on their age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first test should be between ages 9 to 11&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children should have the test again every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high cholesterol, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for high cholesterol in children and teens?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lifestyle changes are the main treatment for high cholesterol in children and teens. These changes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being more active.&lt;/strong&gt; This includes getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt; and spending less time &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;sitting&lt;/a&gt; (in front of a television, at a computer, on a phone or tablet, etc.).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Healthy eating.&lt;/strong&gt; A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;diet to lower cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; includes limiting foods that are high in saturated fat, sugar, and cholesterol. It is also important to eat plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Losing weight,&lt;/strong&gt; if your child or teen is overweight or has obesity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If everyone in the family makes these changes, it will be easier for your child or teen to stick to them. It is also an opportunity to improve your health, and the health of the rest of your family.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes these lifestyle changes are not enough to lower your child or teen's cholesterol. Their health care provider may consider giving your child or teen cholesterol medicines if they:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are at least 10 years old.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an LDL (bad) cholesterol level that is higher than 190 mg/dL, even after six months of diet and exercise changes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an LDL (bad) cholesterol level that is higher than 160 mg/dL AND are at high risk for heart disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/"&gt;familial hypercholesterolemia&lt;/a&gt; (FH). FH is an inherited disorder that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6908" language="Spanish">Colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006937">Hypercholesterolemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083">Child Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3012">Exercise for Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html" id="4077">Obesity in Children</related-topic>
<site title="Cholesterol (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol - drug treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: High Cholesterol in Children and Teens" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Hypercholesterolemia&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Fat and Cholesterol" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/dietary-fat-and-cholesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-colesterol-y-las-grasas/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise and activity - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000353.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial combined hyperlipidemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000396.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial hypercholesterolemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000392.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="High cholesterol - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007701.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Lower Cholesterol: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Cholesterol in Children and Teens" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28hypercholesterolemia%5Bmajr%5D+OR+hypercholesterolemia%5Btext%5D+OR+hyperlipidemias%5Bmesh%5D+OR+hyperlipoproteinemias%5Bmesh%5D+OR+hyperlipoproteinemias%5Btext%5D+OR+high+blood+triglycerides%5Btext%5D+OR+high+triglycerides%5Btext%5D+OR+high+cholesterol%5Btext%5D%29+AND+%28child%5Bmesh%5D+OR+child%5Btext%5D+OR+child%2Cpreschool%5Bmesh%5D+OR+preschool%5Btext%5D+OR+children%5Btext%5D+OR+adolescent%5Bmesh%5D+OR+teens%5Btext%5D+OR+teenagers%5Btext%5D%29+AND+%28systematic%5Bsb%5D+OR+patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+review%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+humans%5Bmesh%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND%22last+2+Years%22%5Bedat%5D">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Supporting your child with weight loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000354.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cholesterol? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Cholesterol? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Take a look at some common and not so common hip injuries and disorders. Find tests and details on different problems of the hip and clinical trials." title="Hip Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287" language="English" date-created="08/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your hip is the joint where your femur (thigh bone) meets your pelvis (hip bone). There are two main parts: a ball at the end of the femur, which fits in a socket in the pelvis. Your hip is known as a ball-and-socket joint. This is because you have a ball at the end of your femur, and it fits into a socket in your pelvis. This makes your hips very stable and allows for a wide range of motion. When they are healthy, it takes great force to hurt them. However, playing sports, running, overuse, or falling can sometimes lead to hip injuries such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Strains&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain diseases also lead to hip injuries or problems. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; can cause pain 
and limited motion. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; of the hip causes weak bones that break easily. Both of 
these are common in older people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another problem is hip dysplasia, where the ball at the end of the femur is loose in the hip socket. It can cause hip dislocation. Babies who have hip dysplasia are usually born with it, but sometimes they develop it later.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for hip disorders may include rest, medicines, physical therapy, or surgery, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html"&gt;hip replacement&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010384">Pelvic Bones</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000293">injuries</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006617">Hip Dislocation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006620">Hip Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D025981">Hip Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005265">Femoral Neck Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html" id="3922">Hip Replacement</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pelvis</see-reference>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Femoral Neck Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Femoral+Neck+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hip Dislocation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hip+Dislocation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hip Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hip+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hip Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hip+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pelvis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pelvis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Dislocation (Dysplasia) of the Hip (DDH)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/developmental-dislocation-dysplasia-of-the-hip-ddh/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental dysplasia of the hip" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000971.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/femoroacetabular-impingement/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor in American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons" url="https://findadoctor.aahks.net">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracture after Total Hip Replacement" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fracture-after-total-hip-replacement/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting your home ready - knee or hip surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Greater trochanteric pain syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip arthroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007500.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip flexor strain -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Fracture" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip fracture - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000168.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip fracture surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007386.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip joint injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007633.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Labral Tear" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003179.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003179.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hip-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050684?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/hip-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050684?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/hip-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-cadera/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Problems in Infants" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hip-problems-in-infants/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/problemas-de-cadera-en-lactantes-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/hip-conditioning-program/hip-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Replacement: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hip Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-hip" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-hip">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Arthritis of the Hip" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/inflammatory-arthritis-of-the-hip">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legg-Calve-Perthes disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001264.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/perthes-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/perthes-disease.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Pain from a Broken Hip: A Guide for Adults and Their Caregivers" url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hip-fracture-pain/consumer" language-mapped-url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hip-fracture-pain/espanol">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pigmented-villonodular-synovitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinovitis-vellonodular-pigmentada-pvns-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Falls and Hip Fractures" url="https://www.cdc.gov/falls/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Femoral+Neck+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hip+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hip+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hip+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hip+Dislocation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pelvic+Bones%2Finjuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Slipped capital femoral epiphysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000972.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000972.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/deslizamiento-de-la-epifisis-de-la-cabeza-femoral-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic synovitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000981.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Synovitis, or Transient Synovitis of the Hip" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/transient-synovitis-of-the-hip/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinovitis-transitoria-de-la-cadera-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Infant Hip" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-hip.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-hip.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Hip" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-hip.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Pelvis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-pelvis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-pelvis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hip arthroplasty (or hip replacement surgery) involves replacing a damaged hip joint with an artificial one to reduce pain and improve mobility. " title="Hip Replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html" id="3922" language="English" date-created="09/20/2004">
<also-called>Hip arthroplasty</also-called>
<also-called>Hip prosthesis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hip replacement is surgery for people with severe hip damage. The most common cause of damage is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt;. Osteoarthritis causes pain, swelling, and reduced motion in your joints. It can interfere with your daily activities. If other treatments such as physical therapy, pain medicines, and exercise haven't helped, hip replacement surgery might be an option for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During a hip replacement operation, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from your hip joint and replaces them with new, man-made parts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A hip replacement can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Relieve pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Help your hip joint work better&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Improve walking and other movements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common problem after surgery is hip dislocation. Because a man-made hip is smaller than the original joint, the ball can come out of its socket. The surgery can also cause blood clots and infections. With a hip replacement, you might need to avoid certain activities, such as jogging and high-impact sports.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin 
Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html" id="3923" language="Spanish">Reemplazo de cadera</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019644">Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hipreplacement.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287">Hip Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arthroplasty</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthroplasty" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthroplasty%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hip Replacement" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=hip+replacement&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding to have knee or hip replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor in American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons" url="https://findadoctor.aahks.net">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracture after Total Hip Replacement" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fracture-after-total-hip-replacement/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Hip Implants" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/metal-metal-hip-implants/general-information-about-hip-implants">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting your home ready - knee or hip surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip arthroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007500.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip joint replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002975.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip joint replacement - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100006_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100006_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip or knee replacement - after - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip or knee replacement - before - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/hip-conditioning-program/hip-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip replacement - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000169.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip Replacement Surgery" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/hip-replacement-surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/cirugia-de-reemplazo-de-cadera">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants: Information for Patients" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/metal-metal-hip-implants/metal-metal-hip-implants-information-patients">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minimally invasive hip replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007498.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Blood Clots After Orthopaedic Surgery" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/preventing-blood-clots-after-orthopaedic-surgery-video/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hip Replacement" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthroplasty%2C+Replacement%2C+Hip%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking care of your new hip joint" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000171.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000171.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total Hip Replacement" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-hip-replacement/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/treatment/reemplazo-total-de-cadera-total-hip-replacement">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El tener un nivel alto de azúcar (glucosa) en la sangre se conoce como hiperglucemia. Entérese cómo prevenir la hiperglucemia aquí." title="Hiperglucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html" id="6126" language="Spanish" date-created="04/09/2013">
<also-called>Azúcar alta en la sangre</also-called>
<also-called>Hiperglicemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la glucosa en sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;, o azúcar en la sangre, es el azúcar principal 
que se encuentra en la sangre. Es la principal fuente de energía de su 
cuerpo. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Su cuerpo 
descompone la mayor parte de ese alimento en glucosa y la libera en el 
torrente sanguíneo. Cuando su glucosa en sangre sube, le indica a su 
páncreas que libere insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a 
que la glucosa entre en las células para ser utilizada como energía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hiperglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hiperglucemia significa glucosa en sangre alta. Afecta con más 
frecuencia a personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Cuando tiene diabetes, el 
cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina, no puede usarla tan bien como 
debería. Demasiada glucosa permanece en la sangre y no llega a las 
células.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la hiperglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una parte clave del control de la diabetes es manejar los niveles de 
glucosa en sangre. Para esto, debe seguir un &lt;TOPIC ID="3049" LINKTEXT="plan de alimentación 
para la diabetes"/&gt; y hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física&lt;/a&gt; regular. Es posible que también deba tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Debe equilibrar todo esto para mantener su nivel de glucosa en sangre en los niveles correctos. 
Pero si come demasiado o consume alimentos poco sanos, no toma 
sus medicamentos correctamente o no hace actividad física, puede 
tener hiperglucemia. También puede ocurrir si está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estresado&lt;/a&gt; o 
enfermo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con menos frecuencia, las personas que no tienen diabetes 
también pueden tener hiperglucemia. Puede ser causado por trastornos 
que pueden afectar los niveles de insulina o glucosa en la sangre, 
incluyendo problemas con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html"&gt;páncreas&lt;/a&gt; o las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html"&gt;glándulas suprarrenales&lt;/a&gt;, 
ciertos medicamentos y enfermedades graves.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hiperglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la hiperglucemia incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de sed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse cansado o débil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orinar con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visión borrosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si es diabético y con frecuencia tiene niveles altos de glucosa en la 
sangre o síntomas de hiperglucemia, hable con su equipo de atención 
médica. Es posible que necesite un cambio en su dieta para la 
diabetes, plan de actividad física o medicamentos para la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no tiene diabetes y tiene estos síntomas, consulte a su 
profesional de la salud para averiguar la causa y cómo tratarla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hiperglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si la hiperglucemia no se trata, puede causar otros problemas. En 
las personas con diabetes, la hiperglucemia a largo plazo puede 
provocar serios &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;problemas de salud&lt;/a&gt; (complicaciones de la diabetes).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si sus niveles de glucosa en sangre son muy altos, puede 
desarrollar cetoacidosis diabética. Ocurre cuando su cuerpo no tiene 
suficiente insulina para permitir que la glucosa en la sangre ingrese a 
sus células para usarla como energía. En cambio, su hígado 
descompone la grasa como combustible. Este proceso produce ácidos 
llamados cetonas. Cuando se producen demasiadas cetonas 
demasiado rápido, pueden acumularse y llegar a niveles peligrosos en 
su cuerpo. Esto puede poner en peligro la vida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la cetoacidosis diabética pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea o vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse muy cansado o con sueño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una prueba casera de cetonas, controle su nivel de cetonas 
cada 4 a 6 horas cuando su nivel de glucosa en la sangre sea muy alto 
o cuando presente estos síntomas. Si la prueba muestra que sus 
cetonas son moderadas o altas, o si no tiene una prueba de cetonas, 
hable con su profesional de la salud de inmediato o busque ayuda 
médica de emergencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hiperglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, lo más probable es que necesite controlar su 
glucosa en sangre todos los días y asegurarse de que no sea 
demasiado alta. Puede hacerlo con un medidor de glucosa en sangre o 
un sistema de monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También hay &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; que los profesional de la salud pueden usar para verificar si su nivel de glucosa en la sangre es demasiado alto.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hiperglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes y, a menudo, tiene niveles altos de glucosa en la 
sangre, su equipo de atención médica puede hacer cambios en su plan 
de comidas para la diabetes, plan de actividad física y/o medicamentos 
para la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene hiperglucemia severa y tiene síntomas de cetoacidosis 
diabética, necesitará tratamiento en el hospital. El tratamiento a 
menudo incluye líquidos intravenosos e insulina.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la hiperglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, controlarla puede ayudar a prevenir la 
hiperglucemia. Para controlar su diabetes, es importante:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seguir su plan de alimentación para la diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer actividad física regular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si necesita medicamentos para la diabetes, tomarlos 
correctamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlar regularmente su nivel de glucosa en sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse chequeos regulares con su equipo de atención médica &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html" id="6125" language="English">Hyperglycemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html" id="6122">Glucosa en la sangre</related-topic>
<site title="Cetoacidosis diabética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y azúcar alto en sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/high-blood-sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/high-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia en la diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007228.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia y la diabetes (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hyperglycemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/high-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000332.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome diabético hiperosmolar hiperglucémico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000304.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hipertensión pulmonar significa tener presión alta en las arterias de los pulmones. Entérese cómo esta condición produce daño al corazón." title="Hipertensión pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html" id="3635" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2004">
<also-called>Hipertensión arterial pulmonar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hipertensión pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hipertensión pulmonar es una enfermedad grave que afecta los vasos sanguíneos de los pulmones. Ocurre cuando la presión arterial en los pulmones es más alta de lo normal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su corazón bombea sangre a sus pulmones para que puedan suministrar oxígeno a la sangre. La sangre luego vuelve a su corazón. De ahí, se traslada al resto del cuerpo para brindar el oxígeno que necesitan los tejidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La sangre pasa del corazón a los pulmones a través de vasos sanguíneos llamados arterias pulmonares. Si las arterias pulmonares se dañan, se estrechan o se bloquean, la sangre no fluye a través de ellas. Esto puede aumentar la presión arterial en las arterias y causar hipertensión pulmonar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de hipertensión pulmonar, incluyendo hipertensión arterial pulmonar. Los diferentes tipos se basan en la causa de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la hipertensión pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hipertensión pulmonar puede desarrollarse por sí sola o ser causada por otra afección. En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa o no está clara.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas de las posibles causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; del lado izquierdo y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;enfermedad cardíaca congénita&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de los pulmones&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="../spanish/copd.html" tid="1836"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar intersticial&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html"&gt;enfisema&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otras afecciones médicas como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades del hígado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de células falciformes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;Embolia pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; (coágulos de sangre en los pulmones)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos del tejido conectivo como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html"&gt;esclerodermia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener hipertensión pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de que usted tenga hipertensión pulmonar, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad:&lt;/strong&gt; El riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. La afección suele diagnosticarse entre los 30 y 60 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ambiente:&lt;/strong&gt; Estar expuesto al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html"&gt;asbesto&lt;/a&gt; o tener ciertas infecciones causadas por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parásitos&lt;/a&gt; puede aumentar el riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genética&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Ciertos trastornos genéticos, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Down&lt;/a&gt;, la cardiopatía congénita y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Gaucher&lt;/a&gt;, pueden aumentar el riesgo de hipertensión pulmonar. También los antecedentes familiares de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estilo de vida:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;consumir drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt; pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión pulmonar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertos medicamentos:&lt;/strong&gt; Algunos medicamentos utilizados para tratar el cáncer y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; pueden aumentar la probabilidad de desarrollar hipertensión pulmonar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo:&lt;/strong&gt; La hipertensión pulmonar es más común en mujeres que en hombres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hipertensión pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, los síntomas de la hipertensión pulmonar son difíciles de reconocer y son similares a los de otras afecciones médicas. Por ello, a veces pueden pasar años antes de obtener un diagnóstico de hipertensión pulmonar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la hipertensión pulmonar pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presión o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt; que pueden provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html"&gt;desmayo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;Hinchazón&lt;/a&gt; del abdomen, las piernas o los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palpitaciones cardiacas (la sensación de que el corazón late con fuerza o late demasiado rápido)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hipertensión pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hipertensión pulmonar puede empeorar con el tiempo y provocar problemas serios, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;: Esto puede provocar que el cuerpo no reciba suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmias&lt;/a&gt;: Problemas con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coágulos de sangre en las arterias pulmonares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangrado en los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño hepático&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Derrame pericárdico: Acumulación de líquido alrededor del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;Complicaciones del embarazo&lt;/a&gt; graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hipertensión pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene hipertensión pulmonar, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su &lt;strong&gt;historia clínica y sus síntomas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un &lt;strong&gt;examen físico&lt;/strong&gt;, que puede incluir controlar el oxígeno en la sangre, escuchar el corazón y los pulmones y controlar la presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es probable que solicite algunas pruebas, como:
 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Análisis de sangre&lt;/strong&gt; para buscar coágulos sanguíneos, estrés en el corazón o anemia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pruebas de imágenes del corazón&lt;/strong&gt;, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pruebas de imágenes pulmonares&lt;/strong&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt; de tórax&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/"&gt;Electrocardiograma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hipertensión pulmonar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo no existe cura para la hipertensión pulmonar, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Su profesional de la salud creará un plan de tratamiento en conjunto con usted. Se basará en sus necesidades y en la causa de la hipertensión pulmonar. El plan puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios de estilo de vida saludables&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;Alimentación sana&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo reducir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;, que puede realizarse mediante &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para controlar la velocidad con la que se bombea la sangre por todo el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para relajar los vasos sanguíneos y permitir que la sangre fluya mejor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para reducir la hinchazón (diuréticos)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Terapia de oxígeno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedimientos&lt;/strong&gt; para reducir la presión en el corazón o la arteria pulmonar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En algunos casos graves, un &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html" id="3634" language="English">Pulmonary Hypertension</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125">Enfermedades de los pulmones</related-topic>
<site title="Angiografía pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003813.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cor pulmonale" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000129.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad venooclusiva pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000075.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000075.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de difusión pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falta de aire" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/falta-de-aire-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000112.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión pulmonar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hipertension-pulmonar-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pulmonary-hypertension/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión pulmonar" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/hipertensi%C3%B3n-pulmonar/hipertensi%C3%B3n-pulmonar">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión pulmonar en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000345.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión pulmonar: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350702?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión pulmonar: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350697?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/lung-transplant">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El hipertiroidismo significa que la tiroides produce más hormonas tiroideas que las que el cuerpo necesita. Entérese cómo afecta a los procesos del cuerpo." title="Hipertiroidismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6178" language="Spanish" date-created="01/02/2014">
<also-called>Hiperfunción tiroidea</also-called>
<also-called>Hipertireosis</also-called>
<also-called>Tiroidismo</also-called>
<also-called>Tirotoxicosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el hipertiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El hipertiroidismo, o tiroides hiperactiva, ocurre cuando la glándula &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt; produce más hormonas tiroideas de las que su cuerpo necesita.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su tiroides es una pequeña glándula con forma de mariposa ubicada en la parte delantera de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan cómo el cuerpo usa la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos de su cuerpo y controlan muchas de las funciones más importantes de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, afectan su respiración, frecuencia cardíaca, peso, digestión y estados de ánimo. Si no se trata, el hipertiroidismo puede causar serios problemas del corazón, huesos, músculos, ciclo menstrual y fertilidad. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos que pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el hipertiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El hipertiroidismo tiene varias causas. Incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedad de Graves: Trastorno autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario ataca la tiroides y hace que produzca demasiada hormona. Es la causa más común&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nódulos tiroideos: Crecimientos en la tiroides. Suelen ser benignos (no cancerosos), pero pueden volverse hiperactivos y producir demasiada hormona tiroidea. Los nódulos tiroideos son más comunes en adultos mayores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiroiditis: Inflamación de la tiroides. Hace que la hormona tiroidea almacenada se filtre fuera de la glándula tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Demasiado yodo: El yodo se encuentra en algunos medicamentos, jarabes para la tos, algas y suplementos a base de algas. Tomar demasiado puede causar que su tiroides produzca demasiada hormona &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Demasiada medicina para la tiroides: Esto puede ocurrir si las personas que toman medicamentos para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;hipotiroidismo&lt;/a&gt; (tiroides hipoactiva) toman demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de hipertiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de hipertiroidismo si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es mujer&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Es mayor de 60 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha estado embarazada o tuvo un bebé en los últimos 6 meses&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido cirugía de tiroides o un problema de tiroides, como bocio&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; perniciosa, en la cual el cuerpo no puede producir suficientes glóbulos rojos sanos porque no tiene suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt; o insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria, un trastorno hormonal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consume demasiado yodo al comer grandes cantidades de alimentos o al usar medicamentos o suplementos que contienen yodo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hipertiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del hipertiroidismo pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nerviosismo o irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Problemas para tolerar el calor&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Temblor, generalmente en las manos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Latidos cardíacos irregulares&lt;/a&gt; o rápidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deposiciones frecuentes o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios de humor&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Bocio, un agrandamiento de la tiroides que puede hacer que su cuello se vea hinchado. A veces puede causar problemas para respirar o tragar&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los adultos mayores de 60 años pueden tener síntomas diferentes que los adultos más jóvenes. Por ejemplo, pueden perder el apetito o aislarse de otras personas. En ocasiones, esto puede confundirse con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión &lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el hipertiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si el hipertiroidismo no se trata, puede causar algunos problemas de salud graves, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Latido cardíaco irregular que puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; y otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;problemas cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Oftalmopatía de Graves: Una enfermedad del ojo que puede causar visión doble, sensibilidad a la luz y dolor ocular. En casos raros, puede llevar a una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Adelgazamiento de los huesos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Problemas de fertilidad en mujeres&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Complicaciones en el embarazo como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;bajo peso al nacer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;presión arterial alta en el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;pérdida del embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el hipertiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html"&gt;Pruebas para la tiroides&lt;/a&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Prueba de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/"&gt;TSH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/"&gt;T3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/"&gt;T4&lt;/a&gt; y análisis de sangre de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/"&gt;anticuerpos tiroideos&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imagen&lt;/a&gt;, como un examen de tiroides, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt; o prueba de absorción de yodo radioactivo, la que mide la cantidad de yodo radioactivo que su tiroides absorbe de su sangre después de tragar una pequeña cantidad&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipertiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el hipertiroidismo incluyen medicamentos, terapia con yodo radiactivo y cirugía de tiroides:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para el hipertiroidismo incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos antitiroideos: Hacen que su tiroides produzca menos hormona tiroidea. Es probable que necesite tomar los medicamentos durante 1 a 2 años. En algunos casos, es posible que deba tomarlos durante varios años. Este es el tratamiento más simple, pero a menudo no es una cura permanente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos betabloqueantes: Pueden reducir síntomas como temblores, latidos cardíacos rápidos y nerviosismo. Funcionan rápidamente y pueden ayudarlo a sentirse mejor hasta que otros tratamientos surtan efecto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Terapia con yodo radioactivo&lt;/strong&gt;: Tratamiento común y efectivo para el hipertiroidismo. Implica tomar yodo radioactivo por vía oral como una cápsula o líquido. Esto destruye lentamente las células de la glándula tiroides que producen la hormona tiroidea. No afecta a otros tejidos del cuerpo. Casi todas las personas que reciben tratamiento con yodo radiactivo desarrollan más tarde hipotiroidismo. Esto se debe a que las células productoras de hormona tiroidea han sido destruidas. Pero el hipotiroidismo es más fácil de tratar y causa menos problemas de salud a largo plazo que el hipertiroidismo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; para extirpar parte o la mayoría de la glándula tiroides: Se realiza en casos raros. Puede ser opción para personas con bocios grandes o mujeres embarazadas que no pueden tomar medicamentos antitiroideos. Si le extirpan toda la tiroides, deberá tomar medicamentos para la tiroides de por vida. Algunas personas a las que se les extirpa parte de la tiroides también deben tomar medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene hipertiroidismo, es importante no consumir demasiado yodo. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre qué alimentos, suplementos y medicamentos debe evitar.&lt;/p&gt;






&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6177" language="English">Hyperthyroidism</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html" id="6176">Hipotiroidismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" id="6372">Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides</related-topic>
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<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de yodo radioactivo (I-131) para hipertiroidismo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/radioiodine" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/radioiodine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroidectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100135_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100135_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroidectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroides y el peso" url="https://www.thyroid.org/tiroides-el-peso/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-and-weight/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis silenciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000388.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué es el hipo y cómo puede eliminarlo una vez que comienza? Entérese sobre los desencadenantes del hipo aquí." title="Hipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiccups.html" id="6085" language="Spanish" date-created="01/10/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el hipo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;¿Se ha preguntado alguna vez qué pasa cuando tiene hipo? El hipo consiste de dos partes. La primera es un movimiento involuntario de su diafragma, el músculo que se encuentra debajo de los pulmones. Es el principal músculo que se utiliza para respirar. La segunda parte del hipo consiste en un cierre rápido de sus cuerdas vocales. Esto es lo que causa el sonido "hip" del hipo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el hipo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El hipo puede comenzar y terminar sin una causa aparente. Pero a menudo ocurre cuando algo irrita su diafragma, como:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer demasiado rápido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer alimentos calientes o picantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar bebidas carbonatadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades que irritan los nervios que controlan el diafragma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse nervioso o emocionado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hinchazón del estómago &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos metabólicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos del sistema nervioso central&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo dejar de tener hipo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El hipo suele desaparecer por sí solo después de unos minutos. Es probable que haya escuchado algunas sugerencias sobre cómo curar el hipo. No hay pruebas de que funcionen, pero no son dañinas, por lo que puede probarlas. Estas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respirar dentro de una bolsa de papel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar o sorber agua fría de un vaso &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aguantar la respiración &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer gárgaras con agua helada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen hipo crónico. Esto significa que el hipo dura más de unos días o puede volver. El hipo crónico puede interferir con el sueño, comer, beber y hablar. Si tiene hipo crónico, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. Si tiene una afección que está causando el hipo, el tratamiento puede ayudar. De lo contrario, las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y otros procedimientos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiccups.html" id="6084" language="English">Hiccups</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Hipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003068.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-digestivos/hipo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/hiccups">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipo: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hiccups/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352618?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la causa del hipo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hiccup.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hiccup.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es importante conocer los síntomas relacionados con la hipoglucemia (tener la azúcar baja en la sangre).  Entérese aquí sobre las causas." title="Hipoglucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html" id="1966" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Azúcar baja en la sangre</also-called>
<also-called>Hipoglicemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la glucosa en sangre?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;, o azúcar en la sangre, es el azúcar principal 
que se encuentra en la sangre. Es la principal fuente de energía de su 
cuerpo. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Su cuerpo 
descompone la mayor parte de ese alimento en glucosa y la libera en el 
torrente sanguíneo. Cuando su glucosa en sangre sube, le indica a su 
páncreas que libere insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a 
que la glucosa entre en las células para ser utilizada como energía.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, el cuerpo no produce suficiente 
insulina, no puede usarla tan bien como debería, o ambas cosas a la 
vez. Eso provoca que demasiada glucosa permanezca en la sangre y 
no llegue a las células.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la hipoglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hipoglucemia significa baja glucosa. Ocurre cuando el nivel de 
glucosa en la sangre cae por debajo de lo que es saludable para 
usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para muchas personas con diabetes, esto significa un nivel de 
glucosa en sangre inferior a 70 mg/dL. Su número puede ser diferente. 
Hable con su equipo de atención médica para averiguar qué nivel de 
glucosa en sangre es demasiado bajo para usted&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para las personas que no tienen diabetes, la hipoglucemia suele 
ser un nivel de glucosa en sangre inferior a 55 mg/dL&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la hipoglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La hipoglucemia es común en personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;
o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; y toman insulina u otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Puede ocurrir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Como efecto secundario de la insulina o de otros medicamentos 
que ayudan al páncreas a liberar insulina en la sangre. Estos 
medicamentos pueden reducir su nivel de glucosa en sangre&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si no come o bebe suficientes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt;. Los carbohidratos 
son la principal fuente de glucosa del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si realiza mucha más actividad física de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si bebe demasiado alcohol sin suficiente comida&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cuando está enfermo y no puede comer lo suficiente o retener los 
alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque es raro, aún puede tener un nivel bajo de glucosa en la 
sangre sin tener diabetes. Las causas pueden incluir afecciones como 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del hígado&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades renales&lt;/a&gt; y deficiencias hormonales
(falta de ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt;). También puede ocurrir en personas que se 
han sometido a ciertos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;cirugía para perder peso&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos 
medicamentos, como ciertas medicinas para el corazón y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, 
también pueden causarlo. Consulte a su profesional de la salud para 
averiguar la causa de su nivel bajo de glucosa en sangre y cómo 
tratarlo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hipoglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre tienden a 
aparecer rápidamente. Los síntomas pueden ser diferentes para cada 
persona, pero pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Temblores &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Sudoración&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Nerviosismo o ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad o confusión&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hambre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hipoglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes, lo más probable es que necesite controlar su 
glucosa en sangre todos los días y asegurarse de que no sea 
demasiado baja. Puede hacerlo con un medidor de glucosa en sangre 
o un sistema de monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También hay &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; que los profesionales de salud 
pueden usar para verificar si su nivel de glucosa en la sangre es 
demasiado bajo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no tiene diabetes y tiene hipoglucemia, es probable que su 
proveedor solicite otras pruebas para tratar de averiguar la causa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hipoglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene hipoglucemia leve o moderada, comer o beber algo con 
carbohidratos puede ayudar. Pero la hipoglucemia grave puede causar 
complicaciones serias, como desmayo, coma o incluso la muerte. La 
hipoglucemia grave se puede tratar con glucagón, una hormona que 
eleva los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Se puede administrar como 
aerosol nasal o inyección. Si tiene diabetes, su profesional de la salud 
puede recetarle un kit de glucagón para usar en caso de una 
emergencia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes y con frecuencia su nivel de glucosa en la sangre 
es leve o moderado, su equipo de atención médica puede hacer 
cambios en su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;plan de alimentación para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, plan de actividad 
física y/o medicamentos para la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no tiene diabetes y sigue teniendo nivel bajo de glucosa en la 
sangre, el tratamiento dependerá de la causa que lo esté 
provocando.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la hipoglucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes y toma insulina u otros medicamentos que bajan 
la glucosa en sangre, puede ayudar a prevenir la hipoglucemia al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Seguir su plan de alimentación para la diabetes: Coma y beba 
suficientes carbohidratos para mantener su nivel de glucosa en la 
sangre dentro de su rango objetivo. También lleve consigo una fuente 
de carbohidratos de acción rápida, como tabletas de glucosa o una caja 
de jugo, en caso de que su glucosa en sangre baje demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Mantenerse seguro durante la actividad física: Controle su nivel 
de glucosa en sangre antes y después. Es posible que necesite comer 
un refrigerio antes de su actividad física&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si toma medicamentos para la diabetes, asegúrese de tomarlos 
correctamente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html" id="1264" language="English">Hypoglycemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Azúcar baja en la sangre</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de glucagón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-glucagon/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucagon-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Azúcar baja en sangre inducida por medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajo nivel de azúcar en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000386.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajo nivel de glucosa en la sangre (hipoglucemia)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/hipoglucemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/low-blood-glucose-hypoglycemia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando la concentración de azúcar en la sangre es demasiado baja" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hypoglycemia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando la concentración de azúcar en sangre es demasiado baja" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/low-blood-sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/low-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales por nivel bajo de azúcar en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de glucagón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003716.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del péptido C de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003701.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperinsulinemia: ¿Es diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoglucemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoglucemia diabética" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoglucemia en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007306.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007306.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoglucemia reactiva: ¿Qué puedo hacer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/reactive-hypoglycemia/faq-20057778?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/reactive-hypoglycemia/FAQ-20057778?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/insulina-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/insulin-in-blood/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de péptido C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-peptido-c/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-peptide-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La hipotermia ocurre cuando la temperatura del cuerpo  baja a menos de 95°F. Entérese sobre las causas más comunes y los síntomas." title="Hipotermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothermia.html" id="1967" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Temperatura baja del cuerpo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El clima frío puede afectar al cuerpo en formas diferentes. Usted puede sufrir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html"&gt;congelación&lt;/a&gt;, una lesión en el cuerpo causada por el congelamiento. Además, el cuerpo puede perder calor más rápido de lo que usted puede producirlo. El resultado es la hipotermia, o una temperatura corporal anormalmente baja. Puede causarle somnolencia, confusión y torpeza en los movimientos. Dado que ocurre en forma gradual y afecta el pensamiento, es posible que no se dé cuenta que necesita ayuda. Esto lo hace especialmente peligrosa. Una temperatura corporal por debajo de 95 °F (35 ºC) constituye una emergencia médica y puede conducir a la muerte si no se trata en forma rápida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona que pase mucho tiempo al aire libre en climas fríos puede tener hipotermia. También puede ocurrir por tener frío y estar mojado, o permanecer en aguas frías durante mucho tiempo. Los bebés y las personas mayores presentan un riesgo especial. Los bebés pueden tenerla por dormir en una habitación fría. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothermia.html" id="291" language="English">Hypothermia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html" id="5830">Congelación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4609">Emergencias causadas por el invierno</related-topic>
<see-reference>Daño causado por clima frío</see-reference>
<see-reference>Frío, Daño causado por</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clima frío y los adultos mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/seguridad/clima-frio-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/cold-weather-safety-older-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para mantener abrigados a los niños en el invierno" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para personas mayores cuando hacen ejercicio al aire libre" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir el congelamiento y la hipotermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000038.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotermia y congelación: más fácil de desarrollar de lo que se imagina" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotermia-y-congelacion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothermia-and-frostbite-easier-to-develop-than-you-might-think">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipotermia: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-hypothermia/basics/art-20056624?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-hypothermia/basics/ART-20056624?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia al frío" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003095.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peligros de la hipotermia: Manténgase abrigado en el clima frío" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-peligros-de-la-hipotermia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/12/hazards-hypothermia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga la hipotermia y la congelación" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El hipotiroidismo ocurre cuando la glándula tiroides no produce suficiente hormona tiroidea para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo. Entérese aquí." title="Hipotiroidismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html" id="6176" language="Spanish" date-created="01/02/2014">
<also-called>Hipofunción tiroidea</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia tiroidea</also-called>
<also-called>Mixedema</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el hipotiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El hipotiroidismo, o tiroides hipoactiva, ocurre cuando la glándula &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt; no produce suficientes hormonas tiroideas para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Su tiroides es una pequeña glándula con forma de mariposa ubicada en la parte delantera de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan cómo el cuerpo usa la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos de su cuerpo y controlan muchas de las funciones más importantes de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, afectan su respiración, frecuencia cardíaca, peso, digestión y estados de ánimo. Sin suficientes hormonas tiroideas, muchas de las funciones de su cuerpo se vuelven más lentas. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos que pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el hipotiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El hipotiroidismo tiene varias causas. Incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedad de Hashimoto: Trastorno autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario ataca la tiroides. Es la causa más común&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tiroiditis: Inflamación de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hipotiroidismo congénito: Hipotiroidismo presente al nacer&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Extracción quirúrgica de parte o la totalidad de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tratamiento de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt; de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En casos raros, una enfermedad de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html"&gt;glándula pituitaria&lt;/a&gt; o consumir demasiado o muy poco yodo en la dieta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de hipotiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene mayor riesgo de hipotiroidismo si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es mujer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Es mayor de 60 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Ha tenido un problema de tiroides anteriormente, como bocio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha tenido una cirugía para corregir un problema de tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha recibido radioterapia en la tiroides, el cuello o el tórax&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Estuvo embarazada o tuvo un bebé en los últimos 6 meses&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Turner&lt;/a&gt;, un trastorno genético que afecta a las mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; perniciosa, en la cual el cuerpo no puede producir suficientes glóbulos rojos sanos porque no tiene suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Sjögren&lt;/a&gt;, enfermedad que causa sequedad en los ojos y la boca&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;, enfermedad autoinmune que afecta las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;, enfermedad autoinmune crónica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hipotiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del hipotiroidismo pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento de peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Rostro hinchado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para tolerar el frío&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor articular y muscular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Piel seca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cabello seco y delgado&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Disminución de la sudoración&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;Períodos menstruales&lt;/a&gt; intensos o irregulares&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Problemas de fertilidad en mujeres&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Baja frecuencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bocio, un agrandamiento de la tiroides que puede hacer que su cuello se vea hinchado. A veces puede causar problemas para respirar o tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a que el hipotiroidismo se desarrolla lentamente, muchas personas no notan síntomas de la enfermedad durante meses o incluso años.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el hipotiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El hipotiroidismo puede contribuir al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol alto&lt;/a&gt;. En casos raros, el hipotiroidismo no tratado puede causar coma mixedematoso. Esta es una condición en la que las funciones de su cuerpo se ralentizan hasta el punto de poner en peligro la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante el embarazo, el hipotiroidismo puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;complicaciones&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;presión arterial alta en el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;pérdida del embarazo&lt;/a&gt;. También puede retrasar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;crecimiento y desarrollo del bebé&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el hipotiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de tiroides, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prueba de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/"&gt;TSH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/"&gt;T3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/"&gt;T4&lt;/a&gt; y análisis de sangre de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/"&gt;anticuerpos tiroideos&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de imagen como un examen de tiroides, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt; o prueba de absorción de yodo radioactivo, la que mide la cantidad de yodo radioactivo que su tiroides absorbe de su sangre después de tragar una pequeña cantidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipotiroidismo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El hipotiroidismo se trata con un medicamento para reemplazar la hormona que su propia tiroides no puede producir. Entre 6 a 8 semanas después de comenzar a tomar el medicamento se le realizará un análisis de sangre para verificar el nivel de su hormona tiroidea. Su profesional de la salud ajustará su dosis si es necesario. Cada vez que se ajuste su dosis, se le realizará otro análisis de sangre. Una vez que encuentre la dosis correcta, es probable que en 6 meses se someta a otro análisis de sangre. Después de eso, necesitará la prueba una vez al año.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si toma su medicamento de acuerdo con las instrucciones, debería poder controlar el hipotiroidismo. Nunca debe dejar de tomar su medicamento sin hablar primero con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene la enfermedad de Hashimoto u otros tipos de trastornos autoinmunes de la tiroides, puede ser sensible a los efectos secundarios nocivos del yodo. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué alimentos, suplementos y medicamentos debe evitar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las mujeres necesitan más yodo cuando están embarazadas porque el bebé obtiene yodo de la dieta de la madre. Si está embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la cantidad de yodo que necesita.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html" id="6175" language="English">Hypothyroidism</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidcancer.html" id="2195">Cáncer de tiroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html" id="2196">Enfermedades de la tiroides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6178">Hipertiroidismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" id="6372">Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cretinismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipotiroidismo congénito</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tiroides, Insuficiencia</see-reference>
<site title="Bocio nodular tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000317.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bocio simple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001178.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos breves sobre el hipotiroidismo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/datos-breves-sobre-el-hipotiroidismo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/fast-facts-about-hypothyroidism">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de yodo" url="https://www.thyroid.org/deficiencia-de-yodo/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Hashimoto" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12072/enfermedad-de-hashimoto/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Hashimoto" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/enfermedad-de-hashimoto" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hashimotos-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Hashimoto" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hashimotos-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hashimotos-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Hashimoto" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-hashimoto-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/hashimotos-disease.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de la tiroides" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/enfermedades-de-la-tiroides.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/thyroid-conditions.aspx">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la captación de T3 por resina (T3RU)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003688.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de T3" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003687.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de T4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo" url="https://www.thyroid.org/hipotiroidismo/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/hypothyroidism/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hipotiroidismo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hypothyroidism/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000353.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo (tiroides hipoactiva)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/hipotiroidismo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hypothyroidism">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo congénito" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/hipotiroidismo-congenito" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/congenital-hypothyroidism">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Endocrinología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo congénito" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congenital-hypothyroidism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congenital-hypothyroidism.html?WT.ac=pairedLink">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo e hipertiroidismo: ¿Cuál es la diferencia?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotiroidismo-e-hipertiroidismo-cual-es-la-diferencia" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothyroidism-vs-hyperthyroidism-whats-the-difference">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001193.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo y tiroiditis de Hashimoto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypothyroidism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypothyroidism.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo: ¿Los suplementos de calcio pueden interferir en el tratamiento?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/faq-20058536?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo: ¿Provoca dolor articular?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/faq-20057789?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/FAQ-20057789?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo: ¿Puede provocar neuropatía periférica?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/faq-20058489?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/FAQ-20058489?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="La nueva perspectiva de Ali Palmer sobre la belleza" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-nueva-perspectiva-de-ali-palmer-sobre-la-belleza" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ali-palmers-new-perspective-on-beauty">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Por qué Internet no puede diagnosticar su problema de tiroides" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/por-que-internet-no-puede-diagnosticar-su-problema-de-tiroides" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-the-internet-cant-diagnose-your-thyroid-problem">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tiroxina (T4)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de TSH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la tiroides" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de triyodotironina (T3)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapias más antiguas no son necesariamente mejores para el reemplazo de la hormona tiroidea" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/las-terapias-mas-antiguas-no-son-necesariamente-mejores-para-el-reemplazo-de-la-hormona-tiroidea" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/older-therapies-arent-necessarily-better-thyroid-hormone-replacement">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroides y el peso" url="https://www.thyroid.org/tiroides-el-peso/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-and-weight/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis crónica (enfermedad de Hashimoto)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000371.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis silenciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000388.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000375.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento con hormona tiroidea" url="https://www.thyroid.org/tratamiento-hormona-tiroidea/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-hormone-treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una histerectomía es una cirugía para extirpar el útero. Hay diferentes tipos histerectomías. Averigüe por qué se utilizan como tratamientos." title="Histerectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html" id="1968" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Extirpación del útero</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una histerectomía es una operación para extraer el útero de una mujer. El útero es donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. Una histerectomía interrumpirá sus períodos menstruales y no podrá volver a embarazarse. A veces en las operaciones también se extirpan los ovarios y las trompas de Falopio. Si se extirpan ambos ovarios, usted entrará en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico puede recomendarle una histerectomía si tiene:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;Fibromas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html"&gt;Endometriosis&lt;/a&gt;  que no responde a tratamiento con medicinas o cirugía  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Prolapso uterino: cuando el útero desciende hacia la vagina &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cáncer de útero, cuello uterino u ovarios &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Sangrado vaginal&lt;/a&gt; que persiste a pesar del tratamiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html"&gt;Dolor pélvico crónico&lt;/a&gt;: la cirugía puede ser un último recurso &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html" id="292" language="English">Hysterectomy</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Alta tras histerectomía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000275.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras histerectomía laparoscópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000276.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras histerectomía vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000285.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerectomía" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hysterectomy" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hysterectomy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002915.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002915.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100029_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100029_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ooforectomía (extirpación quirúrgica de los ovarios)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/oophorectomy/about/pac-20385030?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/oophorectomy/about/pac-20385030?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible tener cáncer de ovario después de una histerectomía?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/faq-20057780?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/FAQ-20057780?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Histoplasma. Learn about symptoms and treatment." title="Histoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html" id="5632" language="English" date-created="10/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungus&lt;/a&gt; called &lt;em&gt;Histoplasma&lt;/em&gt;. This fungus is common in the central and eastern United States, especially around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. It can also be found in parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. It lives in the environment, especially in soil that contains large amounts of bat or bird droppings (poop).&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How do you get histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You get histoplasmosis by breathing in &lt;em&gt;Histoplasma&lt;/em&gt; fungal spores from the air. It usually happens after you have been doing an activity that disturbs the soil, such as farming, construction, and landscaping. Histoplasmosis is not contagious. This means that you cannot get the infection from another person or an animal.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people who breathe in the spores never have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually start between 3 and 17 days after you breathe in the spores. The symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Body aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For most people, the symptoms of histoplasmosis will go away within a few weeks to a month. However, some people can have symptoms that last longer, especially if their infection becomes severe. Certain people are more likely to get a severe infection:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakened immune systems&lt;/a&gt;, for example from:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Having had an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Taking medicines which weaken your immune system, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infants&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults age 55 and over&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Severe histoplasmosis can develop into a long-term lung infection. It can also spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). This is known as disseminated histoplasmosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is histoplasmosis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have histoplasmosis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and your medical and travel history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order a blood, urine, or tissue test to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/"&gt;look for signs of the fungus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order a chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; of the lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For some people, the symptoms of histoplasmosis will go away without treatment. But you will need treatment if you have severe histoplasmosis in the lungs, chronic histoplasmosis, or an infection that has spread to other parts of the body. That treatment would be with prescription antifungal medicines. In some cases, you may need to take the medicines for 3 months to 1 year.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html" id="5633" language="Spanish">Histoplasmosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006660">Histoplasmosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538">Molds</related-topic>
<site title="About Histoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Histoplasmosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Histoplasmosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts and Stats about Histoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/php/statistics/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasma complement fixation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003527.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003527.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasma skin test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003838.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20373495?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20373495?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001082.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis - acute (primary) pulmonary" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000098.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Histoplasmosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reducing Risk for Histoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Histoplasmosis?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-histoplasmosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-histoplasmosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Histoplasmosis es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado histoplasma. Entérese sobre el diagnóstico y los exámenes necesarios aquí." title="Histoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html" id="5633" language="Spanish" date-created="10/05/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La histoplasmosis es una infección causada por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;hongo&lt;/a&gt; llamado &lt;em&gt;Histoplasma&lt;/em&gt;. Este hongo es común en el centro y este de los Estados Unidos, especialmente alrededor de los valles de los ríos Ohio y Mississippi. También se puede encontrar en partes de América Central y del Sur, África, Asia y Australia. Vive en el medio ambiente, especialmente en suelos que contienen grandes cantidades de excrementos de murciélagos o pájaros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se contrae la histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se contrae al respirar las esporas del hongo Histoplasma del aire. Por lo general, ocurre después de haber realizado una actividad que altera el suelo, como la agricultura, la construcción y el paisajismo. La histoplasmosis no es contagiosa, es decir, no se contrae la infección de otra persona o animal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que inhalan las esporas nunca presentan síntomas. Si hay síntomas, generalmente comienzan entre 3 y 17 días después de inhalar las esporas. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor corporal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las personas, los síntomas de la histoplasmosis desaparecen en unas pocas semanas o un mes. Sin embargo, otras pueden tener síntomas que duran más, especialmente si la infección se vuelve grave. Quienes tienen más probabilidades de contraer una infección grave incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistemas inmunitarios debilitados&lt;/a&gt;, por ejemplo por:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haber tenido un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órgano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar medicamentos que debilitan el sistema inmunitario, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bebés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 55 años o mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La histoplasmosis grave puede convertirse en una infección pulmonar a largo plazo. También puede propagarse desde los pulmones a otras partes del cuerpo, como el sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y la médula espinal). Esto se conoce como histoplasmosis diseminada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene histoplasmosis, su profesional de la salud médica:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica y de viajes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Probablemente solicitará un análisis de sangre, orina o tejido para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/"&gt;buscar signos del hongo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía&lt;/a&gt; de tórax o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; de los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la histoplasmosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para algunas personas, los síntomas de la histoplasmosis desaparecen sin tratamiento. Pero necesitará tratamiento si tiene histoplasmosis grave en los pulmones, histoplasmosis crónica o una infección que se ha extendido a otras partes del cuerpo. El tratamiento puede consistir en medicamentos antimicóticos recetados. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite tomarlos durante 3 meses a 1 año.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html" id="5632" language="English">Histoplasmosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<site title="Fijación del complemento para histoplasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003527.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003527.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001082.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20373495?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20373495?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis pulmonar aguda (primaria)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000098.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histoplasmosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373499?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protección de los trabajadores que tienen un riesgo de histoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/97-146_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-109/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba cutánea para histoplasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003838.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo fúngico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la histoplasmosis?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-histoplasmosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-histoplasmosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Su consultorio médico tiene la historia clínica de su salud, pero debería tener su propio registro. Aprenda cómo manejar sus expedientes médicos aquí." title="Historia clínica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html" id="3893" language="Spanish" date-created="01/11/2006">
<also-called>Expedientes médicos</also-called>
<also-called>Historia médica familiar</also-called>
<also-called>Registros del paciente</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Probablemente ha visto su historia clínica en el consultorio de su médico. De hecho, es posible que tenga varias historias clínicas en varios consultorios médicos. Si ha estado hospitalizado, también tiene una historia allí. Puede ser en papel o electrónico. Para poder seguirle el rastro a toda esta información, es una buena idea llevar sus propios registros de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;¿Qué tipo de información podría poner en una historia clínica personal? Podría comenzar con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Su nombre, fecha de nacimiento, tipo de sangre y contacto de emergencia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fecha de su último examen físico &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fechas y resultados de las pruebas y estudios &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades más importantes y cirugías, con fechas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Una lista de las medicinas que toma, sus dosis y durante cuánto tiempo las ha tomado &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cualquier tipo de alergia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cualquier enfermedad crónica &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Cualquier antecedente de enfermedades en su familia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html" id="3892" language="English">Personal Health Records</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html" id="4485">Historia familiar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html" id="2082">Seguridad del paciente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Confidencialidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Historia médica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paciente, Información privada del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Registros del paciente</see-reference>
<site title="Como leer su informe de radiología" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creando un diario de salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/creando-un-diario-de-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/creating-a-health-journal/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Historia clínica electrónica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ehrs.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Historia clínica electrónica (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ehr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ehr.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Portales para pacientes: Una herramienta en línea para su salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000880.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Registros médicos (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/medical-records.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/medical-records.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ver las notas clínicas en el historial médico electrónico de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/clinical-notes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/clinical-notes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una historia clínica?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medhist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medhist.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Saber su historia familiar no consiste solo en su árbol genealógico. Es una herramienta útil para conocer la salud de su familia. Vea cómo aquí." title="Historia familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html" id="4485" language="Spanish" date-created="02/11/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su historia familiar incluye la información acerca de su salud y la de sus parientes cercanos. La historia familiar es un factor de riesgo importante para problemas como la insuficiencia cardiaca, derrame cerebral, diabetes y cáncer. Un factor de riesgo es cualquier cosa que aumente sus posibilidades de adquirir una enfermedad. El motivo por el cual la historia familiar puede ayudar a predecir el riesgo es que las familias comparten sus genes, así como otros factores que afectan la salud, como el ambiente, el estilo de vida y los hábitos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tener un familiar con una enfermedad aumenta su riesgo, pero no significa que la tendrá. Conocer que usted corre este riesgo le da la oportunidad de disminuirlo siguiendo un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html"&gt;estilo de vida más sano&lt;/a&gt; y sometiéndose a los exámenes necesarios. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede empezar hablando con sus familiares sobre su salud. Haga un árbol genealógico y agréguele la información de salud. También es útil tener copias de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html"&gt;registros&lt;/a&gt; médicos y las actas de defunción.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html" id="4484" language="English">Family History</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Asesoramiento genético: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) attacks the body’s immune system. There is no cure but it can be treated with medicines. To know if you have HIV, get tested." title="HIV" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>AIDS</also-called>
<also-called>Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome</also-called>
<also-called>Human immunodeficiency virus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This puts you at risk for other infections and diseases.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What is AIDS?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the final stage of infection with HIV. It happens when the body's immune system is badly damaged because of the virus. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does HIV spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIV is spread through certain body fluids from a person who has HIV. This can happen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;By having unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a person who has HIV. "Unprotected" means not using condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV. This is the most common way that it spreads.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;By sharing drug needles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through contact with the blood of a person with HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From mother to baby during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, childbirth, or breastfeeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for HIV infection?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get HIV, but certain groups have a higher risk of getting it:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have another &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI). Having an STI can increase your risk of getting or spreading HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who inject drugs with shared needles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gay and bisexual men.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Black/African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans. They make up a higher proportion of new HIV diagnoses and people with HIV, compared to other races and ethnicities.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms or medicine to prevent or treat HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Factors such as stigma, discrimination, income, education, and geographic region can also affect people's risk for HIV.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first signs of HIV infection may be flu-like symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;Rash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;Sore throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mouth ulcers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These symptoms may come and go within two to four weeks. This stage is called acute HIV infection.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If the infection is not treated, it becomes chronic HIV infection. Often, there are no symptoms during this stage. If it is not treated, eventually the virus will weaken your body's immune system. Then the infection will progress to AIDS. This is the late stage of HIV infection. Because your immune system is badly damaged, your body cannot fight off other infections, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html"&gt;opportunistic infections&lt;/a&gt; (OIs). OIs are infections that happen more frequently or are more severe in people who have weakened immune systems.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some people may not feel sick during the earlier stages of HIV infection. So the only way to know for sure whether you have HIV is to get tested.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know if I have HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; can tell if you have HIV infection. Your health care provider can do the test, or you can use a home testing kit. You can also use the &lt;a href="https://gettested.cdc.gov/" target="_blank"&gt;CDC Testing Locator&lt;/a&gt; to find free testing sites.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for HIV infection, but it can be treated with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;. This is called antiretroviral therapy (ART).  ART can make HIV infection a manageable chronic condition. It also reduces the risk of spreading the virus to others.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Most people with HIV live long and healthy lives if they get ART as soon as possible and stay on it. It's also important to take care of yourself. Making sure that you have the support you need, living a healthy lifestyle, and getting regular medical care can help you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html"&gt;enjoy a better quality of life&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Can HIV infection be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can reduce the risk of getting or spreading HIV by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Getting tested for HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choosing less risky sexual behaviors. This includes limiting the number of sexual partners you have and using latex condoms every time you have sex. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting tested and treated for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not injecting drugs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talking to your health care provider about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html"&gt;medicines to prevent HIV&lt;/a&gt;:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who don't already have HIV but are at very high risk of getting it. PrEP is daily medicine that can reduce this risk.&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV. It is only for emergency situations. PEP must be started within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726" language="Spanish">VIH</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015658">HIV Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000163">Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html" id="1503">HIV and Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470">HIV and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivinwomen.html" id="5737">HIV in Women</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287">HIV Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" id="7347">HIV: PrEP and PEP</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kaposisarcoma.html" id="481">Kaposi Sarcoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html" id="1502">Living with HIV</related-topic>
<see-reference>AIDS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Human Immunodeficiency Virus</see-reference>
<site title="About HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asymptomatic HIV infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000682.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CD4 Lymphocyte Count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cd4-lymphocyte-count/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/recuento-de-linfocitos-cd4/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinicalinfo: Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Acquired+Immunodeficiency+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: HIV Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22HIV+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: HIV/AIDS Vaccines" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22HIV+vaccine%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV and Gay and Bisexual Men" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/gay-bisexual-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/group/msm/index.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV and Transgender People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/transgender-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/group/gender/transgender/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV in the US by Age" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/age.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/group/age/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV in the US by Race and Ethnicity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/race-ethnicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/group/racialethnic/other-races/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Tested for HIV" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/hiv-and-other-stds/get-tested-hiv">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get the Facts about HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_WhatIsHIV_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_WhatIsHIV_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get the Facts about HIV Medical Care" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_508c_0.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get the Facts about HIV Medicines" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Medicines_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Medicines_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get the Facts about HIV Testing" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_GetTested_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_GetTested_SP_508c.pdf">
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting Tested for HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/spanish/hiv-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and AIDS" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-hiv.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and AIDS Clinical Trials" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-clinical-trials" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/ensayos-clinicos-sobre-la-infeccion-por-el-vihsida">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and AIDS: The Basics" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/vih-y-el-sida-conceptos-basicos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Tuberculosis (TB)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-tuberculosis-tb" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-la-tuberculosis-tb">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Data" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp-newsroom/es/factsheets/las-cifras-del-vih-en-los-ee-uu-2021.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV in Women: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivinwomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsinwomen.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Life Cycle" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-life-cycle" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-ciclo-de-vida-del-vih">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsmedicines.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Risk and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/basics/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV Screening Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Viral Load" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-viral-load/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-carga-viral/">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV, AIDS, and Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-and-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vih-sida/vih-sida-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov" url="https://www.hiv.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV/AIDS" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000594.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV: PrEP and PEP: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIVinfo" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/home-page">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do People Get AIDS?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/aids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/aids.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How HIV Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/causes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/basics/transmission.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Protect Yourself from Getting HIV through Drug Use" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_DrugUse_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_DrugUse_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Protect Yourself from Getting HIV through Sex" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Sex_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Sex_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Stay Healthy with HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Take Care of Your Mental Health with HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Primary Infection" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/human-immunodeficiency-virus-primary-infection-hiv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Information Regarding the OraQuick In-Home HIV Test" url="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/information-regarding-oraquick-home-hiv-test">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microbicides" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/potential-future-options/microbicides">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV/AIDS" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22HIV+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Acquired+Immunodeficiency+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screening and diagnosis for HIV" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003538.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use and HIV Risk" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/reducing-risk-from-alcohol-and-drug-use/substance-use-and-hiv-risk">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of HIV" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://www.hiv.gov/es/informacion-basica/descripcion-general/acerca-del-vih-y-sida/sintomas-del-vih/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="T-cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Basics of HIV Prevention" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/basics-hiv-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/conceptos-basicos-sobre-la-prevencion-de-la-infeccion-por-el-vih">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations for Adults with HIV Infection" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4041.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are HIV and AIDS?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hiv.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Preventive HIV Vaccine?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-preventive-hiv-vaccine" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-una-vacuna-preventiva-contra-el-vih">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Therapeutic HIV Vaccine?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-therapeutic-hiv-vaccine" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-una-vacuna-terapeutica-contra-el-vih">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to Do after Finding Out You Have HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Having HIV weakens your body's immune system. This can lead to serious infections that are called opportunistic infections (OIs). Read more." title="HIV and Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html" id="1503" language="English" date-created="07/02/2001">
<also-called>AIDS-related opportunistic infections</also-called>
<also-called>OIs</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Having HIV/AIDS weakens your body's immune system. It destroys the white blood cells that fight infection. This puts you at risk for opportunistic infections (OIs). OIs are serious infections that take advantage of your weak immune system. These infections are less common and less severe in healthy people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many types of OIs:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacterial infections, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt; and a serious related disease, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html"&gt;Mycobacterium avium complex&lt;/a&gt; (MAC)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viral infections, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cytomegalovirusinfections.html"&gt;cytomegalovirus&lt;/a&gt; (CMV) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Fungal infections, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;yeast infections&lt;/a&gt;, cryptococcal meningitis, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html"&gt;pneumocystis carinii pneumonia&lt;/a&gt; (PCP) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html"&gt;histoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parasitic infections, such as crypto (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html"&gt;cryptosporidiosis&lt;/a&gt;) and toxo (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having HIV/AIDS can make infections harder to treat. People with HIV/AIDS are also more likely to have complications from common illnesses such as the flu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent infections by taking your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsmedicines.html"&gt;HIV/AIDS medicines&lt;/a&gt;. Other things that can help include practicing safe sex, washing your hands well and often, and cooking your food thoroughly.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html" id="1727" language="Spanish">VIH y las infecciones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017088">AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="1591">Cryptosporidiosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html" id="5863">Genital Herpes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html" id="1286">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html" id="286">Herpes Simplex</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html" id="5632">Histoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287">HIV Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" id="7347">HIV: PrEP and PEP</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html" id="1502">Living with HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="1510">Pneumocystis Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html" id="1214">Toxoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html" id="41">Tuberculosis</related-topic>
<see-reference>AIDS and Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Opportunistic Infections in AIDS</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinicalinfo: Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=opportunistic+infections+AIDS&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryptococcosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001328.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and People Living with HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/hiv-flu.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety for Older Adults and People with Cancer, Diabetes, HIV/AIDS, Organ Transplants, and Autoimmune Diseases" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/food-safety-older-adults-and-people-cancer-diabetes-hivaids-organ-transplants-and-autoimmune">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Diseases and HIV/AIDs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/risk-factors/hiv-aids.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and COVID-19" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Immunizations" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-immunizations" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-inmunizaciones">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hiv-and-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-vih-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsmedicines.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov" url="https://www.hiv.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov Clinical Info: Clinical Guidelines" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV/AIDS &amp; Oral Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hiv-aids" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/vih-sida-y-la-salud-oral">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIVinfo" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/home-page">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Stay Healthy with HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum contagiosum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000826.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox and HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/about/mpox-and-hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/prevention/hiv.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurological Complications of HIV and AIDS" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neurological-complications-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sida-y-vih-complicaciones-neurologicas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumocystis Infections: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000671.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/leucoencefalopatia-multifocal-progresiva">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000674.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22AIDS-Related+Opportunistic+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of HIV Infection" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/stages-hiv-infection" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/las-fases-de-la-infeccion-por-el-vih">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TB Risk and People with HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/risk-factors/hiv.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000637.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Valley Fever" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="HIV positive and pregnant or thinking about HIV and pregnancy? Learn how with early testing and medication you can significantly lower your risk of passing HIV to your baby." title="HIV and Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470" language="English" date-created="05/07/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant, it's important to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/"&gt;get tested for HIV&lt;/a&gt; as soon as possible. If you find out that do have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, you can start treatment right away to protect your health and the health of your baby.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;If I have HIV, can I pass it on to my baby during pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are pregnant and have HIV, there is a risk of passing HIV to your baby. It can happen in three ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During childbirth, especially if it is vaginal childbirth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During breastfeeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But having HIV doesn't mean that you can't have children. Treatment with a combination of HIV medicines can help prevent passing HIV to your baby and protect your own health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;If I have HIV, how can I prevent giving it to my baby?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several different steps you can take to help prevent passing HIV to your baby:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;Taking HIV medicines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. HIV medicines reduce the amount of HIV in the body (viral load) to a very low level. The goal is to get your viral load so low that a standard lab test can't detect it. This is called having an "undetectable viral load." Having an undetectable viral load is the best thing you can do to stay healthy and prevent your baby from getting HIV.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

These medicines will also help protect your health. Most HIV medicines are safe to use during pregnancy. They don't usually raise the risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt;. But it is important to talk with your health care provider about the risks and benefits of the different medicines. Together you can decide which medicines are right for you. Then you need to make sure you take your medicines regularly.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If needed, having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;cesarean delivery&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; If your viral load is not reduced enough by the medicines, having a cesarean delivery (C-Section) can help prevent passing HIV to your baby. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Giving HIV medicines to the baby.&lt;/strong&gt; Your baby will get HIV medicines as soon as possible after birth. The medicines protect your baby from infection from any HIV that passed from you during childbirth. Which medicine your baby gets depends on several factors, including what your viral load was just before you gave birth. Your baby will need to take medicines for 4 to 6 weeks. He or she will get several HIV tests over the first few months.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not breastfeeding.&lt;/strong&gt; Breast milk can have HIV in it. In the United States, infant formula is safe and readily available. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that if you have HIV, you should feed your baby formula instead of breastfeeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What if I want to get pregnant and my partner has HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are trying to get pregnant, it's important for your partner to also get tested for HIV. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your partner does have HIV and you do not, talk to your provider about taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html"&gt;PrEP&lt;/a&gt;. PrEP stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. This means taking medicines to prevent HIV. The PrEP helps to protect both you and your baby from HIV.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728" language="Spanish">VIH y el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015658">HIV Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011247">Pregnancy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivandpregnancy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html" id="1503">HIV and Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287">HIV Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" id="7347">HIV: PrEP and PEP</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html" id="1502">Living with HIV</related-topic>
<see-reference>AIDS and Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy and AIDS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy and HIV</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinicalinfo: Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=HIV+AND+%28pregnancy+OR+perinatal%29&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/illnesses-conditions/hiv.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/hiv-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search_Patient_Education_Pamphlets_Spanish/Files/El_VIH_y_el_embarazo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV Medicines during Pregnancy and Childbirth" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-medicines-during-pregnancy-and-childbirth" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/medicamentos-contra-el-vih-durante-el-embarazo-y-parto">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov" url="https://www.hiv.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV/AIDS in pregnant women and infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007689.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIVinfo" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/home-page">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/preventing-perinatal-transmission-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/prevencion-de-la-transmision-perinatal-del-vih">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV after Birth" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/preventing-perinatal-transmission-hiv-after-birth" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/prevencion-de-la-transmision-perinatal-del-vih-despues-del-parto">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22HIV+Infections%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Women who have HIV are at higher risk of certain infections, cancers, and diseases. There is no cure but there are treatments and medicines to prevent HIV." title="HIV in Women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivinwomen.html" id="5737" language="English" date-created="01/05/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This puts you at risk for other infections and diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does HIV spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIV can spread in different ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;By having unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a person who has HIV. "Unprotected" means not using condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV. This is the most common way it spreads.
  &lt;ul&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Anal sex is the riskiest type of sex for getting or spreading HIV. The rectum's lining is thin and may allow HIV to enter the body during anal sex.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;During vaginal sex, HIV can enter the body through the delicate tissue that lines the vagina and cervix.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rarely, through oral sex with a person who has HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;By sharing drug needles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through contact with the blood of a person who has HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From mother to baby during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, childbirth, or breastfeeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does HIV affect women differently from men?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;About one in four people in the United States who have HIV are women. Women who have HIV have some different problems from men:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Complications such as 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Repeated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;vaginal yeast infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html"&gt;pelvic inflammatory disease&lt;/a&gt; (PID)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; A higher risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cervical cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;Menstrual cycle problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A higher risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A higher risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, especially &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attacks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entering &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt; younger or having more severe hot flashes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Different, sometimes more severe, side effects from the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicines that treat HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drug interactions between some HIV medicines and hormonal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The risk of giving HIV to their baby while &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; or during childbirth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Are there treatments for HIVS?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure, but there are many medicines to treat both HIV infection and the infections and cancers that come with it. People who get early treatment can&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html"&gt; live longer and healthier lives&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html" id="5738" language="Spanish">VIH en mujeres</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015658">HIV Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hivinwomen.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470">HIV and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287">HIV Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" id="7347">HIV: PrEP and PEP</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html" id="1502">Living with HIV</related-topic>
<see-reference>AIDS in Women</see-reference>
<site title="Clinicalinfo: Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: HIV/AIDS in Women" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22HIV+infections%22+AND+women&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV and Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/women.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/group/gender/women/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Pregnancy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsandpregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsandpregnancy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Women (Based on Assigned Sex at Birth)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-women-based-assigned-sex-birth" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-mujeres-basado-en-el-sexo-asignado-al-nacer">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Prevention" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-prevention">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV Testing" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-and-aids-basics/hiv-testing" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-and-aids-basics/hiv-testing">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov" url="https://www.hiv.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIVinfo" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/home-page">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV in Women" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22HIV+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Women and HIV" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/women-and-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and HIV: Get the Facts on HIV Testing, Prevention, and Treatment" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-hiv-get-facts-hiv-testing-prevention-and-treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/las-mujeres-y-el-vih-women-and-hiv">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are several different types of HIV medicines. They do not cure HIV, but fight the infection. Learn more about these medicines." title="HIV Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287" language="English" date-created="04/24/2006">
<also-called>Antiretroviral therapy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying CD4 cells. These are a type of white blood cells that fight infection. The loss of these cells makes it hard for your body to fight off &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt; and certain HIV-related cancers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and advance to AIDS. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the final stage of infection with HIV. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The treatment of HIV with medicines is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). It involves taking a combination of medicines every day. ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. The medicines do not cure HIV infection, but help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. They also reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do HIV medicines work?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIV medicines reduce the amount of HIV (viral load) in your body, which helps by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Giving your immune system a chance to recover. Even though there is still some HIV in your body, your immune system should be strong enough to fight off infections and certain HIV-related cancers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducing the risk that you will spread HIV to others.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of HIV medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different types (called classes) of HIV medicines. Some work by blocking or changing enzymes that HIV needs to make copies of itself. This prevents HIV from copying itself, which reduces the amount of HIV in the body. Several types of medicines do this:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)&lt;/strong&gt; block an enzyme called reverse transcriptase&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)&lt;/strong&gt; bind to and later change reverse transcriptase&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Integrase inhibitors&lt;/strong&gt;, also called integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), block an enzyme called integrase&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Protease inhibitors (PIs)&lt;/strong&gt; block an enzyme called protease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some types of HIV medicines interfere with HIV's ability to infect CD4 immune system cells:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fusion inhibitors&lt;/strong&gt; block HIV from entering the cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CCR5 antagonists and post-attachment inhibitors&lt;/strong&gt; block different molecules on the CD4 cells. To infect a cell, HIV has to bind to two types of molecules on the cell's surface. Blocking either of these molecules prevents HIV from entering the cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Attachment inhibitors&lt;/strong&gt; bind to a specific protein on the outer surface of HIV. This prevents HIV from entering the cell.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pharmacokinetic enhancers&lt;/strong&gt; are another type of medicine. They are sometimes taken along with certain other HIV medicines. Pharmacokinetic enhancers increase the effectiveness of the other medicine. They work by slowing the breakdown of the other medicine. This allows that medicine to stay in the body longer at a higher concentration.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also &lt;strong&gt;multidrug combinations&lt;/strong&gt;, which include a combination of two or more different types of HIV medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When do I need to start taking HIV medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's important to start taking HIV medicines as soon as possible after your diagnosis, especially if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have AIDS&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain HIV-related illnesses and infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an early HIV infection (the first 6 months after infection with HIV)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What else do I need to know about taking HIV medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You and your health care provider will work together to come up with a personal treatment plan. This plan will be based on many factors, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The possible side effects of HIV medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Potential &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;drug interactions&lt;/a&gt; with any other medicines you take&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many medicines you will need to take every day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Any other health problems you may have&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's important to take your medicines every day, according to the instructions from your provider. If you miss doses or don't follow a regular schedule, your treatment may not work, and the HIV virus may become resistant to the medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;HIV medicines can cause side effects. Most of these side effects are manageable, but a few can be serious. Tell your provider about any side effects that you are having. Don't stop taking your medicine without first talking to your provider. There may be steps you can take to help manage the side effects. In some cases, your provider may decide to change your medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are HIV PrEP and PEP medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIV medicines are not just used for treatment. Some people take them to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html"&gt;prevent HIV&lt;/a&gt;. PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who don't already have HIV but are at very high risk of getting it. PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Office of AIDS Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="HIV: PrEP and PEP: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html">
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<health-topic meta-desc="PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) and PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) are HIV prevention methods where medicines or injection for PrEP are prescribed before (pre) or post (after) there is exposure to HIV. Discover more about treatment as prevention." title="HIV: PrEP and PEP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" id="7347" language="English" date-created="12/04/2019">
<also-called>Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are PrEP and PEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PrEP and PEP are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt; to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;. Each type is used in a different situation:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PrEP&lt;/strong&gt; stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is for people who don't already have HIV but are at risk of getting it. PrEP is medicine that can reduce this risk. It can either be a pill that you take every day or an injection that you get every two months. With PrEP, if you do get exposed to HIV, the medicine can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading throughout your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PEP&lt;/strong&gt; stands for post-exposure prophylaxis. PEP is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV. It is only for emergency situations. PEP must be started within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who should consider taking PrEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PrEP can help protect you if you don't have HIV and any of these applies to you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You have had anal or vaginal sex&lt;/strong&gt; in the past 6 months and:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Have a sexual partner with HIV,&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Have not consistently used a condom, &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Have been diagnosed with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI) in the past 6 months&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You inject drugs&lt;/strong&gt; and:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Share needles or other equipment to inject drugs &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Have an injection partner with HIV&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You have been prescribed PEP&lt;/strong&gt; and:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Continue engaging in high-risk behaviors &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Have used multiple courses of PEP&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a partner who is HIV-positive and are considering getting pregnant, talk to your health care provider about PrEP. Taking it may help protect you and your baby from getting HIV infection while you try to get pregnant, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, or while breastfeeding.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How well does PrEP work?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PrEP is very effective when you take it consistently. It reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99%. In people who inject drugs, it reduces the risk of HIV by at least 74%. PrEP is much less effective if you do not take it consistently.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PrEP does not protect against other STIs, so you should still use latex condoms every time you have sex. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You must have an HIV test every 3 months while taking PrEP, so you'll have regular follow-up visits with your health care provider. If you are having trouble taking PrEP every day or if you want to stop taking PrEP, talk to your provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Does PrEP cause side effects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people taking PrEP may have side effects, like nausea. The side effects are usually not serious and often get better over time. If you are taking PrEP, tell your provider if you have a side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis)&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who should consider taking PEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are HIV-negative and you think you may have been recently exposed to HIV, contact your health care provider immediately or go to an emergency room right away.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be prescribed PEP if you are HIV negative or don't know your HIV status, and in the last 72 hours you may have been exposed to HIV:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During sex, for example if a condom broke during sex with someone who could have HIV,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through the sharing of needles or drug preparation equipment, &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html"&gt;sexual assault&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider or emergency room doctor will help to decide whether PEP is right for you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PEP may also be given to a health care worker after a possible exposure to HIV at work, for example, from a needlestick injury.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When should I start PEP and how long do I need to take it?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PEP must be started within 72 hours (3 days) after a possible exposure to HIV. The sooner you start it, the better; every hour counts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You need to take the PEP medicines every day for 28 days. You will have to see your provider at certain times during and after taking the PEP, so you can have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/"&gt;HIV screening test&lt;/a&gt; and other testing.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Does PEP cause side effects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people taking PEP may have side effects, like nausea. The side effects are usually not serious and often get better over time. If you are taking PEP, tell your provider if you have a side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PEP medicines may also interact with other medicines that a person is taking (called a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;drug interaction&lt;/a&gt;). So it's important to tell your provider about any other medicines that you take.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can I take PEP every time I have unprotected sex?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PEP is only for emergency situations. It is not the right choice for people who may be exposed to HIV frequently - for example, if you often have sex without a condom with a partner who is HIV-positive. In that case, you should talk to your health care provider about whether PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) would be right for you.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html" id="7348" language="Spanish">VIH: PrEP y PEP</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D056990">Post-Exposure Prophylaxis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065129">Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287">HIV Medicines</related-topic>
<see-reference>PEP</see-reference>
<see-reference>PrEP</see-reference>
<site title="All About PrEP!" url="https://www.greaterthan.org/stories-ask-the-hiv-doc-all-about-prep/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Greater Than AIDS</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis)" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=HIV&amp;intr=%22post-exposure+prophylaxis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis)" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=HIV&amp;intr=PrEP+OR+%22pre-exposure+prophylaxis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov Clinical Info: Clinical Guidelines" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/profilaxis-posexposicion-pep">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/pre-exposure-prophylaxis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PrEP 101" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resourcelibrary/infosheets/cdc_hiv_consumer_info_sheet_prep101_2024_508.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PrEP for Women" url="https://www.thewellproject.org/hiv-information/prep-women">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>The Well Project</organization>
</site>
<site title="PrEP Services Locator" url="https://pleaseprepme.org/find-a-provider/" language-mapped-url="https://www.pleaseprepme.org/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>PleasePrEPMe</organization>
</site>
<site title="PrEP vs. PEP" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/prep-vs-pep" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/prep-frente-pep">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV: PrEP and PEP" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pre-Exposure+Prophylaxis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Post-Exposure+Prophylaxis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is PEP?" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_PEP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_PEP_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hives is a skin rash that can cause the skin to be red and have itchy bumps. Learn possible reasons to have rashes and treatments." title="Hives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html" id="289" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<also-called>Urticaria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hives are red and sometimes itchy bumps on your skin. An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergic reaction&lt;/a&gt; to a drug or food usually causes them. Allergic reactions cause your body to release chemicals that can make your skin swell up in hives. People who have other allergies are more likely to get hives than other people.  Other causes include infections  and stress.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hives are very common.  They usually go away on their own, but if you have a serious case, you might need medicine or a shot. In rare cases, hives can cause a dangerous swelling in your airways, making it hard to breathe - which is a medical emergency.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html" id="1959" language="Spanish">Urticaria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014581">Urticaria</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Urticaria</see-reference>
<site title="Allergic Skin Conditions" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/allergic-skin-conditions">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology" url="https://www.aaaai.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000846.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urticaria" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urticaria%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold Urticaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-urticaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371046?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cold-urticaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371046?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise-Induced Urticaria" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-urticaria/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/urticaria-ronchas-inducida-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Allergist/Immunologist" url="https://allergist.aaaai.org/find/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help with Hives" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hives.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hives.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Hives.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/hives.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000845.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives (Urticaria)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/urticaria-hives?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives (Urticaria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hives.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hives.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives (Urticaria)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/urticaria-hives?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives (Urticaria)" url="https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/hives/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives (Urticaria) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hives.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hives and Angioedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications and Drug Allergic Reactions" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/medications-and-drug-allergic-reactions" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/reacciones-alergicas-a-medicamentos-y-farmacos-con">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/plcg2-associated-antibody-deficiency-and-immune-dysregulation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hives" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urticaria%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skin Allergy Quiz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy/skin-allergy-quiz">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sun Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria (Hives) and Angioedema" url="https://www.aaaai.org/about/news/for-media/media-gallery/urticaria-(hives)-and-angioedema">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vibratory urticaria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vibratory-urticaria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma, cancer of the lymph system. It is serious but can usually be cured if found and treated early. Learn more." title="Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hodgkinlymphoma.html" id="1262" language="English" date-created="03/15/2000">
<also-called>Hodgkin Disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Hodgkin lymphoma? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hodgkin lymphoma, also called Hodgkin disease, is a type of cancer that develops in the lymph system. Your lymph system is part of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt;. It helps protect your body from infection and disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The lymph system is made up of tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells. It includes your:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;Bone marrow&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lymph nodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lymphatic vessels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html"&gt;Spleen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thymus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tonsils&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the main types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html"&gt;lymphoma&lt;/a&gt;. The other is non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Each type starts in different types of white blood cells.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Hodgkin lymphoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of Hodgkin lymphoma is unknown. But there are certain people who are at higher risk of developing it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop Hodgkin lymphoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors can make you more likely to develop Hodgkin lymphoma:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Hodgkin lymphoma is most common in early adulthood (age 20-39 years) and in late adulthood (age 65 years and older).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being male.&lt;/strong&gt; The risk of adult Hodgkin lymphoma is slightly higher in males than in females.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Past Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.&lt;/strong&gt; Having an infection with EBV as a young child or teenager increases your risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A family history of Hodgkin lymphoma.&lt;/strong&gt; Having a parent or sibling with Hodgkin lymphoma increases your risk of developing it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painless, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; for no known reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drenching night sweats (very heavy sweating during sleep)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no known reason in the past 6 months&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html"&gt;Itchy&lt;/a&gt; skin, especially after bathing or drinking alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have Hodgkin lymphoma, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and medical history. This will include checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order some lab tests, such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;Complete blood count&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Blood chemistry studies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/"&gt;Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/"&gt;Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Blood tests to rule out other medical conditions&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;May do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pet-scan/"&gt;PET&lt;/a&gt; (positron emission tomography) scans&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;May do a lymph node &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Hodgkin lymphoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for Hodgkin lymphoma include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Cancer immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hodgkin lymphoma can usually be cured if it is found and treated early.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hodgkinlymphoma.html" id="1960" language="Spanish">Linfoma de Hodgkin</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006689">Hodgkin Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hodgkinlymphoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html" id="117">Lymphoma</related-topic>
<site title="Advances in Lymphoma Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Count Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hodgkin Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hodgkin+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/hodgkin-lymphoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ferritin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about AIDS-Related Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#section/_1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#section/_101">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin lymphoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000580.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin Lymphoma (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hodgkin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hodgkin.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin lymphoma in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007685.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin's Lymphoma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20352646?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin's vs. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: What's the Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/expert-answers/lymphoma/FAQ-20058546?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/expert-answers/lymphoma/faq-20058546?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Integrative Medicine and Complementary and Alternative Therapies" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society" url="https://www.lls.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living As a Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphoma Research Foundation" url="https://lymphoma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Lymphoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopy with biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Needle Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hodgkin+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="T-cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/treating/nlphd.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/tratamiento/linfoma-hodgkin-con-predominio-linfocitario-nodular.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_57" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_57">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_51" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#_51">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Primary Refractory/Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_115" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#_115">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Lymphoma and Cancer-Related Fatigue" url="https://lymphoma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/LRF_Understanding_Lymphoma_Cancer_Related_Fatigue_Factsheet_2023.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Lymphoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Hodgkin Lymphoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/about/what-is-hodgkin-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/acerca/que-es-enfermedad-de-hodgkin.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New In Hodgkin Lymphoma Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una dislocación del hombro es una lesión que ocurre cuando la articulación se sale de su sitio. Síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamientos." title="Hombro dislocado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html" id="6928" language="Spanish" date-created="05/15/2018">
<also-called>Dislocación del hombro</also-called>
<also-called>Luxación del hombro</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un hombro dislocado?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La articulación del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hombro&lt;/a&gt; está formada por tres huesos: la clavícula, el omóplato y el húmero (el hueso superior del brazo). La parte superior del húmero tiene forma de bola. Esta bola va adentro del hueco que forma el omóplato. Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocación&lt;/a&gt; del hombro es una lesión que ocurre cuando la bola se sale de su sitio. Una dislocación puede ser parcial, cuando la bola sale en parte fuera de la cavidad; o puede ser una dislocación total, cuando la bola sale completamente de su sitio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa un hombro dislocado?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su hombro es la articulación con el mayor rango de movimiento de su cuerpo. También es la articulación que sufre más dislocaciones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las causas más comunes de dislocaciones del hombro son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones deportivas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Accidentes, incluidos los accidentes de tráfico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;Caerse&lt;/a&gt; sobre su hombro o brazo extendido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt; y descargas eléctricas, que pueden causar contracciones musculares que sacan el brazo de su lugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener un hombro dislocado?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera puede sufrir una dislocación del hombro, pero son más comunes en hombres jóvenes, en quienes hacen más deportes o realizan otras actividades físicas. Las personas mayores, especialmente las mujeres, también corren un mayor riesgo porque es más probable que sufran caídas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un hombro dislocado?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la dislocación del hombro incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor severo de hombro &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hinchazón y moretones en el hombro o la parte superior del brazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento y/o debilidad en su brazo, cuello, mano o dedos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para mover su brazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su brazo parece estar fuera de lugar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Espasmos musculares en su hombro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene estos síntomas, busque tratamiento médico de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica un hombro dislocado?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica le preguntará su historia médica y examinará su hombro. Su proveedor también puede pedirle que se haga una radiografía para confirmar el diagnóstico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un hombro dislocado?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el tratamiento para la dislocación del hombro incluye tres pasos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El primer paso es una &lt;strong&gt;reducción cerrada&lt;/strong&gt;, en donde   su proveedor de atención médica vuelve a colocar la bola de su brazo superior en la cavidad del hombro. Antes de este procedimiento, le pueden dar medicamentos para aliviar el dolor y relajar los músculos del hombro. Una vez que la articulación está nuevamente en su lugar, el dolor fuerte debe terminar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El segundo paso es usar un &lt;strong&gt;cabestrillo&lt;/strong&gt; u otro dispositivo para mantener el hombro en su lugar. Lo usará durante algunos días o varias semanas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El tercer paso es la &lt;strong&gt;rehabilitación&lt;/strong&gt;, una vez que el dolor y la inflamación terminen. Le darán ejercicios para mejorar su rango de movimiento y fortalecer los músculos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede necesitar cirugía si lesiona los tejidos o los nervios alrededor del hombro o si tiene luxaciones repetidas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una dislocación puede hacer que su hombro sea inestable. Cuando es así, pude dislocarse más fácilmente. Esto significa que hay un mayor riesgo de que vuelva a ocurrir. Su proveedor de atención médica puede pedirle que continúe haciendo algunos ejercicios para evitar otra dislocación.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html" id="6927" language="English">Dislocated Shoulder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una luxación del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una reducción cerrada de una fractura ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000522.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocación de articulación del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000111.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dislocación de hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100140_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100140_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombro dislocado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombro dislocado: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371720?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reducción cerrada de una fractura ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000521.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007359.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del hombro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007346.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Home care is care that allows a person with special needs stay in their home. Learn about related issues and specifics." title="Home Care Services" url="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html" id="1659" language="English" date-created="06/04/2002">
<also-called>In-home care</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Home care is care that allows a person with special needs to stay in their home. It might be for people who are getting older (aging in place). It could also be for people who are chronically ill, recovering from surgery, or&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;have a disability&lt;/a&gt;. Home care services include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personal care, such as help with bathing, washing your hair, or getting dressed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Household chores, such as cleaning, yard work, and laundry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cooking for you in your home or delivering meals to you&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Money management, such as help filling out forms and making sure that your bills are paid on time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Health care, such as having a home health aide come to your home or getting care from your provider through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html"&gt;telehealth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can get almost any type of help you want in your home. You have to pay for many of them. But some types of care and community services are free or donated. Sometimes government programs or your health insurance will help cover the cost of certain home care services.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p. class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p.&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html" id="2260" language="Spanish">Servicios de atención médica a domicilio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006699">Home Care Services</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedliving.html" id="1646">Assisted Living</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html" id="610">Caregivers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" id="7467">Telehealth</related-topic>
<see-reference>Day Care</see-reference>
<see-reference>In-home Care</see-reference>
<site title="Adult Day Care" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Adult_Day_Care.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Day Services" url="https://www.nadsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Adult-Day-Services-At-a-Glance-nadsa.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Adult Day Services Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Home Care Services" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Home+Care+Services%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dementia - home care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Adult Day Services Centers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adsc.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Home Health Care" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/home-health-care.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Home Health Services" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=HomeHealth" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=HomeHealth">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home health care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Health Care" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-settings/home-health-care">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Health Care" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Home_Health_Care.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Healthcare Medical Devices: A Checklist" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-health-and-consumer-devices/brochure-home-healthcare-medical-devices-checklist">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Improvement Assistance" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Home_Modifications.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospice" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/hospice/sections/overview/ovc-20481745?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/hospice-care/art-20048050?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infusion Pumps: Tips for Using Your Pump at Home" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/infusion-pumps/infusion-pumps-tips-using-your-pump-home">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long-term care" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/long-term-care" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/what-part-a-covers/what-are-my-other-long-term-care-choices">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meals on Wheels: Find a Meal" url="https://www.mealsonwheelsamerica.org/signup/find-programs">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Meals on Wheels Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Find and Compare Health Care Providers" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Study" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/npals/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Care Services" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Home+Care+Services%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Homelessness and health are closely connected. Limited access to healthcare can contribute to the problem. Learn about news and specific resources." title="Homelessness and Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/homelessnessandhealth.html" id="3536" language="English" date-created="08/05/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are the causes of homelessness?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Each night, hundreds of thousands of people experience homelessness in the United States. Some of these people experience chronic homelessness, while others have temporarily lost their shelter. The reasons why they are homelessness are complex. They can include a combination of factors such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poverty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unemployment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of affordable housing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Mental&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;substance use disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trauma and violence&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;Intimate partner violence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Justice-system involvement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden serious illness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Divorce&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Death of a partner or parent&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;Disabilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is the link between homelessness and health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Poor health can contribute to homelessness. And being homeless can contribute to poor health. Many of the problems that people experiencing homelessness face can make their health worse, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limited access to health care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems getting enough food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble staying safe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Violence&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;Stress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unsanitary living conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to severe weather&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are some of the common health problems that people experiencing homelessness have?&lt;/h3&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Some of the common health problems that people experiencing homelessness may have include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Lung diseases&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html"&gt;Malnutrition&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mental health problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Substance use problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;Wounds&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html"&gt;skin infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people experiencing homelessness are dealing with trauma. They may have been abused or assaulted. This includes children, who are at risk for emotional and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html"&gt;behavioral problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contact your local homelessness assistance agency to get the help you need, such as access to shelters, health centers, and free meals.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homelessnessandhealth.html" id="3537" language="Spanish">Personas sin hogar y la salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006703">Ill-Housed Persons</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homelessnessandhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="453">Veterans and Military Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Runaways</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Homelessness" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=homelessness&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Homelessness Assistance Programs" url="https://www.hudexchange.info/homelessness-assistance/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Housing and Urban Development</organization>
</site>
<site title="HRSA: Find a Health Center" url="https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Homeless adult health issues" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ill-Housed+Persons%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Running Away" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/running-away.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/running-away.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="VA Homeless Programs" url="https://www.va.gov/homeless/for_homeless_veterans.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las hormonas son mensajeros químicos del cuerpo. Demasiado o muy poco de una hormona puede ser grave. Averigüe cómo afectan a los procesos corporales." title="Hormonas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html" id="1961" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las hormonas son los mensajeros químicos del cuerpo. Viajan a través del torrente sanguíneo hacia los tejidos y órganos. Surten su efecto lentamente y, con el tiempo, afectan muchos procesos distintos, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Crecimiento y desarrollo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Metabolismo: cómo el cuerpo obtiene la energía de los alimentos que usted consume &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Función sexual &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Reproducción &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estado de ánimo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las glándulas endocrinas, que son grupos especiales de células, producen las hormonas. Las principales glándulas endocrinas son la pituitaria, la glándula pineal, el timo, la tiroides, las glándulas suprarrenales y el páncreas. Además de lo anterior, los hombres producen hormonas en los testículos y las mujeres en los ovarios. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las hormonas son potentes. Se necesita solamente una cantidad mínima para provocar grandes cambios en las células o inclusive en todo el cuerpo. Es por ello que el exceso o la falta de una hormona específica puede ser serio. Las pruebas de laboratorio pueden medir los niveles hormonales con análisis de la sangre, la orina o la saliva. Su médico puede indicar estos exámenes si tiene síntomas de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;trastorno hormonal&lt;/a&gt;. Las pruebas caseras de embarazo son similares - evalúan las hormonas del embarazo en la orina.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html" id="1499" language="English">Hormones</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html" id="1885">Enfermedades del sistema endocrino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html" id="1740">Esteroides anabólicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" id="2032">Menopausia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="2252">Terapia de reemplazo hormonal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/growthdisorders.html" id="1926">Trastornos de crecimiento</related-topic>
<site title="Cambios en la producción hormonal por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004000.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el nivel bajo de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003707_88.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003707_27.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza y hormonas: ¿Cuál es la relación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20046729?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/ART-20046729?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona luteinizante (HL) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen para la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003706.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hormona del crecimiento humana: ¿Hace más lento el envejecimiento?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormonas y la migraña" url="https://headaches.org/las-hormanas-y-la-migrana/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/11/05/hormones-and-migraines-everything-you-need-to-know/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-prolactina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prolactin-levels/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progesterona sérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003714.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003714.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de aldosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cortisol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hormona paratiroidea (PTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hormona-paratiroidea-pth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/parathyroid-hormone-pth-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de IGF-1 (factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina 1)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la hormona antimulleriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona luteinizante (HL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de progesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de renina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de SHBG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-shbg/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/shbg-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sulfato de DHEA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de catecolaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-catecolaminas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/catecholamine-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con testosterona: Posibles beneficios y riesgos conforme envejeces" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003707.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Podría usted tener un nivel bajo testosterona?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un endocrinólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-endocrinologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Endocrinologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can relieve menopause symptoms. Risks include breast cancer and stroke. Certain types of HRT have a higher risk. " title="Hormone Replacement Therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="1610" language="English" date-created="04/29/2002">
<also-called>ERT</also-called>
<also-called>Estrogen replacement therapy</also-called>
<also-called>HRT</also-called>
<also-called>Menopausal hormone therapy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;Menopause&lt;/a&gt; is the time in a woman's life when her period stops. It is a normal part of aging.  In the years before and during menopause, the levels of female hormones can go up and down. This can cause symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, pain during sex, and vaginal dryness. For some women, the symptoms are mild, and they go away on their own. Other women take hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also called menopausal hormone therapy, to relieve these symptoms. HRT may also protect against &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;HRT is not for everyone. You should not use HRT if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Think that you are pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have problems with vaginal bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had certain kinds of cancers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a stroke or heart attack&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had blood clots&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have liver disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of HRT. Some have only one hormone, while others have two. Most are pills that you take every day, but there are also skin patches, vaginal creams, gels, and rings.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Taking HRT has some risks. For some women, hormone therapy may increase their chances of getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attacks&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;strokes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;breast cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html"&gt;gallbladder disease&lt;/a&gt;. Certain types of HRT have a higher risk, and each woman's own risks can vary, depending upon her medical history and lifestyle. You and your health care provider need to discuss the risks and benefits for you. If you do decide to take HRT, it should be the lowest dose that helps and for the shortest time needed. You should check if you still need to take HRT every 3-6 months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="2252" language="Spanish">Terapia de reemplazo hormonal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020249">Hormone Replacement Therapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html" id="62">Menopause</related-topic>
<see-reference>ERT</see-reference>
<see-reference>Estrogen Replacement Therapy</see-reference>
<see-reference>HRT</see-reference>
<see-reference>Menopausal Hormone Therapy</see-reference>
<site title="4 Things to Know about Menopausal Symptoms and Complementary Health Practices" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-menopausal-symptoms-and-complementary-health-practices">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Estrogen Replacement Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=estrogen+replacement+therapy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hormone Replacement Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%28menopause+OR+postmenopause%29&amp;term=%22hormone+replacement+therapy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding about hormone therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Society" url="https://www.endocrine.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002584.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/mht-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-hormonas-menopausia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopause and Hormones: Common Questions" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/130242/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/la-menopausia-y-las-hormonas-preguntas-comunes-menopause-hormones-common-questions">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopause Hormone Therapy: Does It Cause Vaginal Bleeding?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause Treatment" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-treatment">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause: Medicines to Help You" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/menopause-medicines-help-you">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen replacement therapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hormone+Replacement+Therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Types of hormone therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hormones are your body's chemical messengers. They affect many processes including mood. Too much or too little of a certain hormone can be serious." title="Hormones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html" id="1499" language="English" date-created="06/20/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hormones are your body's chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Growth and development&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Metabolism - how your body gets energy from the foods you eat&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Sexual function&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Reproduction&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Mood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Endocrine glands, which are special groups of cells, make hormones. The major endocrine glands are the pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas. In addition, men produce hormones in their testes and women produce them in their ovaries. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hormones are powerful. It takes only a tiny amount to cause big changes in cells or even your whole body. That is why too much or too little of a certain hormone can be serious. Laboratory tests can measure the hormone levels in your blood, urine, or saliva.  Your health care provider may perform these tests if you have symptoms of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;hormone disorder&lt;/a&gt;. Home pregnancy tests are similar - they test for pregnancy hormones in your urine.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html" id="1961" language="Spanish">Hormonas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006728">Hormones</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" id="136">Anabolic Steroids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html" id="475">Endocrine Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/growthdisorders.html" id="265">Growth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="1610">Hormone Replacement Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html" id="62">Menopause</related-topic>
<site title="Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in hormone production" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004000.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aldosterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anabolic Steroids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anti-Müllerian Hormone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamine blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003561.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamine Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/catecholamine-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-catecolaminas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hormones" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hormones%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Could you have low testosterone?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="DHEA Sulfate Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/edcs">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Disruptors" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine Glands &amp; Their Hormones" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/endocrine/glands/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythropoietin test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003683.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastrin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003706.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Hormone Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HCG blood test - qualitative" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003509.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HCG blood test - quantitative" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003510.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HCG in urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003619.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches and Hormones: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/ART-20046729?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20046729?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormones and Breast Cancer" url="https://www.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/patient-engagement/hormones-and-series/hormones_and_breast_cancer_what_you_need_to_know">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Does It Slow Aging?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypogonadism in Men" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypogonadism" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/bajo-nivel-de-testosterona">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insulin C-peptide test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003701.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Testosterone Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003707_27.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003707_88.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopause: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/obesity" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/las-hormonas-y-la-obesidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/parathyroid-hormone-pth-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hormona-paratiroidea-pth/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progesterone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prolactin-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-prolactina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hormones" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hormones%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Serum progesterone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003714.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003714.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="SHBG Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/shbg-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-shbg/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003707.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Therapy: Potential Benefits and Risks as You Age" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Endocrinologist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Endocrinologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-endocrinologist.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Endocrine System (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hospice care is end-of-life care. Medical professionals and volunteers give medical, psychological, and spiritual support. Read more." title="Hospice Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html" id="1355" language="English" date-created="09/06/2000">
<also-called>End-of-life care</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hospice care is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html"&gt;end-of-life&lt;/a&gt; care. A team of health care professionals and volunteers provides it. They give medical, psychological, and spiritual support. The goal of the care is to help people who are dying have peace, comfort, and dignity. The caregivers try to control pain and other symptoms so a person can remain as alert and comfortable as possible. Hospice programs also provide services to support a patient's family. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usually, a hospice patient is expected to live 6 months or less. Hospice care can take place:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At a hospice center&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In a hospital&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In a skilled nursing facility&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html" id="1962" language="Spanish">Cuidados de hospicio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006738">Hospices</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html" id="496">End of Life Issues</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html" id="1659">Home Care Services</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html" id="4823">Palliative Care</related-topic>
<see-reference>End of Life Care</see-reference>
<site title="Choices for Care when Treatment May Not Be an Option" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hospice Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Hospice+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Different Care Settings at the End of Life" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/different-care-settings-end-life">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Hospice Care" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hospice-care.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Home Care or Hospice Agency" url="https://allianceforcareathome.org/find-a-provider/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Alliance for Care at Home</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping You Choose: Quality Hospice Care" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/for-consumers/helping-you-choose-hospice.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/assetmanager/hyc_hospice_spanishpdf.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hospice" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/hospice/sections/overview/ovc-20481745?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/hospice-care/art-20048050?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospice Care" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Hospice_Care.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospice care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000467.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Alliance for Care at Home" url="https://allianceforcareathome.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Alliance for Care at Home</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hospice Care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hospices%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are Palliative Care and Hospice Care?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hospice-and-palliative-care/what-are-palliative-care-and-hospice-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/son-cuidados-paliativos-cuidados-hospicio">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Household products for cleaning and other uses can contain ingredients that can harm your family and the environment. Learn more." title="Household Products" url="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html" id="1463" language="English" date-created="04/25/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The products you use for cleaning, carpentry, auto repair, gardening, and many other household uses can contain ingredients that can harm you, your family, and the environment. These include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Oven and drain cleaners&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Cleaning and disinfecting products&lt;/a&gt;, including bleach and antibacterial cleaners&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Laundry powder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Floor polish&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paint thinners, strippers, and removers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;Pesticides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Grease and rust removers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Motor oil and fuel additives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arts and craft supplies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Toxic substances in these products can cause harm if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. People respond to toxic substances in different ways. At high doses, a toxic substance might cause birth defects or other serious problems, including brain damage or death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To avoid problems, keep products in the containers they come in and use them exactly as the label says. Follow label directions or get medical help if you swallow or inhale them or get them on your skin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html" id="1963" language="Spanish">Envenenamiento con productos del hogar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006795">Household Products</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" id="535">Child Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7607">Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cosmetics.html" id="503">Cosmetics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537">Indoor Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html" id="498">Pesticides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html" id="364">Poisoning</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cleaning Products</see-reference>
<see-reference>Poisons in the Home</see-reference>
<site title="Acetone poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002480.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ammonia poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002759.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Emergency Preparedness" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/chemical-emergency.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Copper poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002496.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detergent poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drain cleaner poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002779.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drain opener poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002780.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Poison Center" url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/poison-centers/find-poison-center" language-mapped-url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/es/centros-de-informacion-toxicologica/encontrar-centro">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gasoline poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002806.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Household Chemical Emergencies" url="https://www.ready.gov/household-chemical-emergencies" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/emergencias-con-productos-quimicos-en-el-hogar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Household Hazards to Pets" url="https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/household-hazards">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kerosene poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002807.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lighter fluid poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002833.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oven cleaner poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002800.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002800.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison-Proof Your Home One Room at a Time: Pesticide Poison Prevention Checklist" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-checklist.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/ART-20056657?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/art-20056657?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisonings Among Children Ages 0-14 in 2018" url="https://www.safekids.org/sites/default/files/documents/2020_fast_facts_poisonings_v1.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Safe Kids Worldwide</organization>
</site>
<site title="Household Products" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Household+Products%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Read the Label First! Protect Your Household" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-02/documents/household.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recalls" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="SaferProducts.gov" url="https://www.saferproducts.gov/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toilet bowl cleaners and deodorizers poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002743.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Household Chemicals during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Should Know about Using Paint Strippers" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/423%20Paint%20Stripper%20Publication.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You know that exercise is good for your health, but how much do you need? Learn what's recommended, along with which types of exercise you need." title="How Much Exercise Do I Need?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html" id="6603" language="English" date-created="08/30/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Regular exercise is one of the best things you can do for your health. It has many &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;benefits&lt;/a&gt;. It can improve your overall health and fitness and reduce your risk for many chronic diseases.To get the most benefit, here's how much physical activity you should get:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;For adults:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity each week. Or you could do a combination of the two.&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Try to spread your physical activity out over several days of the week. That's better than trying to do it all in one or two days.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some days you may not have long blocks of time to do physical activity. You can try splitting it up into segments of ten minutes or more.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aerobic activities include walking fast, jogging, swimming, and biking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Moderate intensity means that while you are doing that activity, you should be able to say a few words in a row but not sing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vigorous intensity means that while you are doing that activity, you won't be able to say more than a few words without stopping for a breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Also, do strengthening activities twice per week.&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Strengthening activities include lifting weights, working with exercise bands, and doing sit-ups and pushups&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choose activities that work all the different parts of the body - your legs, hips, back, chest, stomach, shoulders, and arms. You should repeat exercises for each muscle group 8 to 12 times per session.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;For preschool-aged children (ages 3-5):&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preschool children should be physically active throughout the day, to help with their growth and development.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They should get both structured and unstructured active play. Structured play has a goal and is directed by an adult. Examples include playing a sport or a game. Unstructured play is creative free play, such as playing on a playground.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;For children and teens:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get 60 minutes or more of physical activity every day. Most of it should be moderate-intensity aerobic activity.&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Activities should vary and be a good fit for the child's age and physical development&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Moderate-intensity aerobic activities include walking, running, skipping, playing on the playground, playing basketball, and biking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Also, try to get each of these at least 3 days a week: vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening activity, and bone-strengthening activity.&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vigorous-intensity aerobic activities include running, doing jumping jacks, and fast swimming&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle-strengthening activities include playing on playground equipment, playing tug-of-war, and doing pushups and pull-ups&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone-strengthening activities include hopping, skipping, doing jumping jacks, playing volleyball, and working with resistance bands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;For older adults, pregnant women, and people with chronic health problems:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html"&gt;Older adults&lt;/a&gt;, pregnant women, and people who have special health needs should check with their health care provider on how much physical activity they should get and what types of activities they should do.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Exercise tips:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People who are trying to lose weight may need to get more physical activity. They also need to adjust their diet, so they are burning more calories than they eat and drink.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have been inactive, you may need to start slowly. You can keep adding more gradually. The more you can do, the better. But try not to feel overwhelmed, and do what you can. Getting some physical activity is always better than getting none.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html" id="6604" language="Spanish">¿Cuánto ejercicio debo hacer?</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010809">Physical Fitness</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490">Exercise and Physical Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3012">Exercise for Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1530">Exercise for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415">Sports Fitness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Exercise: How Much?</see-reference>
<site title="Are you getting too much exercise?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Activity Calculator" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/diet-physical-activity/get-active/exercise-counts-calculator.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise, lifestyle, and your bones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep Active and Eat Healthy to Improve Well-Being and Feel Great" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/keep-active-eat-healthy-feel-great">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measuring Physical Activity Intensity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/measuring/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Move Your Way: A Campaign to Promote the Updated Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (2nd edition)" url="https://health.gov/moveyourway">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity (Exercise)" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/getting-active" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/getting-active">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity for Adults: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/spanish/Cuanta-actividad-fisica-necesitan-los-adultos.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans" url="https://health.gov/our-work/nutrition-physical-activity/physical-activity-guidelines">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: 2nd edition" url="https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Physical Exercise" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/physical-exercise" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ejercicio-fisico">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Starting Physical Activity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/tips-get-active/tips-starting-physical-activity">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your mental health affects all parts of your life. Learn how to improve your mental health, through positive thinking, relaxation techniques, and gratitude." title="How to Improve Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7407" language="English" date-created="04/16/2020">
<also-called>Boost Emotional Wellness</also-called>
<also-called>Improve Emotional Health</also-called>
<also-called>Stay Positive</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is mental health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life. It also helps determine how we handle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html"&gt;childhood&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html"&gt;adolescence&lt;/a&gt; through adulthood and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html"&gt;aging&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Why is mental health important?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mental health is important because it can help you to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cope with the stresses of life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be physically healthy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have good relationships&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make meaningful contributions to your community&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work productively&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realize your full potential&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I improve my mental health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different things you can do to improve your mental health, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Staying positive.&lt;/strong&gt; It's important to try to have a positive outlook; some ways to do that include:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Finding balance between positive and negative emotions.  Staying positive doesn't mean that you never feel negative emotions, such as sadness or anger. You need to feel them so that you can move through difficult situations. They can help you to respond to a problem. But you don't want those emotions to take over. For example, it's not helpful to keep thinking about bad things that happened in the past or worry too much about the future.&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;Trying to hold on to the positive emotions when you have them&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Taking a break from negative information. Know when to stop watching or reading the news. Use social media to reach out for support and feel connected to others but be careful. Don't fall for rumors, get into arguments, or negatively compare your life to others.&lt;/li&gt;		
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practicing gratitude&lt;/strong&gt;, which means being thankful for the good things in your life. It's helpful to do this every day, either by thinking about what you are grateful for or writing it down in a journal. These can be big things, such as the support you have from loved ones, or little things, such as enjoying a nice meal. It's important to allow yourself a moment to enjoy that you had the positive experience.  Practicing gratitude can help you to see your life differently. For example, when you are stressed, you may not notice that there are also moments when you have some positive emotions. Gratitude can help you to recognize them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Taking care of your physical health&lt;/strong&gt;, since your physical and mental health are connected. Some ways to take care of your physical health include:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;Being physically active&lt;/a&gt;. Exercise can reduce feelings of stress and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and improve your mood.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough sleep&lt;/a&gt;. Sleep affects your mood. If you don't get a good sleep, you may become more easily annoyed and angry. Over the long term, a lack of quality sleep can make you more likely to become depressed. So it's important to make sure that you have a regular sleep schedule and get enough quality sleep every night.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html"&gt;Healthy eating&lt;/a&gt;. Good nutrition will help you feel better physically but could also improve your mood and decrease &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt; and stress. Also, not having enough of certain nutrients may contribute to some mental illnesses. For example, there may be a link between low levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamin B12&lt;/a&gt; and depression. Eating a well-balanced diet can help you to get enough of the nutrients you need.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Connecting with others.&lt;/strong&gt; Humans are social creatures, and it's important to have strong, healthy relationships with others. Having good social support may help protect you against the harms of stress. It is also good to have different types of connections. Besides connecting with family and friends, you could find ways to get involved with your community or neighborhood. For example, you could volunteer for a local organization or join a group that is focused on a hobby you enjoy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Developing a sense of meaning and purpose in life.&lt;/strong&gt; This could be through your job, volunteering, learning new skills, or exploring your spirituality.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Developing coping skills&lt;/strong&gt;, which are methods you use to deal with stressful situations. They may help you face a problem, take action, be flexible, and not easily give up in solving it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meditation&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a mind and body practice where you learn to focus your attention and awareness. There are many types, including mindfulness meditation and transcendental meditation. Meditation usually involves:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A quiet location with as few distractions as possible&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A specific, comfortable posture. This could be sitting, lying down, walking, or another position.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A focus of attention, such as a specially chosen word or set of words, an object, or your breathing&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;An open attitude, where you try to let distractions come and go naturally without judging them&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Relaxation techniques&lt;/strong&gt; are practices you do to produce your body's natural relaxation response. This slows down your breathing, lowers your blood pressure, and reduces muscle tension and stress. Types of relaxation techniques include: 
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Progressive relaxation, where you tighten and relax different muscle groups, sometimes while using mental imagery or breathing exercises&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Guided imagery, where you learn to focus on positive images in your mind, to help you feel more relaxed and focused&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Biofeedback, where you use electronic devices to learn to control certain body functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and muscle tension&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Self-hypnosis, where the goal is to get yourself into a relaxed, trance-like state when you hear a certain suggestion or see a specific cue&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Deep breathing exercises, which involve focusing on taking slow, deep, even breaths&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's also important to recognize when you need to get help. Talk therapy and/or medicines can treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorders&lt;/a&gt;. If you don't know where to get treatment, start by contacting your primary care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7408" language="Spanish">Cómo mejorar la salud mental</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008603">Mental Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35">Mental Health</related-topic>
<site title="3 Ways to Practice Gratitude (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/gratitude-practice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gratitude-practice.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="31 Tips To Boost Your Mental Health" url="https://www.mhanational.org/31-tips-boost-your-mental-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Psychiatric Association" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
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<site title="Anger Management: 10 Tips to Tame Your Temper" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/anger-management/art-20045434?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/anger-management/art-20045434?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Your Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol/el-cuidado-de-su-salud-mental/el-cuidado-de-su-salud-mental">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Connect with Others" url="https://www.mhanational.org/connect-others">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Create Joy and Satisfaction" url="https://www.mhanational.org/create-joy-and-satisfaction">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deal Better with Hard Times" url="https://www.mhanational.org/deal-better-hard-times">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eat Well" url="https://www.mhanational.org/eat-well">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forgiveness: Letting Go of Grudges and Bitterness" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/forgiveness/art-20047692?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/forgiveness/art-20047692?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Physically Active" url="https://www.mhanational.org/get-physically-active">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Professional Help if You Need It" url="https://www.mhanational.org/get-professional-help-if-you-need-it">
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<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
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<site title="Healthy Sleep: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Help Others" url="https://www.mhanational.org/help-others">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Live Your Life Well" url="https://www.mhanational.org/live-your-life-well">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meditation and Mindfulness: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/meditation-and-mindfulness-effectiveness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mind/Body Connection: How Your Emotions Affect Your Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/mindbody-connection-how-your-emotions-affect-your-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conexion-entre-mente-y-cuerpo-como-sus-emociones-afectan-su-salud/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mindfulness for Your Health: The Benefits of Living Moment by Moment" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/06/mindfulness-your-health" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/atencion-plena-para-su-salud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="My Mental Health: Do I Need Help?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/my-mental-health-do-i-need-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/necesito-ayuda-para-mi-salud-mental">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nurture Your Resilience: Bouncing Back From Difficult Times" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/04/nurture-your-resilience" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/alimente-su-resiliencia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and Mental Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/nutrition-mental-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutricion-y-salud-mental/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relaxation Techniques: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Self-Esteem: Take Steps to Feel Better about Yourself" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shake it Off: Boosting Your Mood" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/01/shake-it" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/olvidese-de-eso">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spirituality and Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/spirituality-and-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/espiritualidad-y-salud/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stay Positive" url="https://www.mhanational.org/stay-positive">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Steps to Support Good Mental Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/steps-good-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/steps-good-mental-health">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Management: Stress Relievers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-relievers/art-20047257?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-management/art-20044489?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Take Care of Your Spirit" url="https://www.mhanational.org/take-care-your-spirit">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Talking with a Health Care Provider about Your Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/tips-for-talking-with-your-health-care-provider" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/consejos-para-hablar-con-su-proveedor">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Yoga: Effectiveness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yoga-effectiveness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<health-topic meta-desc="High cholesterol raises your risk of heart diseases. Treatments to lower cholesterol include lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, and medicines if needed." title="How to Lower Cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809" language="English" date-created="01/16/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly.  But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are steps that you can take to lower your LDL (bad) cholesterol and raise your HDL (good) cholesterol. By keeping your cholesterol levels &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;in range&lt;/a&gt;, you can lower your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;risk of heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the main treatments for high cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main treatments for high cholesterol are lifestyle changes and medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Lifestyle changes to lower cholesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart-healthy lifestyle changes that can help you lower or control your cholesterol include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heart-healthy eating.&lt;/strong&gt; A heart-healthy eating plan limits the amount of saturated and trans &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt; that you eat. It recommends that you eat and drink only enough calories to stay at a healthy weight and avoid weight gain. It also encourages you to choose a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats. Examples of eating plans that can lower your cholesterol include the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;DASH eating plan&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Aiming for a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; If you are overweight or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, losing weight can help lower your LDL cholesterol and raise your HDL cholesterol. This is especially important for people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions that together raise your risk of heart diseases and other health problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Studies have shown that physical activity can lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and raise your HDL cholesterol.  Before you start an exercise program, ask your health care provider what level of physical activity is right for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Research has shown that chronic stress can sometimes raise your LDL cholesterol and lower your HDL cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Quitting smoking can raise your HDL cholesterol. Since HDL helps to remove LDL cholesterol from your arteries, having more HDL can help to lower your LDL cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough good-quality sleep&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Getting 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night lowers your risk of high LDL  cholesterol and total cholesterol levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Medicines to lower cholesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For some people, making lifestyle changes alone does not their lower cholesterol enough. They may also need to take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol medicines&lt;/a&gt;. There are several types. They work in different ways and can have different &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effects&lt;/a&gt;. If your provider recommends that you take cholesterol medicines, ask them which medicine would be right for you.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Even if you take medicines to lower your cholesterol, you still need to continue with lifestyle changes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are some other possible treatments for high cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some other possible treatments for high cholesterol may include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Lipoprotein apheresis to lower cholesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/"&gt;Familial hypercholesterolemia&lt;/a&gt; (FH) is an inherited condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Some people who have FH may get a treatment called lipoprotein apheresis. This treatment uses a filtering machine to remove LDL cholesterol from your blood. Then the machine returns the rest of your blood back to your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Supplements to lower cholesterol&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many companies sell supplements that they say can lower cholesterol. For many of these supplements, there isn't enough evidence to show that they can lower cholesterol levels. But for some supplements, research has found that they have cholesterol-lowering effects. For example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Plant stanols and sterols supplements, when taken with meals, can reduce cholesterol levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some soy products have a small cholesterol-lowering effect. But research has found that eating soy foods gives you more of a benefit than taking supplements.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whole flaxseed and flaxseed lignans may help to lower cholesterol levels. However, flaxseed oil does not.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Garlic supplements may lower cholesterol levels, but the effect is small when compared to the effects of cholesterol medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Supplements may cause side effects and interactions with medicines. Always check with your provider before you take any supplements.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6810" language="Spanish">Cómo bajar su colesterol</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006937">Hypercholesterolemia</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000628">therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006937">Hypercholesterolemia</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000178">diet therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006937">Hypercholesterolemia</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000188">drug therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6601">Benefits of Exercise</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811">Cholesterol Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6907">High Cholesterol in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6807">How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html" id="1359">Quitting Smoking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" id="4909">Statins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<site title="6 Ways to Lower Your Cholesterol" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-ways-to-lower-your-cholesterol" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-maneras-de-reducir-el-colesterol">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="8 Tips: High Cholesterol and Dietary Supplements" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/high-cholesterol-and-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Being active when you have heart disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000094.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000094.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cholesterol and lifestyle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Cholesterol Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cholesterol Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypercholesterolemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypercholesterolemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Give your heart a workout" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy habits for weight loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing your weight with healthy eating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing High Cholesterol" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/prevention/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Lower Cholesterol" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypercholesterolemia%2Ftherapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hypercholesterolemia%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hypercholesterolemia%2Fdiet+therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Statins: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips on how to quit smoking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001992.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001992.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="One important way to lower your cholesterol is through diet. Learn which foods to avoid, which ones you should limit, and what you can eat instead." title="How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6807" language="English" date-created="01/16/2018">
<also-called>Low Cholesterol Diet</also-called>
<also-called>TLC Diet</also-called>
<also-called>Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for high cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;main treatments for high cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; are heart-healthy lifestyle changes and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;. The lifestyle changes include healthy eating, weight management, and regular physical activity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I lower cholesterol with diet?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Heart-healthy lifestyle changes include a diet to lower your cholesterol. The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;DASH eating plan&lt;/a&gt; is one example. Another is the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet, which recommends that you:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choose healthier fats.&lt;/strong&gt;You should limit both total fat and saturated fat. No more than 25 to 35% of your daily calories should come from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;dietary fats&lt;/a&gt;, and less than 7% of your daily calories should come from saturated fat. Depending upon how many calories you eat per day, here are the maximum amounts of saturated fats that you should eat:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Maximum amounts of saturated fat in your diet, based on calories" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Calories per Day&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Saturated Fat&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
  &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;1,200&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;8 grams&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;1,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;10 grams&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;2,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;13 grams&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;2,500&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;17 grams&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Saturated fat is a bad fat because it raises your LDL (bad cholesterol) level more than anything else in your diet. It is found in some meats, dairy products, chocolate, baked goods, and deep-fried and processed foods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Instead of saturated fats, switch to foods with healthier fats, such as lean meat, nuts, and unsaturated oils like canola, olive, and safflower oils.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limit foods with cholesterol.&lt;/strong&gt; If you are trying to lower your cholesterol, you should have less than 200 mg a day of cholesterol. Cholesterol is in foods from animals, such as liver and other organ meats, egg yolks, shrimp, and whole milk dairy products.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eat plenty of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;soluble fiber&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Soluble fiber helps prevent your digestive tract from absorbing cholesterol. You should try to get 10 to 25 grams of it per day. Foods that are high in soluble fiber include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whole-grain cereals such as oatmeal and oat bran&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fruits such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears, and prunes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Legumes such as kidney beans, lentils, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and lima beans&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eat lots of fruits and vegetables.&lt;/strong&gt; They are important sources of vitamins, fiber, and other nutrients.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increase plant stanols and sterols in your diet.&lt;/strong&gt;These are substances that also help prevent your digestive tract from absorbing cholesterol. You should try to get 2 grams of them per day. They can be found in whole grains, nuts, legumes, and oils, such as olive oil and avocado oil. They are also added to some foods, such as certain types of orange juice, margarine, and bread.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eat foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids.&lt;/strong&gt; These special fats can lower LDL and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglyceride&lt;/a&gt; levels. They can also help control blood pressure and may lower your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;heart rhythm problems&lt;/a&gt;. If you have heart disease, they may lower your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.  Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fish such as salmon, tuna (canned or fresh), and mackerel. Most people should try to eat these fish two times a week. But if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should avoid fish that could be high in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html"&gt;mercury&lt;/a&gt;, such as mackerel.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Plant sources such as walnuts, flaxseed, chia seeds, and canola and soybean oils. But they have smaller amounts of omega-3 acids than the fish sources.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fortified foods, such as certain brands of eggs, yogurt, juices, milk, soy beverages, and infant formulas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limit salt.&lt;/strong&gt; You should try to limit the amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt; (salt) that you eat to no more than 2,300 milligrams (about 1 teaspoon of salt) a day. That includes all the sodium you eat, whether it's added in cooking, used at the table, or already present in food products. Limiting salt won't lower your cholesterol, but it can lower your risk of heart diseases by helping to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;lower your blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;. You can reduce your sodium by instead choosing low-salt and "no added salt" foods and seasonings at the table or while cooking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limit &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Alcohol adds extra calories, which can lead to weight gain. Being overweight can raise your LDL level and lower your HDL level. Too much alcohol can also increase your risk of heart diseases because it can raise your blood pressure and triglyceride level. It's best not to drink, but if you do: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have no more than 2 drinks per day if you are a man&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have no more than 1 drink per day if you are a woman&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html"&gt;Nutrition labels&lt;/a&gt; can help you figure out how much fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, and sodium is in the foods that you buy. This can help you eat healthier and lower your cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6808" language="Spanish">Cómo bajar su colesterol con dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006937">Hypercholesterolemia</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000178">diet therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html" id="3059">Dietary Fiber</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809">How to Lower Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Low Cholesterol Diet</see-reference>
<site title="Are Chicken Eggs Good or Bad for My Cholesterol?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol/faq-20058468?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/cholesterol/faq-20058468?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Butter, margarine, and cooking oils" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol: Top Foods to Improve Your Numbers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol/ART-20045192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol/ART-20045192?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Low Cholesterol Diet" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=hypercholesterolemia&amp;intr=diet&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DASH Diet: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary fats explained" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about monounsaturated fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000785.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about polyunsaturated fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000747.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about saturated fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000838.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about trans fats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000786.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Low-fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="High-fiber foods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to read food labels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediterranean diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000110.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omega-3 fats - Good for your heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypercholesterolemia%2Fdiet+therapy%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+5+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Simple, heart-smart substitutions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Healthy Eating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000330_25.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000330_86.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/TipsToReduceSodium.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Guide to Lowering Cholesterol with TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Your_Guide_to_Lowering_Your_Cholesterol_with_TLC.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many Americans are at risk for type 2 diabetes. Healthy eating, regular exercise, and weight control may help prevent or delay getting diabetes." title="How to Prevent Diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6661" language="English" date-created="10/25/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, your blood sugar levels are too high. With &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, this happens because your body does not make enough insulin, or it does not use insulin well (this is called insulin resistance). If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, you might be able to prevent or delay developing it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many Americans are at risk for type 2 diabetes. Your chances of getting it depend on a combination of risk factors such as your genes and lifestyle. The risk factors include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;, which means you have blood sugar levels that are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being age 45 or older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history of diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a low level of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt; (good) cholesterol or a high level of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglycerides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A history of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes in pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;inactive lifestyle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A history of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PCOS)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having acanthosis nigricans, a skin condition in which your skin becomes dark and thick, especially around your neck or armpits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I prevent or delay getting type 2 diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are at risk for diabetes, you may be able to prevent or delay getting it. Most of the things that you need to do involve having a healthier lifestyle. So if you make these changes, you will get other health benefits as well. You may lower your risk of other diseases, and you will probably feel better and have more energy. The changes are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Losing weight and keeping it off.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Weight control&lt;/a&gt; is an important part of diabetes prevention. You may be able to prevent or delay diabetes by losing 5 to 10% of your current weight. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, your goal would be to lose between 10 to 20 pounds. And once you lose the weight, it is important that you don't gain it back.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Following a healthy eating plan.&lt;/strong&gt; It is important to reduce the amount of calories you eat and drink each day, so you can lose weight and keep it off. To do that, your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html"&gt;diet&lt;/a&gt; should include smaller portions and less fat and sugar. You should also eat a variety of foods from each food group, including plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. It's also a good idea to limit red meat, and avoid processed meats.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get regular exercise.&lt;/strong&gt; Exercise has many &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;health benefits&lt;/a&gt;, including helping you to lose weight and lower your blood sugar levels. These both lower your risk of type 2 diabetes. Try to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity 5 days a week. If you have not been active, talk with your health care professional to figure out which &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;types of exercise&lt;/a&gt; are best for you. You can start slowly and work up to your goal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't smoke.&lt;/strong&gt; Smoking can contribute to insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. If you already smoke, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;try to quit&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk to your health care provider&lt;/strong&gt; to see whether there is anything else you can do to delay or to prevent type 2 diabetes. If you are at high risk, your provider may suggest that you take one of a few types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;diabetes medicines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6662" language="Spanish">Cómo prevenir la diabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003924">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000517">prevention &amp; control</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Diabetes Prevention</see-reference>
<site title="Aim for a Healthy Weight" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/diabetes/aim-healthy-weight" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/diabetes/toma-medidas-prevenir-diabetes-tipo-2">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Preventing Diabetes Type 2" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22diabetes+mellitus,+type+2%22&amp;term=prevention&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Prevention: 5 Tips for Taking Control" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-prevention/art-20047639?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-prevention/art-20047639?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Risk Factors" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/understand-your-risk-for-diabetes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Kids" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/type-2-diabetes-in-kids.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-type-2-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/factores-riesgo-tipo-2">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Diabetes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+2%2Fprevention++and++control%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Simple Steps to Preventing Diabetes" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/disease-prevention/diabetes-prevention/preventing-diabetes-full-story/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Game Plan to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-type-2-diabetes/game-plan">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Heart disease is the leading cause of the death in the U.S, and is a major cause of disability. There are many heart disease risk factors that you can change." title="How to Prevent Heart Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1598" language="English" date-created="03/27/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt; is the leading cause of the death in the United States. It is also a major cause of disability. But you can take steps to improve your health and help prevent heart disease. The first step is understanding your risk of heart disease. Your risk depends on many factors, some of which are changeable and others that are not. Learning about them and working on the things that you can change can lower your risk of heart disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the heart disease risk factors that I cannot change?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are some risk factors for heart disease that you cannot change:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk of heart disease increases as you get older. The risk is higher in:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Men age 45 and older&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Women age 55 and older&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Some risk factors may affect heart disease risk differently in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;women&lt;/a&gt; than in men. For example: 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormone&lt;/a&gt; estrogen provides women some protection against heart disease&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; raises the risk of heart disease more in women than in men.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your race or ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain groups have higher risks than others. For example:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;African Americans are more likely than Whites to die of heart disease, while Hispanic Americans are less likely to die of it&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Asian Americans as a group have lower rates of heart disease than other groups, but South Asian Americans have higher rates&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your family history.&lt;/strong&gt; You have a greater risk if you have a close family member who had heart disease at an early age, for example if:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Your father or brother was diagnosed before age 55&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Your mother or sister was diagnosed before age 65&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the heart disease risk factors I can change and what can I do to lower my risk?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many heart disease risk factors that you can change.  If you make these changes, you don't just help protect your heart. You can also improve your overall health and well-being.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may have a lot of changes to make. If you need to, you can make the changes gradually, one at a time. What's most important is that you make them. Depending on your lifestyle, these changes could include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlling your blood pressure.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; is a major risk factor for heart disease. It is important to get your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/"&gt;blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; checked regularly - at least once a year for most adults, and more often if you have high blood pressure. You can also take steps, including lifestyle changes, to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;prevent&lt;/a&gt; or control high blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keeping your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglyceride&lt;/a&gt; levels under control:&lt;/strong&gt; 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;High levels of cholesterol can clog your arteries and raise your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt; (if needed) can lower your cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Triglycerides are another type of fat in the blood. High  levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglyceride&lt;/a&gt; may also raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially in women.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Staying at a healthy weight.&lt;/strong&gt; Being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; can increase your risk of heart disease. This is mostly because they are linked to other heart disease risk factors, including high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, and diabetes. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Controlling your weight&lt;/a&gt; can lower these risks.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eating a healthy diet.&lt;/strong&gt; Try to limit saturated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, foods high in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt; (salt), and added &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;sugars&lt;/a&gt;. Instead, eat plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;DASH diet&lt;/a&gt; is an example of an eating plan that can help you to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol, two things that can lower your risk of heart disease.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Getting regular physical activity.&lt;/strong&gt; Regular physical activity has many benefits, including strengthening your heart and improving your circulation. It can also help you maintain a healthy weight and lower cholesterol and blood pressure. All of these can lower your risk of heart disease.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limiting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. It also adds extra calories, which may cause weight gain. Both of those raise your risk of heart disease. It's best not to drink, but if you do:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Have no more than 2 drinks per day if you are a man.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Have no more than 1 drink per day if you are a woman.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not smoking&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Cigarette smoking&lt;/a&gt; raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk of heart attack and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;. 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If you do not smoke, don't start.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; If you do smoke, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting&lt;/a&gt; will lower your risk of heart disease. You can talk with your health care provider for help in finding the best way for you to quit.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Managing stress.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;Stress&lt;/a&gt; is linked to heart disease in many ways. It can raise your blood pressure. Extreme stress can be a "trigger" for a heart attack. Also, some common ways of coping with stress, such as overeating, heavy drinking, and smoking, are bad for your heart. Some ways to help manage your stress include exercise, listening to music, focusing on something calm or peaceful, and meditating.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Managing diabetes.&lt;/strong&gt; Having diabetes doubles your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html"&gt;diabetic heart disease&lt;/a&gt;. That is because over time, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;high blood glucose&lt;/a&gt; (blood sugar) from diabetes can damage your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart and blood vessels. So, it is important to get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/"&gt;tested for diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, and if you have it, to keep it under control.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Getting enough sleep.&lt;/strong&gt; If you don't get enough sleep, you raise your risk of high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Those three things can raise your risk of heart disease. To improve your sleep:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If you are an adult, try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night.&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Make sure that you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;good sleep habits&lt;/a&gt;, such as keeping a regular sleep schedule and creating a good sleeping environment in your bedroom.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; If you have frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep problems&lt;/a&gt;, contact your health care provider. One problem, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;, causes people to briefly stop breathing many times during sleep. This interferes with your ability to get a good rest and can raise your risk of heart disease. If you think you might have sleep apnea, ask your provider about having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/"&gt;sleep study&lt;/a&gt;. And if you do have sleep apnea, make sure that you get treatment for it.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1942" language="Spanish">Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006331">Heart Diseases</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000517">prevention &amp; control</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" id="4861">Blood Thinners</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809">How to Lower Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6450">How to Prevent High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Heart Disease Prevention</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daily Aspirin Therapy: Understand the Benefits and Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/ART-20046797?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/daily-aspirin-therapy/art-20046797?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Fiber: Essential for a Healthy Diet" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fasting Diet: Can It Improve My Heart Health?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/fasting-diet/FAQ-20058334?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/fasting-diet/faq-20058334?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Five Things to Know about Omega-3s for Heart Disease" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-omegas-for-heart-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Give your heart a workout" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000763.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Meals Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/002436_43.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/002436_98.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart disease - risk factors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000106.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart disease and diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002436.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and Stroke" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease in Women: Understand Symptoms and Risk Factors" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/ART-20046167?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20046167?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease Risk Factors for Children and Teenagers" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-disease-risk-factors-for-children-and-teenagers/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/factores-de-riesgo-cardiovascular-para-ninos-y-adolescentes/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease Risk Factors You Can't Control" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/heart-disease/heart-disease-risk-factors/cant-control">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/heart-health">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Smart Basics: What to Know to Keep Yours Healthy" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AHM-2023-HeartSmartFactSheet_2.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/resources/informacion-basica-sobre-el-corazon-lo-que-hay-que-saber-para-mantener-su-corazon-sano">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart-Health Screenings" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/heart-health-screenings">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart-Healthy Diet: Eight Steps to Prevent Heart Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/ART-20047702?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/art-20047702?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Help My Child Be More Physically Active?" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Change Recipes?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/how-do-i-change-recipes.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="hs-CRP Test (C-Reactive Protein High-Sensitivity)" url="https://www.testing.com/tests/high-sensitivity-c-reactive-protein-hs-crp/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Lifestyle Changes for Heart Attack Prevention" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediterranean Diet: Choose This Heart-Healthy Diet Option" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/mediterranean-diet/art-20047801?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/mediterranean-diet/art-20047801?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Study Tracks Exercise with Mobile Apps to Improve Heart Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/nih-study-tracks-exercise-with-mobile-apps-to-improve-heart-health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-estudio-de-los-institutos-nacionales-de-la-salud-utiliza-aplicaciones-moviles-para-seguir-el-ejercicio-y-mejorar-la-salud-del-corazon">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nuts and Your Heart: Eating Nuts for Heart Health" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/nuts/ART-20046635?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/nuts/art-20046635?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omega-3 fats - Good for your heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity and Your Heart" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart/physical-activity" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon/actividad-fisica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Heart Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/prevention/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Heart Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Diseases%2Fprevention++and++control%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Red Wine and Resveratrol: Good for Your Heart?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/red-wine/ART-20048281?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/red-wine/art-20048281?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self-Care Tips for Heart Health" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/SelfCareTips-for-HeartHealth-508.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stress and your heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Take Action for Your Heart: Get Started!" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/take-action-your-heart-get-started-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Our Hearts, Together" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/taking-care-hearts-together">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Heart Truth" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/heart-truth">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Heart-Healthy Living?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-healthy-living" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vida-cardiosaludable">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many people have high blood pressure, or are at risk for it. Learn how you may be able to prevent or treat it, with simple, healthy lifestyle changes." title="How to Prevent High Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6450" language="English" date-created="02/28/2017">
<also-called>Lowering High Blood Pressure</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Around half of American adults have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; (hypertension). Many of those people don't know they have it because there are usually no warning signs. This can be dangerous, because high blood pressure can lead to life-threatening conditions like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;. The good news is that you can often prevent or treat high blood pressure. Early diagnosis and heart-healthy lifestyle changes can keep high blood pressure from seriously damaging your health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into your arteries (the blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to the tissues and organs in your body). Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Blood pressure is measured as two numbers:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systolic pressure&lt;/strong&gt; (the first and higher number) measures pressure inside your arteries when your heart beats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diastolic pressure&lt;/strong&gt; (the second and lower number) measures the pressure inside your arteries when your heart rests between beats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As an example, a blood pressure reading of 120/80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is high blood pressure diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. So the only way to find out if you have it is to get regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/"&gt;blood pressure checks&lt;/a&gt; from your health care provider. Your provider will use a gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. They will take two or more readings at separate appointments before making a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy and unhealthy blood pressure ranges" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:55%"&gt;Blood Pressure Category&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Systolic Blood Pressure&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:5%"&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Diastolic Blood Pressure&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Less than 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Less than 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Elevated&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;120 - 129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Less than 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;High Blood Pressure Stage 1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;130 - 139&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;80 - 89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;High Blood Pressure Stage 2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;140 or higher&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;90 or higher&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;  
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Hypertensive Crisis (dangerously high blood pressure - seek medical care right away)&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Higher than 180&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Higher than 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For children and teens, the provider compares the blood pressure reading to what is normal for other kids who are the same age, height, and gender.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop high blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop high blood pressure, but there are certain factors that can increase your risk:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Blood pressure tends to rise with age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race/Ethnicity&lt;/strong&gt;. High blood pressure is more common in Black adults. They also tend to have higher average blood pressure numbers and get high blood pressure earlier in life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Men are more likely than women to develop high blood pressure throughout middle age. But in older adults, women are more likely than men to develop high blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain lifestyle habits can raise your risk for high blood pressure, such as eating too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt; (salt) or not enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;potassium&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;lack of exercise&lt;/a&gt;, drinking too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypertension"&gt;genetics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; High blood pressure often runs in families. Many genes are linked to small increases in high blood pressure risk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Social and economic factors:&lt;/strong&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Research shows that factors such as income, education level, where you live, and the type of job you have may raise your risk of high blood pressure. For example, working early or late shifts can raise your risk.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Experiencing discrimination and poverty has been linked to high blood pressure. Also, some research has shown that trauma in childhood may raise the risk of high blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; Some medicines can raise your blood pressure, including:
  &lt;ul&gt;  
  &lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Decongestants (medicines to relieve a stuffy nose)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hormonal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control pills&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain reliever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having certain other medical conditions,&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Some tumors&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Overweight and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;Thyroid problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I prevent high blood pressure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent high blood pressure by having a healthy lifestyle. This means:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eating a healthy diet.&lt;/strong&gt; To help manage your blood pressure, you should limit the amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt; (salt) that you eat and increase the amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;potassium&lt;/a&gt; in your diet. It is also important to eat foods that are lower in fat, as well as plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;DASH eating plan&lt;/a&gt; is an example of an eating plan that can help you to lower your blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Regular physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight and lower your blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Being at a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Being overweight or having obesity increases your risk for high blood pressure. Maintaining a healthy weight can help you control high blood pressure and reduce your risk for other health problems.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limiting alcohol.&lt;/strong&gt; Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. It also adds extra calories, which may cause weight gain.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not smoking.&lt;/strong&gt; Cigarette smoking raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk for heart attack and stroke. If you do not smoke, don't start. If you do smoke, talk to yourprovider for help in finding the best way for you to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Learning how to relax and manage stress can improve your emotional and physical health and lower high blood pressure. Stress management techniques include exercising, listening to music, focusing on something calm or peaceful, and meditating.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough high-quality sleep&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you already have high blood pressure, it is important to prevent it from getting worse or causing complications. You need to get regular medical care and follow your treatment plan. Your plan will include healthy lifestyle habit recommendations and possibly &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6451" language="Spanish">Prevención de la presión arterial alta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006973">Hypertension</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000517">prevention &amp; control</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html" id="1558">Alcohol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4939">Blood Pressure Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" id="6278">DASH Eating Plan</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html" id="34">High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="1508">High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html" id="1359">Quitting Smoking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html" id="422">Stress</related-topic>
<see-reference>High Blood Pressure Prevention</see-reference>
<site title="10 Ways to Control High Blood Pressure without Medication" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20046974?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20046974?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol: Does It Affect Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058254?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058254?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety: A Cause of High Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/FAQ-20058549?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/faq-20058549?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure and Lifestyle Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000101_29.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000101_90.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure: Is It Affected by Cold Weather?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058250?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine: How Does It Affect Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058543?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058543?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Whole-Grain Foods Lower Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/FAQ-20058417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/faq-20058417?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lifestyle Changes for High Blood Pressure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22high+blood+pressure%22&amp;intr=lifestyle&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common High Blood Pressure Myths" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/common-high-blood-pressure-myths">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controlling your high blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000101.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="DASH diet to lower high blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="DASH Diet: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elevated Blood Pressure" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prehypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20376703?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prehypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20376703?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise: A Drug-Free Approach to Lowering High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20045206?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20045206?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get the Most Out of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20047889?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20047889?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Blood Pressure for Healthy Hearts: Tracking Your Numbers" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/HBP_Worksheet_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/presion-arterial-saludable-para-corazones-saludables-seguimiento-de-sus-numeros-healthy">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High blood pressure and diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007483.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Potassium Can Help Control High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/how-potassium-can-help-control-high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypertension: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypertension">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low-salt diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Stress to Control High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/managing-stress-to-control-high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measuring Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mind Your Risks" url="https://www.mindyourrisks.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/prevention/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent High Blood Pressure" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypertension%2Fprevention++and++control%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shaking the Salt Habit to Lower High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/shaking-the-salt-habit-to-lower-high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Deprivation: A Cause of High Blood Pressure?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/sleep-deprivation/faq-20057959?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/sleep-deprivation/faq-20057959?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and your heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/TipsToReduceSodium.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Do You Know About Low Sodium Diets?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007483_28.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007483_89.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection. A pap smear can help detect changes in the cervix caused by HPV. Learn more." title="HPV" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html" id="1715" language="English" date-created="08/15/2002">
<also-called>Human papillomavirus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is HPV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses. They can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html"&gt;warts&lt;/a&gt; on different parts of your body. There are more than 200 types. About 40 of them are spread through direct sexual contact with someone who has the virus. They can also spread through other intimate, skin-to-skin contact. Some of these types can cause cancer.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are two categories of sexually transmitted HPV. Low-risk HPV can cause warts on or around your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html"&gt;genitals&lt;/a&gt;, anus, mouth, or throat. High-risk HPV can cause various cancers:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;Cervical cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html"&gt;Anal cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html"&gt;oral&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html"&gt;throat&lt;/a&gt; cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;Vulvar cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;Vaginal cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Penile cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most HPV infections go away on their own and don't cause cancer. But sometimes the infections last longer. When a high-risk HPV infection lasts for many years, it can lead to cell changes. If these changes are not treated, they may get worse over time and become cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for HPV infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HPV infections are very common. Nearly all sexually active people are infected with HPV soon after they become sexually active.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of HPV infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people develop warts from certain low-risk HPV infections, but the other types (including the high-risk types) have no symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If a high-risk HPV infection lasts for many years and causes cell changes, you may have symptoms. You may also have symptoms if those cell changes develop into cancer. Which symptoms you have depends on which part of the body is affected.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are HPV infections diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers can usually diagnose warts by looking at them.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;For women, there are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;cervical cancer screening tests&lt;/a&gt; which can find changes in the cervix that might lead to cancer.  As part of the screening, women may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/"&gt;Pap tests&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/"&gt;HPV tests &lt;/a&gt;, or both.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for HPV infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An HPV infection itself cannot be treated. There are medicines that you can apply to a wart. If they don't work, your health care provide could freeze, burn, or surgically remove it.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are treatments for the cell changes caused by infection with high-risk HPV. They include medicines that you apply to the area that is affected and various surgical procedures.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;People who have HPV-related cancers usually get the same types of treatment as people who have cancers that are not caused by HPV. An exception to this is for people who have certain oral and throat cancers. They may have different treatment options.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Can HPV infections be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading HPV. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Vaccines can protect against several types of HPV, including some that can cause cancer. The vaccines provide the most protection when people get them before they are exposed to the virus. This means that it is best for people to get them before they become sexually active.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html" id="2281" language="Spanish">Virus del papiloma humano</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D052685">Alphapapillomavirus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D030361">Papillomavirus Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Mahsen en Pohnpei" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Pohnpeian">Pohnpeian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gagana Samoa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Samoan">Samoan</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="lea faka-Tonga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Tongan ">Tongan </other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hpv.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html" id="111">Cervical Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6206">Cervical Cancer Screening</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html" id="4322">Genital Warts</related-topic>
<see-reference>HPV Vaccine</see-reference>
<see-reference>Human Papillomavirus</see-reference>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancers Caused by HPV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/about/cancers-caused-by-hpv.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancers Linked With HPV Each Year" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/cases.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/cases.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical cancer -- screening and prevention" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion#section/all">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Survivor Urges Young People to Get HPV Vaccine" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cervical-cancer-survivor-urges-young-people-to-get-hpv-vaccine" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sobreviviente-de-cancer-cervical-llama-a-los-jovenes-a-vacunarse-contra-el-vph">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Papillomavirus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Papillomavirus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Papillomavirus Vaccines" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Papillomavirus+Vaccines%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital warts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000886.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Here's Why Your Preteen Needs the HPV Vaccine" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/How-to-Talk-to-Your-Preteen-About-HPV-Vaccine.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/how-to-talk-to-your-preteen-about-hpv-vaccine.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV (Human Papillomavirus)" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/hpv-human-papillomavirus" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph-human-papillomavirus-hpv">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/vph-y-cancer">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Cervical Cancer: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hpv-and-cervical-cancer-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-vph-y-el-cancer-de-cuello-uterino-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Genital Warts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000886_41.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000886_96.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Pap Test Results: Next Steps after an Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Test" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV Infection: A Cause of Cancer in Men?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/expert-answers/hpv/faq-20057761?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/expert-answers/hpv/faq-20057761?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007534.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Testing" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-and-hpv-testing.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/vph/vph-y-pruebas-para-vph.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hpv-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV vaccine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007436.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccine (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hpv-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hpv-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hpv-vaccine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-vacuna-del-vph/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccine for Preteens and Teens" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hpv-basics-color.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hpv-basics-color-sp-508.pdf">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccine: Access and Use in the U.S." url="https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-hpv-vaccine-access-and-use-in-the-u-s/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-vacuna-vph">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral human papillomavirus infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007762.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Against HPV: Common Viruses Can Lead to Cancer" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/04/protecting-against-hpv" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/proteccion-contra-el-vph">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Papillomavirus+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Alphapapillomavirus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis or Laryngeal Papillomatosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinating Your Preteen: Addressing Common Concerns" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Vaccinating-Your-Preteen-Addressing-Common-Concerns.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/vaccinating-your-preteen-addressing-common-concerns.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease that causes nerve cells in the brain to waste away. It causes disability that gets worse over time." title="Huntington's Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html" id="1218" language="English" date-created="02/29/2000">
<also-called>HD</also-called>
<also-called>Huntington's chorea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease that causes certain nerve cells in the brain to waste away. People are born with the defective gene, but symptoms usually don't appear until middle age. Early symptoms of HD may include uncontrolled movements, clumsiness, and balance problems. Later, HD can take away the ability to walk, talk, and swallow. Some people stop recognizing family members. Others are aware of their environment and are able to express emotions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If one of your parents has Huntington's disease, you have a 50% chance of getting it. A blood test can tell you if have the HD gene and will develop the disease. Genetic counseling can help you weigh the risks and benefits of taking the test.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure.  Medicines can help manage some of the symptoms, but cannot slow down or stop the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html" id="1964" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Huntington</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006816">Huntington Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="About Huntington's Disease" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Huntingtons-Disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: The Life and Death of a Neuron" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-life-and-death-neuron">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Huntington Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Huntington+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Huntington Disease" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6677/huntington-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11993/enfermedad-de-huntington">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Huntington disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000770.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huntington disease-like syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/huntingtons-disease-like">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Huntington disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/huntingtons-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Huntington's Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/huntingtons-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Huntington's Disease (HD): Genetic Testing and Family Planning" url="https://hdsa.org/what-is-hd/history-and-genetics-of-huntingtons-disease/genetic-testing-family-planning/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Huntington's Disease Society of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huntington's Disease Society of America" url="https://hdsa.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Huntington's Disease Society of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Onset HD" url="https://hdsa.org/what-is-hd/history-and-genetics-of-huntingtons-disease/juvenile-onset-hd/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Huntington's Disease Society of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Long Term Care" url="https://hdsa.org/find-help/healthcare-and-future-planning/long-term-care/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Huntington's Disease Society of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Huntington's Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Huntington+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Huntington's Disease (HD)?" url="https://hdsa.org/what-is-hd/overview-of-huntingtons-disease/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Huntington's Disease Society of America</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los huracanes son tormentas tropicales que producen  lluvias y vientos fuertes a más de 155 millas por hora. Tome estas medidas para protegerse." title="Huracanes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html" id="4615" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Un huracán es una forma severa de tormenta tropical. Los huracanes producen vientos fuertes, lluvias abundantes y tormentas eléctricas.   Los huracanes pueden causar daños tremendos. Los vientos pueden superar las 155 millas por hora. Los huracanes y las tormentas tropicales también pueden generar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tornadoes.html"&gt;tornados&lt;/a&gt; y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html"&gt;inundaciones&lt;/a&gt;. Los vientos fuertes y las lluvias copiosas pueden destruir edificios, carreteras y puentes y derribar líneas eléctricas y árboles. En las áreas costeras, las mareas muy altas llamadas marejadas ciclónicas pueden causar extensos daños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un huracán, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Usted puede necesitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ayuda para superar la situación&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html" id="4614" language="English">Hurricanes</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres naturales</see-reference>
<site title="Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias" url="https://www.fema.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prepararse para un huracán u otra tormenta tropical" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/hurricanes/before.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huracanes" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/huracanes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huracanes" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/huracanes" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/hurricanes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huracanes e inundaciones: Efectos de las condiciones climáticas extremas sobre los productos biológicos" url="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/huracanes-e-inundaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/SafetyAvailability/ProductSecurity/ucm147243.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huracanes y otras tormentas tropicales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/hurricanes/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hurricanes/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listo niños" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejando el estrés traumático: Después del huracán" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/huracan?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/hurricane-stress.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manténgase seguro después de un huracán u otra tormenta tropical" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/hurricanes/be-safe-after.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparación para huracanes o tormentas tropicales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/huracanes/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hurricanes/safety/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Refugio" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/refugio" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/shelter">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria y del agua en caso de apagones eléctricos e inundaciones" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/seguridad-de-los-alimentos-y-el-agua-durante-cortes-de-energia-e-inundaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm076881.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temporada de huracanes: Prepárese" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/temporada-de-huracanes-preparese" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/hurricane-season-be-prepared">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se forman los huracanes?" url="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that produce heavy rains and wind that can exceed 155 miles per hour. Read more about the effects of them." title="Hurricanes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html" id="4614" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<also-called>Cyclones</also-called>
<also-called>Typhoons</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A hurricane is a severe type of tropical storm. Hurricanes produce high winds, heavy rains and thunderstorms.   Hurricanes can cause tremendous damage. Winds can exceed 155 miles per hour. Hurricanes and tropical storms can also spawn &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tornadoes.html"&gt;tornadoes&lt;/a&gt; and lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html"&gt;flooding&lt;/a&gt;. The high winds and heavy rains can destroy buildings, roads and bridges, and knock down power lines and trees. In coastal areas, very high tides called storm surges cause extensive damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety during a hurricane, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html" id="4615" language="Spanish">Huracanes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055867">Cyclonic Storms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hurricanes.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>Natural Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="About Hurricanes and Other Tropical Storms" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hurricanes/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/hurricanes/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumer's Guide to Food Safety: Severe Storms and Hurricanes" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/emergencies/consumers-guide-food-safety-severe" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/seguridad-alimentaria-y-preparacion-para-emergencias/tomentas-huracanes/tormentas-huracanes-severos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hurricane Safety" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/hurricane.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hurricane Season: Be Prepared" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/hurricane-season-be-prepared" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/temporada-de-huracanes-preparese">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Weather Service: Watch, Warning, Advisory Display" url="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for Hurricanes or Other Tropical Storms" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hurricanes/safety/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/huracanes/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hurricanes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cyclonic+Storms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shelter" url="https://www.ready.gov/shelter" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/refugio">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornadoes, Hurricanes, and Children" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/tornadoes-kids?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="http://www.apa.org/centrodeapoyo/ninos.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hydrocephalus is the buildup of too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It can be present at birth, or happen later. Read about causes, treatment." title="Hydrocephalus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html" id="607" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<also-called>Water on the brain</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hydrocephalus is the buildup of too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Normally, this fluid cushions your brain. When you have too much, though, it puts harmful pressure on your brain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hydrocephalus can be congenital, or present at birth. Causes include genetic problems and problems with how the fetus develops. An unusually large head is the main sign of congenital hydrocephalus.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Hydrocephalus can also happen after birth. This is called acquired hydrocephalus. It can occur at any age. Causes can include head injuries, strokes, infections, tumors, and bleeding in the brain. Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting and nausea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurry vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balance problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bladder control problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinking and memory problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hydrocephalus can permanently damage the brain, causing problems with physical and mental development. If untreated, it is usually fatal. With treatment, many people lead normal lives with few limitations. Treatment usually involves surgery to insert a shunt. A shunt is a flexible but sturdy plastic tube. The shunt moves the cerebrospinal fluid to another area of the body where it can be absorbed. Medicine and rehabilitation therapy can also help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html" id="1965" language="Spanish">Hidrocefalia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006849">Hydrocephalus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022">Brain Malformations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html" id="6164">Chiari Malformation</related-topic>
<site title="20 Powerful Facts about Hydrocephalus" url="https://www.hydroassoc.org/powerful-hydrocephalus-facts/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Hydrocephalus Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/birth-disorders-brain-and-spinal-cord">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain herniation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Brain surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hydrocephalus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hydrocephalus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dandy-Walker malformation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dandy-walker-malformation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelles - bulging" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003310.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hydrocephalus">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/symptoms-causes/syc-20373604?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hydrocephalus/symptoms-causes/syc-20373604?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001571.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydrocephalus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hydrocephalus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus and Shunts" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/hydrocephalus-and-shunts/" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Hydrocefalia-y-Derivaciones.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus Association" url="https://www.hydroassoc.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Hydrocephalus Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="L1 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/l1-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/hidrocefalia-de-presion-normal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal pressure hydrocephalus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000752.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000752.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precocious Puberty" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/puberty/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hydrocephalus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radionuclide cisternogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003823.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transillumination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003389.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Head (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000149.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100123_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100123_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculoperitoneal shunting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003019.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar or glucose. Hyperglycemia happens when your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it the right way." title="Hyperglycemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html" id="6125" language="English" date-created="04/08/2013">
<also-called>High blood glucose</also-called>
<also-called>High blood sugar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is blood glucose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;Blood glucose&lt;/a&gt;, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is hyperglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hyperglycemia means high blood glucose. It most often affects people who have diabetes. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it the right way. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hyperglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A key part of managing diabetes is controlling your blood glucose levels. To do this, you need to follow a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;diabetes meal plan&lt;/a&gt; and get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;. You might also need to take diabetes medicines. You have to balance all of these to keep your blood glucose at the right levels. But if you eat too much food or the wrong foods, don't take your medicines correctly, or don't get physical activity, you can get hyperglycemia. It can also happen if you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stressed&lt;/a&gt; or sick.&lt;/p&gt;    

&lt;p&gt;Less commonly, people who don't have diabetes can also get hyperglycemia. It can be caused by conditions that can affect insulin or glucose levels in your blood. They include problems with your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html"&gt;pancreas&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html"&gt;adrenal glands&lt;/a&gt;, certain medicines, and severe illnesses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of hyperglycemia include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling thirsty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling tired or weak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urinating (peeing) often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurred vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are diabetic and you often have high blood glucose levels or the symptoms of hyperglycemia, talk with your health care team. You may need a change in your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, or diabetes medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you don't have diabetes and you are having these symptoms, see your provider to find out the cause and how to treat it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can hyperglycemia cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If hyperglycemia is not treated, it can cause other problems. In people with diabetes, long-term hyperglycemia can lead to serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html"&gt;health problems&lt;/a&gt; (diabetes complications).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your blood glucose levels get very high, you can develop diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA). It happens when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow blood glucose into your cells for use as energy. Instead, your liver breaks down fat for fuel. This process produces acids called ketones. When too many ketones are produced too fast, they can build up to dangerous levels in your body. This can be life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of DKA may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Pain in your abdomen&lt;/a&gt; (belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling very tired or sleepy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have an an at-home test for ketones, check your ketone level every 4 to 6 hours when your blood glucose is very high or when you are having these symptoms. If the test shows that your ketones are moderate or high, or if you don't have a ketones test, contact your health care provider right away or get emergency medical help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hyperglycemia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, you'll most likely need to check your blood glucose every day and make sure that it's not too high. You can do this with a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;There are also &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/"&gt;blood tests&lt;/a&gt; that providers can use to check if your blood glucose is too high.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hyperglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes and often have high blood glucose, your health care team may make changes to your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, and/or diabetes medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have severe hyperglycemia and are having symptoms of DKA, you will need treatment at the hospital. The treatment often includes I.V. (intravenous) fluids and insulin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can hyperglycemia be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, managing your diabetes can help prevent hyperglycemia. To manage your diabetes, it's important to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow your diabetes meal plan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get regular physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you need diabetes medicines, take them correctly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Regularly check your blood glucose level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get regular checkups with your health care team&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html" id="6126" language="Spanish">Hiperglucemia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006943">Hyperglycemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hyperglycemia.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<see-reference>High Blood Glucose</see-reference>
<see-reference>High Blood Sugar</see-reference>
<site title="A1C: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperglycemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperglycemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and DKA (Ketoacidosis)" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/ketoacidosis-dka/dka-ketoacidosis-ketones" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/cetoacidosis.html?loc=lwd-es-slabnav">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and High Blood Sugar" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/high-blood-sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/high-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000304.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Ketoacidosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371551?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic ketoacidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000320.htm">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Hyperglycemia in Diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631?p=1">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Thyroid hormones control the rate of many activities in your body. Hyperthyroidism means the thyroid makes more thyroid hormones than the body needs." title="Hyperthyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6177" language="English" date-created="12/23/2013">
<also-called>Overactive thyroid</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hyperthyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid&lt;/a&gt; gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods. If not treated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious problems with your heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility. But there are treatments that can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hyperthyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hyperthyroidism has several causes. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder in which your immune system attacks your thyroid and causes it to make too much hormone. This is the most common cause.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thyroid nodules, which are growths on your thyroid. They are usually benign (not cancer). But they may become overactive and make too much thyroid hormone. Thyroid nodules are more common in older adults.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid. It causes stored thyroid hormone to leak out of your thyroid gland.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Too much iodine. Iodine is found in some medicines, cough syrups, seaweed and seaweed-based supplements. Taking too much of them can cause your thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Too much thyroid medicine. This can happen if people who take thyroid hormone medicine for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;hypothyroidism&lt;/a&gt; (underactive thyroid) take too much of it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for hyperthyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are at higher risk for hyperthyroidism if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Are a woman&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older than age 60&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have been pregnant or had a baby within the past 6 months&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had thyroid surgery or a thyroid problem, such as goiter&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of thyroid disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have pernicious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, in which the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamin B12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt; or primary adrenal insufficiency, a hormonal disorder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get too much iodine, from eating large amounts of foods containing iodine or using iodine-containing medicines or supplements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary from person to person and may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nervousness or irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble tolerating heat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;Trouble sleeping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html"&gt;Tremor&lt;/a&gt;, usually in your hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;irregular heartbeat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent bowel movements or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mood swings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Goiter, an enlarged thyroid that may cause your neck to look swollen. Sometimes it can cause trouble with breathing or swallowing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adults over age 60 may have different symptoms than younger adults. For example, they may lose their appetite or withdraw from other people. Sometimes this can be mistaken for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can hyperthyroidism cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If hyperthyroidism isn't treated, it can cause some serious health problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An irregular heartbeat that can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;, and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An eye disease called Graves' ophthalmopathy. It can cause double vision, light sensitivity, and eye pain. In rare cases, it can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vision loss&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinning bones and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Fertility problems in women&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;Complications in pregnancy,&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;premature birth&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;high blood pressure in pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, including asking about symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html"&gt;Thyroid tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/"&gt;TSH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/"&gt;T3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/"&gt;T4&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/"&gt;thyroid antibody  blood tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as a thyroid scan, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, or radioactive iodine uptake test.  A radioactive iodine uptake test measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood after you swallow a small amount of it.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hyperthyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for hyperthyroidism include medicines, radioiodine therapy, and thyroid surgery:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; for hyperthyroidism include
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Antithyroid medicines, which cause your thyroid to make less thyroid hormone. You probably need to take the medicines for 1 to 2 years. In some cases, you might need to take the medicines for several years. This is the simplest treatment, but it is often not a permanent cure.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Beta blocker medicines, which can reduce symptoms such as tremors, rapid heartbeat, and nervousness. They work quickly and can help you feel better until other treatments take effect.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Radioiodine therapy&lt;/strong&gt; is a common and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism. It involves taking radioactive iodine by mouth as a capsule or liquid. This slowly destroys the cells of the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone. It does not affect other body tissues. Almost everyone who has radioactive iodine treatment later develops hypothyroidism. This is because the thyroid hormone-producing cells have been destroyed. But hypothyroidism is easier to treat and causes fewer long-term health problems than hyperthyroidism.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; to remove part or most of the thyroid gland is done in rare cases. It might be an option for people with large goiters or pregnant women who cannot take antithyroid medicines. If you have all of your thyroid removed, you will need to take thyroid medicines for the rest of your life. Some people who have part of their thyroid removed also need to take medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have hyperthyroidism, it's important not to get too much iodine. Talk to your health care provider about which foods, supplements, and medicines you need to avoid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6178" language="Spanish">Hipertiroidismo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006980">Hyperthyroidism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html" id="6175">Hypothyroidism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html" id="438">Thyroid Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html" id="439">Thyroid Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html" id="6371">Thyroid Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Basedow's Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Graves' Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Overactive Thyroid</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thyrotoxicosis</see-reference>
<site title="American Thyroid Association" url="https://www.thyroid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Graves Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Graves+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperthyroidism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperthyroidism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Eyes - bulging" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003033.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Factitious hyperthyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000309.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinology - Thyroid Specialist" url="https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/endocrinology-thyroid-doctor/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Free T4 test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Graves disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/graves-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Graves' Disease" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/graves-disease">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Graves' Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/graves-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20356240?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Graves' Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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</site>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Hyperthyroidism" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hyperthyroidism/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hipertiroidismo-es/?adfree=true">
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<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hyperthyroidism.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism: What's the Difference?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothyroidism-vs-hyperthyroidism-whats-the-difference" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotiroidismo-e-hipertiroidismo-cual-es-la-diferencia">
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<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Radioactive Iodine (I-131) Therapy for Hyperthyroidism" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/radioiodine" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/radioiodine">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Disease &amp; Pregnancy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/pregnancy-thyroid-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/enfermedad-tiroides-embarazo">
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<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Nodules" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-nodules/symptoms-causes/syc-20355262?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thyroid-nodules/symptoms-causes/syc-20355262?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Thyroid scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm">
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<site title="Thyroid Scan and Uptake" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thyroiduptake" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thyroiduptake">
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Surgery" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-surgery/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/espanol/cirugia_tiroides.pdf">
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<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroidectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroidectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100135_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100135_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Thyrotoxic Myopathy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/thyrotoxic-myopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000319.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroxine (T4) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TSI test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003685.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Read about the causes and symptoms related to hypoglycemia, a condition that generally affects people with low blood sugar levels." title="Hypoglycemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html" id="1264" language="English" date-created="04/18/2000">
<also-called>Low blood sugar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is blood glucose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;Blood glucose&lt;/a&gt;, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is hypoglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hypoglycemia means low glucose. It happens when the level of glucose in your blood drops below what is healthy for you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For many people with diabetes, this means a blood glucose level lower than 70 mg/dL. Your number might be different, so check with your health care team to find out what blood glucose level is too low for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For people who don't have diabetes, hypoglycemia is typically a blood glucose level lower than 55 mg/dL.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hypoglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hypoglycemia is common in people who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes type 1&lt;/a&gt; or who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes type 2&lt;/a&gt; and take insulin or other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;diabetes medicines&lt;/a&gt;. It can happen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;As a side effect of insulin or some other medicines that help your pancreas release insulin into your blood. These medicines can lower your blood glucose level.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;If you don't eat or drink enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt; (carbs). Carbs are the main source of glucose for your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you get a lot more physical activity than usual.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you drink too much alcohol without enough food.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When you are sick and can't eat enough food or keep food down.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although it's rare, you can still get low blood glucose without having diabetes. The causes can include conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormone&lt;/a&gt; deficiencies (lack of certain hormones). It can also happen in people who have had certain types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;weight loss surgery&lt;/a&gt;. Some medicines, such as certain heart medicines and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, can also cause it. See your health care provider to find out the cause of your low blood glucose and how to treat it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of low blood glucose tend to come on quickly. The symptoms can be different for everyone, but they may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shaking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sweating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nervousness or anxiety&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability or confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hunger&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hypoglycemia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes, you'll most likely need to check your blood glucose every day and make sure that it's not too low. You can do this with a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;There are also &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/"&gt;blood tests&lt;/a&gt; that providers can use to check if your blood glucose is too low.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you don't have diabetes and you have hypoglycemia, your provider will likely order other tests to try to figure out the cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hypoglycemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have mild or moderate hypoglycemia, eating or drinking something with carbohydrates can help. But severe hypoglycemia can cause serious complications, including passing out, coma, or even death. Severe hypoglycemia can be treated with glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. It can be given as nasal spray or injection. If you have diabetes, your provider can prescribe you a glucagon kit for use in case of an emergency.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes and you often have mild or moderate low blood glucose, your health care team may make changes to your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;diabetes meal plan&lt;/a&gt;, physical activity plan, and/or diabetes medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you don't have diabetes and you keep having low blood glucose, the treatment will depend on what is causing it to happen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can hypoglycemia be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have diabetes and you take insulin or other medicines that lower blood glucose, you can help prevent hypoglycemia if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow your diabetes meal plan. Eat and drink enough carbs to keep your blood glucose in your target range. Also carry a source of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets or a juice box, with you in case your blood glucose gets too low.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be safe during physical activity. Check your blood glucose before and afterwards. You may need to eat a snack before your physical activity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you take diabetes medicines, make sure to take them correctly.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html" id="1966" language="Spanish">Hipoglucemia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007003">Hypoglycemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/hypoglycemia.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html" id="6121">Blood Glucose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Low Blood Sugar</see-reference>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="C-Peptide Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-peptide-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-peptido-c/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypoglycemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypoglycemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital hyperinsulinism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-hyperinsulinism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Low Blood Sugar" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/low-blood-sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/low-blood-sugar.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Hypoglycemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Drug-induced low blood sugar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000310.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial glucocorticoid deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-glucocorticoid-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucagon Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucagon-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-glucagon/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperinsulinemia: Is it diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypoglycemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypoglycemia and Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypoglycemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin C-peptide test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003701.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003701.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulin in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/insulin-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/insulina-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/low-blood-glucose-hypoglycemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/hipoglucemia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low blood sugar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000386.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low blood sugar - newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007306.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007306.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low blood sugar - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypoglycemia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypoglycemia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reactive hypoglycemia: What can I do?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/reactive-hypoglycemia/FAQ-20057778?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/reactive-hypoglycemia/faq-20057778?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Hypoglycemia?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hypoglycemia.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People with hypothermia suffer from low body temperature, which is usually below 95 degrees. Read about the common ways to get hypothermia." title="Hypothermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothermia.html" id="291" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Cold-related illness</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cold weather can affect your body in different ways. You can get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html"&gt;frostbite&lt;/a&gt;, which is an injury to the body that is caused by freezing. Your body can also lose heat faster than you can produce it. That can cause hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature. It can make you sleepy, confused, and clumsy. Because it happens gradually and affects your thinking, you may not realize you need help. That makes it especially dangerous. A body temperature below 95 °F (35 °C) is a medical emergency and can lead to death if not treated promptly. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone who spends much time outdoors in cold weather can get hypothermia. You can also get it from being cold and wet, or under cold water for too long. Babies and old people are especially at risk. Babies can get it from sleeping in a cold room. 
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothermia.html" id="1967" language="Spanish">Hipotermia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007035">Hypothermia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothermia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html" id="5829">Frostbite</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4608">Winter Weather Emergencies</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cold (Temperature)</see-reference>
<site title="Avoid Frostbite and Hypothermia" url="https://www.nsc.org/community-safety/safety-topics/seasonal-safety/winter-safety/frostbite">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Safety Council</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypothermia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypothermia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cold intolerance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003095.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold Stress Can Be Prevented" url="https://www.osha.gov/winter-weather/cold-stress">
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<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold Weather Safety for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/cold-weather-safety-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/seguridad/clima-frio-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to prevent frostbite and hypothermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000866.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothermia and Frostbite: Easier to Develop Than You Might Think" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothermia-and-frostbite-easier-to-develop-than-you-might-think" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotermia-y-congelacion">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypothermia: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-hypothermia/basics/ART-20056624?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-hypothermia/basics/art-20056624?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration" url="https://www.osha.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.osha.gov/spanish/index.html">
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<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Hypothermia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothermia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypothermia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Safety Tips for Exercising Outdoors for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Hazards of Hypothermia: Stay Warm in Cold Weather" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/12/hazards-hypothermia" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-peligros-de-la-hipotermia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Working in the Cold" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/cold-stress/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hypothyroidism happens when your thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet your body's needs. Hypothyroidism is more common in women." title="Hypothyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html" id="6175" language="English" date-created="12/23/2013">
<also-called>Underactive thyroid</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is hypothyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body's needs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid&lt;/a&gt; is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods. Without enough thyroid hormones, many of your body's functions slow down. But there are treatments that can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes hypothyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hypothyroidism has several causes. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks your thyroid. This is the most common cause.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Congenital hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism that is present at birth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation treatment&lt;/a&gt; of the thyroid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In rare cases, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html"&gt;pituitary disease&lt;/a&gt; or too much or too little iodine in your diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for hypothyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are at higher risk for hypothyroidism if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Are a woman&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older than age 60&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a thyroid problem before, such as a goiter&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had surgery to correct a thyroid problem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have received radiation treatment to the thyroid, neck, or chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of thyroid disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Were pregnant or had a baby in the past 6 months&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;Turner syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, a genetic disorder that affects females&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have pernicious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, in which the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamin B12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;Sjogren's syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, a disease that causes dry eyes and mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt;, an autoimmune disease that affects the joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;, a chronic autoimmune disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary from person to person and may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight gain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A puffy face&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble tolerating cold&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint and muscle pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry, thinning hair&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased sweating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heavy or irregular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;menstrual periods&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Fertility problems in women&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slowed heart rate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Goiter, an enlarged thyroid that may cause your neck to look swollen. Sometimes it can cause trouble with breathing or swallowing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Because hypothyroidism develops slowly, many people don't notice symptoms of the disease for months or even years.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can hypothyroidism cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hypothyroidism can contribute to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;high cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;. In rare cases, untreated hypothyroidism can cause myxedema coma. This is a condition in which your body's functions slow down to the point that it becomes life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During pregnancy, hypothyroidism can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;complications&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;premature birth&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;high blood pressure in pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriage&lt;/a&gt;. It can also slow the baby's &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;growth and development&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, including asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html"&gt;Thyroid tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as
		&lt;ul&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/"&gt;TSH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/"&gt;T3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/"&gt;T4&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/"&gt;thyroid antibody  blood tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as a thyroid scan, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, or radioactive iodine uptake test. A radioactive iodine uptake test measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood after you swallow a small amount of it.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		 
&lt;/ul&gt; 
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for hypothyroidism?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for hypothyroidism is medicine to replace the hormone that your own thyroid can no longer make. About 6 to 8 weeks after you start taking the medicine, you will get a blood test to check your thyroid hormone level. Your health care provider will adjust your dose if needed. Each time your dose is adjusted, you'll have another blood test. Once you find the right dose, you will probably get a blood test in 6 months. After that, you will need the test once a year.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you take your medicine according to the instructions, you usually should be able to control the hypothyroidism. You should never stop taking your medicine without talking with your health care provider first.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have Hashimoto's disease or other types of autoimmune thyroid disorders, you may be sensitive to harmful side effects from iodine. Talk to your health care provider about which foods, supplements, and medicines you need to avoid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Women need more iodine when they are pregnant because the baby gets iodine from the mother's diet. If you are pregnant, talk with your health care provider about how much iodine you need.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html" id="6176" language="Spanish">Hipotiroidismo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007037">Hypothyroidism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6177">Hyperthyroidism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html" id="438">Thyroid Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html" id="439">Thyroid Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html" id="6371">Thyroid Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hashimoto's Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Underactive Thyroid</see-reference>
<site title="Ali Palmer's New Perspective on Beauty" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ali-palmers-new-perspective-on-beauty" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-nueva-perspectiva-de-ali-palmer-sobre-la-belleza">
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<site title="American Thyroid Association" url="https://www.thyroid.org/">
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<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
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<site title="Chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto disease)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000371.htm">
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<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thyroiditis, Autoimmune" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thyroiditis,+Autoimmune%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Hypothyroidism" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/congenital-hypothyroidism" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/hipotiroidismo-congenito">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
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<site title="Congenital Hypothyroidism (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congenital-hypothyroidism.html?WT.ac=pairedLink" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congenital-hypothyroidism.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital hypothyroidism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-hypothyroidism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Factitious hyperthyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000309.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts About Hypothyroidism" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/fast-facts-about-hypothyroidism" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/datos-breves-sobre-el-hipotiroidismo">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinology - Thyroid Specialist" url="https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/endocrinology-thyroid-doctor/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Free T4 test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hashimoto thyroiditis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hashimotos-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Hashimoto's Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hashimotos-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/enfermedad-de-hashimoto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hashimoto's Disease" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hashimotos-disease" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hashimotos-disease">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Hypothyroidism" url="https://www.thyroid.org/hypothyroidism/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/hipotiroidismo/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothyroidism" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hypothyroidism/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hipotiroidismo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypothyroidism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypothyroidism.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism: What's the Difference?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothyroidism-vs-hyperthyroidism-whats-the-difference" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotiroidismo-e-hipertiroidismo-cual-es-la-diferencia">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypothyroidism: Can It Cause Peripheral Neuropathy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/FAQ-20058489?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/faq-20058489?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothyroidism: Does It Cause Joint Pain?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/FAQ-20057789?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/faq-20057789?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal hypothyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001193.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Therapies Aren't Necessarily Better for Thyroid Hormone Replacement" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/older-therapies-arent-necessarily-better-thyroid-hormone-replacement" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/las-terapias-mas-antiguas-no-son-necesariamente-mejores-para-el-reemplazo-de-la-hormona-tiroidea">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
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<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Silent thyroiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000388.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subacute thyroiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000375.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid and Weight" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-and-weight/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/tiroides-el-peso/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Function Tests" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/las-pruebas-de-funcion-tiroidea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Hormone Treatment" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-hormone-treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/tratamiento-hormona-tiroidea/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Scan and Uptake" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thyroiduptake" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thyroiduptake">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroxine (T4) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triiodothyronine (T3) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why the Internet Can't Diagnose Your Thyroid Problem" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-the-internet-cant-diagnose-your-thyroid-problem" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/por-que-internet-no-puede-diagnosticar-su-problema-de-tiroides">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A hysterectomy is a surgery to remove a woman's uterus. There are different types of hysterectomy surgeries. Learn why they are used as treatments." title="Hysterectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html" id="292" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A hysterectomy is surgery to remove a woman's uterus or womb. The uterus is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant.  After a hysterectomy, you no longer have menstrual periods and can't become pregnant.  Sometimes the surgery also removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes. If you have both ovaries taken out, you will enter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider might recommend a hysterectomy if you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;Fibroids&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html"&gt;Endometriosis&lt;/a&gt; that hasn't been cured by medicine or surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uterine prolapse -  when the uterus drops into the vagina &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html"&gt;uterine&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cervix&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html"&gt;ovaries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Vaginal bleeding&lt;/a&gt; that persists despite treatment  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;Chronic pelvic pain&lt;/a&gt;, as a last resort &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html" id="1968" language="Spanish">Histerectomía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007044">Hysterectomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hysterectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=hysterectomy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/female/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Surgery Can Affect the Sex Life of Females with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/pelvic-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/es/tratamiento/tratamientos-y-efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-fisicos/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/cirugia-pelvica.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hysterectomy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/hysterectomy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002915.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002915.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy - abdominal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000275.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000276.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100029_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100029_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy - vaginal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000285.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="I Had a Hysterectomy. Do I Still Need to See My Ob-Gyn? Do I Still Need Pap Tests?" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/ask-acog/i-had-a-hysterectomy-do-i-still-need-to-see-my-ob-gyn-do-i-need-pap-tests">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oophorectomy (Ovary Removal Surgery)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/oophorectomy/about/pac-20385030?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/oophorectomy/about/pac-20385030?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer: Still Possible after Hysterectomy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/FAQ-20057780?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/faq-20057780?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hysterectomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad por hígado graso ocurre cuando se acumula grasa en el hígado. Hay dos tipos principales: hígado graso no alcohólico y esteatosis hepática alcohólica." title="Hígado graso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html" id="6466" language="Spanish" date-created="05/02/2017">
<also-called>Enfermedad por hígado graso</also-called>
<also-called>Esteatosis hepática</also-called>
<also-called>Hígado adiposo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad por hígado graso?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt; es el órgano más grande dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda a digerir los alimentos, almacenar energía y eliminar las toxinas. La enfermedad por hígado graso es una afección en la que se acumula grasa en el hígado. Hay dos tipos principales:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol, también llamada esteatosis hepática alcohólica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico es un tipo de hígado graso que no está relacionada con el consumo de alcohol. Existen dos tipos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hígado graso simple: Hay grasa en el hígado, pero poca o ninguna inflamación o daño en las células del hígado. En general, el hígado graso simple no es demasiado serio como para causar daño o complicaciones al hígado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Esteatosis hepática no alcohólica: Existe inflamación y daños en las células del hígado, y grasa. La inflamación y el daño de las células del hígado pueden causar fibrosis o cicatrización del hígado. La esteatosis puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html"&gt;cáncer de hígado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como su nombre lo indica, la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol se debe al alto consumo de alcohol. Su hígado descompone la mayor parte del alcohol que bebe para que sea eliminado del cuerpo, pero el proceso de descomposición puede generar sustancias dañinas. Estas sustancias pueden dañar las células del hígado, provocar inflamación y debilitar las defensas naturales del cuerpo. Cuanto más alcohol usted bebe, más daña su hígado. La enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol es la etapa más temprana de la enfermedad del hígado por el alcohol (o hepatopatía alcohólica). Las siguientes etapas son la hepatitis alcohólica y la cirrosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener enfermedad por hígado graso?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa del hígado graso. Los investigadores sí saben que es más común en personas que:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Son de mediana edad o mayores (aunque los niños también pueden sufrirla)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son hispanos, seguidos por blancos no hispanos. Es menos común en afroamericanos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen altos niveles de lípidos (grasas) en la sangre, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toman ciertos medicamentos, como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; y algunas medicinas contra el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos metabólicos&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pierden peso muy rápido &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen ciertas infecciones como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Han estado expuestos a algunas toxinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad por hígado graso afecta a cerca del 25% de la población en el mundo. Así como las tasas de obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 y colesterol alto están subiendo en los EE. UU., lo mismo ocurre con la tasa de enfermedad por hígado graso. Es el trastorno hepático crónico más común en los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol sólo ocurre en personas que beben mucho, especialmente aquellas que han estado bebiendo durante un largo período de tiempo. El riesgo es mayor para bebedores empedernidos de alcohol obesos, mujeres o quienes tienen ciertas mutaciones genéticas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hígado graso?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, tanto la enfermedad de hígado graso como la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol son afecciones silenciosas que tienen pocos o ningún síntoma. Si presenta síntomas, puede sentirse cansado o tener molestias en el lado superior derecho del abdomen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el hígado graso?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debido a que a menudo no hay síntomas, no es fácil diagnosticar la enfermedad por hígado graso. Su médico puede sospechar que la tiene si obtiene resultados anormales en pruebas del hígado que se haya hecho por otras razones. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su médico utilizará:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Varias pruebas, incluyendo análisis de sangre y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, y a veces una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como parte de su historia médica, su proveedor de salud le preguntará sobre su consumo de alcohol para averiguar si la grasa en su hígado es un signo de enfermedad de hígado graso por alcohol o hígado graso no alcohólico. También preguntará por las medicinas que toma, para determinar si una medicina es la causa de su hígado graso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante el examen físico, su médico lo examinará y verificará su peso y altura. También buscará signos de hígado graso, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hígado agrandado (hepatomegalia)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Signos de cirrosis como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;ictericia&lt;/a&gt;, una afección que causa que la piel y el blanco de los ojos se vean amarillo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es probable que le hagan un examen de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de función hepática y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt;. En algunos casos, también puede someterse a pruebas de imagen, como las que comprueban presencia de grasa en el hígado y su rigidez. La rigidez del hígado puede significar fibrosis o cicatrización. En algunos casos, también puede necesitar una biopsia hepática para confirmar el diagnóstico y para confirmar la gravedad del daño al hígado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hígado graso?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para el hígado graso no alcohólico, los médicos recomiendan perder peso. Bajar de peso puede reducir la grasa, la inflamación y la fibrosis en el hígado. Si un su doctor cree que un medicamento es la causa del hígado graso, debe dejar de tomarlo, aunque primero debe consultar con su médico. Es posible que deba bajar la dosis de la medicina en forma gradual, y puede que tenga que tomar otro medicamento en su lugar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay medicamentos que hayan sido aprobados para tratar el hígado graso. Los estudios están buscando si un determinado medicamento para la diabetes o la vitamina E puede ayudar, pero se necesita mayor investigación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La parte más importante del tratamiento de la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol es dejar de beber alcohol. Si necesita ayuda para lograrlo, es probable que deba ver a un terapeuta o participar en un programa de rehabilitación por consumo de alcohol. También hay medicamentos que pueden ayudar, ya sea reduciendo sus ansias o haciendo que se sienta mal si consume alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tanto la enfermedad del hígado graso relacionado al alcohol como un tipo de enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (esteatohepatitis no alcohólica) pueden conducir a cirrosis. Los médicos pueden tratar los problemas de salud causados por la cirrosis con medicamentos, operaciones y otros procedimientos médicos. Si la cirrosis conduce a insuficiencia hepática, es posible que necesite un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de hígado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son algunos cambios en el estilo de vida que pueden ayudar con la enfermedad del hígado graso?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene cualquiera de los tipos de enfermedad del hígado graso, hay algunos cambios en el estilo de vida que pueden ayudar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consuma una dieta saludable, limitando la sal y el azúcar, además de comer muchas frutas, verduras y granos integrales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obtenga las vacunas contra la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html"&gt;hepatitis A&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html"&gt;B&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html"&gt;enfermedad neumocócica&lt;/a&gt;. Si usted tiene hepatitis A o B junto con hígado graso, es más probable que conduzca a insuficiencia hepática. Las personas con enfermedad hepática crónica son más propensas a contraer infecciones, por lo que las otras dos vacunas también son importantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;ejercicio&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia, lo que le puede ayudar a perder peso y reducir la grasa en el hígado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hable con su médico antes de usar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplementos dietéticos&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; o cualquier &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;medicina o práctica médica complementaria o alternativa&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;remedios herbarios&lt;/a&gt; pueden dañar su hígado.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html" id="6465" language="English">Fatty Liver Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<site title="Elastografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/elastography/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólica" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/NAFLD%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólica (EHGNA) y esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/esteatohepatitis-no-alcoholica" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-del-higado-graso-no-alcoholico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hepática alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000281.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico y/o la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/enfermedad-por-higado-graso/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos clínicos para de la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/esteatohepatitis-no-alcoholica/ensayos-clinicos">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatopatía alcohólica" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/hepatopat%C3%ADa-alcoh%C3%B3lica/hepatopat%C3%ADa-alcoh%C3%B3lica" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/alcohol-related-liver-disease/alcohol-related-liver-disease">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hígado graso (esteatosis)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/manifestaciones-cl%C3%ADnicas-de-las-enfermedades-hep%C3%A1ticas/h%C3%ADgado-graso" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/fatty-liver">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hígado graso no alcohólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hígado graso y fibrosis hepática" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fatty-liver-disease">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luchar contra el hígado graso" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/luchar-contra-el-higado-graso" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/10/fighting-fatty-liver">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ictericia es una coloración amarillenta de la piel o de los ojos causada por un exceso de bilirrubina en el cuerpo. Síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Ictericia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html" id="4453" language="Spanish" date-created="05/10/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La ictericia hace que la piel y las partes blancas de los ojos se pongan amarillas. El exceso de bilirrubina causa la ictericia. La bilirrubina es una sustancia química color amarillo que contiene la hemoglobina, sustancia que transporta el oxígeno en los glóbulos rojos. A medida que los glóbulos rojos se degradan, el cuerpo desarrolla nuevas células para sustituirlos. Las células degradadas se procesan en el hígado. Si el hígado no puede manejar las células sanguíneas a medida que se degradan, se acumula bilirrubina en el organismo y la piel puede verse  amarilla. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos bebés sanos tienen un poco de ictericia en la primera semana de vida. Por lo general, desaparece espontáneamente. Sin embargo, la ictericia puede ocurrir a cualquier edad y ser un signo de que existe un problema. La ictericia puede presentarse por varios motivos, tales como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades de la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Síndromes genéticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades hepáticas, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Obstrucción de los conductos biliares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infecciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Medicamentos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html" id="4452" language="English">Jaundice</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009">Enfermedades del hígado</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras ictericia del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Bilirrubina" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-bilirubin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-bilirubin.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia biliar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bililuces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002394.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirrubina en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003595.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de hígado" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Liver%20Biopsy%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Causas de la ictericia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007491.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiografía transhepática percutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reconocer la ictericia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-reconocer-la-ictericia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/10/recognizing-jaundice">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía bilirrubínica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007309.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de bilirrubina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003479.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de bilirrubina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-bilirrubina-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la fosfatasa alcalina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exanguinotransfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperbilirrubinemia familiar transitoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001196.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictericia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000210.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictericia del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001559.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictericia del recién nacido: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000257.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000257.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictericia en recién nacidos sanos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jaundice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jaundice.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictericia infantil" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ictericia-infantil-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/infant-jaundice/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictericia y lactancia materna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000995.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000995.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Serie de la exanguinotransfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Crigler-Najjar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001127.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Dubin-Johnson" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000242.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Gilbert" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20372811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20372811?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Gilbert" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000301.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your immune system is made up of cells, tissues, and organs that fight infections and diseases. Learn how it works, and about diseases of the immune system." title="Immune System and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html" id="295" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the immune system?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs. Together they help the body fight infections and other diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When germs such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt; invade your body, they attack and multiply. This is called an infection. The infection causes the disease that makes you sick. Your immune system protects you from the disease by fighting off the germs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the parts of the immune system?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The immune system has many different parts, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your skin, which can help prevent germs from getting into the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mucous membranes, which are the moist, inner linings of some organs and body cavities. They make mucus and other substances which can trap and fight germs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White blood cells, which fight germs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organs and tissues of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;lymph system&lt;/a&gt;, such as the thymus, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html"&gt;spleen&lt;/a&gt;, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;bone marrow&lt;/a&gt;.  They produce, store, and carry white blood cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does the immune system work?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your immune system defends your body against substances it sees as harmful or foreign. These substances are called antigens. They may be germs such as bacteria and viruses. They might be chemicals or toxins. They could also be cells that are damaged from things like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sunburn&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When your immune system recognizes an antigen, it attacks it. This is called an immune response. Part of this response is to make antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that work to attack, weaken, and destroy antigens. Your body also makes other cells to fight the antigen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Afterwards, your immune system remembers the antigen. If it sees the antigen again, it can recognize it. It will quickly send out the right antibodies, so in most cases, you don't get sick. This protection against a certain disease is called immunity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of immunity?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are three different types of immunity:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Innate immunity&lt;/strong&gt; is the protection that you are born with. It is your body's first line of defense. It includes barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes. They keep harmful substances from entering the body. It also includes some cells and chemicals which can attack foreign substances.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Active immunity&lt;/strong&gt;, also called adaptive immunity, develops when you are infected with or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccinated&lt;/a&gt; against a foreign substance. Active immunity is usually long-lasting. For many diseases, it can last your entire life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Passive immunity&lt;/strong&gt; happens when you receive antibodies to a disease instead of making them through your own immune system. For example, newborn babies have antibodies from their mothers. People can also get passive immunity through blood products that contain antibodies. This kind of immunity gives you protection right away. But it only lasts a few weeks or months.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can go wrong with the immune system?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a person may have an immune response even though there is no real threat. This can lead to problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergies&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;. If you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other immune system problems happen when your immune system does not work correctly. These problems include immunodeficiency diseases. If you have an immunodeficiency disease, you get sick more often. Your infections may last longer and can be more serious and harder to treat. They are often &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are other diseases that can affect your immune system. For example, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; is a virus that harms your immune system by destroying your white blood cells. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have badly damaged immune systems. They get an increasing number of severe illnesses.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="MDA5 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mda5-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monoclonal Gammopathies" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/monoclonal-gammopathies">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nitroblue tetrazolium blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Omenn syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/omenn-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Immunodeficiency Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/overview-of-immunodeficiency-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%c3%b3gicos/inmunodeficiencias/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-inmunodeficiencias">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Immune System" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-system-overview">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="People at Risk: Those with Weakened Immune Systems" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/people-with-weakened-immune-systems" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mgac/personas-con-el-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="PGM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pgm3-congenital-disorder-of-glycosylation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phagocytosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000098.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PLCG2-Associatiated Antibody Deficiency Immune Dysregulation (PLAID)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/plcg2-associated-antibody-deficiency-and-immune-dysregulation-plaid">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Poikiloderma with neutropenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/poikiloderma-with-neutropenia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Immune Deficiency Disease Genetics and Inheritance" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/pidds-genetics-inheritance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases (PIDDs)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/primary-immune-deficiency-diseases-pidds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immune system" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Immune+System%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Immune+System+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/purine-nucleoside-phosphorylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quantitative nephelometry test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recurrent Infections May Signal Immunodeficiencies" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/immuno-deficiency/recurrent-infections-immunodeficiencies" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-inmunodeficiencias/la-recurrencia-de-infecciones-puede-indicar-inmuno">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Repeated Infections in Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Selective deficiency of IgA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001476.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Selective IgA Deficiency" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/primary-immunodeficiency-disease/selective-iga-deficiency">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serum sickness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000820.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/severe-immunodeficiency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/severe-immunodeficiency.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondyloenchondrodysplasia-with-immune-dysregulation">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Systemic mastocytosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-mastocytosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/t-cell-immunodeficiency-congenital-alopecia-and-nail-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Doctor about Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/pidds-talking-your-doctor">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Immunocompromised Travelers" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/additional-considerations/immunocompromised-travelers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="TRNT1 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/trnt1-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/types-pidds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vici syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vici-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis (WHIM) Syndrome" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/warts-hypogammaglobulinemia-infections-myelokathexis-syndrome-whims">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weakened Immune Systems" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/Weakened-Immune-Systems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/weakened-immune-systems.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Allergist / Immunologist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Allergist-Immunologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-allergist-immunologist.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Wiskott-Aldrich-Syndrome-Factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wiskott-aldrich-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/x-linked-agammaglobulinemia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked agammaglobulinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-agammaglobulinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked hyper IgM syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-hyper-igm-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-immunodeficiency-with-magnesium-defect-epstein-barr-virus-infection-and-neoplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked lymphoproliferative disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-lymphoproliferative-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-severe-combined-immunodeficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yao syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/yao-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ZAP70-related severe combined immunodeficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/zap70-related-severe-combined-immunodeficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Impaired driving affects everyone. Some of the causes include sleepiness, drugs and alcohol. Learn how to ensure safety on the road." title="Impaired Driving" url="https://medlineplus.gov/impaireddriving.html" id="4911" language="English" date-created="01/12/2009">
<also-called>Distracted driving</also-called>
<also-called>Drugged driving</also-called>
<also-called>Drunk driving</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Impaired driving is dangerous. It's the cause of more than half of all car crashes.  It means operating a motor vehicle while you are affected by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Legal or illegal drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleepiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distractions, such as using a cell phone or texting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a medical condition which affects your driving&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For your safety and the safety of others, do not drive while impaired.  Have someone else drive you or take public transportation when you cannot drive. If you need to take a call or send a text message, pull over.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;National Highway Traffic Safety Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html" id="4912" language="Spanish">Inhabilidad para conducir</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000066448">Driving Under the Influence</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000071826">Distracted Driving</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/impaireddriving.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/impaireddriving.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/impaireddriving.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/impaireddriving.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/impaireddriving.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="155">Motor Vehicle Safety</related-topic>
<see-reference>Driving</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drugged Driving</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drunk Driving</see-reference>
<site title="Alcohol-Impaired Driving" url="https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813450">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Alcohol Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-alcohol-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alcohol-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breath alcohol test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003632.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Driving Under the Influence" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Driving+Under+the+Influence%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dangers of Distracted Driving" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/dangers-texting-while-driving" language-mapped-url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/las-distracciones-al-conducir-son-peligrosas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dementia and driving" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distracted driving" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000818.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distracted Driving" url="https://www.cdc.gov/distracted-driving/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/distracted_driving/index-esp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Driver Electronic Device Use in 2021" url="https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813357">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Driving after Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke/recovery/daily-living/driving-after-stroke">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Driving Safety and Alzheimer's Disease" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/driving-safety-and-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Driving When You Have Cataracts" url="https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/10900b-drivewell-handout-cataracts.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugged Driving" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/conducir-bajo-el-efecto-de-drogas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do You Know When It's Time to Give up the Keys?" url="https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/news%202017-03/HealthyLivingTips_GiveUptheKeys.pdf">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Impaired Driving Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/impaired-driving/facts/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="On the road" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/safety/road/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impaired Driving" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Distracted+Driving%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Driving+Under+the+Influence%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe Driving for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/safe-driving-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/conduccion-automoviles/conductores-tercera-edad">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Some Medicines and Driving Don't Mix" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/some-medicines-and-driving-dont-mix" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/algunas-medicinas-y-el-volante-no-se-mezclan">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="State Alcohol-Impaired-Driving Estimates" url="https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813472">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Impetigo is a skin infection caused by staph or strep bacterias. It can spread by contact with an infected person. Treated with antibiotics." title="Impetigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html" id="1253" language="English" date-created="06/28/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Impetigo is a skin infection caused by bacteria. It is usually caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html"&gt;staphylococcal&lt;/a&gt; (staph) bacteria, but it can also be caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;streptococcal&lt;/a&gt; (strep) bacteria. It is most common in children between the ages of two and six. It usually starts when bacteria get into a break in the skin, such as a cut, scratch, or insect bite. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms start with red or pimple-like sores surrounded by red skin. These sores can be anywhere, but usually they occur on your face, arms and legs. The sores fill with pus, then break open after a few days and form a thick crust. They are often itchy, but scratching them can spread the sores. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Impetigo can spread by contact with sores or nasal discharge from an infected person. You can treat impetigo with antibiotics. &lt;/p&gt;


</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html" id="1971" language="Spanish">Impétigo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007169">Impetigo</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Impetigo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/impetigo.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecthyma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000864.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group A Streptococcal Infections" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/group-streptococcal-infections">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/impetigo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/impetigo.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000860.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/impetigo?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/impetigo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/impetigo.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/impetigo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/impetigo.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo: Tips for Treatment and Prevention" url="https://doctorsthatdo.osteopathic.org/impetigo-common-skin-infection-children">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo: What to Know about This Common Skin Infection in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Impetigo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/impetigo.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Impetigo" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Impetigo%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Staph Infections" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/staphylococcus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/staphylococcus.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un implante coclear puede ayudar a las personas sordas o a las que tienen graves problemas de audición. Lea sobre cómo se coloca un implante aquí." title="Implantes cocleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html" id="5215" language="Spanish" date-created="04/07/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un implante coclear es un dispositivo electrónico pequeño y complejo que puede ayudar a proporcionar algún sentido de la audición. Personas que sean profundamente  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;sordas&lt;/a&gt; o que tengan graves dificultades auditivas pueden beneficiarse con su uso. El implante consiste en dos partes. Una parte externa que se sitúa detrás de la oreja y una segunda parte que se coloca quirúrgicamente debajo de la piel.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Este implante no restablece la audición normal. Puede proporcionar a una persona sorda una comprensión del habla. Tanto niños como adultos pueden beneficiarse de ellos.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html" id="5214" language="English">Cochlear Implants</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html" id="5217">Audífonos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3694">Problemas de audición en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939">Problemas de la audición y sordera</related-topic>
<site title="Audición y la cóclea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Implante coclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007203.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implantes cocleares" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cochlear-implants/about/pac-20385021?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cochlear-implants/expert-answers/cochlear-implants/faq-20058398?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implantes cocleares" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/implantes-cocleares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/cochlear-implants">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Implantes cocleares y trastornos vestibulares" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/cochlear_implants_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunación e implantes cocleares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El impétigo es una infección de la piel causada por las bacterias estafilococos o estreptococos. Se trata con antibióticos. Conozca los síntomas aquí." title="Impétigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html" id="1971" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El impétigo es una infección de la piel. Generalmente, es causada por la bacteria &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html"&gt;estafilococo&lt;/a&gt; pero algunas veces el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;estreptococo&lt;/a&gt; también puede causarla. Es más común en los niños entre dos y seis años. Suele comenzar cuando las bacterias entran por una grieta de la piel, como una cortadura, rasguño o picadura de un insecto. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los primeros síntomas son pequeñas llagas rojizas o similares a una espinilla rodeadas por piel enrojecida. Estas llagas suelen presentarse en la cara, los brazos y las piernas, aunque pueden encontrarse en otros lugares. Las llagas se llenan de pus, al cabo de algunos días se abren y forman una costra gruesa. Con frecuencia pican, pero rascarse puede diseminar las llagas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El impétigo puede contagiarse por contacto con las lesiones o la secreción nasal de una persona infectada. Puede tratarse con antibióticos. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html" id="1253" language="English">Impetigo</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Acerca del impétigo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-del-impetigo.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectima" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000864.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impétigo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/impetigo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/impetigo.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impétigo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/impetigo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/impetigo.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impétigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000860.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impétigo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/impetigo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/impetigo.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impétigo: todo lo que debe saber sobre esta infección común de la piel en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/impetigo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Impetigo.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estafilococo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/staphylococcus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/staphylococcus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM) usan un gran imán y ondas de radio para examinar los órganos y las estructuras internas del cuerpo. Más aquí." title="Imágenes por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html" id="3954" language="Spanish" date-created="08/23/2005">
<also-called>RMN</also-called>
<also-called>Resonancia magnética nuclear</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los estudios con imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM) usan un gran imán y ondas de radio para observar órganos y estructuras que se encuentran al interior del cuerpo. Los profesionales de la salud utilizan estas imágenes para diagnosticar una variedad de afecciones, desde rupturas de ligamentos hasta tumores. Las imágenes por resonancia magnética son muy útiles para examinar el cerebro y la médula espinal. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Durante el escaneo, el paciente se acuesta en una mesa que se desliza dentro de un aparato con forma de túnel. La realización del estudio suele demorar y el paciente debe permanecer inmóvil. La exploración no causa dolor. La máquina de IRM hace mucho ruido. El técnico puede ofrecerle tapones para los oídos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antes de realizarse un estudio, dígale al médico si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Está embarazada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene piezas de metal en su cuerpo. Usted puede tener metal en su cuerpo si tiene lesiones de bala o perdigones o si es soldador&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene dispositivos electrónicos o metálicos en el cuerpo, como un marcapasos cardíaco o una articulación artificial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html" id="3953" language="English">MRI Scans</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<see-reference>IRM</see-reference>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de mama guiada por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastbimr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbimr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Como leer su informe de radiología" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Defecografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/defecography-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/defecography-mri">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos Médicos Robóticos y Biónicos" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/dispositivos-medicos-roboticos-y-bionicos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de términos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imágenes por resonancia magnética en niños (pediátricas)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pediatric-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pediatric-mri">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Materiales de contraste" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-contrast" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-contrast">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de una resonancia magnética, RM" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-mri.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/video-mri.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003335.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética cardíaca (RM cardíaca)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/resonancia-magnetica-cardiaca-rm/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007354.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007357.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del brazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003795.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) de dinámica del piso pelviano" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética y el lumbago" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007493.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética: ¿El gadolinio es seguro para las personas con problemas renales?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de cuerpo (tórax, abdomen, pelvis)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la próstata" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mr_prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mr_prostate">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la rodilla" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/kneemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/kneemr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de mama" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastmr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del hombro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de la RM" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-mr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-mr">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de la RM durante el embarazo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-mri-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-mri-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por resonancia magnética (TRM)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/tomografia-por-resonancia-magnetica-trm/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/urography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/urography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los incendios forestales son fuegos fuera de control en un área natural, como bosques, pastizales o praderas. Aprenda cómo prevenirlos y tome medidas para protegerse." title="Incendios forestales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html" id="4605" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los incendios forestales son fuegos fuera de control en un área natural, como bosques, pastizales o praderas. A menudo comienzan inadvertidos. Se propagan rápidamente y pueden dañar recursos naturales, destruir hogares y amenazar la seguridad de la población y de los bomberos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los seres humanos causan la mayoría de los incendios forestales. Pueden ocurrir por accidente, como cuando las personas no prestan atención a una fogata, queman escombros o son descuidados al botar los cigarrillos. También pueden provocarse a propósito, a lo que se llama incendio premeditado. Los rayos y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html"&gt;lava&lt;/a&gt; también pueden causar incendios forestales. Estos son más comunes cuando las condiciones son secas. Los vientos fuertes pueden hacer que avancen más rápidamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad si usted vive en un área amenazada por un incendio forestal, puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Usted debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan para desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;formas para afrontarlo&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html" id="4604" language="English">Wildfires</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres naturales</see-reference>
<site title="Cree una habitación limpia para proteger la calidad del aire interior durante un incendio forestal" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/cree-una-habitacion-limpia-para-proteger-la-calidad-del-aire-interior-durante-un-incendio">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo puede afectar la salud el humo de los incendios" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/como-puede-afectar-la-salud-el-humo-de-los-incendios">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humo de incendios forestales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/incendiosforestales/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/wildfires/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humo de los incendios forestales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/wildfires/smoke.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/wildfires/smoke.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incendios forestales" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/incendios-forestales" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/wildfires">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incendios forestales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/wildfires/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/air/wildfire-smoke/default.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incendios forestales: Información para los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/wildfires-information-for-parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Wildfires-Information-for-Parents.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones por inhalación: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Listo niños" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manténgase seguro después de un incendio forestal" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/wildfires/afterfire.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/wildfires/safety/how-to-safely-stay-safe-after-a-wildfire.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La incompatibilidad Rh ocurre durante el embarazo si la sangre de la madre es Rh negativo y la del bebé es Rh positivo. Aprenda más aquí." title="Incompatibilidad Rh" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html" id="5902" language="Spanish" date-created="11/03/2011">
<also-called>Enfermedad hemolítica del neonato inducida por Rh</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hay cuatro tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html"&gt;sangre&lt;/a&gt; principales: A, B, O y AB. Los grupos se definen si tiene ciertas proteínas en sus glóbulos rojos. Otro tipo de sangre se basa en una proteína diferente llamada factor Rh. La mayoría de las personas son Rh positivas, tienen un factor Rh. Las personas Rh negativo no lo tienen. El factor RH se hereda a través de los genes.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazada&lt;/a&gt;, la sangre de su bebé puede pasar a su torrente sanguíneo, sobre todo durante el parto. Se llama incompatibilidad Rh cuando usted es Rh negativo y su bebé es Rh positivo. Su cuerpo reacciona a  la sangre de su bebé como si fuera una sustancia extraña, creando anticuerpos contra la sangre del bebé.  Estos anticuerpos, en general, no causan problemas durante el primer embarazo.  &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, los anticuerpos permanecerán en su cuerpo una vez se hayan formado. Esto puede causar problemas en un embarazo posterior si el bebé es Rh positivo. Los anticuerpos pueden pasar a la placenta y atacar los glóbulos rojos de su bebé. El bebé puede tener la enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido por Rh, una afección que puede causar un tipo de anemia serio.   &lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los análisis de sangre pueden determinar si usted o su bebé tienen factor Rh positivo y si su cuerpo ha creado anticuerpos. Si su bebé necesita tratamiento, las opciones incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusiones de sangre&lt;/a&gt; y suplementos para ayudar a su cuerpo a producir glóbulos rojos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html" id="5901" language="English">Rh Incompatibility</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>RH, incompatibilidad</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de factor Rh" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001298.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de distribución de eritrocitos materno-fetales en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003407.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidropesía fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007308.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incompatibilidad de Rh durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rh.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rh.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incompatibilidad RH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001600.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incompatibilidad Rh" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/incompatibilidad-de-rh.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/rh-disease.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos contra los glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-los-globulos-rojos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-antibody-screen/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre las causas, el tratamiento y el manejo de la incontinencia intestinal, también conocida como  incontinencia fecal." title="Incontinencia fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html" id="5317" language="Spanish" date-created="01/27/2011">
<also-called>Incontinencia intestinal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Incontinencia fecal es la incapacidad de controlar sus intestinos. Cuando a usted le urge  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html"&gt;ir al baño&lt;/a&gt;, y no puede aguantarse hasta llegar. Más de cinco millones y medio de estadounidenses sufren de incontinencia fecal. Afecta a personas de todas las edades - niños y adultos. Es más común en mujeres y en adultos mayores, pero no forma parte normal del envejecimiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño en los músculos o nervios del ano o del recto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html"&gt;Problemas del piso pélvico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos incluyen cambios en la dieta, medicinas, ejercicios para fortalecer los músculos del área o cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html" id="5316" language="English">Bowel Incontinence</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html" id="1741">Enfermedades del ano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html" id="5263">Evacuación de las heces</related-topic>
<site title="Cambios en el control de los esfínteres por el parto" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/cambios-en-el-control-de-los-esfinteres-por-el-parto/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos externos para la incontinencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003974.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encopresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001570.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia fecal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/incontinencia-fecal?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/control-intestinal">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia fecal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/incontinencia-fecal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fecal-incontinence/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia fecal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/incontinencia-fecal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/bowel-control-problems-fecal-incontinence">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia fecal y estreñimiento en los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/estrenimiento-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia fecal y la edad" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/incontinencia-fecal-y-la-edad/">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003135.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo y tratamiento médico de la incontinencia" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/manejo-y-tratamiento-medico-de-la-incontinencia/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reeducación del esfínter anal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003971.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viviendo y sobrellevando la incontinencia" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/viviendo-y-sobrellevando-la-incontinencia/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La incontinencia urinaria, la pérdida del control de la vejiga, es una afección común. Conozca los diferentes tipos, síntomas y causas de la incontinencia urinaria y sus tratamientos." title="Incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html" id="2211" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas de control de la micción</also-called>
<also-called>Pérdida del control de la vejiga</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la incontinencia urinaria?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La incontinencia urinaria es la pérdida del control de la vejiga o la incapacidad de controlar la micción (orinar). Es una afección común. Puede variar desde un problema menor hasta algo que afecta en gran medida su vida diaria. En cualquier caso, puede mejorar con un tratamiento adecuado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de incontinencia urinaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay varios tipos diferentes de incontinencia urinaria. Cada tipo tiene diferentes síntomas y causas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Incontinencia de esfuerzo&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando el estrés o la presión sobre la vejiga le hacen perder orina. Esto puede pasar al toser, estornudar, reír, levantar algo pesado o realizar actividad física. Sus causas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html"&gt;debilidad de los músculos del piso pélvico&lt;/a&gt; y una vejiga fuera de su posición normal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Incontinencia de urgencia&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando tiene una fuerte necesidad (urgencia) de orinar y algo de orina se escapa antes de que pueda llegar al baño. A menudo se relaciona con una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html"&gt;vejiga hiperactiva&lt;/a&gt;. La incontinencia de urgencia es más común en personas mayores. A veces, puede ser un signo de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infección de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt;. También puede ocurrir en algunas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;afecciones neurológicas&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;esclerosis múltiple&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones de la médula espinal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Incontinencia por rebosamiento&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando la vejiga no se vacía por completo. Esto hace que quede demasiada orina en la vejiga. Su vejiga se llena demasiado y pierde orina. Esta forma de incontinencia urinaria es más común en los hombres. Algunas de sus causas incluyen tumores, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html"&gt;cálculos renales&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; y ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Incontinencia funcional&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad &lt;/a&gt; física o mental, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para hablar&lt;/a&gt; o algún otro problema le impide llegar al baño a tiempo. Por ejemplo, una persona con artritis puede tener problemas para desabrocharse los pantalones, o una persona con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt; puede no darse cuenta su necesidad de programar sus visitas al baño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Incontinencia mixta&lt;/strong&gt;: Significa que tiene más de un tipo de incontinencia. En general, es una combinación de incontinencia de esfuerzo y de urgencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Incontinencia transitoria&lt;/strong&gt;: Es una pérdida de orina causada por una situación temporal (transitoria) como una infección o un nuevo medicamento. Una vez que se elimina la causa, la incontinencia desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mojar la cama&lt;/strong&gt;: Es la pérdida de orina durante el sueño. Esto es más común en niños, pero a los adultos también les puede ocurrir&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Mojar la cama es normal para muchos niños. Es más común en varones. A menudo, mojar la cama no se considera un problema de salud, especialmente cuando es hereditario. Pero si aún ocurre con frecuencia a los 5 años o más, puede deberse a un problema de control de la vejiga. Esto podría deberse a un desarrollo físico lento, una enfermedad, la producción de demasiada orina por la noche u otro problema. A veces hay más de una causa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En los adultos, las causas incluyen algunos medicamentos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;Aacohol&lt;/a&gt;. También puede ser causada por ciertos problemas de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinsipidus.html"&gt;diabetes insípida&lt;/a&gt;, una infección del tracto urinario, cálculos renales, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;agrandamiento de la próstata&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener incontinencia urinaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los adultos, tiene un mayor riesgo de presentar incontinencia urinaria si usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es mujer, especialmente después de pasar por un embarazo, un parto o la menopausia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es adulto mayor. A medida que envejece, los músculos del tracto urinario se debilitan, lo que dificulta la retención de orina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Es un hombre con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html"&gt;problemas de próstata&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como diabetes, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt; prolongado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es fumador&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defecto de nacimiento&lt;/a&gt; que afecta la estructura de su tracto urinario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;En los niños, la enuresis es más común en los niños más pequeños, los varones y aquellos cuyos padres mojaron la cama cuando eran niños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la incontinencia urinaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para hacer un diagnóstico:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Historia clínica: Incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas. Su proveedor puede pedirle que lleve un diario sobre su control de vejiga durante unos días antes de su cita. Este registro incluye cuánto y cuándo bebe líquidos, cuándo y cuánto orina y si tiene pérdida de orina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Examen físico: Puede incluir un examen rectal. Las mujeres también pueden hacerse un examen pélvico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre y / o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html"&gt;orina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de función de la vejiga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la incontinencia urinaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tipo y la causa de su incontinencia urinaria. Es posible que necesite una combinación de tratamientos. Al principio, su proveedor puede sugerir tratamientos de cuidado personal, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida para reducir las fugas&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beber una cantidad adecuada de líquido en el momento adecuado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar físicamente activo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Mantener un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el estreñimiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entrenamiento de la vejiga&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto implica orinar según un horario. Su proveedor elabora un horario a partir de la información de su diario de vejiga. Una vez que se ha adaptado a este horario, en forma gradual espera un poco más entre sus visitas al baño. Esto puede ayudar a estirar la vejiga para que pueda contener más orina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer ejercicios para fortalecer los músculos del piso pélvico&lt;/strong&gt;: Unos músculos fuertes del piso pélvico retienen la orina mejor que músculos débiles. También llamados ejercicios de Kegel, estos ejercicios de fortalecimiento implican tensar y relajar los músculos que controlan el flujo de orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si estos tratamientos no funcionan, su proveedor puede sugerir otras opciones, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, que pueden usarse para:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Relajar los músculos de la vejiga para ayudar a prevenir espasmos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bloquear las señales nerviosas que causan frecuencia y urgencia urinaria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; En los hombres, encoger la próstata y mejorar el flujo de orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  

  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Dispositivos médicos&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Un catéter, que es un tubo para sacar la orina del cuerpo. Puede usar uno varias veces al día o todo el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para las mujeres, un pesario o un dispositivo similar a un tampón que se coloca en la vagina. El dispositivo empuja su uretra para ayudar a disminuir las fugas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aumentadores de volumen&lt;/strong&gt;, que se inyectan en el cuello de la vejiga y los tejidos de la uretra para engrosarlos. Esto ayuda a cerrar la abertura de la vejiga para que tenga menos fugas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estimulación nerviosa eléctrica&lt;/strong&gt;, que implica cambiar los reflejos de la vejiga usando pulsos de electricidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía para mantener la vejiga en su posición normal&lt;/strong&gt;. Esto se puede hacer con un cabestrillo que se fija al hueso púbico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html" id="114" language="English">Urinary Incontinence</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html" id="2212">Infecciones de las vías urinarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="2264">Problemas del piso pélvico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html" id="6133">Vejiga hiperactiva</related-topic>
<see-reference>Control de la vejiga</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vejiga, Control de la</see-reference>
<site title="Alta de mujeres tras cirugía para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000134.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bolsas de drenaje de orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el control de los esfínteres por el parto" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/cambios-en-el-control-de-los-esfinteres-por-el-parto/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinta vaginal libre de tensión para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007377.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres: Qué hacer después" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/in-depth/urinary-incontinence-surgery/ART-20046858?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/in-depth/urinary-incontinence-surgery/ART-20046858?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistocele" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/cystocele">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de la vejiga: Medicamentos contra los problemas urinarios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/in-depth/bladder-control-problems/art-20044220?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/in-depth/bladder-control-problems/ART-20044220?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se tiene incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000138.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003142_94.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003142_39.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la piel e incontinencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003976.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda permanente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda suprapúbica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con los ejercicios de Kegel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000141.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con productos para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico por la imagen (imagenología) de las vías urinarias" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos externos para la incontinencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003974.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios de Kegel para hombres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios Kegel para sus músculos pélvicos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejercicios-kegel-para-sus-musculos-pelvicos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/kegel-exercises-for-your-pelvic-muscles/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades urológicas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento de la vejiga para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/entrenamiento-de-la-vejiga-para-la-incontinencia-urinaria/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/bladder-training-urinary-incontinence/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esfínter artificial inflable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003983.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esfínter urinario artificial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100115_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100115_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Función de la vejiga: Control neurológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000009.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Implantes inyectables para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007373.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia imperiosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001270.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/incontinencia/incontinencia-urinaria">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003142.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000891.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000891.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria nocturna en adultos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/expert-answers/adult-bed-wetting/faq-20058456?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/expert-answers/adult-bed-wetting/FAQ-20058456?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria por esfuerzo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stress-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20355727?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20355727?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000188.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección renal (pielonefritis)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/infecciones-urinarias-iu/infecci%C3%B3n-renal">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mojar la cama (Enuresis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/enuresis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enuresis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orinarse en la cama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000703.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesario vaginal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pesario-vaginal/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vaginal-pessary/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de control de la vejiga (incontinencia urinaria)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-control-vejiga-incontinencia-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de control de la vejiga en mujeres: Estrategias de estilo de vida para aliviarlos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/in-depth/bladder-control-problem/art-20046597?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/in-depth/bladder-control-problem/ART-20046597?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de control de la vejiga y de mojar la cama en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-control-vejiga-enuresis-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems-bedwetting-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<organization>Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos de cabestrillo vaginal para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007376.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003973.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas urodinámicas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-urodinamicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urodynamic-testing">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de la uretra y la vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100002_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100002_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suspensión retropúbica para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007374.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los problemas de control de la vejiga (incontinencia urinaria)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-control-vejiga-incontinencia-urinaria/tratamiento">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la incontinencia urinaria?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/incontinencia-urinaria-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/urinary-incontinence/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la salud del tracto urinario?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/urinary/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/urinary/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los ejercicios de Kegel?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/ejercicios-kegel" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kegel-exercises">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you've ever overindulged in a favorite dish, you've probably experienced indigestion (dyspepsia). Read about causes and therapies here." title="Indigestion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html" id="4293" language="English" date-created="02/01/2006">
<also-called>Dyspepsia</also-called>
<also-called>Upset stomach</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Nearly everyone has had indigestion at one time. It's a feeling of discomfort or a burning feeling in your upper abdomen. You may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;heartburn&lt;/a&gt; or belch and feel bloated. You may also feel nauseated, or even throw up.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;You might get indigestion from eating too much or too fast, eating high-fat foods, or eating when you're stressed. Smoking, drinking too much alcohol, using some medicines, being tired, and having ongoing stress can also cause indigestion or make it worse. Sometimes the cause is a problem with the digestive tract, like an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;ulcer&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Avoiding foods and situations that seem to cause it may help. Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious problem, see your health care provider if it lasts for more than two weeks or if you have severe pain or other symptoms. Your health care provider may use x-rays, lab tests, and an upper endoscopy to diagnose the cause.  You may need medicines to treat the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html" id="4294" language="Spanish">Indigestión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004415">Dyspepsia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html" id="3061">Abdominal Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html" id="29">Digestive Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html" id="4291">Gas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512">GERD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html" id="1653">Heartburn</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dyspepsia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Upset Stomach</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Belching, Bloating and Flatulence" url="https://gi.org/topics/belching-bloating-and-flatulence/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/eructos-distension-abdominal-y-flatulencia/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chamomile" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dyspepsia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dyspepsia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Confusing or Ambiguous Upper Gut Symptoms" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/symptoms-causes/confusing-or-ambiguous-upper-gut-symptoms/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional Dyspepsia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003260.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion (Dyspepsia)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/indigestion-dyspepsia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion (Dyspepsia)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/indigestion-dyspepsia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/indigestion-dispepsia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion (For Children)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/indigestion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/indigestion.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/indigestion.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/indigestion.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peppermint Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/peppermint-oil">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dyspepsia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sage" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sage">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking antacids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warning: Aspirin-Containing Antacid Medicines Can Cause Bleeding" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/warning-aspirin-containing-antacid-medicines-can-cause-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/advertencia-los-antiacidos-que-contienen-aspirina-pueden-causar-sangrado">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si alguna vez ha gozado de un buffet, probablemente ha experimentado la indigestión (dispepsia). Lea acerca de las causas y los tratamientos aquí." title="Indigestión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html" id="4294" language="Spanish" date-created="02/23/2006">
<also-called>Digestión lenta</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Casi todas las personas han tenido una indigestión alguna vez. Es una sensación de incomodidad o un ardor en la parte superior del abdomen. Puede tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;acidez&lt;/a&gt; o eructos y sentirse hinchado. También puede sentir náuseas e inclusive vomitar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La indigestión puede ser consecuencia de comer demasiado o demasiado rápido, ingerir alimentos grasosos o comer en momentos de estrés. Fumar, beber demasiado alcohol, consumir algunas medicinas, el cansancio excesivo y el estrés continuo también pueden causar indigestión o empeorarla. Algunas veces, la causa es un problema en las vías digestivas, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlcera&lt;/a&gt; o una enfermedad por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; (ERGE).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Evitar los alimentos y las situaciones que parecen causarla puede ayudar. La indigestión puede ser un signo de un problema más serio. Consulte a su médico si la indigestión continúa por más de dos semanas o tiene dolores fuertes u otros síntomas graves. Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede pedirle rayos X, exámenes de laboratorio y/o una endoscopia superior para conocer la causa de la indigestión. Puede ser que necesite remedios para tratar los síntomas. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html" id="4293" language="English">Indigestion</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html" id="2257">Acidez estomacal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html" id="3062">Dolor abdominal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html" id="1859">Enfermedades del sistema digestivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html" id="4292">Gas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916">Reflujo gastroesofágico</related-topic>
<site title="Antiácidos que contienen aspirina pueden causar sangrado" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/advertencia-los-antiacidos-que-contienen-aspirina-pueden-causar-sangrado" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/warning-aspirin-containing-antacid-medicines-can-cause-bleeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dispepsia funcional" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375709?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eructos, distensión abdominal y flatulencia" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/eructos-distension-abdominal-y-flatulencia/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/belching-bloating-and-flatulence/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003260.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestión" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/indigestion/symptoms-causes/syc-20352211?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/indigestion/symptoms-causes/syc-20352211?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestión" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/indigestion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/indigestion.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestión (Dispepsia)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/indigestion-dispepsia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/indigestion-dyspepsia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar antiácidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la dispepsia funcional: ¿Cuáles son sus opciones?" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/tratamiento-la-dispepsia-funcional-cuales-son-sus-opciones/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Indoor air pollution has the same negative effects as environmental pollution. Sources include mold, pesticides and more. Find out how you can reduce it." title="Indoor Air Pollution" url="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html" id="1537" language="English" date-created="09/21/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;We usually think of air pollution as being outdoors, but the air in your house or office could also be polluted. Sources of indoor pollution include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html"&gt;Mold&lt;/a&gt; and pollen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tobacco smoke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html"&gt;Household products&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html"&gt;radon&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;carbon monoxide &lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Materials used in the building such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html"&gt;asbestos&lt;/a&gt;, 
formaldehyde and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;lead&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a group of people have symptoms that seem to be linked to time spent in a certain building. There may be a specific cause, such as Legionnaire's disease. Sometimes the cause of the illness cannot be found. This is known as sick building syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usually indoor air quality problems only cause discomfort. Most people feel better as soon as they remove the source of the pollution.  However, some pollutants can cause diseases that show up much later, such as respiratory diseases or cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Making sure that your building is well-ventilated and getting rid of pollutants can improve the quality of your indoor air.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973" language="Spanish">Contaminación de interiores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016902">Air Pollution, Indoor</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html" id="130">Air Pollution</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html" id="1330">Asbestos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html" id="2">Asthma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="177">Carbon Monoxide Poisoning</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html" id="608">Lead Poisoning</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538">Molds</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html" id="498">Pesticides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html" id="1443">Radon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html" id="1473">Secondhand Smoke</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pollution</see-reference>
<site title="Air Cleaners and Air Filters in the Home" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/air-cleaners-and-air-filters-home" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/limpiadores-y-filtros-de-aire-en-el-hogar">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clean Air at Home" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/indoor-air/building-type-air-resources/at-home">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Air Pollution, Indoor" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Air+Pollution,+Indoor%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indoor Air in Homes and Coronavirus (COVID-19)" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-homes-and-coronavirus-covid-19">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Safety-Guides/Home/The-Inside-Story-A-Guide-to-Indoor-Air-Quality">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to Indoor Air Quality" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/introduccion-la-calidad-del-aire-interior">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Office Building Occupant's Guide to Indoor Air Quality" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/office-building-occupants-guide-indoor-air-quality">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ozone Generators That Are Sold as Air Cleaners" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indoor Air Pollution" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Air+Pollution%2C+Indoor%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should You Have the Air Ducts in Your Home Cleaned?" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/should-you-have-air-ducts-your-home-cleaned">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Going home with a new baby is exciting but it can be scary too. Read about the changes a newborn goes through and also see tips for proper baby care." title="Infant and Newborn Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1549" language="English" date-created="10/04/2001">
<also-called>Baby care</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Going home with a new baby is exciting, but it can be scary, too. Newborns have many needs, like frequent feedings and diaper changes. Babies can have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html"&gt;health issues&lt;/a&gt; that are different from older children and adults, like diaper rash and cradle cap. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your baby will go through many &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html"&gt;changes&lt;/a&gt; during the first year of life. You may feel uneasy at first. Ask your health care provider for help if you need it.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974" language="Spanish">Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007224">Infant Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborncare.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5435">Baby Health Checkup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html" id="175">Breastfeeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5428">Common Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1548">Infant and Newborn Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5431">Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>Baby Care</see-reference>
<site title="Babinski reflex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003294.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baby Carriers: Backpacks, Front Packs, and Slings" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/on-the-go/Pages/Baby-Carriers.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/on-the-go/paginas/baby-carriers.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baby Naps: Daytime Sleep Tips" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/baby-naps/art-20047421?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baby Poop: What's Normal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/baby-poop/faq-20057971?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/baby-poop/faq-20057971?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baby supplies you need" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000541.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baby's Head Shape: Cause for Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20045964?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bathing an infant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000020.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bed-Sharing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cosleeping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cosleeping.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bedtime habits for infants and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002392.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bonding with your newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000677.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000677.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burping Your Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burping.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buying and caring for baby bottles and nipples" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000804.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Car Seat Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/auto-baby-toddler.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changes in the newborn at birth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002395.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing Safe Baby Products" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/products.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/products.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infant+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colic and crying - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Communication and Your Newborn" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cnewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cnewborn.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cranial sutures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002320.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cribs and crib safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crying and Colic" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/pages/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crying in infancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002397.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Hygiene: How to Care for Your Baby's Teeth" url="https://familydoctor.org/dental-hygiene-how-to-care-for-your-babys-teeth/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-cuidar-los-dientes-de-su-bebe/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diapering Your Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diapering.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diapering.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Day of Life" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/first-day.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/first-day.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting to Know Your Newborn" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-variations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/newborn-variations.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guide for First-Time Parents" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/guide-parents.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/guide-parents.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Care and Infant Health" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infantcare">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infant Constipation: How Is It Treated?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/infant-constipation/faq-20058519?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/infant-constipation/faq-20058519?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant reflexes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003292.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infants &amp; Toddlers: Raising Healthy Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parents/infants/healthy-children.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Sleep (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laundering Your Baby's Clothes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laundry.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/laundry.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moro reflex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003293.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail care for newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001914.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="New Dad: Tips to Help Manage Stress" url="https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/new-dad-tips-to-help-manage-stress/" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/new-dad/art-20045880?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newborn head molding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002270.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pacifiers: Are They Good for Your Baby?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/pacifiers/art-20048140?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/pacifiers/art-20048140?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant and newborn care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infant+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+infant+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe Sleep -- Cribs and Infant Products" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/SafeSleep" language-mapped-url="https://www.cpsc.gov/es/SafeSleep">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin findings in newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002301.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin-to-Skin Contact: How Kangaroo Care Benefits Your Baby" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/About-Skin-to-Skin-Care.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/about-skin-to-skin-care.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spitting up in Babies: What's Normal, What's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teething" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002045.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tummy Time for a Healthy Baby" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/tiempo-boca-abajo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Umbilical cord care in newborns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001926.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uncircumcised Penis: Is Special Care Needed?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/uncircumcised-penis/faq-20058327?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/uncircumcised-penis/faq-20058327?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Can I Take My Newborn out in Public?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/newborn-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/newborn-out.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Newborn's First Week: How to Prepare and What to Expect" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/bringing-baby-home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/bringing-baby-home.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Babies do not develop at the same rate. However, there are 5 growth areas that are crucial to infant and newborn development. Read about them." title="Infant and Newborn Development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1548" language="English" date-created="10/04/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When will my baby take his first step or say her first word? During their first year, babies start to develop skills they will use for the rest of their lives. The normal growth of babies can be broken down into the following areas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gross motor - controlling the head, sitting, crawling, maybe even starting to walk&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fine motor - holding a spoon, picking up a piece of cereal between thumb and finger&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensory - seeing, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Language - starting to make sounds, learning some words,  understanding what people say &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social - the ability to play with family members and other children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Babies do not develop at the same rate. There is a wide range of what is considered &amp;quot;normal.&amp;quot; Your baby may be ahead in some areas and slightly behind in others. If you are worried about possible delays, talk to your baby's health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975" language="Spanish">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018730">Infant Behavior</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002657">Child Development</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewborndevelopment.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5424">Toddler Development</related-topic>
<site title="CDC's Developmental Milestones" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/milestones/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental and Behavioral Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Milestones of Early Literacy" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Developmental-Milestones-of-Early-Literacy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/developmental-milestones-of-early-literacy.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 12 months" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002005.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 2 months" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002006.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 4 months" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002007.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 6 months" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002008.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 9 months" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002009.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Monitoring and Screening" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/DevelopmentalScreening.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emotional and Social Development: 4 to 7 Months" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-4-7-Months.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emotional and Social Development: 8 to 12 Months" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-8-12-Months.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emotional and Social Development: Birth to 3 Months" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-Birth-to-3-Months.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/emotional-and-social-development-birth-to-3-months.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth Charts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant - newborn development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002004.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal growth and development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002456.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Early Intervention" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/ei-overview/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Center for Parent Information and Resources</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/phys-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/phys-therapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant and Newborn Development" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infant+Behavior%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+infant+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Child+Development%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+infant+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Separation Anxiety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Separation anxiety in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001542.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Language Developmental Milestones" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/speech-and-language" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-del-habla-y-el-lenguaje">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speech-Language Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-therapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stopping the Bottle" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tummy Time for a Healthy Baby" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/tiempo-boca-abajo">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your child needs vaccines as they grow!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/adolescent-easyread-es.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 1 Month" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-1mo.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 2 Months" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-2mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 3-5 Days" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-3to5d.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 6 Months" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-6mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 9 Months" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-9mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: Newborn" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-newborn.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="From breastfeeding to solid foods, infant and newborn nutrition provides babies with nutrients needed to grow. Read about how to identify allergies." title="Infant and Newborn Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750" language="English" date-created="02/12/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Food provides the energy and nutrients that babies need to be healthy. For a 
baby, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;breast milk&lt;/a&gt; is best. It has all the necessary vitamins and minerals. Infant formulas are available for babies whose mothers are not able to or decide not to breastfeed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Infants are usually ready to eat solid foods at about 6 months of age. Check with your health care provider for the best time for your baby to start. If you introduce one new food at a time, you will be able to identify any foods that cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"&gt;allergies&lt;/a&gt; in your baby. Allergic reactions include a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;a rash&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Many parents are concerned about peanut allergies. When babies can eat foods that contain peanuts depends on their risk of food allergies:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Most babies can have peanut products when they are about 6 months of age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Babies who have mild to moderate &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;eczema&lt;/a&gt; have a higher risk of food allergies. They usually can eat peanut products at about 6 months of age. If you have concerns about this, check with your baby's health care provider.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Babies who have severe eczema or egg allergies are at high risk for peanut allergies. If your baby is at high risk, check with your baby's health care provider. Your baby may need allergy testing. Your baby's provider can also recommend when and how to give your baby peanut products.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are some foods that you should avoid feeding your baby:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do not give your baby honey before 1 year of age. Honey may contain bacteria that can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html"&gt;botulism&lt;/a&gt; in babies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid cow's milk before age 1, since it does not have all of the nutrients that babies need and babies cannot digest it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unpasteurized drinks or foods (such as juices, milks, yogurt, or cheeses) may put your child at risk for an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html"&gt;E. coli infection&lt;/a&gt;. E coli is a harmful bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain foods that can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html"&gt;choking&lt;/a&gt;, such as hard candy, popcorn, whole nuts, and grapes (unless they are cut into small pieces). Don't give your child these foods before age 3.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Because it contains a lot of sugar, babies should not drink juice before age 1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751" language="Spanish">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007228">Infant Nutrition Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007225">Infant Food</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007227">Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D041943">Infant Formula</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infantandnewbornnutrition.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html" id="175">Breastfeeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083">Child Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html" id="1256">Food Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1549">Infant and Newborn Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html" id="5422">Toddler Nutrition</related-topic>
<site title="Breastfeeding vs. formula feeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant Formula" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=infant+AND+formula&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant Nutrition" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=infant+AND+nutrition&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant Nutrition Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22nutrition+disorders%22+AND+infant&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostrum: Your Baby's First Meal" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Colostrum-Your-Babys-First-Meal.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/colostrum-your-babys-first-meal.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Community Water Fluoridation Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/faq/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cow's milk - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002448.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cronobacter Sakazakii" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cronobacter-sakazakii">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FDA Investigation of Cronobacter Infections: Powdered Infant Formula (February 2022)" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/fda-investigation-cronobacter-infections-powdered-infant-formula-february-2022" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/retiro-del-mercado-de-formulas-infantiles-en-polvo-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding patterns and diet - babies and infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding patterns and diet - children 6 months to 2 years" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Your Newborn" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feednewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feednewborn.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Service Programs Contacts by State" url="https://www.fns.usda.gov/contacts/contact-map">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Habits That Last a Lifetime: How To Practice Responsive Feeding" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/healthy-habits-that-last-a-lifetime-how-to-practice-responsive-feeding" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/habitos-saludables-que-duran-toda-la-vida-como-practicar-la-alimentacion-perceptiva">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to save money on infant formula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000805.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000805.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant botulism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001384.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001384.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Formula - buying, preparing, storing, and feeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000806.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant formulas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002447.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Homemade Baby Formula Safe?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/homemade-formula.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/homemade-formula.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk Allergy in Infants" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/milk-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/milk-allergy.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Nutrition Nutrition for Infants" url="https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/infants">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal weight gain and nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007302.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Once Baby Arrives" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/once-baby-arrives-food-safety-moms-be" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/cuando-llega-el-bebe">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant and Newborn Nutrition" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infant+Formula%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Infant+Food%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Infant+Nutrition+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Infant+Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stopping the Bottle" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Can Parents Do about Heavy Metals in Baby Food?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/heavy-metals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/heavy-metals.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Best for Your Baby to Drink?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/babies-drink.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/babies-drink.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lea aquí sobre las diferentes infecciones bacterianas. Aprenda cuáles pueden provocar enfermedades. Conozca los  síntomas y tratamientos." title="Infecciones bacterianas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Infecciones causadas por bacterias</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las bacterias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las bacterias son pequeños organismos (seres vivos) que tienen una sola célula. Bajo el microscopio, parecen bolitas, varillas o espirales. Se pueden encontrar en casi todas partes del planeta. Hay muchas bacterias dentro y sobre el cuerpo. De hecho, el cuerpo tiene cerca de 10 veces más células bacterianas que células humanas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos diferentes de bacterias. La mayoría de los tipos no son capaces de enfermarle. Algunas son útiles. Por ejemplo, las bacterias "buenas" en el sistema digestivo pueden ayudar a su cuerpo a digerir los alimentos y absorber &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt;. Pueden ayudar a protegerse de enfermedades. Las bacterias también se usan para elaborar alimentos como el yogur y el queso.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pero otros tipos de bacterias pueden causar infecciones y provocar enfermedades, las que se conocen como bacterias infecciosas. Estas pueden reproducirse rápidamente en el cuerpo. Muchas de ellas producen toxinas (veneno) que pueden dañar sus células y hacer que se enferme. Otros tipos pueden ingresar a los tejidos y dañarlos. Algunos ejemplos de bacterias que causan infecciones son &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html"&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; y &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html"&gt;E. coli&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propagan las infecciones bacterianas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones bacterianas se pueden propagar de distintas formas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de gotitas y partículas que exhala una persona infectada. Usted puede inhalar estas gotitas o partículas o pueden caer sobre su boca, nariz u ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al tocar superficies u objetos que tienen la bacteria y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de cortes, raspaduras y contacto piel con piel con una persona infectada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;De la persona embarazada al bebé &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;alimentos o agua contaminados&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al ser mordido o picado por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insecto&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html"&gt;animal&lt;/a&gt; infectado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;contacto sexual&lt;/a&gt; (generalmente sexo vaginal, anal y oral) con una persona infectada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones bacterianas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, su sistema inmunitario puede combatir una infección bacteriana. Pero cuando necesite tratamiento, será con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente cuando tome antibióticos. Cada vez que los tome, existe el riesgo de que las bacterias se vuelvan resistentes a los efectos de los antibióticos, lo que se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;resistencia a los antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Cuando esto ocurre, las bacterias no mueren y continúan creciendo. Pueden causar infecciones resistentes, que pueden ser difíciles y, en ocasiones, imposibles de tratar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones bacterianas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ayudar a prevenir algunas infecciones bacterianas al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;Vacunarse&lt;/a&gt; contra las infecciones bacterianas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener buenos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;hábitos de higiene&lt;/a&gt;. Estos incluyen lavarse las manos con frecuencia y cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser o estornudar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practicar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;seguridad con los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Limpiar y desinfectar&lt;/a&gt; las superficies que toca con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevenir las picaduras de insectos usando un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA) al salir al aire libre. Si viaja a una zona con alto riesgo de enfermedades por picaduras de insectos, también use pantalones largos, camisas y calcetines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practicar sexo seguro. Esto significa usar un condón de látex cada vez que tenga sexo anal, vaginal u oral. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgico al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158" language="English">Bacterial Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750">Antibióticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html" id="1783">Botulismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html" id="1803">Celulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html" id="2015">Enfermedad de Lyme</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningococcaldisease.html" id="5652">Enfermedades meningocócicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6047">Infecciones por campylobacter</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1817">Infecciones por clamidia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cdiffinfections.html" id="4618">Infecciones por Clostridium difficile</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html" id="1874">Infecciones por Escherichia coli</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="2170">Infecciones por estafilococo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html" id="2174">Infecciones por estreptococo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5969">Infecciones por Haemophilus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5361">Infecciones por micobacterias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5715">Infecciones por neumococo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html" id="2133">Infecciones por salmonela</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" id="3041">Medidas para el control de infecciones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html" id="2253">Picaduras de garrapatas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html" id="2229">Tos ferina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html" id="2206">Tuberculosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html" id="2192">Tétanos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bacterias, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shigelosis</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la fascitis necrosante" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-fascitis-necrosante.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/necrotizing-fasciitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
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<site title="Actinomicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000599.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinomicosis pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000074.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Antibióticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la vaginosis bacteriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000687.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Brucelosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000597.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de ganglio linfático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003737.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Cultivo de tejido duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003730.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erisipeloide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000632.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fijación del complemento para C. Burnetii" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003520.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003520.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Fiebre por mordedura de rata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001348.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Fiebre Q" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000611.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foliculitis de la tina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001460.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Glóbulos blancos en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/globulos-blancos-en-las-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-cell-wbc-in-stool/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Granuloma de las piscinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001357.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes e higiene: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Bacterias, virus, hongos y protozoos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/care-about-germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/care-about-germs.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Infórmate y protégete contra las bacterias, los virus y las infecciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003744.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones anaeróbicas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/anaerobic-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Anaerobic-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones bacterianas frente a infecciones virales: ¿En qué se diferencian?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/FAQ-20058098?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones necrosantes de la piel" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel/infecciones-necrosantes-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/necrotizing-skin-infections">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por Arcanobacterium Haemoliticum" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/arcanobacterium-haemolyticum-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Arcanobacterium-Haemolyticum-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por Klebsiella, Enterobacter y Serratia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-bacterianas-bacterias-gramnegativas/infecciones-por-y">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por rickettsias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-por-rickettsias-e-infecciones-relacionadas/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-por-rickettsias">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por shigella" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shigella.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shigella.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección necrosante de tejidos blandos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por nocardia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000679.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leptospirosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001376.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfangitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007296.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que puede hacer para mantenerse saludable en un jacuzzi o bañera de hidromasaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/safety/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-mantenerse-saludable-en-un-jacuzzi-o-banera-de-hidromasaje.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/swimmers/rwi/rashes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luchar contra las bacterias con virus" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/luchar-contra-las-bacterias-con-virus" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/08/fighting-bacteria-viruses">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medidas para el control de infecciones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nocardiosis pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000083.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001342.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panel de patógenos respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-de-patogenos-respiratorios/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pian" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001341.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pian" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yaws" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yaws">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calprotectina fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de inmunofijación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-inmunofijacion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lepromina cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003383.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003383.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de procalcitonina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-procalcitonina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/procalcitonin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de inmunoglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-inmunoglobulinas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de bacilos acidorresistentes (BAAR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de PCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas rápidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psitacosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000088.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Punción arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003422.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resistencia a los antibióticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rickettsiosis exantemática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001351.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serología para brucelosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003536.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serología para tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003523.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shigelosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000295.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tifus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001363.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tincion-de-gram/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gram-stain/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007621.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram de biopsia de tejido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003453.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003760.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003722.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003757.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000856.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vibrio y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/informacion-para-mujeres-embarazadas-amamantando-sobre-la-infeccion-del-vibrio/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vibrio-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yersiniosis" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/yersiniosis/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los gérmenes?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/germs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones de la piel pueden ser causadas por bacterias, virus, hongos o parásitos. Lea sobre las infecciones más comunes aquí." title="Infecciones de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html" id="5359" language="Spanish" date-created="03/29/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las infecciones de la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La piel es el órgano más grande del cuerpo. Tiene muchas funciones diferentes, incluyendo cubrir y proteger su cuerpo. Ayuda a mantener a distancia a los gérmenes, pero a veces estos pueden entrar al organismo a través de una infección en la piel. A menudo ocurre cuando los gérmenes ingresan al cuerpo a través de una herida, corte o herida en la piel. Otras infecciones de la piel pueden ocurrir en lugares donde la piel se frota, especialmente si está húmeda. Las infecciones también pueden ocurrir cuando tiene un suministro deficiente de sangre a un área del cuerpo o si su sistema inmunitario está debilitado debido a otra enfermedad o tratamiento médico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas infecciones de la piel cubren un área pequeña en la parte superior de la piel. Otras infecciones pueden penetrar profundamente o extenderse a un área más grande.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las causas de las infecciones de la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones de la piel son causadas por diferentes tipos de gérmenes. Por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las bacterias causan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html"&gt;celulitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html"&gt;impétigo&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html"&gt;infecciones por estafilococo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los virus causan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html"&gt;culebrilla&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html"&gt;verrugas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simple&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los hongos causan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html"&gt;pie de atleta&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;infecciones por cándida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los parásitos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html"&gt;piojos del cuerpo&lt;/a&gt;, de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html"&gt;cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html"&gt;sarna&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una infección de la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que tenga una infección en la piel si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene mala circulación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es adulto mayor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades del sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado debido a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; u otros medicamentos que bajan sus defensas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene que permanecer en una posición durante mucho tiempo, por ejemplo, si tiene que estar acostado por una afección o si está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html"&gt;paralizado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html"&gt;desnutrido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene muchos pliegues en la piel, lo que puede ocurrir si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones de la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas dependen del tipo de infección. Algunos síntomas comunes a muchas infecciones de la piel incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;, hinchazón, enrojecimiento, dolor, pus y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html"&gt;picazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones de la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar una infección de la piel, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y preguntará sobre sus síntomas. Es posible que le hagan pruebas de laboratorio, como un cultivo de piel, la que sirve para identificar qué tipo de infección tiene usando una muestra de su piel. Su profesional médico puede tomar la muestra con un hisopo o raspando su piel, o extrayendo un pequeño trozo de piel (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-piel/"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;). Algunas veces, se usan otras pruebas, como exámenes de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se tratan las infecciones de la piel?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tipo de infección y de su gravedad. Algunas infecciones desaparecerán por sí solas. Cuando necesite tratamiento, puede incluir una crema o loción para la piel. Otros tratamientos posibles incluyen medicamentos y un procedimiento para drenar el pus.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html" id="5358" language="English">Skin Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html" id="2150">Enfermedades de la piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gangrene.html" id="5581">Gangrena</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767">Infecciones bacterianas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Piel, Infecciones</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la fascitis necrosante" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-fascitis-necrosante.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/necrotizing-fasciitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinomicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000599.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003451.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-biopsy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blastomicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000102.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000880.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortes, rasguños y rozaduras" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cuts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de piel o de uñas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003762.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donovanosis (granuloma inguinal)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000636.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectima" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000864.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erisipela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema nudoso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000881.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritrasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001470.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupciones cutáneas leves y otros cambios en la piel" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esporotricosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001338.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de sarpullido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-sarpullido/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rash-evaluation/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen con lámpara de Wood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003386.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hidróxido de potasio en lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003761.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forúnculos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001474.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forúnculos y ántrax" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granuloma de las piscinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001357.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidradenitis supurativa" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hidradenitis-supurativa-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hidradenitis-suppurativa/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones bacterianas de la piel" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/overview-of-bacterial-skin-infections">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones fúngicas de la piel" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-f%C3%BAngicas-de-la-piel/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-f%C3%BAngicas-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/overview-of-fungal-skin-infections">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones necrosantes de la piel" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel/infecciones-necrosantes-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/necrotizing-skin-infections">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección necrosante de tejidos blandos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intertrigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003223.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intertrigo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/intertrigo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intertrigo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión cutánea de blastomicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000865.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molusco contagioso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000826.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molusco contagioso" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/molusco-contagioso/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/molluscum-contagiosum/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molusco contagioso (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/molluscum-contagiosum.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/molluscum-contagiosum.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paroniquia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001444.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pitiriasis versicolor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tinea-versicolor/symptoms-causes/syc-20378385?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tinea-versicolor/symptoms-causes/syc-20378385?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signo de Nikolski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003285.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la piel escaldada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001352.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram de lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003760.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña versicolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001465.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento seguro del molusco, una afección común de la piel" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-tratamiento-seguro-del-molusco-una-afeccion-comun-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-treating-molluscum-common-skin-condition">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ántrax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000825.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Siente dolor al orinar y tiene fiebre o escalofríos? Conozca los síntomas de infección del tracto urinario o de las vías urinarias y su tratamiento aquí." title="Infecciones de las vías urinarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html" id="2212" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Infección urinaria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El aparato urinario es el sistema de drenaje del cuerpo para eliminar los desechos y el exceso de agua. Incluye dos riñones, dos uréteres, una vejiga y una uretra. Las infecciones del tracto urinario son el segundo tipo más común de infección en el cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que tenga una infección de las vías urinarias si observa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor o ardor al orinar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre, cansancio o temblores &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urgencia frecuente de orinar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Presión en la región inferior del abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Orina con mal olor o con apariencia turbia o rojiza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Con menor frecuencia, náusea o dolor de espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Personas de cualquier edad o sexo pueden contraer infecciones urinarias. Pero las mujeres la sufren unas cuatro veces más que los hombres. Usted también está en mayor riesgo si tiene diabetes, necesita un tubo para drenar la vejiga o tiene una lesión de la médula espinal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si piensa que tiene una infección urinaria, es importante que vea a su médico. El médico puede confirmarlo con una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html"&gt;prueba de orina&lt;/a&gt;. Se trata con antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html" id="448" language="English">Urinary Tract Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777">Enfermedades de la vejiga</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vías urinarias, Infecciones de las</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso perirrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001274.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteriuria asintomática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000520.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000520.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cilindros urinarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003586.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistitis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000526.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistografía con radionúclidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003832.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistografía retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003783.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistouretrograma miccional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003784.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistouretrograma miccional pediátrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/voidcysto" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/voidcysto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo detectar infecciones de las vías urinarias" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Paginas/detecting-urinary-tract-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico por la imagen (imagenología) de las vías urinarias" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la salud de la vejiga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000521_108.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000521_50.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con tira reactiva de proteína en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de electroforesis de proteínas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de esterasa leucocitaria en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003584.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematuria microscópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hematuria-microscopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de orina recurrentes y afecciones relacionadas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/recurrent-uti-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/recurrent-uti-infections.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones del tracto urinario" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/uti.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/uti.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones del tracto urinario" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-del-tracto-urinario-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infections.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones del tracto urinario (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/urinary.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones del tracto urinario: Otras causas del dolor al orinar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/infecciones-del-tracto-urinario-otras-causas-del-dolor-al-orinar/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección de la vejiga en adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/infecciones-vejiga" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-infection-uti-in-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección de la vejiga en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/infeccion-vejiga-ninos/definicion-hechos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-infections-in-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección de las vías urinarias" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/urinary-tract-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/urinary-tract-infections">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección renal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353387?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353387?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección renal (pielonefritis)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/infeccion-renal-pielonefritis?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/infeccion-renal-pielonefritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-infection-pyelonephritis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección urinaria en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000521.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección urinaria en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000505.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección urinaria relacionada con el uso de sondas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000483.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción urgente o frecuente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un análisis de orina (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-urtest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/video-urtest.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Olor de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007298.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de moco en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-moco-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mucus-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de nitritos en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-nitritos-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nitrites-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de células epiteliales en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-celulas-epiteliales-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/epithelial-cells-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/kidneys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/kidneys.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007593.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003751.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003751.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urocultivo en muestra por sondaje" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003752.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003752.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la salud del tracto urinario?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/urinary/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/urinary/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La osteomielitis es una infección del hueso. Aprenda quién está en riesgo de padecer esta enfermedad y el tratamiento y diagnostico." title="Infecciones de los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html" id="5740" language="Spanish" date-created="12/23/2010">
<also-called>Infecciones óseas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Como otras partes del cuerpo, los huesos pueden infectarse. Las infecciones son generalmente causadas por bacterias (bacterianas) pero también pueden ser causadas por hongos. Pueden extenderse al hueso desde la piel cercana, los músculos de alrededor o a través del torrente sanguíneo. Las personas con mayor riesgo de infecciones óseas son las que padecen de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, mala circulación o una lesión reciente en el hueso. También las personas que son tratadas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;hemodiálisis&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de una infección en un hueso incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en el área infectada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos y fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón, calor y enrojecimiento del área infectada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un examen de sangre o un diagnóstico por imágenes (como rayos X) pueden develar una infección en un hueso. El tratamiento incluye antibióticos y muchas veces, cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html" id="5739" language="English">Bone Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html" id="1780">Enfermedades de los huesos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Huesos, Infecciones de los</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras osteomielitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000297.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de lesión ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003923.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor o sensibilidad en el hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003180.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huesos, los músculos y las articulaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastoiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001034.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomielitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000437.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomielitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteomyelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteomyelitis.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomielitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/osteomyelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/osteomyelitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomielitis en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007697.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteomielitis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteomyelitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375917?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis diseminada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000624.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones del ojo pueden ser causadas por bacterias, hongos o por un virus. Entérese sobre los síntomas y los tratamientos." title="Infecciones de los ojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinfections.html" id="4399" language="Spanish" date-created="05/10/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los ojos pueden infectarse con bacterias, hongos o virus. Las infecciones de los ojos pueden ocurrir en distintas partes del ojo y afectar sólo un ojo o ambos. Dos infecciones comunes del ojo son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html"&gt;Conjuntivitis&lt;/a&gt;: también conocida como "ojo rojo". La conjuntivitis suele ser debida a una infección. Los niños presentan conjuntivitis con frecuencia y es muy contagiosa. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Orzuelo: un abultamiento en el párpado que ocurre cuando las bacterias de la piel entran en el folículo piloso de una pestaña. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las infecciones oculares pueden incluir enrojecimiento, picazón, hinchazón, secreciones, dolor o problemas con la vista. El tratamiento depende de la causa de la infección y puede incluir compresas, gotas para los ojos, pomadas o antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html" id="4398" language="English">Eye Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html" id="4947">Conjuntivitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blefaritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Córnea, Infecciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojo seco</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojos, Herpes zóster oftálmico (HZO)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojos, Infecciones</see-reference>
<site title="Ardor, picazón y secreción del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003034.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blefaritis" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/blefaritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blefaritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001619.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis orbitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001012.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis periorbitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000976.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los ojos y la visión: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar cosméticos con seguridad alrededor de los ojos" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/uso-de-maquillaje-en-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-makeup">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dacrioadenitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001625.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dacriocistitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/dacriocistitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/dacryocystitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoftalmitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001626.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enrojecimiento de los ojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003031.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con lámpara de hendidura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gotas para los ojos" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17120/gotas-para-los-ojos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de los ojos en los bebés y en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Paginas/eye-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/eyes/Pages/Eye-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones relacionadas con el uso de lentes de contacto" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/infecciones-relacionadas-con-lentes-de-contacto-2" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/contact-lens-related-eye-infections">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación de la órbita" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-cavidad-ocular-%C3%B3rbita/inflamaci%C3%B3n-de-la-%C3%B3rbita" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eye-socket-disorders/inflammation-of-the-orbit">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meibomianitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001621.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orzuelo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los ojos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancia en el párpado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001009.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis por citomegalovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000665.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000736.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001486.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triquiasis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/triquiasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/trichiasis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la blefaritis?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-blefaritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-blepharitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis bacteriana?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-bacteriana" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-bacterial-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis fúngica?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-fungica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-fungal-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis herpética?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-herpetica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/herpes-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los chalaziones y los orzuelos?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/chalazion-orzuelo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-chalazia-styes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras e infecciones corneales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001032.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones del oído son comunes en los niños. Generalmente afecta el oído medio y se llama otitis media. Conozca los signos de infección aquí." title="Infecciones de los oídos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html" id="1876" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Otitis media</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones de oídos son la causa más común por la que los padres llevan a sus hijos al médico. Tres de cuatro niños tendrán al menos una infección de oídos en el primer año de vida. Los adultos también pueden tener infecciones de oídos pero son menos comunes.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la infección afecta el oído medio y se denomina otitis media. Los tubos dentro de los oídos se tapan con líquido y moco. Esto puede afectar la audición, ya que el sonido no puede pasar a través de todo ese líquido. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el niño todavía no habla, es necesario prestar atención a los signos de una infección:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tironeo de los oídos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llanto más frecuente que lo usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción en el oído&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para dormir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de equilibrio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para escuchar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de cuidados médicos puede diagnosticar la infección mirando dentro del oído con un instrumento llamado otoscopio. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con frecuencia, las infecciones de oído desaparecen sin tratamiento pero el médico puede recomendar medicinas para el dolor. Las infecciones más graves y las infecciones en bebés pueden requerir antibióticos. Los niños que tienen infecciones frecuentes pueden requerir una cirugía para colocar pequeños tubos dentro de los oídos. Los tubos alivian la presión dentro de los oídos y así el niño puede oír nuevamente.  &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html" id="115" language="English">Ear Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Oído del nadador</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oído, Infecciones del</see-reference>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la laberintitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayude a su niño a combatir las infecciones del oído durante el invierno" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/ayude-a-su-nino-con-infecciones-de-oido-en-el-invierno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/help-your-child-through-winter-ear-infections">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de colocación de tubos en el oído (timpanostomía)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-infections.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de tubos de timpanostomía: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000220.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesteatoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001050.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades de las infecciones del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000638_102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000638_47.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de secreción del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003763.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003046.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el oído: Combatir las infecciones de oído" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dolor-en-el-oido" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/09/pain-ear">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003340.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gotas para los oídos" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/16982/gotas-para-los-oidos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones del oído en los niños" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/infecciones-del-oido-en-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/ear-infections-children">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones del oído medio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/otitis-media.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/otitis-media.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección aguda del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000638.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección crónica del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000619.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del oído" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-oido-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ear-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del oído (oído medio)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de tubos en el oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003015.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de un tubo en el oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100045_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100045_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laberintitis" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/labyrinthitis_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laberintitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001054.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones de oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-injuries.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastoidectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003016.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastoiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001034.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miringitis infecciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001369.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001336.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otitis del nadador (otitis externa)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/swimmers-ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/swimmers-ear.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otitis externa (oído de nadador u otitis del nadador)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/swimmer-ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/swimmer-ear.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otitis externa maligna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000672.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000672.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otitis media exudativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007010.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicidad (toxidad auditiva) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ototoxicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ototoxicity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ears.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oído de nadador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000622.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001253.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Petrositis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001254.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001254.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de oído" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-oido/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/ear-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del tímpano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003014.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica del tímpano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100015_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100015_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptura del tímpano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001038.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secreción del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003042.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timpanoplastia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tympanoplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tympanoplasty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la infección de oído no debería acortarse" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-tratamiento-para-la-infeccion-de-oido-no-deberia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/02/ear-infection-treatment-shouldnt-be-shortened">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tus oídos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Puedo prevenir las infecciones de oído mientras mi hija nada?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-infections-swimming.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-infections-swimming.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una infección de oído?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear-infection.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ear-infection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) se contagian de persona a persona durante el contacto sexual. Pruebas, vacunas y conductas preventivas pueden disminuir su riesgo." title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>ETS</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades transmitidas sexualmente</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades venéreas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) o enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) son infecciones que se transmiten de una persona a otra a través del contacto sexual. El contacto suele ser vaginal, oral y anal. Pero a veces pueden transmitirse a través de otro contacto físico íntimo involucrando el pene, vagina, boca o ano. Esto se debe a que algunas ITS, como el herpes y el VPH, se transmiten por contacto de piel a piel.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas ITS pueden transmitirse de una persona embarazada al bebé, ya sea &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; o al dar a luz. Otras formas en que las ITS pueden propagarse incluyen durante la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;lactancia&lt;/a&gt;, a través de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusiones de sangre&lt;/a&gt; o al compartir agujas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay más de 20 tipos de ITS, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html"&gt;Clamidia&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;    &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html"&gt;Herpes genital&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html"&gt;Gonorrea&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;VPH&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html"&gt;Ladillas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html"&gt;Sífilis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html"&gt;Tricomoniasis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las infecciones de transmisión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las causas de las ITS pueden ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parásitos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes se ven afectados por las infecciones de transmisión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las ITS afectan a hombres y a mujeres, pero en muchos casos los problemas de salud que causan pueden ser más graves en mujeres. Si una ITS pasa al bebé, puede causarle graves problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones de transmisión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las ITS no siempre presentan síntomas, o solo pueden causar síntomas leves. Por lo mismo, es posible tener una infección y no saberlo. E incluso sin síntomas, las ITS pueden ser dañinas y se pueden transmitir a través de las relaciones sexuales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene síntomas, estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Secreción inusual del pene o la vagina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Llagas o verrugas en el área genital&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Micción frecuente o dolorosa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Picazón y enrojecimiento en el área genital&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ampollas o llagas en o alrededor de la boca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Olor vaginal anormal
&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Picazón, dolor o sangrado anal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones de transmisión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si es sexualmente activo, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo de contraer infecciones de transmisión sexual y si necesita hacerse la prueba. Esto es especialmente importante, ya que muchas ITS no suelen causar síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas ITS pueden diagnosticarse durante un examen físico o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-enfermedades-de-transmision-sexual-ets/"&gt;prueba de ITS&lt;/a&gt;. Algunas pruebas incluyen examen microscópico de una llaga o líquido extraído de la vagina, el pene o el ano. Los análisis de sangre pueden diagnosticar otros tipos de ITS.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones de transmisión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; pueden tratar las ITS causadas por bacterias o parásitos. No existe cura para las ITS causadas por un virus, pero a menudo los medicamentos antivirales pueden ayudar con los síntomas y reducir su riesgo de propagar la infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante obtener tratamiento si tiene una ITS. Algunos tipos de ITS pueden causar problemas de salud serios si no se tratan.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La manera más segura de protegerse contra las ITS es no tener relaciones sexuales.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si decide tener relaciones sexuales, puede reducir su riesgo de contraer una ITS al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizar pruebas de ITS a usted y su pareja antes de tener relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilizar un condón cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales. El uso correcto de los condones de latex reduce, pero no elimina por completo, el riesgo de contraer o contagiar una ITS. Si su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al latex&lt;/a&gt;, puede utilizar condones de poliuretano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir el número de parejas sexuales. Incluso, usted puede considerar la "monogamia mutua" con sólo una pareja. Esto significa un acuerdo de ser sexualmente activo sólo con su pareja y a la vez su pareja acepta ser sexualmente activa sólo con usted. No obstante, primero deben realizarse una prueba para asegurarse que no tengan una ITS&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vacunarse contra el VPH y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html"&gt;hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400" language="English">Sexually Transmitted Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html" id="3045">Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html" id="3020">Gonorrea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html" id="1954">Herpes simple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1817">Infecciones por clamidia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html" id="3018">Sífilis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html" id="4326">Tricomoniasis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html" id="4323">Verrugas genitales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html" id="2281">Virus del papiloma humano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chancroide</see-reference>
<see-reference>ETS (Enfermedad de transmisión sexual)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad venérea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Molusco contagioso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Transmisión sexual, Enfermedades de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uretritis no gonocócica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venérea, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Verrugas anales</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el embarazo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-el-embarazo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y los hombres gais" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-los-hombres-gais.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-gay-men.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del riesgo de ITS y el sexo oral" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-del-riesgo-de-its-y-el-sexo-oral.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de enfermedades de transmisión sexual: ¿Cuál es el adecuado para ti?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/art-20046019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/ART-20046019?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001495.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chancroide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000635.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000635.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contraception-condom.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-condom.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades de las ITS" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001949_74.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001949_14.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de secreción uretral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003754.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo explicarle a tu pareja que tienes una enfermedad de transmisión sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stds-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stds-talk.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donovanosis (granuloma inguinal)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000636.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/home/ovc-20180594?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/enfermedades-de-transmision-sexual-ets/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de transmisión sexual (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-child-stds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-child-stds.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de transmisión sexual (STD por sus siglas en inglés)" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stds/informacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epididimitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001279.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="ETS (enfermedades de transmisión sexual) comunes y sus síntomas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-symptoms/art-20047081?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-symptoms/ART-20047081?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con sus hijos acerca de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stds-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stds-talk.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu pareja sobre las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/the-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/the-talk.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu pareja sobre los condones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-about-condoms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-about-condoms.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-sti-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-infections/treatment/common-sexually-transmitted-infections.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual, embarazo y lactancia materna" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-de-transmisi%C3%B3n-sexual-its/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-de-transmisi%C3%B3n-sexual-its">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ladilla" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pubic-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pubic-lice.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfogranuloma venéreo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000634.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molusco contagioso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000826.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orquitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001280.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picazón y flujo vaginal en mujeres adultas y adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003158.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos del pubis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000841.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los genitales en la mujer" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/genital-problems-in-women/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-women/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los genitales en los hombres" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-enfermedades-de-transmision-sexual-ets/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/std-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Relaciones sexuales con precaución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001949.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram de secreción uretral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003749.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uretritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000439.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos tipos de enfermedades o infecciones de transmisión sexual?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stds/informacion/tipos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/types">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades o infecciones de transmisión sexual?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stds/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afectan las enfermedades e infecciones de transmisión sexual el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stds/informacion/preguntas-afectan">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo pueden los hombres reducir el riesgo de contraer una enfermedad de transmisión sexual?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/risk">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras genitales en las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003222.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras genitales en los hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003221.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si está embarazada y contrae una infección, podría ser peligrosa para usted y su bebé. Entérese sobre  prevención y opciones de tratamiento." title="Infecciones durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3155" language="Spanish" date-created="02/20/2003">
<also-called>Infecciones en el embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;, algunas infecciones comunes como el resfrío común o una infección de la piel generalmente no causan problemas graves. Pero otras infecciones pueden ser peligrosas para usted, su bebé o ambos. Algunas infecciones pueden provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt; y bebés con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;bajo peso al nacer&lt;/a&gt;. Otros pueden causar enfermedades graves, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; y discapacidades de por vida, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;pérdida de audición&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;problemas de aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas de las infecciones que pueden ser peligrosas durante el embarazo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vaginosis bacteriana &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;Estreptococos del grupo B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;Hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;Toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones por cándida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html"&gt;Virus del Zika&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Para tratar de prevenir las infecciones:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No coma carne cruda o poco cocida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No comparta alimentos o bebidas con otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lávese las manos con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No limpie cajas de arena. Los gatos pueden transmitir toxoplasmosis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre las vacunas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene relaciones sexuales durante el embarazo, use un condón siempre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una infección durante el embarazo, comuníquese con su profesional de la salud sobre la mejor manera de protegerse usted y su bebé. Solo algunos medicamentos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;seguros durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3154" language="English">Infections and Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579">Medicinas durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728">VIH y el embarazo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Embarazo, Infecciones durante el</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el embarazo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-el-embarazo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco cosas que debe saber sobre el Zika y el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/5-zika.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/5-zika.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citomegalovirus (CMV) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/citomegalovirus-cmv/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones durante el embarazo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-complications" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-complications">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diez pasos simples para prevenir infecciones durante el embarazo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/simple-steps-to-prevent-infections-during-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Durante el embarazo: ¿Qué es una enfermedad transmitida por los alimentos?" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/que-es-una-enfermedad-transmitida-por-los-alimentos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y el herpes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001368.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y la gripe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escherichia coli (E. coli) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/e-coli/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/e-coli-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estafilococo aureus (infección de estafilococo) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/estafilococo-aureus/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/staphylococcus-aureus-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estreptococos del grupo B en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de la enfermedad por estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/es/risk-factors/factores-de-riesgo-de-la-enfermedad-por-estreptococos-del-grupo-b.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Historia de Maribel (video de una fotonovela)" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9gM83X3wRI">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual, embarazo y lactancia materna" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección de citomegalovirus durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/infeccion-de-citomegalovirus-en-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por estreptococo del grupo B" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-estreptococo-del-grupo-b-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/group-b-strep-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por listeria (listeriosis)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/listeriosis/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/listeriosis-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Influenza y embarazo" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación alimentaria durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/intoxicacion-alimentaria-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Madres embarazadas: Hay que hacerse la prueba de estreptococo del grupo B" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Get-Tested-for-Group-B-Strep.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/pages/get-tested-for-group-b-strep.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dengue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/treatment/manejo-del-dengue.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/symptoms/family.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos antivirales para tratar y/o prevenir la influenza (gripe) durante el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/medicamentos-antivirales-para-tratarprevenir-la-influenza-gripa/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/antiviral.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muertes relacionadas con el embarazo están aumentando y la septicemia es una de las principales razones" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas en riesgo: Embarazadas" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mg5v/embarazadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/pregnant-women">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos</organization>
<organization>Casa Blanca de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protección contra la toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Protecting-Against-Toxoplasmosis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-del-grupo-b/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-b-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quinta enfermedad (parvovirus B19) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-quinta-enfermedad-parvovirus-b19/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/fifth-disease-erythema-infectiosum/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubéola (y el embarazo)" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/rubeola.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión, paperas y rubéola, la vacuna MMR y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia neonatal por estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001366.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis en el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-sifilis-en-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/syphilis-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/toxoplasmosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/toxoplasmosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la Hepatitis A en el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-hepatitis-a/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna del VPH y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-vacuna-del-vph/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hpv-vaccine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas antimeningocócicas" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-enfermedad-megingococica-meningitis-bacteriana/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/meningococcal-disease-bacterial-meningitis-vaccine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginosis bacteriana" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vaginosis-bacteriana.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicela" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/varicela.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vibrio y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/informacion-para-mujeres-embarazadas-amamantando-sobre-la-infeccion-del-vibrio/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vibrio-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorios y embarazo" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la mejor forma de tratar la candidosis vaginal durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/faq-20058355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/FAQ-20058355?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afectan las enfermedades e infecciones de transmisión sexual el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stds/informacion/preguntas-afectan">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sintomas de la infección por Campylobacter incluyen diarrea, distensión abdominal y vómito. Es una enfermedad transmitida por los alimentos. Entérese aquí." title="Infecciones por campylobacter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6047" language="Spanish" date-created="08/08/2012">
<also-called>Campilobacteriosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La infección por Campylobacter es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;enfermedad transmitida por los alimentos &lt;/a&gt; común. Usted la contrae cuando consume alimentos contaminados, en especial aves que no están bien cocidas o crudas. También puede tenerla al tomar agua contaminada o leche cruda, o manipular excrementos de animales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas infectadas no tienen ningún síntoma. Si usted presenta síntomas, en general aparece entre dos a cinco días después de la infección. Usualmente duran una semana y los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrea, que puede ser con sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor abdominal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Náusea y vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los proveedores de atención médica usan pruebas de heces para hacer un diagnóstico. La mayoría de las personas mejora sin tratamiento. Usted debería beber mucho líquido mientras dure la diarrea. Las personas que tienen una infección grave o un sistema inmunitario debilitado pueden necesitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. En casos raros, la infección puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reactiva&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Guillain-Barré&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir la campilobacteriosis, cocine la carne de pollo y de aves por completo. Use tablas y utensilios de cocina diferentes para cortar las carnes. Asegúrese de lavarlos bien con detergente y agua caliente luego de usarlos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/campylobacterinfections.html" id="6046" language="English">Campylobacter Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767">Infecciones bacterianas</related-topic>
<site title="Infecciones por campylobacter" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/campylobacter.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/campylobacter.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por campylobacter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000224.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000224.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de materia fecal: Cultivo bacteriano" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-bac-culture.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba serológica para Campylobacter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003530.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003530.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La clamidia es una enfermedad común de transmisión sexual. La clamidia por lo general no tiene síntomas. Información sobre pruebas y prevención aquí." title="Infecciones por clamidia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1817" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Clamidia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La clamidia es una &lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt; común. Es causada por la bacteria &lt;i&gt;Chlamydia trachomatis&lt;/i&gt;. Cualquier persona puede contraer clamidia. A menudo no causa síntomas, por lo que es posible que las personas no sepan que la tienen. Los antibióticos pueden curarla. Pero si no se trata, la clamidia puede causar serios problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propaga la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede contraer clamidia durante el sexo oral, vaginal o anal con alguien que tiene clamidia. Una persona embarazada también puede transmitir clamidia a su bebé durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html"&gt;parto&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted tuvo clamidia y recibió tratamiento en el pasado, puede volver a infectarse si tiene relaciones sexuales sin protección con alguien que la tenga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién es más propenso a contraer clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La clamidia es más común en personas jóvenes, especialmente mujeres. Es más probable que se infecte con clamidia si no usa un condón constantemente o si tiene varias parejas sexuales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la clamidia no presenta síntomas, por lo que puede no darse cuenta que la tiene. Pero aun si no tiene síntomas, de todas formas puede contagiar la infección a otras personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene síntomas, es posible que no aparezcan hasta varias semanas después de haber tenido relaciones sexuales con una persona con clamidia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas en las mujeres incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flujo vaginal anormal, que puede tener un fuerte olor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de ardor al orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si la infección se propaga, es posible presentar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt; bajo, dolor durante las relaciones sexuales, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas en los hombres incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción del pene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de ardor al orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor e inflamación en uno o ambos testículos, aunque esto es menos común&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si la clamidia infecta el recto puede causar dolor rectal, secreción y/o sangrado tanto en hombres como en mujeres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La clamidia se diagnostica con pruebas de laboratorio. Su profesional de la salud puede pedirle una muestra de orina. O su proveedor puede usar (o pedirle que use) un hisopo de algodón para obtener una muestra de la vagina para detectar clamidia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién debe hacerse la prueba de la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Usted debe acudir a su proveedor de salud para un examen si presenta síntomas de la clamidia, o si su pareja tiene una infección de transmisión sexual. Las personas embarazadas deben hacerse una prueba cuando van a su primera &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;visita prenatal&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas en mayor riesgo que deben ser evaluadas para detectar clamidia cada año son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres sexualmente activas de 25 años o menos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres mayores que tienen nuevas o múltiples parejas sexuales, o una pareja con una infección de transmisión sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En las mujeres, una infección de clamidia no tratada puede propagarse al útero y trompas de Falopio, causando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica&lt;/a&gt;. Esta afección puede causar daños permanentes en el sistema reproductor. Esto puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html"&gt;dolor pélvico&lt;/a&gt; crónico, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo ectópico&lt;/a&gt;. Las mujeres que han tenido infecciones por clamidia más de una vez están en mayor riesgo de complicaciones graves de salud reproductiva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los hombres en general no presentan problemas de salud por la clamidia. A veces puede infectar el epidídimo, el tubo por el que se trasladan los espermatozoides. Esto puede causar dolor, fiebre y, en raras ocasiones, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La infección por clamidia también puede provocar artritis reactiva tanto en hombres como mujeres. Este tipo de artritis ocurre como una "reacción" a una infección en el cuerpo.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los bebés nacidos de madres infectadas con clamidia pueden contraer infecciones a los ojos y neumonía. También puede ser más probable que el bebé nazca antes de tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La clamidia no tratada también puede aumentar sus probabilidades de contraer o transmitir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La infección se cura con antibióticos. Es posible obtenerlos en una sola dosis, o puede que tenga que tomar medicamentos durante 7 días. Es importante que tome todos los medicamentos que su profesional de la salud le recetó. Los antibióticos no curarán cualquier daño permanente que haya causado la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para evitar infectar a su pareja, usted no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta que la infección haya terminado. Si recibió una dosis única de antibióticos, debe esperar siete días después de tomar la medicina para volver a tener relaciones sexuales. Si usted debe tomar medicamentos por siete días, no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta haber terminado el tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es común volver a contraer la infección, por lo que necesita hacerse la prueba de nuevo unos tres meses después de finalizar el tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se puede prevenir la clamidia?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La única forma segura de prevenir la clamidia es no tener sexo vaginal, anal u oral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El uso correcto de los condones de látex reduce en gran medida, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la clamidia. Si su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1307" language="English">Chlamydia Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chlamydia, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<see-reference>Clamidia, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de las infecciones por clamidia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-por-clamidia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clamidia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/clamidia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/chlamydia.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clamidia" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/clamidia/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clamidia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001345.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clamidia" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chlamydia" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chlamydia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clamidia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chlamydia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chlamydia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de secreción uretral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epididimitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por clamidia en los hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000659.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por clamidia en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000660.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfogranuloma venéreo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000634.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de clamidia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-clamidia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chlamydia-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Clostridium difficile o C. difficile es una bacteria que causa diarrea. Es más probable que usted contraiga C. difficile si toma antibióticos o es un adulto mayor." title="Infecciones por Clostridium difficile" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cdiffinfections.html" id="4618" language="Spanish" date-created="01/24/2012">
<also-called>Colitis seudomembranosa</also-called>
<also-called>Enterocolitis por Clostridium</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/i&gt; es una bacteria que puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; y afecciones intestinales más serias, como la colitis. También se conoce con otros nombres, como &lt;i&gt;Clostridioides difficile&lt;/i&gt; (un nombre nuevo) o &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt;. Causa cerca de medio millón de casos en los Estados Unidos cada año.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la infección por &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, las bacterias &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; se encuentran en el medio ambiente, pero las personas comúnmente solo se infectan con &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; cuando están tomando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Esto se debe a que los antibióticos no solo eliminan los gérmenes dañinos, sino que también matan a los gérmenes buenos que protegen su cuerpo contra las infecciones. El efecto de los antibióticos puede durar por varios meses. Si entra en contacto con bacterias de &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; durante este tiempo, puede enfermarse. Es más probable que se infecte con &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; si toma antibióticos durante más de una semana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La infección por &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; se propaga cuando las personas tocan alimentos, superficies u objetos contaminados con heces de una persona con la bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidad de tener una infección por &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que tenga &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Está tomando antibióticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene 65 años o más&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recientemente estuvo hospitalizado o se quedó en una residencia para personas mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha tenido una infección previa con &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; o ha estado expuesto a ella&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la infección por &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de infecciones por &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diarrea (deposiciones sueltas y acuosas) o frecuente evacuación de las heces durante varios días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor o sensibilidad del estómago&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La diarrea severa hace que pierda muchos líquidos. Esto puede ponerlo en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si ha estado tomando antibióticos recientemente y tiene síntomas de una infección por &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt;, debe consultar a su profesional de la salud, quien le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y le realizará una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/"&gt;prueba de laboratorio de heces&lt;/a&gt;. En algunos casos, es posible que también necesite una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;prueba de imágenes&lt;/a&gt; como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; para ver posibles complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertos antibióticos pueden tratar la infección. Si ya estaba tomando un antibiótico diferente cuando se le diagnosticó &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt;, su profesional de la salud puede pedirle que lo deje de tomar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un caso grave, es posible que deba ser hospitalizado. Si tiene dolor muy intenso o complicaciones graves, es posible que necesite una cirugía para extirpar parte de su colon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cerca de 1 de cada 6 personas que ha tenido una infección por &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; la volverá a tener. dentro de las 2 a 8 semanas siguientes. Esto se conoce como infección recurrente de &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/i&gt;. Puede ser que su infección original haya vuelto o que tenga una nueva infección. Hable con su profesional de la salud si sus síntomas regresan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para las personas que siguen contrayendo infecciones por &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/i&gt;, tratamientos como trasplantes de microbiota fecal han mostrado resultados prometedores. El trasplante utiliza heces (o bacterias de las heces) de un donante sano para intentar restablecer el equilibrio de las bacterias saludables en los intestinos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la infección por &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)&lt;/i&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay pasos que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir la infección o la propagación de &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lávese las manos con agua y jabón después de usar el baño y antes de comer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene diarrea, limpie el baño antes de que alguien más lo use. Use lejía mezclada con agua u otro desinfectante para limpiar el asiento, la manija y la tapa del inodoro&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud también pueden ayudar a prevenir la infección por &lt;i&gt;C. difficile&lt;/i&gt; tomando precauciones de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html"&gt;control de infecciones&lt;/a&gt; y mejorando la forma en que recetan antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html" id="4617" language="English">C. diff Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Análisis de heces: Toxina C. difficile" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-difficile.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-difficile.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clostridium difficile" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/clostridium-difficile.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Clostridium-difficile.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis inducida por Clostridioides (antiguamente Clostridium) difficile" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-bacterianas-bacterias-anaerobias/colitis-inducida-por-clostridioides-antiguamente-clostridium-difficile">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis seudomembranosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000259.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea relacionada con antibióticos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por Clostridium difficile" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-clostridium-difficile-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/clostridium-difficile-c-diff-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de C. difficile" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-c-difficile/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-diff-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toxina de C. difficile en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003590.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transplante de la microbiota fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007703.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una infección por cándida (o candidiasis) es una infección por hongos. Es la causa más frecuente de infecciones vaginales. Síntomas, tratamiento." title="Infecciones por cándida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html" id="1796" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Candidiasis</also-called>
<also-called>Candidiasis vulvovaginal</also-called>
<also-called>Infección micótica vaginal</also-called>
<also-called>Infección vaginal por hongo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cándida es el nombre científico de una levadura. Es un hongo que vive en casi todas partes, incluso dentro de su cuerpo. Por lo general, el sistema inmunitario mantiene los hongos bajo control. Si está enfermo o toma antibióticos, pueden multiplicarse y causar una infección.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones por cándida afectan distintas partes del cuerpo de distintas maneras:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El muguet o candidiasis oral es una infección por hongos que causa manchas blancas en la boca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La esofagitis por cándida es muguet que se disemina hacia el esófago, el tubo que lleva la comida desde la boca hacia el estómago. Provoca dolor o dificultades para tragar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las mujeres pueden tener infecciones vaginales por cándida, lo que causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html"&gt;vaginitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las infecciones en la piel por cándida causan picazón y erupciones cutáneas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La candidiasis en la sangre puede poner la vida en peligro &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los antimicóticos pueden eliminar las infecciones por cándida en la mayoría de las personas. Si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado, el tratamiento puede ser más difícil.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html" id="1255" language="English">Yeast Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aftas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Candidiasis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vagina, Infección por hongo</see-reference>
<site title="Aftas y otras infecciones por cándida" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/thrush-and-other-candida-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/pages/Thrush-and-Other-Candida-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis bucal en niños y adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000626.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000880.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis vaginal" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidosis oral" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidosis vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidosis vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001511.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones vaginales por hongos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/yeast-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/yeast-infections.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones vaginales por hongos (candidiasis vaginal)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/yeast-infection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones vaginales por hongos (candidiasis)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/infecciones-vaginales-por-hongos/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por hongos en los hombres: ¿Cómo puedo saber si tengo una?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/faq-20058464?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/FAQ-20058464?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muguet (candidiasis oral)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thrush.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thrush.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo fúngico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para detectar infecciones por cándida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-para-detectar-infecciones-por-candida/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/yeast-infection-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la boca ardiente" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/sindrome-boca-ardiente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/burning-mouth">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la mejor forma de tratar la candidosis vaginal durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/faq-20058355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/FAQ-20058355?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una dieta para la limpieza de cándida y qué es lo que hace?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/candida-cleanse/faq-20058174?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infecciones por E. coli son causadas por una bacteria. Puede hacer que se sienta enfermo. Conozca los síntomas de E. coli, tratamientos, y más." title="Infecciones por Escherichia coli" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html" id="1874" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>E. Coli</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;E. coli es el nombre de un tipo de bacteria que vive en el intestino. La mayoría de las E. coli no causan problemas. Pero, algunos tipos pueden producir enfermedades y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;. Uno de ellos causa la diarrea del viajero. El peor tipo de E. coli causa una diarrea hemorrágica y a veces puede causar insuficiencia renal y hasta la muerte. Esto, en general, ocurre en niños y en adultos con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se pueden adquirir infecciones por E. coli al consumir alimentos que contienen la bacteria. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Náuseas o vómitos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fuertes cólicos abdominales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrea líquida o con mucha sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para evitar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;intoxicación por alimentos&lt;/a&gt; y prevenir infecciones, manipule la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;comida con seguridad&lt;/a&gt;. Cocine bien las carnes, lave las frutas y verduras antes de comerlas o cocinarlas y evite la leche y los jugos sin pasteurizar. La infección también se puede adquirir al tragar agua en una piscina contaminada con desechos humanos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los casos de infección por E. coli mejoran sin tratamiento en cinco a 10 días. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html" id="1010" language="English">E. Coli Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858">Diarrea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767">Infecciones bacterianas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910">Seguridad con los alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>E. coli (Escherichia coli), Infecciones por</see-reference>
<see-reference>Escherichia coli</see-reference>
<site title="E. Coli" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/e-coli.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="E. Coli" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ecoli.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/e-coli.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="E. Coli (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ecoli.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="E. coli: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/e-coli/symptoms-causes/syc-20372058?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis por E. coli" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000296.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escherichia coli (E. coli) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/e-coli/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/e-coli-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por E-Coli: No solamente de los alimentos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/e-coli-infection-not-just-from-food.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/E-Coli-Infection-Not-Just-From-Food.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por E. coli" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-e-coli-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/e-coli-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de materia fecal: Cultivo bacteriano" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-bac-culture.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome urémico hemolítico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-uremico-hemolitico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome urémico hemolítico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000510.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones por estafilococos son causadas por bacterias que se encuentran comúnmente en la piel o en la nariz. Cómo prevenir y tratarlas aquí." title="Infecciones por estafilococo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="2170" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las infecciones por estafilococos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; son un grupo de bacterias. Hay más de 30 tipos. Un tipo llamado &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; causa la mayoría de las infecciones por estafilococo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las bacterias de estafilococos pueden causar muchos tipos diferentes de infecciones, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de la piel&lt;/a&gt;: Los tipos más comunes de infecciones por estafilococos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bacteremia: Infección del torrente sanguíneo que puede llevar a una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;, una respuesta inmune muy seria a la infección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de los huesos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;: Infección del revestimiento interno de las cámaras y válvulas del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;Intoxicación por alimentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;Neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síndrome del shock tóxico: Afección potencialmente mortal causada por toxinas de ciertos tipos de bacterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las infecciones por estafilococos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen estafilococos en la piel o en la nariz, pero no contraen una infección. Pero si se cortan o hieren, las bacterias pueden entrar al cuerpo y causarla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los estafilococos pueden propagarse de una persona a otra. También pueden encontrarse en objetos, como toallas, ropa, manijas de puertas, equipo deportivo y el control remoto. Si tiene estafilococos y no manipula adecuadamente los alimentos cuando los está preparando, también puede contagiar a otros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer una infección por estafilococos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera puede desarrollar una infección por estafilococos, pero ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de contraerla, incluidas aquellas que:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen una afección crónica como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, cáncer, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad vascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html"&gt;eccema&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado, como por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;, medicamentos para prevenir el rechazo de órganos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tuvieron una cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Están en el hospital&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usan un catéter, tubo de respiración o de alimentación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen un dispositivo implantado, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;marcapasos&lt;/a&gt;, una articulación artificial o una válvula cardiaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;quemaduras&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente si son profundas o cubren una amplia área del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Están en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se inyectan drogas ilegales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practican deportes de contacto, ya que pueden tener contacto piel a piel con otras personas o compartir equipo deportivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones por estafilococos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de una infección por estafilococos dependen del tipo de infección:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;b&gt;infecciones de la piel&lt;/b&gt; pueden verse como granos o forúnculos. Pueden estar enrojecidos, inflamados y causar dolor. En ocasiones hay pus u otro líquido. Se pueden convertir en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html"&gt;impétigo&lt;/a&gt; y desarrollar una costra en la piel, o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html"&gt;celulitis&lt;/a&gt;, un área inflamada y roja de la piel que se siente caliente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;b&gt;infecciones de los huesos&lt;/b&gt; pueden causar dolor, hinchazón, calor y enrojecimiento en el área infectada. También puede tener escalofríos y fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;b&gt;endocarditis&lt;/b&gt; causa algunos síntomas parecidos a la gripe, como fiebre, escalofríos y fatiga. También causa síntomas como latidos rápidos del corazón, dificultad para respirar y acumulación de líquido en sus brazos o piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;b&gt;intoxicación por alimentos&lt;/b&gt; generalmente causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; y fiebre. Si pierde demasiados líquidos, también puede &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratarse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los síntomas de la &lt;b&gt;neumonía&lt;/b&gt; incluyen fiebre alta, escalofríos y tos que no mejoran. También puede tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt; y dificultad para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;b&gt;síndrome de shock tóxico&lt;/b&gt; causa fiebre alta, presión arterial baja repentina, vómitos, diarrea y confusión. Es posible que tenga una erupción similar a una quemadura solar en algún lugar de su cuerpo. Este síndrome puede conducir a fallo orgánico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por estafilococos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y le preguntará sobre sus síntomas. A menudo, los médicos pueden establecer si tiene una infección de la piel por estafilococos al observarla. Para verificar otros tipos de infecciones por estafilococos, se puede hacer un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/"&gt;cultivo&lt;/a&gt; con un raspado de la piel, una muestra de tejido, una muestra de heces, o muestra de  garganta o nariz con hisopo. Otras pruebas como las de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imagen&lt;/a&gt; se pueden realizar según el tipo de infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por estafilococos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para las infecciones por estafilococos son los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Según el tipo de infección, los antibióticos pueden ser una crema, ungüento, medicamentos (para tragar) o medicamentos intravenosos. Si tiene una herida infectada, su profesional médico puede drenarla. A veces es posible que necesite una cirugía para las infecciones óseas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas infecciones por estafilococos, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html"&gt;SARM&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; resistente a la meticilina), son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;resistentes a muchos antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Pero hay ciertos antibióticos que pueden tratar estas infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones por estafilococos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos pasos pueden ayudar a prevenir las infecciones por estafilococos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use buena &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;higiene&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo lavarse las manos frecuentemente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No comparta toallas, sábanas o ropa con alguien que tenga una infección por estafilococos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es mejor no compartir equipo deportivo. Si necesita compartirlo, asegúrese de que se limpie y seque correctamente antes de usarlo por otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practique la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;seguridad de los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo no preparar alimentos para otras personas cuando tiene una infección por estafilococos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene un corte o herida, manténgala cubierta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="418" language="English">Staphylococcal Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html" id="1803">Celulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html" id="1971">Impétigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html" id="4540">Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina</related-topic>
<site title="Cuidados personales en casa para infecciones por estafilococos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000686.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000686.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo nasofaríngeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003747.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estafilococo aureus (infección de estafilococo) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/estafilococo-aureus/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/staphylococcus-aureus-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Forúnculos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001474.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forúnculos y ántrax" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estafilococo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/staphylococcus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/staphylococcus.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estafilococo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/staphylococcal-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/pages/Staphylococcal-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estafilococos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/staph-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20356221?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/staph-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20356221?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estafilococos: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/staph-infections/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356227?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección necrosante de tejidos blandos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis por estafilococos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000613.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Probiótico puede detener a los estafilococos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-probiotico-puede-detener-a-los-estafilococos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signo de Nikolski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003285.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la piel escaldada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001352.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxic-shock.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxic-shock.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000653.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000988.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000988.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ántrax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000825.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La infección por MRSA es causada por un estafilococo resistente a algunos antibióticos. Lea los síntomas de MRSA aquí." title="Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html" id="4540" language="Spanish" date-created="05/29/2008">
<also-called>SARM</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;SARM (MRSA en inglés) son las siglas en español para las infecciones por &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html"&gt;estafilococo aureus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; resistente a la meticiclina. Esta bacteria provoca infecciones que son resistentes a varios &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; comunes. Existen dos tipos de esta infección: la SARM hospitalaria, que es la que ocurre en las personas que se encuentran  en hospitales o centros de cuidado de la salud y la SARM adquirida en la comunidad que es la que se presenta en personas que tienen contacto directo y cercano con otras personas, tales como los atletas que practican fútbol americano o lucha.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para detener la SARM en los hospitales es importante un eficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html"&gt;control de la infección&lt;/a&gt;. Para prevenir la SARM adquirida en la comunidad:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ponga en práctica las buenas costumbres de higiene &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mantenga las cortaduras o los arañazos limpios y cubiertos con un vendaje hasta su curación&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;	Evite el contacto con las heridas o las vendas de otras personas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Evite compartir artículos personales, como toallas, toallitas faciales, rasuradoras o ropa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lave las sábanas, las toallas y la ropa contaminada en agua caliente con cloro y séquelas en una secadora de calor &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si una herida parece estar infectada, consulte a un profesional de la salud.  El tratamiento puede incluir drenar la infección y tomar antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html" id="4539" language="English">MRSA</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750">Antibióticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="2170">Infecciones por estafilococo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" id="3041">Medidas para el control de infecciones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Estafilococo aureus resistente a la meticilina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Estafilococo resistente a la meticilina</see-reference>
<see-reference>SARM</see-reference>
<see-reference>Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir los piojos, los oxiuros y el SARM (staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina) en la piscina" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-los-piojos-los-oxiuros-y-el-sarm-staphylococcus-aureus-resistente-a-la-meticilina.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-lice-pinworms-and-mrsa-at-the-pool.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estafilococo aureus (infección de estafilococo) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/estafilococo-aureus/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/staphylococcus-aureus-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estafilococo áureo resistente a la meticilina (MRSA)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/estafilococo-aureo-resistente-a-la-meticilina-mrsa-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hisopado nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estafilococos en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por SARM" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mrsa.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mrsa.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por SARM" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mrsa/symptoms-causes/syc-20375336?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mrsa/symptoms-causes/syc-20375336?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de SARM" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sarm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mrsa-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="SARM" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mrsa.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mrsa.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="SARM y el sitio de trabajo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2013-112_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/mrsa/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007261.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones por estreptococos pueden causar la faringitis estreptocócica (grupo A) o infecciones de la sangre (grupo B). Aprenda más aquí." title="Infecciones por estreptococo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html" id="2174" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El estreptococo es un tipo de bacteria. Existen varios tipos. Dos de ellos causan la mayoría de infecciones por estreptococo en las personas: Grupo A y grupo B.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El estreptococo del grupo A causa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infección en la garganta: Una garganta irritada y adolorida. Sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html"&gt;amígdalas&lt;/a&gt; pueden estar hinchadas y tener manchas blancas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Escarlatina: Una enfermedad que ocurre después de la faringitis estreptocócica. Provoca una erupción roja en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html"&gt;Impétigo&lt;/a&gt;: Una infección en la piel &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Síndrome del shock tóxico &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html"&gt;Celulitis&lt;/a&gt; y fascitis necrotizante (enfermedad necrotizante) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El estreptococo del grupo B puede causar infecciones de la sangre, neumonía y meningitis en los recién nacidos. Una prueba durante el embarazo puede indicar si la tiene. Si es así, antibióticos vía intravenosa durante el parto pueden salvar la vida de su bebé.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los adultos también pueden contraer infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B, especialmente si son mayores de 65 años o si tienen problemas de salud. El estreptococo grupo B puede causar en adultos infecciones del tracto urinario, la sangre y la piel; y neumonía.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para tratar las infecciones por estreptococos se utilizan antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html" id="421" language="English">Streptococcal Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html" id="1803">Celulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html" id="1971">Impétigo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Escarlatina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Estreptococo, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la enfermedad por estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-enfermedad-por-estreptococos-del-grupo-b.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/about/adults.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca de la infección de garganta por estreptococos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-infeccion-de-garganta-por-estreptococos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis estreptocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000639.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis estreptocócica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-la-garganta-por-estreptococos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/strep-throat/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amigdalitis estreptocócica recurrente: ¿Cuándo es necesaria una amigdalectomía?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/faq-20058360?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/FAQ-20058360?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis estreptocócico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003745.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celulitis estreptocócica perianal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001346.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corea de Sydenham" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001358.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de muestra faríngea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003746.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ectima" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000864.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erisipela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escarlatina" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scarlet-fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scarlet-fever.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreptococos del grupo B en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de Anti-DNasa B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003537.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de la enfermedad por estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/es/risk-factors/factores-de-riesgo-de-la-enfermedad-por-estreptococos-del-grupo-b.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre escarlatina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000974.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre reumática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003940.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003940.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre reumática" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/fiebre-reumatica/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/rheumatic-fever/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gangrena gaseosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000620.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonefritis (GN) posestreptocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000503.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonefritis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/glomerulonephritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/glomerulonephritis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones estreptocócicas (estreptococo invasivo del grupo A)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/streptococcal/group_a/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estreptococo: No son A ni B" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/streptococcal-infections-not-a-or-b.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Streptococcal-Infections-Not-A-or-B.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estreptococos del grupo A" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/group-a-strep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/group-a-strep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección necrosante de tejidos blandos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por estreptococo del grupo B" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-estreptococo-del-grupo-b-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/group-b-strep-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un exudado faríngeo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-strep.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estreptococos A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-a/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-a-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-del-grupo-b/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-b-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba estreptocócica: Cultivo de exudado faríngeo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest11.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest11.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba estreptocócica: Rápida" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-rapid-strep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-rapid-strep.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sepsis-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sepsis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia neonatal por estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001366.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000653.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxic-shock.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxic-shock.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de la escarlatina" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/sintomas-de-la-escarlatina.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/scarlet-fever.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos pediátricos neuropsiquiátricos autoinmunitarios asociados con infecciones estreptocócicas (PANDAS): Preguntas y respuestas" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/pandas-preguntas-y-respuestas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/pandas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Título de antiestreptolisina O" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003522.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La giardiasis es una enfermedad causada por un parásito. La diarrea es el principal síntoma de la infección. Quién está en riesgo y tratamientos aquí." title="Infecciones por Giardia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giardiainfections.html" id="1923" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Giardiasis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La giardiasis es una enfermedad causada por un parásito llamado Giardia intestinalis. Este parásito vive en el suelo, los alimentos y el agua. También puede estar en las superficies contaminadas con desperdicios. También se puede estar expuesto al parásito a través de la materia fecal durante el contacto sexual. La infección puede ocurrir si se traga el parásito.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El riesgo de contraer guardia es más alto en personas que viajan a países donde el parásito es común, en guarderías infantiles y en personas que beben agua sin tratar.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La diarrea es el principal síntoma de la infección por giardia. Otros pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Gas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evacuaciones grasosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cólicos abdominales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Malestar estomacal o nauseas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos síntomas pueden conducir a pérdida de peso y de líquidos corporales. Algunas personas no tienen ningún síntoma.  En quienes los presentan, suelen durar de dos a seis semanas. Una muestra de materia fecal puede diagnosticarla. Muchas veces se necesita recolectar varias muestras para examinar. Los médicos utilizan varios medicamentos para tratarla.  &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de prevenir la giardiasis es practicar una buena higiene, incluyendo el lavado de manos frecuente. No debe consumir agua que pueda estar contaminada. También debe pelar o lavar la fruta fresca y verduras antes de comer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html" id="1258" language="English">Giardia Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html" id="1867">Agua potable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<see-reference>Giardia, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<see-reference>Giardiasis</see-reference>
<site title="Datos sobre la Giardia y las piscinas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/media/pdfs/giardia-swimming-pool-factsheet-esp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de huevos y parásitos en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003756.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giardiasis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/giardiasis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/giardiasis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giardiasis (fiebre del castor)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/giardiasis/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por giardia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000288.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por giardia (giardiosis)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por giardia (giardiosis): Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372790?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de materia fecal: Antígeno de Giardia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-giardia.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de huevos y parásitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Haemophilus es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias que pueden causar enfermedades graves, como el Hib. Existe una vacuna para prevenir el Hib. Más aquí." title="Infecciones por Haemophilus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5969" language="Spanish" date-created="04/16/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Haemophilus es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias que pueden causar diferentes tipos de enfermedades que involucran la respiración, los huesos, las articulaciones y el sistema nervioso. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay varios tipos de Haemophilus. Uno común es  Hib  (&lt;em&gt;Haemophilus influenzae&lt;/em&gt; tipo b), que provoca una enfermedad grave. Por lo general afecta a niños menores de cinco años. Su niño puede contraer la enfermedad por Hib al estar cerca de otros niños o adultos que tengan la bacteria sin saberlo. Los gérmenes se propagan de persona a persona. Si los gérmenes permanecen en la nariz y en la garganta del niño, probablemente no se enferme. Pero a veces los gérmenes pasan a los pulmones o al torrente sanguíneo y entonces el Hib puede causar problemas graves como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;p&gt;Existe una vacuna para prevenir la enfermedad Hib. Todos los niños menores de cinco años de edad deben ser vacunados con la vacuna Hib.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5968" language="English">Haemophilus Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767">Infecciones bacterianas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html" id="2031">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html" id="2094">Neumonía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Haemophilus, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la enfermedad por Haemophilus influenzae" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/es/about/acerca-de-la-enfermedad-por-haemophilusinfluenzae.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epiglotitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000605.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de la enfermedad por Haemophilus influenzae" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/es/risk-factors/factores-de-riesgo-de-la-enfermedad-por-haemophilusinfluenzae.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haemophilus influenzae tipo b" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/haemophilus-influenzae-type-b.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Haemophilus-Influenzae-type-b.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hib (Haemophilus influenzae tipo B)" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/hib/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por Haemophilus influenzae" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-bacterianas-bacterias-gramnegativas/infecciones-por-haemophilus-influenzae">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis por H. influenzae" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000612.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el Hib (Haemophilus influenzae tipo b)" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_hib.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hib.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es una bacteria que causa infecciones en el estómago. Puede causar úlceras pépticas y cáncer de estómago. Más aquí." title="Infecciones por Helicobacter pylori" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html" id="6079" language="Spanish" date-created="01/30/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)&lt;/em&gt; es un tipo de bacteria que causa infección en el estómago. Es la principal causa de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlceras pépticas&lt;/a&gt; y también puede causar gastritis y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de estómago&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cerca del 30 al 40 % de las personas en los Estados Unidos contraen una infección por  &lt;em&gt;H. pylori&lt;/em&gt;. La mayoría de las personas la contraen de niños. En general, la  &lt;em&gt;H. pylori&lt;/em&gt; no causa síntomas, pero puede romper la capa protectora interna en el estómago de algunas personas y causar inflamación. Esto puede causar gastritis o una úlcera péptica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no están seguros de cómo se propaga la  &lt;em&gt;H. pylori&lt;/em&gt;. Piensan que se puede diseminar por alimentos y agua sucios, o por contacto con la saliva y otros fluidos corporales de una persona infectada.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una úlcera péptica causa un dolor sordo o ardiente en el estómago, especialmente cuando tiene el estómago vacío. Tiene una duración de minutos a horas, y puede aparecer y desaparecer durante varios días o semanas. También puede causar otros síntomas, como hinchazón, náuseas y pérdida de peso. Si tiene síntomas de una úlcera péptica, su profesional de la salud lo examinará para ver si tiene  &lt;em&gt;H. pylori&lt;/em&gt;. Hay pruebas de sangre, aliento y heces para detectarla. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopia&lt;/a&gt; superior, a menudo con una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una úlcera péptica, el tratamiento consiste en una combinación de antibióticos y medicamentos reductores de ácido. Deberá volver a hacerse la prueba después del tratamiento para asegurarse de que la infección haya desaparecido.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay vacuna para  &lt;em&gt;H. pylori&lt;/em&gt;. Dado que puede propagarse a través de alimentos y agua contaminados, es posible que pueda prevenirla si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lavarse las manos después de usar el baño y antes de comer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer alimentos preparados adecuadamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber agua de fuentes limpias y seguras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH:Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html" id="6078" language="English">Helicobacter Pylori Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html" id="2172">Cáncer de estómago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html" id="2083">Úlcera péptica</related-topic>
<site title="Definición y hechos de las úlceras pépticas (úlceras gástricas)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/definicion-hechos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/definition-facts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes para H. pylori" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007501.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001150.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis y gastropatía" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastritis-gastropatia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="H. pylori en niños" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/H%20pylori%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/h-pylori.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/h-pylori.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-h-pylori" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/h-pylori-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por helicobacter pylori" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/helicobacter-pylori-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Helicobacter-Pylori-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por Helicobacter pylori" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007715.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por Helicobacter pylori" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/gastritis-y-%C3%BAlcera-gastroduodenal/infecci%C3%B3n-por-helicobacter-pylori">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/h-pylori/symptoms-causes/syc-20356171?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/h-pylori/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356177?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de materia fecal: Antígeno de H. pylori" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-pylori-antigen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-pylori-antigen.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones por hongos (micosis) son causadas por hongos. Muchas son fáciles de tratar, pero otras son muy graves. Tipos, síntomas y más aquí." title="Infecciones por hongos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Infecciones micóticas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si alguna vez tuvo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html"&gt;pie de atleta&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;infección por cándida&lt;/a&gt; (candidiasis), puede culpar a un hongo. Los hongos son organismos primitivos. Las setas y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html"&gt;moho&lt;/a&gt; son algunos tipos de hongos. Los hongos viven en el aire, el suelo, las plantas y el agua. Algunos viven en el cuerpo humano. Sólo aproximadamente la mitad de todos los tipos de hongos son dañinos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos hongos se reproducen mediante pequeñas esporas en el aire. Estas esporas pueden inhalarse o pueden caer sobre las personas. Como consecuencia, las infecciones por hongos (micóticas) suelen comenzar en los pulmones o en la piel. Es más probable que contraiga una infección micótica si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los hongos pueden ser difíciles de matar. Para las infecciones en la piel y las uñas, se pueden aplicar medicamentos directamente sobre el área infectada. Los medicamentos antimicóticos por vía oral también se encuentran disponibles para las infecciones graves. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258" language="English">Fungal Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aspergillosis.html" id="5629">Aspergilosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html" id="5635">Fiebre del valle</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html" id="5633">Histoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html" id="1796">Infecciones por cándida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="2093">Infecciones por Pneumocystis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html" id="2197">Infecciones por tiña</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html" id="2037">Moho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html" id="1761">Pie de atleta</related-topic>
<site title="Artritis fúngica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000444.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blastomicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000102.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coccidioidomicosis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001322.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Criptococosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001328.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de ganglio linfático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003737.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades por hongos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/fungal-diseases.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/pages/Fungal-Diseases.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupciones cutáneas leves y otros cambios en la piel" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esporotricosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001338.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de sarpullido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-sarpullido/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rash-evaluation/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fijación del complemento para coccidioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003547.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fijación del complemento para coccidioides en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003526.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis para hongos en esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003736.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hongos en las uñas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección micótica de la uña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001330.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por Candida auris" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007758.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las infecciones por hongos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-por-hongos-infecciones-f%C3%BAngicas-micosis/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-por-hongos">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión cutánea de blastomicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000865.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucormicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000649.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis por hipersensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo fúngico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reconocer y tratar las infecciones provocadas por hongos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-hongos-que-viven-entre-nosotros" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/05/fungus-among-us">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tiña de las uñas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-micoticas-en-las-unas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nail-fungal-infections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña versicolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001465.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la queratitis fúngica?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/queratitis-fungica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-fungal-keratitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones por Listeria son causadas por bacterias en alimentos crudos, procesados o hechos con leche no pasteurizada. Cómo reducir su riesgo." title="Infecciones por Listeria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/listeriainfections.html" id="2007" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Listeria</also-called>
<also-called>Listeriosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La listeriosis es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;enfermedad transmitida por alimentos&lt;/a&gt; causada por la listeria monocytogenes, una bacteria que se encuentra en la tierra y el agua. Puede encontrarse en una variedad de alimentos crudos, así como en alimentos procesados y hechos con leche no pasteurizada. La listeria es distinta a muchos otros gérmenes porque puede crecer incluso dentro de las temperaturas frías de un refrigerador. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen fiebre y escalofríos, dolor de cabeza, malestar estomacal y vómitos.  El tratamiento es con antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera puede contraer la enfermedad. Pero es más probable que afecte a las mujeres embarazadas, fetos, personas de edad avanzada y personas con el sistema inmunitario debilitado. Para reducir el riesgo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use los alimentos precocidos y las comidas listas para consumir lo antes que pueda &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Evite la leche y los productos lácteos sin pasteurizar  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Caliente los alimentos listos para consumir y las sobras hasta que les salga vapor  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Lave las frutas frescas y las verduras &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Evite las carnes y los mariscos ahumados poco cocidos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/listeriainfections.html" id="1241" language="English">Listeria Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Listeria, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico y tratamiento (de la listeria)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/diagnosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/about/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Historia de Maribel (video de una fotonovela)" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9gM83X3wRI">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección por listeria (listeriosis)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/listeriosis/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/listeriosis-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación alimentaria durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/intoxicacion-alimentaria-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeria (listeriosis)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeriosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001380.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeriosis" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/listeriosis/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeriosis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/listeria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/listeria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manipulación especial para alimentos refrigerados listos para consumir" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/78644/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/what-you-need-know-about-preventing-listeria-infections">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas en riesgo (de listeria)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/risk.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/risk.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención (de la listeria)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria para futuras mamás: Durante el embarazo (Listeria)" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/listeria-de-seguridad-alimentaria-para-futuras-mamas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/health-educators/listeria-food-safety-moms-be">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas (de la listeria)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/symptoms.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="TOPICLETTE: Las micobacterias son un tipo de gérmen. Hay muchos diferentes tipos. Lea sobre los tipos de infecciones micobacterianas y sus síntomas." title="Infecciones por micobacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5361" language="Spanish" date-created="03/30/2011">
<also-called>Infecciones micobacterianas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las micobacterias son un tipo de gérmen. Hay varios tipos. El más común causa la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt; Otro causa la lepra. Y otros causan infecciones llamadas infecciones por micobacterias atípicas. No son "típicas" porque no causan tuberculosis, pero pueden provocar daño, sobre todo a personas con problemas inmunitarios, como el sida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, usted puede tener estas infecciones pero no tener síntomas. En otras ocasiones, puede tener síntomas en los pulmones similares a los de la tuberculosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tos con sangre o mucosidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio y fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre y escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Transpiración de noche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de apetito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estas infecciones se pueden tratar con medicamentos, pero varias veces se necesita más de uno. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5360" language="English">Mycobacterial Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Micobacterias, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="Cultivo micobacteriano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003740.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003740.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lepra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001347.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lepra (enfermedad de Hansen)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/leprosy/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de bacilos acidorresistentes (BAAR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinción del esputo para micobacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003724.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlcera de Buruli" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/buruli-ulcer-(mycobacterium-ulcerans-infection)" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/buruli-ulcer-(mycobacterium-ulcerans-infection)">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones neumocócicas pueden ser leves o graves. La meningitis, sepsis, neumonía e infecciones del oído y sinusitis son las más comunes." title="Infecciones por neumococo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5715" language="Spanish" date-created="11/24/2010">
<also-called>Infecciones neumocócicas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El neumococo es un tipo de bacteria &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;estreptocócica&lt;/a&gt;. La bacteria se disemina a través del contacto con personas que están infectadas o con personas que no están enfermas pero que portan la bacteria en la parte posterior de su nariz.  Las infecciones neumocócicas pueden ser leves o graves. Las infecciones más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones del oído&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html"&gt;Sinusitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;Neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html"&gt;Sepsis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;Meningitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cómo se realice el diagnóstico depende de dónde está la infección. Su médico le hará un examen físico y le preguntará acerca de su historia clínica. Las posibles pruebas pueden incluir exámenes de sangre, imágenes o pruebas de laboratorio. El tratamiento es con antibióticos. Las vacunas previenen las infecciones por neumococo. Existen dos vacunas. Una para recién nacidos y niños pequeños. La otra es para personas en riesgo, incluyendo aquellas personas mayores de 65 años o que padecen de una enfermedad crónica o que tienen un sistema inmune debilitado o que fuman o tienen asma o viven en residencias de cuidado. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5714" language="English">Pneumococcal Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html" id="2174">Infecciones por estreptococo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html" id="2031">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html" id="2094">Neumonía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html" id="3211">Sepsis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html" id="2147">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Neumococo, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="Antibióticos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones neumocócicas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-bacterianas-bacterias-grampositivas/infecciones-neumoc%C3%B3cicas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por neumococo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/pneumococcal-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Pneumococcal-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis neumocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000607.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumococo" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/pneumonia/index.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de enfermedades neumocócicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-enfermedades-neumococicas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pneumococcal-disease-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram en esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003765.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna conjugada neumocócica: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_pcv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/pcv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el neumococo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/inmunizaci%C3%B3n-vacunaci%C3%B3n/vacuna-contra-el-neumococo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/immunization/pneumococcal-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna neumocócica polisacárida: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_ppsv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ppv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas de su hijo: Vacunas antineumocócicas (PCV y PPSV)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pneumococcal-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pneumococcal-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para neumococo" url="https://www.hhs.gov/inmunizacion/enfermedades/neumonia/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los norovirus son un grupo de virus relacionados. Causan síntomas como náusea y diarrea. Conozca los tratamientos para la infección por norovirus." title="Infecciones por Norovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html" id="6104" language="Spanish" date-created="01/16/2013">
<also-called>Norovirus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los Norovirus son un grupo de virus relacionados. La infección con el Norovirus provoca una enfermedad llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt;, que es la inflamación del estómago y los intestinos. Las personas pueden contagiarse unas a otras o por medio del agua o alimentos contaminados. También se puede adquirir el Norovirus si se toca una superficie contaminada. Estas infecciones pueden ser graves, sobre todo para niños pequeños y personas mayores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas más comunes de una infección por Norovirus son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas pueden ser: fiebre, dolor de cabeza o dolor general en el cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento incluye descanso y beber muchos líquidos para prevenir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;. No hay un medicamento específico para tratar las infecciones por Norovirus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estas infecciones pueden prevenirse con un adecuado lavado de manos y un manejo apropiado de los alimentos cuando se cocinan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html" id="6103" language="English">Norovirus Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Norwalk</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del virus de Norwalk (calicivirus)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/norwalk/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por norovirus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/norovirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355302?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por norovirus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/norovirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20355296?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/norovirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20355296?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavarse las manos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/norovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/norovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las infecciones por Pneumocystis son causadas por un hongo en los pulmones. El tipo más común es la neumonía por Pneumocystis. Más detalles aquí." title="Infecciones por Pneumocystis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="2093" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Neumocistosis</also-called>
<also-called>Neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii</also-called>
<also-called>Pneumocystis jiroveci</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; es un hongo común en todo el mundo. Muchas personas han estado expuestas a él cuando eran niños. Algunas personas tienen el hongo en sus pulmones. Si está sano, normalmente no le enfermará. Pero puede enfermarlo si tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/a&gt;, por ejemplo si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedad autoinmune&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; crónica (de larga duración)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se sometió a un trasplante de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;órgano&lt;/a&gt; o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propaga &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; puede transmitirse de persona a persona a través del aire. Usted puede contagiar a otras personas incluso si no está enfermo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la neumonía por Pneumocystis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tipo más común de infección causada por &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; es la neumonía por Pneumocystis. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt; es una infección en uno o ambos pulmones. Hace que los sacos de aire de los pulmones se llenen de líquido o pus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la neumonía por Pneumocystis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la neumonía por Pneumocystis pueden desarrollarse durante varios días o semanas. Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contacte a su profesional de la salud si tiene síntomas que cree que están relacionados con la neumonía por Pneumocystis. Dado que la esta afección puede poner en riesgo la vida, es importante recibir tratamiento temprano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la neumonía por Pneumocystis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene neumonía por Pneumocystis, su profesional de la salud tomará una muestra de fluido o tejido de sus pulmones. Es posible que usted tosa la muestra (llamada esputo), le recolecten líquido durante un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/"&gt;lavado broncoalveolar&lt;/a&gt; o le hagan una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; para extraer tejido. La muestra se envía al laboratorio para detectar &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la neumonía por Pneumocystis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La neumonía por Pneumocystis se trata con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;, ya sea por vía oral o intravenosa. Debe tomarlos durante unas 3 semanas. Si tiene un caso grave de neumonía por Pneumocystis, es posible que necesite tratamiento en el hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la neumonía por Pneumocystis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe ninguna vacuna para prevenir la neumonía por Pneumocystis. Es posible que algunas personas con un alto riesgo de contraer la afección deban tomar antibióticos para prevenirla.&lt;/p&gt;

Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="1510" language="English">Pneumocystis Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Neumocistosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pneumocystis jiroveci</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pneumocystis, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="Neumonía en personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/neumon%C3%ADa/neumon%C3%ADa-en-personas-con-un-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado?autoredirectid=24056" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pneumonia/pneumonia-in-people-with-a-weakened-immune-system">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía por Pneumocystis (PCP)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/neumonia-por-pneumocystis-pcp-y-vih/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía por Pneumocystis jiroveci" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000671.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las infecciones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsandinfections.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Salmonela es un grupo de bacterias y es la causa más común de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos. Síntomas, prevención, tratamiento." title="Infecciones por salmonela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html" id="2133" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Salmonella</also-called>
<also-called>Salmonelosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Salmonela es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias. En Estados Unidos es la causa más común de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos&lt;/a&gt;. La salmonela se encuentra en las aves crudas, los huevos, la carne vacuna y, algunas veces, en las frutas y vegetales sin lavar. También se puede adquirir tras manipular mascotas, especialmente reptiles como las serpientes, tortugas y lagartos.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cólicos abdominales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pueden presentarse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas, vómitos&lt;/a&gt; y pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas suelen durar entre cuatro y siete días. Su proveedor de salud puede diagnosticarla con una prueba de heces. La mayoría de las personas mejora sin tratamiento. Puede ser más grave entre los adultos mayores, niños pequeños y personas con enfermedades crónicas. Si la salmonela penetra en el torrente sanguíneo, puede ser seria. Se trata con antibióticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La fiebre tifoidea, una enfermedad más seria causada por salmonela, no es común en Estados Unidos, pero ocurre frecuentemente en países en vías de desarrollo.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html" id="1213" language="English">Salmonella Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Salmonela, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salmonelosis</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterocolitis por salmonela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000294.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre tifoidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001332.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre tifoidea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/typhoid.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por salmonella (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/salmonellosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/salmonellosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por salmonela" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación alimentaria durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/intoxicacion-alimentaria-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de materia fecal: Cultivo bacteriano" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-bac-culture.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonelosis" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/salmonellosis/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonelosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/salmonellosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/salmonellosis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con los huevos" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/seguridad-con-los-huevos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la fiebre tifoidea" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_typhoid.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/typhoid.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tiña se refiere a un grupo de enfermedades de la piel por hongos. Algunos casos pueden tratarse con medicinas sin receta médica y otros con receta." title="Infecciones por tiña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html" id="2197" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La tiña es el nombre de un grupo de enfermedades causada por un hongo. Los tipos de tiña incluyen la tiña en el cuerpo, pie de atleta y la tiña con picazón. Estas infecciones no suelen ser serias, pero pueden ser incómodas. Se pueden adquirir por tocar a una persona infectada, superficies húmedas como pisos de duchas o incluso de una mascota.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas dependen del área del cuerpo que esté afectada:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La tiña en el cuerpo es un anillo rojo que se forma alrededor de un área de piel normal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La tiña en el cuero cabelludo causa parches rojos y picazón en la cabeza. Puede dejar áreas sin cabello. Suele afectar a los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html"&gt;pie de atleta&lt;/a&gt; provoca picazón, ardor y piel agrietada entre los dedos del pie &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La tiña inguinal causa una lesión cutánea con picazón y ardor en el área de la ingle &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las cremas y los polvos que se venden sin receta médica resolverán muchas infecciones por tiña, especialmente el pie de atleta y la tiña con picazón. Otros casos necesitan medicamentos con receta médica. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tineainfections.html" id="1228" language="English">Tinea Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html" id="1761">Pie de atleta</related-topic>
<site title="Examen de hidróxido de potasio en lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003761.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por tiña (tiña, pie de atleta, tiña inguinal)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/tinea-infections-ringworm-athletes-foot-jock-itch.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Tinea-Infections-Ringworm-Athletes-Foot-Jock-Itch.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las dermatofitosis (tiña)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-f%C3%BAngicas-de-la-piel/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-dermatofitosis-ti%C3%B1a">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Tiña (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ringworm-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ringworm-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo fúngico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tiña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001439.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ringworm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ringworm.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña corporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000877.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña crural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000876.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000878.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña inguinal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tina-inguinal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiña inguinal (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/jock-itch.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/jock-itch.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los virus causan infecciones como el resfriado común, pero también causan enfermedades graves. Más detalles sobre las infecciones virales aquí." title="Infecciones virales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Infecciones causadas por virus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los virus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los virus son gérmenes muy pequeños. Están hechos de material 
genético (ya sea &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/basica/adn/"&gt;ADN&lt;/a&gt; o ARN) dentro de un recubrimiento de proteína. 
Hay una gran cantidad de virus en la tierra. Solo un pequeño número 
de ellos puede infectar a los humanos. Estos virus pueden infectar 
nuestras células, lo que puede causar enfermedades. Algunas de las 
enfermedades que pueden causar los virus incluyen el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfrío común&lt;/a&gt;, la 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;influenza&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propagan los virus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los virus se pueden propagar de diferentes maneras:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;A través de gotitas y partículas exhaladas por una persona con la 
infección. Es posible que inhale las gotitas o partículas, o que caigan 
en su boca, nariz u ojos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Al tocar superficies u objetos que tienen el virus y luego tocarse la 
boca, la nariz o los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;De la persona embarazada al bebé &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;A través de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;alimentos o agua contaminados&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Al ser picado por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insecto&lt;/a&gt; o animal infectado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;contacto sexual&lt;/a&gt; (generalmente sexo vaginal, anal y 
oral) con alguien con la infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo los virus causan enfermedades?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los virus son como secuestradores. Invaden células vivas y 
normales. Luego usan esas células para multiplicarse (hacer copias de 
sí mismos). Este proceso también se llama replicación. El proceso 
puede matar, dañar o cambiar las células infectadas. A veces esto 
puede enfermarle. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a muy severos. 
Otras veces, su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; puede combatirlo y es posible que no tenga ningún síntoma.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, cada virus diferente solo infecta un tipo de célula en su 
cuerpo. Por ejemplo, los virus de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; afectan las células del 
hígado. El VIH infecta cierto tipo de célula del sistema inmunitario.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones virales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las infecciones virales, los tratamientos solo 
pueden ayudar con los síntomas mientras espera que su sistema 
inmunitario combata el virus. Existen medicamentos antivirales para 
tratar algunas infecciones virales. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; no funcionan para las 
infecciones virales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones virales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a prevenir que contraiga muchas 
enfermedades virales. Es posible que pueda prevenir algunas 
infecciones virales al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos bien&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Seguir medidas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;seguridad con los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Limpiar superficies &lt;/a&gt; que puedan estar infectadas con gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto con animales salvajes&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Prevenir las picaduras de insectos usando repelente de insectos al 
salir al aire libre. Si viaja a un área que tiene un alto riesgo de 
enfermedades por picaduras de insectos, use también pantalones 
largos, camisas y calcetines&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Practicar sexo seguro (usar condón cada vez que tenga sexo anal, 
vaginal u oral)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454" language="English">Viral Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chikungunya.html" id="6346">Chikungunya</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cytomegalovirusinfections.html" id="3981">Citomegalovirus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html" id="6293">Crup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html" id="2243">Culebrilla (herpes zóster)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html" id="6203">Ebola</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3182">Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="2256">Fiebres hemorrágicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html" id="1980">Gripe</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hantavirusinfections.html" id="3218">Hantavirus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html" id="1954">Herpes simple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html" id="6104">Infecciones por Norovirus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" id="7208">Mielitis flácida aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html" id="1978">Mononucleosis infecciosa</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html" id="3230">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html" id="2042">Paperas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="2096">Polio y síndrome de post-polio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fifthdisease.html" id="1904">Quinta enfermedad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html" id="2115">Rabia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832">Resfrío</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3216">Rotavirus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html" id="2130">Rubéola</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/measles.html" id="2025">Sarampión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html" id="1807">Varicela</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html" id="2225">Verrugas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html" id="2228">Virus del Nilo Occidental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html" id="2281">Virus del papiloma humano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html" id="6343">Virus del Zika</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3102">Virus respiratorio sincitial</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artritis viral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Croup</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad de mano, pie y boca (MPB)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enterovirus no-polio</see-reference>
<see-reference>Laringitis viral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mano, pie y boca, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Molluscum contagioso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Virus, Infecciones por</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de la enfermedad de manos, pies y boca" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/es/about/acerca-de-la-enfermedad-de-manos-pies-y-boca.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aclarando el aire: Todo sobre los virus de transmisión aérea" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aclarando-el-aire" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/12/clearing-air">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adenovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crup: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de ganglio linfático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003737.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del virus del Zika" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007666.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterovirus D68" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000782.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterovirus: Lo que los padres deben saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/Paginas/Reports-of-a-Severe-Respiratory-Illness-on-the-Rise.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre ELISA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003332.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exantema vírico de boca-manos-pies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000965.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000965.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes e higiene: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Herpangina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000969.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones bacterianas frente a infecciones virales: ¿En qué se diferencian?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/FAQ-20058098?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por el virus de coxsackie" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coxsackie.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coxsackie.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por enterovirus (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/enteroviruses.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enteroviruses.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones virales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-infecciones-virales/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-infecciones-virales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/overview-of-viral-infections/overview-of-viral-infections">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medidas para el control de infecciones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis flácida aguda: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molusco contagioso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000826.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molusco contagioso" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/molusco-contagioso/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/molluscum-contagiosum/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panel de patógenos respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-de-patogenos-respiratorios/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parainfluenza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001370.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parechovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/parechovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/parechovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas y respuestas sobre el virus Oropouche" url="https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/24-7-2024-preguntas-respuestas-sobre-virus-oropouche">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de inmunoglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-inmunoglobulinas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de PCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas rápidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Roséola" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000968.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroiditis subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus ECHO" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001340.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Every year, lives are lost because of the spread of hospital infections. Read about the preventive steps you can take, such as proper handwashing" title="Infection Control" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040" language="English" date-created="01/13/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every year, lives are lost because of the spread of infections in hospitals. Health care workers can take steps to prevent the spread of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;infectious diseases&lt;/a&gt;. These steps are part of infection control.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Proper hand washing&lt;/a&gt; is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infections in hospitals. If you are a patient, don't be afraid to remind friends, family and health care providers to wash their hands before getting close to you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other steps health care workers can take include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Covering coughs and sneezes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying up to date with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccinations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Using gloves, masks and protective clothing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making tissues and hand cleaners available &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Following hospital guidelines when dealing with blood or contaminated items&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" id="3041" language="Spanish">Medidas para el control de infecciones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017053">Infection Control</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectioncontrol.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectioncontrol.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectioncontrol.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectioncontrol.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html" id="4539">MRSA</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood-Borne Pathogens</see-reference>
<see-reference>Universal Precautions</see-reference>
<site title="About Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cre/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Pseudomonas aeruginosa" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pseudomonas-aeruginosa/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/staphylococcus-aureus/about/vancomycin-resistant-staph.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="After an exposure to sharps or body fluids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000442.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloodborne pathogens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/uti/about/cauti-basics.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central line infections - hospitals" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000474.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/clabsi/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clean Hands Count" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzkNSzqmUSY&amp;feature=youtu.be">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cleaning supplies and equipment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleaning to prevent the spread of germs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infection Control" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22infection+control%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=nosocomial+infections&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Infectious Diseases (ID)" url="https://www.idsociety.org/public-health/facts-about-id/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Infectious Diseases Society of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Responders: Encourage Your Workers to Report Bloodborne Pathogen Exposures" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-118/default.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2008-118_sp/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthcare-Associated Infections HAIs: Reports and Data" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospital-Wide Hazards: Biological Hazards -- Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/hospitals/hospital-wide-hazards/biological-hazards">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How To Be A Good Visitor During Flu Season" url="https://apic.org/Resource_/TinyMceFileManager/for_consumers/IPandYou_Bulletin_Being_a_good_visitor_flu.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infection Control Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infection Prevention and You" url="https://apic.org/Resource_/TinyMceFileManager/IP_and_You/IPandYou_InfographicPoster_2013.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Disease Specialist: What Is an Infectious Disease Specialist?" url="https://www.idsociety.org/public-health/what-is-an-id-specialist">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Infectious Diseases Society of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isolation precautions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personal protective equipment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing infections when visiting someone in the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infection Control" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infection+Control%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe Injection Practices and Your Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/injection-safety/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staph infections in the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settings: Basic Expectations for Safe Care" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dental-infection-control/hcp/summary/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Site Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/surgical-site-infections/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/ssi/SPAN_SSI.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Being a Safe Patient" url="https://www.cdc.gov/patient-safety/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ventilator-associated-pneumonia/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you're pregnant and get an infection, it could be dangerous for you and your baby. Learn tips to avoid getting infections and treatment options." title="Infections and Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3154" language="English" date-created="02/13/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;During &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, some common infections like the common cold or a skin infection do not usually cause serious problems. But other infections can be dangerous to you, your baby, or both. Some infections may lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;preterm birth&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight babies&lt;/a&gt;. Others can cause serious illness, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt;, and lifelong disabilities, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;learning problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the infections that can be dangerous during pregnancy include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacterial vaginosis (BV)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;Group B strep&lt;/a&gt; (GBS)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;Hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;Sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;Toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;Yeast infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html"&gt;Zika virus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To try to prevent infections:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't eat raw or undercooked meat.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't share food or drinks with other people.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Wash your hands&lt;/a&gt; frequently.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't empty cat litter. Cats can transmit toxoplasmosis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talk to your health care provider about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccinations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have sex during pregnancy, use a condom every time.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you do get an infection during pregnancy, contact your health care provider about how best to protect you and your baby. Only some medicines are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;safe during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3155" language="Spanish">Infecciones durante el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011251">Pregnancy Complications, Infectious</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectionsandpregnancy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectionsandpregnancy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectionsandpregnancy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectionsandpregnancy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectionsandpregnancy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectionsandpregnancy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/infectionsandpregnancy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470">HIV and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5578">Pregnancy and Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6">Prenatal Care</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pregnancy, Infections in</see-reference>
<site title="5 Things to Know About Zika and Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/5-zika.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/5-zika.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="About STIs and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-el-embarazo.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infections and Pregnancy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=pregnancy+infection+OR+maternal+infection&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CMV in Newborns" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/congenital-infection/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/fact-sheets/parents-pregnant-women-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Zika Syndrome and Other Birth Defects" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/czs/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/citomegalovirus-cmv/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E. Coli and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/e-coli-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/e-coli/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/pregnant.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu Vaccine Safety and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-safety/vaccine-pregnant.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/qa_vacpregnant.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group B Strep Infection" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/group-b-strep-infection" language-mapped-url="http://www.nacersano.org/centro/9254_9656.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group B streptococcal septicemia of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001366.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group B streptococcus - pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="HPV Vaccine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hpv-vaccine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-vacuna-del-vph/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeria Infection (Listeriosis) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/listeriosis-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/listeriosis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, Rubella and the MMR Vaccine during Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Vaccines and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/meningococcal-disease-bacterial-meningitis-vaccine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-enfermedad-megingococica-meningitis-bacteriana/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parvovirus B19 in Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/parvovirus-b19-in-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="People at Increased Risk for Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="People at Risk: Pregnant Women" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/pregnant-women" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mg5v/embarazadas">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and herpes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001368.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007443.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/by-age/pregnancy-sp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/pregnant.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/pregnant-women/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Complications" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-complications" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-complications">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy-Related Deaths Are on the Rise…and Sepsis Is a Big Reason" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnant Women Need a Flu Shot" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu-resources/php/resources/infographic-pregnant-women.html">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Group B Strep Disease in Newborns" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/es/risk-factors/factores-de-riesgo-de-la-enfermedad-por-estreptococos-del-grupo-b.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infections and Pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy+Complications%2C+Infectious%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Viruses and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safer Food Choices for Pregnant People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staphylococcus aureus (Staph infection) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/staphylococcus-aureus-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/estafilococo-aureus/pdf/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep B Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-b-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-del-grupo-b/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis-tdap-vaccine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-tdap-difteria-tetanos-pertussis/pdf/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Pregnant Travelers" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/pregnant-travelers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for TB During Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/pregnancy.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/publications/factsheets/specpop/pregnancy_es.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Recommendations Before, During, and After Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/recommended-vaccines/index.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vibrio" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vibrio-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/informacion-para-mujeres-embarazadas-amamantando-sobre-la-infeccion-del-vibrio/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection during Pregnancy: Over-the-Counter Treatments OK?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/FAQ-20058355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/faq-20058355?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus: Recommendations for Travelers and People Living Abroad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/travel/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/travel/recomendaciones-para-las-personas-que-viajan-y-las-personas-que-viven-en-el-extranjero.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infectious or septic arthritis is a bacterial infection of the joint. Learn why people get infectious arthritis, tests needed and how it is treated." title="Infectious Arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html" id="5668" language="English" date-created="10/20/2010">
<also-called>Septic arthritis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most kinds of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt; cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee.  Infectious arthritis is an infection in the joint. The infection comes from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that spreads from another part of the body.  Symptoms of infectious arthritis include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intense pain in the joint&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint redness and swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills and fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inability to move the area with the infected joint&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One type of infectious arthritis is reactive arthritis. The reaction is to an infection somewhere else in your body. The joint is usually the knee, ankle, or toe.  Sometimes, reactive arthritis is set off by an infection in the bladder, or in the urethra, which carries urine out of the body. In women, an infection in the vagina can cause the reaction. For both men and women, it can start with bacteria passed on during sex. Another form of reactive arthritis starts with eating food or handling something that has bacteria on it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To diagnose infectious arthritis, your health care provider may do tests of your blood, urine, and joint fluid. Treatment includes medicines and sometimes surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html" id="5669" language="Spanish">Artritis infecciosa</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001170">Arthritis, Infectious</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23">Arthritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Reactive Arthritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Reiter's Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Septic Arthritis</see-reference>
<site title="Arthritis Foundation: Local Office Directory" url="https://www.arthritis.org/local-offices/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthrocentesis (Joint Aspiration)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/arthrocentesis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthritis, Infectious" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthritis,+Infectious%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthritis, Reactive" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthritis,+Reactive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complete Blood Count (CBC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000444.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gonococcal arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000453.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HCV and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hcv-and-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-virus-de-la-hepatitis-c-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="HLA-B27 antigen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003551.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Joint fluid culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003742.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint Injections (Joint Aspirations)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Reactive Arthritis" url="https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/overview-of-spondyloarthritis/reactive-arthritis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Spondylitis Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Arthritis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthritis%2C+Infectious%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reactive arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000440.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septic arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000430.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septic Arthritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-and-joint-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20350755?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Fluid Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viral arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000416.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Reactive Arthritis?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/reactive-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-reactiva">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc=" Infectious diseases are caused by four main kinds of germs. Vaccines, proper hand washing and medicines can help prevent infections. Discover more." title="Infectious Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html" id="513" language="English" date-created="12/02/1999">
<also-called>Communicable diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are infectious diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Germs, or microbes, are found everywhere - in the air, soil, and water.  There are also germs on your skin and in your body.  Many of them are harmless, and some can even be helpful. But some of them can make you sick. Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by germs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of germs that cause infectious diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are four main types of germs:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacteria&lt;/a&gt; are one-celled germs that multiply quickly. They may give off toxins, which are harmful chemicals that can make you sick. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;Strep throat&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt; are common bacterial infections.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;Viruses&lt;/a&gt; are tiny capsules that contain genetic material. They invade your cells so that they can multiply. This can kill, damage, or change the cells and make you sick. Viral infections include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;common cold&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;Fungi&lt;/a&gt; are primitive plant-like organisms such as mushrooms, mold, mildew, and yeasts. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html"&gt;Athlete's foot&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;yeast infections&lt;/a&gt; are common fungal infections.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;Parasites&lt;/a&gt; are animals or plants that survive by living on or in other living things. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html"&gt;Malaria&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html"&gt;head lice&lt;/a&gt; are infections that are caused by parasites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can you get infectious diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different ways that you can get an infectious disease, depending on the type of germ. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through direct contact with a person who is sick. This includes kissing, touching, sneezing, coughing, and sexual contact. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Pregnant people&lt;/a&gt; can also pass some germs along to their babies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through indirect contact, when you touch something that has germs on it. For example, you could get germs if someone who is sick touched a door handle, and then you touch it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insect&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html"&gt;animal&lt;/a&gt; bites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;contaminated food&lt;/a&gt;, water, soil, or plants.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of infectious diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Infectious diseases can cause many different symptoms. Some are so mild that you may not even notice any symptoms, while others can be life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for infectious diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are treatments for some infectious diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotic&lt;/a&gt;, antiviral, antifungal and anti-parasitic medicines. But for other infections, such as some caused by viruses, you can only treat your symptoms while you wait for your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; to fight off the germ. &lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;Can infectious diseases be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can take steps to help prevent many infectious diseases:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccinated&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Wash your hands often&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pay attention to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;food safety&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid contact with wild animals.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a latex condom every time you have sex. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't share items such as toothbrushes, combs, and straws.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html" id="1977" language="Spanish">Enfermedades infecciosas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003141">Communicable Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" id="6252">Antibiotic Resistance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222">Antibiotics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158">Bacterial Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040">Infection Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Communicable Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="About Port Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/port-health/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic Resistance: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial vs. Viral Infections: How Do They Differ?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/FAQ-20058098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Contagious Diseases" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/childhood-contagious-diseases?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Communicable Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Communicable+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Stress during Infectious Disease Outbreaks" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4885.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4885spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CSF cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Infectious Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/infectious-disease.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Germs and Hygiene: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Germs: Understand and Protect against Bacteria, Viruses, and Infections" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latex agglutination test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003334.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Overview-of-Infectious-Diseases.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/overview-of-infectious-diseases.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="PCR Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Communicable+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rapid Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recurrent Infections May Signal Immunodeficiencies" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/immuno-deficiency/recurrent-infections-immunodeficiencies" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-inmunodeficiencias/la-recurrencia-de-infecciones-puede-indicar-inmuno">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Repeated Infections in Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Behavioral Health: Tips for Social Distancing, Quarantine, and Isolation during an Infectious Disease Outbreak" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/PEP20-01-01-007_2.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4894spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Neglected Tropical Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/neglected-tropical-diseases-types">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's the Difference Between Infectious and Contagious?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/contagious.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/contagious.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infectious mononucleosis (mono), or &quot;the kissing disease,&quot; is a viral infection. It is often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which can spread in saliva." title="Infectious Mononucleosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html" id="298" language="English" date-created="08/20/1999">
<also-called>Glandular fever</also-called>
<also-called>Kissing disease</also-called>
<also-called>Mono</also-called>
<also-called>Mononucleosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is infectious mononucleosis (mono)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Infectious mononucleosis (mono) is a disease caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;.The most common cause is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Mono is contagious, which means it can spread from person to person. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes infectious mononucleosis (mono)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mono can be caused by many different viruses. But it is most often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is found all over the world. Most people get an EBV infection at some point in their lives, but only some of them will get the symptoms of mono. EBV infections often happen during childhood or when someone is a young adult. EBV infections in children usually do not cause symptoms. And when they do, it's hard to tell the difference between the symptoms of mono and the symptoms of other common childhood illnesses such as the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;. Teens and young adults who get EBV are more likely to have symptoms that are typical of mono.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;EBV and the other viruses that cause mono are usually spread through body fluids, especially saliva (spit). This means that you can get it through kissing. That's why mono is sometimes called "the kissing disease." But you can also get these viruses if you share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with someone who has mono. Other less common ways of getting an infection are through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood transfusions&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplants&lt;/a&gt;, and blood and semen during sexual contact.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis (mono)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of mono usually start four to six weeks after you get the infection. But they may start sooner in young children. The symptoms often develop slowly, and they may not all happen at the same time. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extreme &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sore throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Head and body aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph glands in your neck and armpits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;Rash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen liver, spleen, or both (these are less common symptoms)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people get better in two to four weeks. However, some people may feel fatigued for several more weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms can last for six months or longer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is infectious mononucleosis (mono) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your healthcare provider may diagnose mono based on your symptoms and a physical exam. The exam will include checking to see if your lymph nodes, tonsils, liver, or spleen are swollen. In some cases, your provider might also order a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mononucleosis-mono-tests/"&gt;mono test&lt;/a&gt;  to confirm the diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for infectious mononucleosis (mono)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking plenty of fluids to avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting lots of rest.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking over-the-counter medications for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; and fever. But don't give aspirin to children or teens because it may cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;Reye syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. This syndrome is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have severe symptoms, your provider may suggest additional treatment based on which organs in your body are affected by the mono.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; don't treat viral infections, so they do not help with mono. Some people do get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterial infections&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;strep throat&lt;/a&gt; along with mono. In that case, you probably need antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection. But you should not take penicillin antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin. Those antibiotics can cause a rash in people who have mono.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mono can cause an enlarged spleen, which could rupture and cause a medical emergency. To try to protect the spleen, providers recommend avoiding intense exercise and contact sports until you fully recover (about a month).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can infectious mononucleosis (mono) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no vaccine to protect against mono. To lower your chance of getting or spreading mono:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with anyone, especially if you or the other person has mono.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't kiss someone if you or the other person has mono.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Wash your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html" id="1978" language="Spanish">Mononucleosis infecciosa</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007244">Infectious Mononucleosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
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<see-reference>EBV Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Epstein-Barr Virus Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glandular Fever</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mono</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mononucleosis</see-reference>
<site title="About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv-sp.html">
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<site title="About Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about/mononucleosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-mono-sp.html">
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<site title="Anti-smooth muscle antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003531.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Antibody Serology Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/">
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<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Epstein-Barr Virus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Epstein-Barr+Virus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infectious Mononucleosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infectious+Mononucleosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cryoglobulins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm">
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<site title="Epstein-Barr virus antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003513.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="How Is Mono Spread?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/expert-mono.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/expert-mono.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Long Is Mono Contagious?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mono-long.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mono-long.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lactate dehydrogenase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="LDH isoenzyme blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mononucleosis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mononucleosis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000591.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis (Mono)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/mono.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/mono.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis (Mono)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mononucleosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mononucleosis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis (Mono) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mono.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mono.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis (Mono) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mononucleosis-mono-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-mononucleosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis spot test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003454.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis: Can It Recur?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mononucleosis/expert-answers/mononucleosis/FAQ-20058564?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mononucleosis/expert-answers/mononucleosis/faq-20058564?p=1">
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</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infectious+Mononucleosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Quantitative nephelometry test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="T-cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease (XLP)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/x-linked-lymphoproliferative">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen exámenes para determinar problemas de infertilidad. Tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía o tecnologías de reproducción asistida." title="Infertilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Esterilidad</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas para concebir</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La infertilidad significa no poder quedar embarazada después de intentarlo por un año. Si una mujer puede quedar embarazada pero sigue teniendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;pérdida del embarazo&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html"&gt;mortinatos&lt;/a&gt; (parto de feto muerto), también se considera como infertilidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La infertilidad es muy común. Después de un año de tener relaciones sexuales sin protección, alrededor del 15 % de las parejas no pueden quedar embarazadas. Cerca de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad se debe a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;mujer&lt;/a&gt;. En otro tercio de los casos, es por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html"&gt;hombre&lt;/a&gt;. El resto del tiempo ocurre por ambas personas o no se encuentra ninguna causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tratamientos que son específicos para hombres o mujeres. Algunos involucran a la pareja. Los medicamentos, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;tecnología de reproducción asistida&lt;/a&gt; y la cirugía son tratamientos comunes. Afortunadamente, muchas parejas tratadas por infertilidad terminan teniendo bebés.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html" id="250" language="English">Infertility</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html" id="5657">Infertilidad en el hombre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html" id="5655">Infertilidad en la mujer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html" id="2105">Pérdida del embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html" id="2124">Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Esterilidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fertilidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fertilización in vitro</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infecundidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inseminación artificial</see-reference>
<site title="Esterilidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354317?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354317?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecundación in vitro (FIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001191.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001191.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertilidad" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertilidad en el hombre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infertilidad en la mujer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inseminación intrauterina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección intracitoplásmica de espermatozoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000094.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000094.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Si está pensando en tratamientos para la fertilidad" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/si-esta-pensando-en-tratamientos-para-la-fertilidad.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/thinking-about-fertility-treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome antifosfolípido (SAFL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000547.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de insensibilidad a los andrógenos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001180.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tecnología de reproducción asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tener hijos más tarde en la vida: Embarazos saludables a medida que envejece" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tener-hijos-mas-tarde-en-la-vida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/having-kids-later-life">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trayectoria de emisión de esperma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos disponibles para la infertilidad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostica la infertilidad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Problemas con el embarazo? Aumentar las probabilidades de tener un bebé" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-con-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la conservación de la fertilidad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/conservacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/fertilitypreservation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La infertilidad en el hombre puede ser causada por problemas físicos, hormonales o factores ambientales. Más sobre la infertilidad masculina aquí." title="Infertilidad en el hombre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html" id="5657" language="Spanish" date-created="10/07/2010">
<also-called>Infertilidad masculina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Infertilidad es un término que los profesionales de la salud usan cuando un hombre tiene dificultades en embarazar a una mujer después de haberlo intentado por lo menos por un año. Las causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas físicos de los testículos &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bloqueos de los tubos que transportan el semen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas hormonales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Historial de fiebre alta o paperas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades genéticas &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Factores ambientales o del estilo de vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Cerca de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad es por un problema con el hombre. Otro tercio es un problema de la mujer. A veces, no se puede encontrar una causa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si piensa que es infértil, consulte con su profesional de la salud. Existen exámenes que pueden determinar si usted tiene un problema de infertilidad. Cuando es posible encontrar la causa, los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;tecnologías de reproducción asistida&lt;/a&gt;. Afortunadamente, muchas de las parejas tratadas por infertilidad pueden tener bebés. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html" id="5656" language="English">Male Infertility</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979">Infertilidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html" id="5655">Infertilidad en la mujer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hombre, Infertilidad</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-semen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/semen-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003627.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003908.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003908.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo bajo de espermatozoides" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestiones de fecundidad en los hombres con cáncer: Niños y adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-men">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo el cáncer y el tratamiento del cáncer pueden afectar la fertilidad en los hombres" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/la-fertilidad-en-los-hombres-con-cancer/como-el-tratamiento-contra-el-cancer-puede-afectar-la-fertilidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/sexualsideeffectsinmen/fertilityandmenwithcancer/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esperma saludable: Mejora tu fertilidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esterilidad masculina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyaculación retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001282.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecundación in vitro (FIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finasteride (Propecia/Proscar) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/finasteride/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/finasteride/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inseminación intrauterina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección intracitoplásmica de espermatozoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orgasmo seco" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/dry-orgasm/basics/definition/sym-20050906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/dry-orgasm/basics/definition/SYM-20050906?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de insensibilidad androgénica parcial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001169.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tecnología de reproducción asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos de fertilidad para hombres" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos-hombres">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trayectoria de emisión de esperma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunas de las posibles causas de infertilidad masculina?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/causas-masculina">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos disponibles para la infertilidad masculina?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/tratar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué factores relacionados con la edad pueden estar involucrados en la infertilidad de hombres y mujeres?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/causes/age">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tan común es la infertilidad masculina y cuáles son sus causas?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/causa" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/infertility">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La infertilidad ocurre cuando una mujer no puede quedar embarazada después de tratar por un año o sigue teniendo abortos espontáneos. Las causas aquí." title="Infertilidad en la mujer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html" id="5655" language="Spanish" date-created="10/07/2010">
<also-called>Infertilidad femenina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Infertilidad es un término que los profesionales de la salud usan cuando una mujer no ha podido quedar embarazada después de haberlo intentado por lo menos por un año (o seis meses si la mujer es mayor de 35 años). Si una mujer sigue teniendo abortos pérdidas del embarazo, también se conoce como infertilidad. Si una mujer  tiene varios &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;abortos espontáneos&lt;/a&gt;, eso también es infertilidad.  La infertilidad femenina puede ser causada por la edad, problemas físicos, hormonales, por el estilo de vida o factores ambientales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los casos de infertilidad femenina son a causa de problemas de ovulación. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html"&gt;insuficiencia ovárica primaria&lt;/a&gt;, los ovarios dejan de funcionar antes de la menopausia natural. En el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;, los ovarios no liberan un óvulo con regularidad o no pueden liberar un óvulo sano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Alrededor de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad ocurre por un problema con la mujer. Otro tercio de los casos, es por un problema con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html"&gt;hombre&lt;/a&gt;. A veces, no se puede encontrar una causa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si piensa que es infértil, consulte  con su profesional de la salud. Existen exámenes que pueden determinar si usted tiene un problema de infertilidad.  Cuando es posible encontrar la causa, los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía o tecnologías de reproducción asistida. Afortunadamente, muchas de las parejas tratadas por infertilidad pueden tener bebés. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html" id="5654" language="English">Female Infertility</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979">Infertilidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html" id="5657">Infertilidad en el hombre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6243">Tecnología de reproducción asistida</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mujer, Infertilidad</see-reference>
<site title="Cuestiones de fecundidad en las mujeres con cáncer: Niñas y adultas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades y trastornos que influyen en la fertilidad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/trastornos">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esterilidad femenina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354308?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de estradiol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003711.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona luteinizante (HL) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fecundación in vitro (FIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosalpingografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosalpingografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003404.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosonografía (ultrasonido del útero)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosono" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosono">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertilidad" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
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<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
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<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona luteinizante (HL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<site title="Prueba de progesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/">
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<site title="Serie del procedimiento de dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
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<site title="Tecnología de reproducción asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<site title="Test casero de ovulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007062.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Tratamientos de fertilidad para mujeres" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos-mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments/treatments-women">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<site title="Tratamientos para enfermedades que causan infertilidad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos-enfermedades" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments/diseases">
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<site title="Tratamientos para la infertilidad que resulta del síndrome del ovario poliquístico" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/infertilidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/treatments/infertility">
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<site title="Trompas de Falopio: ¿Es posible el embarazo con solo una trompa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/faq-20058418?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/FAQ-20058418?p=1">
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<site title="¿Cuáles son las causas de la infertilidad femenina?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/causes">
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<site title="¿Qué factores relacionados con la edad pueden estar involucrados en la infertilidad de hombres y mujeres?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/causes/age">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Infertility is when a woman can't get pregnant after a year or keeps having miscarriages. Read about infertility, its causes, and treatments." title="Infertility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html" id="250" language="English" date-created="06/10/1999">
<also-called>Sterility</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Infertility means not being able to become pregnant after a year of trying. If a woman can get pregnant but keeps having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriages&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html"&gt;stillbirths&lt;/a&gt;, that's also called infertility.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Infertility is fairly common. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15% of couples are unable to get pregnant. About a third of the time, infertility can be traced to the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;woman&lt;/a&gt;. In another third of cases, it is because of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html"&gt;man&lt;/a&gt;. The rest of the time, it is because of both partners or no cause can be found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are treatments that are specifically for men or for women. Some involve both partners. Drugs, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;assisted reproductive technology&lt;/a&gt;, and surgery are common treatments. Happily, many couples treated for infertility go on to have babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979" language="Spanish">Infertilidad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007246">Infertility</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6242">Assisted Reproductive Technology</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html" id="5654">Female Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html" id="5656">Male Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html" id="515">Miscarriage</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html" id="39">Reproductive Hazards</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artificial Insemination</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fertility</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sterility</see-reference>
<site title="Androgen insensitivity syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001180.htm">
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<site title="Antiphospholipid syndrome - APS" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000547.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Assisted Reproductive Technology: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Artificial Insemination" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Insemination,+Artificial%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fertility" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fertility%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fertilization in Vitro" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fertilization+in+Vitro%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infertility" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infertility%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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<site title="Defining Infertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/defining-infertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/de_que_debo_preocuparme_en_un_embarazo_multiple-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluating Infertility" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/evaluating-infertility">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Infertility: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Drugs and the Risk of Multiple Births" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/fertility-drugs-and-the-risk-of-multiple-births/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/los_farmacos_para_la_fertilidad_y_el_riesgo_de_partos_multiples-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foods that Can Affect Fertility" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/pregnancy/fertility-and-reproduction/fertility-foods">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Having Kids Later in Life: Healthy Pregnancies as You Age" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/having-kids-later-life" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tener-hijos-mas-tarde-en-la-vida">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Plasticizer Levels In Males Linked to Delayed Pregnancy for Female Partners" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-plasticizer-levels-males-linked-delayed-pregnancy-female-partners">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Infertility Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertility" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/infertility/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001191.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001191.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertility" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354317?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354317?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertility and Fertility" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infertility Counseling and Support: When and Where to Find It" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/infertility-counseling-and-support-when-and-where-to-find-it/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infertility: Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/infertility-faq/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intracytoplasmic sperm injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Infertility: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Optimizing Natural Fertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/optimizing-natural-fertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/optimizacion_de_la_fertilidad_natural-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prerequisite Testing for Infertility Treatment" url="https://www.sart.org/patients/a-patients-guide-to-assisted-reproductive-technology/general-information/prerequisite-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychological Component of Infertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/faqs/faqs-about-the-psychological-component-of-infertility/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infertility" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infertility%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reproductive Aging in Women" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/reproductive-aging-in-women/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/edad_y_fertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Dysfunction and Infertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/sexual-dysfunction-and-infertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/disfuncion_sexual_e_infertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and Infertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/stress-and-infertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sart.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/estres-e_infertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Infertility" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/treating-infertility" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-tratamiento-de-la-infertilidad">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Infertility -- The Basics" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/resources/educational-videos/videos/understanding-infertility---the-basics/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight and Fertility" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/weight-and-fertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-pdf/peso_y_fertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Infertility Treatments Are Available?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Fertility Preservation?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/fertilitypreservation" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/conservacion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Conducir cuando no está en condiciones de hacerlo es peligroso. Lea sobre las situaciones que podrían afectar su habilidad de conducir en forma segura." title="Inhabilidad para conducir" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html" id="4912" language="Spanish" date-created="08/05/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Conducir cuando no se está en condiciones de hacerlo es peligroso. Es la causa de más de la mitad de todos los choques de autos. Significa operar un vehículo motorizado bajo los efectos de:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drogas ilegales o legales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sueño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distracciones, como usar un teléfono celular o enviar mensajes de texto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una condición médica que afecta su manera de conducir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por su seguridad y la seguridad de otros, no conduzca cuando no esté en condiciones de hacerlo. Pídale a otra persona que lo lleve o use transporte público cuando no pueda conducir. Si necesita hablar por teléfono o enviar un mensaje de texto, deténgase al costado del camino.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración Nacional de Seguridad del Tráfico en las Carreteras&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/impaireddriving.html" id="4911" language="English">Impaired Driving</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="2038">Seguridad al conducir</related-topic>
<see-reference>Conducir embriagado</see-reference>
<see-reference>Conducir hablando por teléfono</see-reference>
<see-reference>Distracción al manejar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ineptitud para conducir</see-reference>
<see-reference>Manejar alcoholizado</see-reference>
<site title="Algunas medicinas y el volante no se mezclan" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/algunas-medicinas-y-el-volante-no-se-mezclan" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/some-medicines-and-driving-dont-mix">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Algunos medicamentos para dormir pueden afectar su capacidad para conducir" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/algunos-medicamentos-para-dormir-pueden-afectar-su-capacidad-para-conducir" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/some-sleep-drugs-can-impair-driving">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco maneras de evitar que alguien conduzca y escriba mensajes de texto a la vez" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/no-texting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/no-texting.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conducir bajo el efecto de las drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/conducir-bajo-el-efecto-de-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conducir distraído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000818.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conducir distraído aumenta el riesgo de accidente" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/conducir-distraido-aumenta-el-riesgo-de-accidente">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conducir drogado" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/las-tendencias-y-estad%C3%ADsticas/conducir-drogado" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/nida-druggeddriving-infographic.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conductores de la tercera edad" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/conduccion-automoviles/conductores-tercera-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/safe-driving-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Demencia y la conducción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000028.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distracciones al conducir son peligrosas" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/las-distracciones-al-conducir-son-peligrosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/dangers-texting-while-driving">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distracción al conducir: Administración Nacional de Seguridad en el Tráfico en las Carreteras" url="https://www.nhtsa.gov/es/conducir-de-forma-riesgosa/distraccion-al-conducir" language-mapped-url="http://www.distraction.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración Nacional de Seguridad del Tráfico en las Carreteras</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alcohol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alcohol-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-alcohol-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alcoholemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003632.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Conozca los efectos en la salud de la inhalación pasiva de humo, también conocido como humo de segunda mano. Más aquí." title="Inhalación pasiva de humo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html" id="2140" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Fumar involuntariamente</also-called>
<also-called>Humo ambiental</also-called>
<also-called>Humo de segunda mano</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El humo de segunda mano es una mezcla del humo que proviene de donde se quema un cigarrillo, puro o pipa, y el humo exhalado por el fumador. Contiene más de siete mil sustancias químicas. Cientos de esos productos químicos son tóxicos y unos 70 pueden causar cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Efectos de la inhalación pasiva de humo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones de oído en los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ataques de asma más frecuentes y graves en los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del corazón y cáncer de pulmón en los adultos que nunca han fumado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay una cantidad segura de humo de segunda mano. Incluso bajos niveles de inhalación pasiva de humo pueden ser perjudiciales. La única manera de proteger a los no fumadores de la inhalación pasiva de humo es no permitir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt; en lugares cerrados.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html" id="1473" language="English">Secondhand Smoke</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html" id="2156">Fumar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html" id="2155">Tabaco que no se fuma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Humo de segunda mano</see-reference>
<see-reference>Humo de tabaco en el ambiente</see-reference>
<site title="Humo de segunda mano (y el humo que se impregna en los objetos) puede enfermar a su mascota" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-humo-de-segunda-mano-y-el-humo-que-se-impregna-en-los-objetos-puede-enfermar-su-mascota">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humo de segunda mano y el asma" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/enfermedades/tabaquismo-humo-segunda-mano-asma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humo de tabaco en el ambiente y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-humo-tabaco-ambiente" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/second-hand-smoke-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos para la salud debido al humo de segunda mano" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco/riesgos-para-la-salud-debido-al-tabaquismo/humo-de-segunda-mano.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/health-risks-of-tobacco/secondhand-smoke.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo pasivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/secondhand-smoke.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/secondhand-smoke.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y el asma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el humo de tercera mano y por qué debería preocuparme?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/expert-answers/third-hand-smoke/faq-20057791?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/expert-answers/third-hand-smoke/faq-20057791?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los inhalantes son sustancias que las personas, generalmente adolescentes, inhalan (respiran) para drogarse. Los inhalantes que se utilizan indebidamente incluyen limpiadores, gases y aerosoles." title="Inhalantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html" id="4158" language="Spanish" date-created="06/23/2005">
<also-called>Esnifar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los inhalantes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los inhalantes son sustancias que las personas inhalan para drogarse. Existen otras sustancias que las personas pueden inhalar, como el alcohol, pero no se llaman inhalantes porque también se pueden usar de otra manera. Los inhalantes son sustancias que &lt;strong&gt;solo&lt;/strong&gt; puede usar indebidamente al inhalarlas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usar inhalantes para tratar de drogarse, incluso una vez, puede ser muy dañino para su cerebro y cuerpo, e incluso puede causar la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de inhalantes existen?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los inhalantes son productos que se compran fácilmente y que se pueden encontrar en el hogar o el lugar de trabajo. Contienen sustancias peligrosas que tienen propiedades psicoactivas (que alteran la mente) cuando se inhalan. Hay cuatro tipos principales de inhalantes:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solventes&lt;/strong&gt;: Líquidos que se convierten en gas a temperatura ambiente. Incluyen diluyente de pintura, quitaesmalte, gasolina y pegamento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aerosoles&lt;/strong&gt;: Como pintura en aerosol, desodorante en aerosol y aceite vegetal en aerosol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gases&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyendo el gas de encendedores, dispensadores de crema batida y gas hilarante&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nitritos&lt;/strong&gt;: Similares a los medicamentos recetados para el dolor de pecho. A veces se les llama "poppers". Se venden en botellas pequeñas y pueden etiquetarse como "aromatizador de ambientes", "limpiador de cuero" o "aroma líquido". Por lo general, no se utilizan para alterar el estado de ánimo de una persona, sino para mejorar la función sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los términos comunes para varios inhalantes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Activo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mona&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dragón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cemento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Poppers&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Gomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gas de la luna&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Perlas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo usan las personas los inhalantes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que usan inhalantes inhalan los humos a través de la nariz o la boca, generalmente "esnifando" o inspirando el producto. Se utilizan diferentes nombres para el consumo según la sustancia y el equipo utilizado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, el efecto que producen los inhalantes dura unos pocos minutos, por lo que a menudo las personas intentan que dure el efecto inhalando una y otra vez durante varias horas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién usa inhalantes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los inhalantes son utilizados principalmente por niños y adolescentes. A menudo prueban inhalantes antes de probar otras sustancias porque los inhalantes son más fáciles de obtener.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las señales de que alguien está usando inhalantes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las señales de que alguien está usando inhalantes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Olores químicos en el aliento o la ropa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pintura u otras manchas en la cara, manos o ropa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Envase de pintura en aerosol o contenedores de solventes vacíos ocultos y trapos o ropa empapados de químicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ojos o nariz rojos o con mocos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Apariencia borracha o desorientada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar arrastrando las palabras&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Náuseas o pérdida de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de atención, falta de coordinación, irritabilidad y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos en la salud del uso de inhalantes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los inhalantes afectan el sistema nervioso central y hacen más lenta la actividad cerebral. Los inhalantes pueden causar efectos a la salud a corto y largo plazo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;efectos a corto plazo&lt;/strong&gt; en la salud incluyen:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Distorsión del habla o habla arrastrada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Euforia (sentirse "drogado")&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alucinaciones&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;efectos a largo plazo&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hepático&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Espasmos de las extremidades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desarrollo conductual retrasado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usar inhalantes, incluso una vez, podría provocar una sobredosis. Esto puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;convulsiones&lt;/a&gt; o que su corazón se detenga. También puede ser mortal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Son los inhalantes adictivos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La adicción a los inhalantes es rara, pero puede suceder si los usa repetidamente. Detener su uso puede causar síntomas de abstinencia como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html"&gt;sudoración&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt; y cambios de humor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La terapia conductual puede ayudar a las personas adictas a los inhalantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el uso indebido de inhalantes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los niños y adolescentes que usan inhalantes para drogarse tienen más probabilidades de probar otras drogas y de sufrir un trastorno por consumo de sustancias más adelante en la vida. Por ello, es importante tratar de prevenir el abuso de inhalantes. Una cosa que los padres pueden hacer es hablar con sus hijos sobre los inhalantes. Pueden explicar sus peligros y brindar consejos sobre cómo lidiar con la presión de sus amigos si se les pide que los prueben.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html" id="4157" language="English">Inhalants</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Aerosoles, Abuso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cemento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gomas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pegamentos, Abuso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Spray, Abuso</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de inhalantes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/abuso-de-inhalantes-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/inhalant-abuse/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Explorando la mente: La respuesta del cuerpo a los inhalantes" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/inhalantes" language-mapped-url="https://teens.drugabuse.gov/educators/mind-over-matter/inhalants">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ingestión o inhalación de &quot;poppers&quot; de nitrito puede causar daños graves o la muerte" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-ingestion-o-inhalacion-de-poppers-de-nitrito-puede-causar-danos-graves-o-la-muerte" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ingesting-or-inhaling-nitrite-poppers-can-cause-severe-injury-or-death">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalantes" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/inhalantes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del uso de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de sustancias: Inhalantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000794.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Inhalants are substances that people, usually teens, inhale (breathe in) to get high. Inhalants that are misused include cleaners, gases, and aerosols." title="Inhalants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html" id="4157" language="English" date-created="04/11/2005">
<also-called>Huffing</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are inhalants?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Inhalants are substances that people inhale (breathe in) to get high. There are other substances that people might inhale, such as alcohol. But those are not called inhalants, because they can also be used another way. Inhalants are the substances that you can misuse &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; by inhaling them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Using inhalants to try to get high, even once, can be very harmful to your brain and body. It can even lead to death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of inhalants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Inhalants are often products that are easily bought and can be found in the home or workplace. They contain dangerous substances that have psychoactive (mind-altering) properties when they are inhaled. There are four main types of inhalants are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solvents&lt;/strong&gt;, which are liquids that become gas at room temperature. They include paint thinner, nail polish remover, gasoline, and glue.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aerosol sprays&lt;/strong&gt;, such as spray paint, deodorant spray, and vegetable oil sprays.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gases&lt;/strong&gt;, including gas from lighters, whipped cream dispensers, and laughing gas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nitrites,&lt;/strong&gt; which  are similar to a prescription medicine for chest pain. They are sometimes called "poppers." They are sold in small bottles and may be labeled as "air freshener," "leather cleaner," or "liquid aroma." They are usually not used to alter someone's mood, but to improve their sexual function.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the common slang terms for various inhalants include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gluey&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Huff&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Laughing gas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rush&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Snappers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whippets/Whippits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do people use inhalants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People who use inhalants breathe in the fumes through their nose or mouth, usually by "sniffing," "snorting," "bagging," or "huffing." It's called different names depending on the substance and equipment used.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The high that inhalants produce usually lasts just a few minutes, so people often try to make it last by inhaling them again and again over several hours.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who uses inhalants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Inhalants are mostly used by young kids and teens. They often try inhalants before they try other substances because inhalants are easier to get.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs that someone is using inhalants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Signs that someone is using inhalants include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemical odors on breath or clothing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paint or other stains on face, hands, or clothes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hidden empty spray paint or solvent containers and chemical-soaked rags or clothing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red or runny eyes or nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drunk or disoriented appearance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slurred speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea or loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inattentiveness, lack of coordination, irritability, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health effects of using inhalants?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most inhalants affect your central nervous system and slow down brain activity. Inhalants can cause both short-term and long-term health effects:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short-term health effects&lt;/strong&gt; include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Slurred or distorted speech&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lack of body control&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Euphoria (feeling "high")&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't real)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long-term health effects&lt;/strong&gt; may include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Liver&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; damage&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Loss of coordination&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Spasms in your arms and legs&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Delayed behavioral development&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Brain damage&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Using inhalants, even once, could lead to an overdose. This can cause you to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;seizures&lt;/a&gt; or your heart to stop. It can also be deadly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Are inhalants addictive?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Addiction to inhalants is rare, but it can happen if you use them repeatedly. Stopping them can cause withdrawal symptoms, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html"&gt;sweating&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;trouble sleeping&lt;/a&gt;, and mood changes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Behavioral therapy may help people who are addicted to inhalants.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can inhalant misuse be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kids and teens who use inhalants to get high are more likely to try other drugs and to have a substance use disorder (SUD) later in life. So it's important to try to prevent inhalant abuse. One thing that parents can do is talk to their children about inhalants. They can explain the dangers and give their children tips on how to deal with peer pressure if someone asks them to try inhalants.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html" id="4158" language="Spanish">Inhalantes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058545">Inhalant Abuse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Huffing</see-reference>
<site title="Drug Use Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ingesting or Inhaling Nitrite &quot;Poppers&quot; Can Cause Severe Injury or Death" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ingesting-or-inhaling-nitrite-poppers-can-cause-severe-injury-or-death" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-ingestion-o-inhalacion-de-poppers-de-nitrito-puede-causar-danos-graves-o-la-muerte">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalant Abuse" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/inhalant-abuse/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/abuso-de-inhalantes-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalants" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Pages/Inhalants.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalants" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inhalant+Abuse%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- inhalants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000794.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are a variety of substances you can inhale that can cause internal injuries, such as smoke and toxic fumes. Discover the symptoms and treatment." title="Inhalation Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html" id="6081" language="English" date-created="01/07/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Inhalation injuries are acute injuries to your respiratory system and lungs. They can happen if you breathe in toxic substances, such as smoke (from fires), chemicals, particle pollution, and gases. Inhalation injuries can also be caused by extreme heat; these are a type of thermal injuries. Over half of deaths from fires are due to inhalation injuries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of inhalation injuries can depend on what you breathed in. But they often include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing and phlegm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A scratchy throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritated sinuses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest pain or tightness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stinging eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A runny nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a chronic heart or lung problem, an inhalation injury can make it worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider may use a scope to look at your airways and check for damage. Other possible tests include imaging tests of the lungs, blood tests, and lung function tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have an inhalation injury, your health care provider will make sure that your airway is not blocked. Treatment is with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;, and in some cases, medicines. Some patients need to use a ventilator to breathe. Most people get better, but some people have permanent lung or breathing problems. Smokers and people who had a severe injury are at a greater risk of having permanent problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can take steps to try to prevent inhalation injuries:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At home, practice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firesafety.html"&gt;fire safety&lt;/a&gt;, which includes preventing fires and having a plan in case there is a fire&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If there is smoke from a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html"&gt;wildfire&lt;/a&gt; nearby or lots of particulate pollution in the air, try to limit your time outdoors. Keep your indoor air as clean as possible, by keeping windows closed and using an air filter. If you have asthma, another lung disease, or heart disease, follow your health care provider's advice about your medicines and respiratory management plan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you are working with chemicals or gases, handle them safely and use protective equipment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html" id="6082" language="Spanish">Lesiones por inhalación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002059">Burns, Inhalation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Smoke Inhalation</see-reference>
<site title="Air Pollutants" url="https://www.cdc.gov/air-quality/pollutants/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Properly Put On and Take Off a Disposable Respirator" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-133_sp/pdfs/2010-133_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Wildfire Smoke Affects Your Body" url="https://www.cdc.gov/wildfires/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/incendiosforestales/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalation Injuries" url="https://burninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/InhalationInjuries-factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Burn Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung problems and volcanic smog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007468.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalation Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Burns%2C+Inhalation%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Wildfires: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Wildfires-Information-for-Parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/wildfires-information-for-parents.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los injertos óseos (de hueso) son un trasplante de tejidos para reparar huesos enfermos y la pérdida ósea. Entérese sobre el procedimiento aquí." title="Injerto óseo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonegrafts.html" id="4275" language="Spanish" date-created="07/28/2014">
<also-called>Injerto de hueso</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un injerto óseo trasplanta tejidos de los huesos. Los cirujanos utilizan injertos óseos para reparar y regenerar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html"&gt;huesos enfermos&lt;/a&gt; en las caderas, las rodillas, la columna y, a veces, otros huesos y articulaciones. Los injertos también pueden reparar una pérdida ósea causada por algunos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos) o cáncer. Una vez que el cuerpo acepta el injerto óseo, ofrece un marco para el crecimiento del hueso vivo nuevo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el hueso trasplantado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html"&gt;proviene de otra persona&lt;/a&gt; se llama aloinjerto. La mayoría de los huesos para aloinjertos proviene de donantes que han fallecido. Los bancos de tejidos examinan a los donantes, desinfectan el hueso donado y lo someten a pruebas para asegurarse de que su uso sea seguro. Si el hueso trasplantado proviene de otra parte de su propio cuerpo, se denomina autoinjerto. El hueso para autoinjerto suele provenir de las costillas, las caderas o una pierna. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonegrafts.html" id="4274" language="English">Bone Grafts</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hueso, Injerto</see-reference>
<see-reference>Óseo, Injerto</see-reference>
<site title="Artrodesis vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injerto de hueso de la columna vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100136_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100136_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injerto óseo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002963.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La inmunoterapia es un tratamiento contra el cáncer que ayuda a su sistema inmunitario a combatir la enfermedad. Entérese cómo funciona." title="Inmunoterapia para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html" id="6430" language="Spanish" date-created="12/27/2016">
<also-called>Terapia biológica</also-called>
<also-called>Terapia dirigida</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La inmunoterapia es un tratamiento contra el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; que ayuda a su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; a combatir la enfermedad. Es un tipo de terapia biológica. La terapia biológica utiliza sustancias hechas a partir de organismos vivos, o versiones de estas sustancias que son producidas en un laboratorio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos aun no utilizan la inmunoterapia tan a menudo como otros tratamientos contra el cáncer, como la cirugía, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;. Pero sí usan la inmunoterapia para algunos tipos de cáncer, y los investigadores están realizando ensayos clínicos para averiguar si funciona también para otros tipos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted tiene cáncer, algunas de sus células comienzan a multiplicarse sin detenerse. Estas se diseminan a los tejidos cercanos. Una de las razones por las que las células cancerosas pueden seguir creciendo y propagándose es que son capaces de esconderse de su sistema inmunitario. Algunas inmunoterapias pueden "marcar" sus células cancerosas. Esto hace que sea más fácil para su sistema inmunitario encontrar y destruir estas células. Es un tipo de terapia dirigida, un tratamiento que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. Otros tipos de inmunoterapias trabajan potenciando su sistema inmunitario para trabajar mejor contra el cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede ser tratado con inmunoterapia por vía intravenosa, píldoras o cápsulas, o con una crema para su piel. Para el cáncer de vejiga, pueden aplicarla directamente en la vejiga. Puede recibir tratamiento todos los días, semanas o meses. Algunas inmunoterapias se administran en ciclos. Depende de su tipo de cáncer, de lo avanzado que esté, del tipo de inmunoterapia y de su funcionamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tener efectos secundarios. Los más comunes son reacciones en la piel donde se aplique la aguja, si es por vía intravenosa. Otros efectos secundarios pueden incluir síntomas similares a los de la gripe, o reacciones severas en raras ocasiones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html" id="6429" language="English">Cancer Immunotherapy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Cáncer, Inmunoterapia</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos monoclonales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/inmunoterapia/anticuerpos-monoclonales" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/monoclonal-antibodies">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/inmunoterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/immunotherapy.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia contra el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000903.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/inmunoterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000828.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos de anticuerpo monoclonal para el cáncer: Cómo funcionan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/monoclonal-antibody/art-20047808?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de PD-L1 (inmunoterapia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioinmunoterapia (RIT)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/radio-immuno" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/radio-immuno">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You swat a bug off, but now you have an itchy bump. Was it a mosquito, a flea, a tick? Learn how to prevent, identify, and treat bug bites and stings." title="Insect Bites and Stings" url="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html" id="526" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<also-called>Bug bites</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most insect bites are harmless, though they sometimes cause discomfort. Bee, wasp, and hornet stings and fire ant bites usually hurt. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html"&gt;Mosquito&lt;/a&gt; and flea bites usually itch. Insects can also spread diseases. In the United States, some mosquitoes spread &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html"&gt;West Nile virus&lt;/a&gt;. Travelers outside the United States may be at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html"&gt;malaria&lt;/a&gt; and other infections. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent insect bites and their complications:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't bother insects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use insect repellant &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear protective clothing &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be careful when you eat outside because food attracts insects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you know you have severe allergic reactions to insect bites and stings (such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anaphylaxis&lt;/a&gt;), carry an emergency epinephrine kit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981" language="Spanish">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007299">Insect Bites and Stings</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rundi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Kirundi">Kirundi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insectbitesandstings.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html" id="6257">Anaphylaxis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html" id="161">Animal Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bedbugs.html" id="5649">Bed Bugs</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html" id="84">Lyme Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545">Mosquito Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plague.html" id="1656">Plague</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spiderbites.html" id="5249">Spider Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html" id="1645">Tick Bites</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bee Stings</see-reference>
<see-reference>Flea Bites</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insect Repellents</see-reference>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bee Sting" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bee-stings/symptoms-causes/syc-20353869?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bee, wasp, hornet, or yellow jacket sting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002847.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bug Bite or Sting" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/arthropod-bite-or-sting-insect-bites?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bug Bites and Stings" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/insect-bite.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/insect-bite.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bug Bites and Stings" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bug-bites.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bug-bites.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bug Bites and Stings: When to See a Dermatologist" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/bites/bug-bites-see-dermatologist?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bug repellent safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001969.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caterpillars" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002860.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Flea Infestations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Flea+Infestations%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Insect Bites and Stings" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=(insect+OR+mosquito+OR+bee)+AND+(bites+OR+stings)&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="DEET" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/deet">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fire Ant Allergy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/fire-ant-allergy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fire ants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002843.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002843.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Insect Stings and Bites" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/insect-stings-sheet.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flea Bite" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/flea-bite?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fleas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001329.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Bee Stung Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bee.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Fire Ant Stung Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fire-ant.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fire-ant.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Flea Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/flea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/flea.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Gnat Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/gnat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/gnat.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Louse Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/louse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/louse.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Mosquito Bit Me! (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/mosquito.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/mosquito.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Identifying Insect Bites and Stings" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Identifying-Insect-Bites-and-Stings.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/identifying-insect-bites-and-stings.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insect bites and stings" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000033.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insect Bites and Stings: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-insect-bites/basics/ART-20056593?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-insect-bites/basics/art-20056593?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insect Sting Allergy (Ant, Wasp and Bee Stings)" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/insect-sting-allergy?modal=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insects and Scorpions at Work" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/outdoor-workers/about/insects-and-scorpions.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mosquito Bites" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mosquito-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20375310?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mosquito-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20375310?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing West Nile" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/es/prevention/como-prevenir-la-enfermedad-por-el-virus-del-nilo-occidental.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect against Mosquito Bites when Traveling" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Yourself from Stinging Insects" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-117/pdfs/2010-117.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insect Bites and Stings" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Insect+Bites+and+Stings%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repellents: Protection against Mosquitoes, Ticks, and Other Arthropods" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stinging Insect Allergy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/stinging-insect-allergy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/picaduras-de-insectos-consejos-para-tener-en-cuent">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stinging Insect Matching Game" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/just-for-kids/stinging-insect-matching-game">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveler's Health: Avoid Bug Bites" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/avoid-bug-bites">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Typhus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001363.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Insect Repellents Safely (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/repellent-use-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/repellent-use-safety.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wasp sting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002857.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wings and Stings" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Wings-and-Stings.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Paginas/Wings-and-Stings.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="" title="Insomnia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html" id="6055" language="English" date-created="10/01/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is insomnia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Insomnia is a common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorder&lt;/a&gt;. If you have it, you may have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. As a result, you may get too little sleep or have poor-quality sleep. You may not feel refreshed when you wake up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of insomnia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Acute insomnia is common. Common causes include stress at work, family pressures, or a traumatic event. It usually lasts for days or weeks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chronic insomnia lasts for a month or longer. Most cases of chronic insomnia are secondary. This means they are the symptom or side effect of some other problem, such as certain medical conditions, medicines, and other sleep disorders. Substances such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;, tobacco, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; can also be a cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes chronic insomnia is the primary problem. This means that it is not caused by something else. Its cause is not well understood, but long-lasting stress, emotional upset, travel and shift work can be factors. Primary insomnia usually lasts more than one month.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for insomnia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Insomnia is common. It affects women more often than men. You can get it at any age, but older adults are more likely to have it. You are also at higher risk of insomnia if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a lot of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are depressed or have other emotional distress, such as divorce or death of a spouse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a lower income&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work at night or have frequent major shifts in your work hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Travel long distances with time changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;inactive lifestyle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are African American; research shows that African Americans take longer to fall asleep, don't sleep as well, and have more sleep-related breathing problems than whites.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of insomnia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of insomnia include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lying awake for a long time before you fall asleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleeping for only short periods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being awake for much of the night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling as if you haven't slept at all&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waking up too early&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can insomnia cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Insomnia can cause daytime sleepiness and a lack of energy. It also can make you feel anxious, depressed, or irritable. You may have trouble focusing on tasks, paying attention, learning, and remembering. Insomnia also can cause other serious problems. For example, it could make you may feel drowsy while driving. This could cause you get into a car accident.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is insomnia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose insomnia, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Takes your medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asks for your sleep history. Your provider will ask you for details about your sleep habits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Does a physical exam, to rule out other medical problems that might cause insomnia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May recommend a sleep study. A sleep study measures how well you sleep and how your body responds to sleep problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for insomnia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments include lifestyle changes, counseling, and medicines:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Lifestyle changes, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;good sleep habits&lt;/a&gt;, often help relieve acute (short-term) insomnia. These changes might make it easier for you to fall asleep and stay asleep.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A type of counseling called cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help relieve the anxiety linked to chronic (ongoing) insomnia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Several medicines also can help relieve your insomnia and allow you to re-establish a regular sleep schedule&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your insomnia is the symptom or side effect of another problem, it's important to treat that problem (if possible).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html" id="6056" language="Spanish">Insomnio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007319">Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/insomnia.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html" id="6469">Healthy Sleep</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html" id="408">Sleep Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="American Academy of Sleep Medicine" url="https://aasm.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can't sleep? Try these tips" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000853.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changing your sleep habits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Insomnia" url="https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/child-insomnia/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sleep+Initiation+and+Maintenance+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sleeping Pills" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=sleep+disorders&amp;intr=hypnotics+sedatives&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Sleep Center" url="https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-center/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/insomnia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/insomnio-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnia" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/insomnia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/insomnia">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000805.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000805.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnia in Teens: What Parents Should Know" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/insomnia-teens.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/insomnia-teens.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnia Treatment: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Instead of Sleeping Pills" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/insomnia-treatment/ART-20046677?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/insomnia-treatment/ART-20046677?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines for sleep" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000758.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melatonin" url="https://familydoctor.org/melatonin/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/melatonina/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Sleeping Pills: What's Right for You?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/sleeping-pills/ART-20043959?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/sleeping-pills/art-20043959?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sleep+Initiation+and+Maintenance+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Aids: Understand Options Sold without a Prescription" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep-aids/art-20047860?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep-aids/art-20047860?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Disorders and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sleep-disorders-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000805_16.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000805_76.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Study" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Z-drugs for Insomnia? Know the Risks" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/taking-z-drugs-insomnia-know-risks" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/toma-medicamentos-para-el-insomnio-conozca-los-riesgos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Insomnia?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/insomnio">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Should I Do If I Can't Sleep?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sleepless.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sleepless.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Le cuesta trabajo quedarse dormido o permanecer dormido toda la noche? Encuentre aquí lo que debe saber sobre los mejores hábitos para dormir bien." title="Insomnio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html" id="6056" language="Spanish" date-created="01/08/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el insomnio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El insomnio es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno del sueño&lt;/a&gt; común. Si usted lo padece tiene problemas para conciliar el sueño, quedarse dormido o los dos. Como resultado dormirá poco o tendrá un sueño de poca calidad. Quizás no se sienta descansado al levantarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de insomnio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El insomnio puede ser agudo (de corta duración) o crónico (de larga duración). El insomnio agudo es común. Las causas más frecuentes incluyen estrés en el trabajo, presiones familiares o un evento traumático. Por lo general, dura días o semanas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El insomnio crónico dura un mes o más. La mayoría de los casos de insomnio crónico son secundarios. Esto significa que son el síntoma o el efecto secundario de algún otro problema, como ciertos problemas médicos, medicamentos y otros trastornos del sueño. Sustancias como la cafeína, el tabaco y el alcohol también pueden ser una causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, el problema principal es el insomnio crónico. Esto significa que no tiene otra causa. Su origen no se comprende bien, pero el estrés de larga duración, el malestar emocional, los viajes y el trabajo en turnos pueden ser factores. En general, el insomnio primario dura más de un mes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener insomnio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El insomnio es común. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a las mujeres que a los hombres. Puede tenerlo a cualquier edad, pero es más común en adultos mayores. También tiene un mayor riesgo de insomnio si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene mucho estrés&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Está deprimido o tiene otros problemas emocionales, como el divorcio o la muerte de un cónyuge&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene problemas de dinero&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabaja de noche o cambios frecuentes en su horario de trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Viaja largas distancias con cambio de horas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un estilo de vida sedentario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es afroamericano: La investigación muestra que los afroamericanos tardan más en quedarse dormidos, no duermen bien y tienen más problemas respiratorios relacionados con el sueño que los blancos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del insomnio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del insomnio incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Permanecer despierto por un largo tiempo antes de dormirse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dormir solo por períodos cortos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar despierto durante gran parte de la noche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse como si no hubiera dormido nada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Despertarse demasiado temprano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el insomnio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El insomnio puede causar somnolencia diurna y falta de energía. También puede hacerle sentir ansioso, deprimido o irritable. Puede tener problemas para concentrarse en tareas, prestar atención, aprender y recordar. El insomnio también puede causar otros problemas graves. Por ejemplo, puede hacer que sienta sueño mientras maneja, lo que podría provocar un accidente automovilístico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el insomnio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar insomnio, su proveedor de atención médica considerará:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historial de sueño. Su proveedor le pedirá detalles sobre sus hábitos al dormir&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico para descartar otros problemas médicos que pueden causar insomnio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede recomendar un estudio del sueño. Un estudio del sueño mide qué tan bien duerme y cómo responde su cuerpo a los problemas para dormir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el insomnio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos incluyen cambios en el estilo de vida, terapia y medicamentos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los cambios en el estilo de vida, incluidos los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;buenos hábitos para dormir&lt;/a&gt;, a menudo ayudan a aliviar el insomnio agudo (a corto plazo). Estos cambios pueden hacer que le sea más fácil conciliar el sueño y mantenerse dormido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un tipo de terapia, la terapia cognitiva-conductual, puede ayudar a aliviar la ansiedad relacionada con el insomnio crónico &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Varios medicamentos también pueden ayudar a aliviar el insomnio y le permiten restablecer un horario de sueño regular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su insomnio es el síntoma o efecto secundario de otro problema, es importante tratarlo, de ser posible.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html" id="6055" language="English">Insomnia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html" id="2152">Problemas del sueño</related-topic>
<site title="Cambiar sus hábitos de sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000805_76.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000805_16.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dormir bien" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dormir/dormir-bien" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sleep/good-nights-sleep">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Generalidades sobre el insomnio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000805.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000805.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnio" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/insomnia" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/insomnia">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/insomnio-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/insomnia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnio en los adolescentes: Qué deben saber los padres" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/insomnia-teens.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/insomnia-teens.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insomnio: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/insomnia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355173?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para dormir" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000758.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melatonina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/melatonina/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/melatonin/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pastillas para dormir, de venta con receta: ¿Qué es lo correcto para ti?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/sleeping-pills/art-20043959?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/sleeping-pills/ART-20043959?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Somníferos: Comprender las opciones de venta libre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep-aids/art-20047860?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep-aids/art-20047860?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del insomnio: Terapia cognitiva conductual en vez de pastillas para dormir" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/insomnia-treatment/ART-20046677?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/insomnia-treatment/ART-20046677?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿No puede dormir? Pruebe con estos consejos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000853.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el insomnio?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/insomnio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué puedo hacer si no consigo conciliar el sueño?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sleepless.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sleepless.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Toma medicamentos para el insomnio? Conozca los riesgos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/toma-medicamentos-para-el-insomnio-conozca-los-riesgos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/taking-z-drugs-insomnia-know-risks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anteriormente, la falla ovárica prematura se conocía como menopausia prematura. Sin embargo, no es lo mismo que menopausia. Más información y síntomas." title="Insuficiencia ovárica primaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3685" language="Spanish" date-created="08/10/2006">
<also-called>Falla ovárica prematura</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia ovárica prematura</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia ovárica primaria, también conocida como falla ovárica prematura, ocurre cuando los ovarios de una mujer dejan de funcionar en forma normal antes de cumplir los 40 años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Alrededor de los 40 años, las mujeres son menos fértiles. Pueden comenzar a tener períodos menstruales irregulares a medida que entran a la menopausia. En las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria, los períodos irregulares y la fertilidad reducida comienzan antes de los 40 años. A veces,  puede comenzar hasta en la adolescencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia ovárica primaria es diferente a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt; prematura. En la menopausia prematura, sus períodos se detienen antes de los 40 años y ya no puede quedar embarazada. La causa puede ser natural o puede ser una enfermedad, cirugía, quimioterapia o radiación. En la insuficiencia ovárica primaria, algunas mujeres todavía tienen períodos ocasionales. Incluso pueden quedar embarazadas. En la mayoría de los casos de insuficiencia ovárica primaria, la causa es desconocida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En cerca del 90% de los casos se desconoce la causa exacta de la falla ovárica primaria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La investigación muestra que la falla ovárica primaria está relacionada con problemas en los folículos. Los folículos son pequeños sacos en sus ovarios. Sus óvulos crecen y maduran dentro de ellos. Un tipo de problema de folículo es que éstos dejen de funcionar antes de lo normal. Otro es que los folículos no funcionen bien. En la mayoría de los casos, no se conoce la causa del problema del folículo. Pero a veces la causa puede ser:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;Enfermedades genéticas&lt;/a&gt; como el síndrome de X frágil y el síndrome de Turner&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un bajo número de folículos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes, incluyendo la tiroiditis y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Addison&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia o radioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos metabólicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toxinas, como humo del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt;, productos químicos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticidas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener insuficiencia ovárica primaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores pueden aumentar el riesgo de una mujer de tener insuficiencia ovárica primaria:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: Las mujeres que tienen una madre o hermana con insuficiencia ovárica primaria tienen más probabilidades de tenerla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genes&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunos cambios en los genes y las enfermedades genéticas ponen a las mujeres en mayor riesgo de insuficiencia ovárica primaria. Por ejemplo, las mujeres con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome X frágil&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Turner&lt;/a&gt; tienen un mayor riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertas enfermedades&lt;/strong&gt;: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;infecciones virales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamientos contra el cáncer&lt;/strong&gt;: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: Las mujeres más jóvenes pueden tener falla ovárica primaria, pero se vuelve más común entre los 35 y 40 años
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El primer signo de insuficiencia ovárica primaria suele ser períodos irregulares o ausencia de ellos. Los síntomas posteriores pueden ser similares a los de la menopausia natural:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sofocos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sudores nocturnos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de concentración&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Disminución del deseo sexual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor durante las relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sequedad vaginal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las razones por las que las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica prematura acuden a su proveedor de cuidados de salud es infertilidad o problemas para quedar embarazadas.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a que la insuficiencia ovárica primaria provoca niveles más bajos de ciertas hormonas, corre un mayor riesgo de sufrir otras afecciones, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ansiedad y depresión&lt;/strong&gt;: Los cambios hormonales causados por la falla ovárica primaria pueden contribuir a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Síndrome del ojo seco y enfermedad de la superficie ocular&lt;/strong&gt;:  Algunas mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria tienen uno de estos problemas de los ojos. Ambos pueden causar incomodidad y visión borrosa. Si no se tratan, estas afecciones pueden causar daño permanente a los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedad del corazón&lt;/strong&gt;: Niveles más bajos de estrógeno pueden afectar los músculos que rodean las arterias y aumentar la acumulación de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; en ellas. Estos factores aumentan su riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;aterosclerosis&lt;/a&gt; (endurecimiento de las arterias)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Infertilidad&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hipotiroidismo&lt;/strong&gt;: Este problema también se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;hipofunción tiroidea&lt;/a&gt;. La tiroides es una glándula que produce hormonas que controlan el metabolismo y el nivel de energía de su cuerpo. Bajos niveles de hormonas tiroideas pueden afectar su metabolismo y causar que tenga muy poca energía, lentitud mental y otros síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/strong&gt;: La hormona estrógeno ayuda a mantener huesos fuertes. Sin suficiente estrógeno, las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria a menudo desarrollan osteoporosis, una enfermedad ósea que causa huesos débiles y frágiles y que tienen más probabilidades de romperse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar la insuficiencia ovárica primaria, su proveedor de atención médica puede considerar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;, que incluye saber si tiene familiares con insuficiencia ovárica primaria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Una prueba de embarazo&lt;/strong&gt; para asegurarse de que no está embarazada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/strong&gt; para buscar signos de otras enfermedades que podrían estar causando sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Análisis de sangre&lt;/strong&gt; para verificar los niveles de ciertas hormonas. También es posible que se haga una prueba de sangre para realizar un análisis cromosómico. Un cromosoma es la parte de una célula que contiene información genética&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Una ecografía pélvica&lt;/strong&gt; para ver si los ovarios están agrandados o tienen varios folículos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se trata la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento comprobado para restablecer el funcionamiento normal de los ovarios de una mujer. Pero hay tratamientos para algunos de los síntomas de la insuficiencia ovárica primaria. También hay formas de reducir sus riesgos de salud y tratar las afecciones que puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de reemplazo hormonal&lt;/strong&gt;: Es el tratamiento más común. Reemplaza el estrógeno y otras hormonas que sus ovarios no producen.  La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;terapia de reemplazo hormonal&lt;/a&gt; mejora la salud sexual y disminuye los riesgos de enfermedad cardíaca y osteoporosis. Por lo general, tomará estas medicinas hasta los 50 años de edad; cerca de la edad en que la menopausia comienza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suplementos de calcio y vitamina D&lt;/strong&gt;: Debido a que las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria tienen un mayor riesgo de osteoporosis, deben tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; todos los días&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fertilización in vitro&lt;/strong&gt;: Si tiene insuficiencia ovárica primaria y desea quedar embarazada, puede considerar la fertilización in vitro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Actividad física regular y un peso corporal saludable&lt;/strong&gt;: Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;ejercicio regularmente&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;controlar su peso&lt;/a&gt; puede bajar su riesgo de osteoporosis y enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamientos para enfermedades relacionadas&lt;/strong&gt;: Si tiene una afección que está relacionada con insuficiencia ovárica primaria, es importante tratarlas también. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos y hormonas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3684" language="English">Primary Ovarian Insufficiency</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" id="2032">Menopausia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033">Menstruación</related-topic>
<see-reference>Falla ovárica prematura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipofunción ovárica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ovarios, Falla prematura</see-reference>
<site title="Examen de hormona luteinizante (HL) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003710.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falla ovárica prematura (POI por sus siglas en inglés)" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Falla ovárica prematura asociada al X frágil (FXPOI): Información sobre la enfermedad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fxpoi/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fxpoi/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia ovárica prematura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001163.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona luteinizante (HL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la POI (falla ovárica prematura)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la POI (falla ovárica prematura)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud la POI (falla ovárica prematura)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Hay enfermedades o trastornos asociados con la POI (falla ovárica prematura)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/asociadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/conditions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa la POI (falla ovárica prematura)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre los síntomas y tratamientos para la insuficiencia renal (falla de riñones) aquí." title="Insuficiencia renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Falla renal</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia de los riñones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los riñones sanos limpian la sangre eliminando el exceso de líquido, minerales y desechos. También producen hormonas que mantienen  sus huesos fuertes y su sangre sana. Pero si los riñones están lesionados, no funcionan correctamente. Pueden acumularse desechos peligrosos en el organismo. Puede elevarse la presión arterial. Su cuerpo puede retener el exceso de líquidos y no producir suficientes glóbulos rojos. A esto se le llama insuficiencia renal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si los riñones fallan, necesitará tratamiento para reemplazar las funciones que hacen normalmente. Las opciones de tratamiento son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante renal&lt;/a&gt;. Cada tratamiento tiene sus beneficios y desventajas. Independientemente del tratamiento que escoja, deberá hacerle algunos cambios a su estilo de vida, incluyendo el tipo de alimentación y planificar sus actividades. Pero, con la ayuda de los profesionales de la salud, la familia y los amigos, la mayoría de las personas con insuficiencia renal puede llevar una vida plena y activa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302" language="English">Kidney Failure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html" id="1988">Cáncer de riñón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html" id="3790">Diálisis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5988">Enfermedad renal crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1855">Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html" id="5809">Quistes renales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1992">Trasplante de riñón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Falla renal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insuficiencia renal crónica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nefropatía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renal, Falla</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renal, Insuficiencia</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia en la enfermedad renal crónica" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Azotemia prerrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000508.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comiendo fuera de casa con confianza" url="https://www.kidney.org/es/kidney-topics/comiendo-fuera-de-casa-con-confianza" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/dining-out-confidence-dialysis">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional del Riñón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con su equipo de atención médica" url="https://lifeoptions.org/assets/pdfs/just_the_facts_how_to_talk_to_your_healthcare_team_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para personas vegetarianas que padecen problemas renales: ¿Qué ocurre con las proteínas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diálisis peritoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007434.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diálisis: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad renal terminal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000500.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falla renal o enfermedad renal terminal" url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/es/todo-sobre-los-rinones/la-falla-renal-o-enfermedad-renal-terminal-ert">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fondo Estadounidense sobre los Riñones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia (renal) de los riñones" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/kidneyfailure" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/kidneyfailure">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia aguda del riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000501.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia renal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/falla">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrosis tubular aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000512.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000648.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis secundaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000651.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de creatinina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética: ¿El gadolinio es seguro para las personas con problemas renales?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Potter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001268.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome hepatorrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000489.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de filtración glomerular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007305.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de riñón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento conservador para la insuficiencia renal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/tratamiento-conservador?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/falla/preparacion-tratamiento">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de suplementos de hierbas en la insuficiencia renal crónica" url="https://www.kidney.org/node/25438" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/herbal-supplements-and-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional del Riñón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volumen urinario en 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La insuficiencia respiratoria ocurre cuando no hay suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno en el cuerpo para funcionar correctamente. Algunos ejemplos aquí." title="Insuficiencia respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html" id="6017" language="Spanish" date-created="06/11/2012">
<also-called>Falla respiratoria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la insuficiencia respiratoria?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia respiratoria es una afección en la cual su sangre no tiene suficiente oxígeno o tiene demasiado dióxido de carbono. A veces puede tener ambos problemas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando respira, sus pulmones se llenan de oxígeno. El oxígeno pasa a su sangre, que lo lleva a sus órganos, como el corazón y el cerebro, que necesitan sangre rica en oxígeno para funcionar bien.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otra función de la respiración es eliminar el dióxido de carbono de la sangre al botar el aire. Tener demasiado dióxido de carbono en la sangre puede dañar sus órganos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la insuficiencia respiratoria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades que afectan su respiración pueden causar insuficiencia respiratoria. Estas pueden afectar los músculos, nervios, huesos o tejidos que tienen que ver con la respiración. O pueden afectar directamente a los pulmones. Estas afecciones incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades que afectan los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;pulmones&lt;/a&gt;, como la &lt;a href="copd.html" tid="1836" aria-describedby="ui-id-2"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;fibrosis quística&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;embolia pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Afecciones que afectan los nervios y músculos que controlan la respiración, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;esclerosis lateral amiotrófica&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;distrofia muscular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones de la médula espinal&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas con la columna vertebral, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html"&gt;escoliosis&lt;/a&gt; (una curvatura de la columna vertebral). Pueden afectar los huesos y músculos que se usan para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño a los tejidos y costillas alrededor de los pulmones. Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;lesión en el tórax&lt;/a&gt; puede causar este problema&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sobredosis de drogas o alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones por inhalación&lt;/a&gt;, como inhalación de humo (de incendios) o gases nocivos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria dependen de la causa y los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un nivel bajo de oxígeno en la sangre puede causar dificultad para respirar y falta de aire (la sensación de que no puede respirar suficiente aire). Su piel, labios y uñas pueden tener un color azulado. Un nivel alto de dióxido de carbono puede causar respiración rápida y confusión.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas que tienen insuficiencia respiratoria pueden tener mucho sueño o perder el conocimiento. También pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmia&lt;/a&gt; (latidos cardíacos irregulares). Es posible que tenga estos síntomas si su cerebro y corazón no reciben suficiente oxígeno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia respiratoria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de atención médica diagnosticará la insuficiencia respiratoria basándose en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico, que a menudo incluye:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escuchar sus pulmones para ver si hay sonidos anormales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escuchar a su corazón para ver si hay arritmia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Observar si su piel, labios y uñas tienen un color azulado &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de diagnóstico, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Oximetría de pulso: Utiliza un pequeño sensor que usa una luz para medir la cantidad de oxígeno en su sangre. El sensor se coloca al final de su dedo o en su oreja&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prueba de gasometría arterial: Mide los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre. La muestra de sangre se toma de una arteria, generalmente en su muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una vez que se diagnostica insuficiencia respiratoria, su proveedor de salud buscará la causa. A menudo, las pruebas incluyen una radiografía de tórax. Si su médico cree que puede tener arritmia debido a la insuficiencia respiratoria, es posible que se someta a un electrocardiograma. Esta es una prueba simple e indolora que detecta y registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la insuficiencia respiratoria?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la insuficiencia respiratoria depende de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si es aguda (de corto plazo) o crónica (en curso)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Qué tan grave es&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su causa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda puede ser una emergencia médica. Es posible que necesite tratamiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital. La insuficiencia respiratoria crónica a menudo se puede tratar en casa. Pero si su insuficiencia respiratoria crónica es grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un centro de atención a largo plazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uno de los objetivos principales del tratamiento es llevar oxígeno a los pulmones y otros órganos y eliminar el dióxido de carbono de su cuerpo. Otro objetivo es tratar la causa de la afección. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Terapia con oxígeno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Se realiza a través de una cánula nasal (dos pequeños tubos de plástico que se introducen en las fosas nasales) o mediante una máscara que se coloca sobre la nariz y la boca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Traqueotomía&lt;/strong&gt;: es un orificio creado quirúrgicamente que atraviesa la parte frontal del cuello y llega a la tráquea. Luego se coloca en el orificio un tubo respiratorio, también llamado cánula de traqueotomía o tubo traqueal, para ayudarle a respirar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ventilador&lt;/strong&gt;: Máquina de respiración que sopla aire en sus pulmones. También saca el dióxido de carbono de sus pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Otros tratamientos respiratorios&lt;/strong&gt;: Como ventilación con presión positiva no invasiva, que utiliza una presión de aire moderada para mantener abiertas las vías respiratorias mientras duerme. Otro tratamiento es una cama especial que se mueve hacia adelante y hacia atrás para ayudarlo a inhalar y exhalar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fluidos&lt;/strong&gt;: A menudo por vía intravenosa para mejorar el flujo sanguíneo en todo el cuerpo. También proporcionan nutrición&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos para el malestar&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamientos para la causa de la insuficiencia respiratoria&lt;/strong&gt;: Estos pueden incluir medicamentos y procedimientos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene insuficiencia respiratoria, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica para obtener atención médica continua. Su proveedor puede sugerir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su insuficiencia respiratoria es crónica, asegúrese de saber cuándo y dónde conseguir ayuda para sus síntomas. Si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar, necesita atención de emergencia. Debe llamar a su proveedor si nota que sus síntomas están empeorando o si presenta nuevos signos y síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vivir con insuficiencia respiratoria puede causar temor, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;. La terapia conversacional, los medicamentos y los grupos de apoyo pueden ayudarlo a sentirse mejor.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html" id="6016" language="English">Respiratory Failure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<site title="Acidosis respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000092.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener una lectura precisa con oxímetros de pulso" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia respiratoria" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/insuficiencia-respiratoria-y-s%C3%ADndrome-de-dificultad-respiratoria-aguda/insuficiencia-respiratoria">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y aparato respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lungs.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000103.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Leigh" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12945/sindrome-de-leigh/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con oxígeno: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ventilador/Soporte ventilatorio: ¿Qué es?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda?" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la insuficiencia respiratoria?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/insuficiencia-respiratoria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/respiratory-failure">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si toma medicamentos con o sin receta, debería prestar atencion a reacciones no deseadas. Lea sobre las interacciones entre medicamentos y mucho más." title="Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html" id="5604" language="Spanish" date-created="08/25/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las veces, los medicamentos hacen que nuestras vidas sean mejores. Reducen dolores y molestias, combaten infecciones y controlan problemas como la presión arterial alta o la diabetes. Pero también pueden causar reacciones no deseadas, como interacciones entre medicamentos, efectos secundarios y alergias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una interacción de medicamentos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una interacción de medicamentos es un cambio en la forma en que un medicamento actúa en el cuerpo cuando se toma con otras medicinas, alimentos o suplementos; o cuando se toma mientras tiene ciertas afecciones médicas. Por ejemplo, entre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dos medicamentos, como aspirina y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos y alimentos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html"&gt;estatinas&lt;/a&gt; y pomelo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos y suplementos, como ginkgo y anticoagulantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos y afecciones médicas, como aspirina y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlceras pépticas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las interacciones podrían hacer que un medicamento sea más o menos efectivo, causar efectos secundarios o cambiar la forma en que funcionan uno o ambos medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los efectos secundarios?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los efectos secundarios son efectos no deseados, generalmente desagradables, causados por medicamentos. La mayoría son leves, como dolor de estómago, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;boca seca&lt;/a&gt; o somnolencia, y desaparecen al dejar de tomar el medicamento. Otros pueden ser más graves. En ocasiones, un medicamento puede interactuar con una enfermedad que tiene y causar un efecto secundario. Por ejemplo, si tiene una afección cardíaca, ciertos descongestionantes pueden hacer que tenga latidos cardíacos rápidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las alergias a medicamentos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las alergias a medicamentos son otro tipo de reacción. Pueden variar de leves a potencialmente mortales. Las reacciones cutáneas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html"&gt;urticaria&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;, son el tipo más común. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anafilaxia&lt;/a&gt;, una reacción alérgica grave, es menos común.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo mantenerme seguro cuando tomo medicamentos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando empiece a tomar un nuevo medicamento recetado o de venta libre, asegúrese de entender cómo  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;tomarlo correctamente&lt;/a&gt;. Sepa qué otros medicamentos, alimentos y suplementos debe evitar. Siempre hable con su profesional de la salud o farmacéutico si tiene preguntas sobre sus medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html" id="5603" language="English">Drug Reactions</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258">Anafilaxia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html" id="5720">Errores en la administración de medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3800">Medicamentos sin receta médica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html" id="1870">Seguridad de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html" id="1959">Urticaria</related-topic>
<see-reference>Medicinas, Efectos adversos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Medicinas, Interacciones</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia a la aspirina: ¿Cuáles son los síntomas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/aspirin-allergy/faq-20058225?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/aspirin-allergy/FAQ-20058225?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a la penicilina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/penicillin-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376222?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a la penicilina (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/penicillin-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/penicillin-allergy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a sulfamidas: ¿Qué medicamentos debo evitar?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/sulfa-allergy/faq-20057970?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/expert-answers/sulfa-allergy/FAQ-20057970?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias a los medicamentos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371835?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20371835?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias a medicamentos: ¿Qué buscar?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/alergias-a-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/drug-allergies">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alergias farmacológicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000819.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia: primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angioedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca la ciencia: Cómo pueden interactuar los medicamentos y los suplementos" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/interaccion-de-medicamentos-y-suplementos">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daño hepático causado por fármacos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/f%C3%A1rmacos-e-h%C3%ADgado/da%C3%B1o-hep%C3%A1tico-causado-por-f%C3%A1rmacos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea medicamentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000293.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diez medicamentos que las personas mayores de 65 años deben evitar o usar con precaución" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/sites/default/files/media/pdf/HIA-TipSheet-10%20Meds-Avoid-Spanish%20Jan%202019.pdf">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>SAG Fundación para la Salud en Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejemplos de las interacciones de suplementos dietéticos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejemplos-de-las-interacciones-de-suplementos-dieteticos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-nutrient-interactions-and-drug-supplement-interactions-examples-of-dietary-supplement-interactions/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000820.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003220.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farmacogenética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007794.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farmacogenética: Cómo las pruebas genéticas pueden guiar las decisiones que se toman sobre medicamentos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pharmacogenomics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pharmacogenomics.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Farmacéuticos de la FDA ayudan a los consumidores a usar los medicamentos de una manera segura" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-farmaceuticos-de-la-fda-ayudan-los-consumidores-usar-los-medicamentos-de-una-manera-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-pharmacists-help-you-use-medicines-safely">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003103.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interacciones de medicamentos: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/interacciones-de-medicamentos-lo-que-usted-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/drug-interactions-what-you-should-know">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jugo de toronja y algunos medicamentos son una mala combinación" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-jugo-de-toronja-y-algunos-medicamentos-son-una-mala-combinacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/grapefruit-juice-and-some-drugs-dont-mix">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos de venta libre: Conozca sus riesgos y redúzcalos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-conozca-sus-riesgos-y-reduzcalos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/otc-medicines-know-your-risks-and-reduce-them/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos y comida: Cuando no pueden ir juntos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-y-comida-cuando-no-pueden-ir-juntos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-food-interactions/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Medicinas, hierbas y suplementos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginformation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mezclar medicamentos y suplementos dietéticos puede poner en peligro su salud" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mezclar-medicamentos-y-suplementos-dieteticos-puede-poner-en-peligro-su-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mixing-medications-and-dietary-supplements-can-endanger-your-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minuto de MedWatch: Los consumidores pueden reportar efectos secundarios inesperados, eventos adversos u otros problemas con productos regulados a través del programa MedWatch de la FDA" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1vdMyQUdAI&amp;feature=youtu.be">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monitorización de fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómito en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003117.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piénselo muy bien: Una guía para el control de los beneficios y riesgos de las medicinas" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/publicaciones-en-espanol-medicamentos/pienselo-muy-bien-una-guia-para-el-control-de-los-beneficios-y-riesgos-de-las-medicinas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs/think-it-through-managing-benefits-and-risks-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alergias en la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007795.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones a los medicamentos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/reacciones-a-los-medicamentos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-reactions/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones adversas al mezclar bebidas alcohólicas con medicamentos" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/reacciones-adversas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones alérgicas a medicamentos y fármacos" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/reacciones-alergicas-a-medicamentos-y-farmacos-con" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/medications-and-drug-allergic-reactions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sibilancias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la serotonina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/serotonin-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354758?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temblor inducido por fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000765.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar múltiples medicinas de manera segura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000883.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000883.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000845.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Do you suffer from discomfort or pain in the bladder? If yes, you may be dealing with Interstitial cystitis (IC). Read more about it" title="Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1274" language="English" date-created="04/18/2000">
<also-called>Bladder pain syndrome</also-called>
<also-called>IC</also-called>
<also-called>PBS</also-called>
<also-called>Painful bladder syndrome</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a condition that causes discomfort or pain in the bladder and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. It is far more common in women than in men. The symptoms vary from person to person. Some people may have pain without urgency or frequency. Others have urgency and frequency without pain. Women's symptoms often get worse during their periods. They may also have pain with sexual intercourse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cause of IC isn't known. There is no one test to tell if you have it.  Doctors often run tests to rule out other possible causes of symptoms. There is no cure for IC, but treatments can help most people feel better. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distending, or inflating, the bladder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bathing the inside of the bladder with a drug solution&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Oral medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Electrical nerve stimulation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bladder training&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In rare cases, surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1982" language="Spanish">Cistitis intersticial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018856">Cystitis, Interstitial</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164">Bladder Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bladder Pain Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cystitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Painful Bladder Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Bladder Pain" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bladder-pain" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bladder-pain">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cystitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cystitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cystitis, Interstitial" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cystitis,+Interstitial%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definition and Facts of Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/definition-facts" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/definicion-y-hechos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/eating-diet-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/alimentacion-dieta-nutricion">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial cystitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000477.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-cystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354357?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/interstitial-cystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354357?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/interstitial-cystitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cistitis-intersticial-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Cystitis (Painful Bladder Syndrome)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystitis%2C+Interstitial%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/symptoms-causes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Interstitial Cystitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistitis-intersticial-sindrome-vejiga-dolorosa/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urination - painful" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diseases that inflame or scar the lungs. Breathing in particles (asbestosis, silicosis) causes some types. " title="Interstitial Lung Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5597" language="English" date-created="08/24/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Interstitial lung disease is the name for a large group of diseases that inflame or scar the lungs. The inflammation and scarring make it hard to get enough oxygen. The scarring is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html"&gt;pulmonary fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Breathing in dust or other particles in the air is responsible for some types of interstitial lung diseases. Specific types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Black lung disease among coal miners, from inhaling coal dust&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Farmer's lung, from inhaling farm dust&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asbestosis, from inhaling &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html"&gt;asbestos&lt;/a&gt; fibers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Siderosis, from inhaling iron from mines or welding fumes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Silicosis, from inhaling silica dust&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other causes include autoimmune diseases or occupational exposures to molds, gases, or fumes. Some types of interstitial lung disease have no known cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the type of exposure and the stage of the disease. It may involve medicines, oxygen therapy, or a lung transplant in severe cases.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5598" language="Spanish">Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017563">Lung Diseases, Interstitial</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html" id="1330">Asbestos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html" id="347">Occupational Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html" id="378">Pulmonary Fibrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Coal Miner's Lung</see-reference>
<see-reference>Farmer's Lung</see-reference>
<see-reference>Interstitial Pneumonitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pneumoconiosis</see-reference>
<site title="About Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/cwhsp/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACE blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beryllium Toxicity" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/beryllium/patient_education.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Byssinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001089.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/childhood-interstitial-lung-diseases">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anthracosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anthracosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lung Diseases, Interstitial" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lung+Diseases,+Interstitial%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pneumoconiosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pneumoconiosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coal worker's pneumoconiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crystalline Silica" url="https://www.osha.gov/silica-crystalline">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dusts and Molds" url="https://www.marshfieldresearch.org/Media/Default/NFMC/PDFs/DustsandMolds.1.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Farm Medicine Center</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Farmer's Lung: Causes and Symptoms of Mold and Dust Induced Respiratory Illness" url="https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/442/442-602/442-602.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Virginia Cooperative Extension</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histiocytosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000068.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Properly Put On and Take Off a Disposable Respirator" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-133_sp/pdfs/2010-133_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypersensitivity pneumonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/interstitial-lung-diseases/overview-of-idiopathic-interstitial-pneumonias" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/enfermedades-pulmonares-intersticiales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-neumon%C3%ADas-intersticiales-idiop%C3%A1ticas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Industrial bronchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000072.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial lung disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000128.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Lung Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353108?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Treatment" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/interstitial-lung-disease-ild/ild/treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial lung disease - adults - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Lung Disease: Overview" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/interstitial-lung-disease-ild/ild?modal=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Silicosis" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/silicosis/learn-about-silicosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Disease Treatments" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-treatments">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung HelpLine and Tobacco QuitLine" url="https://www.lung.org/help-support/lung-helpline-and-tobacco-quitline">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Respiratory Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/occupational-respiratory-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-respiratoria-ocupacional-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Particulate Matter (PM) Pollution" url="https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352623?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352623?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Yourself: Respirators" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/respirators.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial Lung Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lung+Diseases%2C+Interstitial%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pulmonary-alveolar-microlithiasis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary function tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000137.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shortness of Breath" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dificultad-respiratoria/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs of Unhealthy Indoor Air" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/indoor-air/signs-unhealthy-indoor-air">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000134.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis: Learn the Facts!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-108/pdfs/2004-108.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-108_sp/pdfs/2004-108sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surfactant dysfunction: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/surfactant-dysfunction">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Interstitial Lung Diseases?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/interstitial-lung-diseases">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are five types of small intestine cancer. Find out how your diet and health history can affect your risk. Learn about intestinal cancer here." title="Intestinal Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalcancer.html" id="3652" language="English" date-created="11/24/2003">
<also-called>Duodenal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Ileal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Jejunal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Small intestine cancer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your small intestine is part of your digestive system.  It is a long tube that connects your stomach to your large intestine. Intestinal cancer is rare, but eating a high-fat diet or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html"&gt;celiac disease,&lt;/a&gt; or a history of  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html"&gt;colonic polyps&lt;/a&gt; can increase your risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Possible signs of small intestine cancer include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood in the stool&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A lump in the abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Imaging tests that create pictures of the small intestine and the area around it can help diagnose intestinal cancer and show whether it has spread.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Surgery is the most common treatment. Additional options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalcancer.html" id="3653" language="Spanish">Cáncer de intestino</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007078">Ileal Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007580">Jejunal Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004379">Duodenal Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carcinoidtumors.html" id="1277">Carcinoid Tumors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88">Colorectal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="495">Soft Tissue Sarcoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html" id="419">Stomach Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors</see-reference>
<see-reference>Small Intestine Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics: Small Intestine Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/smint.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Capsule Endoscopy" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-neuroendocrine-tumors/patient/child-gi-neuroendocrine-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tumores-neuroendocrinos-gi/paciente/tratamiento-neuroendocrino-gi-infantiles-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/child-gist-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tegi-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Duodenal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Duodenal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastrointestinal+Stromal+Tumors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/gist">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteroclysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003818.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Stages and Other Prognostic Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Small Intestine Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/intestino-delgado/paciente/tratamiento-intestino-delgado-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal leiomyoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Small Intestine Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/small-intestine-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Duodenal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Jejunal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Ileal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Small Intestine Cancer (Adenocarcinoma)?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/small-intestine-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002943.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100039_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100039_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small Intestine Cancer (Adenocarcinoma) Stages" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/small-intestine-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small Intestine Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/intestino-delgado/paciente/tratamiento-intestino-delgado-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Small Intestine Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq#_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/intestino-delgado/paciente/tratamiento-intestino-delgado-pdq#_89">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Small Intestine Cancer (Adenocarcinoma)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/small-intestine-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Small Intestine Cancer (Adenocarcinoma)" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/small-intestine-cancer/treating.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Small Intestine Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/small-intestine/patient/small-intestine-treatment-pdq#_53" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/intestino-delgado/paciente/tratamiento-intestino-delgado-pdq#_98">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor/about/what-is-gist.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Intestinal or bowel obstructions can have many causes. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, and tests. " title="Intestinal Obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5275" language="English" date-created="08/24/2009">
<also-called>Bowel obstruction</also-called>
<also-called>Intestinal volvulus</also-called>
<also-called>Paralytic ileus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An intestinal obstruction occurs when food or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html"&gt;stool&lt;/a&gt; cannot move through the intestines. The obstruction can be complete or partial. There are many causes. The most common are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adhesions.html"&gt;adhesions&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hernia.html"&gt;hernias&lt;/a&gt;, cancers, and certain medicines. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe abdominal pain or cramping &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loud bowel sounds &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling of the abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inability to pass gas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A complete intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency.  It often requires surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5276" language="Spanish">Obstrucción intestinal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007415">Intestinal Obstruction</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adhesions.html" id="3920">Adhesions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html" id="194">Colonic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5446">Small Intestine Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bowel Obstruction</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fecal Impaction</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intestinal Volvulus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intussusception</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paralytic Ileus</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Mesenteric Ischemia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastrointestinal-emergencies/acute-mesenteric-ischemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/urgencias-gastrointestinales/isquemia-mesent%C3%A9rica-aguda">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amylase - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomic Problems of the Lower GI Tract" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/problemas-anatomicos-parte-inferior-del-aparato-digestivo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bowel Obstruction and Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/bowel-obstruction" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/obstruccion-intestinal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fecal Impaction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fecal+Impaction%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intestinal Obstruction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intestinal+Obstruction%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intestinal Volvulus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intestinal+Volvulus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intussusception" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intussusception%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/colectomy/about/pac-20384631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/colectomy/about/pac-20384631?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colostomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CT Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disorders of the Large Intestine" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-large-intestine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disorders of the Small Intestine" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-small-intestine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/epidermolysis-bullosa-with-pyloric-atresia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feingold syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/feingold-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hirschsprung Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/hirschsprung-disease">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hirschsprung disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001140.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hirschsprung Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hirschsprung.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hirschsprung.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileus" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastrointestinal-emergencies/ileus" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/urgencias-gastrointestinales/%C3%ADleo">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Ischemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Malrotation" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/malrotation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/malrotation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Obstruction" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastrointestinal-emergencies/intestinal-obstruction" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/urgencias-gastrointestinales/obstrucci%C3%B3n-intestinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal obstruction (pediatric) - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100165_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100165_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal obstruction and Ileus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000260.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal obstruction repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002927.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal obstruction repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100116_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100116_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal or bowel obstruction - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000150.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal pseudo-obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intussusception" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intussusception.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intussusception.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intussusception - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ostomy Surgery of the Bowel" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ostomy-surgery-bowel">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Obstruction" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intestinal+Obstruction%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiographic Tests in GI" url="https://gi.org/topics/gi-radiographic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002943.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100039_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100039_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total colectomy or proctocolectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volvulus - childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000985.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000985.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse that happens in a romantic relationship. It is also called domestic violence. Learn the signs and how to get help." title="Intimate Partner Violence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="514" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<also-called>Battery</also-called>
<also-called>Domestic violence</also-called>
<also-called>Partner abuse</also-called>
<also-called>Spousal abuse</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is intimate partner violence (IPV)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse that happens in a romantic relationship. The intimate partner could be a current or former spouse or dating partner. IPV is also known as domestic violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;IPV may include different types of abuse, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical violence&lt;/strong&gt;, when a person hurts or tries to hurt a partner by hitting, kicking, or using another type of physical force.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html"&gt;Sexual violence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which involves forcing or attempting to force a partner to take part in sexual activity when the partner does not or cannot consent. The sexual activity could include things like sex acts, sexual touching, or non-physical sexual events (e.g., sexting).&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emotional abuse&lt;/strong&gt;, which includes threats, name-calling, put-downs, and humiliation. It can also involve controlling behavior, such as telling a partner how to act or dress and not letting them see family or friends.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Economic abuse&lt;/strong&gt;, also called financial abuse, which involves controlling access to money.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stalking&lt;/strong&gt;, which is repeated, unwanted contact that causes fear or concern for the safety of the partner. This can include watching or following the partner. The stalker may send repeated, unwanted phone calls or texts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is affected by intimate partner violence (IPV)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is hard to know exactly how common IPV is because it is often not reported.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;But we do know that anyone can be affected by it. IPV can happen to anyone. It affects people with all levels of income and education.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs that someone is experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you think that a loved one might be experiencing IPV, watch for these signs:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Does your friend or loved one:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have unexplained cuts or bruises?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid friends, family, and favorite activities?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make excuses for their partner's behavior?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Look uncomfortable or fearful around their partner?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Does your friend or loved one's partner:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Yell at or make fun of them?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Try to control them by making all the decisions?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check up on them at work or school?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Force them to do sexual things they don't want to do?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Threaten to hurt themself if the partner wants to break up?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can I do if I am experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your safety is the most important concern. &lt;strong&gt;If you are in immediate danger, call 911.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are not in immediate danger, you can:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get medical care&lt;/strong&gt; if you have been injured or sexually assaulted.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Call a helpline&lt;/strong&gt; for free, anonymous help. You can contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 800-799-SAFE (7233) or 800-787-3224 (TTY). You can also chat with them through &lt;a href="https://www.thehotline.org/" target="_blank"&gt;their website&lt;/a&gt; or through text by texting START to 88788.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Find out where to get help in your community.&lt;/strong&gt; Contact local organizations that can help you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Make a safety plan to leave.&lt;/strong&gt; Intimate partner violence usually does not get better. Think about a safe place for you to go and all of the things that you will need when you leave.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Save the evidence.&lt;/strong&gt; Keep evidence of abuse, such as pictures of your injuries or threatening emails or texts. Make sure that it is in a safe place the abuser cannot access.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk to someone you trust&lt;/strong&gt;, such as a family member, a friend, a co-worker, or a spiritual leader.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consider getting a restraining order&lt;/strong&gt; to protect yourself.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I help someone who is experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Let your loved one know that being treated this way isn't healthy and that they are not to blame. You should:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Call 911 if there is immediate danger.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Watch for the signs of abuse.&lt;/strong&gt; Learn about the signs and keep track of the ones that you see.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Find out about local resources.&lt;/strong&gt; Get the addresses and phone numbers of some local resources in your community. Then you'll be able to share the information if the person is ready for it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Set up a time to talk.&lt;/strong&gt; Make sure you can have your conversation in a safe, private place. Your loved one's partner may have access to his or her cell phone or computer, so be careful about sharing information over text or email.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be specific about why you are worried.&lt;/strong&gt; Describe the behaviors that concern you. Be as specific as possible when explaining why you are worried.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Plan for safety.&lt;/strong&gt; If your loved one is ready to leave an abusive partner, help make a plan for getting out of the relationship as safely as possible. An intimate partner violence counselor can help with making a safety plan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be patient and do not judge.&lt;/strong&gt; You should talk about your concerns with your loved one, but you need to understand that they may not be ready to talk about it. Let them know that you're available to talk at any time, and that you will listen without judging them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="1865" language="Spanish">Violencia en la pareja</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000066511">Intimate Partner Violence</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html" id="183">Child Abuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html" id="3781">Child Sexual Abuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elderabuse.html" id="529">Elder Abuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html" id="380">Sexual Assault</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenviolence.html" id="1358">Teen Violence</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Domestic Violence</see-reference>
<see-reference>Partner Abuse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Spouse Abuse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Violence</see-reference>
<site title="About Intimate Partner Violence" url="https://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Stalking" url="https://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/about/about-stalking.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Teen Dating Violence" url="https://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/about/about-teen-dating-violence.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/about/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuse, Maltreatment and PTSD and Their Relationship to Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/abuse-maltreatment-and-ptsd-and-their-relationship-to-migraine/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuse: What You Need to Know" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/family-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abuse.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intimate Partner Violence" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intimate+Partner+Violence%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Reactions After Trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dating Violence and Abuse" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/other-types/dating-violence-and-abuse" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/other-types/dating-violence-and-abuse">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women" url="https://www.justice.gov/ovw">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women</organization>
</site>
<site title="Domestic Violence" url="https://familydoctor.org/domestic-violence-protecting-yourself-and-your-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/violencia-domestica-protegiendose-a-si-misma-y-a-sus-hijos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Domestic Violence" url="https://www.justice.gov/ovw/domestic-violence">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women</organization>
</site>
<site title="Domestic violence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000816.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Domestic Violence Against Men: Recognize Patterns, Seek Help" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence-against-men/art-20045149?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence-against-men/art-20045149?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Domestic Violence Against Women: Recognize Patterns, Seek Help" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence/art-20048397?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence/art-20048397?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Domestic Violence and Children" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Helping-Children-Exposed-to-Domestic-Violence-109.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Expect-Respect-Healthy-Relationships.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/expect-respect-healthy-relationships.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Your Teen in an Abusive Relationship?" url="https://familydoctor.org/teen-abusive-relationship/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/su-hija-adolescente-esta-en-una-relacion-abusiva/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leaving an Abusive Relationship" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/domestic-violence/leaving-abusive-relationship" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/domestic-violence/leaving-abusive-relationship">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intimate Partner Violence" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intimate+Partner+Violence%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Relationships and Safety" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resources by State on Violence against Women" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Harassment" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/harassment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/harassment.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Dating Violence and Drug Use" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/family/teen-dating-violence-and-drug-use" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/familia/violencia-en-citas-de-adolescentes-y-drogas">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violence against Women" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violence and Abuse in Rural America" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/violence-and-abuse">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Conoce los signos comunes de que una persona es víctima de bullying o ciberacoso? Ayude a su hijo si él o ella es víctima de intimidación." title="Intimidación y ciberacoso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4027" language="Spanish" date-created="12/15/2004">
<also-called>Acoso en la escuela</also-called>
<also-called>Acoso escolar</also-called>
<also-called>Acoso escolar cibernético</also-called>
<also-called>Agresión en la escuela</also-called>
<also-called>Buscapleitos</also-called>
<also-called>Ciber-intimidación</also-called>
<also-called>Peleones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es intimidación o acoso?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se conoce como intimidación o acoso (conocido en inglés como bullying) cuando una persona o grupo lastima repetidamente a alguien a propósito. Puede ser físico, social y / o verbal. Es dañino tanto para las víctimas como para los acosadores, y siempre implica:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comportamiento agresivo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diferencia de poder:&lt;/strong&gt; Es decir, la víctima es más débil o se percibe como más débil. Por ejemplo, los acosadores pueden intentar usar la fuerza física, información vergonzosa o la popularidad para dañar a otros&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Repetición:&lt;/strong&gt; Es decir, ocurre más de una vez o probablemente volverá a suceder&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de acoso escolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos de intimidación:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acoso físico:&lt;/strong&gt; Implica dañar el cuerpo o las pertenencias de una persona. Los ejemplos incluyen golpear, patear y robar o romper cosas de alguien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intimidación social&lt;/strong&gt; (también llamada intimidación relacional): Intimidación social (también llamada intimidación relacional): Daña la reputación o las relaciones de alguien. Algunos ejemplos son difundir rumores, avergonzar a alguien en público y hacer que alguien se sienta excluido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acoso verbal:&lt;/strong&gt; Consiste en decir o escribir cosas negativas, incluyendo insultos, burlas y amenazas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el ciberacoso?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El acoso cibernético o ciberacoso es la intimidación que ocurre a través de mensajes de texto o en línea. Puede ser a través de correos electrónicos, redes sociales, foros o juegos. Algunos ejemplos son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Publicar rumores en las redes sociales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compartir fotos o videos vergonzosos en línea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compartir información privada de otra persona en línea (llamado doxing en inglés)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Amenazar a alguien en línea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crear cuentas falsas y publicar información para avergonzar a alguien&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos tipos de ciberacoso pueden ser ilegales. Las leyes sobre el ciberacoso son diferentes de un estado a otro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el ciberacoso y la intimidación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El acoso cibernético es un tipo de acoso, pero hay algunas diferencias entre ambos. El acoso cibernético puede ser:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anónimo:&lt;/strong&gt; Las personas pueden ocultar sus identidades cuando están en línea o usando un teléfono celular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persistente:&lt;/strong&gt; las personas pueden enviar mensajes al instante, a cualquier hora del día o de la noche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Permanente:&lt;/strong&gt; Muchas comunicaciones electrónicas son permanentes y públicas, a menos que se reporten y eliminen. Una mala reputación en línea puede afectar el ingreso a la universidad, el empleo y otras áreas de la vida de las personas. Esto también se aplica para el acosador&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Difícil de notar:&lt;/strong&gt; Los maestros y los padres no pueden escuchar o ver cómo ocurre el ciberacoso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de ser intimidado?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños tienen un mayor riesgo de ser intimidados si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son vistos como diferentes de sus compañeros, por ejemplo, si tienen sobrepeso o bajo peso, se visten de manera diferente o son de una raza / etnia diferente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son vistos como débiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o baja autoestima.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No tienen muchos amigos o son menos populares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No socializan bien con los demás&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen una discapacidad intelectual o del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de ser un acosador?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de menores que tienen más probabilidades de acosar a otros:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños que están bien conectados con sus compañeros, tienen poder social, se preocupan demasiado por la popularidad y les gusta estar al mando de otros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños que están más aislados de sus compañeros, pueden estar deprimidos o ansiosos, tienen baja autoestima, son fácilmente presionados por sus compañeros y tienen problemas para entender los sentimientos de otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay ciertos factores que pueden favorecer para que alguien sea un acosador. Incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ser agresivo o frustrarse fácilmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas en el hogar, como sufrir violencia o acoso o tener padres no involucrados con sus hijos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas para seguir las reglas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ver la violencia en forma positiva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener amigos que intimidan a otros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos de la intimidación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La intimidación es un problema grave que causa daño. No solo lastima a la persona que está siendo intimidada, también puede ser perjudicial para los acosadores y para cualquier niño que sea testigo de la intimidación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños que son acosados pueden tener problemas en la escuela y con su salud mental y física. Están en riesgo de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Depresión, ansiedad y baja autoestima. Estos problemas a veces duran hasta la edad adulta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de salud, incluyendo dolores de cabeza y de estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calificaciones y resultados de exámenes más bajos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta y abandono escolar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;niños que intimidan a otros&lt;/strong&gt; tienen un mayor riesgo de consumo de sustancias, problemas en la escuela y violencia en el futuro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;niños que son testigos de la intimidación&lt;/strong&gt; son más propensos a abusar de las drogas o el alcohol y tener problemas de salud mental. También pueden faltar a la escuela.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los signos de ser intimidado?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los niños que están siendo intimidados no lo denuncian. Pueden temer una reacción violenta del acosador o pensar que a nadie le importa. A veces se sienten demasiado avergonzados para hablar de ello. Por eso, es importante conocer las señales de un problema de acoso escolar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Depresión, soledad o ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baja autoestima&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza, dolores de estómago o malos hábitos alimenticios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No le gusta o no quiere ir a la escuela, o tiene peores calificaciones que antes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comportamientos autodestructivos, como huir de casa, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html"&gt;hacerse daño&lt;/a&gt; o hablar de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones inexplicables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Perder o destruir ropa, libros, artículos electrónicos o joyas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt; o pesadillas frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida repentina de amigos o evitar situaciones sociales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo ayudar a alguien que está siendo acosado?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a un niño que está siendo intimidado, apóyelo y hable sobre la intimidación:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Escuche y enfóquese en el niño:&lt;/strong&gt; Entérese sobre lo que está pasando y demuestre que quiere ayudar&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asegúrele al niño que la intimidación no es su culpa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esté consciente que los niños que son acosados pueden tener dificultades para hablar sobre esto:&lt;/strong&gt; Considere referirlos a un consejero escolar, psicólogo u otro servicio de salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entregue sugerencias sobre qué hacer:&lt;/strong&gt; Por ejemplo, puede intercambiar roles y pensar cómo reaccionará el niño si el acoso ocurre nuevamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trabajen juntos para resolver la situación y proteger al niño acosado:&lt;/strong&gt; El niño, los padres y la escuela u organización educacional deben ser parte de la solución&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga su interés:&lt;/strong&gt; La intimidación puede no terminar de la noche a la mañana. Asegúrese de que el niño sepa que usted está comprometido a detener el abuso&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asegúrese de que el agresor sepa que su comportamiento es incorrecto y que perjudica a otros&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Muestre a los niños que el acoso escolar es un tema serio:&lt;/strong&gt; Deje en claro a todos que el acoso no será tolerado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4026" language="English">Bullying and Cyberbullying</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schoolhealth.html" id="3613">Salud escolar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638">Salud mental del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" id="3163">Salud mental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenviolence.html" id="2187">Violencia en los adolescentes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ciberacoso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Escuela, Acoso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Internet, Seguridad en</see-reference>
<see-reference>Violencia en la escuela</see-reference>
<site title="Abordar el acoso infantil: Cuando la agresión entre compañeros va demasiado lejos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/abordar-el-acoso-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/09/addressing-childhood-bullying">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acoso sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/harassment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/harassment.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acoso y los jóvenes con discapacidades y necesidades de salud especiales" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkr9/necesidades-especiales" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/special-needs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a los niños a sobrellevar los grupos cerrados" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cliques.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciberacoso" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/ciberacoso">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar a los hostigadores" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bullies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bullies.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo proteger la privacidad de su hijo en internet" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/como-proteger-la-privacidad-de-su-hijo-en-internet" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/protecting-your-childs-privacy-online">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo recolectan y usan su información los sitios web y las aplicaciones" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/como-recolectan-y-usan-su-informacion-los-sitios-web-y-las-aplicaciones" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-websites-and-apps-collect-and-use-your-information">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intimidación (bullying): Información sobre el problema" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bullying/informacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Jóvenes de la comunidad LGBTQI+" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkmj/lgbtq" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/lgbtq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y redes sociales en internet" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/ninos-y-redes-sociales-en-internet" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/kids-socializing-online">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir el ciberacoso" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-por-internet-1zqb/prevenci%c3%b3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteja a los niños en internet" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/robo-de-identidad-y-seguridad-en-linea/proteja-los-ninos-en-internet" language-mapped-url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/identity-theft-and-online-security/protecting-kids-online">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué es el ciberacoso" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-por-internet-1yqc/qu%c3%a9-es" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reportar casos de ciberacoso" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-por-internet-365l/cómo-denunciar" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/how-to-report">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Señales de advertencia del acoso" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkis/se%c3%b1ales-de-advertencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/warning-signs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette y el acoso" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/other-concerns/el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette-y-el-acoso.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Presta Atención! (Comparte con cuidado)" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/presta-atencion">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los signos comunes de que una persona es víctima de intimidación?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bullying/informacion/signos">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afecta la intimidación la salud y el bienestar?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bullying/informacion/afecta" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bullying/conditioninfo/health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el acoso?" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/qué-es-el-acoso/346k/índice.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/what-is-bullying">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La lactosa es el azúcar que se encuentra en alimentos hechos con leche. Hay personas que tienen problemas digerir los alimentos con lactosa. Más aquí." title="Intolerancia a la lactosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html" id="1997" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Intolerancia a productos lácteos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Intolerancia a la lactosa significa que usted no puede digerir alimentos que contienen lactosa. La lactosa es el azúcar que se encuentra en la leche y los alimentos preparados con leche. Después de ingerir alimentos que contienen lactosa, es posible que tenga malestar estomacal. También puede presentar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Gases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Diarrea &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Inflamación en el estómago &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico puede hacerle un análisis de sangre, una prueba de aliento o un análisis de heces para detectar si sus problemas se deben a la intolerancia a la lactosa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La intolerancia a la lactosa no es un cuadro serio. Consumir menos alimentos con lactosa o utilizar pastillas o gotas que lo ayuden a digerir la lactosa suelen ser de ayuda. Es posible que necesite tomar suplementos de calcio, ya que la leche y los productos lácteos son las fuentes más comunes de calcio para la mayoría de las personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html" id="898" language="English">Lactose Intolerance</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html" id="1908">Alergia a los alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lactosa, Intolerancia a la</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia a la leche" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a los alimentos frente a intolerancia alimentaria: ¿Cuál es la diferencia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/faq-20058538?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/FAQ-20058538?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta sin lácteos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dairy-free-diet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dairy-free-diet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia a la lactosa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lactose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lactose.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia a la lactosa" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/intolerancia-lactosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/lactose-intolerance">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia a la lactosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000276.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia a la lactosa" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/intolerancia-a-la-lactosa/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/lactose-intolerance/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia a la lactosa en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/nutrition/Paginas/Lactose-Intolerance-in-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia a la lactosa: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lactose-intolerance/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374238?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de alergias alimentarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de tolerancia a la lactosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003500.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de tolerancia a la lactosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-tolerancia-a-la-lactosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactose-tolerance-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es alérgico a la leche? Algunos chocolates oscuros etiquetados como libre de lácteos aun contienen leche" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/es-alergico-la-leche-algunos-chocolates-oscuros-etiquetados-como-libre-de-lacteos-aun-contienen" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/allergic-milk-some-dark-chocolate-labeled-dairy-free-may-still-contain-milk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las inundaciones pueden suceder en forma inesperada. Prepárese en caso de una inundación. Conozca las señales y sistemas de advertencia aquí." title="Inundaciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html" id="4597" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las inundaciones son comunes en Estados Unidos. Las lluvias fuertes, tormentas o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html"&gt;huracanes&lt;/a&gt; pueden provocar inundaciones. Las inundaciones también pueden ocurrir cuando un río o una corriente de agua se desbordan de su lecho, cuando se agrieta un dique o cuando se rompe una represa. Las inundaciones repentinas, que pueden desarrollarse rápidamente, suelen tener una peligrosa pared de agua turbulenta que arrastra piedras, lodo y escombros  y que pueden barrer casi todo lo que encuentran a su paso. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tenga conciencia de los riesgos de inundación independientemente del lugar en el que se vive, pero en especial si vive en áreas bajas, cercanas al agua o aguas abajo de una represa. Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante una inundación, es posible tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. 
Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Usted puede necesitar ayuda para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;superar la situación&lt;/a&gt;. 
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html" id="4596" language="English">Floods</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres naturales</see-reference>
<site title="Ansiedad relacionada con las inundaciones" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/ansiedad-inundaciones?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad en inundaciones" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/inundaciones/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/floods/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inundaciones" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/inundaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/natural-disasters/flooding">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inundaciones" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/inundaciones">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpieza después de la inundación y el aire en su hogar" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/documents/flood_booklet_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/iaq/flood/flood_booklet_en.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Listo niños" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer después de un huracán o una inundación" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/response/que-hacer-despues-de-un-huracan-o-una-inundacion.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria y del agua en caso de apagones eléctricos e inundaciones" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/seguridad-de-los-alimentos-y-el-agua-durante-cortes-de-energia-e-inundaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm076881.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Our bodies need the right amount of iron to function properly. Read about what can happen when you consume too much or too little of it." title="Iron" url="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html" id="5542" language="English" date-created="11/23/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is iron?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Iron is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;mineral&lt;/a&gt; that our bodies need for growth and development. Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Iron is also important for healthy muscles, bone marrow, and organ function. Your body also needs iron to make some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do you get iron?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Iron is found naturally in many foods and is added to some fortified food products. Foods that are high in iron include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lean meat, seafood, and poultry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Iron-fortified breakfast cereals and breads&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White beans, lentils, spinach, kidney beans, and peas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nuts and some dried fruits, such as raisins&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Iron is available in supplements, either on its own or as part of many multivitamin/mineral supplements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes low iron?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people in the United States get enough iron. The amount that you need each day depends on your age, your sex, and whether you consume a mostly plant-based diet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people can have trouble getting enough iron. There can be many causes, including blood loss, a poor diet, or a problem absorbing enough iron from foods. Those who are more likely to have low iron include people who:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have heavy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;periods&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;breastfeeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are infants (especially if they were born &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;premature&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood donors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html"&gt;digestive diseases&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are on &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;kidney dialysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have trouble absorbing iron because they:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Have a digestive condition such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html"&gt;celiac disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html"&gt;Helicobacter pylori infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;weight loss surgery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens if you don't get enough iron?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have too little iron, you may develop iron-deficiency &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;. It may not cause symptoms at first, but over time, it can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;, and trouble with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory&lt;/a&gt; and concentration. Treatment for low iron and iron-deficiency anemia is usually with iron supplements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens if you get too much iron?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Too much iron can damage your body. For example, if you are healthy and take too many iron supplements, you may have symptoms such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;. Higher iron levels can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;ulcers&lt;/a&gt;. Extremely high levels can lead to organ damage, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;, and death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A disease called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;hemochromatosis&lt;/a&gt; can cause too much iron to build up in the body. Hemochromatosis is inherited (passed down through families). It is usually treated by removing blood (and iron) from your body on a regular basis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html" id="5543" language="Spanish">Hierro en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007501">Iron</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html" id="139">Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html" id="1220">Hemochromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298">Minerals</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html" id="4239">Thalassemia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ferritin</see-reference>
<site title="African iron overload: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/african-iron-overload">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anemia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anemia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia caused by low iron - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007134.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia caused by low iron - infants and toddlers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007618.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ferritins" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ferritins%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Iron" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Iron%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Anemia or Iron Deficiency" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/anemia.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ferritin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ferritin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ferritin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-ferritina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperferritinemia-cataract-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iron" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iron.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iron.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iron" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iron deficiency anemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000584.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iron in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002422.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iron overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002659.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iron Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/iron-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-hierro/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iron-Deficiency Anemia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/iron-deficiency-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-ferropenica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iron-Deficiency Anemia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ida.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ida.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iron" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Iron%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Serum iron test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003488.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking iron supplements" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007478.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total iron binding capacity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can cause a great deal of discomfort. Learn about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of IBS. " title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="614" language="English" date-created="09/09/1999">
<also-called>IBS</also-called>
<also-called>Irritable colon</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a problem that affects the large intestine. It can cause abdominal cramping, bloating, and a change in bowel habits. Some people with the disorder have constipation. Some have diarrhea. Others go back and forth between the two. Although IBS can cause a great deal of discomfort, it does not harm the intestines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;IBS is  common. It affects about twice as many women as men and is most often found in people younger than 45 years.  No one knows the exact cause of IBS.  There is no specific test for it. Your doctor may run tests to be sure you don't have other diseases. These tests may include stool sampling tests, blood tests, and x-rays. Your doctor may also do a test called a sigmoidoscopy or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopy&lt;/a&gt;.  Most people diagnosed with IBS can control their symptoms with diet, stress management, probiotics, and medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="1983" language="Spanish">Síndrome del intestino irritable</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003109">Colonic Diseases, Functional</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/irritablebowelsyndrome.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>IBS</see-reference>
<site title="7 Tips: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/7-tips-irritable-bowel-syndrome-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calprotectin Stool Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Colonic Diseases, Functional" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Colonic+Diseases,+Functional%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definition and Facts for Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/definition-facts" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/definicion-hechos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/eating-diet-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/alimentos-dietas-nutricion">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gut Troubles: Pain, Gassiness, Bloating, and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Get More Fiber in Your Diet" url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypnosis for IBS" url="https://aboutibs.org/treatment/complimentary-or-alternative-treatments/hypnosis-for-ibs/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="IBS and Non-GI Functional Disorders" url="https://aboutibs.org/what-is-ibs/ibs-and-other-disorders/ibs-and-non-gi-functional-disorders/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="IBS Diet" url="https://aboutibs.org/treatment/ibs-diet/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="IBS in Women" url="https://aboutibs.org/what-is-ibs/ibs-in-women/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="IBS Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000246_40.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000246_95.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="IBS Treatment Options" url="https://aboutibs.org/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="IBS: What You Need To Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ibs-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sii-lo-que-deber-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ibs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ibs.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ibs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360016?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Irritable bowel syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000246.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000246.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/irritable-bowel-syndrome-and-complementary-health-approaches-science">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable-ninos/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/irritable-bowel-syndrome-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low FODMAP diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000984.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications for IBS" url="https://aboutibs.org/treatment/medications-for-ibs/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peppermint Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/peppermint-oil">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post-Infectious IBS (PI-IBS)" url="https://aboutibs.org/what-is-ibs/post-infectious-ibs/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-usefulness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychological Treatments" url="https://aboutibs.org/treatment/psychological-treatments/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colonic+Diseases%2C+Functional%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing Symptoms" url="https://aboutibs.org/signs-and-symptoms/recognizing-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relaxation Techniques to Manage IBS Symptoms" url="https://aboutibs.org/treatment/psychological-treatments/relaxation-techniques-for-ibs/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep and Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://aboutibs.org/signs-and-symptoms/sleep-and-irritable-bowel-syndrome/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spastic Colon: What Does It Mean?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/expert-answers/spastic-colon/FAQ-20058473?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/expert-answers/spastic-colon/faq-20058473?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Take the IBS Test" url="https://s3.gi.org/patients/ibsrelief/ibstest/symptomPDF.pdf">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travel Tips Help IBS Sufferers Enjoy Their Vacations" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/publication-library/travel-tips-help-ibs-sufferers-enjoy-their-vacations/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is IBS?" url="https://aboutibs.org/what-is-ibs/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A stroke is a medical emergency that should be treated immediately. Read about the causes, symptoms and treatments for an ischemic stroke." title="Ischemic Stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" id="6248" language="English" date-created="08/19/2015">
<also-called>Embolic Stroke</also-called>
<also-called>Thrombotic stroke</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; is a medical emergency. There are two types - ischemic and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;hemorrhagic&lt;/a&gt;. Ischemic stroke is the more common type. It is usually caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. This keeps blood from flowing to the brain. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.  Another cause is stenosis, or narrowing of the artery. This can happen because of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;, a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;Transient ischemic attacks&lt;/a&gt; (TIAs) occur when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted briefly. Having a TIA can mean you are at risk for having a more serious stroke.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of stroke are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden severe headache with no known cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;It is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Blood thinners&lt;/a&gt; may be used to stop a stroke while it is happening by quickly dissolving the blood clot. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html"&gt;Post-stroke rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt; can help people overcome disabilities caused by stroke damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html" id="6249" language="Spanish">Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000083242">Ischemic Stroke</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6263">Hemorrhagic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5914">Stroke Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carotid Endarterectomy</see-reference>
<site title="Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adenosine-deaminase-2-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atherosclerosis and Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-risk-factors/atherosclerosis-and-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="CADASIL" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cadasil">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002951.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebral-autosomal-recessive-arteriopathy-with-subcortical-infarcts-and-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Ischemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Brain+Ischemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carotid Stenosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carotid+Stenosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ischemic Stroke" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ischemic+Stroke%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ischemic Stroke (Clots)" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/ischemic-stroke-clots">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Let's Talk about Ischemic Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/lets-talk-about-stroke/type-of-stroke/ds15794_ltas_ischemicstroke_12_20.pdf?la=en" language-mapped-url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/spanish-resources/ltas-ischemic-stroke.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ischemic Stroke" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ischemic+Stroke%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000123.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stroke - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stroke - secondary to cardiogenic embolism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000124.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stroke - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100218_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100218_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stroke Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrombolytic therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007089.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-are-anticoagulants-and-antiplatelet-agents.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://es.heart.org/dheart/HEARTORG/Conditions/What-Are-Anticoagulants-and-Antiplatelet-Agents_UCM_430954_Article.jsp#.V17Sr5MrJo4">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Islets in the pancreas contain beta cells that produce insulin. Islet transplantation is an experimental treatment for type 1 diabetes." title="Islet Cell Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html" id="1511" language="English" date-created="08/07/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Islets are cells found in clusters throughout the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html"&gt;pancreas&lt;/a&gt;. They are made up of several types of cells. One of these is beta cells, which make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body use glucose for energy. Islet cell transplantation transfers cells from an organ donor into the body of another person. It is an experimental treatment for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin. A person who has type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to live. Transplanted islet cells, however, can take over the work of the destroyed cells. The beta cells in these islets will begin to make and release insulin. Researchers hope islet transplantation will help people with type 1 diabetes live without daily insulin injections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html" id="1984" language="Spanish">Trasplante de células de los islotes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016381">Islets of Langerhans Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Islet Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=islet+transplantation&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic Islet Transplantation" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/insulin-medicines-treatments/pancreatic-islet-transplantation" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/insulina-medicamentos-tratamientos/trasplante-islotes-pancreaticos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Islet Cell Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Islets+of+Langerhans+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Islet Transplantation?" url="https://diabetesresearch.org/what-is-islet-transplantation/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Diabetes Research Institute Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pruritis or itchy skin is tingling or irritation that makes you want to scratch the area. It's a symptom of many health conditions. Learn the causes." title="Itching" url="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html" id="3067" language="English" date-created="01/07/2003">
<also-called>Pruritus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is itching?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Itching is an irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch your skin. Sometimes it can feel like pain, but it is different. Often, you feel itchy in one area in your body, but sometimes you may feel itching all over. Along with the itching, you may also have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html"&gt;hives&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes itching?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Itching is a symptom of many health conditions. Some common causes are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;Allergic reactions&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"&gt;food&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insect bites&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html"&gt;pollen&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html"&gt;Skin conditions&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;eczema&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;, and dry skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritating chemicals, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cosmetics.html"&gt;cosmetics&lt;/a&gt;, and other substances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parasites such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html"&gt;pinworms&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html"&gt;scabies&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html"&gt;head&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html"&gt;body lice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Liver&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid&lt;/a&gt; diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancers&lt;/a&gt; or cancer treatments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diseases that can affect the nervous system, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html"&gt;shingles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for itching?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most itching is not serious. To feel better, you could try:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Applying cold compresses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using moisturizing lotions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking lukewarm or oatmeal baths&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream or antihistamines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding scratching, wearing irritating fabrics, and exposure to high heat and humidity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contact your health care provider if your itching is severe, does not go away after a few weeks, or does not have an apparent cause. You may need other treatments, such as medicines or light therapy. If you have an underlying disease that is causing the itching, treating that disease may help.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html" id="3068" language="Spanish">Picazón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011537">Pruritus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Pruritus</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pruritus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pruritus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grover's Disease" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/GroversDisease?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Itching" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003217.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Itchy Bumps on the Skin in Children" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/itchy-bumps-on-the-skin-in-children?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Itchy Hands or Feet" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/itchy-hands-or-feet?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lichen Simplex Chronicus" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/lichen-simplex-chronicus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lichen simplex chronicus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000872.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prurigo Nodularis" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/PrurigoNodularis?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruritis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pruritus/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/prurito-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Itching" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pruritus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rashes (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rashes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rashes.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scratching the Surface on Skin Allergies" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-skin-allergies-scratching-the-surface-patient.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001466.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Makes Us Itch?" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/what-makes-us-itch" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/%BFque-nos-provoca-picazon">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xerosis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/xerosis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Jaundice is a yellow coloring of the skin or eyes caused by too much bilirubin in the body. Jaundice can happen for many reasons. Learn about it here." title="Jaundice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html" id="4452" language="English" date-created="10/16/2006">
<also-called>Icterus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Jaundice causes your skin and the whites of your eyes to turn yellow. Too much bilirubin causes jaundice.  Bilirubin is a yellow chemical in hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen in your red blood cells. As red blood cells break down, your body builds new cells to replace them. The old ones are processed by the liver. If the liver cannot handle the blood cells as they break down, bilirubin builds up in the body and your skin may look yellow. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many healthy babies have some jaundice during the first week of life.  It usually goes away.   However, jaundice can happen at any age and may be a sign of a problem.  Jaundice can happen for many reasons, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Blood diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Genetic syndromes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Liver diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Blockage of bile ducts &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infections &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Medicines &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html" id="4453" language="Spanish">Ictericia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006932">Hyperbilirubinemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html" id="310">Liver Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Icterus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Kernicterus</see-reference>
<site title="ALP isoenzyme test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003497.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Liver Foundation" url="https://liverfoundation.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bili lights" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002394.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003595.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-bilirrubina-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin encephalopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007309.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperbilirubinemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperbilirubinemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Jaundice" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Jaundice%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Kernicterus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Kernicterus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crigler-Najjar syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001127.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crigler-Najjar syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crigler-najjar-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dubin-Johnson syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000242.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dubin-Johnson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dubin-johnson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002923.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gilbert syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000301.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gilbert Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20372811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20372811?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Jaundice" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/infant-jaundice/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ictericia-infantil-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000210.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/illnesses-conditions/jaundice.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice and breastfeeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000995.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000995.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice causes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007491.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice in Newborns" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jaundice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jaundice.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newborn jaundice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001559.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Jaundice" url="https://liverfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Newborn_Jaundice.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newborn jaundice - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newborn jaundice - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000257.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000257.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jaundice" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperbilirubinemia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing Jaundice: Signs That Your Liver Isn't Delivering" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/10/recognizing-jaundice" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-reconocer-la-ictericia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transient familial hyperbilirubinemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001196.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The types of jaw injuries and disorders that can cause problems are dislocations, fractures, misaligned teeth, and more. Learn about them here." title="Jaw Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5536" language="English" date-created="06/09/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your jaw is a set of bones that holds your teeth. It includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;maxilla,&lt;/strong&gt; which is the upper part of your jaw. It holds your top teeth in place and doesn't move. It also supports the muscles involved in chewing and facial expressions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;mandible,&lt;/strong&gt; which is the lower part of your jaw. You move it when you talk or chew. It also holds your lower teeth in place.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;temporomandibular joints&lt;/strong&gt; (TMJs), which are two joints (one on each side) that connect your mandible to your skull.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jaw problems can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocations&lt;/a&gt;, which are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/temporomandibulardisorders.html"&gt;Temporomandibular disorders&lt;/a&gt; (TMDs), which are conditions that affect your TMJs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteonecrosis.html"&gt;Osteonecrosis&lt;/a&gt;, which happens when the blood flow to part of your bone is disrupted. It can cause the bone to break down.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jaw tumors, which can be benign (not cancer) or cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jaw defects, which are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt; in which your jaw could be missing or deformed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Diagnostic imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; are often used to diagnose jaw injuries and disorders. Your treatment will depend on which jaw problem you have.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5537" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mandíbula</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007568">Jaw</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000293">injuries</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007572">Jaw Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007571">Jaw Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2729">Trigeminal Neuralgia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mandibular Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Maxillary Disorders</see-reference>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Joint disorders are caused by diseases and injuries. Treatments and therapies depend on the cause and range from pain relievers to surgery." title="Joint Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/jointdisorders.html" id="4621" language="English" date-created="06/26/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are joints?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your joints are places where two or more bones come together. Your shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and knuckles are all joints. Your spine has joints, too.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;But joints are more than bones. They include the soft tissues around them, such as cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Cartilage is the hard slippery flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. Tendons are tough, flexible bands that connect your muscles to your bones so you can move your joints. Ligaments connect the bones of the joint to each other to keep them stable when you move.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are joint disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Joint disorders are diseases or injuries that affect your joints. Injuries can happen because of overuse of a joint. Or you could have a sudden injury, such as an accident or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injury&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What diseases can affect the joints?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many diseases can affect the joints. They often cause joint pain and make your joints stiff, red, or swollen. Most of them are chronic. That means they last a long time. Some may never go away completely. Some of the diseases that affect the joints include:&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;Arthritis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Arthritis may cause joint pain and swelling. There are many types of this disease. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; is the most common type. Over time, arthritis can cause severe joint damage. It can affect people of all ages. A joint injury when you're young may cause osteoarthritis later in life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;Lupus&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disease&lt;/a&gt; affects many parts of the body and can cause joint and muscle pain. Some types of lupus often cause arthritis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;Sjögren's Syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This autoimmune disease affects glands that make moisture in many parts of the body. The main symptoms are dry eyes and mouth, but it often causes joint pain, too.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments are different depending on the disease. But most treatments include medicines and therapies to relieve pain and other symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What types of joint disorders happen from sudden injuries?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Joint disorders from sudden injuries include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Sprains are stretched or torn ligaments. Acute strains are stretched or torn muscles or tendons that happen from a sudden injury or movement, such as lifting a heavy object.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocated joints&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; A joint is dislocated when the bones are pushed or pulled out of position. A joint dislocation is a medical emergency.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the type of injury. You can treat many sports injuries at home. But you should call your health care provider if you:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a lot of joint pain, swelling or numbness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can't put weight on the joint&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have pain from an old injury with more swelling, an unstable joint, or a joint that isn't normal in another way&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What types of joint disorders happen from overuse?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Overuse injuries usually damage the soft tissues of the joint. They can happen when you work a joint too hard by doing the same movements over and over. For example, you could get an overuse injury from playing a musical instrument, playing sports, or doing certain jobs, such as carpentry or painting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Joint overuse injuries include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; The bursa is a small fluid-filled sac. It works as a pad between the bones of a joint and the moving parts around it, such as muscles, tendons and skin. With bursitis, the bursa becomes irritated and swollen with extra fluid. Overuse is the most common cause, but injuries, infections and other conditions, such as arthritis, can cause bursitis.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This condition happens when you overuse a tendon. It swells and makes the joint painful to move.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic strain.&lt;/strong&gt; A strain becomes chronic when your muscles or tendons stretch or tear slowly over time from repeating the same movements.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The treatments for bursitis, tendinitis, and chronic strain are often the same. They usually include rest, keeping the injured joint higher than your heart, and taking medicine to reduce swelling. Your provider may recommend gentle exercise and other treatment. In some cases, your provider may suggest an injection (a shot) of medicine into the joint. If these do not help, you may need surgery.&lt;/p&gt;
      
&lt;h3&gt;How can I keep my joints healthy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;enough physical activity&lt;/a&gt; is one of the most important things you can do to prevent or slow joint disorders. Activity strengthens the muscles around your joints and helps them work better.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;When you play sports, wear the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html"&gt;right equipment&lt;/a&gt; to protect your joints, such as knee pads. If you already have joint problems, ask your provider what type of activities are best for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1292">Juvenile Arthritis</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html" id="1250">Osteoarthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232">Rheumatoid Arthritis</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657">Wrist Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
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<see-reference>Arthroplasty</see-reference>
<see-reference>Arthroscopy</see-reference>
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<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint Pain: Many Joints" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/symptoms-of-musculoskeletal-disorders/joint-pain-many-joints" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-musculoesquel%C3%A9ticos/dolor-articular-dolor-que-afecta-a-varias-articulaciones">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint Problems" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/joint-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003262.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knuckle Cracking" url="https://www.hopkinsarthritis.org/arthritis-news/knuckle-cracking-q-a-from/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kuskokwim syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kuskokwim-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Limited range of motion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003173.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003173.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orthopedic services" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007455.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondritis Dissecans" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteochondritis-dissecans/symptoms-causes/syc-20375887?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteochondritis-dissecans/symptoms-causes/syc-20375887?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-pseudorheumatoid-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Joint Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Joint+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sacroiliitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sacroiliitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350747?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sacroiliitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350747?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sheldon-Hall syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sheldon-hall-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Steroid injections - tendon, bursa, joint" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007678.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Chondromatosis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/synovial-chondromatosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Fluid Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Synovial fluid analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003629.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/trichorhinophalangeal-syndrome-type-i">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Juvenile arthritis or JA, causes joint swelling, pain, stiffness and loss of motion in children. Learn diagnosis and tests for JA." title="Juvenile Arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1292" language="English" date-created="05/23/2000">
<also-called>Childhood arthritis</also-called>
<also-called>JRA</also-called>
<also-called>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis</also-called>
<also-called>Still's disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Juvenile arthritis (JA) is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt; that happens in children. It causes joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and loss of motion. It can affect any joint, but is more common in the knees, hands, and feet. In some cases it can affect internal organs as well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common type of JA that children get is juvenile idiopathic arthritis. There are several other forms of arthritis affecting children.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One early sign of JA may be limping in the morning. Symptoms can come and go. Some children have just one or two flare-ups. Others have symptoms that never go away. JA can cause growth problems and eye inflammation in some children.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one knows exactly what causes JA. Most types are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disorders&lt;/a&gt;. This means that your immune system, which normally helps your body fight infection, attacks your body's own tissues.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;JA can be hard to diagnose. Your health care provider may do a physical exam, lab tests, and x-rays. A team of providers usually treats JA. Medicines and physical therapy can help maintain movement and reduce swelling and pain. They may also help prevent and treat complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1986" language="Spanish">Artritis juvenil</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001171">Arthritis, Juvenile</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23">Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232">Rheumatoid Arthritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Still's Disease</see-reference>
<site title="ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis by the Numbers: Book of Trusted Facts and Figures" url="https://www.arthritis.org/getmedia/73a9f02d-7f91-4084-91c3-0ed0b11c5814/abtn-2020-final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthrocentesis (Joint Aspiration)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/arthrocentesis.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Arthritis: When Joint Pain Affects Kids" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/05/childhood-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/artritis-infantil">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthritis, Juvenile" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthritis,+Juvenile+Rheumatoid%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enthesitis-Related Juvenile Arthritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enthesitis-jia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Kids on Board with Treatment" url="https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/treatment-plan/disease-management/treatment-plan-adherence-ja-child">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Support Kids with Juvenile Arthritis" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-support-kids-with-juvenile-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-apoyar-a-un-nino-con-artritis-juvenil">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Arthritis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/juvenile-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/artritis-juvenil">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jra.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jra.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile idiopathic arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000451.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/juv-rheumatoid-arthritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/juv-rheumatoid-arthritis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/oligo-jia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/polyarticular-jia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Arthritis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthritis%2C+Juvenile%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rheumatoid-factor-rf-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-factor-reumatoideo-fr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/systemic-jia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Rheumatologist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Rheumatologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-rheumatologist.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/juvenile-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-juvenil">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Kaposi sarcoma or KS is a cancer that causes red or purple patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin. Can spread to organs and cause bleeding." title="Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kaposisarcoma.html" id="481" language="English" date-created="10/18/1999">
<also-called>KS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Kaposi sarcoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kaposi sarcoma, sometimes called KS, is a type of cancer. It causes lesions (abnormal tissue) to grow in different parts of the body, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lymph nodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mucous membranes (the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These lesions are usually red or purple. They are made of cancer cells, new blood vessels, and blood cells. The lesions may begin in more than one place in the body at the same time. This makes Kaposi sarcoma different from other cancers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Kaposi sarcoma and who is more likely to develop it?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kaposi sarcoma is caused by infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). This virus is also called Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Most people infected with this virus don't get Kaposi sarcoma. But certain people who get this virus are more likely to develop one of the types of Kaposi sarcoma:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with weakened immune systems due to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; can develop &lt;strong&gt;epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with weakened immune systems due to medicines they need to take after an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt; can develop &lt;strong&gt;iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older men of Mediterranean or Eastern European Jewish heritage can develop &lt;strong&gt;classic Kaposi sarcoma.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Young men in Africa can develop &lt;strong&gt;endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kaposi sarcoma usually starts out as one or more red, purple, or brown skin lesions on the legs and feet. They are most often on the ankles or soles of the feet. Over time, lesions may form in other parts of the body. The lesions may not cause symptoms. But sometimes the lesions can cause problems, especially as you get more of them and they grow bigger. For example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pressure from the lesions may block the flow of lymph and blood in the legs and cause painful swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If lesions grow in your stomach or intestines, they can &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;bleed&lt;/a&gt; and may cause &lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesions in the lungs can also bleed and may cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Kaposi sarcoma diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out whether you have Kaposi sarcoma, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical and family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order a chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; to look for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; to check for Kaposi sarcoma lesions in the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopy&lt;/a&gt; to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the stomach and intestines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/"&gt;bronchoscopy&lt;/a&gt; to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you do have Kaposi sarcoma, you will likely need blood and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging&lt;/a&gt; tests to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Kaposi sarcoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Which treatment(s) you get will depend on&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The type of Kaposi sarcoma you have&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How many lesions you have and where in the body they are&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What kinds of problems the lesions are causing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your overall health&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For people who have epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma, taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;HIV medicines&lt;/a&gt; may be enough to treat the Kaposi sarcoma. For people who have iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma, changing the dose of the medicines or switching medicines may be helpful. But some people with these types of Kaposi sarcoma will need additional treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The treatment options for Kaposi sarcoma may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cryosurgery, a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kaposisarcoma.html" id="1987" language="Spanish">Sarcoma de Kaposi</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012514">Sarcoma, Kaposi</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kaposisarcoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Kaposi Sarcoma Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Classic Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/kaposi-treatment-pdq#_125" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-kaposi-pdq#section/_121">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sarcoma, Kaposi" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sarcoma,+Kaposi%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/kaposi-sarcoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epidemic Kaposi Sarcoma (HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/kaposi-treatment-pdq#_131" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-kaposi-pdq#section/_137">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/kaposi-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-kaposi-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kaposi sarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000661.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kaposi Sarcoma Stages" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics About Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/about/what-is-key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sarcoma%2C+Kaposi%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions To Ask About Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Kaposi Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Kaposi Sarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/kaposi-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-kaposi-pdq#section/_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Kaposi Sarcoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood disease that makes the walls of the blood vessels in the body become inflamed. Learn what symptoms to look for. " title="Kawasaki Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kawasakidisease.html" id="4921" language="English" date-created="02/11/2009">
<also-called>Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Kawasaki disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kawasaki disease is a rare illness that usually affects small children. Other names for the disease are Kawasaki syndrome and mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. It is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html"&gt;vasculitis&lt;/a&gt;, which is inflammation of the blood vessels. Kawasaki disease is serious, but most children can fully recover if they are treated right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Kawasaki disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kawasaki disease happens when the immune system injures the blood vessels by mistake. Researchers do not fully know why this happens. But when it does, the blood vessels become inflamed and can narrow or close off.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Genetics may play a role in Kawasaki disease. There may also be environmental factors, such as infections. It does not seem to be contagious. This means that it cannot be passed from one child to another.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop Kawasaki disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kawasaki disease usually affects children under the age of 5. But older children and adults can sometimes get it. It is more common in boys than girls. It can affect children of any race, but those with Asian or Pacific Islander descent are more likely to get it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Kawasaki disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of Kawasaki disease may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt; lasting at least five days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt;, often on the back, chest, and groin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen hands and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Redness of the lips, lining of the mouth, tongue, palms of the hand, and soles of the feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html"&gt;Pink eye&lt;/a&gt; (conjunctivitis)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes in the neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contact your child's health care provider if your child has a fever for 4 days, especially if they have any other symptoms of Kawasaki disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can Kawasaki disease cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes Kawasaki disease can affect the walls of the coronary arteries. These arteries bring blood and oxygen to your heart. This can lead to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurysm&lt;/a&gt; (bulging and thinning of the walls of the arteries). This can raise the risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt; in the arteries. If the blood clots are not treated, they could lead to a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt; or internal bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation in the heart.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;Heart valve problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kawasaki disease can also affect other parts of the body, including the brain and nervous system, the immune system, and the digestive system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Kawasaki disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for Kawasaki disease. To find out if your child has Kawasaki disease, your child's provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, which includes looking at the signs and symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order blood and urine tests to rule out other diseases and check for signs of inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;tests&lt;/a&gt; to check for damage to the heart, such as an echocardiogram and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;electrocardiogram&lt;/a&gt; (EKG)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Kawasaki disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kawasaki disease is usually treated in the hospital with an intravenous (IV) dose of immunoglobulin (IVIG) antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight infections.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Aspirin may also be part of the treatment. But do not give your child aspirin unless the health care provider tells you to. Aspirin can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;Reye syndrome&lt;/a&gt; in children. This is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment usually works. But if it is not working well enough, the provider may also give your child other medicines to fight the inflammation. If the disease affects your child's heart, they might need additional medicines, surgery, or other medical procedures.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kawasakidisease.html" id="4922" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Kawasaki</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009080">Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kawasakidisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html" id="1424">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mucocutaneous+Lymph+Node+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000989.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000989.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kawasaki.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kawasaki.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki Disease in Infants &amp; Young Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/heart/Pages/Kawasaki-Disease.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/heart/paginas/kawasaki-disease.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki Disease: Complications and Treatment" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/kawasaki-disease/kawasaki-disease-complications-and-treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kawasaki-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki Disease: Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/kawasaki-disease/kawasaki-disease-signs-symptoms--diagnosis">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mucocutaneous+Lymph+Node+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Kawasaki Disease?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Answers-by-Heart/What-is-Kawasaki-Disease.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Kidney cancer symptoms are hard to detect at first but they do exist. Read more about the top 5 symptoms and the treatment options available" title="Kidney Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html" id="301" language="English" date-created="03/26/1999">
<also-called>Hypernephroma</also-called>
<also-called>Renal cancer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You have two kidneys. They are fist-sized organs on either side of your backbone above your waist. The tubes inside filter and clean your blood, taking out waste products and making urine.  Kidney cancer forms in the lining of tiny tubes inside your kidneys. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Kidney cancer becomes more likely as you age. Risk factors include smoking, having certain genetic conditions, and misusing pain medicines for a long time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may have no symptoms at first. They may appear as the cancer grows. See your health care provider if you notice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood in your urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in your abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in your side that does not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;Tests&lt;/a&gt; to diagnose kidney cancer include blood, urine, and imaging tests. You may also have a biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on your age, your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, biologic, or targeted therapies.  Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html" id="1988" language="Spanish">Cáncer de riñón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007680">Kidney Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91">Kidney Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilmstumor.html" id="3075">Wilms Tumor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hypernephroma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renal Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ablation and Other Local Therapy for Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/ablation.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/ablacion.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Kidney Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/birt-hogg-dube-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Kidney Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer of the Kidney and Renal Pelvis" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/kidrp.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Renal Cell" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma,+Renal+Cell%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Kidney Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Kidney+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cytology exam of urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003905.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003905.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/kidney">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Renal Cell Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-rinon-pdq#_198">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobinuria test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary Kidney Cancer Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-genetics-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/genetica-de-rinon-pdq">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics About Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
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<site title="Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/kidney-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352664?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Cancer Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-cancer/es/about/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Kidney removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003001.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Kidney Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Liquid Biopsy Detects Brain Cancer and Early-Stage Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/liquid-biopsy-kidney-brain-cancer">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Living as a Kidney Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Kidney Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Kidney+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Questions to Ask about Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="RBC urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm">
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<site title="Renal arteriography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003781.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Renal cell carcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000516.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Renal pelvis or ureter cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000525.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Renal scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003790.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Renal venogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003770.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Renal Cell Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-rinon-pdq#section/_88">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Targeted Therapy - Immunotherapy Combinations Effective for Advanced Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/kidney-cancer-immunotherapy-targeted-therapy-combination">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Targeted Therapy for Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/treating/targeted-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/tratamiento/terapia-dirigida.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Kidney Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Renal Cell Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Renal (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/renal-ultrasound.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003906.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003906.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine - bloody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Kidney Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Kidney Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/about/what-is-kidney-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-rinon.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Kidney Cancer Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-rinon/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wilms' Tumor: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilmstumor.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilmstumor.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are kidney cysts that enlarge kidneys and make them work poorly, leading to kidney failure. Learn about PKD symptoms" title="Kidney Cysts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html" id="5808" language="English" date-created="06/28/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; A cyst is a fluid-filled sac. You may get simple kidney cysts as you age; they are usually harmless. There are also some diseases which cause kidney cysts. One type is polycystic kidney disease (PKD). It runs in families. In PKD, many cysts grow in the kidneys. This can enlarge the kidneys and make them work poorly. About half of people with the most common type of PKD end up with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;. PKD also causes cysts in other parts of the body, such as the liver. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, there are no symptoms at first. Later, symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the back and lower sides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood in the urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose PKD with imaging &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;tests&lt;/a&gt; and family history. There is no cure. Treatments can help with symptoms and complications. They include medicines and lifestyle changes, and if there is kidney failure, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;kidney transplants&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) happens in people who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, especially if they are on dialysis. Unlike PKD, the kidneys are normal sized, and cysts do not form in other parts of the body. ACKD often has no symptoms. Usually, the cysts are harmless and do not need treatment. If they do cause complications, treatments include medicines, draining the cysts, or surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html" id="5809" language="Spanish">Quistes renales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D052177">Kidney Diseases, Cystic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91">Kidney Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302">Kidney Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299">Kidney Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cystic Kidney Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Polycystic Kidney Disease</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/acquired-cystic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000465.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Kidney Diseases, Cystic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Kidney+Diseases,+Cystic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Polycystic Kidney Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Polycystic+Kidney+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Cysts" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/kidney-cysts/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/quistes-en-los-rinones-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meckel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meckel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medullary cystic kidney disease type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/medullary-cystic-kidney-disease-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medullary Sponge Kidney" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/medullary-sponge-kidney">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/multicystic-dysplastic-kidney">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nephronophthisis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nephronophthisis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/polycystic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic kidney disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000502.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/polycystic-kidney-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/poliquistosis-renal-pqr-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic kidney disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/polycystic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Cysts" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Kidney+Diseases%2C+Cystic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renal Cysts" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/renal-cyst" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/renal-cyst">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Simple Kidney Cysts" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/simple-kidney-cysts" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/quistes-renales-simples">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Properly functioning kidneys are critical for maintaining good health. Diabetes, high blood pressure, or family history can increase risk of kidney disease." title="Kidney Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91" language="English" date-created="01/01/1999">
<also-called>Renal disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. They are near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. Inside each kidney there are about a million tiny structures called nephrons. They filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine.  The urine flows through tubes called ureters. It goes to your bladder, which stores the urine until you go to the bathroom.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most kidney diseases attack the nephrons. This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes. Causes can include genetic problems, injuries, or medicines. You have a higher risk of kidney disease if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, or a close family member with kidney disease. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt; damages the nephrons slowly over several years. Other kidney problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html"&gt;Cysts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html"&gt;Stones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor can do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;blood and urine tests&lt;/a&gt; to check if you have kidney disease. If your kidneys &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;fail&lt;/a&gt;, you will need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;kidney transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los riñones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007674">Kidney Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneydiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5987">Chronic Kidney Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1559">Diabetic Kidney Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html" id="301">Kidney Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html" id="5808">Kidney Cysts</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302">Kidney Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html" id="1224">Kidney Stones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299">Kidney Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html" id="4889">Urine and Urination</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nephritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Polycystic Kidney Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renal Disease</see-reference>
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<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
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<site title="National Kidney Foundation" url="https://www.kidney.org/">
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<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1">
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<site title="Nephrotic Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nephrotic-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nephrotic-syndrome.html">
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<site title="Nephrotic syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000490.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<site title="Nephrotic Syndrome in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/nephrotic-syndrome-children">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Phosphorus and Your Diet" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/phosphorus-and-your-diet">
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<site title="Proximal renal tubular acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000497.htm">
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<site title="Kidney Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Kidney+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Reflux nephropathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000459.htm">
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<site title="REN-related kidney disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ren-related-kidney-disease">
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<site title="Renal hypouricemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/renal-hypouricemia">
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<site title="Renal papillary necrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000488.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Renal perfusion scintiscan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003831.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Renal Tubular Acidosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/renal-tubular-acidosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/renal-tubular-acidosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Renal Tubular Acidosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/renal-tubular-acidosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Renal tubular acidosis with deafness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/renal-tubular-acidosis-with-deafness">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Renal tubular dysgenesis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/renal-tubular-dysgenesis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Renal vein thrombosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000513.htm">
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<site title="Senior-Løken syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/senior-loken-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Solitary Kidney" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/solitary-kidney">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Townes-Brocks Syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/townes-brocks-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ultrasound: Renal (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/renal-ultrasound.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<site title="UPJ obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001267.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Urinalysis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Uromodulin-associated kidney disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-tubulointerstitial-kidney-disease-umod">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Healthy kidneys clean your blood by removing excess from your body. But if kidneys are damaged, they won't work properly. Read about the treatments." title="Kidney Failure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302" language="English" date-created="01/27/1999">
<also-called>ESRD</also-called>
<also-called>End-stage renal disease</also-called>
<also-called>Renal failure</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Healthy kidneys clean your blood by removing excess fluid, minerals, and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. But if the kidneys are damaged, they don't work properly. Harmful wastes can build up in your body. Your blood pressure may rise. Your body may retain excess fluid and not make enough red blood cells. This is called kidney failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your kidneys fail, you need treatment to replace the work they normally do. The treatment options are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;kidney transplant&lt;/a&gt;. Each treatment has benefits and drawbacks. No matter which treatment you choose, you'll need to make some changes in your life, including how you eat and plan your activities. But with the help of health care providers, family, and friends, most people with kidney failure can lead full and active lives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990" language="Spanish">Insuficiencia renal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007676">Kidney Failure, Chronic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneyfailure.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html" id="5987">Chronic Kidney Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1559">Diabetic Kidney Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html" id="3789">Dialysis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html" id="301">Kidney Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html" id="5808">Kidney Cysts</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91">Kidney Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299">Kidney Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>ESRD</see-reference>
<see-reference>End-Stage Renal Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Renal Failure</see-reference>
<site title="Acute kidney failure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000501.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Kidney Failure" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20369048?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute tubular necrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000512.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alport syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alport-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/amyloidosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/anemia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Treatment for Kidney Failure" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/choosing-treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Treatment for Kidney Failure" url="https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/11-10-0352_choosing_treatment_kidney_failure.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Kidney Failure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Kidney+Failure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Kidney Failure, Chronic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Kidney+Failure,+Chronic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Kidney Failure, End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)" url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/kidney-failure-symptoms-and-causes">
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<site title="MRI: Is Gadolinium Safe for People with Kidney Problems?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1">
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<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
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<site title="National Kidney Foundation" url="https://www.kidney.org/">
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<site title="Renal Diet for Vegetarians: What about Protein?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1">
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<site title="Urine 24-hour volume" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm">
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<site title="Vaccines for Adults with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Kidney Failure, or Kidney Transplant" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/vaccines-adults-advanced-chronic-kidney-disease-kidney-failure-or-kidney-transplant">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Kidney stones (or nephrolithiasis) symptoms include vomiting, blood in your urine and more. Find a full list of symptoms and treatments available" title="Kidney Stones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html" id="1224" language="English" date-created="03/28/2000">
<also-called>Nephrolithiasis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. But sometimes a stone will not go away. It may get stuck in the urinary tract, block the flow of urine and cause great pain. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The following may be signs of kidney stones that need a doctor's help:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Blood in your urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fever and chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	A burning feeling when you urinate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose a kidney stone with urine, blood, and imaging &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a stone that won't pass on its own, you may need treatment. It can be done with shock waves; with a scope inserted through the tube that carries urine out of the body, called the urethra; or with surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<descriptor id="D053040">Nephrolithiasis</descriptor>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nephrolithiasis</see-reference>
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<site title="Definition and Facts for Kidney Stones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-stones/definition-facts">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for Kidney Stones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-stones/eating-diet-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/piedras-rinones/alimentos-dietas-nutricion">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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<site title="Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease">
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<site title="Kidney Stones" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-stones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Stones (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidney-stones.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidney-stones.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Kidney stones - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Kidney stones - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000186.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000186.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Kidney stones and lithotripsy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000136.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000136.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Kidney Stones in Children" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-stones-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Kidney Stones in Children and Teens" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Kidney-Stones-in-Children-and-Teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/paginas/kidney-stones-in-children-and-teens.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
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<site title="Kidney stones: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kidney-stones">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">
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<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lithotripsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007113.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Lithotripsy" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/lithotripsy">
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<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Kidney Foundation" url="https://www.kidney.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pebbles in Your Plumbing: Flushing Kidney Stones" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/06/pebbles-your-plumbing" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/guijarros-en-la-caneria">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous kidney procedures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy/Nephrolithotripsy" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/percutaneous-nephrolithotomy-nephrolithotripsy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Your kidneys filter and clean your blood. Read about the blood, urine, and imaging tests that doctors use to diagnose and monitor kidney diseases." title="Kidney Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382" language="English" date-created="08/10/2016">
<also-called>Kidney Function Panel</also-called>
<also-called>Kidney Function Tests</also-called>
<also-called>Kidney Panel</also-called>
<also-called>Renal Function Panel</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You have two kidneys. They are fist-sized organs on either side of your backbone above your waist. Your kidneys filter and clean your blood, taking out waste products and making urine. Kidney tests check to see how well your kidneys are working. They include blood, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html"&gt;urine&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging&lt;/a&gt; tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Early &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt; usually does not have signs or symptoms. Testing is the only way to know how your kidneys are doing. It is important for you to get checked for kidney disease if you have the key risk factors - diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or a family history of kidney failure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Specific kidney tests include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glomerular-filtration-rate-gfr-test/"&gt;Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)&lt;/a&gt; - one of the most common blood tests to check for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;. It tells how well your kidneys are filtering.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/"&gt;Creatinine blood and urine tests&lt;/a&gt; - check the levels of creatinine, a waste product that your kidneys remove from your blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Albumin urine test - checks for albumin, a protein that can pass into the urine if the kidneys are damaged&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Imaging tests, such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; - provide pictures of the kidneys. The pictures help the health care provider see the size and shape of the kidneys, and check for anything unusual.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kidney &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; - a procedure that involves taking a small piece of kidney tissue for examination with a microscope. It checks for the cause of kidney disease and how damaged your kidneys are.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" id="6383" language="Spanish">Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007677">Kidney Function Tests</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneytests.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneytests.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneytests.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneytests.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneytests.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneytests.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kidneytests.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html" id="301">Kidney Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91">Kidney Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Kidney Biopsy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Kidney Function Tests</see-reference>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creatinine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Glomerular filtration rate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007305.htm">
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Protein electrophoresis - serum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Protein Electrophoresis by Immunofixation Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-inmunofijacion/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Tests" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Kidney+Function+Tests%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="RBC urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Renal arteriography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003781.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Renal perfusion scintiscan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003831.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Renal scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003790.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Renal venogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003770.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TBG blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testing for Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/testing/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/spanish/publications-resources/kidney-tests.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/tests-kidney-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/es/todo-sobre-los-rinones/las-pruebas-de-deteccion-de-la-enfermedad-renal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Kidney Fund</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003483.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total Protein and Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/total-protein-and-albumin-globulin-a-g-ratio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/proteinas-totales-y-relacion-albumina-globulinaa-g/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urea nitrogen urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003605.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uric acid - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003476.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinalysis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary casts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003586.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine 24-hour volume" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein dipstick test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein electrophoresis test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Read more about the process and details of a kidney transplantation and how they may affect your body." title="Kidney Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299" language="English" date-created="06/02/2000">
<also-called>Renal transplantation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A kidney transplant is an operation that places a healthy kidney in your body. The transplanted kidney takes over the work of the two kidneys that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;failed&lt;/a&gt;, so you no longer need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During a transplant, the surgeon places the new kidney in your lower abdomen and connects the artery and vein of the new kidney to your artery and vein. Often, the new kidney will start making urine as soon as your blood starts flowing through it. But sometimes it takes a few weeks to start working. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many transplanted kidneys come from donors who have died. Some come from a living family member. The wait for a new kidney can be long.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a transplant, you must take drugs for the rest of your life, to keep your body from rejecting the new kidney.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1992" language="Spanish">Trasplante de riñón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016030">Kidney Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html" id="5808">Kidney Cysts</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91">Kidney Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html" id="302">Kidney Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462">Organ Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Renal Transplantation</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Kidney Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=kidney+transplantation&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Transplantation" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/diet-and-transplantation" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/atoz/content/nutritrans">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Professionals Treat Kidney Failure in Children?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children#kidney">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="If You Have Kidney Disease, You Need to Get a Flu Shot this Fall" url="https://www.kidney.org/news-stories/if-you-have-kidney-disease-you-need-to-get-flu-shot-fall">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunosuppressants (Anti-rejection Medicines)" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/immunosuppressants-anti-rejection-medicines">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Facts" url="https://transplantliving.org/kidney/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Transplant" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-transplant" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/11-10-7720_IBH_PatBro_BigAsk_KT_SPAN.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Transplant" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/kidney-transplant" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/trasplante?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/transplante">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Transplant" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/kidney-transplant/about/pac-20384777?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003005.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100087_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100087_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidney-Pancreas Transplant" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-pancreas-transplant">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Kidney Foundation" url="https://www.kidney.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network" url="https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Kidney Disease" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/pregnancy-and-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein-Based Urine Test Predicts Kidney Transplant Outcomes" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/protein-based-urine-test-predicts-kidney-transplant-outcomes">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Kidney+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Solitary Kidney" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/solitary-kidney">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The SRTR/OPTN Annual Data Report" url="https://www.srtr.org/reports/optnsrtr-annual-data-report/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transplants for All" url="https://www.kidney.org/transplantation">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travel Tips: A Guide for Kidney Patients" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/travel-tips-guide-kidney-patients">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines for Adults with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Kidney Failure, or Kidney Transplant" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/vaccines-adults-advanced-chronic-kidney-disease-kidney-failure-or-kidney-transplant">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Kidneys and How They Work" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a condition that occurs in men who have an extra X chromosome. Read about the common symptoms and treatments. " title="Klinefelter Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/klinefeltersyndrome.html" id="1524" language="English" date-created="08/16/2001">
<also-called>XXY male</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic condition&lt;/a&gt; that happens when a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. KS can affect different stages of physical, language, and social development. It also usually causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;KS is not inherited. It's caused by a random error that happens when a sperm or egg is formed. This error causes a male to be born with an extra X chromosome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chromosomes are tiny "packages" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works. Normally, you're born with a set of 46 chromosomes in each cell, two of which are the sex chromosomes. Females usually have two X chromosomes (XX), and males usually have one X and one Y (XY). In KS, the male usually has two X chromosomes and one Y (XXY).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, a male could have XY in some cells and XXY in other cells. This is called mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Males with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome may have fewer symptoms, depending on the number of XY cells they have in their bodies and where those cells are located.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some males with KS may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. So they might not know that they have KS, or they might not get diagnosed with it right away. In other cases, the symptoms can be more severe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Boys with KS may be taller than other boys their age, with more fat around the belly. After puberty, they may have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smaller testes and penis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breast growth (called gynecomastia)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Less facial and body hair&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduced muscle tone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Narrower shoulders and wider hips&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weaker bones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased sexual interest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many of these symptoms happen because of low testosterone in the body. Testosterone is the main male sex &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormone&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Boys with KS may also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;learning&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;language&lt;/a&gt; problems. These problems may affect them socially, so they may be shy and quiet and can have trouble fitting in.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most males with KS are infertile because they make little or no sperm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Klinefelter syndrome (KS) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
A genetic test called a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/"&gt;karyotype test&lt;/a&gt; can diagnose KS. This test can show if there are abnormal chromosomes, including if there is an extra X chromosome.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for KS, but treatments are available. The sooner the treatment is started, the better.  If treatment is started by early puberty, it will likely help in reducing the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for KS may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Testosterone replacement therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery to remove or reduce breasts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical, speech, behavioral, and occupational therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;fertility treatments&lt;/a&gt; may help men with KS father children.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/klinefeltersyndrome.html" id="1993" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Klinefelter</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007713">Klinefelter Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/klinefeltersyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<site title="48,XXXY syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/48xxxy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="49,XXXXY syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/49xxxxy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Klinefelter Syndrome" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Klinefelter Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Klinefelter Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Klinefelter+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Klinefelter Syndrome (KS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Karyotyping" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003935.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klinefelter syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000382.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klinefelter Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/klinefelter-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353949?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klinefelter Syndrome (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/klinefelter.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/klinefelter.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klinefelter syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/klinefelter-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Other Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/more_information/other-faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Klinefelter Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Klinefelter+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Symptoms of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Symptoms in Klinefelter Syndrome (KS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Knee injuries and knee disorders can cause pain, swelling and stiffness. Knee problems can be affected by rheumatic diseases and cartilage damage." title="Knee Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your knee joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the knee joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have knee problems. Knee problems can cause pain and difficulty walking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Knee problems are very common, and they occur in people of all ages. Knee problems can interfere with many things, from participation in sports to simply getting up from a chair and walking. This can have a big impact on your life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common disease affecting the knee is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt;. The cartilage in the knee gradually wears away, causing pain and swelling.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Injuries to ligaments and tendons also cause knee problems. A common injury is to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). You usually injure your ACL by a sudden twisting motion. ACL and other knee injuries are common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment of knee problems depends on the cause. In some cases your doctor may recommend &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html"&gt;knee replacement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059549">Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007718">Knee Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html" id="3924">Knee Replacement</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="509">Leg Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>ACL Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury</see-reference>
<see-reference>Baker's Cyst</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chondromalacia Patellae</see-reference>
<see-reference>Meniscus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Patella</see-reference>
<site title="ACL Injury" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/acl-injuries/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACL Injury: Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acl-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350744?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACL reconstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007208.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACL reconstruction - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000189.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000189.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior crucate ligament (ACL) injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001074.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acl-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acl-injuries.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000681.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000681.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior cruciate ligament repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100230_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100230_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior knee pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000452.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baker cyst" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001222.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Baker Cyst" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/baker-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20369950?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken kneecap - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000582.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anterior+Cruciate+Ligament%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anterior+Cruciate+Ligament+Reconstruction%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Articular Cartilage Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cartilage,+Articular%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Knee Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=knee+injuries&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Menisci, Tibial" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Menisci,+Tibial%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Patella Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Patella%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collateral ligament (CL) injury -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000671.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor in American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons" url="https://findadoctor.aahks.net">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting your home ready - knee or hip surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iliotibial band syndrome -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000683.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jumper's Knee" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee arthroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002972.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002972.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Arthroscopy" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/knee-arthroscopy/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee arthroscopy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000199.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee arthroscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100117_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100117_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Bracing: What Works?" url="https://familydoctor.org/knee-bracing-what-works/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/rodilleras-que-funciona/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007345.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/knee-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/knee-injuries.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee microfracture surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007255.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/kneemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/kneemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007361.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003187.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Pain Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003187_56.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003187_92.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/knee-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-rodilla/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/knee-conditioning-program/knee-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Replacement: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kneecap dislocation - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mcl-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mcl-injuries.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniscal allograft transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007209.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniscus Tears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meniscus-tear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meniscus-tear.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniscus tears - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osgood-Schlatter Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/osgood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/osgood.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osgood-Schlatter disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001258.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osgood-Schlatter Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osgood-schlatter-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-osgood-schlatter-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osgood-Schlatter Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osgood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/osgood.html.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondritis Dissecans" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteochondritis-dissecans/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteocondritis-disecante-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteochondritis Dissecans (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteotomy of the knee" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007499.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patellar Tendinitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/patellar-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376113?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/patellar-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376113?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-dolor-patelofemoral-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pigmented-villonodular-synovitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinovitis-vellonodular-pigmentada-pvns-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000680.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee injuries and disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Knee+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Anterior+Cruciate+Ligament+Reconstruction%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Runner's Knee" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/runners-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/runners-knee.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swollen Knee (Water on the Knee)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swollen-knee/symptoms-causes/syc-20378129?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/swollen-knee/symptoms-causes/syc-20378129?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tibial osteotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100223_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100223_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Knee" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-knee.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Knee replacement surgery (or knee arthroplasty) provides artificial knees in place of your damaged knees to restore function and relieve pain. " title="Knee Replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html" id="3924" language="English" date-created="09/20/2004">
<also-called>Knee arthroplasty</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is knee replacement surgery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Knee replacement surgery is a surgery to replace parts of your knee joint with new, artificial parts. You may need a knee replacement if you have knee damage that causes severe pain and difficulty doing daily activities, such as walking and climbing stairs. It is usually done when other treatments for knee pain haven't helped enough. The goal of a knee replacement is to relieve pain and help you move better.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;People of all ages may have knee replacement surgery. But it is more common in older people. The decision whether to have surgery is based on your overall health and how much your knee bothers you.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What conditions does knee replacement surgery treat?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Knee replacement surgery treats conditions that cause the cartilage of the knee joint to wear away. These include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Knee &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This is the most common reason for knee replacement surgery. It usually develops over time after an injury or with aging.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Knee damage from other types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems from &lt;strong&gt;knee joints that aren't formed correctly&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens during knee replacement surgery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During the surgery, a surgeon removes damaged cartilage and some bone from the surfaces of your knee joint. Cartilage is tissue that covers your bones where they meet. Healthy cartilage is smooth and helps the bones glide over each other when you move. When cartilage becomes rough and wears away, the bones rub against each other, causing pain.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;After removing the damaged knee cartilage and bone, the surgeon attaches the artificial parts to your bones. The artificial parts are made of metal and plastic. They will give your knee new, smooth surfaces.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Knee replacement surgery may replace all the damaged parts of your knee (total knee replacement) or just part of your knee (partial knee replacement). In a total knee replacement, the surgeon replaces 3 surfaces:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The end of the shinbone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The end of the thighbone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The back of the kneecap&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens after knee replacement surgery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people go home the same day they have surgery. Other people will stay in the hospital a few days. To help prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt;, you'll most likely take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt; and wear special socks or coverings on your legs for a short time after surgery.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The success of your surgery depends a lot on what you do at home to help yourself recover. A physical therapist will teach you exercises to make your knee stronger and help it bend. It is important to do these exercises regularly. You may need to use a cane or walker for several weeks after the surgery. It will probably also be several weeks before you can drive. Your doctor will tell you when you can start driving again.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people who follow their recovery instructions can get back to nearly all of their normal daily activities within 3 to 6 weeks after surgery.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What is life like after a knee replacement?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After recovering from surgery, most people can move better with less pain than before surgery. But having an artificial knee is not the same as having a normal, healthy knee.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You need to protect your new knee by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying at a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not doing any high-impact activities, such as jogging, running, and jumping. Instead, you can try low-impact activities that are good for your knee, such as walking, biking, and swimming&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of knee replacement surgery?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The chance of having problems after knee replacement surgery is low. But there are risks after any surgery. Possible problems after knee replacement surgery include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood clots&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;Heart attack&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nerve damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Scarring that limits how far you can bend your knee&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your age, general health, and how active you are can all affect your risk of having a problem after knee replacement surgery.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How long does a knee replacement last?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A knee replacement doesn't last forever. After 15 to 20 years, the artificial knee parts may become loose or worn. If that happens, you may need another surgery on the same knee.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you're thinking about having knee replacement surgery, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits. Together you can decide if a knee replacement is right for you.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html" id="3925" language="Spanish">Reemplazo de rodilla</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019645">Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/kneereplacement.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304">Knee Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arthroplasty</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthroplasty" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthroplasty%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Knee Replacement" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=knee+replacement&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding to have knee or hip replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep Vein Thrombosis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor in American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons" url="https://findadoctor.aahks.net">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting your home ready - knee or hip surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip or knee replacement - after - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip or knee replacement - before - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee joint replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002974.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee joint replacement - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000170.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee joint replacement - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100088_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100088_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/knee-conditioning-program/knee-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Replacement" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partial knee replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007256.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Partial knee replacement - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100225_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100225_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Blood Clots After Orthopaedic Surgery" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/preventing-blood-clots-after-orthopaedic-surgery-video/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Knee Replacement" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthroplasty%2C+Replacement%2C+Knee%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Total Knee Replacement" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-knee-replacement/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/treatment/reemplazo-total-de-rodilla-total-knee-replacement">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El paladar hendido y el labio leporino sucede en los primeros meses de embarazo. Un bebé puede tener paladar hendido o labio leporino o ambos. " title="Labio leporino y paladar hendido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="1825" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El paladar hendido y el labio leporino son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;.  Ocurre cuando el labio superior y el paladar no se desarrollan correctamente. Esto sucede en los primeros meses de embarazo.  Un bebé puede tener paladar hendido o labio leporino o ambos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El labio leporino ocurre cuando el tejido que forma el paladar y el labio superior no se unen antes del nacimiento. Esto causa una abertura en el labio superior. Esta abertura puede ser pequeña o puede ser una grande que va desde el labio hasta la nariz. Puede ser en un lado u otro del labio, o con menor frecuencia, en el medio del labio.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Algunos niños con labio leporino pueden tener el paladar hendido. Esto sucede cuando el tejido que forma el paladar no se une correctamente. Algunos bebés pueden tener estas hendiduras en la parte de adelante o atrás del paladar. Otros solo tienen una parte del paladar hendida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños con esta afección pueden tener problemas para comer o hablar. También pueden tener infecciones de oídos, pérdida de audición y problemas con sus dientes. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, una cirugía puede cerrar el labio y el paladar. La cirugía para el labio leporino se hace, generalmente, antes de los 12 meses de edad. La cirugía para el paladar hendido se realiza antes de los 18 meses. Muchos niños pueden tener otras complicaciones. Pueden necesitar otras cirugías, cuidado dental y ortodoncia y terapia del habla cuando crezcan.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con hendiduras orofaciales tienen buenos resultados y una vida saludable. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;  Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="191" language="English">Cleft Lip and Palate</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<site title="Alimentar a su hijo con fisura labiopalatina (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/clefts-feeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/clefts-feeding.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras reparación de labio leporino y paladar hendido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000004.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de labio y paladar hendido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100010_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100010_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fisura oral y/o faciales" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/fisuras-orales-y-o-faciales.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hendiduras orofaciales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/orofacial-clefts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/orofacial-clefts.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Labio hendido y paladar hendido" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/labio-hendido-y-paladar-hendido.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labio leporino (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cleft-lip.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cleft-lip.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labio leporino y hendidura del paladar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labio leporino y hendidura del paladar: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370990?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labio leporino y paladar hendido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001051.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paladar hendido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cleft-palate.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cleft-palate.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paladar hendido submucoso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/submucous-cleft-palate.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paladar hendido y labio leporino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cleft-palate-cleft-lip.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cleft-palate-cleft-lip.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de labio leporino y paladar hendido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002979.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002979.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Aarskog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001654.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de deleción del cromosoma 22q11.2 (Síndrome de DiGeorge)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/22q11-deletion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/22q11-deletion.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de DiGeorge (síndrome de deleción del cromosoma 22q11.2)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/digeorge-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353543?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Laboratory tests help doctors determine what is going on within your body. Many factors affect test results. Find a list of those factors." title="Laboratory Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/laboratorytests.html" id="210" language="English" date-created="02/03/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, or body tissues. A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples to see if your results fall within the normal range. The tests use a range because what is normal differs from person to person. Many factors affect test results. These include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Your sex, age and race&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	What you eat and drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Medicines you take&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	How well you followed pre-test instructions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor may also compare your results to results from previous tests. Laboratory tests are often part of a routine checkup to look for changes in your health. They also help doctors diagnose medical conditions, plan or evaluate treatments, and monitor diseases. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/laboratorytests.html" id="1996" language="Spanish">Pruebas de laboratorio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019411">Clinical Laboratory Techniques</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/laboratorytests.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/laboratorytests.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308">A1C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" id="6351">Blood Count Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104">Diagnostic Imaging</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382">Kidney Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html" id="6371">Thyroid Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" id="6355">Urinalysis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Tests</see-reference>
<site title="Accredited Laboratory and Biorepository Directory" url="https://www.cap.org/laboratory-improvement/accreditation/accredited-laboratory-and-biorepository-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>College of American Pathologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="At-Home Medical Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Basic Blood Chemistry Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest5.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biobanks (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biobanks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biobanks.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Culture" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest3.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hematologic Tests" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hematologic+Tests%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urinalysis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urinalysis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Differential Diagnosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/differential-diagnosis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/diagnostico-diferencial/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fasting for a Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ayunar-para-una-prueba-de-sangre/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting a Blood Test (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-tests.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting a Urine Test (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/video-urtest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-urtest.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Home Use Tests: Glossary" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-use-tests/home-use-tests-glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Cancer is Diagnosed" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/diagnostico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Cope with Medical Test Anxiety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Prepare for a Lab Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-prepare-for-a-lab-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-prepararse-para-una-prueba-de-laboratorio/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Prepare Your Child for a Lab Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-a-lab-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-preparar-a-su-hijo-para-una-prueba-de-laboratorio/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Read Your Pathology Report" url="https://www.cap.org/member-resources/patient-education/how-to-read-your-pathology-report">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>College of American Pathologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Understand Your Lab Results" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-entender-el-resultado-de-sus-pruebas-de-laboratorio/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How You Can Get the Best Results with Home Use Tests" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-use-tests/how-you-can-get-best-results-home-use-tests">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lab Test Information" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laboratory Tests" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Clinical+Laboratory+Techniques%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reading Your Pathology Report" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANDKgo6ptrU">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>College of American Pathologists</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests Used In Clinical Care" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/tests-used-clinical-care">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Blood Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-test-types.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venous Sampling" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venous-sampling" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/venous-sampling">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know About Blood Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La lactancia materna ofrece a su bebé los nutrientes que necesita y puede protegerlo contra algunas enfermedades. Todos los beneficios aquí." title="Lactancia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html" id="1788" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Amamantamiento</also-called>
<also-called>Amamantar</also-called>
<also-called>Darle el pecho al bebé</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; La lactancia materna ofrece muchos beneficios para su bebé. La leche materna contiene el equilibrio adecuado de nutrientes para ayudar a que el bebé crezca y se convierta en un niño fuerte y sano. Algunos de los nutrientes de la leche materna también ayudan a proteger al niño de algunas enfermedades e infecciones comunes. También puede beneficiar a la salud de la madre. Algunos tipos de cáncer pueden ocurrir con menos frecuencia en las madres que amamantaron a sus bebés.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las mujeres que no tienen problemas de salud deben intentar amamantar a sus bebés por al menos los primeros seis meses de vida. La mayoría de las mujeres con problemas de salud pueden amamantar. Hay raras excepciones cuando se aconseja a las mujeres no amamantar porque tienen ciertas enfermedades. Algunos medicamentos, las drogas ilegales y el alcohol también pasan a través de la leche materna y pueden dañar al niño. Consulte con su médico si tiene preocupaciones sobre si debe amamantar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted está teniendo problemas con la lactancia, contacte a un especialista en lactancia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html" id="175" language="English">Breastfeeding</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Amamantar</see-reference>
<site title="Alcohol y la leche materna" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/alcohol-breast-milk.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Alcohol-Breast-Milk.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias de los bebés y sensibilidades a los alimentos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/infant-allergies-and-food-sensitivities.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Infant-Allergies-and-Food-Sensitivities.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación de su bebé en la NICU" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/alimentar-a-su-bebe-en-la-nicu.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/neonatal-intensive-care-unit-nicu/feeding-your-baby-nicu">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amamantamiento y leche materna" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amamantamiento y leche materna: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amamantar o alimentar con fórmula para bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biología de la leche materna" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-biologia-de-la-leche-maternal" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/08/biology-breast-milk">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calambres al amamantar a su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Paginas/Nursing-Cramps.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calostro: La primera comida de su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/colostrum-your-babys-first-meal.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Colostrum-Your-Babys-First-Meal.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un encargado del cuidado que apoye la lactancia materna" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/selecting-a-caregiver-who-supports-breastfeeding.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Selecting-a-Caregiver-Who-Supports-Breastfeeding.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo, lactancia y salud de los huesos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/embarazo-lactancia-y-salud-de-los-huesos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-bone-health">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer eructar a su bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burping.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inducción de la lactancia: Lactancia materna para mamás adoptivas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Paginas/Inducing-Lactation-Breastfeeding-for-Adoptive-Moms.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/Inducing-Lactation-Breastfeeding-for-Adoptive-Moms.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual, embarazo y lactancia materna" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del virus del Nilo occidental y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-infeccion-del-virus-del-nilo-occidetal/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia materna" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia materna" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia materna frente a lactancia con leche de fórmula" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/breast-bottle-feeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breast-bottle-feeding.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia materna: Cómo empezar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/breastfeed-starting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breastfeed-starting.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia: Algunas indicaciones que pueden ayudarla a comenzar por un buen camino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lactancia-algunas-indicaciones-que-pueden-ayudarla-a-comenzar-por-un-buen-camino/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/breastfeeding-hints-to-help-you-get-off-to-a-good-start/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia: El regreso al trabajo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/el-regreso-al-trabajo-y-la-lactancia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/pregnancy/birth/827.printerview.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber acerca del uso de cannabis, incluyendo CBD, mientras está embarazada o amamantando a su bebé" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-acerca-del-uso-de-cannabis-incluyendo-cbd-mientras-esta-embarazada-o-amamantando" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-should-know-about-using-cannabis-including-cbd-when-pregnant-or-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que hay que saber al comprar o usar un sacaleches" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-hay-que-saber-al-comprar-o-usar-un-sacaleches" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-know-when-buying-or-using-breast-pump">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muguet (candidiasis oral)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thrush.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thrush.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posibles problemas: pezones invertidos, planos y con perforaciones" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/possible-problems-inverted-flat-or-pierced-nipples.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Possible-Problems-Inverted-Flat-or-Pierced-Nipples.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posiciones para amamantar al bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nursing-positions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nursing-positions.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de advertencia de problemas con la lactancia materna" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/warning-signs-of-breastfeeding-problems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Warning-Signs-of-Breastfeeding-Problems.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Superación de problemas de la lactancia materna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002452.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los beneficios del amamantamiento?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/beneficios">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántas calorías deben consumir las mamás y los bebés durante el amamantamiento?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/DGA" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/calories">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo amamanto?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/realiza" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/how-is-it-done">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo me extraigo leche y cómo la almaceno?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/ordeno">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Hay casos o situaciones especiales en las que no debería amamantar?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/amamantar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Los bebés amamantados necesitan otro tipo de nutrición?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/adicional">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el destete y cómo lo llevo a cabo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/breastfeeding/informacion/destete">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lactose intolerance means that you cannot digest foods with lactose in them. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and foods made with milk. Read more." title="Lactose Intolerance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html" id="898" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<also-called>Dairy product intolerance</also-called>
<also-called>Lactase deficiency</also-called>
<also-called>Milk intolerance</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Lactose intolerance means that you cannot digest foods with lactose in them. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and foods made with milk. After eating foods with lactose in them, you may feel sick to your stomach. You may also have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Gas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Diarrhea &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Swelling in your stomach &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your doctor may do a blood, breath or stool test to find out if your problems are due to lactose intolerance.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lactose intolerance is not serious.  Eating less food with lactose, or using pills or drops to help you digest lactose usually helps. You may need to take a calcium supplement if you don't get enough of it from your diet, since milk and foods made with milk are the most common source of calcium for most people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html" id="1997" language="Spanish">Intolerancia a la lactosa</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007787">Lactose Intolerance</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html" id="1256">Food Allergy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Milk Intolerance</see-reference>
<site title="Allergic to Milk? Some Dark Chocolate Labeled as Dairy-Free May Still Contain Milk" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/allergic-milk-some-dark-chocolate-labeled-dairy-free-may-still-contain-milk" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/es-alergico-la-leche-algunos-chocolates-oscuros-etiquetados-como-libre-de-lacteos-aun-contienen">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lactose Intolerance" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lactose+Intolerance%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dairy-Free Diet (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dairy-free-diet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dairy-free-diet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergy Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food Intolerance vs. Food Allergy: What's the Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/FAQ-20058538?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/faq-20058538?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/lactose-intolerance/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/intolerancia-a-la-lactosa/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/food-allergies-and-sensitivities/lactose-intolerance">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/lactose-intolerance" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/intolerancia-lactosa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactose intolerance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000276.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lactose-intolerance/symptoms-causes/syc-20374232?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lactose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lactose.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lactose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lactose.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lactose-intolerance.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lactose-intolerance.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose intolerance: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lactose-intolerance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactose tolerance tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003500.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Tolerance Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactose-tolerance-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-tolerancia-a-la-lactosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Milk Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactose Intolerance" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lactose+Intolerance%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las ladillas o piojos del pubis son insectos muy pequeños que en general viven en el área púbica o genital de los humanos." title="Ladilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html" id="6948" language="Spanish" date-created="04/24/2018">
<also-called>Piojos del pubis</also-called>
<also-called>Piojos púbicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la ladilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las ladillas o piojos del pubis son insectos muy pequeños que en general viven en el área púbica o genital de los humanos. También se encuentran en ocasiones en otros tipos de vello corporal, como en las piernas, axilas, bigote, barba, cejas o pestañas. Los piojos del pubis en las cejas o pestañas de niños o adolescentes pueden ser un signo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;abuso sexual&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los piojos del pubis son parásitos y necesitan alimentarse de sangre humana para sobrevivir. Son uno de los tres tipos de piojos que viven en humanos. Los otros dos tipos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html"&gt;piojos de la cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html"&gt;piojos del cuerpo&lt;/a&gt;. Cada tipo de piojo es diferente, e infectarse de un tipo no significa que se contagiará con otro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se contagia la ladilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los piojos del pubis se mueven arrastrándose, porque no pueden saltar ni volar. Por lo general, se contagian a través del contacto sexual. En ocasiones, también pueden contagiarse a través del contacto físico con una persona que tiene piojos púbicos, o al estar en contacto con ropa, camas, ropa de cama o toallas de una persona con piojos púbicos. Los animales no contagian estos piojos a los humanos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener ladilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dado que se diseminan principalmente a través del contacto sexual, las ladillas son más comunes en adultos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la ladilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síntoma más común de los piojos púbicos es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html"&gt;picazón&lt;/a&gt; intensa en el área genital. También puede ver liendres (huevos de piojos) o piojos arrastrándose sobre la piel.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo saber si tiene ladilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El diagnóstico de ladilla generalmente se obtiene al ver un piojo o liendre. Ya que, en general, no hay muchas en el área genital, puede ser difícil encontrarlas. A menudo se pegan a más de un vello y no se arrastran tan rápido como los piojos de la cabeza y del cuerpo. A veces, se necesita una lupa para ver las ladillas y liendres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que tienen ladillas también deben ser examinadas para detectar otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;enfermedades de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt;, y sus parejas sexuales también deben examinarse para ver si tienen ladillas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la ladilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento principal para las ladillas es una loción que las mata. Las opciones incluyen una loción que contiene permetrina o una crema que contiene piretrina y butóxido de piperonilo. Estos productos están disponibles sin receta médica en EE. UU. Son seguros y efectivos cuando se usan siguiendo las instrucciones correctamente. Por lo general, la primera aplicación eliminará los piojos. Si no sucede, es posible que necesite una segunda aplicación después de nueve a 10 días.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen otros medicamentos que matan ladillas disponibles con receta médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También debe lavar su ropa, ropa de cama y toallas con agua caliente, y secarlas usando el ciclo más caliente de la secadora.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html" id="6947" language="English">Pubic Lice</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Acerca de los piojos púbicos (&quot;ladillas&quot;)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/es/about/acerca-de-los-piojos-pubicos-ladillas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/about/pubic-lice.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ladilla" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pubic-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pubic-lice.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ladilla (piojo del pubis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-lice.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos del pubis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000841.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos púbicos (cangrejos)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/piojos-pubicos/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos púbicos (ladillas)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pubic-lice-crabs/symptoms-causes/syc-20350300?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pubic-lice-crabs/symptoms-causes/syc-20350300?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos púbicos (ladillas): Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pubic-lice-crabs/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350306?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Laser eye surgery (LASIK) is surgery to improve your vision. You may no longer need glasses or contacts. Learn about the types and who can get it." title="Laser Eye Surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lasereyesurgery.html" id="1404" language="English" date-created="12/18/2000">
<also-called>Keratectomy</also-called>
<also-called>LASIK</also-called>
<also-called>LTK</also-called>
<also-called>PRK</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;For many people, laser eye surgery can correct their vision so they no longer need 
glasses or contact lenses.  Laser eye surgery reshapes the cornea, the clear front part of 
the eye.  This changes its focusing power.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of laser eye surgery.  LASIK - laser-assisted in situ 
keratomileusis - is one of the most common. Many patients who have LASIK end up with 20/20 
vision. But, like all medical procedures, it has both risks and benefits.  Only your eye 
doctor can tell if you are a good candidate for laser eye surgery.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lasereyesurgery.html" id="1998" language="Spanish">Cirugía del ojo con rayos láser</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D048988">Corneal Surgery, Laser</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lasereyesurgery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html" id="946">Refractive Errors</related-topic>
<see-reference>LASIK</see-reference>
<see-reference>LTK</see-reference>
<see-reference>PRK</see-reference>
<site title="Alternative Refractive Surgery Procedures" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/refractive-surgery-alternative-procedures" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/alternativos-una-cirugia-refractiva">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Corneal Surgery, Laser" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=corneal+laser+surgery&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=lasik+OR+(laser+keratomileusis)&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Photorefractive Keratectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Photorefractive+Keratectomy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor of Optometry" url="https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/find-a-doctor?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LASIK" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/surgery-devices/lasik">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LASIK -- Laser Eye Surgery" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/lasik" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/lasik-cirugia-ocular-con-laser">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="LASIK Eye Surgery" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lasik-eye-surgery/about/pac-20384774?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lasik-eye-surgery/about/pac-20384774?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="LASIK eye surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lasik eye surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000525.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lasik eye surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100206_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100206_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laser Eye Surgery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal+Surgery%2C+Laser%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Refractive corneal surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Refractive corneal surgery - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shaping Clearer Vision: Is Eye Surgery Right for You?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/shaping-clearer-vision" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dar-forma-a-una-vision-mas-clara">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Should I Expect Before, During, and After Surgery?" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/lasik/what-should-i-expect-during-and-after-surgery">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A latex allergy causes rashes, asthma, or even anaphylaxis. Hundreds of everyday products contain latex. Learn what you need to know to avoid latex." title="Latex Allergy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html" id="1439" language="English" date-created="03/15/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Latex is a milky fluid that comes from the tropical rubber tree. Hundreds of everyday products contain latex. Repeated exposure to a protein in natural latex can make you more likely to develop a latex allergy. If your immune system detects the protein, a reaction can start in minutes. You could get a rash or asthma. In rare cases you could have a severe reaction called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anaphylaxis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor may use a physical exam and skin and blood tests to diagnose it. There are medicines to treat a reaction, but it is best to try to avoid latex. Common latex products include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Gloves&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Condoms&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Balloons&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Rubber bands&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Shoe soles&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pacifiers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can find latex-free versions of these products.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html" id="1999" language="Spanish">Alergia al látex</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020315">Latex Hypersensitivity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Allergy, Latex</see-reference>
<site title="Allergy Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Healthcare Workers: How to Prevent Latex Allergies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-119/pdfs/2012-119.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2012-119_sp/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Latex allergies - for hospital patients" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000499.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latex Allergy" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/latex-allergy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/alergia-al-latex-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latex Allergy: A Prevention Guide" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/98-113/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing latex allergies at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000500.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latex Allergy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Latex+Hypersensitivity%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Genetics, environmental factors, access to healthcare, and cultural factors impact health. Learn about health issues that affect Latino and Hispanic Americans." title="Latino and Hispanic American Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/latinoandhispanicamericanhealth.html" id="288" language="English" date-created="05/25/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns.  Differences in the health of groups can 
result from:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Environmental factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Access to care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cultural factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Latino and Hispanic Americans.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latinoandhispanicamericanhealth.html" id="1958" language="Spanish">Salud de los hispanos y latinos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006630">Hispanic or Latino</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latinoandhispanicamericanhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimhd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</primary-institute>
<site title="Anyone Can Get Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/anyone-can-get-skin-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/cualquiera-padecer-cancer-piel">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and Hispanic Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/asthma-and-hispanic-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Facts &amp; Figures for Hispanics and Latinos" url="https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/hispanics-latinos-facts-figures.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/investigacion/datos-y-estadisticas-del-cancer/datos-y-estadisticas-sobre-el-cancer-entre-los-hispanos.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Liver Disease and Hispanic Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/chronic-liver-disease-and-hispanic-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Latino and Hispanic Americans" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=Hispanic+OR+Latino+OR+Latina+OR+Latinx&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/sp_recip.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Hispanic Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/diabetes-and-hispanic-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Health of Hispanic or Latino Population" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hispanic-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Health of Mexican American Population" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/mexican-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease in Hispanic Women" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hispanic/Latino Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/hispaniclatino-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hispanics/Latinos &amp; Cardiovascular Diseases: Statistical Fact Sheet" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/PHD-Files-2/Science-News/2/2022-Heart-and-Stroke-Stat-Update/2022-Stat-Update-factsheet-Hispanic-Latino-Race-and-CVD.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunizations and Hispanic Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/immunizations-and-hispanic-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality and Hispanic Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/infant-mortality-and-hispanic-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities" url="https://www.nimhd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity and Hispanic Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/obesity-and-hispanic-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="People with Lupus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/data-research/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/spanish/features/lupus-asiaticos-hispanos.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Latino and Hispanic American Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hispanic+or+Latino%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis and Hispanic or Latino Persons" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/health-equity/hispanic-or-latino-persons.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/publications/factsheets/specpop/hispanicorlatino_es.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, is the &quot;bad&quot; cholesterol. A high LDL level can lead to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries." title="LDL: The &quot;Bad&quot; Cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783" language="English" date-created="12/04/2017">
<also-called>Low-density lipoprotein</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But having too much cholesterol in your blood raises your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are LDL and HDL?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LDL and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt; are two types of lipoproteins. They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein. The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. LDL and HDL have different purposes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  
&lt;h3&gt;How can a high LDL level raise my risk of coronary artery disease and other diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have a high LDL level, this means that you have too much LDL cholesterol in your blood. This extra LDL, along with other substances, forms plaque. The plaque builds up in your arteries; this is a condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Coronary artery disease happens when the plaque buildup is in the arteries of your heart. It causes the arteries to become hardened and narrowed, which slows down or blocks the blood flow to your heart. Because your blood carries oxygen to your heart, this means that your heart may not be able to get enough oxygen. This can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html"&gt;angina&lt;/a&gt; (chest pain), or if the blood flow is completely blocked, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know what my LDL level is?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; can measure your cholesterol levels, including LDL. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are age 19 or younger:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first test should be between ages 9 to 11&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children should have the test again every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high blood cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are age 20 or older:&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Younger adults should have the test every 5 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For people who are older than 65:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They should have the test every year.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need to get your cholesterol checked more often if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, or a family history of high cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can affect my LDL level?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Things that can affect your LDL level include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diet.&lt;/strong&gt; Saturated fat and cholesterol in the food you eat make your LDL level rise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weight.&lt;/strong&gt; Being overweight tends to raise your LDL level, lower your HDL level, and increase your total cholesterol level&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical Activity.&lt;/strong&gt; A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;lack of physical activity&lt;/a&gt; can lead to weight gain, which can raise your LDL level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Smoking.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Cigarette smoking&lt;/a&gt; lowers your HDL cholesterol. Since HDL helps to remove LDL from your arteries, if you have less HDL, that can contribute to you having a higher LDL level.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age and Sex.&lt;/strong&gt; As women and men get older, their cholesterol levels rise. Before the age of menopause, women have lower total cholesterol levels than men of the same age. After the age of menopause, women's LDL levels tend to rise.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes. High cholesterol can run in families. For example, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited form of high blood cholesterol.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain medicines, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt;, some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;blood pressure medicines&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;HIV medicines&lt;/a&gt;, can raise your LDL level.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other medical conditions.&lt;/strong&gt; Diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, diabetes, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; can cause a higher LDL level.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race or ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; People from certain racial or ethnic groups may have an increased risk of high blood cholesterol. For example, African Americans typically have higher HDL and LDL cholesterol levels than White Americans. Asian Americans are more likely to have higher LDL levels than other groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should my LDL level be?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With LDL cholesterol, lower numbers are better, because a high LDL level can raise your risk for coronary artery disease and related problems. The general ranges for healthy adults are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
       &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;th scope="col"&gt;LDL (Bad) Cholesterol Level&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;th scope="col"&gt;LDL Cholesterol Category&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Less than 100 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Optimal&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;100-129 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Near optimal/above optimal&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r3"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;130-159 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Borderline high&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r4"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;160-189 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;High&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r5"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;190 mg/dL and above&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Very High&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have coronary artery disease or are at high risk for it, your health care provider may have different goals for your LDL level.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How can I lower my LDL level?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two main ways to lower your LDL cholesterol level:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heart-healthy lifestyle changes,&lt;/strong&gt; which include:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heart-healthy eating.&lt;/strong&gt; A heart-healthy eating plan limits the amount of saturated and trans fats that you eat. Examples of eating plans that can lower your LDL level include the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;DASH eating plan&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Weight management&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; If you are overweight, losing weight can help lower your LDL level.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical Activity.&lt;/strong&gt; Everyone should get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drug Treatment.&lt;/strong&gt; If lifestyle changes alone do not lower your LDL level enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol-lowering drugs&lt;/a&gt; available, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html"&gt;statins&lt;/a&gt;. The medicines work in different ways and can have different side effects. Talk to your provider about which one is right for you.  While you are taking medicines to lower your LDL level, you still should continue with the lifestyle changes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may receive a treatment called lipoprotein apheresis. This treatment uses a filtering machine to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. Then the machine returns the rest of the blood back to the person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6784" language="Spanish">Colesterol malo (LDL)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008078">Cholesterol, LDL</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811">Cholesterol Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6907">High Cholesterol in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6809">How to Lower Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html" id="6807">How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" id="4909">Statins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6909">VLDL Cholesterol</related-topic>
<site title="Apolipoprotein B100" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003502.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol - drug treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Good and Bad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/cholesterol-good-and-bad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/colesterol-bueno-y-colesterol-malo/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Medicines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol testing and results" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: LDL Cholesterol" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=LDL+cholesterol&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial hypercholesterolemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000392.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Low Should LDL Cholesterol Go?" url="https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/how-low-should-ldl-cholesterol-go">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Harvard Medical School</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Lower Cholesterol: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LDL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007811.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower Your LDL" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/hdl-good-ldl-bad-cholesterol-and-triglycerides/lower-your-ldl">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="My LDL Cholesterol Guide" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Cholesterol/My-LDL-Cholesterol-Guide.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LDL: The &quot;Bad&quot; Cholesterol" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cholesterol%2C+LDL%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Statins: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Breathing air, drinking water or eating food that contains lead can cause health problems. Find a list of scenarios that can lead to lead poisoning." title="Lead Poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html" id="608" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<also-called>Plumbism</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Lead is a metal that occurs naturally in the earth's crust.  Lead can be found in all parts of our environment. Much of it comes from human activities such as mining and manufacturing. Lead used to be in paint; older houses may still have lead paint. You could be exposed to lead by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating food or drinking water that contains lead. Water pipes in older homes may contain lead.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Working in a job where lead is used&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using lead in a hobby, such as making stained glass or lead-glazed pottery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using folk remedies such as herbs or foods that contain lead&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Breathing air, drinking water, eating food, or swallowing or touching dirt that contains lead can cause many health problems. Lead can affect almost every organ and system in your body. In adults, lead can increase blood pressure and cause infertility, nerve disorders, and muscle and joint pain. It can also make you irritable and affect your ability to concentrate and remember.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lead is especially dangerous for children. A child who swallows large amounts of lead may develop anemia, severe stomachache, muscle weakness, and brain damage. Even at low levels, lead can affect a child's mental and physical growth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html" id="2000" language="Spanish">Envenenamiento con plomo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007855">Lead Poisoning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leadpoisoning.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leadpoisoning.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leadpoisoning.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leadpoisoning.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Plumbism</see-reference>
<see-reference>lead exposure</see-reference>
<site title="About Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Drinking Water" url="https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Lead in Drinking Water" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/prevention/drinking-water.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Lead in Foods, Cosmetics, and Medicines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/prevention/foods-cosmetics-medicines.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avoiding Lead Exposure during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lead.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water" url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Test: Lead (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-lead.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lead Poisoning" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lead+Poisoning%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delta-ALA urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003457.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heavy Metal Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-metales-pesados/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidden Hazards: Clearing Out Toxins in the Home" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/hidden-hazards" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/peligros-ocultos">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kohl, Kajal, Al-Kahal, Surma, Tiro, Tozali or Kwalli: By Any Name, Beware of Lead Poisoning" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/kohl-kajal-al-kahal-surma-tiro-tozali-or-kwalli-any-name-beware-lead-poisoning">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead" url="https://www.epa.gov/lead">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead (Pb) Air Pollution" url="https://www.epa.gov/lead-air-pollution">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead - nutritional considerations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead Exposure Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/symptoms-complications/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead levels - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003360.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead Poisoning" url="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/chemicals/lead">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lead poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002473.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002473.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead Toxicity" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/lead/docs/lead_patient-education.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Lead" url="https://www.epa.gov/lead/learn-about-lead">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Childhood Lead Poisoning" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Family from Sources of Lead" url="https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-sources-lead">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lead Poisoning" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lead+Poisoning%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Assessment" url="https://www.epa.gov/risk">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safety and Health Topics: Lead" url="https://www.osha.gov/lead">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learning disabilities affect how people understand, remember and respond to information. Learn more on how to identify and cope with a learning disability." title="Learning Disabilities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html" id="306" language="English" date-created="02/10/1999">
<also-called>Learning differences</also-called>
<also-called>Learning disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a learning disability?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Learning disabilities are conditions that affect the ability to learn. They can cause problems with:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Understanding what people are saying&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speaking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reading&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Writing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing math&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paying attention&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, children have more than one kind of learning disability. They may also have another condition, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;attention deficit hyperactivity disorder&lt;/a&gt; (ADHD), which can make learning even more of a challenge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes learning disabilities?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Learning disabilities don't have anything to do with intelligence. They are caused by differences in the brain, and they affect the way the brain processes information. These differences are usually present at birth. But there are certain factors that can play a role in the development of a learning disability, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Environmental exposures (such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;lead&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems during pregnancy (such as the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;mother's drug use&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know if my child has a learning disability?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The earlier you can find and treat a learning disability, the better. Unfortunately, learning disabilities are usually not recognized until a child is in school. If you notice that your child is struggling, talk to your child's teacher or health care provider about an evaluation for a learning disability. The evaluation may include a medical exam, a discussion of family history, and intellectual and school performance testing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for learning disabilities?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common treatment for learning disabilities is special education. A teacher or other learning specialist can help your child learn skills by building on strengths and finding ways to make up for weaknesses. Educators may try special teaching methods, make changes to the classroom, or use technologies that can assist your child's learning needs. Some children also get help from tutors or speech or language therapists.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;A child with a learning disability may struggle with low self-esteem, frustration, and other problems. Mental health professionals can help your child understand these feelings, develop coping tools, and build healthy relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your child has another condition such as ADHD, he or she will need treatment for that condition as well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html" id="2001" language="Spanish">Problemas de aprendizaje</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007859">Learning Disabilities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="152">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="209">Developmental Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5959">Speech and Language Problems in Children</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dyscalculia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dyslexia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Reading Problems</see-reference>
<see-reference>Specific Learning Disorder</see-reference>
<site title="47,XYY syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aarskog syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001654.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aarskog-Scott syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aarskog-scott-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Learning Disabilities" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dyslexia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dyslexia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Learning Disabilities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Learning+Disabilities%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Decoding Dyslexia: Helping Kids Who Struggle with Reading" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/02/decoding-dyslexia" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/decodificando-la-dislexia">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental reading disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001406.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dysgraphia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001543.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dysgraphia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#dysgraphia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dyslexia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#dyslexia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estimated Prevalence of Children with Diagnosed Developmental Disabilities in the United States, 2014-2016" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db291.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gerstmann's Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/gerstmanns-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Are Learning Disabilities Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/diagnostican">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Up in School? Identifying Learning Problems" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/special-collections/parenting/keeping-up-school" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/seguir-el-ritmo-en-la-escuela">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning Disabilities" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/learning-disabilities" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/problemas-de-aprendizaje">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning Disorders" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-With-Learning-Disorders-016.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning Disorders Can Make It Hard for a Child to Read, Write or Do Simple Math. Know the Symptoms and Find Out What You Can Do." url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/learning-disorders/art-20046105?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/learning-disorders/art-20046105?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning Problems" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/learning-disabilities.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/learning-disabilities.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mathematics disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001534.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NICHD Learning Disabilities Research Information" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/researchinfo">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning Disabilities" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Learning+Disabilities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Smith-Kingsmore syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/smith-kingsmore-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triple X syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/triple-x-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Dyslexia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dyslexia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dyslexia.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Reading Disorders?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/reading/conditioninfo/disorders" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/reading/informacion">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Signs of Learning Disabilities?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/signs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/indicadores">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Learning Disabilities?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Leg injuries and leg disorders can affect the whole leg or just one part. Read about common leg injuries such as sprains, strains, and fractures." title="Leg Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="509" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your legs are made up of bones, blood vessels, muscles, and other connective tissue. They are important for motion and standing. Playing sports, running, falling, or having an accident can damage your legs. Common leg injuries include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;joint dislocations&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These injuries can affect the entire leg, or just the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;foot&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;ankle&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;knee&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hip&lt;/a&gt;. Certain diseases also lead to leg problems. For example, knee osteoarthritis, common in older people, can cause pain and limited motion. Problems in your veins in your legs can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html"&gt;varicose veins&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html"&gt;deep vein thrombosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2002" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007869">Leg Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005264">Femoral Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007870">Leg Length Inequality</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013978">Tibial Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007871">Leg Ulcer</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1612">Ankle Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="1683">Deep Vein Thrombosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287">Hip Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304">Knee Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/restlesslegs.html" id="384">Restless Legs</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html" id="540">Varicose Veins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html" id="533">Vascular Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html" id="5673">Walking Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>Claudication</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intermittent Claudication</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leg Cramps</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ulcer, Leg</see-reference>
<site title="Achilles Tendon Rupture" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture/symptoms-causes/syc-20353234?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle-Brachial Index" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blount disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001584.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blount Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blount-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blount-disease.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowlegs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001585.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bowlegs and Knock-Knees" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Bowlegs-and-Knock-Knees.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/paginas/bowlegs-and-knock-knees.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken Leg" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-leg/symptoms-causes/syc-20370412?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-leg/symptoms-causes/syc-20370412?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buerger Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Charley horse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002066.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Claudication" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intermittent Claudication" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intermittent+Claudication%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leg Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leg+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leg Length Inequality" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leg+Length+Inequality%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leg Ulcer" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leg+Ulcer%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Legionnaires' Disease (Legionella Pneumonia) is caused by bacteria. You get it by breathing in mist from water that contains the bacteria. Learn more." title="Legionnaires' Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/legionnairesdisease.html" id="1526" language="English" date-created="08/23/2001">
<also-called>Legionellosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Legionnaires' Disease? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Legionnaires' disease is a serious type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt; caused by &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;. The disease got its name when a group of people at an American Legion convention became ill with this type of pneumonia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt; is found naturally in freshwater, such as lakes and rivers. It can also be found in soil. But people usually only get sick from it when if it grows and spreads in man-made water systems. These systems can include hot tubs, fountains, and the plumbing systems of large buildings, such as hotels or nursing homes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt; can also cause Pontiac fever. This is a milder, flu-like illness that doesn't infect your lungs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;What causes Legionnaires' disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
You can get the infection by breathing in mist or small drops of water that contain the bacteria. The mist may come from hot tubs, showers, or large building air conditioning units.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You usually can't get infected by drinking water that contains the bacteria unless you aspirate it (accidentally breathe the water into your lungs). The bacteria don't spread from person to person. Disease outbreaks happen when many people are exposed to the same water source that contains the bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop Legionnaires' disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most healthy people who come in contact with the bacteria do not become sick. You are more likely to develop an infection if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are over the age of 50&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a current or former &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a chronic (long-lasting) disease such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a chronic lung disease such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html"&gt;emphysema&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakened immune system&lt;/a&gt; due to a disease such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt; or are taking medicines that suppress your immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Live in a long-term care facility&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have recently stayed in a hospital or had surgery requiring &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html"&gt;anesthesia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Legionnaires' disease? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms usually show up 2 to 14 days after you were exposed to &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt; bacteria. Most of the symptoms are similar to those of other types of pneumonia. But Legionnaires' disease may also cause gastrointestinal symptoms and mental changes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of Legionnaires' disease may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can Legionnaires' disease cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Legionnaires' disease can cause life-threatening complications such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;respiratory failure&lt;/a&gt;, kidney failure, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About 1 out of every 10 people who get sick with Legionnaires' disease will die from complications of the illness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Legionnaires' disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have Legionnaires' disease, your health care provider will probably order a chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; to see if you have pneumonia. If you do have it, lab tests such as a urine or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/"&gt;sputum&lt;/a&gt; test can &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/legionella-tests/"&gt;check for the &lt;em&gt;Legionella&lt;/em&gt; bacteria.&lt;/a&gt; Your provider may also order a blood test to see if you have been exposed to the bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Legionnaires' disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have Legionnaires' disease, you will likely need care in a hospital. The treatment is with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. Most people will recover, especially if they were healthy when they got the disease. Getting treatment early can increase the chances of getting better.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can Legionnaires' disease be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can lower your risk of getting Legionnaires' disease if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clean all your water-related devices regularly. This could include portable humidifiers, water heaters, air conditioners, and nasal rinses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you haven't used your faucets and showerheads for a week or more, flush them by letting the hot and cold faucets run for at least two minutes before use.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid exposure to water sources such as decorative foundations or hot tubs if you don't know how well they are maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use windshield cleaner in your wiper fluid tank in your car instead of water.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about how well your buildings' water systems are maintained.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/legionnairesdisease.html" id="2003" language="Spanish">Enfermedad del legionario</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007877">Legionnaires' Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/legionnairesdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Legionella Control" url="https://www.cdc.gov/control-legionella/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/prevention-sp.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Legionnaires' Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/signs-symptoms-sp.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Pontiac Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/about-pontiac-fever.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Legionnaires' Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Legionnaires'+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Legionella Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/causes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/es/causes/como-se-propaga-la-legionella.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Legionella Resources" url="https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/communication-resources/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legionella Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/legionella-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-legionela/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Legionnaires disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000616.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legionnaires' Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/legionnaires-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351747?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legionnaires' Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Legionnaires%27+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sputum direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003553.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Leishmaniasis or leishmania, also known as Kala-azar is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies." title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/leishmaniasis.html" id="3748" language="English" date-created="02/17/2004">
<also-called>Kala-azar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis. The most common are cutaneous and visceral.  The cutaneous type causes skin sores. The visceral type affects internal organs such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. People with this form usually have fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen and liver. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Leishmaniasis is found in parts of about 88 countries. Most of these countries are in the tropics and subtropics. It is possible but very unlikely that you would get this disease in the United States. But you should be aware of it if you are traveling to the Middle East or parts of Central America, South America, Asia, Africa or southern Europe.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment is with medicines that contain antimony, a type of metal, or with strong antibiotics. The best way to prevent the disease is to protect yourself from sand fly bites:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stay indoors from dusk to dawn, when sand flies are the most active&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts when outside&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use insect repellent and bed nets as needed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leishmaniasis.html" id="3749" language="Spanish">Leishmaniasis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007896">Leishmaniasis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leishmaniasis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<site title="About Leishmaniasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/leishmaniasis/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leishmaniasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leishmaniasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/testing-diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001386.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/leishmaniasis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Leishmaniasis?">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Leishmaniasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/leishmaniasis/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychological Health Center of Excellence" url="https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Centers-of-Excellence/Psychological-Health-Center-of-Excellence">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Leishmaniasis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/leishmaniasis-cutaneous">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Leishmaniasis, Visceral" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/leishmaniasis-visceral">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La leishmaniasis (leishmania), también conocida como Kala-azar, es una enfermedad parasitaria transmitida por la picadura de un mosquito infectado." title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leishmaniasis.html" id="3749" language="Spanish" date-created="02/25/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La leishmaniasis es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad parasitaria&lt;/a&gt; diseminada por la picadura de un mosquito infectado. Existen varias formas distintas de leishmaniasis. Las más comunes son la cutánea y la visceral. El tipo cutáneo causa llagas en la piel. El tipo visceral afecta los órganos internos, tales como el bazo, el hígado y la médula ósea. Las personas con esta enfermedad suelen tener fiebre, pérdida de peso y aumento de tamaño del bazo y el hígado.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La leishmaniasis se encuentra en algunas áreas de 88 países aproximadamente. La mayoría de estos países se encuentra en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. Es posible, pero poco probable, que adquiera esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos. Pero debe estar pendiente de ella si &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html"&gt;viaja&lt;/a&gt; al Medio Oriente o a regiones de América Central, América del Sur, Asia, África o el sur de Europa.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento consiste en medicinas que contienen antimonio, un tipo de metal o potentes antibióticos. La mejor forma de prevenirla es protegerse de las picaduras de mosquito:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite estar al aire libre desde el anochecer hasta el amanecer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use pantalones largos y camisas de manga larga cuando este afuera&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use repelente de insectos y mosquiteros cuando sea necesario&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leishmaniasis.html" id="3748" language="English">Leishmaniasis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Kala-azar</see-reference>
<site title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leishmaniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001386.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leishmaniasis (leishmaniosis)" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-parasitarias-protozoos-extraintestinales/leishmaniasis-leishmaniosis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las lesiones de la espalda más comunes son distenciones y torceduras, discos herniados y fractura de vértebras. Entérese sobre tratamientos y más aquí." title="Lesiones de la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html" id="1765" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La espalda está compuesta de huesos, músculos y otros tejidos que se extienden desde el cuello hasta la pelvis. Las lesiones en la espalda pueden ser provocadas por el deporte, trabajos en la casa o en el jardín o una sacudida repentina, como en un accidente de tránsito. La parte baja de la espalda es el sitio donde más comúnmente ocurren las lesiones y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;dolor de espalda&lt;/a&gt;. Algunas de las lesiones de espalda más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Torceduras y distensiones o esguinces&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html"&gt;Hernias de disco &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vértebras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturadas&lt;/a&gt; (rotas) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estas lesiones pueden causar dolor y limitar los movimientos. Los tratamientos varían, pero pueden incluir medicamentos, frío, reposo en cama, fisioterapia o cirugía. Se pueden evitar algunas lesiones de espalda manteniendo un peso saludable, utilizando el apoyo de las piernas cuando levanta objetos y usando un soporte para la parte baja de la espalda al sentarse.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html" id="156" language="English">Back Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766">Dolor de espalda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html" id="2153">Hernia de disco</related-topic>
<see-reference>Espalda, Lesiones de la</see-reference>
<site title="Agacharse y levantar un objeto correctamente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000414.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastamiento vertebral de la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrodesis vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de espalda: ¿cuándo es una buena idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda y los deportes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mochilas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/backpack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mochilas seguras (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/backpack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retornar a los deportes después de una lesión en la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retornar a trabajar con el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad al levantar: Consejos para prevenir lesiones en la espalda" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguridad-al-levantar-consejos-para-prevenir-lesiones-en-la-espalda/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/lifting-safety-tips-to-help-prevent-back-injuries/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100204_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100204_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastia para dolor por fractura de la columna" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vertebroplastia-para-dolor-por-fractura-de-la-columna/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vertebroplasty-for-spine-fracture-pain/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastía y cifoplastía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vertebro" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vertebro">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tendinitis, bursitis y desgarros son problemas comunes del manguito rotatorio. Entérese sobre las lesiones del hombro aquí." title="Lesiones del manguito rotatorio del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html" id="5933" language="Spanish" date-created="12/19/2011">
<also-called>Hombro de lanzador</also-called>
<also-called>Hombro de nadador</also-called>
<also-called>Hombro de tenista</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome de pinzamiento del hombro</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome de sobrecarga del hombro</also-called>
<also-called>Tendinitis del manguito de los rotadores</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el manguito rotador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su manguito rotador es parte de la articulación del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hombro&lt;/a&gt;. Es un grupo de músculos y tendones que sujeta firmemente la parte superior del hueso de la parte superior del brazo en la cavidad del hombro. El manguito rotador mantiene estable el hombro cuando mueve el brazo en alguna dirección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las lesiones del manguito rotador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones del manguito rotador son comunes. La mayoría de ellas son por desgaste al hacer los mismos movimientos de brazos una y otra vez, especialmente moverlos por encima de la cabeza. Con el tiempo, los tejidos del manguito rotador se rompen y provocan lesiones como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Los tendones del manguito de los rotadores conectan los músculos con los huesos del hombro. En la tendinitis, los tendones se irritan y se inflaman al pinzarse por los movimientos del hombro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: La bursa es un pequeño saco lleno de líquido que cubre el espacio entre el manguito de los rotadores y los huesos del hombro. La bursitis ocurre cuando el músculo y el hueso frotan demasiado la bursa, inflamándose con exceso de líquido, lo que causa dolor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Desgarros del manguito rotador&lt;/strong&gt;: Los desgarros en un tendón del manguito de los rotadores pueden ocurrir con el tiempo o de repente debido a una lesión, como caerse sobre un brazo extendido o levantar algo pesado. Un desgarro puede romper parte de un tendón (desgarro parcial) o romperlo completamente (desgarro completo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una lesión del manguito rotador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener una lesión del manguito rotador. Pero algunas son más propensas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mayores de 40 años&lt;/strong&gt;: La mayoría de las lesiones del manguito rotador se deben al uso y desgaste por el envejecimiento. A los 80 años, la mayoría de los adultos tienen desgarros&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atletas&lt;/strong&gt;: Practicar deportes con movimientos repetidos del hombro aumenta el riesgo de sufrir una lesión en el manguito de los rotadores, por ejemplo, tenis, natación y béisbol, especialmente lanzar la pelota&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Trabajadores que requieren mucho alcance por encima de la cabeza o levantar objetos pesados&lt;/strong&gt;: Los carpinteros, los trabajadores de la construcción y los pintores son ejemplos de personas que pueden tener más riesgo de tener problemas en el manguito de los rotadores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las lesiones del manguito rotador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones del manguito rotador no siempre causan dolor. Pero cuando lo hacen, el dolor suele estar en la parte superior del brazo o el hombro. Es posible que sienta más dolor al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Acostarse, especialmente sobre el hombro lesionado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Levantar su brazo o bajarlo al frente o al costado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estirarlo detrás de su espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas de un manguito rotador desgarrado pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de fuerza en el brazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sonidos de chasquidos o crujidos al mover el brazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las lesiones del manguito rotador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene una lesión en el manguito de los rotadores, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Examinará su hombro: Esto incluye verificar el rango de movimiento y dónde está el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pondrá a prueba la fuerza de su brazo y hombro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Puede solicitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ultrasonido &lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las lesiones del manguito rotador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El mejor tratamiento para usted depende de su edad, cuánto le molesta su lesión y si el problema fue repentino o se debió al uso y desgaste.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para las lesiones del manguito rotador a menudo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Descanso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ponerse hielo o una compresa fría en el área adolorida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; para disminuir el dolor y la inflamación, como ibuprofeno o aspirina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ejercicios de terapia física para fortalecer el hombro y mejorar el movimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una inyección de corticoides en la articulación del hombro si otros tratamientos no ayudan con el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la tendinitis y bursitis del manguito de los rotadores también pueden incluir terapia de ultrasonido. La cirugía puede ser una opción si su hombro no mejora de 6 a 12 meses después.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para un manguito rotador desgarrado también pueden incluir calor en el área adolorida o estimulación eléctrica de los nervios y músculos (estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea, o TENS).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir una cirugía si su desgarro es grande o se debe a una lesión reciente, o si los síntomas duran de 6 a 12 meses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo debo ver a un profesional de la salud por dolor en el hombro?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si ciertas actividades le molestan en el hombro, es mejor dejar de hacerlas y consultar con su proveedor. Esto se debe a que el tratamiento temprano puede evitar que las lesiones leves del manguito de los rotadores se agraven más adelante. Si su brazo se siente débil justo después de una lesión repentina en el hombro, consulte a su profesional de la salud lo antes posible.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<see-reference>Hombro de nadador</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hombro de tenista</see-reference>
<see-reference>Manguito de los rotadores, Lesiones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de pinzamiento del hombro</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de sobrecarga del hombro</see-reference>
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<site title="Problemas con el manguito de los rotadores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000438.htm">
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<site title="Reemplazo total inverso del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007796.htm">
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<site title="RMN del hombro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr">
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<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
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<site title="Tendinitis del manguito del rotador (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rotator-cuff-tendonitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rotator-cuff-tendonitis.html">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Las lesiones oculares pueden ser lo suficientemente grave como para dañar su visión. Entérese sobre prevención y primeros auxilios en caso de una lesión." title="Lesiones del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html" id="1895" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Lesiones oculares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La estructura de su cara ayuda a proteger sus ojos contra las lesiones. Aún así, las lesiones pueden dañar su ojo y algunas veces  son suficientemente severas como para provocar la pérdida de la vista. La mayoría de las lesiones oculares puede prevenirse. Si practica algún deporte o se dedica a determinados trabajos, es posible que necesite protegérselos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tipo más común de lesión ocurre cuando algo irrita la superficie externa del ojo. Ciertos trabajos como los empleos en la industria o algunos pasatiempos como la carpintería, aumentan las posibilidades de presentar estas lesiones. También son más probables si utiliza lentes de contacto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las sustancias químicas o el calor pueden quemarle los ojos. En el caso de las sustancias químicas, el dolor puede hacerle cerrar los ojos. Eso mantiene el irritante en contacto con su ojo y puede causarle más daños. Es necesario lavarse el ojo de inmediato mientras espera ayuda médica.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
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<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
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<see-reference>Ojo, Lesiones del</see-reference>
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<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
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<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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<site title="Eclipse solar y la seguridad ocular" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/proteccion-ocular-durante-un-eclipse-solar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Emergencias oftalmológicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000054.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
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<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
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<site title="Examen con lámpara de hendidura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Hifema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001021.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Ojo morado: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-black-eye/basics/art-20056675?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-black-eye/basics/ART-20056675?p=1">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos morados" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/black-eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/black-eyes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parpadeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000010.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pliegue macular" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/pliegue-macular" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/macular-pucker">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir lesiones oculares en su lugar de trabajo" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/en-el-trabajo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-work">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salpicadura de una sustancia química en el ojo: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-eye-emergency/basics/art-20056647?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-eye-emergency/basics/ART-20056647?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el hogar: Cómo prevenir las lesiones oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/prevenir-lesiones-oculares-en-casa" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-in-home">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción del ojo con fluoresceína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003845.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un hifema?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hifema" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-hyphema">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un ojo morado?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ojo-negro" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/black-eye">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una arruga o pliegue macular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/arruga-o-pliegue-macular">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una laceración de la córnea?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-una-laceracion-de-la-cornea" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-corneal-laceration">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lesiones del plexo braquial se producen por un trauma en el hombro, tumores o inflamación. Entérese sobre  tratamientos como la terapia física y cirugía." title="Lesiones del plexo braquial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brachialplexusinjuries.html" id="6090" language="Spanish" date-created="02/06/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El plexo braquial es una red de nervios que envía señales desde la columna vertebral hasta el hombro, el brazo y la mano. El daño del plexo braquial puede causar síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un brazo flácido o paralizado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de control muscular en el brazo, la mano o la muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de sensación en el brazo o en la mano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones del plexo braquial pueden ocurrir por un trauma, tumores o inflamación en el hombro. A veces ocurren durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;alumbramiento&lt;/a&gt;, cuando los hombros del bebé quedan atascados durante el parto y hay un estiramiento o desgarro de los nervios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas lesiones del plexo braquial pueden sanar sin tratamiento. Muchos de los niños que se lesionan durante el parto mejoran o se recuperan a los tres o cuatro meses de edad. El tratamiento incluye terapia física y en algunos casos, cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brachialplexusinjuries.html" id="6089" language="English">Brachial Plexus Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Plexo braquial, Lesiones</see-reference>
<site title="Ardores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/burners-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/burners/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/international/vivir-con-par%c3%a1lisis/salud/causas-de-paralisis/lesion-del-plexo-braquial-reeve-foundation/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos para la Parálisis de la Fundación Christopher y Dana Reeve</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20350235?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial (ardor o quemazón)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/burners.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/burners.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/brachial-plexus-injury/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350241?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis de Erb-Duchenne y Dejerine-Klumpke" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/paralisis-de-erb-duchenne-y-dejerine-klumpke" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/erb-duchenne-and-dejerine-klumpke-palsies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plexo braquial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002239.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plexopatía braquial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="De moderadas a graves, es importante conocer las señales de advertencia de las lesiones de la cabeza. Más información sobre las lesiones de la cabeza aquí." title="Lesiones en la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html" id="5826" language="Spanish" date-created="08/03/2011">
<also-called>Golpes en la cabeza</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es probable que usted se haya golpeado la cabeza alguna vez. En general, la lesión es menor ya que el cráneo es duro y protege su cerebro. Pero otras lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser más graves, como una fractura, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html"&gt;conmoción cerebral&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatismo cerebral&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser abiertas o cerradas. Una lesión cerrada no rompe el cráneo. En una lesión abierta, un objeto penetra el cráneo y entra al cerebro. Las lesiones cerradas no siempre son menos graves que las abiertas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas causas comunes de lesiones en la cabeza son las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html"&gt;accidentes de tránsito&lt;/a&gt;, violencia o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;deportes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante conocer las señales de advertencia de las lesiones moderadas a graves. Busque ayuda de inmediato si la persona tiene:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no mejora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos o nauseas reiteradas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Incapacidad para levantarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pupilas dilatadas en uno o ambos ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para hablar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad o entumecimiento de los brazos o piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Creciente confusión, inquietud o agitación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos usan un examen neurológico y pruebas de imagen para realizar un diagnóstico. El tratamiento depende del tipo de lesión y qué tan grave es.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html" id="5825" language="English">Head Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html" id="4868">Conmoción cerebral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="1930">Lesión cerebral traumática</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cabeza, Daño</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cabeza, Golpes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cabeza, Lesiones</see-reference>
<site title="Ecografía: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000060.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Golpe en la cabeza en niños: Cómo saber si es grave" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Paginas/Head-Injury.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Golpes en la cabeza: ¿en qué casos son lesiones graves?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/expert-answers/head-injury/faq-20058442?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los traumatismos craneales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-craneales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-traumatismos-craneales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/overview-of-head-injuries">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en la cabeza" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lesiones-en-la-cabeza-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/head-injuries/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en la cabeza (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/head-injury.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-injury.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en la cabeza: qué hacer si su hijo pierde el conocimiento" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/loss-of-consciousness.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/pages/loss-of-consciousness.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de traumatismos craneales en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de traumatismo craneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000028.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo craneal: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/art-20056626?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/ART-20056626?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuando usted entra en contacto directo con la electricidad, la corriente puede pasar por su cuerpo y causar lesiones internas o externas. Entérese aquí." title="Lesiones por electricidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electricalinjuries.html" id="6281" language="Spanish" date-created="07/13/2016">
<also-called>Lesiones eléctricas</also-called>
<also-called>Lesiones por rayos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted entra en contacto directo con la electricidad, la corriente puede pasar por su cuerpo y causar lesiones. Estas heridas pueden ser externas o internas. Usted puede sufrir uno o ambos tipos de lesiones. Las externas son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;quemaduras&lt;/a&gt; en la piel. Las internas incluyen daño a los órganos, huesos, músculos y nervios. También puede causar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;ritmo anormal del corazón&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;paro cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La gravedad de sus lesiones dependen de qué tan fuerte es la corriente eléctrica, el tipo de corriente, cómo se mueve a través del cuerpo y el tiempo de exposición. Otros factores incluyen su estado de salud y cuánto demoró en recibir tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de las lesiones eléctricas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Caída de rayos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aparatos eléctricos defectuosos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exposición a la electricidad en el trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contacto con el cableado de la casa o líneas de transmisión eléctrica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Accidentes de niños pequeños cuando mascan o chupan cables eléctricos o introducen objetos en enchufes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Si sufre una lesión eléctrica, usted debe consultar a un médico. Es posible que tenga daños internos y no se dé cuenta.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html" id="6280" language="English">Electrical Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Electricidad, Lesiones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Quemaduras por electricidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rayos, Lesiones</see-reference>
<site title="Choque eléctrico: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-shock/basics/art-20056695?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-shock/basics/art-20056695?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incidentes eléctricos (en la construcción)" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/construction-sp/electrical-incidents">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones por choque eléctrico en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/electric-shock.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Electric-Shock.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones por rayos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/lesiones-causadas-por-electricidad-y-rayos/lesiones-por-rayos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries/lightning-injuries">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión eléctrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000053.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras eléctricas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/ART-20056687?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/lightning/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lightning/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad eléctrica: Salud y seguridad para oficios eléctricos: Manual" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2009-113_sp/pdfs/2009-113_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tormentas eléctricas y rayos" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/tormentas-electricas-y-rayos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/thunderstorms-lightning">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay una gran variedad de sustancias como el humo y los gases tóxicos que se pueden inhalar y causar lesiones internas. Síntomas y tratamiento aquí." title="Lesiones por inhalación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html" id="6082" language="Spanish" date-created="02/11/2013">
<also-called>Aspiración de humos tóxicos</also-called>
<also-called>Lesiones por aspiración de gas</also-called>
<also-called>Lesiones por aspiración de humo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones por inhalación son lesiones agudas en el sistema respiratorio y los pulmones. Pueden ocurrir si respira sustancias tóxicas, como humo de incendios, productos químicos, contaminación de partículas y gases. Las lesiones por inhalación también pueden ser causadas por calor extremo, un tipo de lesión térmica. Más de la mitad de las muertes por incendios se deben a lesiones por inhalación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las lesiones por inhalación pueden depender de lo que respiró. Pero a menudo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tos y flema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Picazón en la garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Senos paranasales irritados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en el pecho o sensación de opresión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Picazón en los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nariz que moquea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si usted tiene asma, éste puede empeorar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un problema crónico de corazón o pulmón, una lesión por inhalación puede empeorarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica puede usar un endoscopio para examinar sus vías aéreas y verificar si hay daños. Otras pruebas posibles incluyen pruebas de imágenes de los pulmones, análisis de sangre y pruebas de función pulmonar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene una lesión por inhalación, su proveedor de atención médica buscará de que su vía aérea no esté bloqueada. El tratamiento es con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;terapia de oxígeno&lt;/a&gt; y, en algunos casos, medicamentos. Algunos pacientes necesitan usar un respirador para respirar. La mayoría de las personas mejora, pero algunas personas tienen problemas pulmonares o respiratorios permanentes. Los fumadores y las personas que tuvieron una lesión grave corren un mayor riesgo de tener problemas permanentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tomar algunas medidas para prevenir lesiones por inhalación:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En casa, practique la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html"&gt;seguridad contra incendios&lt;/a&gt;, que incluye la prevención de incendios y un plan en caso de que ocurra un siniestro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si hay humo cerca de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html"&gt;incendio forestal&lt;/a&gt; o mucha contaminación particulada en el aire, intente limitar su tiempo al aire libre. Mantenga el aire interior lo más limpio posible, manteniendo las ventanas cerradas y usando un filtro de aire. Si tiene asma, otra enfermedad pulmonar o enfermedad cardíaca, siga los consejos de su proveedor de atención médica sobre sus medicamentos y su plan de control respiratorio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si está trabajando con químicos o gases, manipúlelos de manera segura y use equipo de protección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html" id="6081" language="English">Inhalation Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Inhalación, Lesiones por</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo ponerse y quitarse adecuadamente un respirador desechable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-133_sp/pdfs/2010-133_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Humo de incendios forestales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/incendiosforestales/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/wildfires/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incendios forestales: Información para los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/wildfires-information-for-parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Wildfires-Information-for-Parents.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalación de humo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/quemaduras/inhalaci%C3%B3n-de-humo">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas pulmonares y esmog volcánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007468.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Conozca los detalles sobre diferentes problemas de la cadera y los tratamientos o terapias aqui." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La cadera es la articulación donde se une el hueso del muslo (fémur) con el de la pelvis. Tiene dos partes principales: Una bola en el extremo del fémur, que se encaja en la cavidad de la pelvis. Su cadera es conocida como una articulación esférica, esto es porque tiene una bola al final del fémur que calza dentro de la cavidad de la pelvis. Esto hace que las caderas sean muy estables y permiten un amplio rango de movimiento. Cuando están sanas, es necesaria mucha fuerza para lastimarlas. Sin embargo, algunas veces hacer deportes, correr, el uso excesivo o las caídas pueden llevar a lesiones en las caderas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Distensiones&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas enfermedades también pueden conducir a lesiones o problemas con las caderas. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt; puede causar dolor y limitar los movimientos. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; en la cadera causa que se debiliten los huesos y se rompan fácilmente. Ambos son comunes en personas mayores. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otro problema es la displasia de cadera, donde la bola al final del fémur está suelta en la cavidad de la cadera. Puede causar dislocación de cadera. Los bebés que tienen displasia de cadera generalmente nacen con ella, pero a veces la desarrollan más tarde.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los problemas de las caderas puede incluir reposo, medicinas, fisioterapia o cirugía, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html"&gt;reemplazo de cadera&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287" language="English">Hip Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html" id="3923">Reemplazo de cadera</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cadera, Lesiones de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pelvis</see-reference>
<site title="Alistar la casa en caso de cirugía de rodilla o de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras fractura de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000168.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007500.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para una distensión muscular de los flexores de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis de cadera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bursitis-de-la-cadera-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bursitis-of-the-hip/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía por fractura de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007386.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controle el dolor por una fractura de cadera: Guía para adultos y personas que ayudan con el cuidado" url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hip-fracture-pain/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hip-fracture-pain/consumer">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contusión de cadera" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hip-pointer.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desgarro del labrum de la cadera" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deslizamiento de la epífisis de la cabeza femoral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/deslizamiento-de-la-epifisis-de-la-cabeza-femoral-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deslizamiento de la epífisis de la cabeza femoral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000972.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000972.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia del desarrollo de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000971.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003179.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003179.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cadera" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/hip-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050684?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hip-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050684?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía: De cadera en los lactantes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-hip.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-hip.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calve-Perthes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001264.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/perthes-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/perthes-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/legg-calve-perthes-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374343?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/legg-calve-perthes-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374343?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de cadera" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de cadera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fracturas-de-cadera-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/seniors/common-older/899.printerview.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección de articulación de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007633.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de cadera en lactantes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/problemas-de-cadera-en-lactantes-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hip-problems-in-infants/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la cadera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-cadera/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/hip-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de cadera: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinovitis transitoria de la cadera" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinovitis-transitoria-de-la-cadera-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/transient-synovitis-of-the-hip/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinovitis tóxica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000981.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinovitis villonodular pigmentada (PVNS)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinovitis-vellonodular-pigmentada-pvns-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pigmented-villonodular-synovitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome doloroso del trocánter mayor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000777.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de cadera" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-hip" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-hip">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido musculoesquelético" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las lesiones de la cara pueden causar dolor y afectar la apariencia. Podrían afectar la vista, la respiración y la capacidad de tragar. Entérese aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1897" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones y las enfermedades en la cara pueden causar dolor y alterar su aspecto. En casos severos, pueden afectar la vista, el habla, la respiración y la capacidad de tragar. Las fracturas óseas, especialmente de los huesos de la nariz, las mejillas y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;mandíbula&lt;/a&gt; son lesiones faciales comunes. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas enfermedades también conducen a enfermedades en la cara. Por ejemplo, las enfermedades de los nervios, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html"&gt;neuralgia del trigémino&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html"&gt;parálisis de Bell&lt;/a&gt; a veces causan dolor facial, espasmos y problemas con los movimientos del ojo o faciales. Los defectos congénitos también pueden afectar la cara. Pueden causar su mal desarrollo y características raramente prominentes o falta de expresión facial. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;labio leporino y el paladar hendido&lt;/a&gt; son defectos congénitos faciales comunes. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1574" language="English">Facial Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="2092">Cirugía plástica y cosmética</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html" id="1825">Labio leporino y paladar hendido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2056">Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2730">Neuralgia del trigémino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html" id="1769">Parálisis de Bell</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cara, Lesiones de la</see-reference>
<site title="Cirugía de reanimación facial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/facial-reanimation-surgery/about/pac-20556545?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/facial-reanimation-surgery/about/pac-20556545?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003027.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmo hemifacial" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-los-pares-craneales/espasmo-hemifacial">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón en la cara" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/hinchazon-de-la-cara/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/facial-swelling/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003105.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis del nervio facial debido a un traumatismo durante el nacimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001425.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003028.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tics faciales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001410.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo facial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001062.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001062.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las lesiones y trastornos de la columna, como la escoliosis o hernia de disco, pueden causar dolor y otros problemas. Entérese sobre tratamientos y más." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2165" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La columna vertebral está formada por 26 huesos llamados vértebras. Las vértebras protegen la médula espinal y le permiten mantenerse de pie e inclinarse. Hay varios problemas que pueden alterar la estructura de la columna o lesionarle las vértebras y el tejido que las rodea. Entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infecciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Traumatismos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tumores &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html"&gt;espondilitis anquilosante&lt;/a&gt;  y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html"&gt;escoliosis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios óseos que ocurren con la edad, tales como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html"&gt;estenosis espinal&lt;/a&gt;  y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html"&gt;hernias de disco&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con frecuencia, las enfermedades de la columna provocan dolor cuando los cambios óseos presionan la médula o los nervios. También pueden limitar el movimiento. El tratamiento varía según la enfermedad, pero algunas veces incluyen aparatos ortopédicos para la espalda y cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1505" language="English">Spine Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tailbonedisorders.html" id="2183">Enfermedades del cóccix</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html" id="2139">Escoliosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="1748">Espondilitis anquilosante</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html" id="2166">Estenosis espinal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html" id="2153">Hernia de disco</related-topic>
<see-reference>Columna vertebral, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Columna vertebral, Lesiones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedades de la columna vertebral</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de la columna vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastamiento vertebral de la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrodesis vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios degenerativos en la columna vertebral: ¿Artritis?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/faq-20058457?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/FAQ-20058457?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cifosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001240.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001240.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cifosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/kyphosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/kyphosis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100119_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100119_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de espalda: ¿cuándo es una buena idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disostosis espondilotorácica (síndrome de Jarcho-Levin)" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12288/disostosis-espondilotoracica/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espondilolistesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001260.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foraminotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007390.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones epidurales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones vertebrales" url="https://www.spine.org/Portals/0/assets/downloads/KnowYourBack/InjectionsSpanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laminectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007389.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lordosis lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003278.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis de la columna lumbar" url="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/spanish-patient-pages/2010/hoja-para-el-paciente-de-jama-100707.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Médica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiropráctica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentarse derecho: Mejore su postura para gozar de una mejor salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna dorsal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007442.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007350.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003787.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracción cervical con halo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de la médula espinal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor medular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001403.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor vertebral" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vertebral-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350123?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100204_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100204_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastia para dolor por fractura de la columna" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vertebroplastia-para-dolor-por-fractura-de-la-columna/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vertebroplasty-for-spine-fracture-pain/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un halo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-brace.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-brace.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Órtesis de halo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000799.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los tipos de lesiones y trastornos de la mandíbula que pueden causar problemas son las dislocaciones, fracturas y los dientes desalineados. Más aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la mandíbula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5537" language="Spanish" date-created="06/21/2010">
<also-called>Enfermedad mandibular</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades de la quijada</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas mandibulares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su mandíbula es un conjunto de huesos que sostiene sus dientes e incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;El maxilar superior: es la parte de arriba de su mandíbula. Sostiene sus dientes superiores para que no se muevan. También sostiene los músculos para masticar y para las expresiones faciales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La mandíbula: es la parte baja de su mandíbula. Usted la mueve al hablar o masticar. También sostiene sus dientes inferiores en su lugar&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Las articulaciones temporomandibulares: son dos articulaciones (una de cada lado) que conectan su mandíbula a su cráneo&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de la mandíbula incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt;, las cuales son lesiones que fuerzan a los extremos de sus huesos fuera de lugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular&lt;/a&gt; son condiciones que afectan sus articulaciones temporomandibulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteonecrosis.html"&gt;Osteonecrosis&lt;/a&gt;, lo cual sucede cuando sus huesos no reciben suficiente sangre. Puede causar que el hueso se rompa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tumores en la mandíbula, los cuales pueden ser benignos (no cancerosos) o cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Defectos de la mandíbula, los cuales son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos de nacimiento&lt;/a&gt; en los que la mandíbula podría faltar o estar deformada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;A menudo se utiliza el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; para diagnosticar lesiones y trastornos de la mandíbula. El tratamiento depende de el problema de la mandíbula que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5536" language="English">Jaw Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1897">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2730">Neuralgia del trigémino</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mandíbula, Lesiones y enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Quijada, Lesiones y enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Agrandamiento del mentón (genioplastia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100009_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100009_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento del mentón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002986.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura o luxación mandibular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000019.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas mandibulares y de la zona media de la cara" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/lesiones-faciales/fracturas-mandibulares-y-de-la-zona-media-de-la-cara" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/fractures-of-the-jaw-and-midface">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luxación de la mandíbula" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/urgencias-dentales/luxaci%C3%B3n-de-la-mand%C3%ADbula" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/urgent-dental-problems/jaw-dislocation">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maloclusión (dientes desalineados)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/s%c3%adntomas-de-los-trastornos-orales-y-dentales/maloclusi%c3%b3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/symptoms-of-oral-and-dental-disorders/malocclusion">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micrognacia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003306.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003306.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión dental defectuosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001058.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteonecrosis de mandíbula" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-de-mandibula" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-of-the-jaw-onj">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prognatismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003026.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Está experimentando problemas con sus manos como dolor o rigidez? Encuentre información acerca de lesiones y trastornos de las manos aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Independientemente de su edad o de lo que haga para ganarse la vida, usted está siempre utilizando las manos. Cuando tiene algún problema con ellas, es posible que no pueda realizar sus actividades habituales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas en las manos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome del túnel carpiano&lt;/a&gt;: compresión de un nervio en su paso a través de la muñeca que provoca entumecimiento frecuente de los dedos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lesiones que resultan en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos), ruptura de ligamentos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt;: artritis por desgaste, que también puede causar deformidad &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;: irritación de los tendones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507" language="English">Hand Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="2120">Fenómeno de Raynaud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2259">Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5357">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145">Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="1799">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mano, Lesiones de la</see-reference>
<site title="Ampollas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blisters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blisters.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrosis de la mano" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/trastornos-de-la-mano/artrosis-de-la-mano">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contractura de Dupuytren" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001233.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contractura de Volkmann" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001221.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio cubital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000789.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio radial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000790.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocación: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/art-20056693?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/ART-20056693?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos en las manos o en los pies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003194.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de la mano" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/fracturas/fracturas-de-la-mano">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglión en la muñeca y la mano" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/quiste-ganglionar-de-la-muneca-y-la-mano-ganglion-cyst/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ganglion-cyst-of-the-wrist-and-hand/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones por sobrecarga" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/rsi.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/rsi.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mano en garra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003169.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manos frías" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/cold-hands/basics/definition/sym-20050648?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/cold-hands/basics/definition/SYM-20050648?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plexopatía braquial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pliegue palmar único" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003290.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la mano, de la muñeca o del brazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimiento para hacer una férula de mano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100142_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100142_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de las manos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003811.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de una extremidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003461.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temblor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003192.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la mano" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/trastornos-de-la-mano/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-mano" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/hand-disorders/overview-of-hand-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para una fractura de la mano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000552.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El dolor en la muñeca puede ser causado por movimientos repetitivos, lesiones u otros problemas. Más sobre trastornos y lesiones de la muñeca aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2259" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su muñeca conecta su mano con su antebrazo. No es una sola gran articulación, sino varias articulaciones pequeñas. Esto la hace flexible y permite a su mano moverse en diferentes maneras. La muñeca tiene dos huesos grandes del antebrazo y ocho pequeños llamados carpianos. También tiene tendones y ligamentos, o tejidos conectivos. Los tendones conectan el músculo al hueso. Los ligamentos conectan a los huesos entre ellos.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca existen?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los tipos más comunes de lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome del túnel carpiano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando un nervio que va del antebrazo a la palma de la mano se comprime en la muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quiste ganglionar&lt;/strong&gt;: Son masas o nódulos no cancerosos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html"&gt;Gota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Tipo de artritis causada por la acumulación de ácido úrico en las articulaciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Huesos rotos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: El tipo más común de artritis. Es causada por el uso y desgaste de las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Lesiones de los ligamentos, músculos o tendones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Inflamación de los tendones, usualmente por uso excesivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas cosas pueden ponerle en mayor riesgo de tener un problema a la muñeca, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Practicar deportes: Esto lo puede poner en riesgo de lesiones y pone su muñeca bajo estrés. Por ejemplo, puede caerse con el brazo estirado al practicar skate o snowboard, cayendo sobre su mano. Su muñeca puede lesionarse al practicar deportes de contacto. Otros deportes, como básquetbol o gimnasia, pueden tensar sus muñecas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer movimientos repetitivos con su muñeca: Como escribir en un teclado, trabajar en una línea de ensamblaje o utilizar herramientas eléctricas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener ciertas enfermedades: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;, lo que puede causar dolor en la muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de un problema de muñeca pueden variar, dependiendo de la afección. Un síntoma común es el dolor, otros posibles signos incluyen inflamación, poca fuerza y entumecimiento u hormigueo repentino.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico, incluyendo examinar la fuerza de su muñeca y cuánto puede moverla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografías&lt;/a&gt; u otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imágenes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el dolor de muñeca dependen del tipo de lesión o trastorno. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No usar la muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar una muñequera o yeso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inyecciones de cortisona&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia física&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para tratar de prevenir problemas en la muñeca, usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar protectores para las muñecas cuando haga deportes que lo pongan en riesgo de lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En el lugar de trabajo, realice ejercicios de estiramientos y tome descansos frecuentes. También debe prestar atención a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html"&gt;ergonomía&lt;/a&gt; para asegurarse de que está utilizando la posición correcta de la muñeca mientras trabaja&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Obtenga suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; para mantener sus huesos fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657" language="English">Wrist Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4330">Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145">Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="1799">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Muñeca, Lesiones de</see-reference>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia de la muñeca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007585.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el esguince de la muñeca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000568.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000568.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados después de una fractura de muñeca de Colles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000896.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de muñeca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003175.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en la muñeca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213?p=1">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de muñeca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-wrist/symptoms-causes/syc-20353169?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas distales del radio (muñeca quebrada)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fracturas-distales-del-radio-muneca-quebrada-distal-radius-fractures/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/distal-radius-fractures-broken-wrist/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglión en la muñeca y la mano" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/quiste-ganglionar-de-la-muneca-y-la-mano-ganglion-cyst/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ganglion-cyst-of-the-wrist-and-hand/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la mano, de la muñeca o del brazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del brazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis de De Quervain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenosinovitis de De Quervain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/de-quervain-tenosynovitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371332?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/de-quervain-tenosynovitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371332?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay muchos problemas que pueden afectar a la nariz: la desviación del tabique nasal, pólipos, hemorragias, rinitis, o fracturas. Aprenda más aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2056" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades nasales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La nariz es importante para su salud. Esta filtra el aire que respira, eliminando el polvo, los gérmenes y los irritantes. Calienta y humedece el aire para evitar que los pulmones y los tubos que conducen a ellos se resequen. La nariz también contiene células nerviosas que ayudan al sentido del olfato. Cuando existe un problema en la nariz, todo el cuerpo puede sufrir. Por ejemplo, la nariz tapada por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfrío&lt;/a&gt; puede dificultar la respiración, el sueño o el bienestar general. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además del resfrío, muchos otros problemas pueden afectar la nariz. Entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tabique nasal desviado: es un desvío de la pared que divide la cavidad nasal en mitades &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pólipos nasales: masas blandas que se desarrollan en la mucosa nasal o de los senos paranasales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hemorragias nasales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html"&gt;Rinitis alérgica&lt;/a&gt;: inflamación de la nariz y de los senos paranasales, a veces causado por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;alergias&lt;/a&gt;. El principal síntoma es la secreción nasal. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Fracturas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1400" language="English">Nose Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="2092">Cirugía plástica y cosmética</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html" id="2147">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="2184">Trastornos del gusto y del olfato</related-topic>
<see-reference>Enfermedades de la nariz</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nariz, Enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nariz, Lesiones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nariz, Sangrado</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nasales, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Problemas nasales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rinitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sangrado de nariz</see-reference>
<site title="Aerosoles nasales con corticosteroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aerosoles nasales: Cómo usarlos correctamente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aerosoles-nasales-como-usarlos-correctamente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/nasal-sprays-how-to-use-them-correctly/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aleteo nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003055.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras septoplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000246.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000246.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiofibroma juvenil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001572.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una fractura nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000554.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia coanal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001642.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la mucosa nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003848.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003848.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía plástica de la nariz (rinoplastia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100070_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100070_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía turbinada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007563.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuerpo extraño en la nariz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000037.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007627.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estornudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003060.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de nariz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000061.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma septal nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001292.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003106.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragias nasales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/nosebleeds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nosebleeds.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragias nasales (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nosebleeds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nosebleeds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragias nasales (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nose-bleed.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nose-bleed.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones nasales bacterianas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-nariz-y-de-los-senos-paranasales/infecciones-nasales-bacterianas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/bacterial-nasal-infections">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moqueo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/sym-20050640?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/SYM-20050640?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ocena" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001627.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente o papilomatosis laríngea" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perforación del tabique" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-nariz-y-de-los-senos-paranasales/perforaci%C3%B3n-del-tabique">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puente nasal ancho" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003057.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puente nasal bajo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003056.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003056.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos nasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001641.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinofima" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001037.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinopatía no alérgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001648.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinoplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002983.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003051.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrados de nariz crónicos: Qué debemos hacer" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/chronic-nosebleeds-what-to-do.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Chronic-Nosebleeds-What-To-Do.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrados nasales" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrados-nasales-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nosebleeds/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septoplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septoplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100038_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100038_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabique desviado" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-nariz-y-de-los-senos-paranasales/tabique-desviado">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007349.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis del seno cavernoso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001628.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu nariz" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué gotea mi nariz?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose-run.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose-run.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un moco?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/booger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/booger.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué me hace estornudar?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sneeze.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sneeze.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las lesiones y trastornos de las piernas pueden afectar a toda la pierna o sólo una parte. Lea sobre esguinces, torceduras y fracturas de la pierna." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2002" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las piernas están formadas por huesos, vasos sanguíneos, músculos y otros tejidos conectivos. Son importantes para moverse y como soporte del cuerpo. La práctica deportiva, correr, las caídas o los accidentes pueden lesionar sus piernas. Las lesiones más comunes incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocaciones de una articulación&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estas lesiones pueden afectar toda la pierna o solamente el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;pie&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;tobillo&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;rodilla&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;cadera&lt;/a&gt;. Algunas enfermedades también causan problemas en las piernas. Por ejemplo, la osteoartritis de la rodilla, común en personas mayores, puede causar dolor y limitarles sus movimientos. Los problemas en las venas de las piernas pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html"&gt;várices&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html"&gt;trombosis venosa profunda&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="509" language="English">Leg Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1747">Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html" id="1822">Problemas circulatorios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html" id="5674">Problemas para caminar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/restlesslegs.html" id="2126">Síndrome de las piernas inquietas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="2269">Trombosis venosa profunda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html" id="2217">Várices</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pierna, Lesiones y enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rengueo</see-reference>
<site title="Alargamiento de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100127_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100127_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alargamiento y acortamiento de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002965.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002965.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras reparación de fractura femoral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000166.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amputación de un pie o una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007365.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anomalías esqueléticas de las extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003170.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de síndrome de la banda iliotibial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000683.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calambres nocturnos en las piernas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/night-leg-cramps/basics/definition/sym-20050813?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/night-leg-cramps/basics/definition/SYM-20050813?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Claudicación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con las úlceras isquémicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales en caso de úlceras venosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000744.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el dolor en las espinillas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000654.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio femoral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000687.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio peroneo común" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000791.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003182.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003182.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growing-pains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growing-pains.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Edema" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/edema-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/edema/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad arterial periférica y claudicación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-arterial-periferica-y-claudicacion-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peripheral-arterial-disease-and-claudication/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Blount" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001584.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Blount" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blount-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Buerger" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de pierna" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-leg/symptoms-causes/syc-20370412?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-leg/symptoms-causes/syc-20370412?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de pierna" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/sym-20050910?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/SYM-20050910?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de tobillos, pies y piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia venosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000203.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en las placas de crecimiento" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-en-las-placas-de-crecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones por sobrecarga" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/rsi.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/rsi.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meralgia parestésica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/meralgia-paresthetica/symptoms-causes/syc-20355635?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periostitis tibial" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/shin-splints.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periostitis tibial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/shin-splints/symptoms-causes/syc-20354105?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shin-splints/symptoms-causes/syc-20354105?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piernas arqueadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001585.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piernas arqueadas y rodillas torcidas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/paginas/bowlegs-and-knock-knees.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Bowlegs-and-Knock-Knees.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de las piernas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-las-piernas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/leg-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Longitud de las piernas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-leg-length.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-leg-length.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Tibia y peroné" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-lower-leg.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-lower-leg.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007357.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodillas valgas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001263.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001263.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del tunel tarsal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000792.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000792.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007348.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tromboflebitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thrombophlebitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354607?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thrombophlebitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354607?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasos sanguíneos de la pierna" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vasos-sanguineos-de-la-pierna/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vasculature-of-the-leg/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índice tobillo-brazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las lesiones y trastornos de la rodilla pueden causar dolor y rigidez. Entérese cómo las enfermedades reumáticas y daño al cartílago afectan a la rodilla." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La articulación de la rodilla se compone de hueso, cartílago, ligamentos y líquidos. Los músculos y los tendones ayudan a que la rodilla se mueva en su articulación. Cuando alguna de estas estructuras se lastima o se enferma, surgen problemas. Los problemas en las rodillas pueden provocar dolor y dificultades para caminar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas en las rodillas son muy comunes y pueden ocurrir a cualquier edad. Pueden interferir con muchas actividades, desde la práctica de deportes hasta poder levantarse de una silla y caminar. Pueden tener un gran impacto en su vida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad más común que afecta los huesos de las rodillas es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;. El cartílago de la rodilla se desgasta gradualmente y provoca dolor e inflamación. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones en los ligamentos y tendones también causan problemas con la rodilla. Una lesión común se produce en el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Estas lesiones frecuentemente suelen ocurrir por un movimiento de torsión repentino. Las lesiones del LCA y otras son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones deportivas&lt;/a&gt; comunes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los problemas con la rodilla depende de la causa. En algunos casos, el médico puede recomendar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html"&gt;reemplazo de rodilla&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304" language="English">Knee Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2002">Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html" id="3925">Reemplazo de rodilla</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ligamento cruciforme anterior</see-reference>
<see-reference>Osgood-Schlatter</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rodilla, Lesiones y enfermedades de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rótula</see-reference>
<site title="Alistar la casa en caso de cirugía de rodilla o de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras artroscopia de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000199.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000189.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000189.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002972.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002972.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100117_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100117_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de rupturas de menisco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000684.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de síndrome de la banda iliotibial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000683.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una lesión del ligamento lateral (LL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000671.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento por lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000681.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000681.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía mediante microfracturas de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007255.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades del dolor de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003187_92.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003187_56.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados después del tratamiento de una lesión del ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000680.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desgarros del ligamento cruzado anterior" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acl-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acl-injuries.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desgarros del ligamento cruzado anterior (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/acl-injuries.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor anterior de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000452.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003187.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-osgood-schlatter-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osgood-schlatter-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001258.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/osgood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/osgood.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones de rodilla (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/knee-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/knee-injuries.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones del ligamento colateral medial" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mcl-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mcl-injuries.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001074.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ligamento cruzado anterior: Reparación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100230_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100230_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteocondritis-disecante-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteochondritis-dissecans/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteotomía de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007499.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteotomía de la tibia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100223_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100223_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de rodilla" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-rodilla/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/knee-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de Baker" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001222.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007208.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de rodilla: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007361.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la rodilla" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/kneemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/kneemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilla de saltador" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilla de saltador (tendinitis rotuliana)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilla hinchada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/swollen-knee/symptoms-causes/syc-20378129?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swollen-knee/symptoms-causes/syc-20378129?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodillas valgas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001263.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001263.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilleras: ¿Qué funciona?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/rodilleras-que-funciona/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/knee-bracing-what-works/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinovitis villonodular pigmentada (PVNS)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinovitis-vellonodular-pigmentada-pvns-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pigmented-villonodular-synovitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor patelofemoral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-dolor-patelofemoral-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor rótulofemoral (Rodilla del corredor)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/runners-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/runners-knee.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis rotuliana" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/patellar-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376113?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/patellar-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376113?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007345.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de aloinjerto meniscal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007209.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para la luxación rotuliana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000585.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para una fractura de la rótula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000582.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido musculoesquelético" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Se machucó el dedo por accidente? Es difícil regresar a sus quehaceres diarios. Entérese sobre las lesiones y trastornos de los dedos aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5357" language="Spanish" date-created="04/21/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted utiliza sus dedos y pulgares para hacer de todo, desde tomar objetos y tocar instrumentos hasta escribir en la computadora. Cuando no funcionan bien, puede hacerle la vida difícil. Los problemas más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones que producen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; ruptura de ligamentos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;luxaciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt;: desgaste que también puede causar deformidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;: irritación de los tendones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contractura de Dupuytren: una afección hereditaria que produce un engrosamiento del tejido por debajo de la piel de su mano, lo que causa contractura y curvatura en sus dedos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dedo en gatillo: una irritación del revestimiento de los tendones flexores, lo que a veces causa que el tendón se flexione en forma de gatillo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5356" language="English">Finger Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html" id="2046">Enfermedades de las uñas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="2120">Fenómeno de Raynaud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dedos, Lesiones y enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<site title="Aracnodactilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003288.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis del pulgar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el dedo en martillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000538.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el pulgar de esquiador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000572.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo en gatillo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/trigger-finger/symptoms-causes/syc-20365100?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trigger-finger/symptoms-causes/syc-20365100?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo en gatillo" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/dedo-en-gatillo-trigger-finger" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/trigger-finger/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana de Cirugía de la Mano</organization>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo en resorte" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000565.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedos de las manos que cambian de color" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003249.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedos de las manos y pies en palillo de tambor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003282.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedos rotos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000018.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en los dedos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003248.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercitando su dedo después de una lesión" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejercitando-su-dedo-despues-de-una-lesion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/exercising-your-finger-after-an-injury/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces del pulgar" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/esguinces-y-otras-lesiones-de-partes-blandas/esguinces-del-pulgar">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión de los dedos de las manos y de los pies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003289.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mano en garra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003169.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polidactilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003176.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reimplantación de los dedos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002967.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reimplantación de los dedos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100097_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100097_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de la fusión de los dedos de las manos o de los pies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002969.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de sindactilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100096_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100096_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lesiones y trastornos del dedo del pie incluyen juanetes, esguinces, fracturas y uñas encarnadas. Lea sobre dolor del dedo del pie y sus tratamientos. " title="Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3649" language="Spanish" date-created="04/20/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Catorce de los 26 huesos en los pies están en los dedos. Los dedos de los pies, especialmente el dedo gordo, lo ayudan a moverse y a mantener el equilibrio. Practicar deportes, correr y dejar caer algo encima de los pies puede lesionar los dedos. El uso de zapatos demasiado holgados o demasiado ajustados también puede causar problemas en los dedos del pie. Algunas enfermedades, como la artritis severa, pueden causar problemas y dolor en los dedos. Con frecuencia, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html"&gt;gota&lt;/a&gt; causa dolor en el dedo gordo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas comunes en los dedos de los pies incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;Callos&lt;/a&gt; y juanetes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html"&gt;Uñas&lt;/a&gt; encarnadas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Torceduras y dislocaciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de las lesiones y los trastornos puede variar. Puede incluir aparatos que se insertan en el calzado o zapatos especiales, plantillas, esparadrapos, medicinas, reposo y, en casos severos, cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3648" language="English">Toe Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html" id="5834">Callos y callosidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html" id="1911">Salud del pie</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dedos del pie, Lesiones y enfermedades de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pie, Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras extirpación de juanete" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000191.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000191.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras reparación del dedo del pie en martillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000575.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capsulitis del segundo dedo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/capsulitis-of-the-second-toe?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/capsulitis-of-the-second-toe">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de juanetes" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/frequently-asked-questions-about-bunion-surgery?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del dedo del pie en martillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007559.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales en caso de fractura del dedo del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000520.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000520.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curación de los huesos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo de césped" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/turf-toe?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/turf-toe">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo del pie en martillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001235.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo del pie en martillo y dedo del pie en maza" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hammertoe-and-mallet-toe/symptoms-causes/syc-20350839?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hammertoe-and-mallet-toe/symptoms-causes/syc-20350839?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedos de las manos y pies en palillo de tambor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003282.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-pain-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminación del juanete" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100005_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100005_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación del juanete" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002962.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002962.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenómeno de Raynaud" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/fenomeno-de-raynaud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de los dedos del pie y de los huesos metatarsianos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/toe-and-metatarsal-fractures-(broken-toes)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/toe-and-metatarsal-fractures-(broken-toes)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas del quinto metatarsiano" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión de los dedos de las manos y de los pies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003289.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hallux rigidus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-swelling-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación aguda" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juanete" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000019.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Juanetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001231.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juanetes (Hallux Abducto Valgus)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juanetes de sastre (bunionette)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en un hueso sesamoideo del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/sesamoid-injuries-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/sesamoid-injuries-in-the-foot">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión en los dedos del pie" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Paginas/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Lesi%C3%B3n+en+los+Dedos+del+Pie">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroma de Morton" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/morton-s-neuroma-(intermetatarsal-neuroma)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/morton-s-neuroma-(intermetatarsal-neuroma)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie en garra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003168.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polidactilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003176.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los pies" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reimplantación de los dedos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002967.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reimplantación de los dedos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100097_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100097_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la gota?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/gota" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/gout">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lesiones y trastornos del brazo incluyen problemas de los nervios, esguinces, luxaciones, tendinitis y enfermedades como la artritis. Más aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4330" language="Spanish" date-created="08/30/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;De los 206 huesos en el cuerpo, tres de ellos se encuentran en el brazo: el húmero, el cúbito y el radio. Los brazos también están formados por músculos, articulaciones, tendones y otros tejidos conectivos. Pueden ocurrir lesiones en cualquiera de estas partes del brazo al practicar algún deporte, en caso de una caída o un accidente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tipos de lesiones en el brazo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html"&gt;bursitis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Torceduras&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="../spanish/fractures.html" tid="1913"&gt;Fracturas (huesos rotos)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;Problemas de los nervios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También puede haber problemas o lesiones en partes específicas del brazo, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;mano&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;muñeca&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;codo&lt;/a&gt; o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hombro&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4329" language="English">Arm Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2259">Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145">Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro</related-topic>
<see-reference>Brazo, Lesiones y enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Anomalías esqueléticas de las extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003170.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compresión del nervio cubital en el codo (síndrome del túnel cubital)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/atrapamiento-del-nervio-cubital-en-el-codo-sindrome-del-tunel-cubital-ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow-cubital-tunnel-syndrome/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contractura de Volkmann" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001221.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio radial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000790.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de brazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/arm-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050870?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/arm-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050870?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Buerger" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/buergers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350658?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas distales del radio (muñeca quebrada)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fracturas-distales-del-radio-muneca-quebrada-distal-radius-fractures/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/distal-radius-fractures-broken-wrist/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plexopatía braquial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la mano, de la muñeca o del brazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protuberancia axilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003099.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quebradura de brazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/broken-arm/symptoms-causes/syc-20353260?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-arm/symptoms-causes/syc-20353260?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del brazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome compartimental crónico por ejercicio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del brazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007347.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para una fractura de la cabeza del radio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000561.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay muchas cosas que pueden causar dolor en el codo. Los problemas más comunes son la tendinitis, bursitis y la artritis. Entérese." title="Lesiones y enfermedades del codo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La articulación del codo se compone del hueso, cartílago, ligamentos y líquidos. Los músculos y los tendones ayudan a que el codo se mueva en su articulación. Cuando alguna de estas estructuras se lastima o se enferma, surgen los problemas en el codo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas cosas que pueden ocasionar dolor en el codo. Una causa común es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;, una inflamación o lesión de los tendones que unen los músculos al hueso. La tendinitis del codo es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesión deportiva&lt;/a&gt;, con frecuencia por jugar tenis o golf. También puede ocurrir una tendinitis por usar excesivamente el codo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otras causas de dolor en el codo incluyen distensiones, torceduras, fracturas, dislocaciones, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html"&gt;bursitis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;. El tratamiento dependerá de la causa.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506" language="English">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2259">Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca</related-topic>
<see-reference>Codo de tenista</see-reference>
<see-reference>Codo, Lesiones y enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras artroplastia del codo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000195.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000195.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de epicondilitis humeral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000657.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroplastia del codo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007258.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el codo de tenista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007590.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Codo de tenista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000449.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compresión del nervio cubital en el codo (síndrome del túnel cubital)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/atrapamiento-del-nervio-cubital-en-el-codo-sindrome-del-tunel-cubital-ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow-cubital-tunnel-syndrome/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de codo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003172.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el codo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/elbow-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050874?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/elbow-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050874?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Panner" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/panners-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epicondilitis medial (codo de golfista)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007638.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguince de codo: Postratamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de los codos en los niños" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fracturas-de-los-codos-en-los-ninos-elbow-fractures-in-children" language-mapped-url="http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00037">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas del codo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/fracturas/fracturas-del-codo">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones en las articulaciones y en los tejidos blandos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteocondritis-disecante-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteochondritis-dissecans/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osteochondritis-dissecans.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la mano, de la muñeca o del brazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del brazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subluxación de la cabeza del radio (codo dislocado)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000983.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El dolor de cuello es muy común y puede ocurrir por muchas razones. Aprenda las diferentas causas y cómo lidiar con el dolor de cuello." title="Lesiones y enfermedades del cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2049" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cualquier parte del cuello: músculos, huesos, articulaciones, tendones, ligamentos o nervios puede ocasionar problemas y dolor en el cuello. El dolor también puede provenir del hombro, la mandíbula, la cabeza o los brazos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las distensiones musculares o la tensión suelen causar dolor en el cuello. El problema suele ser el exceso de uso, como ocurre al sentarse durante demasiado tiempo frente a una computadora. Algunas veces, los músculos del cuello pueden torcerse por dormir en posiciones incómodas o por excederse en el ejercicio. Las caídas o los accidentes, incluyendo los accidentes automovilísticos, son otra causa común de dolor en el cuello. El latigazo cervical, una lesión de los tejidos blandos del cuello, también se denomina distensión o torcedura del cuello. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la causa, pero puede incluir hielo, analgésicos, fisioterapia o un collarín cervical. Raras veces se requiere cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="339" language="English">Neck Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html" id="1931">Cáncer de cabeza y cuello</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2165">Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cervical, Traumatismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cuello, Lesiones y enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Región cervical de la columna vertebral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Traumatismo cervical</see-reference>
<site title="Ardores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/burners-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/burners/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrodesis vertebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bulto en el cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003098.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de la columna cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100133_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100133_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disección del cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007573.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distonía cervical" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervical-dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354123?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003025.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003025.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cuello" url="https://rheumatology.org/dolor-de-cuello" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/neck-pain">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cuello: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375587?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos o dolor cervical: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000802.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espondilosis cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000436.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fusión espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón del cuello" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/hinchazon-del-cuello/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/neck-swelling/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperextensión cervical" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inclinación de la cabeza" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/cleft-craniofacial/paginas/head-tilt.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/Cleft-Craniofacial/Pages/Head-Tilt.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joroba detrás de los hombros (grasa dorsocervical)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003112.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareo cervicogénico" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/cervicogenic_dizziness_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielopatía cervical espondilótica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mielopatia-cervical-espondilotica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cervical-spondylotic-myelopathy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurotomía por radiofrecuencia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del cuello" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-del-cuello/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/neck-pain/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiropráctica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiste branquiógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001396.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiculopatía cervical (nervio pinzado)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/radiculopatia-cervical-nervio-pinzado-cervical-radiculopathy" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/cervical-radiculopathy-pinched-nerve/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003805.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003805.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007354.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scan-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007351.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tortícolis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/torticollis-kids.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tortícolis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000749.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracción cervical con halo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los hombros se pueden ver afectados por lesiones como los esguinces, distensiones y desgarro del manguito rotador. Tratamientos para lesiones aquí." title="Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La articulación del hombro se compone de tres huesos: la clavícula, el omóplato y el húmero. Sus hombros son las articulaciones más móviles de su cuerpo. También puede ser inestable debido a que la bola de la parte superior del brazo es más grande que la cavidad del hombro que la sujeta. Para permanecer en una posición estable o normal, el hombro debe estar anclado por músculos, tendones y ligamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a que su hombro puede ser inestable, puede lesionarse fácilmente. Los problemas comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt; Torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html"&gt;Dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Separaciones&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ruptura del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html"&gt;manguito rotador&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hombro congelado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;Artritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt; 

 &lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar los problemas del hombro, los profesionales de la salud usan su historia clínica, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, el primer tratamiento para los problemas del hombro es el reposo, hielo, compresión y elevación (método RICE, en inglés). Otros tratamientos incluyen ejercicio y medicamentos para reducir el dolor y la hinchazón. Si eso no funciona, es posible que necesite cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505" language="English">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html" id="5933">Lesiones del manguito rotatorio del hombro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4330">Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html" id="2193">Síndrome de la salida torácica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hombro, Lesiones y enfermedades del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lesión del manguito de los rotadores</see-reference>
<see-reference>Manguito de los rotadores, Lesión</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras artroplastia del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000178.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000179.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000179.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007206.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una fractura de clavícula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000529.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una luxación del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000524.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio axilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000689.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dislocación de articulación del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000111.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003171.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003171.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre el dolor de hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003171_77.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003171_17.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de clavícula en el recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001588.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombro congelado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000455.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombro dislocado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dislocated-shoulder/symptoms-causes/syc-20371715?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inestabilidad del hombro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/inestabilidad-del-hombro-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shoulder-instability/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de cortisona" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones en las articulaciones y en los tejidos blandos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plexopatía braquial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del hombro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-del-hombro/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/shoulder-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007387.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo total inverso del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo total inverso del hombro: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000987.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000987.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007359.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del hombro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la abertura torácica superior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001434.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007346.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para el hombro congelado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000550.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000550.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para una separación del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000562.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido musculoesquelético" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del hombro después de cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000175.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del hombro después de la artroplastia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000176.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cuidado de los pies es una parte importante de su cuidado de salud general. Aprenda sobre las lesiones y trastornos comunes de los pies." title="Lesiones y enfermedades del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada uno de sus pies tiene 26 huesos, 33 articulaciones y más de 100 tendones, músculos y ligamentos. Por ello pueden afectarle muchos problemas de salud. Entre los más comunes se encuentran:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Juanetes&lt;/a&gt;: Masa dura y dolorosa en la articulación del dedo gordo del pie &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;Callos y durezas&lt;/a&gt;: Engrosamiento de la piel por la fricción o la presión &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Verrugas plantares: Verrugas en la planta del pie &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Caída del arco: También conocido como pie plano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El uso de zapatos inadecuados suele causar estos problemas. La edad y el sobrepeso también aumentan las posibilidades de tener problemas en los pies.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508" language="English">Foot Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2002">Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3649">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3651">Lesiones y enfermedades del talón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1747">Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html" id="1854">Pie diabético</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html" id="1911">Salud del pie</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dedo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fascitis plantar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pie, Lesiones y enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Ampollas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blisters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blisters.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amputación de un pie o una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007365.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Andar de puntillas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toe-walking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toe-walking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arco plantar alto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001261.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ardor en los pies" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/burning-feet/basics/definition/SYM-20050809?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/burning-feet/basics/definition/SYM-20050809?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide en el pie y tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis-in-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento en el hogar para un esguince del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Callos y callosidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001232.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caída del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007761.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coalición tarsal" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curación de los huesos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del nervio peroneo común" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del tendón tibial posterior (PTTD)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003183.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003183.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-pain-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinismo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos en las manos o en los pies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003194.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fascitis plantar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fascitis-plantar-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/plantar-fasciitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fascitis plantar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007021.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibroma plantar" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-fibroma?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-fibroma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de los dedos del pie y de los huesos metatarsianos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/toe-and-metatarsal-fractures-(broken-toes)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/toe-and-metatarsal-fractures-(broken-toes)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de los metatarsianos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/fracturas/fracturas-de-los-metatarsianos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas del quinto metatarsiano" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heridas por punción" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-swelling-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de tobillos, pies y piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación aguda" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juanetes (Hallux Abducto Valgus)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juanetes de sastre (bunionette)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones del tendón peroneo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en un hueso sesamoideo del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/sesamoid-injuries-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/sesamoid-injuries-in-the-foot">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcha convergente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/marcha-convergente-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intoeing/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metatarsalgia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/metatarsalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354790?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metatarsalgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354790?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metatarso aducto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001601.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroma de Morton" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/morton-s-neuroma-(intermetatarsal-neuroma)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/morton-s-neuroma-(intermetatarsal-neuroma)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroma de Morton" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007286.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis del pie y el tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie cavo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de Charcot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de Charcot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007748.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie en garra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003168.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie plano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001262.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie plano flexible" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie plano pediátrico" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/pediatric-flatfoot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="http://www.foothealthfacts.org/footankleinfo/pediatric-flatfoot.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie zambo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/pie-zambo.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/baby/clubfoot.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie zambo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001228.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies fríos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cold-feet?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies hacia adentro (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gait.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gait.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies hacia afuera" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/out-toeing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/out-toeing.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los pies" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste de ganglio" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ganglion-cyst">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de una extremidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003461.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del pie zambo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002964.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica del pie zambo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100056_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100056_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007357.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para fractura metatarsiana (aguda)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000571.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento poshospitalario para una fractura metatarsiana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000553.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verruga plantar" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-wart-(verruca-plantaris)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-wart-(verruca-plantaris)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas plantares" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué causa el dolor en el talón? Lea sobre las causas y condiciones que pueden resultar en problemas con dolor en el talón. " title="Lesiones y enfermedades del talón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3651" language="Spanish" date-created="04/29/2004">
<also-called>Enfermedades del calcañal</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas con el carcañal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los problemas en el talón son comunes y pueden ser dolorosos. Con frecuencia, resultan de un exceso de tensión en el hueso del talón y los tejidos que lo rodean. La tensión puede provenir de:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lesiones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hematomas que se adquieren al caminar, correr o saltar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Uso de zapatos que no le quedan bien o no están bien hechos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sobrepeso &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Esto puede conducir a tendinitis, bursitis y fasciitis, que son tipos de inflamación de los tejidos que rodean el talón. Con el tiempo, la tensión puede causar espolones óseos y deformidades. Algunas enfermedades, como la artritis reumatoide y la gota, también pueden conducir a problemas en los talones. El tratamiento de los problemas en los talones puede incluir reposo, medicinas, ejercicio, uso de vendas y zapatos especiales. Rara vez se requiere cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3650" language="English">Heel Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html" id="1911">Salud del pie</related-topic>
<see-reference>Talón, Lesiones y enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Atrapamiento del nervio plantar medial y lateral" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/problemas-en-los-pies-y-los-tobillos/atrapamiento-del-nervio-plantar-medial-y-lateral" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/foot-and-ankle-problems/medial-and-lateral-plantar-nerve-entrapment">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bursitis retrocalcánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001073.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coalición tarsal" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curación de los huesos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deformidad de Haglund" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/haglund%E2%80%99s-deformity?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/haglund%E2%80%99s-deformity">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de talón y tendinitis de Aquiles: Cuidados posteriores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor del talón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003181.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003181.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-pain-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Sever" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-sever-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/severs-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Sever" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/severs-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/severs-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fascitis plantar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fascitis-plantar-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/plantar-fasciitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fascitis plantar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007021.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas del calcáneo (fracturas del hueso del talón)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-calcaneus-(heel-bone-fractures)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-swelling-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los pies" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del tendón de Aquiles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007643.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptura del tendón de Aquiles" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talones rajados" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis aquílea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001072.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis de Aquiles" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/achilles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/achilles.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos comunes del tendón de Aquiles" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/achilles-tendon-disorders?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento posoperatorio para la ruptura del tendón de Aquiles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000546.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las lesiones del tobillo y los trastornos del tobillo pueden afectar los tendones y el cartílago. Aprenda sobre los esguinces y fracturas del tobillo." title="Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1747" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El hueso del tobillo (astrágalo) y el extremo inferior de los dos huesos de la pierna forman la articulación del tobillo. Los ligamentos, que conectan los huesos entre sí, estabilizan y dan soporte a la articulación. Los músculos y tendones lo mueven. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas más comunes del tobillo son las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;torceduras&lt;/a&gt; y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos). Una torcedura o esguince es una lesión en los ligamentos. Los esguinces pueden tardar algunas semanas o hasta varios meses en sanar completamente. Una fractura es una ruptura de un hueso. También pueden ocurrir lesiones en otras partes del tobillo como los tendones, que unen los músculos al hueso, y los cartílagos, que amortiguan los roces e impactos de las articulaciones. Las torceduras y las fracturas del tobillo son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones deportivas&lt;/a&gt; comunes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1612" language="English">Ankle Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html" id="2235">Torceduras y distensiones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tobillo, Lesiones y enfermedades del</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras artroplastia de tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000190.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide en el pie y tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis-in-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroplastia del tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007254.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007254.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia del tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007584.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una fractura de tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000548.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el esguince de tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curación de los huesos" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del tendón tibial posterior (PTTD)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003167.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-pain-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinismo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguince de tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100209_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100209_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces de tobillo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ankle-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ankle-sprains.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces de tobillo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esguinces-de-tobillo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ankle-fractures?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="http://www.foothealthfacts.org/footankleinfo/ankle-fracture.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de las articulaciones del pie" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/joint-swelling-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de pierna" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/sym-20050910?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/definition/SYM-20050910?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de tobillos, pies y piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003104.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inestabilidad crónica de tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflamación aguda" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/acute-inflammation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones en las articulaciones y en los tejidos blandos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones del tendón peroneo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/peroneal-tendon-injuries">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del domo talar" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/talar-dome-lesion?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/talar-dome-lesion">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis del pie y el tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los tobillos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-tobillos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/ankle-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de una extremidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003461.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Tobillo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-ankle.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-ankle.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007357.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del hueso trígono (os trigonum)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/os-trigonum-syndrome?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/os-trigonum-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del túnel tarsiano" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-tunnel-syndrome?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tobillos dislocados" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/paginas/sprained-ankles.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Sprained-Ankles.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del esguince de tobillo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/paginas/ankle-sprain-treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/Pages/Ankle-Sprain-Treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cirujano de pie y tobillo?" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/what-is-a-foot-and-ankle-surgeon?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/what-is-a-foot-and-ankle-surgeon">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Al interior de su pecho se encuentran órganos vitales, como el corazón, el esófago y los pulmones. Conozca las diferentes lesiones y enfermedades del tórax" title="Lesiones y enfermedades del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5859" language="Spanish" date-created="08/29/2011">
<also-called>Problemas torácicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el tórax?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tórax es la parte del cuerpo entre el cuello y el abdomen (vientre). Tórax es el término médico para el pecho.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Su tórax contiene muchas estructuras importantes para la respiración, la digestión, la circulación sanguínea y otras funciones importantes del cuerpo. Estas estructuras incluyen:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Costillas y esternón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esófago, el conducto entre la boca y el estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tráquea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronquios, los conductos que transportan el aire desde la tráquea hasta los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pleura, una capa delgada de tejido que cubre los pulmones y recubre la pared interior del espacio torácico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Corazón y vasos sanguíneos grandes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Timo, una glándula que forma parte del sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nervios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las lesiones y enfermedades del tórax?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones y enfermedades torácicos son problemas que afectan cualquiera de los órganos o estructuras ubicados en el tórax.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos de lesiones y enfermedades del tórax, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Costillas rotas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;Enfermedades del esófago&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;, también llamados disfagia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trachealdisorders.html"&gt;Enfermedades de la tráquea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas de los bronquios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades pulmonares&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collapsedlung.html"&gt;colapso de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos pleurales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del mediastino, tumores, inflamación y otros problemas con las estructuras del mediastino, el espacio entre los pulmones, el esternón y la columna vertebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html"&gt;Aneurisma de la aorta&lt;/a&gt; torácica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome de la salida torácica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones en el tórax pueden ocurrir por la fuerza de accidentes automovilísticos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones deportivas&lt;/a&gt;. El pecho también puede ser perforado por una bala o un objeto punzante. Debido a que el tórax contiene varias estructuras importantes, ciertas lesiones pueden poner en riesgo la vida.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las lesiones y enfermedades del tórax?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El diagnóstico de lesiones o enfermedades torácicas depende del tipo de síntomas que tenga y de si ha tenido una lesión en el tórax. Las lesiones suelen ser obvias, pero en la mayoría de los casos, necesitará pruebas para saber qué tan grave es una lesión.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos de pruebas para diagnosticar diferentes tipos de lesiones y trastornos del tórax, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Pruebas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/"&gt;Pruebas de función pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/"&gt;Broncoscopia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-pleural/"&gt;Análisis de líquido pleural&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-disfagia/"&gt;Pruebas de disfagia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos dependerán del tipo de lesión o trastorno del tórax que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="5858" language="English">Chest Injuries and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4628">Trastornos pleurales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tórax, Lesiones y enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía de tórax en embudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000298.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento de una fractura de costilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000539.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Costocondritis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/costochondritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/costochondritis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costocondritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000164.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho (crónico)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-cronico/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-chronic/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en la caja torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003109.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración TAC de tórax" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas de las costillas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-tor%C3%A1cicos/fracturas-de-las-costillas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/rib-fractures">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de sonda pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de una sonda torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones torácicas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-tor%c3%a1cicos/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-lesiones-tor%c3%a1cicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/introduction-to-chest-injuries">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000081.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%c3%b3n-y-las-v%c3%adas-respiratorias/trastornos-pleurales-y-del-mediastino/mediastinitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/mediastinitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopia con biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumomediastino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000084.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumotórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100150_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100150_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumotórax en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007312.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de tórax en embudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002949.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica de tórax excavado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100035_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100035_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la costilla deslizante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007765.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor mediastinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001086.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tórax en quilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003321.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tórax excavado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003320.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cirujano especializado en cirugía cardiotorácica o torácica?" url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/es/%C2%BFqu%C3%A9-es-un-cirujano-especializado-en-cirug%C3%ADa-cardiotor%C3%A1cica-o-tor%C3%A1cica" language-mapped-url="https://ctsurgerypatients.org/what-is-a-cardiothoracic-surgeon">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El traumatismo cerebral ocurre cuando una lesión o golpe en la cabeza daña el cerebro. El tratamiento y pronóstico dependen de lo grave de la lesión." title="Lesión cerebral traumática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="1930" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Daño cerebral traumático</also-called>
<also-called>Lesión encefálica traumática</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una lesión cerebral traumática?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La lesión cerebral traumática es una lesión repentina que causa daño al cerebro. Puede ocurrir por un golpe, impacto o sacudida en la cabeza. Esta es una lesión cerrada de la cabeza. También puede ocurrir cuando un objeto entra al cráneo, lo que se conoce como lesión penetrante.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de una lesión cerebral traumática pueden ser leves, moderados o graves. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html"&gt;conmociones cerebrales&lt;/a&gt; son un tipo de lesión cerebral traumática leve. En ocasiones, los efectos de una conmoción cerebral pueden ser graves, pero la mayoría de las personas se recupera por completo. Una lesión cerebral traumática más grave puede provocar síntomas físicos y psicológicos graves, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt; e incluso la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la lesión cerebral traumática?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las principales causas de lesión cerebral traumática dependen del tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html"&gt;lesión en la cabeza&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunas de las causas comunes de una lesión cerrada de cabeza incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;Caídas&lt;/a&gt;: Esta es la causa más común en adultos mayores de 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Accidentes automovilísticos: Esta es la causa más común en adultos jóvenes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones deportivas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ser golpeado por un objeto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html"&gt;Maltrato infantil&lt;/a&gt;: Esta es la causa más común en niños menores de 4 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lesiones por explosiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunas de las causas comunes de lesiones penetrantes incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sufrir heridas por balas o metralla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ser golpeado por un objeto como un martillo, un cuchillo o un bate de béisbol&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Penetración de fragmento de hueso al cráneo por una lesión en la cabeza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Algunos accidentes, como explosiones, desastres naturales u otros eventos extremos, pueden causar lesiones cerebrales traumáticas cerradas y penetrantes en la misma persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de sufrir una lesión cerebral traumática?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos grupos tienen un mayor riesgo de lesión cerebral traumática:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los hombres tienen más probabilidades de sufrir una lesión cerebral traumática que las mujeres. También tienen más probabilidades de tener una lesión cerebral traumática grave&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los adultos mayores de 65 años tienen un mayor riesgo de ser hospitalizados y morir de una lesión cerebral traumática&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la lesión cerebral traumática (TBI)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de una lesión cerebral traumática dependen del tipo de lesión y de la gravedad del daño cerebral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de una &lt;strong&gt;lesión cerebral traumática leve&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Breve pérdida de conciencia en algunos casos. Sin embargo, muchas personas con una lesión cerebral traumática leve permanecen conscientes después de la lesión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Confusión&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Aturdimiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Visión borrosa u ojos cansados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Zumbido en los oídos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Mal sabor en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt; o letargo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambio en los patrones de sueño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios de comportamiento o de estado de ánimo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Problemas con la memoria, la concentración, la atención o el pensamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si sufre una &lt;strong&gt;lesión cerebral traumática moderada o grave&lt;/strong&gt;, puede tener los mismos síntomas. Pero también puede tener otros como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómitos&lt;/a&gt; o náuseas repetidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt; o espasmos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No poder despertarse del sueño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pupilas más dilatadas de lo normal en uno o ambos ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas para hablar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad o entumecimiento en brazos y piernas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento de la confusión, inquietud o agitación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la lesión cerebral traumática (TBI)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una lesión en la cabeza u otro trauma que pueda haber causado una lesión cerebral traumática, debe obtener atención médica lo antes posible. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y los detalles de su lesión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hará un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/"&gt;examen neurológico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Puede usar una herramienta como la escala de coma de Glasgow para determinar qué tan grave es la lesión cerebral traumática. Esta escala mide su capacidad para abrir los ojos, hablar y moverse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede realizar pruebas neuropsicológicas para verificar qué tan bien funciona su cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la lesión cerebral traumática?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la lesión cerebral traumática dependen de muchos factores, incluyendo el tamaño, la gravedad y la ubicación de la lesión cerebral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para una &lt;strong&gt;lesión cerebral traumática leve&lt;/strong&gt;, el tratamiento principal es el descanso. Si le duele la cabeza, puede tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; de venta libre. Es importante seguir las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud para obtener un descanso completo y un regreso gradual a sus actividades normales. Si comienza a hacer demasiadas actividades muy pronto, puede demorar más en recuperarse. Póngase en contacto con su médico si sus síntomas no mejoran o si aparecen síntomas nuevos.

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Para una &lt;strong&gt;lesión cerebral traumática moderada a severa&lt;/strong&gt;, lo primero que hará el profesional de la salud es estabilizarlo para evitar más lesiones. Controlará su presión arterial, la presión dentro de su cráneo y se asegurará de que llegue suficiente sangre y oxígeno a su cerebro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una vez que esté estable, los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt; para reducir el daño adicional a su cerebro, por ejemplo para:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Eliminar hematomas (sangre coagulada)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eliminar el tejido cerebral dañado o muerto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reparar fracturas de cráneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aliviar la presión en el cráneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para tratar los síntomas de lesión cerebral traumática y reducir algunos de los riesgos asociados, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos contra la ansiedad para disminuir los sentimientos de nerviosismo y miedo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt; para prevenir la formación de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Anticonvulsivos para prevenir las convulsiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt; para tratar los síntomas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y problemas del estado de ánimo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Relajantes musculares para reducir los espasmos musculares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estimulantes para aumentar el estado de alerta y la atención&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html"&gt;Terapias de rehabilitación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Pueden incluir terapias para problemas físicos, emocionales y cognitivos:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia física: Para desarrollar fuerza física, coordinación y flexibilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia ocupacional, para ayudarle a realizar tareas diarias como vestirse, cocinar y bañarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia del habla: Para ayudarle con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;habla y otras habilidades de comunicación&lt;/a&gt; y tratar los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consejería psicológica: Para ayudarle a aprender habilidades de afrontamiento, trabajar en sus relaciones interpersonales y mejorar su bienestar emocional&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Orientación vocacional: Se centra en su capacidad para volver al trabajo y enfrentar los desafíos laborales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia cognitiva: Para mejorar su memoria, atención, percepción, aprendizaje, planificación y juicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con lesión cerebral traumática pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidades&lt;/a&gt; permanentes. También puede ponerle en riesgo de otros problemas de salud como ansiedad, depresión y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;trastorno de estrés postraumático&lt;/a&gt;. El tratamiento de estos problemas puede mejorar su calidad de vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la lesión cerebral traumática?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen pasos que puede tomar para prevenir lesiones en la cabeza y lesiones cerebrales traumáticas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Siempre use el cinturón de seguridad y use asientos para el automóvil y asientos elevados para niños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Nunca &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html"&gt;conduzca&lt;/a&gt; bajo la influencia de drogas o alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use un casco al andar en bicicleta, andar en patineta y practicar deportes como hockey y fútbol. Asegúrese que le quede bien ajustado a su cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevenga caídas al:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Hacer su casa más segura. Por ejemplo, puede instalar barandas en las escaleras y barras para sujetarse en la bañera, elimine los peligros de tropiezos y use protectores de ventanas y puertas de seguridad para niños pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mejore su equilibrio y fuerza al hacer actividad física regular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="271" language="English">Traumatic Brain Injury</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html" id="5560">Coma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html" id="4868">Conmoción cerebral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html" id="5826">Lesiones en la cabeza</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bebé sacudido, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebro, Trauma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de bebé sacudido</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trauma cerebral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trauma del cráneo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Traumatismo cerebral y de cabeza</see-reference>
<see-reference>Traumatismo craneoencefálico</see-reference>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Cerebro y el sistema nervioso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/brain-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/brain-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componentes del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Conmoción cerebral, mareos y equilibrio" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/concussion-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contusiones y laceraciones cerebrales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-craneales/contusiones-y-laceraciones-cerebrales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/cerebral-contusions-and-lacerations">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fuga del LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001412.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma intracraneal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma subdural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000713.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma subdural crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000781.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoxia cerebral" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/hipoxia-cerebral" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#cerebral%20hypoxia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipoxia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001435.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en la cabeza" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lesiones-en-la-cabeza-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/head-injuries/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión cerebral traumática" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/lesioncerebral/" language-mapped-url="http://www.parentcenterhub.org/tbi/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión cerebral traumática" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/lesion-cerebral-traumatica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/traumatic-brain-injury-tbi">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del hemisferio cerebral derecho" url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/Spanish/Lesion-del-Hemisferio-Cerebral-Derecho/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/right-hemisphere-brain-damage/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo de la presión intracraneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003411.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de traumatismo craneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000028.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas conductuales posteriores a traumatismo craneal" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/problemas-conductuales-posteriores-traumatismo-craneal-coping-behavior-problems-after-head-injury/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del bebé sacudido" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-del-bebe-sacudido" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/shaken-baby-syndrome">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del niño maltratado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007578.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo cerebral" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo cerebral: Esperanza en la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/traumatismo-cerebral-esperanza-en-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/traumatic-brain-injury-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo craneal por maltrato (síndrome del bebé sacudido)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shaken.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shaken.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo craneal: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/art-20056626?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/ART-20056626?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo craneoencefálico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lesion-cerebral-traumatica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/traumatic-brain-injury/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo craneoencefálico: Lo que debe saber sobre los síntomas, el diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-traumatismo-craneoencefalico-lo-que-debe-saber-sobre-los-sintomas-el-diagnostico-y-tratamiento">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo y problemas del oído interno" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/trauma_and_inner_ear_problems_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes de un traumatismo cerebral?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántas personas tienen o corren riesgo de tener un traumatismo cerebral?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el traumatismo cerebral?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo/diagnose">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué efectos puede tener un TBI (traumatismo cerebral)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/efectos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué provoca un traumatismo cerebral?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos hay para el traumatismo cerebral?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La leucemia es el cáncer de los glóbulos blancos. Hay dos clases de leucemia: aguda y crónica. Aprenda más sobre los diversos tipos." title="Leucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html" id="5621" language="Spanish" date-created="10/18/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt; al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas &lt;/a&gt; ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt; Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de leucemia. El tipo de leucemia que tenga depende del tipo de glóbulo que se convierte en cáncer y de si crece rápida o lentamente.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El tipo de glóbulo puede ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Linfocitos&lt;/strong&gt;: Un tipo de glóbulo blanco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Células mieloides&lt;/strong&gt;: Células inmaduras que se convierten en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos o plaquetas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Los diferentes tipos pueden crecer de forma rápida o lenta:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;leucemia aguda&lt;/strong&gt; crece rápidamente. Por lo general, empeora rápidamente si no se trata&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;leucemia crónica&lt;/strong&gt; es de crecimiento lento. Por lo general, empeora durante un período de tiempo más prolongado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los principales tipos de leucemia son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html"&gt;Leucemia linfocítica aguda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Es el tipo de cáncer más común en niños. También puede afectar a los adultos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html"&gt;Leucemia mielógena aguda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Es más común en los adultos mayores, pero también puede afectar a los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html"&gt;Leucemia linfocítica crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Es uno de los tipos más comunes de leucemia en adultos. A menudo ocurre durante o después de la mediana edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html"&gt;Leucemia mielógena crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: En general, se presenta en adultos durante o después de la mediana edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes presentan mayor riesgo de tener leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Para los tipos específicos, existen diferentes factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de presentar ese tipo. En general, su riesgo de leucemia aumenta con la edad. Es más común después de los 60 años.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt; ¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los síntomas de la leucemia pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Sensación de cansancio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; o sudores nocturnos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fácil aparición de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt; o sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso o del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas de leucemia pueden variar de un tipo a otro. Es posible que la leucemia crómica no cause síntomas al principio.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;conteo sanguíneo completo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/"&gt;Pruebas de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Una vez que el profesional de la salud hace un diagnóstico, es posible que se realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la leucemia dependen del tipo que tenga, la gravedad de la leucemia, su edad, su salud en general y otros factores. Algunos tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;trasplante de células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html" id="5620" language="English">Leukemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006">Leucemia en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2004">Leucemia linfocítica aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2005">Leucemia linfocítica crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5623">Leucemia mielógena aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5625">Leucemia mielógena crónica</related-topic>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (Leucemia de células pilosas)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-pilosas-pdq#_85" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq#_34">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campos electromagnéticos y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopéptido A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la leucemia de células pilosas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-pilosas-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre los alimentos y la nutrición" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/FS24S_Span_Food%20and%20Nutrition_26APR2017_FINAL.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS77_UnderstandLeukemia_Guide_SP_4_15reprint%20%281%29.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS70_UnderstandingLeukemia_Eng_4_15reprint.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001299.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001299.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374373?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374373?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia de células pilosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000592.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia eosinofílica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-cronicas-pdq#_164" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/chronic-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielomonocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_23" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#section/_278">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/FS19S_Pain_Mgt_FactSheet_0423_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integrativa y terapias complementarias y alternativas: Terapias que forman parte de la atención médica para el cáncer de la sangre" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de células B y T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de marcador tumoral de microglobulina Beta-2 (B2M)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-de-microglobulina-beta-2-b2m/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/beta-2-microglobulin-b2m-tumor-marker-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética TP 53 (proteína tumoral 53)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas analíticas para leucemia/linfoma de linfocitos B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003518.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de laboratorio y de imagenología" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selección de un especialista en cáncer de la sangre o de un centro de tratamiento" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/FS6S_ChoosingABCSOTC%20Facts_Span.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/choosing-blood-cancer-specialist-or-treatment-center/choosing-blood-cancer-specialist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La leucemia es el cáncer de los glóbulos blancos y es el tipo de cáncer infantil más común. Aprenda sobre síntomas y opciones de tratamiento." title="Leucemia en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt; al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas &lt;/a&gt; ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de leucemia en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de leucemia. Algunos son agudos (de crecimiento rápido). Por lo general, empeoran rápidamente si no se tratan. La mayoría de las leucemias infantiles son agudas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA)&lt;/strong&gt;: Es el tipo de leucemia más común en los niños y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html"&gt;cáncer en los niños&lt;/a&gt; más común. En la leucemia linfocítica aguda, la médula ósea produce demasiados linfocitos, un tipo de glóbulo blanco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA)&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando la médula ósea produce mieloblastos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco), glóbulos rojos o plaquetas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros tipos de leucemia son crónicos (de crecimiento lento). Por lo general, empeoran durante un período de tiempo más prolongado. Son raros en niños:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC)&lt;/strong&gt;: La médula ósea produce linfocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Es más común en adolescentes que en niños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC)&lt;/strong&gt;: La médula ósea produce granulocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Es muy raro en los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay algunos otros tipos raros de leucemia en los niños, incluyendo leucemia mielomonocítica juvenil (LMMJ).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la leucemia en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de leucemia infantil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en mayor riesgo de padecer leucemia en niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los factores que aumentan el riesgo de leucemia infantil incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un hermano o hermana con leucemia, especialmente un gemelo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tratamiento anterior con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;Exposición a la radiación&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;afecciones genéticas&lt;/a&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ataxiatelangiectasia.html"&gt;Ataxia telangiectasia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome de Down&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Anemia de Fanconi&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html"&gt;Neurofibromatosis&lt;/a&gt; tipo 1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen otros factores que pueden aumentar el riesgo de tener uno o más de los tipos específicos de leucemia infantil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los síntomas de la leucemia pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Sensación de cansancio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; o sudores nocturnos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fácil aparición de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;sangrado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso o del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas de leucemia pueden variar de un tipo a otro. Es posible que la leucemia crónica no cause síntomas al principio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia en niños?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;conteo sanguíneo completo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/"&gt;Pruebas de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Una vez que se obtiene un diagnóstico de leucemia, se pueden realizar otras pruebas para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia en niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la leucemia dependen del tipo de leucemia, la gravedad de la leucemia, la edad del niño y otros factores. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;trasplante de células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;A menudo, el tratamiento de la leucemia infantil tiene éxito. Sin embargo, los tratamientos pueden causar complicaciones en ese momento o más adelante en la vida. Los niños que sobreviven a la leucemia necesitarán seguimiento por el resto de sus vidas para vigilar y tratar cualquier complicación que puedan tener.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html" id="1438" language="English">Childhood Leukemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html" id="5621">Leucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2004">Leucemia linfocítica aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2005">Leucemia linfocítica crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5623">Leucemia mielógena aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5625">Leucemia mielógena crónica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Leucemia en</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Leucemia en</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-infantil-pdq#_63" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq#_32">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (leucemia mieloide aguda y otras neoplasias mieloides malignas infantiles)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-infantil-pdq#_36" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq#_36">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campos electromagnéticos y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de calorías adicionales cuando los niños estén enfermos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/hoja-informativa-ninos-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos tardíos del tratamiento anticanceroso en la niñez" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/efectos-tardios-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de la leucemia mieloide aguda y otras neoplasias mieloides malignas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-infantil-pdq#_30" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq#_30">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre la leucemia en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de pronóstico en la leucemia en niños (ALL o AML)" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/factores-pronosticos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/prognostic-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para la leucemia en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopéptido A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grupos de riesgo de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-infantil-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-all-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la leucemia mieloide aguda y otras neoplasias mieloides malignas infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/child-aml-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001299.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001299.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer-leukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-leukemia.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia linfoblástica aguda (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/all.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000541.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007656.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielógena crónica (LMC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000570.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielógena crónica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cml.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cml.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integrativa y terapias complementarias y alternativas: Terapias que forman parte de la atención médica para el cáncer de la sangre" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Papás que tienen a un niño con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida/padres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que deben formularse acerca de la leucemia en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemiainchildren/detailedguide/childhood-leukemia-talking-with-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de células B y T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética BCR-ABL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-bcr-abl/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bcr-abl-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la leucemia en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Regreso a la escuela tras el tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/supervivencia/ninos-con-cancer/despues-del-tratamiento/regreso-a-la-escuela.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/children-with-cancer/after-treatment/returning-to-school.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas de leucemia en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/senales-y-sintomas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subtipos de la leucemia en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-clasifica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la leucemia en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemiainchildren/detailedguide/childhood-leukemia-treating-general-info">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre la leucemia en niños?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemiainchildren/detailedguide/childhood-leukemia-new-research">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la leucemia en niños?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-en-ninos/acerca/que-es-leucemia-en-ninos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/about/what-is-childhood-leukemia.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La leucemia linfocítica aguda o la leucemia linfoblástica aguda es un cáncer de los glóbulos blancos. Información sobre los síntomas y el tratamiento." title="Leucemia linfocítica aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2004" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Leucemia linfoblástica aguda</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt; al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas &lt;/a&gt; ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia linfocítica aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia linfocítica aguda es un tipo de leucemia aguda. También se conoce como leucemia linfoblástica aguda. El término aguda significa que la leucemia generalmente empeora rápidamente si no se trata. Este es el tipo de cáncer más común en los  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt;. También puede afectar a los adultos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la leucemia linfocítica aguda, la médula ósea produce demasiados linfocitos, un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Normalmente, estas células ayudan al cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Pero en la leucemia linfocítica aguda, son anormales y no pueden combatir bien las infecciones. También desplazan a las células sanas, lo que puede provocar infecciones, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; y sangrado fácil. Estas células anormales también pueden propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el cerebro y la médula espinal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la leucemia linfocítica aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia linfocítica aguda ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica aguda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de padecer leucemia linfocítica aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los factores que aumentan el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ser hombre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ser blanco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener más de 70 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Haber recibido &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haber estado expuesto a altos niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos genéticos&lt;/a&gt;, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Down&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia linfocítica aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas de leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;cansancio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; o sudores nocturnos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fácil aparición de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;sangrado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel causados por el sangrado)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso o de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en los huesos o el estómago&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor o sensación de saciedad debajo de las costillas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados. Es posible que los note como bultos indoloros en el cuello, las axilas, el estómago o la ingle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Haber tenido muchas infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia linfocítica aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar varias pruebas y procedimientos para diagnosticar la leucemia linfocítica aguda y determinar qué subtipo tiene, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, como:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;Conteo sanguíneo completo&lt;/a&gt; con diferencial&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de química sanguínea: Miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Algunas de las pruebas específicas son un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/"&gt;panel metabólico básico&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/"&gt;panel metabólico completo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;pruebas de función renal&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/"&gt;pruebas de función hepática&lt;/a&gt;  y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/"&gt;análisis de electrolitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/"&gt;Frotis de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/"&gt;Pruebas de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si le diagnostican leucemia linfocítica aguda, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/"&gt;punción lumbar&lt;/a&gt;, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia linfocítica aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Quimioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia de radiación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;trasplante de células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento generalmente se realiza en dos fases:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El objetivo de la primera fase es destruir las células leucémicas en la sangre y la médula ósea. Este tratamiento busca poner a la leucemia en remisión, es decir, que los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La segunda fase se conoce como terapia posterior a la remisión. Su objetivo es prevenir una recaída (regreso) del cáncer. Implica matar las células leucémicas restantes que pueden no estar activas pero que podrían comenzar a volver a crecer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento durante ambas fases también suele incluir terapia de profilaxis del sistema nervioso central. Esta ayuda a prevenir la propagación de las células leucémicas al cerebro y la médula espinal. Puede ser quimioterapia de dosis alta o quimioterapia inyectada en la médula espinal. En ocasiones, también incluye radioterapia.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006">Leucemia en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2005">Leucemia linfocítica crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5623">Leucemia mielógena aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5625">Leucemia mielógena crónica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Leucemia aguda en adultos</see-reference>
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</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda sin tratamiento previo en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lla-adultos-pdq#_213" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq#_213">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la leucemia linfocítica aguda" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/Cancer/Leukemia-AcuteLymphocyticALLinAdults/DetailedGuide/leukemia-acute-lymphocytic-treating-typical-treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento de la leucemia linfocítica aguda?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es leucemia linfocítica aguda?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/acerca/que-es-leucemia-linfocitica-aguda.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/what-is-all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede detectar la leucemia linfocítica aguda en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La leucemia linfocítica crónica es un cáncer de los glóbulos blancos. Es el segundo tipo de leucemia más común en adultos. Tratamientos aquí." title="Leucemia linfocítica crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2005" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>LLC</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt; al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas &lt;/a&gt; ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia linfocítica crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia linfocítica crónica es un tipo de leucemia crónica. "Crónica" significa que, en general, la leucemia empeora lentamente. En esta afección, la médula ósea produce linfocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;sangrado fácil&lt;/a&gt;. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La leucemia linfocítica crónica es uno de los tipos más comunes de leucemia en adultos. A menudo ocurre durante o después de la mediana edad. Es rara en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la leucemia linfocítica crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia linfocítica crónica ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos, por lo que es difícil predecir quién puede presentar leucemia linfocítica crónica. Hay algunos factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es difícil predecir quién puede presentar leucemia linfocítica crónica. Algunos factores que podrían aumentar su riesgo son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Edad: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. La mayoría de las personas diagnosticadas con la afección tienen más de 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Antecedentes familiares de leucemia linfocítica crónica y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades de la sangre&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt; médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Grupo racial o étnico: La leucemia linfocítica crónica es más común en los blancos que en las personas de otros grupos raciales o étnicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Exposición a ciertos químicos, incluyendo el agente naranja, un químico que se usó en la guerra de Vietnam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia linfocítica crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al principio, la leucemia linfocítica crónica no presenta síntomas. Luego, puede tener síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados: Es posible que los note como bultos indoloros en el cuello, las axilas, el estómago o la ingle&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;cansancio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor o sensación de saciedad debajo de las costillas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; e infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fácil aparición de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;sangrado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la pie causados por el sangrado)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sudores nocturnos abundantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia linfocítica crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de atención médica puede utilizar varias pruebas y procedimientos para diagnosticar la leucemia linfocítica crónica, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;conteo sanguíneo completo&lt;/a&gt; con diferencial y análisis de química sanguínea. Los análisis de química sanguínea miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Las pruebas de química sanguínea específicas incluyen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/"&gt;panel metabólico básico&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/"&gt;panel metabólico completo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;pruebas de función renal&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/"&gt;pruebas de función hepática&lt;/a&gt; y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/"&gt;análisis de electrolitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de citometría de flujo: Verifican la presencia de células leucémicas e identifican qué tipo de leucemia es. Las pruebas se pueden realizar en sangre, médula ósea u otro tejido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si le diagnostican leucemia linfocítica crónica, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia linfocítica crónica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la leucemia linfocítica crónica incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Espera vigilante: Significa que no recibe tratamiento de inmediato. Su profesional de la salud verifica periódicamente si sus signos o síntomas aparecen o cambian&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Terapia de radiación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia con trasplante de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los objetivos del tratamiento son hacer más lento el crecimiento de las células leucémicas y brindarle períodos prolongados de remisión. Remisión significa que los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen. La leucemia linfocítica crónica puede reaparecer después de la remisión y es posible que necesite más tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="87" language="English">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html" id="5621">Leucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006">Leucemia en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2004">Leucemia linfocítica aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5623">Leucemia mielógena aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5625">Leucemia mielógena crónica</related-topic>
<see-reference>LLC</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leucemia crónica en adultos</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Asistencia complementaria para la leucemia linfocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/tratamiento/cuidado-de-apoyo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/treating/supportive-care.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (leucemia linfocítica crónica)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-llc-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq#_48">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre la leucemia linfocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html">
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<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopéptido A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía sobre la CLL (leucemia linfocítica crónica): Información para pacientes y cuidadores" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/PS48S_CLL_Guide_Spanish_0.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la leucemia linfocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-llc-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre los estadios de la leucemia linfocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-llc-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cll-treatment-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoelectroforesis en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003541.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000532.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/FS19S_Pain_Mgt_FactSheet_0423_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integrativa y terapias complementarias y alternativas: Terapias que forman parte de la atención médica para el cáncer de la sangre" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de células B y T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas analíticas para leucemia/linfoma de linfocitos B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003518.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de laboratorio y de imagenología" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selección de un especialista en cáncer de la sangre o de un centro de tratamiento" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/FS6S_ChoosingABCSOTC%20Facts_Span.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/choosing-blood-cancer-specialist-or-treatment-center/choosing-blood-cancer-specialist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento típico de la leucemia linfocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/tratamiento/tratamieto-por-grupo-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/treating/treatment-by-risk-group.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo de la leucemia linfocítica crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia linfocítica crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento de la leucemia linfocítica crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué debe preguntar a su médico sobre la leucemia linfocítica crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la leucemia linfocítica crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/acerca/que-es-leucemia-linfocitica-cronica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/about/what-is-cll.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Sabemos cuáles son las causas de la leucemia linfocítica crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-linfocitica-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La leucemia mieloide (mielógena) aguda es un cáncer de los glóbulos blancos. Este tipo de cáncer generalmente empeora rápidamente si no es tratado. " title="Leucemia mielógena aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5623" language="Spanish" date-created="10/18/2010">
<also-called>Leucemia mieloide aguda</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt; al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas &lt;/a&gt; ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia mielógena aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia mielógena aguda, también conocida como leucemia mieloide aguda, es un tipo de leucemia aguda. "Agudo" significa que la leucemia generalmente empeora rápido si no se trata. En esta leucemia, la médula ósea produce mieloblastos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco), glóbulos rojos o plaquetas. Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, anemia y sangrado fácil. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Hay varios subtipos diferentes de leucemia mielógena aguda. Los subtipos se basan en qué tan desarrolladas están las células cancerosas cuando recibe su diagnóstico y qué tan diferentes son de las células normales.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la leucemia mielógena aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Esta leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. Se desconoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar leucemia mielógena aguda.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de padecer leucemia mielógena aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los factores que aumentan su riesgo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ser hombre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fumar, especialmente después de los 60 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Haber recibido &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia &lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Haber sido tratado por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html"&gt;leucemia linfocítica aguda&lt;/a&gt; durante la niñez &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exposición al benceno químico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antecedentes de otro trastorno sanguíneo como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html"&gt;síndromes mielodisplásicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia mielógena aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sus signos y síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fácil aparición de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;sangrado&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Petequias, pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso o del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dolor de huesos o articulaciones, si las células anormales se acumulan cerca o dentro de los huesos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia mielógena aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia mielógena aguda y determinar qué subtipo tiene:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;conteo sanguíneo completo (CBC)&lt;/a&gt; y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/"&gt;frotis de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/"&gt;Pruebas de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si le diagnostican leucemia mielógena aguda, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/"&gt;punción lumbar&lt;/a&gt;, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;trasplante de células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Otros medicamentos contra el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, el tratamiento que reciba depende del subtipo de leucemia que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento generalmente se realiza en dos fases:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El objetivo de la primera fase es destruir las células leucémicas en la sangre y la médula ósea. Esto pone la leucemia en remisión, es decir, los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La segunda fase se conoce como terapia posterior a la remisión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Su objetivo es prevenir que reaparezca (regrese) el cáncer. Implica matar las células leucémicas restantes que pueden no estar activas pero que podrían comenzar a volver a crecer.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5622" language="English">Acute Myeloid Leukemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html" id="5621">Leucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006">Leucemia en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2004">Leucemia linfocítica aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2005">Leucemia linfocítica crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5625">Leucemia mielógena crónica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Leucemia mieloide aguda</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
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<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de la leucemia mieloide aguda" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-adultos-pdq#_151" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#_164">
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<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre la leucemia mieloide aguda" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para la leucemia mieloide aguda" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
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<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
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<site title="Fibrinopéptido A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía sobre la AML (leucemia mieloide aguda): Información para pacientes y cuidadores" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/PS66S_AML_Guide_2023_Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/amlguide.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la leucemia mieloide aguda" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-adultos-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007656.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mieloide aguda en adultos: Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lma-adultos-pdq#_18" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#_36">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielógena aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000542.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielógena aguda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369109?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369109?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/FS19S_Pain_Mgt_FactSheet_0423_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integrativa y terapias complementarias y alternativas: Terapias que forman parte de la atención médica para el cáncer de la sangre" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de laboratorio y de imagenología" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la leucemia mieloide aguda" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subtipos y factores pronósticos de la leucemia mieloide aguda" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-clasifica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante y la leucemia mielógena aguda (LMA)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-np01424-transplant-aml-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones de la leucemia mieloide aguda?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa la leucemia mieloide aguda?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la leucemia mieloide aguda?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/acerca/que-es-leucemia-mieloide-aguda.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/about/what-is-aml.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué sucede si la leucemia mieloide aguda no responde o regresa después del tratamiento?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/tratamiento/recurrencia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating/recurrence.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir la leucemia mieloide aguda?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-aguda/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La leucemia mieloide (mielógena) crónica es un cáncer de los glóbulos blancos. Por lo general, afecta a los adultos mayores. Síntomas y tratamientos." title="Leucemia mielógena crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5625" language="Spanish" date-created="10/18/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Se conoce como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt; al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas &lt;/a&gt; ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la leucemia mielógena crónica?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia mielógena crónica es un tipo de leucemia crónica. "Crónica" significa que, en general, la leucemia empeora lentamente. En la leucemia mielógena crónica, la médula ósea produce granulocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Estas células anormales también se conocen como blastos. Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;sangrado fácil&lt;/a&gt;. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la leucemia mielógena crónica ocurre en adultos durante o después de la mediana edad. Es rara en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la leucemia mielógena crónica?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con leucemia mielógena crónica tienen un cambio genético llamado cromosoma Filadelfia. Se llama así porque investigadores de Filadelfia lo descubrieron. Las personas normalmente tienen 23 pares de cromosomas en cada célula. Estos cromosomas contienen su ADN (material genético). En la leucemia mielógena crónica, parte del ADN de un cromosoma se traslada a otro cromosoma. Allí se combina con algo de ADN, lo que crea un nuevo gen llamado BCR-ABL. Este gen hace que la médula ósea produzca una proteína anormal. Esta proteína permite que las células leucémicas crezcan sin control.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cromosoma Filadelfia no se transmite de padres a hijos. Sucede a lo largo de la vida. No se conoce su causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de padecer leucemia mielógena crónica?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Es difícil predecir quién puede tener leucemia mielógena crónica. Algunos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Edad: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sexo: La leucemia mieloide crónica es un poco más común en hombres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exposición a altas dosis de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia mielógena crónica?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;A veces, la leucemia mielógena crónica no produce síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse muy cansado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sudores nocturnos abundantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor o sensación de saciedad debajo de las costillas del lado izquierdo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia mielógena crónica?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede usar varias pruebas y procedimientos para diagnosticar la leucemia mieloide crónica:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;conteo sanguíneo completo&lt;/a&gt; con diferencial y análisis de química sanguínea. Los análisis de química sanguínea miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Las pruebas de química sanguínea específicas incluyen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/"&gt;panel metabólico básico&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/"&gt;panel metabólico completo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;pruebas de función renal&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/"&gt;pruebas de función hepática&lt;/a&gt; y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/"&gt;análisis de electrolitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/"&gt;Pruebas de médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos, incluyendo pruebas para buscar el cromosoma Filadelfia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;Si le diagnostican leucemia mielógena crónica, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales, como pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes, para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las fases de la leucemia mielógena crónica?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La leucemia mieloide crónica tiene tres fases. Estas se basan en cuánto ha crecido o se ha propagado la afección:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fase crónica: Menos del 10% de las células de la sangre y la médula ósea son células blásticas (células leucémicas). La mayoría reciben su diagnóstico en esta fase y muchas no presentan síntomas. El tratamiento estándar suele ayudar &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fase acelerada: Del 10% al 19% de las células de la sangre y la médula ósea son células blásticas. En esta fase, las personas suelen presentar síntomas y el tratamiento estándar puede no ser tan eficaz como en la fase crónica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fase blástica: El 20% o más de las células de la sangre o la médula ósea son células blásticas. Las células blásticas se han diseminado a otros tejidos y órganos. Si tiene cansancio, fiebre y agrandamiento del bazo durante la fase blástica, se denomina crisis blástica. Es más difícil de tratar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia mielógena crónica?&lt;/h3&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tratamientos diferentes para la leucemia mielógena crónica:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales. Para la leucemia mieloide crónica, se utilizan medicamentos inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa, los que bloquean una enzima q097809
ue hace que la médula ósea produzca demasiados blastos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quimioterapia de dosis alta con trasplante de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;células madre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Infusión de linfocitos de donantes: Este es un tratamiento que se puede usar después de un trasplante de células madre. Consiste en administrarle una infusión (en el torrente sanguíneo) de linfocitos sanos del donante de células madre. Los linfocitos son un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Estos linfocitos del donante pueden destruir las células cancerosas restantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía para extirpar el bazo (esplenectomía)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos que reciba dependerán de la fase en la que se encuentre, su edad, su estado de salud y otros factores. Cuando los signos y síntomas de la leucemia mielógena crónica se reducen o han desaparecido, se denomina remisión. La leucemia mielógena crónica puede reaparecer después de la remisión y es posible que necesite más tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" id="5624" language="English">Chronic Myeloid Leukemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html" id="5621">Leucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006">Leucemia en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2004">Leucemia linfocítica aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" id="2005">Leucemia linfocítica crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html" id="5623">Leucemia mielógena aguda</related-topic>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (leucemia mielógena crónica)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lmc-pdq#_115" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq#_48">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de la leucemia mielógena crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lmc-pdq#_96" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq#_31">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para la leucemia mieloide crónica" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopéptido A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la leucemia mielógena crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lmc-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielógena crónica (LMC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000570.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielógena crónica atípica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_147" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_257">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/FS19S_Pain_Mgt_FactSheet_0423_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integrativa y terapias complementarias y alternativas: Terapias que forman parte de la atención médica para el cáncer de la sangre" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética BCR-ABL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-bcr-abl/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bcr-abl-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de laboratorio y de imagenología" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para diagnosticar la leucemia mieloide crónica" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide crónica según la fase" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/tratamiento/tratamiento-segun-la-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/treating/treating-by-phase.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del tratamiento de leucemia mieloide crónica" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa la leucemia mieloide crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la leucemia mieloide crónica?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/acerca/que-es-leucemia-mieloide-cronica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/what-is-cml.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede detectar la leucemia mieloide crónica en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/leucemia-mieloide-cronica/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las leucodistrofias son enfermedades raras que afectan a las células del cerebro y a menudo son genéticas. Lea más información aquí acerca del tema." title="Leucodistrofias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukodystrophies.html" id="2282" language="Spanish" date-created="01/10/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las leucodistrofias?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las leucodistrofias son un grupo de &lt;TOPIC ID="3118" LINKTEXT="trastornos 
 genéticos"/&gt; raros que afectan el sistema nervioso central, el que está formado por su cerebro y médula espinal. Las leucodistrofias dañan la sustancia blanca (o materia blanca) de su sistema nervioso central. La sustancia blanca incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fibras nerviosas: Conectan las células nerviosas, también se conocen como axones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mielina: Capa de proteínas y materia grasa que recubre y protege las fibras nerviosas. También ayuda a acelerar las señales entre las células nerviosas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Cuando la sustancia blanca está dañada, puede hacer más lentas o bloquear las señales entre las células nerviosas. Esto puede causar muchos síntomas diferentes, incluyendo problemas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movimiento&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vista&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;audición &lt;/a&gt;y pensamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay más de 50 tipos de leucodistrofias. Algunos tipos están presentes al nacer, mientras que otros pueden no causar síntomas hasta que el niño comienza a caminar. Algunos tipos afectan principalmente a los adultos. La mayoría de los tipos empeoran con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las leucodistrofias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las leucodistrofias son causadas por cambios genéticos. En general, estos cambios se heredan, lo que significa que se transmiten de padres a hijos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las leucodistrofias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las leucodistrofias dependen del tipo. Pueden incluir una pérdida gradual de:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tono muscular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;Equilibrio&lt;/a&gt; y movilidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El caminar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El habla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Habilidad para comer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La visión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El escuchar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El comportamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede haber otros síntomas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Problemas del aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas de la vejiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Problemas del desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos del control muscular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las leucodistrofias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las leucodistrofias pueden ser difíciles de diagnosticar porque hay muchos tipos diferentes que pueden tener síntomas distintos. Su profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico al evaluar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exámenes físicos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/"&gt;neurológicos&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre antecedentes familiares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;Pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para buscar cambios genéticos que podrían causar leucodistrofias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de laboratorio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las leucodistrofias?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para las leucodistrofias. El tratamiento busca aliviar los síntomas y brindar apoyo. Puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para controlar el tono muscular, las convulsiones y la rigidez muscular (espasticidad)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapias físicas, ocupacionales y del habla para mejorar la movilidad, la función y los problemas cognitivos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia nutricional para problemas de alimentación y para tragar&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Programas educativos y recreativos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;El trasplante de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;células madre&lt;/a&gt; o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar en algunos tipos de leucodistrofia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un tipo de leucodistrofia, xantomatosis cerebrotendinosa (CTX), es tratable si se diagnostica temprano. Se trata con terapia de reemplazo de ácido quenodesoxicólico.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukodystrophies.html" id="1718" language="English">Leukodystrophies</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</related-topic>
<site title="Adrenoleucodistrofia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001182.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001182.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenoleucodistrofia (ALD) y el trasplante" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-np01429-transplant-ald-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al X" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12216/adrenoleucodistrofia-ligada-al-x/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Canavan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001586.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Krabbe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001198.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucodistrofia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/leucodistrofia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/leukodystrophy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucodistrofia metacromática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001205.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucodistrofia metacromática" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12627/leucodistrofia-metacromatica/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. There are two types of Leukemias, acute and chronic. Learn about the differences and treatments available." title="Leukemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html" id="5620" language="English" date-created="10/12/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html"&gt;Leukemia&lt;/a&gt; is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White blood cells help your body fight infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Platelets&lt;/a&gt; help form clots to stop bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of leukemia. Which type of leukemia you have depends on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer and whether it grows quickly or slowly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The type of blood cell could be:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lymphocytes,&lt;/strong&gt; a type of white blood cell&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Myeloid cells,&lt;/strong&gt; immature cells that become white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The different types can grow quickly or slowly:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute leukemia&lt;/strong&gt; is fast growing. It usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic leukemia&lt;/strong&gt; is slow growing. It usually gets worse over a longer period of time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;The main types of leukemia are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" tid="1437"&gt;Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which is the most common type of cancer in children. It can also affect adults.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="acutemyeloidleukemia.html" tid="5622"&gt;Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which is more common in older adults but can also affect children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" tid="87"&gt;Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" tid="5624"&gt;Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; which usually occurs in adults during or after middle age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Leukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the specific types, there are different factors which can raise your risk of getting that type. Overall, your risk of leukemia goes up as you age. It is most common over age 60.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the symptoms of leukemia may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Feeling tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt; or night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;bruising&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss or loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chromic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is leukemia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;complete blood count (CBC)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/"&gt;Bone marrow tests&lt;/a&gt;. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; to look for gene and chromosome changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once the provider makes a diagnosis, there may be additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for leukemia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for leukemia depend on which type you have, how severe the leukemia is, your age, your overall health, and other factors. Some possible treatments might include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Types of Treatment: Clinical Trials" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/clinical-trials">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Leukemia" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS70_UnderstandingLeukemia_Eng_4_15reprint.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS77_UnderstandLeukemia_Guide_SP_4_15reprint%20%281%29.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myelomonocytic-leukemia/about/what-is-chronic-myelomonocytic.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Leukodystrophies are rare diseases that affect the cells of the brain and are often genetic. Find more information on these progressive diseases." title="Leukodystrophies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/leukodystrophies.html" id="1718" language="English" date-created="08/22/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are leukodystrophies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Leukodystrophies are a group of rare &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt; that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is made up of your brain and spinal cord.  Leukodystrophies damage the white matter of your CNS. The white matter includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nerve fibers, also called axons, which connect your nerve cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Myelin, a layer of proteins and fatty materials that covers and protects the nerve fibers. It also helps speed up signals between the nerve cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;When the white matter is damaged, it can slow down or block the signals between nerve cells. This can cause many different symptoms, including trouble with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vision&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing&lt;/a&gt;, and thinking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are over 50 types of leukodystrophies. Some types are present at birth, while others may not cause symptoms until a child becomes a toddler. A few types mainly affect adults. Most types get worse over time.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What causes leukodystrophies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Leukodystrophies are caused by genetic changes. These changes are usually inherited, meaning that they are passed from parent to child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of leukodystrophies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of leukodystrophies depend on the type; they can include a gradual loss of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle tone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt; and mobility&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Walking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ability to eat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hearing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There can also be other symptoms, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Learning disabilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;bladder issues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Developmental disabilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle control disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;Seizures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are leukodystrophies diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Leukodystrophies can be hard to diagnose because there are so many different types which can have different symptoms. Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/"&gt;neurological&lt;/a&gt; exams&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, including asking about family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic testing&lt;/a&gt; to look for genetic changes that could cause leukodystrophies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lab tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for leukodystrophies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for leukodystrophies. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and providing support. It may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to manage muscle tone, seizures, and spasticity (muscle stiffness)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical, occupational, and speech therapies to improve mobility, function, and cognitive problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nutritional therapy for eating and swallowing problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Educational and recreational programs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;Stem cell&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;bone marrow&lt;/a&gt; transplantation can be helpful for a few types of leukodystrophy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One type of leukodystrophy, CTX, is treatable if it is diagnosed early. It is treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) replacement therapy.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukodystrophies.html" id="2282" language="Spanish">Leucodistrofias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007966">Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017825">Canavan Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007965">Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukodystrophies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adrenoleukodystrophy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Canavan Disease</see-reference>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adult-onset-leukoencephalopathy-with-axonal-spheroids-and-pigmented-glia">
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Alexander disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alexander-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-leukodystrophy-with-autonomic-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CADASIL" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cadasil">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Canavan disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001586.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canavan disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/canavan-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenoleukodystrophy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Canavan Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Canavan+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leukodystrophy,+Globoid+Cell%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leukodystrophy,+Metachromatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="D-bifunctional protein deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/d-bifunctional-protein-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypomyelination and congenital cataract: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypomyelination-and-congenital-cataract">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypomyelination-with-brainstem-and-spinal-cord-involvement-and-leg-spasticity">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Krabbe disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001198.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Krabbe Disease (GLD)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant/diseases-treated-by-transplant/krabbe-disease">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Krabbe disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/krabbe-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leukodystrophy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/leukodystrophy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/leucodistrofia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leukoencephalopathy with thalamus and brainstem involvement and high lactate: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leukoencephalopathy-with-thalamus-and-brainstem-involvement-and-high-lactate">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leukoencephalopathy-with-vanishing-white-matter">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipid Storage Diseases" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lipid-storage-diseases">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megalencephalic-leukoencephalopathy-with-subcortical-cysts">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Metachromatic leukodystrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001205.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pelizaeus-merzbacher-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pelizaeus-merzbacher-like-disease-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pol III-related leukodystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pol-iii-related-leukodystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leukodystrophies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Leukodystrophy%2C+Globoid+Cell%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Leukodystrophy%2C+Metachromatic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Canavan+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rnase-t2-deficient-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tubb4a-related-leukodystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Leukodystrophy?" url="https://ulf.org/leukodystrophies/what-is-leukodystrophy/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>United Leukodystrophy Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zellweger spectrum disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/zellweger-spectrum-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lewy body dementia (LBD) is one common cause of dementia. In LBD, protein deposits build up in the brain. Read about the symptoms and what can help." title="Lewy Body Dementia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html" id="4070" language="English" date-created="02/01/2005">
<also-called>Dementia with Lewy bodies</also-called>
<also-called>LBD</also-called>
<also-called>Lewy body disease</also-called>
<also-called>Parkinson's disease dementia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Lewy body dementia (LBD)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Lewy body dementia (LBD) is one of the most common types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt; in older adults. Dementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Memory&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Language skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visual perception (your ability to make sense of what you see)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problem solving&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble with everyday tasks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The ability to focus and pay attention&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of Lewy body dementia (LBD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two types of LBD: dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both types cause the same changes in the brain. And, over time, they can cause similar symptoms. The main difference is in when the cognitive (thinking) and movement symptoms start.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dementia with Lewy bodies causes problems with thinking ability that seem similar to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;. Later, it also causes other symptoms, such as movement symptoms, visual hallucinations, and certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorders&lt;/a&gt;. It also causes more trouble with mental activities than with memory.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Parkinson's disease dementia starts as a movement disorder. It first causes the symptoms of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;: slowed movement, muscle stiffness, tremor, and a shuffling walk. Later on, it causes dementia.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Lewy body dementia (LBD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LBD happens when Lewy bodies build up in parts of the brain that control memory, thinking, and movement.  Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein. Researchers don't know exactly why these deposits form. But they do know that other diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, also involve a build-up of that protein.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for Lewy body dementia (LBD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The biggest risk factor for LBD is age; most people who get it are over age 50. People who have a family history of LBD are also at higher risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Lewy body dementia (LBD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LBD is a progressive disease. This means that the symptoms start slowly and get worse over time. The most common symptoms include changes in cognition, movement, sleep, and behavior:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dementia&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Changes in concentration, attention, alertness, and wakefulness.&lt;/strong&gt; These changes usually happen from day to day. But sometimes they can also happen throughout the same day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Visual hallucinations&lt;/strong&gt;, which means seeing things that are not there&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problems with movement and posture&lt;/strong&gt;, including slowness of movement, difficulty walking, and muscle stiffness. These are called parkinsonian motor symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;REM sleep behavior disorder&lt;/strong&gt;, a condition in which a person seems to act out dreams. It may include vivid dreaming, talking in one's sleep, violent movements, or falling out of bed. This may be the earliest symptom of LBD in some people. It can appear several years before any other LBD symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Changes in behavior and mood&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, and apathy (a lack of interest in normal daily activities or events)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In the early stages of LBD, symptoms can be mild, and people can function fairly normally. As the disease gets worse, people with LBD need more help due to problems with thinking and movement. In the later stages of the disease, they often cannot care for themselves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Lewy body dementia (LBD) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There isn't one test that can diagnose LBD. It is important to see an experienced doctor to get a diagnosis. This would usually be specialist such as a neurologist. The doctor will:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a medical history, including taking a detailed account of the symptoms. The doctor will talk to both the patient and caregivers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do physical and neurological exams&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do tests to rule out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms. These could include blood tests and brain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do neuropsychological tests to evaluate memory and other cognitive functions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;LBD can be hard to diagnose, because Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease cause similar symptoms. Scientists think that Lewy body disease might be related to these diseases, or that they sometimes happen together.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;It's also important to know which type of LBD a person has, so the doctor can treat that type's particular symptoms. It also helps the doctor understand how the disease will affect the person over time. The doctor makes a diagnosis based on when certain symptoms start:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If cognitive symptoms start within a year of movement problems, the diagnosis is dementia with Lewy bodies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If cognitive problems start more than a year after the movement problems, the diagnosis is Parkinson's disease dementia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Lewy body dementia (LBD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for LBD, but treatments can help with the symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; may help with some of the cognitive, movement, and psychiatric symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical therapy&lt;/strong&gt; can help with movement problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Occupational therapy&lt;/strong&gt; may help find ways to more easily do everyday activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech therapy&lt;/strong&gt; may help with swallowing difficulties and trouble speaking loudly and clearly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mental health counseling&lt;/strong&gt; can help people with LBD and their families learn how to manage difficult emotions and behaviors. It can also help them plan for the future.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Music or art therapy&lt;/strong&gt; may reduce anxiety and improve well-being&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Support groups can also be helpful for people with LBD and their caregivers. Support groups can give emotional and social support. They are also a place where people can share tips about how to deal with day-to-day challenges.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html" id="4071" language="Spanish">Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020961">Lewy Body Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22">Alzheimer's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" id="205">Dementia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="85">Parkinson's Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dementia with Lewy Bodies</see-reference>
<site title="10 Things You Should Know About LBD" url="https://www.lbda.org/10-things-you-should-know-about-lbd/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="4 Discoveries Beyond the Brain" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-discoveries-beyond-the-brain" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/4-descubrimientos-mas-alla-del-cerebro">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimer's: Glossary" url="https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/care-options/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caregiving Publications" url="https://www.lbda.org/caregiving-publications/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lewy Body Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lewy+Body+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dementia with Lewy bodies: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dementia-with-lewy-bodies">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dementias" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dementias">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis and Prognosis of Those Living with LBD (Lewy Body Dementia)" url="https://www.lbda.org/diagnosis-and-prognosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Lewy Body Dementia or Something Else?" url="https://www.lbda.org/is-it-lbd-or-something-else/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="LBD Symptoms" url="https://www.lbda.org/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lewy Body Dementia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lewy-body-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/demencia-con-cuerpos-de-lewy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lewy Body Dementia Association" url="https://www.lbda.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Archives" url="https://www.lbda.org/research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lewy Body Disease Treatment" url="https://www.lbda.org/treatment-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Lewy Body Dementia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lewy Body Dementia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lewy+Body+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Lewy Body Dementia?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/lewy-body-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/demencia-cuerpos-lewy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Lewy Body Dementia? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/lewy-body-dementia/what-lewy-body-dementia-causes-symptoms-and-treatments">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The LGBTQIA+ community can experience health disparities and discrimination. Learn about gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender health issues." title="LGBTQIA+ Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lgbtqiahealth.html" id="261" language="English" date-created="10/26/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Members of the LGBTQIA+ community include people who are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L&lt;/strong&gt;esbian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt;ay&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;isexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt;ransgender&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q&lt;/strong&gt;ueer or &lt;strong&gt;Q&lt;/strong&gt;uestioning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I&lt;/strong&gt;ntersex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Elsewhere on the gender and sexuality spectrum or allies to the community&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On this page you'll find information about health issues that are specific to the LGBTQIA+ community.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lgbtqiahealth.html" id="1919" language="Spanish">Salud LGBTQIA+</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006716">Homosexuality</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000072339">Sexual and Gender Minorities</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001727">Bisexuality</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063106">Transgender Persons</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D062985">Health Services for Transgender Persons</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lgbtqiahealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Bisexual Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Homosexuality</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lesbian Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Transgender Health</see-reference>
<site title="About STIs and Gay Men" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-gay-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-los-hombres-gais.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bullying and LGBTQI+ Youth" url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/lgbtq" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkmj/lgbtq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Facts for Gay and Bisexual Men" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/understanding-cancer-risk/cancer-facts/cancer-facts-for-gay-and-bisexual-men.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Facts for Lesbians and Bisexual Women" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/understanding-cancer-risk/cancer-facts/cancer-facts-for-lesbian-and-bisexual-women.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sexual and Gender Minorities" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sexual+and+Gender+Minorities%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Transgender Persons" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Transgender+Persons%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coming Out" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/coming-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/coming-out.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Counseling Issues to Discuss with Gay Men and Lesbians Seeking Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/english-pdf/counseling_issues_to_discuss_with_gay_men_and_lesbians_seeking_art_factsheet.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/temas_de_asesoramiento_para_personas_homosexuales_que_buscan_tecnologias_de_reproduccion_asistida_tra-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV and Gay and Bisexual Men" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/gay-bisexual-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/group/msm/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV and Transgender People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/transgender-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/group/gender/transgender/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gender Identity Development in Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/pages/Gender-Identity-and-Gender-Confusion-In-Children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/gender-identity-and-gender-confusion-in-children.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gender-Diverse &amp; Transgender Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/Gender-Diverse-Transgender-Children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/gender-diverse-transgender-children.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality" url="https://www.glma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Concerns for Gay and Lesbian Teens" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/Pages/Health-Concerns-for-Gay-and-Lesbian-Teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/health-concerns-for-gay-and-lesbian-teens.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Considerations for LGBTQ Youth" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/health-considerations-lgbtq-youth.htm">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Disparities among LGBTQ Youth" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/health-disparities-among-lgbtq-youth.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Issues for Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-gay-men/art-20047107?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-gay-men/art-20047107?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Issues for Lesbians and Women Who Have Sex with Women" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-lesbians/art-20047202?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-lesbians/art-20047202?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="LGBT Caregiver Concerns" url="https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/brochure_lgbt_caregiver.pdf">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LGBTQ+ Key Terms and Concepts" url="https://youth.gov/youth-topics/lgbtq-youth/key-terms-and-concepts">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="LGBTQ+ People and Commercial Tobacco: Health Disparities and Ways to Advance Health Equity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco-health-equity/collection/lgbtq.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="LGBTQ: Sexual Orientation" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/sexual-orientation/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention Approaches for Viral Hepatitis in Gay and Bisexual Men" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/risk-factors-msm/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="LGBTQIA+ Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Transgender+Persons%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Sexual+and+Gender+Minorities%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Homosexuality%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Health+Services+for+Transgender+Persons%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Bisexuality%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Attraction and Orientation (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Orientation (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ten Things Transgender Persons Should Discuss with Their Health Care Provider" url="https://glma.org/10_things_transgender_people_s.php">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Top Health Issues for LGBT Populations" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4684.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Top Ten Things Gay Men Should Discuss with Their Health Care Provider" url="https://glma.org/10_things_gay_men_should_discu.php">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Top Ten Things Lesbians Should Discuss with Their Health Care Provider" url="https://glma.org/10_things_lesbians_should_disc.php">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transgender and Gender Diverse Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/transgender-and-gender-diverse-children-and-adolescents">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth Topics: LGBT" url="https://youth.gov/youth-topics/lgbt">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ligadura de trompas es una cirugía para prevenir que una mujer quede embarazada. Información sobre esta forma permanente de anticoncepción aquí." title="Ligadura de trompas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuballigation.html" id="5819" language="Spanish" date-created="08/01/2011">
<also-called>Cirugía de esterilización femenina</also-called>
<also-called>Esterilización tubárica</also-called>
<also-called>Ligadura tubárica</also-called>
<also-called>Ligar las trompas</also-called>
<also-called>Pomeroy</also-called>
<also-called>Procedimiento histeroscópico de oclusión de las trompas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La ligadura de trompas es un tipo de cirugía que se realiza en las mujeres para prevenir  el embarazo.  Es una forma permanente de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;anticoncepción&lt;/a&gt; y es efectiva de inmediato.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirugía corta, anuda o sella las trompas de Falopio. Esto bloquea el camino entre los ovarios y el útero. El esperma no puede llegar al óvulo para fertilizarlo, y el óvulo no puede llegar al útero.  La cirugía se realiza en un hospital o en un centro de cirugía ambulatoria. Generalmente lleva cerca de 30 minutos. La mayoría de las mujeres vuelve a su hogar el mismo día y pueden retomar sus actividades cotidianas a los pocos días.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La ligadura de trompas puede revertirse, pero no siempre. Este procedimiento es una cirugía mayor y no siempre funciona.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuballigation.html" id="5818" language="English">Tubal Ligation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Pomeroy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trompas, Ligadura</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras ligadura de trompas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000288.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esterilización tubárica (ligadura de trompas)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/esterilizacion-tubarica-lo-que-usted-deberia-saber/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/tubal-sterilization/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ligadura de trompas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002913.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ligadura de trompas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100044_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100044_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ligadura de trompas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tubal-ligation/about/pac-20388360?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tubal-ligation/about/pac-20388360?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reversión de la ligadura de trompas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007651.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar la decisión para una cirugía de esterilización" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002138.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Limb loss and amputations have different causes including birth defects, cancer and injuries. Physical therapy and counseling may help with recovery." title="Limb Loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html" id="518" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;People can lose all or part of an arm or leg for a number of reasons. Common ones include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with blood circulation. These may be the result of atherosclerosis or diabetes. Severe cases may result in amputation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries, including from traffic accidents and military combat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Birth defects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some amputees have phantom pain, which is the feeling of pain in the missing limb. Other physical problems include surgical complications and skin problems, if you wear an artificial limb. Many amputees use an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/artificiallimbs.html"&gt;artificial limb&lt;/a&gt;. Learning how to use it takes time. Physical therapy can help you adapt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Recovery from the loss of a limb can be hard. Sadness, anger, and frustration are common.  If you are having a tough time, talk to your doctor. Treatment with medicine or counseling can help.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html" id="1738" language="Spanish">Pérdida de extremidades</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000674">Amputees</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/artificiallimbs.html" id="5573">Artificial Limbs</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amputation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Phantom Limb</see-reference>
<site title="Amputations" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/amputation-factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amputation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=amputation&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amputation, Traumatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amputation,+Traumatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amputees" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amputees%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Artificial Limbs" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=prosthetic+limbs&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Phantom Limb" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Phantom+Limb%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Aging and Amputation" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/coping_with_aging_and_amputation/">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Complications and Amputation Prevention" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emotional Recovery" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/emotional-recovery-2/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot amputation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importance of Gait Training" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/importance-of-gait-training/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leg amputation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000014.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg or foot amputation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007365.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg or foot amputation - dressing change" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Management of Residual Limb Pain" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/limb-loss-resource-center/resources-for-pain-management/management-of-residual-limb-pain/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Missing or Incompletely Formed Limbs" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/birth-defects-of-the-bones-joints-and-muscles/missing-or-incompletely-formed-limbs" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/defectos-cong%C3%A9nitos-de-la-cara-los-huesos-las-articulaciones-y-los-m%C3%BAsculos/extremidades-ausentes-o-incompletas">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phantom limb pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000050.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Points to Know and Consider When Preparing for and Undergoing an Amputation" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/points-to-know/" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-before-amputation/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limb Loss" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Amputees%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitation After Limb Amputation" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation/rehabilitation-after-limb-amputation" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/fundamentos/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n-tras-la-amputaci%C3%B3n-de-un-miembro">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Residual Limb Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/residual-limb-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20541403?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Taking Care of Your Limb" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/tips-for-taking-care/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic amputation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000006.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When a Parent Loses a Limb: Helping Children Cope" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/when-a-parent-loses-a-limb-helping-children-cope/" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/fact_sheets/childcope.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wound Care: Preventing Infection" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/wound-care-preventing-infection/" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/easyread/fact_sheets/woundcare-ez.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Amputee Coalition of America</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Para evitar infectarse con gérmenes de superficies y objetos, es importante lavarse las manos con frecuencia. También debe limpiar y desinfectar superficies y objetos con regularidad. Conozca la diferencia entre limpiar, sanitizar y desinfectar." title="Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7608" language="Spanish" date-created="09/22/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Dónde se encuentran los gérmenes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los gérmenes son parte de la vida diaria. Algunos de ellos son beneficiosos, pero otros son dañinos y causan enfermedades. Se pueden encontrar en todas partes, en el aire, suelo y agua. Están en nuestra piel y en nuestro cuerpo. Los gérmenes también están en las superficies y los objetos que tocamos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, esos gérmenes pueden contagiarle y enfermarlo. Por ejemplo, podría haber gérmenes en el control remoto de un televisor. Usted podría infectarse con los gérmenes si toca el control remoto y luego se frota los ojos o la nariz; o come con las manos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo evitar contraer gérmenes de superficies y objetos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para evitar infectarse con gérmenes de superficies y objetos, es importante &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia. Pero no puede lavarse las manos cada vez que toca algo. Por ello, también es importante limpiar y desinfectar superficies y objetos con regularidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la diferencia entre limpiar, sanitizar y desinfectar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas piensan que desinfectar es lo mismo que limpiar o sanitizar (también llamado higienizar o sanear). Pero estos son diferentes.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;limpieza&lt;/strong&gt; elimina la suciedad, el polvo, las migas y los gérmenes de las superficies u objetos. Cuando limpie, probablemente usará jabón (o detergente) y agua para limpiar físicamente las superficies y los objetos. Esto no necesariamente mata los gérmenes. Pero como eliminó algunos de ellos, habrían menos gérmenes que podrían transmitirle alguna infección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;sanitización&lt;/strong&gt; (término que en inglés significa desinfectar, pero que en español significa higienizar)  utiliza productos químicos (desinfectantes) para matar los gérmenes en superficies y objetos. Algunos sanitizantes comunes son las soluciones de lejía y alcohol. En general, debe dejar actuar el sanitizante en las superficies y los objetos durante un cierto período de tiempo para matar los gérmenes. La sanitización no necesariamente limpia las superficies sucias ni elimina los gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;desinfección&lt;/strong&gt; se puede realizar limpiando, sanitizando o ambos a la vez. Desinfectar significa reducir la cantidad de gérmenes a un nivel seguro. Lo que se considera un nivel seguro depende de los estándares o requisitos de salud pública en un lugar de trabajo o escuela, entre otros. Por ejemplo, existen procedimientos de desinfección para restaurantes y otras instalaciones que preparan alimentos. Lo que haga para desinfectar variará, según sus necesidades. Es posible que friegue el piso con un trapeador, un químico y agua. Puede usar un lavavajillas para desinfectar los platos. O podría usar una toallita antibacteriana en el control remoto de un televisor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si limpia y desinfecta una superficie u objeto, puede reducir aún más el riesgo de propagar una infección. Hay productos que limpian y desinfectan al mismo tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué superficies y objetos necesito limpiar y desinfectar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir la propagación de infecciones, debe limpiar y desinfectar con regularidad las superficies y los objetos que se tocan con frecuencia. Por ejemplo, en su casa, esto incluiría encimeras, picaportes, manijas de grifos e inodoros, interruptores de luz, controles remotos y juguetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo limpiar y desinfectar de forma segura?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es importante estar seguro al usar productos de limpieza y desinfección:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Guárdelos en sus envases originales. Siga siempre las instrucciones y preste atención a las advertencias de la etiqueta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; No mezcle limpiadores y desinfectantes a menos que las etiquetas indiquen que es seguro hacerlo. La combinación de ciertos productos (como blanqueador con cloro y limpiadores con amoníaco) puede causar lesiones graves o incluso la muerte&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Lea la etiqueta para ver si debe usar guantes para proteger sus manos y / o protección para los ojos cuando use estos productos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html"&gt;traga, inhala o su piel entra en contacto&lt;/a&gt; con estos productos, siga las instrucciones de la etiqueta o busque atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Guárdelos fuera del alcance de los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7607" language="English">Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Cómo desinfectar su teléfono y otros dispositivos" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/como-desinfectar-su-telefono-y-otros-dispositivos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/how-sanitize-your-phone-and-other-devices">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpiar para prevenir la propagación de microbios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpieza de suministros y equipos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos de limpieza, higiene y desinfección" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/prevention/paginas/cleaners-sanitizers-disinfectants.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La linfedema es un tipo de inflamación que ocurre cuando la linfa se acumula en el tejido blando del cuerpo. Causas y opciones para tratamiento aquí." title="Linfedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphedema.html" id="4611" language="Spanish" date-created="10/08/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Linfedema es el nombre de un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;inflamación&lt;/a&gt;. Ocurre cuando se acumula linfa en los tejidos blandos del cuerpo. La linfa es un líquido que contiene glóbulos blancos, células que defienden contra los gérmenes. Se puede acumular cuando el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;sistema linfático&lt;/a&gt; está dañado o bloqueado. Suele ocurrir en los brazos o las piernas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Las causas de linfedema incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tejido cicatricial por radioterapia o extirpación quirúrgica de ganglios linfáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Afecciones hereditarias en las que los ganglios linfáticos o los vasos no se desarrollan normalmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Incluye ejercicios, dispositivos de compresión, cuidado de la piel y masajes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html" id="4610" language="English">Lymphedema</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html" id="1879">Edema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="2016">Enfermedades del sistema linfático</related-topic>
<site title="Cuidados personales con el linfedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000045.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Filariasis linfática" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-parasitarias-nematodos-lombrices/filariasis-linf%C3%A1tica">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kathy Bates está descubriendo cómo vivir con linfedema" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/kathy-bates-como-vivir-con-linfedema" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/kathy-bates-is-figuring-out-how-to-live-with-lymphedema">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/linfedema" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/hinchazon/linfedema.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/swelling/lymphedema.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374687?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfedema: Vivir con hinchazón y rigidez" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/linfedema-vivir-con-hinchazon-y-rigidez" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/lymphedema-living-with-swelling-and-stiffness">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfogammagrafía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medias de compresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medias de compresión aportan beneficios terapéuticos cuando se usan bien" url="https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/es/2017/10/24/las-medias-de-compresion-aportan-beneficios-terapeuticos-cuando-se-usan-bien/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción linfática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001117.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Para quienes tienen linfedema" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/hinchazon/linfedema/para-quienes-tienen-linfedema.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/swelling/lymphedema/for-people-with-lymphedema.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Hennekam" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12373/sindrome-de-hennekam/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se trata el linfedema?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/linfedema#como-se-trata-el-linfedema" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema#how-is-lymphedema-treated">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El linfoma es un cáncer y afecta al sistema inmunitario. El linfoma de Hodgkin y el linfoma no Hodgkin son tipos de linfoma. Síntomas y tratamientos." title="Linfoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html" id="2017" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Linfoma no Hodgkin</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El linfoma es un cáncer de una parte del sistema inmunitario llamado sistema linfático. Existen muchos tipos de linfoma. Un tipo se denomina &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hodgkinlymphoma.html"&gt;linfoma de Hodgkin&lt;/a&gt;. El resto se conoce como linfoma no Hodgkin. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los linfomas no Hodgkin comienzan cuando un tipo de glóbulos blancos, llamado células T o células B, se hacen anormales. Las células se dividen una y otra vez aumentando el número de células anormales. Las células anormales pueden diseminarse a casi todas las demás partes del cuerpo. La mayor parte del tiempo, los médicos no pueden determinar por qué una persona desarrolla un linfoma no Hodgkin. Usted está en mayor riesgo si tiene un sistema inmunitario débil o cierto tipo de infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El linfoma no Hodgkin puede causar muchos síntomas, tales como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ganglios linfáticos inflamados, sin dolor, en el cuello, las axilas o la ingle &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso inexplicable &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sudoración nocturna profusa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tos, dificultad para respirar o dolor torácico &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Debilidad y cansancio que no desaparece &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor, inflamación o sensación de hinchazón abdominal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico diagnosticará el linfoma con un examen físico, pruebas de sangre, una radiografía torácica y una biopsia. Los tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia, radioterapia, terapia dirigida, terapia biológica o terapia para eliminar ciertas proteínas de la sangre. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. La terapia biológica potencia la habilidad del propio cuerpo de luchar contra el cáncer. Si no tiene síntomas, puede no requerir tratamiento de inmediato. A esto se le llama espera vigilante.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html" id="117" language="English">Lymphoma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hodgkinlymphoma.html" id="1960">Linfoma de Hodgkin</related-topic>
<see-reference>Linfoma no Hodgkin</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en el tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (linfoma no Hodgkin en adultos)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-lnh-adultos-pdq#_190" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq#_190">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-linfoma-primario-snc-pdq#_25" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/primary-cns-lymphoma-treatment-pdq#_25">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (linfoma relacionado con el sida)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#_45" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_45">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de los ganglios linfáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003933.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conozca el subtipo de NHL que tiene: Linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS56S_Know%20Your%20NHL%20Subtype_SPA_6_16%20Reprint.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer infantil: Linfoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cancer-lymphoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-lymphoma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de globulinas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003544.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de la micosis fungoide (incluso el síndrome de Sézary)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-micosis-fungoide-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/mycosis-fungoides-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del linfoma no Hodgkin en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-lnh-adultos-pdq#_158" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq#_158">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen citológico del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003866.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de inmunofijación en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003543.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de nefelometría cuantitativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía sobre el linfoma: Información para pacientes y cuidadores" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2022-09/PS50S_Lymphoma_Guide_2022_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma no Hodgkin en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-lnh-adultos-pdq#section/_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq#_129">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma no Hodgkin infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-lnh-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-nhl-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-linfoma-primario-snc-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/primary-cns-lymphoma-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma relacionado con el sida" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#section/_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la micosis fungoide y el síndrome de Sézary" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-micosis-fungoide-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/mycosis-fungoides-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunofijación en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003593.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoterapia" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS9S_SP_Immunotherapy2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/immunotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfangiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003798.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfoma de Burkitt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001308.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfoma de células del manto" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS4S_SP_MCL_Facts_Rev.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/mantlecelllymphoma.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS58S_SP_NHL_2020_FINAL_rev.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.lls.org/lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma?src1=20045&amp;src2=">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000581.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfoma no Hodgkin en niños" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin-en-ninos.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linforma no Hodgkin en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007686.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007686.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000588.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/FS19S_Pain_Mgt_FactSheet_0423_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopia con biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integrativa y terapias complementarias y alternativas: Terapias que forman parte de la atención médica para el cáncer de la sangre" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteína en orina de 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003622.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de células B y T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de marcador tumoral de microglobulina Beta-2 (B2M)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-de-microglobulina-beta-2-b2m/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/beta-2-microglobulin-b2m-tumor-marker-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas analíticas para leucemia/linfoma de linfocitos B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003518.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de laboratorio y de imagenología" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/PS41S_SP_Understanding_Labs_FINAL_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioinmunoterapia (RIT)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/radio-immuno" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/radio-immuno">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor mediastinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001086.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida como sobreviviente de linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el linfoma de Hodgkin y el linfoma no Hodgkin?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/expert-answers/lymphoma/faq-20058546?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/expert-answers/lymphoma/FAQ-20058546?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del linfoma no Hodgkin?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el linfoma no Hodgkin en niños?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin-en-ninos/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/childhood-non-hodgkin-lymphoma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir el linfoma no Hodgkin?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El linfoma de Hodgkin es un tipo de cáncer del sistema linfático. Aprenda sobre los síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hodgkinlymphoma.html" id="1960" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedad de Hodgkin</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el linfoma de Hodgkin?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El linfoma de Hodgkin, también conocido como enfermedad de Hodgkin, es un tipo de cáncer que se desarrolla en el sistema linfático. Su sistema linfático es parte de su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;. Ayuda a proteger su cuerpo de infecciones y enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El sistema linfático está formado por tejidos y órganos que producen, almacenan y transportan glóbulos blancos. Incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;Médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vasos linfáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html"&gt;Bazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Timo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Amígdalas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El linfoma de Hodgkin es uno de los principales tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html"&gt;linfoma&lt;/a&gt;. El otro es el linfoma no Hodgkin. Cada tipo comienza en diferentes tipos de glóbulos blancos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el linfoma de Hodgkin?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa del linfoma de Hodgkin. Pero hay ciertas personas que tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar linfoma de Hodgkin?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos factores pueden hacerle más propenso a desarrollar linfoma de Hodgkin:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su edad&lt;/strong&gt;: El linfoma de Hodgkin es más común en la edad adulta temprana (20 a 39 años) y en personas mayores (65 años o más)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ser hombre&lt;/strong&gt;: El riesgo de linfoma de Hodgkin en adultos es ligeramente mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infección previa por el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV)&lt;/strong&gt;: Tener una infección con EBV cuando niño o adolescente aumenta el riesgo de linfoma de Hodgkin&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares de linfoma de Hodgkin&lt;/strong&gt;: Tener un padre o un hermano con linfoma de Hodgkin aumenta el riesgo de desarrollarlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del linfoma de Hodgkin?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los signos y síntomas del linfoma de Hodgkin pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados e indoloros en el cuello, la axila o la ingle&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; sin razón conocida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sudores nocturnos intensos (sudoración muy abundante mientras duerme)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente en los últimos 6 meses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html"&gt;Comezón &lt;/a&gt; en la piel, especialmente después de bañarse o beber alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el linfoma de Hodgkin?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene linfoma de Hodgkin, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas e historial médico: Esto incluye verificar si hay signos de enfermedad, como bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar algunas pruebas de laboratorio, como:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;Hemograma completo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estudios de química sanguínea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/"&gt;Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/"&gt;Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Exámenes de sangre para descartar otras afecciones médicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que se realicen pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografías computarizadas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tomografia-por-emision-de-positrones/"&gt;PET&lt;/a&gt; (tomografía por emisión de positrones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede hacer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de ganglio linfático&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el linfoma de Hodgkin?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el linfoma de Hodgkin incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia para el cáncer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, el linfoma de Hodgkin se puede curar si se detecta y se trata a tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hodgkinlymphoma.html" id="1262" language="English">Hodgkin Lymphoma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html" id="2017">Linfoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hodgkin, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en el tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento del linfoma de Hodgkin en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_57" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_57">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento del linfoma de Hodgkin infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#_51" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_51">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia con aguja" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de los ganglios linfáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003933.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Biopsia de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003934.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres posteriores al linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/despues-del-tratamiento/segundos-canceres.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del linfoma de Hodgkin en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del linfoma de Hodgkin infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ferritina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003490.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo del linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía sobre el linfoma: Información para pacientes y cuidadores" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2022-09/PS50S_Lymphoma_Guide_2022_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma de Hodgkin infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#section/_101" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma relacionado con el sida" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#section/_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000580.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfoma de Hodgkin (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hodgkin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hodgkin.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Linfoma de Hodgkin en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007685.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor" url="https://lls.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/FS19S_Pain_Mgt_FactSheet_0423_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopia con biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de PD-L1 (inmunoterapia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para diagnosticar el linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
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<site title="Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma" url="https://www.lls.org/node/1690491" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
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<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hodgkin con predominio linfocitario nodular" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/tratamiento/linfoma-hodgkin-con-predominio-linfocitario-nodular.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/treating/nlphd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del linfoma de Hodgkin primario resistente al tratamiento o recidivante en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-infantil-pdq#_115" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/child-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_115">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el linfoma de Hodgkin y el linfoma no Hodgkin?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/expert-answers/lymphoma/faq-20058546?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/expert-answers/lymphoma/FAQ-20058546?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones y el tratamiento del linfoma de Hodgkin?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el linfoma de Hodgkin?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-hodgkin/acerca/que-es-enfermedad-de-hodgkin.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/hodgkin-lymphoma/about/what-is-hodgkin-disease.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lipids include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Disorders like Gaucher disease and Tay-Sachs cause problems with how your body uses lipids. Read more." title="Lipid Metabolism Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6387" language="English" date-created="08/23/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;metabolic disorder&lt;/a&gt;, something goes wrong with this process.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Lipid metabolism disorders, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html"&gt;Gaucher disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html"&gt;Tay-Sachs disease&lt;/a&gt;, involve lipids. Lipids are fats or fat-like substances. They include oils, fatty acids, waxes, and cholesterol. If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down lipids. Or the enzymes may not work properly and your body can't convert the fats into energy. They cause a harmful amount of lipids to build up in your body. Over time, that can damage your cells and tissues, especially in the brain, peripheral nervous system, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Many of these disorders can be very serious, or sometimes even fatal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;screened&lt;/a&gt; for some of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic testing&lt;/a&gt; to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Enzyme replacement therapies can help with a few of these disorders. For others, there is no treatment. Medicines, blood transfusions, and other procedures may help with complications.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6388" language="Spanish">Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008052">Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D052439">Lipid Metabolism Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6385">Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6389">Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703">Metabolic Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Acid Lipase Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/acid-lipase-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001666.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-i-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-ii-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carnitine-acylcarnitine-translocase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cerebrotendinous-xanthomatosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chanarin-dorfman-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chylomicronemia syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000405.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lipid Metabolism Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lipid+Metabolism+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/combined-malonic-and-methylmalonic-aciduria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Fabry disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fabry-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Familial hypercholesterolemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypobetalipoproteinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000408.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Farber lipogranulomatosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/farber-lipogranulomatosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gaucher Disease: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipid Storage Diseases" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lipid-storage-diseases">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lysosomal-acid-lipase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/malonyl-coa-decarboxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/medium-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MEGDEL syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megdel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acid blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003565.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acidemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001162.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/methylmalonic-acidemia-with-homocystinuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methylmalonic acidemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/methylmalonic-acidemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucolipidosis type IV: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mucolipidosis-type-iv">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neutral-lipid-storage-disease-with-myopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niemann-Pick disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001207.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niemann-Pick disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/niemann-pick-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary carnitine deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-carnitine-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipid Metabolism Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lipid+Metabolism%2C+Inborn+Errors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Lipid+Metabolism+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rhizomelic-chondrodysplasia-punctata">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/short-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sitosterolemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sitosterolemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/smith-lemli-opitz-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tay-Sachs Disease: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Xanthoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001447.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="VLDL es uno de los tipos de colesterol &quot;malo&quot;. Tener demasiado puede provocar una acumulación de colesterol en las arterias. Aprenda cómo reducir su nivel de VLDL." title="Lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6910" language="Spanish" date-created="04/23/2018">
<also-called>Colesterol de muy baja densidad (VLDL)</also-called>
<also-called>LMBD</also-called>
<also-called>Lipoproteína de muy escasa densidad</also-called>
<also-called>Lipoproteína de muy poca densidad</also-called>
<also-called>VLDL</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como carne y productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien, pero tener demasiado colesterol en la sangre aumenta el riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;VLDL (very low density lipoprotein en inglés) significa lipoproteína de muy baja densidad.  Su hígado produce colesterol VLDL y lo libera a su torrente sanguíneo. Las partículas de VLDL llevan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;, otro tipo de grasa, a sus tejidos. VLDL es similar al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol LDL&lt;/a&gt;, pero el LDL transporta colesterol a los tejidos en lugar de triglicéridos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tanto el VLDL y el LDL son llamados a veces colesteroles "malos" porque pueden contribuir a la acumulación de placa en las arterias. A esta acumulación se le llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. La placa es una sustancia pegajosa compuesta de grasa, colesterol, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece y hace más angostas sus arterias. Esto limita el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno a su cuerpo. Puede conducir a la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo sé cuál es mi nivel de lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay una manera de medir directamente su nivel de VLDL. En cambio, lo más probable es que se deba hacer un análisis de sangre para medir su nivel de triglicéridos. El laboratorio puede usar su nivel de triglicéridos para estimar cuál es su nivel de VLDL. Su VLDL es aproximadamente una quinta parte de su nivel de triglicéridos. Sin embargo, estimar su VLDL de esta manera no funciona si su nivel de triglicéridos es muy alto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál debería ser mi nivel de lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su nivel de VLDL debe ser inferior a 30 mg / dL (miligramos por decilitro). Cualquier cantidad más alta que eso lo pone en riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo reducir mi nivel de lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Como el VLDL y los triglicéridos están relacionados, puede reducir el nivel de VLDL disminuyendo su nivel de triglicéridos. Es posible que pueda reducir sus triglicéridos con una combinación de pérdida de peso, dieta y ejercicio. Es importante cambiar a grasas saludables y reducir el consumo de azúcar y alcohol. Algunas personas también pueden necesitar tomar medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6909" language="English">VLDL Cholesterol</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Colesterol de muy baja densidad (VLDL)</see-reference>
<see-reference>VLDL</see-reference>
<site title="Apolipoproteína CII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003505.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol VLDL: ¿Es perjudicial?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/vldl-cholesterol/faq-20058275?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/vldl-cholesterol/faq-20058275?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo bajar su colesterol: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de VLDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Explicación de las grasas en la alimentación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de triglicéridos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003493.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Listeria infections are caused by bacteria found in raw and processed foods. Find a list of symptoms and treatments that can help reduce your risk." title="Listeria Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/listeriainfections.html" id="1241" language="English" date-created="11/20/2000">
<also-called>Listeriosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Listeriosis is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;foodborne illness&lt;/a&gt; caused by Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria found in soil and water.  It can be in a variety of raw foods as well as in processed foods and foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria is unlike many other germs because it can grow even in the cold temperature of the refrigerator.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include fever and chills, headache, upset stomach and vomiting. Treatment is with antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get the illness. But it is most likely to affect pregnant women and unborn babies, older adults, and people with weak immune systems. To reduce your risk:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use precooked and ready-to-eat foods as soon as you can &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Avoid raw milk and raw milk products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Heat ready-to-eat foods and leftovers until they are steaming hot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Wash fresh fruits and vegetables &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Avoid rare meat and refrigerated smoked seafood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/listeriainfections.html" id="2007" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Listeria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008088">Listeriosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/listeriainfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<site title="About Listeria Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/diagnosis.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Listeria Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Listeria+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Listeria Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeria and Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/listeria-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeria from Food Safety for Moms to Be" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/health-educators/listeria-food-safety-moms-be" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/listeria-de-seguridad-alimentaria-para-futuras-mamas">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeria Infection (Listeriosis) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/listeriosis-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/listeriosis/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeria Infections (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/listeria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/listeria.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listeriosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001380.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Listeria Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Listeriosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Listeria Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/listeria/symptoms.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know About Preventing Listeria Infections" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/what-you-need-know-about-preventing-listeria-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/78644/download">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The most common form of liver cancer in adults is hepatocellular carcinoma. Learn about diagnosis, treatment and taking part in research studies." title="Liver Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html" id="309" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<also-called>Hepatocellular carcinoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Primary liver cancer starts in the liver.  Metastatic liver cancer starts somewhere else and spreads to your liver. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Risk factors for primary liver cancer include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html"&gt;hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heavy alcohol use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;, or scarring of the liver&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;hemochromatosis&lt;/a&gt;, an iron storage disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obesity and diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms can include a lump or pain on the right side of your abdomen and yellowing of the skin. However, you may not have symptoms until the cancer is advanced.  This makes it harder to treat. Doctors use tests that examine the liver and the blood to diagnose liver cancer. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html"&gt;liver transplantation&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Liver Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/screening" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado/deteccion#section/all">
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<site title="Liver Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer/stages" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado/estadios">
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<site title="Liver Cancer Survical Rates" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/tasas-de-supervivencia.html">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Liver Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">
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<site title="Living as a Liver Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Needle Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
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<site title="Liver Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Liver+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Questions to Ask About Liver Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="TACE Cancerous Tumor Therapy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chemoembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chemoembol">
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<site title="Tests for Liver Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
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<site title="What Causes Liver Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
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<site title="What Is Liver Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/about/what-is-liver-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-higado.html">
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<site title="What Is Liver Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/what-is-liver-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/higado/que-es-cancer-de-higado">
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<site title="What's New in Liver Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/liver-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-higado/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Get the facts about liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cancer, and cirrhosis. Know your risk and what you can do to prevent liver problems." title="Liver Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html" id="310" language="English" date-created="04/02/1999">
<also-called>Hepatic disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many kinds of liver diseases:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Diseases caused by  viruses, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html"&gt;hepatitis A&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html"&gt;hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Diseases caused by drugs, poisons, or too much alcohol. Examples include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html"&gt;fatty liver disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;Liver cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inherited diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html"&gt;hemochromatosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html"&gt;Wilson disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of liver disease can vary, but they often include swelling of the abdomen and legs, bruising easily, changes in the color of your stool and urine, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;jaundice&lt;/a&gt;, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. Sometimes there are no symptoms. Tests such as imaging tests and liver function tests can check for liver damage and help to diagnose liver diseases.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del hígado</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008107">Liver Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html" id="3787">Bile Duct Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html" id="190">Cirrhosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html" id="6465">Fatty Liver Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html" id="1286">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
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<site title="Liver Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547852/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Loss of brain function - liver disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000302.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk Thistle" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/milk-thistle">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MPV17-related hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mpv17-related-hepatocerebral-mitochondrial-dna-depletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Needle Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis - secondary" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000651.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis - spontaneous bacterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000648.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Portacaval shunting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007336.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Portal Hypertension" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/portal-hypertension" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-h%C3%ADgado-y-de-la-ves%C3%ADcula-biliar/manifestaciones-cl%C3%ADnicas-de-las-enfermedades-hep%C3%A1ticas/hipertensi%C3%B3n-portal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-esclerosante-primaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)" url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-psc/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/autoimmune-liver-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis-pbc/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progression of Liver Disease to Liver Cancer" url="https://liverfoundation.org/resource-center/videos/the-progression-of-liver-disease-to-liver-cancer/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-familial-intrahepatic-cholestasis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protein electrophoresis - serum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Liver+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pyogenic liver abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000261.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quantitative nephelometry test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing Jaundice: Signs That Your Liver Isn't Delivering" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/10/recognizing-jaundice" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-reconocer-la-ictericia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rotor syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rotor-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TBG blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total iron binding capacity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003483.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total Protein and Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/total-protein-and-albumin-globulin-a-g-ratio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/proteinas-totales-y-relacion-albumina-globulinaa-g/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tips" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tips">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007210.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tyrosinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tyrosinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Understand the facts about liver transplantation. Read about risks, outlook and the process for getting a liver transplant." title="Liver Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" id="311" language="English" date-created="07/13/1999">
<also-called>Hepatic transplantation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. You cannot live without a liver that works. If your liver fails, your doctor may put you on a waiting list for a liver transplant. Doctors do liver transplants when other treatment cannot keep a damaged liver working.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During a liver transplantation, the surgeon removes the diseased liver and replaces it with a healthy one. Most transplant livers come from a donor who has died.  Sometimes there is a living donor.  This is when a healthy person donates part of his or her liver for a specific patient.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common reason for a transplant in adults is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrhosis&lt;/a&gt;. This is scarring of the liver, caused by injury or long-term disease. The most common reason in children is biliary atresia, a disease of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;bile ducts&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a transplant, you must take drugs the rest of your life to help keep your body from rejecting the new liver.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" id="2010" language="Spanish">Trasplante de hígado</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016031">Liver Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html" id="190">Cirrhosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html" id="109">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html" id="310">Liver Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462">Organ Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hepatic Transplantation</see-reference>
<site title="About the Operation: Liver Transplant" url="https://transplantliving.org/organ-facts/liver/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Liver Foundation" url="https://liverfoundation.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Liver Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Liver Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22liver+transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting a New Liver: Facts about Liver Transplants" url="https://www.myast.org/uploads/files/general/Getting-A-New-Liver-Adults_FINAL.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Transplantation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liver transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003006.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Transplant" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/liver-transplant">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Liver Transplant (for parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/liver-transplant.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/liver-transplant.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100090_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100090_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Transplant: Complications/Medications" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/liver-transplant/patient/complications.asp">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Transplant: Nutrition" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/liver-transplant/patient/nutrition.asp">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living Donor Liver Transplantation" url="https://www.myast.org/uploads/files/general/Living-Donor-Liver-Transplantation_FINAL.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Transplantation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network" url="https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Liver+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions and Answers for Transplant Candidates about Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD)" url="https://www.unos.org/wp-content/uploads/unos/MELD_PELD.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The SRTR/OPTN Annual Data Report" url="https://www.srtr.org/reports/optnsrtr-annual-data-report/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infection with HIV is serious, but the outlook is improving. Discover the many things you can do to help ensure you have a longer, healthier life. " title="Living with HIV" url="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html" id="1502" language="English" date-created="07/02/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are HIV and AIDS?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AIDS is the final stage of infection with HIV. It happens when the body's immune system is badly damaged because of the virus. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Are there treatments for HIV?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for HIV, but there are many medicines to treat both &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;HIV infection&lt;/a&gt;  and the  health problems and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt; (called opportunistic infections, or OIs) that come with it. The medicines allow people with HIV to have long, healthy lives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I live a healthier life with HIV?  &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;IIf you have HIV, you can help yourself by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting medical care as soon as you find out that you have HIV. You should find a health care provider who has experience in treating HIV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking your medicines every day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Letting your provider know if you get any new symptoms or health problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping up with your regular medical and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html"&gt;dental care&lt;/a&gt;.This includes staying up to date with your recommended &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;health screenings&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccinations&lt;/a&gt;. Your provider can let you know which ones you need. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt; and getting support, such as from support groups, therapists, and social service organizations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trying to live a healthy lifestyle, including:&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eating healthy foods.This can give your body the energy it needs to fight HIV and other infections. It can help you manage HIV symptoms and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;medicine side effects&lt;/a&gt;. It may also improve absorption of your HIV medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;. This can strengthen your body and immune system. It may also reduce the risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;.
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough sleep&lt;/a&gt;. Sleep is important for your physical strength and mental health.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Not smoking. People with HIV who smoke have a higher risk of developing conditions such as certain cancers and infections. Smoking can also interfere with your medicines. Talk to your provider if you need help &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Avoiding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;heavy drinking&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;taking illegal drugs&lt;/a&gt;. They can damage your liver, which means your HIV medicine may not work as well. They can also make it harder for your body to fight infections.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Protecting yourself from OIs. Talk to your provider about medicines and vaccines that prevent certain OIs. Also, be careful to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;avoid exposure to contaminated food and water&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is also important to reduce the risk of spreading HIV to other people. You should tell your sex partners that you have HIV and always use latex condoms. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729" language="Spanish">Viviendo con VIH</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015658">HIV Infections</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000523">psychology</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html" id="1503">HIV and Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470">HIV and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivinwomen.html" id="5737">HIV in Women</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287">HIV Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kaposisarcoma.html" id="481">Kaposi Sarcoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>AIDS--Living With AIDS</see-reference>
<see-reference>HIV--Living With</see-reference>
<site title="Aging with HIV" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-care-of-yourself/aging-with-hiv">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinicalinfo: Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: HIV/AIDS and Quality of Life" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22HIV+infections%22&amp;term=%22quality+of+life%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs, Alcohol and HIV" url="https://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/daily/alcohol-drugs/single-page.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts: HIV in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/faqs/fat-loss-and-gain.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about AIDS-Related Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#section/_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get the Facts about HIV Medical Care" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_508c_0.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/infections/hiv-infection-aids/hiv-aids-and-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/infecciones/infeccion-con-vih-sida/como-se-relacionan-vih-y-sida-con-cancer.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV and COVID-19" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-covid-19">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Immunizations" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-immunizations" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-inmunizaciones">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Infections: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsandinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Nutrition and Food Safety" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-nutrition-and-food-safety" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-la-nutricion-y-la-seguridad-alimentaria">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Pregnancy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsandpregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsandpregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Clinical Guidelines Now Recommend High Resolution Anoscopy as Part of Anal Cancer Screening Program for People with HIV" url="https://www.hiv.gov/blog/hiv-clinical-guidelines-now-recommend-high-resolution-anoscopy-as-part-of-anal-cancer-screening-program-for-people-with-hiv">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV Treatment Adherence" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-adherence" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/cumplimiento-del-regimen-de-tratamiento-del-vih">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV Treatment Overview" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV, AIDS, and Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-and-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vih-sida/vih-sida-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov" url="https://www.hiv.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV.gov Clinical Info: Clinical Guidelines" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV/AIDS &amp; Oral Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hiv-aids" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/vih-sida-y-la-salud-oral">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIVinfo" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/home-page">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find HIV Treatment Services" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/how-find-hiv-treatment-services" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/como-encontrar-servicios-de-tratamiento-para-la-infeccion-por-el-vih">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Stay Healthy with HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Take Care of Your Mental Health with HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Just Diagnosed: Next Steps after Testing Positive for HIV" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/just-diagnosed-next-steps-after-testing-positive-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/recien-diagnosticado-pasos-seguir-despues-de-un-resultado-positivo-de">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactic acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/basics/livingwithhiv/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health" url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/mental-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>HIV.gov</organization>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurological Complications of HIV and AIDS" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neurological-complications-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sida-y-vih-complicaciones-neurologicas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pets and People Living with HIV" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/pets-and-people-living-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/las-mascotas-y-las-personas-viviendo-con-el-vih">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with HIV/AIDS" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22HIV+Infections%2Fpsychology%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex and Sexuality and HIV" url="https://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/daily/sex/single-page.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of AIDS-Related Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Taking Your HIV Meds, on Time, All the Time" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/tips-taking-your-hiv-meds-time-all-time" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/consejos-para-tomar-el-tar-tiempo-siempre">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (AIDS Related-Lymphoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_45" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#_45">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to Do after Finding Out You Have HIV" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_SP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Some people have low blood pressure (hypotension). It is only a problem if it causes dizziness, fainting, or shock. Learn about what can cause it." title="Low Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html" id="1225" language="English" date-created="04/18/2000">
<also-called>Hypotension</also-called>
<also-called>LBP</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You've probably heard that high blood pressure is a problem. Sometimes blood pressure that is too low can also cause problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps out blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is the diastolic pressure. Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually they're written one above or before the other, such as 120/80. If your blood pressure reading is 90/60 or lower, you have low blood pressure. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people have low blood pressure all the time. They have no symptoms and their low readings are normal for them. In other people, blood pressure drops below normal because of a medical condition or certain medicines. Some people may have symptoms of low blood pressure when standing up too quickly.  Low blood pressure is a problem only if it causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;fainting&lt;/a&gt; or in extreme cases, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html" id="2011" language="Spanish">Presión arterial baja</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007022">Hypotension</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4242">Autonomic Nervous System Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html" id="34">High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Pressure</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypotension</see-reference>
<see-reference>Orthostatic Hypotension</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shy-Drager Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arterial Catheterization" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/arterial-catheterization.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypotension" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypotension%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypotension, Orthostatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypotension,+Orthostatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conditions Related to Parkinson's" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/what-is-parkinsons/related-conditions">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting (Syncope)" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/fainting-syncope">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatic ischemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000214.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007278.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20355465?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20355465?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/low-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measuring Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-system-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20356153?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-system-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20356153?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orthostatic Hypotension (Postural Hypotension)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orthostatic hypotension: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/orthostatic-hypotension">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postprandial Hypotension" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/symptoms-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/postprandial-hypotension" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-cardiovasculares/hipotensi%C3%B3n-posprandial">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Blood Pressure" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypotension%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Syncope (Fainting)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/symptoms-diagnosis--monitoring-of-arrhythmia/syncope-fainting">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tilt Table Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los lunares son crecimientos de la piel. La mayoría de la gente los tiene. Consulte con su médico si algún lunar o marca cambia de tamaño o de color." title="Lunares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/moles.html" id="4492" language="Spanish" date-created="03/05/2008">
<also-called>Nevos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los lunares son crecimientos sobre la piel. Se producen cuando las células productoras de pigmento de la piel, llamadas melanocitos, crecen en grupos. Los lunares son muy comunes. La mayoría de las personas tiene entre 10 y 40 lunares. Una persona puede desarrollar nuevos lunares hasta los 40 años aproximadamente. Suelen ir desapareciendo a medida que envejecemos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los lunares suelen ser rosados, morenos o marrones. Pueden ser planos o elevados. Generalmente son redondos u ovalados y no mayores que una goma de lápiz. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Casi una de cada diez personas tiene por lo menos un lunar inusual (atípico) de aspecto distinto a los lunares comunes. Este se denomina nevo displásico. Estos lunares pueden tener más probabilidades de convertirse en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html"&gt;melanoma&lt;/a&gt;, un tipo de cáncer de piel, que los lunares comunes. Usted debería consultar con un médico para que le revise cualquier lunar de aspecto irregular, de mayor crecimiento, que cambia de color o de forma o cualquier otro tipo de anormalidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/moles.html" id="4491" language="English">Moles</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="2151">Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel</related-topic>
<see-reference>Marcas de nacimiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nacimiento, Marcas de</see-reference>
<site title="Autoexamen de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lunares atípicos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lunares-atipicos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lunares comunes, nevos displásicos y el riesgo de melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/hoja-informativa-lunares" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/moles-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manchas en la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003224.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003224.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas de nacimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/birthmarks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/birthmarks.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas de nacimiento pigmentadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000828.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanocitosis dérmica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001472.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nevo congénito gigante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001453.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nevos displásicos (lunares atípicos)" url="https://cancerdepiel.org/cancer-de-piel/nevos-displasicos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación contra el Cáncer de Piel</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos comercializados para eliminar lunares y otras carnosidades en la piel pueden causar daños y cicatrices" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-comercializados-para-eliminar-lunares-y-otras-carnosidades-en-la-piel-pueden-causar" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-marketed-removing-moles-and-other-skin-lesions-can-cause-injuries-scarring">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lung cancer forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells that line the air passages. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women." title="Lung Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html" id="86" language="English" date-created="03/19/1999">
<also-called>Bronchogenic carcinoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is lung cancer?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Lung cancer is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt; that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells that line the air passages. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two main types: &lt;strong&gt;small cell lung cancer&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;non-small cell lung cancer&lt;/strong&gt;. These two types grow differently and are treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common type.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who more likely to develop lung cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop lung cancer, but certain factors raise your risk of getting it:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;. This is the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Tobacco smoking causes about 9 out of 10 cases of lung cancer in men and about 8 out of 10 cases of lung cancer in women. The more years you smoke and the more cigarettes you smoke each day, the more your risk goes up.  Your risk is also greater if you smoke a lot and drink &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; every day or take beta carotene supplements. If you have quit smoking, your risk will be lower than if you had kept smoking. But you will still have a higher risk than people who never smoked.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;Secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;, which is the combination of the smoke that comes from a cigarette and the smoke breathed out by a smoker. When you breathe in secondhand smoke, you are exposed to the same cancer-causing agents as smokers, although in smaller amounts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family history of lung cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being exposed to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html"&gt;asbestos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arsenic.html"&gt;arsenic&lt;/a&gt;, chromium, beryllium, nickel, soot, or tar in the workplace.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;exposed to radiation&lt;/a&gt;, for example from:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt; to the breast or chest&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html"&gt;Radon&lt;/a&gt; in the home or workplace&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Certain imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV infection&lt;/a&gt;. Your risk is higher if you have HIV. However, smoking rates are higher in people who have HIV, so it's not clear whether the increased risk is from the HIV infection or from smoking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;Air pollution&lt;/a&gt;. Studies show that living in areas with higher levels of air pollution increases your risk of lung cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of lung cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lung cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms until the cancer is advanced. Sometimes the cancer is found during a chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; done for another condition.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of lung cancer may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; or discomfort&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt; that doesn't go away or gets worse over time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing up blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hoarseness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no known reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Feeling very tired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling in the face and/or veins in the neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is lung cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have lung cancer, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order certain imaging tests, such as a chest x-ray or chest CT scan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order lab tests, including tests of your blood and sputum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a procedure to take a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; of the lung&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you do have lung cancer, your provider will do other tests to find out if it has spread through the lungs, lymph nodes, and the rest of the body. This is called staging. Knowing the type and stage of lung cancer you have helps your provider decide what kind of treatment you need.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have &lt;strong&gt;small-cell lung cancer,&lt;/strong&gt; your provider may also do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-cancer-genetic-tests/"&gt;genetic testing&lt;/a&gt; to look for certain gene changes (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/variants"&gt;variants&lt;/a&gt;) in your cancer cells. The results of the testing may help guide treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for lung cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For most patients with lung cancer, current treatments do not cure the cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your treatment will depend on which type of lung cancer you have, how far it has spread, your overall health, and other factors. You may get more than one type of treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for &lt;strong&gt;small cell lung cancer&lt;/strong&gt; may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radiation therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Laser therapy, which uses a laser beam to kill cancer cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Endoscopic stent placement. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body. It may be used to put in a device called a stent. The stent helps to open an airway that has been blocked by abnormal tissue.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for &lt;strong&gt;non-small cell lung cancer&lt;/strong&gt; may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radiation therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Immunotherapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Laser therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses a medicine and a certain type of laser light to kill cancer cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cryosurgery, which uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Electrocautery, a treatment that uses a probe or needle heated by an electric current to destroy abnormal tissue.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can lung cancer be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avoiding the risk factors may help prevent lung cancer. For example, you can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quit smoking&lt;/a&gt;. And if you don't smoke, don't start.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower your exposure to hazardous substances at work.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower your exposure to radon. Radon tests can show whether your home has high levels of radon. You can buy a test kit yourself or hire a professional to do the test.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html" id="2012" language="Spanish">Cáncer de pulmón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008175">Lung Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungcancer.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html" id="1443">Radon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108">Smoking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronchogenic Carcinoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Small Cell Lung Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="Advances in Lung Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CEA Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cea-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ace/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/child-pleuropulmonary-blastoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-blastoma-pleuropulmonar-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/child-tracheobronchial-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-traqueobronquial-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Bronchogenic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma,+Bronchogenic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma,+Non-Small-Cell+Lung%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Small Cell" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma,+Small+Cell%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lung Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lung+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coughing up blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cytology exam of pleural fluid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003866.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Lung Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/lung">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#_118" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-pulmon-celulas-no-pequenas-pdq#_118">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Small Cell Lung Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-pulmon-celulas-pequenas-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting an Accurate Read on Pulse Oximeters" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Manage Lung Cancer Side Effects?" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/treatment/manage-side-effects">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy Drugs Expand Treatment Options for Advanced Lung Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2018/pembrolizumab-lung-cancer-first-line">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lung and Bronchus Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007270.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung cancer - small cell" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000122.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/es/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer Genetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-cancer-genetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-geneticas-de-cancer-de-pulmon/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/prevencion-pulmon-pdq">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lung Cancer Risk Factors" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/es/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-screening-pdq#_13" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/deteccion-pulmon-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/statistics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/es/statistics/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lung-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer: Treatment Types" url="https://www.rtanswers.org/cancer-types/lung-cancer/treatment-types">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Radiation Oncology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung metastases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000097.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung needle biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003860.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Nodules: Can They Be Cancerous?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/expert-answers/lung-nodules/FAQ-20058445?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/expert-answers/lung-nodules/faq-20058445?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung PET scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007342.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopy with biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metastatic pleural tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000117.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Lung Screening Trial: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/nlst-qa" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/NLSTSpanishQA">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Needle Biopsy of the Lung" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nlungbiop" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nlungbiop">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Non-small cell lung cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007194.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Lung Cancer Patients" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/treatment/stay-healthy/nutrition">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Open lung biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003861.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Open pleural biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003863.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Physical Activity and Lung Cancer" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/treatment/stay-healthy/physical-activity-and-lung-cancer">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural needle biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003862.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lung+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Pulmonary lobectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100094_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100094_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Questions for Your Healthcare Team" url="https://go2.org/resources-and-support/questions-for-your-healthcare-team/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radon and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/radon/hoja-informativa-radon">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Lung Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-screening-pdq#_38" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/deteccion-pulmon-pdq#_45">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Screening for Lung Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/screening/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/es/screening/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/second-hand-smoke-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-humo-tabaco-ambiente">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Solitary pulmonary nodule" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000071.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#_134" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-pulmon-celulas-no-pequenas-pdq#_134">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Small Cell Lung Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#_77" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-pulmon-celulas-pequenas-pdq#_9">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Staging of Lung Cancer" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/lung-cancer-staging.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thermal Ablation for Tumor Treatment" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thermal-ablation-therapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thermal-ablation-therapy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#_164" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-pulmon-celulas-no-pequenas-pdq#_164">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Small Cell Lung Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#_92" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pulmon/paciente/tratamiento-pulmon-celulas-pequenas-pdq#_31">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Types of Lung Cancer Treatment?" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/treatment/types-of-treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Lung Cancer Facts" url="https://go2.org/advocacy/policy-priorities/women-and-lung-cancer-research-and-preventive-services-act/women-facts/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Lung Operation" url="https://www.facs.org/for-patients/the-day-of-your-surgery/lung/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American College of Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lung diseases are disorders or infections that affect the lungs and cause breathing problems. Some can lead to respiratory failure. Find out more about prevention, living with lung diseases, and treatment." title="Lung Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484" language="English" date-created="07/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen from the air and deliver it to the bloodstream. The cells in your body need oxygen to work and grow.  During a normal day, you breathe nearly 25,000 times. People with lung disease have difficulty breathing. Millions of people in the U.S. have lung disease. If all types of lung disease are lumped together, it is the number three killer in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The term lung disease refers to many disorders affecting the lungs, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt;, infections like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;influenza&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html"&gt;lung cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and many other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;. Some lung diseases can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;respiratory failure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los pulmones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008171">Lung Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lungdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077">Breathing Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html" id="5977">Bronchial Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html" id="6143">Collapsed Lung</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html" id="27">COPD</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5597">Interstitial Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" id="5334">Oxygen Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4627">Pleural Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html" id="363">Pneumonia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="377">Pulmonary Embolism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html" id="378">Pulmonary Fibrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html" id="3634">Pulmonary Hypertension</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html" id="6016">Respiratory Failure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3101">Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Respiratory Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="About Adenovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Histoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenovirus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the lungs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004011.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Air Pollutants" url="https://www.cdc.gov/air-quality/pollutants/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alveolar abnormalities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001093.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
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<site title="Simple pulmonary eosinophilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000105.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Solitary pulmonary nodule" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000071.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spirometry" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sputum fungal smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003736.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sputum Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003765.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swan-Ganz - right heart catheterization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003870.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transient tachypnea - newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Exercise, Diet and Lung Disease" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/NJH/media/pdf/pdf-Understanding-ExerciseDietLungDisease.pdf?modal=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warning Signs of Lung Disease" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Newborn Breathing Conditions?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/newborn-breathing-conditions">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Ventilator?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is LAM (Lymphangioleiomyomatosis)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/lam">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wheezing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Lung Operation" url="https://www.facs.org/for-patients/the-day-of-your-surgery/lung/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American College of Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Lungs and Respiratory System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lungs.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A lung transplant removes a diseased lung and replaces it with a healthy one. Discover what to expect before, after, and during a lung transplant. " title="Lung Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html" id="312" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A lung transplant removes a person's diseased lung and replaces it with a healthy one.  The healthy lung comes from a donor who has died. Some people get one lung during a transplant. Other people get two.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lung transplants are used for people who are likely to die from lung disease within 1 to 2 years. Their conditions are so severe that other treatments, such as medicines or breathing devices, no longer work. Lung transplants most often are used to treat people who have severe:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;Cystic fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Idiopathic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html"&gt;pulmonary fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html"&gt;Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;Pulmonary hypertension&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Complications of lung transplantation include rejection of the transplanted lung and infection. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html" id="2013" language="Spanish">Trasplante de pulmón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016040">Lung Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462">Organ Transplantation</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lung Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22lung+transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Exercise" url="https://transplantliving.org/after-the-transplant/lifestyle-changes/diet-and-exercise/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart-lung transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100147_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100147_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Disease Treatments" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-treatments">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Transplant" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100120_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100120_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network" url="https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Rejection" url="https://transplantliving.org/after-the-transplant/preventing-rejection/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lung+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="The SRTR/OPTN Annual Data Report" url="https://www.srtr.org/reports/optnsrtr-annual-data-report/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes your immune system to attack your healthy tissues and cells. This can cause damage to many parts of your body." title="Lupus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html" id="82" language="English" date-created="05/13/1999">
<also-called>Discoid lupus</also-called>
<also-called>SLE</also-called>
<also-called>Subacute cutaneous lupus</also-called>
<also-called>Systemic lupus erythematosus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lupus is a chronic (long-lasting) type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disease&lt;/a&gt;.Autoimmune diseases happen when your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This attack causes inflammation. It can also damage many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several types of lupus:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)&lt;/strong&gt; is the most common type. It can be mild or severe and can affect many parts of the body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cutaneous lupus&lt;/strong&gt; affects the skin. It causes a rash or sores, usually after your skin is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;exposed to sunlight&lt;/a&gt;. The two major types of cutaneous lupus are discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drug-induced lupus&lt;/strong&gt; is caused by a reaction to some medicines. The symptoms may start 3 to 6 months after starting the medicine. The symptoms usually go away when you stop taking the medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Neonatal lupus,&lt;/strong&gt; which is rare, affects newborns. It is caused by certain antibodies that are passed from the pregnant parent to the baby.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of lupus is unknown. Researchers are studying what might cause or trigger the disease, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-lupus-erythematosus"&gt;Genetics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Environmental factors, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viral infections&lt;/a&gt;, sunlight, certain medicines, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with the immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get lupus, but women get it much more often than men.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lupus is more common in African Americans than in White people. It is also more common in people of American Indian and Asian descent.  African American and Hispanic women are more likely to have severe forms of lupus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lupus can have many symptoms, and they differ from person to person. Some of the more common ones are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;Arthritis&lt;/a&gt;, causing painful and swollen joints and morning stiffness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt; or feeling tired often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt;, most often on the face (also called the "butterfly rash")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt; when taking a deep breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html"&gt;Hair loss&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pale or purple fingers or toes, from cold and stress (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html"&gt;Raynaud phenomenon&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensitivity to the sun&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling in legs or around eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mouth ulcers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen glands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms may come and go. When you are having symptoms, it is called a flare.  Flares can range from mild to severe. New symptoms may appear at any time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can lupus cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lupus causes inflammation throughout your body. This can cause problems in your organs, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kidney damage (lupus nephritis).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart problems&lt;/a&gt;, including inflammation in the heart (myocarditis), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;heart valves&lt;/a&gt;, or lining of the heart muscle (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html"&gt;pericarditis&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation of blood vessels (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html"&gt;vasculitis&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the lungs (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;pleurisy&lt;/a&gt;). This can make it painful to breathe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with lupus may be more likely to develop other conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; (CAD) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is lupus diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for lupus, and it's often mistaken for other diseases that cause similar symptoms. So it may take a while to get a diagnosis. To find out if you have lupus, your health care provider: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and family health history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a complete physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order blood tests, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/"&gt;ANA (antinuclear antibody)&lt;/a&gt;, antibodies, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;complete blood count&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complement-blood-test/"&gt;complement &lt;/a&gt; tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order other tests, such as urine tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsies&lt;/a&gt;:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Skin biopsy (looking at skin samples under a microscope)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Kidney biopsy (looking at tissue from your kidney under a microscope)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with lupus often need to see different providers. You will most likely have a primary care provider and a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints and muscles). Which other specialists you will depend on how lupus affects your body. For example, if lupus is damaging your heart or blood vessels, you would see a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your primary care provider should coordinate care between all of your other providers and treat other problems as they come up. You and your primary care provider will develop a treatment plan to fit your needs. You will both review the plan often to make sure that it is working. You should report new symptoms to your provider right away so that your treatment plan can be changed, if needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The goals of a treatment plan are to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevent flares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treat flares when they occur&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduce organ damage and other problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Improve your quality of life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments may include drugs to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduce fever, swelling, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduce inflammation in your body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevent or reduce flares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduce or prevent damage to joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Suppress (lower) the activity of your immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Besides taking medicines for lupus, you may need to take medicines for problems that are related to lupus such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;high cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, or infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Alternative and complementary therapies&lt;/a&gt; are therapies that are not part of standard treatments. Some people try alternative and complementary therapies to improve their lupus symptoms. But research has not clearly shown whether these treatments may help or treat lupus. Talk to your provider before trying any new treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I cope with lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is important to take an active role in your treatment. It helps to learn more about lupus - being able to spot the warning signs of a flare can help you prevent the flare or make the symptoms less severe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is also important to find ways to cope with the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt; of having lupus. Exercising and finding ways to relax may make it easier for you to cope. A good support system can also help.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html" id="2014" language="Spanish">Lupus</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008180">Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008179">Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lupus.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lupus.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lupus.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lupus.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>SLE</see-reference>
<see-reference>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus</see-reference>
<site title="ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antimitochondrial antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antinuclear antibody panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003535.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiphospholipid syndrome - APS" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000547.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antithyroglobulin antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003557.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-reactive protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Children and Teens with Lupus" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/caring-for-children-and-teens-with-lupus" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/el-cuidado-de-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes-con-lupus">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lupus+Erythematosus,+Discoid%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lupus+Erythematosus,+Systemic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collagen vascular disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003456.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complement Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complement-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-complemento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complement component 3 (C3)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003539.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complement component 4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003354.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cryoglobulins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing Lupus" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/diagnosing-lupus-guide" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/diagnostico-del-lupus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discoid Lupus Erythematosus" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/DiscoidLupusErythe?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discoid Lupus Erythematosus" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/discoid-lupus-erythematosus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Does Lupus Occur in Men?" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/does-lupus-occur-in-men" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/los-hombres-tambien-pueden-tener-lupus">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug-induced lupus erythematosus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Healthy When You Have Lupus" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/diet-and-nutrition-with-lupus" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/comer-sano-cuando-uno-tiene-lupus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="ESR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopeptide A blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="For Caregivers and Parents" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/for-caregivers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immune System &amp; Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/immune-system-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/el-sistema-inmunologico-y-la-enfermedad-reumatica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Lupus" url="https://www.lupus.org/living-with-lupus">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lupus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lupus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/lupus" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/lupus">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lupus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lupus.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus and Pregnancy" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/planning-a-pregnancy-when-you-have-lupus">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus and the Heart, Lungs, and Blood" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/how-lupus-affects-the-heart-and-circulation" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/como-afecta-el-lupus-al-corazon-y-la-circulacion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus Foundation of America" url="https://www.lupus.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus nephritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000481.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000481.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus Nephritis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/lupus-nephritis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lupus Nephritis" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/lupus-nephritis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus Therapies Continue to Evolve" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/lupus-therapies-continue-evolve" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-terapias-contra-el-lupus-siguen-evolucionando">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Your Mental Health with Lupus" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/lupus-and-depression-know-the-signs-and-how-to-get-help">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Newly Diagnosed with Lupus?" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/newly-diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/le-diagnosticaron-lupus-recientemente-empiece-aqui">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="People with Lupus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/data-research/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/spanish/features/lupus-asiaticos-hispanos.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personal Story: Selene Suarez" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/personal-story-selene-suarez" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-relato-personal-selene-suarez">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/pregnancy-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/embarazo-y-enfermedad-reumatica">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Systemic lupus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lupus+Erythematosus%2C+Discoid%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Lupus+Erythematosus%2C+Systemic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Scleritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001003.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Serum globulin electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003544.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/systemic-lupus-erythematosus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
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<site title="Systemic lupus erythematosus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000435.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus)" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/lupus" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lupus">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Systemic lupus erythematosus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-lupus-erythematosus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thunder God Vine" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/thunder-god-vine">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Lupus: A Guide" url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/treating-lupus-guide" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/treating-lupus-guide">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Lupus Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El lupus es una enfermedad autoinmune que hace que su sistema inmunitario ataque sus tejidos y células sanos. Esto puede causar daños a muchas partes de su cuerpo." title="Lupus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html" id="2014" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El lupus es un tipo de enfermedad autoinmune, crónica (de larga duración). Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt; ocurren cuando su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; ataca las células y tejidos sanos por error. Este ataque causa inflamación. También puede dañar muchas partes del cuerpo, incluyendo las articulaciones, piel, riñones, corazón, pulmones, vasos sanguíneos y el cerebro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay varios tipos de lupus:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lupus eritematoso sistémico&lt;/strong&gt;: Es el más común. Puede ser leve o grave, y puede afectar a muchas partes del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lupus cutáneo&lt;/strong&gt;: Afecta la piel. Causa sarpullido o llagas, generalmente después de que la piel se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;expone a la luz solar&lt;/a&gt;. Los dos tipos principales de lupus cutáneo son el lupus discoide y el lupus cutáneo subagudo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lupus inducido por medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Es causado por una reacción a ciertas medicinas. Los síntomas pueden empezar de tres a seis meses después de empezar el medicamento. En  general, los síntomas desaparecen cuando deja de tomar el medicamento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lupus neonatal&lt;/strong&gt;: No es común y afecta a los recién nacidos. Es probable que sea causado por ciertos anticuerpos que son pasados de la persona embarazada al bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa del lupus. Los investigadores están estudiando qué puede causar o desencadenar la afección, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genética&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Factores medioambientales, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;infecciones virales&lt;/a&gt;, luz solar, ciertas medicinas y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener lupus, pero las mujeres lo padecen con mucha más frecuencia que los hombres.
El lupus es más común en los afroamericanos que en los blancos. También es más común en personas de ascendencia india americana y asiática. Las mujeres afroamericanas e hispanas son más propensas a padecer formas graves de lupus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El lupus puede tener muchos síntomas que difieren de una persona a otra. Algunos de los más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;Artritis&lt;/a&gt;, que causa dolor e inflamación en las articulaciones y rigidez en la mañana&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt; o sensación de cansancio frecuente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Erupciones&lt;/a&gt; rojas en la piel, generalmente en la cara y en forma de mariposa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt; al respirar profundamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o hinchazón en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html"&gt;Pérdida de cabello&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dedos de las manos o pies pálidos o de color púrpura por frío o estrés (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html"&gt;fenómeno de Raynaud&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensibilidad al sol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón en las piernas o alrededor de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Úlceras en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación de glándulas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html"&gt;problemas de memoria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer, a esto se le llama "brotes". Los brotes pueden ser leves o severos, y nuevos síntomas pueden aparecer en cualquier momento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El lupus causa inflamación en todo el cuerpo. Esto puede provocar problemas en sus órganos, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño renal (nefritis lúpica)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;, incluida inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;válvulas cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; o revestimiento del músculo cardíaco (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html"&gt;pericarditis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html"&gt;vasculitis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación del tejido que rodea los pulmones (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;pleuresía&lt;/a&gt;). Esto puede hacer que sea doloroso respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con lupus pueden tener más probabilidades de desarrollar otras afecciones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;ateroesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para el lupus y, a menudo, se confunde con otras enfermedades que causan síntomas similares. Por ello, es posible que tome algún tiempo obtener un diagnóstico. Para saber si tiene lupus, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre sus síntomas, historia clínica y antecedentes familiares de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico completo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar exámenes de sangre, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/"&gt;pruebas de anticuerpos antinucleares&lt;/a&gt;, anticuerpos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;conteo sanguíneo completo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-complemento/"&gt;análisis del complemento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar otras pruebas, como análisis de orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsias&lt;/a&gt;:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Biopsia de piel (examinar muestras de piel bajo el microscopio)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Biopsia de riñón (examinar tejidos renales bajo el microscopio)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para el lupus, pero medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a controlarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, las personas con lupus tienen que ver varios profesionales de la salud. En principio, lo más probable es que usted tendrá un proveedor de atención primaria y un reumatólogo (un médico que se especializa en las enfermedades de las articulaciones y los músculos). Dependiendo de cómo el lupus afecte a su cuerpo, quizás deba ir a otros especialistas. Por ejemplo, si el lupus está dañando su corazón o vasos sanguíneos, usted podría ver un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades cardiacas).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de atención primaria debe coordinar la atención entre los diferentes proveedores de salud y tratar todos sus otros problemas a medida que aparezcan. Usted y su profesional de la salud desarrollarán un plan de tratamiento para atender sus necesidades. Ambos deben revisar el plan para asegurarse que está funcionando. Debe informar a su proveedor si aparecen nuevos síntomas para cambiar el tratamiento si es necesario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los objetivos de un plan de tratamiento son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar los brotes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar los síntomas cuando se produzcan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir el daño a los órganos y otros problemas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mejorar la calidad de vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir la fiebre, la inflamación y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir la inflamación en su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar o reducir los brotes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir o prevenir el daño a las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Suprimir (bajar) la actividad de su sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de tomar medicamentos para el lupus, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos para problemas relacionados con el lupus, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;colesterol alto&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; o infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;terapias alternativas y complementarias&lt;/a&gt; son terapias que no forman parte de los tratamientos estándar. Algunas personas prueban terapias alternativas y complementarias para mejorar los síntomas del lupus. Pero las investigaciones no han demostrado claramente si estos tratamientos pueden ayudar o tratar el lupus. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de probar cualquier tratamiento nuevo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo lidiar con el lupus?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante cumplir un papel activo en su tratamiento. Puede ayudarle el aprender más sobre el lupus. Detectar las señales de alerta de un brote puede ayudarle a prevenirlo o hacer que los síntomas sean menos severos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También es importante encontrar maneras de lidiar con el estrés que causa tener lupus. El ejercicio y otras formas de relajación pueden hacer más fácil sobrellevar la afección. Un buen sistema de apoyo también puede ayudarle.&lt;/p&gt;






&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Terapias contra el lupus siguen evolucionando" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-terapias-contra-el-lupus-siguen-evolucionando" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/lupus-therapies-continue-evolve">
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<site title="Tratamiento de lupus: Una guía" url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/treating-lupus-guide" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/treating-lupus-guide">
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<site title="Vasculitis necrosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm">
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<organization>Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Le diagnosticaron lupus recientemente?" url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/le-diagnosticaron-lupus-recientemente-empiece-aqui" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/newly-diagnosed">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es lupus?" url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/que-es-el-lupus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lyme disease is an infection you get from tick bites. The first symptom is usually a rash. Learn about Lyme disease symptoms and treatment." title="Lyme Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html" id="84" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Lyme disease?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Lyme disease is a bacterial infection you get from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html"&gt;the bite of an infected tick&lt;/a&gt;. At first, Lyme disease usually causes symptoms such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headache&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;.  But if it is not treated early, the infection can spread to your joints, heart, and nervous system. Prompt treatment can help you recover quickly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Lyme disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lyme disease is caused by bacteria. In the United States, this is usually a bacterium called &lt;em&gt;Borrelia burgdorferi&lt;/em&gt;. It spreads to humans through the bite of an infected tick. The ticks that spread it are blacklegged ticks (or deer ticks). They are usually found in the:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Northeast&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mid-Atlantic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Upper Midwest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pacific coast, especially northern California&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These ticks can attach to any part of your body. But they are often found in hard-to-see areas such as your groin, armpits, and scalp. Usually, the tick must be attached to you for more than 24 hours to spread the bacterium to you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get Lyme disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most tick bites happen in the warmer months (April-September), when ticks are most active and people spend more time outdoors. But you can also get bitten during the rest of the year, especially if the temperatures are warmer than usual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most tick bites happen in the summer months when ticks are most active and people spend more time outdoors. But you can get bitten in the warmer months of early fall, or even late winter if temperatures are unusually high. And if there is a mild winter, ticks may come out earlier than usual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Lyme disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Early symptoms of Lyme disease start between 3 to 30 days after an infected tick bites you. The symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A red rash called erythema migrans (EM). Most people with Lyme disease get this rash. It gets bigger over several days and may feel warm. It is usually not painful or itchy. As it starts to get better, parts of it may fade. Sometimes this makes the rash look like a "bull's-eye."&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle and joint aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes ("swollen glands")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the infection is not treated, it can spread to your joints, heart, and nervous system. The symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe headaches and neck stiffness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More EM rashes on other areas of your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Facial palsy, which is a weakness in your facial muscles. It can cause drooping on one or both sides of your face.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;Arthritis&lt;/a&gt; with severe joint pain and swelling, especially in your knees and other large joints.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain that comes and goes in your tendons, muscles, joints, and bones.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart palpitations, which are feelings that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, pounding, or beating too hard or too fast.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;irregular heart beat&lt;/a&gt; (Lyme carditis).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Episodes of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt; or shortness of breath.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nerve pain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shooting pains, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Lyme disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will consider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How likely it is that you were exposed to infected blacklegged ticks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How likely it is that you could have other illnesses that cause similar symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The results of any lab tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lyme-disease-tests/"&gt;Lyme disease tests&lt;/a&gt; check for antibodies made by the body in response to infection. These antibodies can take several weeks to develop. If you are tested right away, it may not show that you have Lyme disease, even if you have it. So you may need to have another test later.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Lyme disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lyme disease is treated with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. The earlier you are treated, the better; it gives you the best chance of fully recovering quickly.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;After treatment, some patients may still have pain, fatigue, or difficulty thinking that lasts more than 6 months. This is called post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Researchers don't know why some people have PTLDS. There is no proven treatment for PTLDS; long-term antibiotics have not been shown to help. However, there are ways to help with the symptoms of PTLDS. If you have been treated for Lyme disease and still feel unwell, contact your health care provider about how to manage your symptoms. Most people do get better with time. But it can take several months before you feel better.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can Lyme disease be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To prevent Lyme disease, you should lower your risk of getting a tick bite:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid areas where ticks live, such as grassy, brushy, or wooded areas. If you are hiking, walk in the center of the trail to avoid brush and grass.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent when you go outdoors. They are evaluated to make sure they are safe and effective. Make sure that the repellant has one of these ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol. It is important to follow the instructions on the label.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treat your clothing and gear with a repellant containing 0.5% permethrin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear light-colored protective clothing, so you can easily see any ticks that get on you&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear a long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Also tuck your shirt into your pants and your pant legs into your socks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check yourself, your children, and your pets daily for ticks. Carefully remove any ticks you find.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take a shower and wash and dry your clothes at high temperatures after being outdoors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html" id="2015" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Lyme</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008193">Lyme Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lymedisease.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lymedisease.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lymedisease.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/lymedisease.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html" id="1645">Tick Bites</related-topic>
<see-reference>Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="About Lyme Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lyme Disease Foundation" url="https://aldf.com/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lyme Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Lyme Disease" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/chronic-lyme-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Symptoms and Lyme Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs-symptoms/chronic-symptoms-and-lyme-disease.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lyme Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lyme+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Post-Lyme Disease Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Post-Lyme+Disease+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Lyme Disease Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/causes/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/lyme-disease?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lyme-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lyme-disease.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/teen/lyme-disease?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/lyme-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lyme disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001319.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/lyme-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-lyme-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lyme-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lyme-disease.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lyme.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lyme.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme disease - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000252.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme disease blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003554.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease Surveillance and Data" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lyme-disease-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-enfermedad-de-lyme/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lyme disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lyme-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurological Complications of Lyme Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lyme-disease-neurological-complications">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="On the Front Lines Against Lyme Disease" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/on-the-front-lines-against-lyme-disease" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/en-la-primera-linea-contra-la-enfermedad-de-lyme">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Tick Bites" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-picaduras-de-garrapatas.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lyme Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lyme+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Untreated Lyme Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/es/signs_symptoms/index.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick Removal: A Step-by-Step Guide (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-removal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tick-removal.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ticks and Lyme Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ticks-and-lyme-disease-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-garrapatas-y-la-enfermedad-de-lyme-sintomas-tratamiento-y-prevencion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Mosquitoes, Ticks, and Other Arthropods" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/mosquitoes-ticks-and-other-arthropods">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lymphatic diseases can affect your lymph, lymph vessels, or lymph nodes. Lymphatic system problems include lymphedema and swollen glands. Learn more." title="Lymphatic Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="591" language="English" date-created="12/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs. It is made up of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lymph - a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lymph vessels - vessels that carry lymph throughout your body.  They are different from blood vessels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lymph nodes - glands found throughout the lymph vessels. Along with your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html"&gt;spleen&lt;/a&gt;, these nodes are where white blood cells fight infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your bone marrow and thymus produce the cells in lymph. They are part of the system, too.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. If it's not working properly, fluid builds in your tissues and causes swelling, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html"&gt;lymphedema&lt;/a&gt;. Other lymphatic system problems can include infections, blockage, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="2016" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del sistema linfático</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008206">Lymphatic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html" id="4610">Lymphedema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html" id="117">Lymphoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html" id="414">Spleen Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lymph Nodes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Swollen Glands</see-reference>
<site title="About Lymphatic Filariasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/filarial-worms/about/lymphatic-filariasis.html?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Armpit lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003099.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-lymphoproliferative-syndrome-alps">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autoimmune-lymphoproliferative-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and lymph nodes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000824.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Castleman Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/castleman-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20543017?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/castleman-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20543017?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chylous Ascites (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chylous-ascites.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chylous-ascites.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lymph Nodes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lymph+Nodes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lymphatic Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lymphatic+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystic hygroma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000148.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000148.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Multicentric Castleman Disease" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/multicentric-castleman-disease">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Groin lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003100.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy-plus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to the Lymphatic System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymph node biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003933.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymph Nodes" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/components/nodes.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymph nodes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000083.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymph system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002247.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphadenitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001301.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphangiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003798.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphangitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007296.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphatic Malformations (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lymphatic-malformations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lymphatic-malformations.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphatic System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphofollicular hyperplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001377.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphoscintigraphy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesenteric Lymphadenitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mesenteric-lymphadenitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353799?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mesenteric-lymphadenitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353799?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milroy disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/milroy-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neck dissection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007573.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003098.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Lymphatic System" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/lymphatic-disorders/overview-of-the-lymphatic-system" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/trastornos-del-sistema-linf%C3%A1tico/introducci%C3%B3n-al-sistema-linf%C3%A1tico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphatic Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphatic+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/estadificacion/hoja-informativa-ganglio-centinela">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spleen and Lymphatic System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/spleen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/spleen.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swollen lymph nodes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003097.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swollen Lymph Nodes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swollen-lymph-nodes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353902?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/swollen-lymph-nodes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353902?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="T-cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is LAM (Lymphangioleiomyomatosis)?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/lam">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lymphedema is the name of a type of swelling that happens when lymph builds up in your body's soft tissue. Discover causes and treatment options." title="Lymphedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html" id="4610" language="English" date-created="05/06/2008">
<also-called>Lymphatic obstruction</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Lymphedema is the name of a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;swelling&lt;/a&gt;. It happens when lymph builds up in your body's soft tissues.  Lymph is a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs. It can build up when the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;lymph system&lt;/a&gt; is damaged or blocked. It usually happens in the arms or legs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of lymphedema include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Scar tissue from radiation therapy or surgical removal of lymph nodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inherited conditions in which lymph nodes or vessels are absent or abnormal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment can help control symptoms.  It includes exercise, compression devices, skin care, and massage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphedema.html" id="4611" language="Spanish">Linfedema</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008209">Lymphedema</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphedema.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html" id="1229">Edema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="591">Lymphatic Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lymphatic Obstruction</see-reference>
<site title="About Lymphatic Filariasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/filarial-worms/about/lymphatic-filariasis.html?">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lymphedema" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lymphedema%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compression stockings" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Understanding Lymphedema" url="https://www.lbbc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Guide-to-Understanding-Lymphedema_Web_2019.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Living Beyond Breast Cancer</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hennekam syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hennekam-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Lymphedema Treated?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema#how-is-lymphedema-treated" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/linfedema#como-se-trata-el-linfedema">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kathy Bates is Figuring Out How to Live with Lymphedema" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/kathy-bates-is-figuring-out-how-to-live-with-lymphedema" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/kathy-bates-como-vivir-con-linfedema">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymphatic Education &amp; Research Network" url="https://lymphaticnetwork.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Lymphatic Education &amp; Research Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphatic obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001117.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/lymphedema" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/linfedema">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema" url="https://lymphaticnetwork.org/living-with-lymphedema/lymphedema/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Lymphatic Education &amp; Research Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/swelling/lymphedema.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/hinchazon/linfedema.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000045.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lymphedema-distichiasis-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema: Living with Swelling and Stiffness" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/lymphedema-living-with-swelling-and-stiffness" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/linfedema-vivir-con-hinchazon-y-rigidez">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymphoscintigraphy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meige disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meige-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Lymphedema Network" url="https://lymphnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Lymphedema Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphedema" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphedema%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Lymphoma is a cancer affecting the immune system. Hodgkins Lymphoma and Non Hodgkins Lymphoma are types of lymphoma. Learn about symptoms and treatments." title="Lymphoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html" id="117" language="English" date-created="02/26/1999">
<also-called>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Lymphoma is a cancer of a part of the immune system called the lymph system.  There are many types of lymphoma.  One type is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hodgkinlymphoma.html"&gt;Hodgkin disease&lt;/a&gt;.  The rest are called non-Hodgkin lymphomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Non-Hodgkin lymphomas begin when a type of white blood cell, called a T cell or B cell, becomes abnormal. The cell divides again and again, making more and more abnormal cells. These abnormal cells can spread to almost any other part of the body. Most of the time, doctors don't know why a person gets non-Hodgkin lymphoma. You are at increased risk if you have a weakened immune system or have certain types of infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can cause many symptoms, such as :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Swollen, painless lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Unexplained weight loss &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fever &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Soaking night sweats &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Coughing, trouble breathing or chest pain &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Weakness and tiredness that don't go away &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pain, swelling or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will diagnose lymphoma with a physical exam, blood tests, a chest x-ray, and a biopsy.  Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, or therapy to remove proteins from the blood. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. If you don't have symptoms, you may not need treatment right away. This is called watchful waiting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html" id="2017" language="Spanish">Linfoma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008223">Lymphoma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hodgkinlymphoma.html" id="1262">Hodgkin Lymphoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia</see-reference>
<site title="24-hour urine protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003622.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/8p11-myeloproliferative-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ACE blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma" url="https://lymphoma.org/understanding-lymphoma/aboutlymphoma/nhl/atll/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Lymphoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Lymphoma Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma" url="https://lymphoma.org/understanding-lymphoma/aboutlymphoma/nhl/anaplastic-large-cell-lymphoma/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Lymphoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="B and T cell screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003518.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2M) Tumor Marker Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/beta-2-microglobulin-b2m-tumor-marker-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-de-microglobulina-beta-2-b2m/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Count Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/what-is-non-hodgkin-lymphoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/linfoma-no-hodgkin/acerca/que-es-linfoma-no-hodgkin.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Waldenstrom Macroglobulinema?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia/about/what-is-wm.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/linfoma-no-hodgkin/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las lágrimas mantienen sus ojos limpios y húmedos. Lea acerca de las lágrimas y los problemas que pueden suceder con el conducto lagrimal de sus ojos." title="Lágrimas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html" id="5411" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<also-called>Trastornos del conducto nasolagrimal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted quizás piense que las lágrimas son esas gotas saladas que salen de sus ojos cuando llora. En realidad, las lágrimas limpian sus ojos cada vez que usted parpadea. Las lágrimas también ayudan a mantener sus ojos húmedos, lo cual es importante para su vista. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las lágrimas son producidas por las glándulas lagrimales y el conducto lagrimal lleva estas lágrimas a los ojos. Los problemas con el sistema nasolagrimal incluyen la producción de demasiadas o de pocas lágrimas o problemas con los conductos lagrimales. El tratamiento depende de la causa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tears.html" id="5410" language="English">Tears</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="2148">Síndrome de Sjögren</related-topic>
<see-reference>Conducto lagrimal, Trastornos del</see-reference>
<site title="Canaliculitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/canaliculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/canaliculitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para abrir un conducto lagrimal obstruido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tear-duct-obstruct-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tear-duct-obstruct-surgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dacrioadenitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001625.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dacriocistitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/dacriocistitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/dacryocystitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lagrimal bloqueado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/blocked-tear-duct/symptoms-causes/syc-20351369?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/blocked-tear-duct/symptoms-causes/syc-20351369?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción del conducto lagrimal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001016.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos llorosos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003036.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perspectiva de un médico: La vida con ojo seco" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-perspectiva-de-un-medico-la-vida-con-ojo-seco" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-doctors-perspective-living-with-dry-eye">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los ojos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Schirmer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003501.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ojo seco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000426.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ojo seco" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/sindrome-del-ojo-seco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de las glándulas lagrimales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001611.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el ojo seco?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ojo-seco" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-dry-eye">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), causes vision loss in older adults. Learn about the types and what can help." title="Macular Degeneration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html" id="313" language="English" date-created="03/05/1999">
<also-called>AMD</also-called>
<also-called>Age-related macular degeneration</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and older. It is a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision. You need central vision to see objects clearly and to do tasks such as reading and driving. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;AMD affects the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail. It does not hurt, but it causes cells in the macula to die. There are two types: wet and dry. Wet AMD happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula. These new blood vessels often leak blood and fluid. Wet AMD damages the macula quickly. Blurred vision is a common early symptom. Dry AMD happens when the light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down. Your gradually lose your central vision. A common early symptom is that straight lines appear crooked.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Regular comprehensive eye exams can detect macular degeneration before the disease causes vision loss. Treatment can slow vision loss. It does not restore vision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html" id="2018" language="Spanish">Degeneración macular</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008268">Macular Degeneration</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165">Vision Impairment and Blindness</related-topic>
<see-reference>AMD</see-reference>
<see-reference>Age-Related Macular Degeneration</see-reference>
<site title="Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS/AREDS2)" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/research/clinical-trials/age-related-eye-disease-studies-aredsareds2">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Age-Related Macular Degeneration" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/degeneracion-macular-relacionada-con-la-edad">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Age-related macular degeneration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001000.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Age-related macular degeneration: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/age-related-macular-degeneration">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Foundation for the Blind" url="https://www.afb.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing Wisely When It Comes to Eye Care: Antibiotics for Eye Injections" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/choosing-wisely-when-it-comes-to-eye-care-part-4">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Macular Degeneration" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Macular+Degeneration%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Nutrition" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/diet-nutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/dieta-nutricion">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dry Macular Degeneration" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20350375?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dry-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20350375?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluorescein angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003846.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home vision tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intravitreal injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007629.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macular degeneration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000085.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Study Provides Clarity on Supplements for Protection Against Blinding Eye Disease" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-provides-clarity-supplements-protection-against-blinding-eye-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ophthalmoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention of Age-Related Macular Degeneration" url="https://www.brightfocus.org/macular/article/prevention-age-related-macular" language-mapped-url="https://www.brightfocus.org/espanol/macular/factores-de-riesgo-y-prevencion">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>BrightFocus Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macular Degeneration" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Macular+Degeneration%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Slit-lamp exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Standard eye exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stargardt macular degeneration: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stargardt-macular-degeneration">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wet Macular Degeneration" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wet-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20351107?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wet-macular-degeneration/symptoms-causes/syc-20351107?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Macular Degeneration?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/amd-macular-degeneration" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/dmre-degeneracion-macular-relacionada-edad">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay muchas razones por las cuales usted puede tener mal aliento (halitosis), incluyendo la mala higiene dental. Conozca sus causas y cómo prevenirlo." title="Mal aliento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html" id="6034" language="Spanish" date-created="08/20/2012">
<also-called>Aliento fuerte</also-called>
<also-called>Halitosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Hay muchas razones por las cuales usted puede tener mal aliento. Puede ser porque no se cepilla o no usa el hilo dental frecuentemente.  La bacteria que se acumula en su boca y entre los dientes produce mal olor. Otras causas pueden ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html"&gt;enfermedades de las encías&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;boca seca&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html"&gt;caries&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html"&gt;sinusitis&lt;/a&gt; u otros problemas con su nariz.  Algunos alimentos también pueden causar mal aliento (o halitosis) como cebollas crudas, ajo o repollo. Por supuesto, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt; produce su propio mal olor. Así mismo, algunos medicamentos y enfermedades pueden causar un mal aliento característico.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html"&gt;buenos hábitos dentales&lt;/a&gt;, como el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental, ayuda a combatir el mal aliento. Los enjuagues bucales, caramelos de menta o goma de mascar pueden refrescar su aliento. Si usted tiene una enfermedad que causa halitosis, tratarla puede mejorar su aliento. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html" id="6033" language="English">Bad Breath</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Halitosis</see-reference>
<site title="Aliento fuerte" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003058.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado dental en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001957.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad que huele: El olor corporal puede ser señal de una enfermedad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/enfermedad-que-huele" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/09/smelling-sickness">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (de términos dentales)" url="https://www.mouthhealthy.org/es-MX/glossary">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halitosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/halitosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/halitosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal aliento" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/bad_breath_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mal aliento (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bad-breath.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bad-breath.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud dental del niño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis aguda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es lo que provoca el mal aliento? (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/halitosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/halitosis.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you have a malabsorption syndrome, your small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from foods. Learn more about different syndromes and symptoms." title="Malabsorption Syndromes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5459" language="English" date-created="05/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your small intestine does most of the digesting of the foods you eat. If you have a malabsorption syndrome, your small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from foods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of malabsorption syndromes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html"&gt;Celiac disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;Lactose intolerance&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Short bowel syndrome. This happens after surgery to remove half or more of the small intestine. You might need the surgery if you have a problem with the small intestine from a disease, injury, or birth defect.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whipple disease, a rare bacterial infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetic diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of different malabsorption syndromes can vary.  They often include chronic diarrhea, abnormal stools, weight loss, and gas. Your doctor may use lab, imaging, or other tests to make a diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment of malabsorption syndromes depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5460" language="Spanish">Síndromes de malabsorción</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008286">Malabsorption Syndromes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897">Celiac Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html" id="898">Lactose Intolerance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5446">Small Intestine Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Abetalipoproteinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/abetalipoproteinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alagille Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/alagille-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001666.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Malabsorption Syndromes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Malabsorption+Syndromes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="D-xylose absorption" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Failure to thrive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Failure to Thrive (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose-galactose malabsorption: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glucose-galactose-malabsorption">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary folate malabsorption: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-folate-malabsorption">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Failure (Short Bowel Syndrome)" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Short%20Bowel%20Syndrome%20-%20English.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Short%20Bowel%20Syndrome%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Lymphangiectasia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/malabsorption/intestinal-lymphangiectasia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/malabsorci%C3%B3n/linfangiectasia-intestinal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactose intolerance: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lactose-intolerance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malabsorption" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000299.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000299.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malabsorption" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/malabsorption.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Malabsorption" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/malabsorption/overview-of-malabsorption" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/malabsorci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-malabsorci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malabsorption Syndromes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Malabsorption+Syndromes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Short bowel syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000237.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Short Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/short-bowel-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Short Bowel Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel bacterial overgrowth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000222.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Elastase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stool-elastase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastasa-fecal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stools - floating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003128.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tropical sprue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000275.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whipple disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000209.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whipple's Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/whipples-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Xylose Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La malaria es una enfermedad causada por un parásito transmitido por los mosquitos. Es una de las principales causas de muerte en el mundo. Infórmese." title="Malaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html" id="2019" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Paludismo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La malaria es una enfermedad grave causada por un parásito. Puede adquirirla cuando un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito&lt;/a&gt; infectado lo pica. La malaria es una importante causa de muerte en todo el mundo, pero está prácticamente erradicada en los Estados Unidos. La enfermedad es principalmente un problema en los países en vías de desarrollo con climas cálidos. Si usted &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html"&gt;viaja&lt;/a&gt; a esos países, está en riesgo de contagiarse. Existen cuatro tipos distintos de malaria causada por cuatro parásitos relacionados. El tipo más mortal se presenta en el África, al sur del desierto del Sahara. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la malaria incluyen escalofríos, síntomas parecidos a los de la gripe, fiebre, vómitos, diarrea e ictericia. Se diagnostica mediante una prueba de sangre. La enfermedad puede poner en peligro la vida. Sin embargo, es posible tratar la enfermedad con medicinas. El tipo de medicamento depende del tipo de malaria que tenga y del lugar donde se infectó.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La malaria puede prevenirse. Cuando viaje a áreas con casos de malaria:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Consulte a su médico acerca de los medicamentos que lo protegerán &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Utilice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;repelentes para insectos&lt;/a&gt; con DEET &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Cúbrase&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Duerma bajo un mosquitero para protegerse de las picaduras&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html" id="315" language="English">Malaria</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Paludismo</see-reference>
<site title="Malaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000621.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malaria" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/malaria-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/malaria/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malaria (Paludismo) es una enfermedad grave" url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/fsp/Malaria_Serious_Disease_Espanol.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malaria (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/malaria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/malaria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la picaduras de mosquitos cuando viaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de malaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-malaria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/malaria-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. It is a major cause of death worldwide. Find out about prevention and treatment." title="Malaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html" id="315" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite. You get it when an infected &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito&lt;/a&gt; bites you. Malaria is a major cause of death worldwide, but it is almost wiped out in the United States. The disease is mostly a problem in developing countries with warm climates. If you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html"&gt;travel&lt;/a&gt; to these countries, you are at risk. There are four different types of malaria caused by four related parasites. The most deadly type occurs in Africa south of the Sahara Desert.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Malaria symptoms include chills, flu-like symptoms, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice. A blood test can diagnose it. It can be life-threatening. However, you can treat malaria with drugs. The type of drug depends on which kind of malaria you have and where you were infected.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Malaria can be prevented. When traveling to areas where malaria is found:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See your doctor for medicines that protect you &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear insect repellent with DEET &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cover up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleep under mosquito netting &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html" id="2019" language="Spanish">Malaria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008288">Malaria</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545">Mosquito Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<site title="About Malaria" url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/%5bes-es%5dfaqs.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alternatives for Pregnant Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/pregnant-women.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Drug to Prevent Malaria" url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/drug-malaria/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Malaria" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Malaria%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000621.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malaria" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/malaria/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/malaria-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malaria" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/malaria">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malaria (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/malaria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/malaria.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malaria Risk Assessment for Travelers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/risk-assessment/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malaria Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/malaria-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-malaria/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mefloquine (Lariam)" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/mefloquine-lariam.asp">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malaria" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Malaria%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Malaria" url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know that men can get breast cancer? Although breast cancer is much more common in women, men can get it too. Learn more." title="Male Breast Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/malebreastcancer.html" id="3577" language="English" date-created="08/18/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Although breast cancer is much more common in women, men can get it too. It happens most often to men between the ages of 60 and 70.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Breast lumps usually aren't cancer. However, most men with breast cancer have lumps. Other breast symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dimpled or puckered skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A red, scaly nipple or skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fluid discharge&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Risk factors for male breast cancer include exposure to radiation, a family history of breast cancer, and having high estrogen levels, which can happen with diseases like cirrhosis or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/klinefeltersyndrome.html"&gt;Klinefelter syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for male breast cancer is usually a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomy&lt;/a&gt;, which is surgery to remove the breast. Other treatments include radiation, chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malebreastcancer.html" id="3578" language="Spanish">Cáncer de seno en el hombre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018567">Breast Neoplasms, Male</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malebreastcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Breast Cancer, Male</see-reference>
<site title="Advances in Breast Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer in Men" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast cancer in men" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007653.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer in Men" url="https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/facts-statistics/male-breast-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-320-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/breast-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Breast Cancer in Men Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Breast Neoplasms, Male" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Breast+Neoplasms,+Male%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Male Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq#_69" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-masculino-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HER2 Tumor Marker Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/her2-tumor-marker-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-her2/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Male Breast Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Men With Breast Cancer Need More Treatment Options and Access to Genetic Counseling" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/men-breast-cancer-need-more-treatment-options-and-access-genetic-counseling" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-hombres-con-cancer-de-seno-necesitan-mas-opciones-de-tratamiento-y-acceso-la-asesoria-genetica">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Male Breast Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Breast+Neoplasms%2C+Male%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Male Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq#_92" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-masculino-pdq#_92">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Breast Cancer in Men" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Male Breast Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq#_98" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-masculino-pdq#_98">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infertility is when a woman can't get pregnant after a year or keeps having miscarriages. Read about the causes of male infertility and treatments." title="Male Infertility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html" id="5656" language="English" date-created="10/06/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasn't been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. Causes of male infertility include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical problems with the testicles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blockages in the ducts that carry sperm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormone problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A history of high fevers or mumps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetic disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lifestyle or environmental factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About a third of the time, infertility is because of a problem with the man. One third of the time, it is a problem with the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;woman&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes no cause can be found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you suspect you are infertile, see your doctor. There are tests that may tell if you have fertility problems. When it is possible to find the cause, treatments may include medicines, surgery, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;assisted reproductive technology&lt;/a&gt;. Happily, many couples treated for infertility are able to have babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html" id="5657" language="Spanish">Infertilidad en el hombre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007248">Infertility, Male</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6242">Assisted Reproductive Technology</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html" id="5654">Female Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html" id="250">Infertility</related-topic>
<see-reference>Infertility, Male</see-reference>
<see-reference>Low Sperm Count</see-reference>
<site title="48,XXYY syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/48xxyy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Klinefelter Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assisted Reproductive Technology: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infertility, Male" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infertility,+Male%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Oligospermia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Oligospermia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-bilateral-absence-of-the-vas-deferens">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry Orgasm" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/dry-orgasm/basics/definition/SYM-20050906?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/dry-orgasm/basics/definition/sym-20050906?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Issues in Boys and Men with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-men" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-hombres">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finasteride (Propecia/Proscar) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/finasteride/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/finasteride/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foods that Can Affect Fertility" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/pregnancy/fertility-and-reproduction/fertility-foods">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Globozoospermia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/globozoospermia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Sperm: Improving Your Fertility" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="High Plasticizer Levels In Males Linked to Delayed Pregnancy for Female Partners" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-plasticizer-levels-males-linked-delayed-pregnancy-female-partners">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Common is Male Infertility, and What Are Its Causes?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/infertility" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypogonadism in Men" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypogonadism" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/bajo-nivel-de-testosterona">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intracytoplasmic sperm injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-20384722?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Sperm Count" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/symptoms-causes/syc-20374585?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macrozoospermia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/macrozoospermia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Male Infertility" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001169.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male infertility" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infertility%2C+Male%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retrograde ejaculation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001282.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Semen Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/semen-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-semen/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Semen analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003627.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sensorineural deafness and male infertility: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/deafness-infertility-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sperm Morphology (Shape): Does It Affect Fertility?" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/sperm-morphology-shape-does-it-affect-fertility/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/morfologia_de_los_espermatozoides-afecta_la_fertilidad-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sperm release pathway" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testicular biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003908.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003908.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)?" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/what-is-intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-icsi/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/que_es_una_inyeccion_intracitoplasmatica_de_espermatozoides-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Treatment Options Are Available for Male Infertility?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/tratar">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-adrenal-hypoplasia-congenita">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las malformaciones arteriovenosas son defectos en las arterias, venas y capilares. Esta condición no es común pero puede afectar el cerebro y columna." title="Malformaciones arteriovenosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arteriovenousmalformations.html" id="4554" language="Spanish" date-created="11/30/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las malformaciones arteriovenosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las malformaciones arteriovenosas son defectos en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;sistema vascular&lt;/a&gt;. Su sistema vascular es la red de vasos sanguíneos de su cuerpo. Incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arterias:&lt;/strong&gt; Transportan sangre rica en oxígeno desde el corazón a los tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Venas:&lt;/strong&gt; Transportan la sangre y los productos de desecho de regreso al corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Capilares:&lt;/strong&gt; Pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan las arterias pequeñas con las venas pequeñas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una malformación arteriovenosa es una maraña anormal de arterias y venas. Está conectada entre sí, sin capilares entre ellas. Sin los capilares, el flujo sanguíneo de las arterias va directamente a las venas a un ritmo más rápido de lo normal. Por ello, el tejido cercano no recibe todo el oxígeno que normalmente debe llegarle. Esta falta de oxígeno puede causar daño del tejido y la muerte de las células nerviosas y otras células. La rápida velocidad del flujo sanguíneo también puede aumentar la presión arterial dentro de las arterias y venas, lo que puede debilitarlas. Una arteria o un vaso sanguíneo debilitado puede romperse o perder sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las malformaciones arteriovenosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las malformaciones arteriovenosas son raras. Se desconoce su causa. La mayoría de las veces, las personas nacen con ellas. Pero en ocasiones pueden aparecer poco después del nacimiento o más adelante en la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las malformaciones arteriovenosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de las malformaciones arteriovenosas dependen de dónde se encuentre. Puede ocurrir en cualquier parte del cuerpo, pero es más común en el cerebro o la médula espinal. La mayoría de las personas con malformaciones arteriovenosas en el cerebro o la médula espinal tiene pocos o ningún síntoma importante. Pero si un vaso sanguíneo debilitado se rompe, puede derramar sangre hacia el cerebro (lo que se conoce como hemorragia). Las hemorragias graves pueden causar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; y daño cerebral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si una malformación arteriovenosa está causando síntomas, estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor donde se encuentre la malformación arteriovenosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de la vista&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movimiento&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;habla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de consciencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las malformaciones arteriovenosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene una malformación arteriovenosa, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico: Esto puede incluir escuchar un soplo. Un soplo es un silbido causado por el rápido flujo sanguíneo a través de las arterias y venas de una malformación arteriovenosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imágenes&lt;/a&gt;, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt; o una angiografía cerebral. Para una angiografía cerebral, se inyecta un tinte especial que ayuda a que los vasos sanguíneos del cerebro se observen en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las malformaciones arteriovenosas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para las malformaciones arteriovenosas dependen de factores como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dónde está ubicada la malformación&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Su tamaño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su salud general&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su riesgo de sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vigilar&lt;/strong&gt; cualquier signo que pueda significar que tiene un mayor riesgo de hemorragia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar con los síntomas de las malformaciones arteriovenosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía:&lt;/strong&gt; Puede realizarse si usted tiene un riesgo de sangrado mayor de lo habitual. Existen algunos tipos diferentes de cirugía para las malformaciones arteriovenosas. En algunos casos, es posible que tenga más de un tipo. La cirugía puede ser riesgosa, especialmente si se realiza en el cerebro o la médula espinal. Por ello, usted y su profesional de la salud deben analizar los riesgos y beneficios de realizar la cirugía antes de tomar una decisión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;






&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arteriovenousmalformations.html" id="4553" language="English">Arteriovenous Malformations</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta tras radiocirugía estereotáctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003799.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando los vasos sanguíneos se deforman" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-los-vasos-sanguineos-se-deforman" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/when-blood-vessels-grow-awry">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embolización transcatéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cathembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/cathembol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula arteriovenosa" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fístula arteriovenosa pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001090.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001090.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones arteriovenosas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/malformaciones-arteriovenosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/arteriovenous-malformations-and-other-vascular-lesions-central-nervous-system-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones arteriovenosas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/arteriovenous-malformations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/arteriovenous-malformations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones cavernosas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cavernous-malformations/symptoms-causes/syc-20360941?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformación arteriovenosa cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000779.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformación arteriovenosa cerebral" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/brain-avm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350260?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-avm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350260?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000150.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klippel-Trénaunay" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12255/sindrome-de-klippel-trenaunay/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000837.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos vasculares endocraneales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/IntracranialVasc" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/IntracranialVasc">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las malformaciones de Chiari son defectos congénitos en la cual el tejido cerebral se extiende al canal espinal. Existen varios tipos. Entérese aquí." title="Malformaciones de Chiari" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html" id="6165" language="Spanish" date-created="10/22/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las malformaciones de Chiari son defectos en la estructura del cerebelo.  El cerebelo es la parte del cerebro encargado del equilibrio. En estas malformaciones, el tejido cerebral se extiende dentro del canal espinal. Esto puede suceder cuando el cráneo es más pequeño de lo normal causando que el tejido cerebral sea empujado hacia abajo.  Existen varios tipos de malformaciones de Chiari. Un tipo ocurre en niños con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;defectos del tubo neural&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos tipos no causan ningún síntoma y no necesitan tratamiento. Si se presentaran síntomas, estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de equilibrio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adormecimiento u otros síntomas no comunes en los brazos y piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mareo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de visión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultar para tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas en la coordinación de las manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los doctores la diagnostican con exámenes por imágenes. Algunos medicamentos pueden aliviar los síntomas y el dolor. La cirugía es el único tratamiento disponible para corregir o detener la progresión del daño a los nervios. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html" id="6164" language="English">Chiari Malformation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Arnold-Chiari, Malformaciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chiari, Malformación</see-reference>
<site title="Anomalía de Arnold Chiari" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chiari.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chiari.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones de Chiari" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/malformacion-de-chiari" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/chiari-malformation-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones de Chiari: Descripción, síntomas, causas, factores de riesgo, complicaciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chiari-malformation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354010?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones de Chiari: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chiari-malformation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354015?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ct-head.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las malformaciones cerebrales son daño o desarrollo anormal del cerebro y del sistema nervioso. Comienza mucho antes de que nazca el bebé. Más aquí." title="Malformaciones del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html" id="3023" language="Spanish" date-created="11/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las malformaciones cerebrales comienza mucho antes del nacimiento de un bebé. Algo daña el sistema nervioso en desarrollo o provoca un desarrollo anormal. A veces el problema es genético. En otras, la exposición a ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicinas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt; o radiación durante el embarazo interfiere con el desarrollo del cerebro. Partes del cerebro pueden estar ausentes, ser anormalmente grandes o pequeñas, o no desarrollarse en su totalidad. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del problema. En muchos casos, el tratamiento sólo ayuda con los síntomas. Puede incluir medicamentos anticonvulsivos, válvulas para drenar líquido del cerebro y terapia física.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen malformaciones de la cabeza que no involucran al cerebro. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html"&gt;anomalías craneofaciales&lt;/a&gt; son resultado del crecimiento anormal del tejido blando y los huesos de la cara y la cabeza. Es común que los bebés recién nacidos tengan la cabeza ligeramente torcida, pero los padres deben vigilar la forma de la cabeza del niño para detectar posibles problemas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022" language="English">Brain Malformations</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html" id="2050">Defectos del tubo neural</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html" id="1785">Enfermedades del cerebro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html" id="1965">Hidrocefalia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cerebro, Malformaciones</see-reference>
<site title="Agenesia del cuerpo calloso" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11869/agenesia-del-cuerpo-calloso/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Agenesia del cuerpo calloso" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/agenesia-del-cuerpo-calloso" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/agenesis-corpus-callosum">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisturí de rayos gamma: Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro y sistema nervioso (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/brain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/brain.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecer después del Zika" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/newsroom/digital-media/infographics/092116_zika_spanish">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incremento del perímetro cefálico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003305.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones arteriovenosas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/malformaciones-arteriovenosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/arteriovenous-malformations-and-other-vascular-lesions-central-nervous-system-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Microcefalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003272.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microcefalia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/microcefalia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/microcephaly.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción cráneofacial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100058_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100058_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suturas separadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003307.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003307.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Aicardi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001664.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Dandy-Walker" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-dandy-walker" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dandy-walker-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TC (tomografía computarizada) pediátrica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pedia-ct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pedia-ct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos encefálicos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/trastornos-encefalicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/cephalic-disorders-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de cráneo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ultrasound-cranial" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ultrasound-cranial">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People suffer from hunger if they don't get enough food. Over time this can cause malnutrition. Some diseases can also cause malnutrition. Read more." title="Malnutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html" id="5461" language="English" date-created="05/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Food provides the energy and nutrients you need to be healthy. If you don't get enough nutrients -- including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt; - you may suffer from malnutrition.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Causes of malnutrition include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of specific nutrients in your diet. Even the lack of one vitamin can lead to malnutrition.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An unbalanced diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medical problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html"&gt;malabsorption syndromes&lt;/a&gt; and cancers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, and weight loss.  Or, you may have no symptoms.  To diagnose the cause of the problem, your doctor may do blood tests and a nutritional assessment. Treatment may include replacing the missing nutrients and treating the underlying cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html" id="5462" language="Spanish">Desnutrición</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D044342">Malnutrition</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html" id="5610">Body Weight</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083">Child Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5459">Malabsorption Syndromes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298">Minerals</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="1616">Nutrition for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html" id="6448">Vitamin D Deficiency</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<site title="Albumin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/albumin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-albumina-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beriberi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000339.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chymotrypsin in Stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chymotrypsin-in-stool/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/quimotripsina-en-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Malnutrition" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Malnutrition%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Failure to Thrive (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kwashiorkor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001604.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malnutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000404.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition in Cancer Care" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/appetite-loss/nutrition-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/perdida-apetito/nutricion-pdq">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pellagra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000342.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001538.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prealbumin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prealbumin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-prealbumina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Malnutrition in Older Adults" url="https://familydoctor.org/preventing-malnutrition-in-older-adults/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-prevenir-la-desnutricion-en-adultos-de-edad-avanzada/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein electrophoresis - serum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malnutrition" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Malnutrition%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scurvy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000355.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Undernutrition" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/undernutrition/undernutrition" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/desnutrici%C3%B3n/desnutrici%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B12-Deficiency Anemia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-b12">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin Deficiency Anemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Malnutrition?" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/health-conditions/malnutrition-and-deficiencies/what-is-malnutrition">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El abuso infantil puede tomar muchas formas y tener efectos emocionales duraderos. Aprenda cómo identificar el maltrato al menor." title="Maltrato al menor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html" id="1808" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Abuso de menores</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso físico de menores</also-called>
<also-called>Maltrato infantil</also-called>
<also-called>Negligencia del niño</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Maltratar a un menor es hacer algo, o dejar de hacer algo, que resulte en un daño para un niño o lo ponga en riesgo de lastimarse. El maltrato al menor puede ser físico, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;sexual&lt;/a&gt; o emocional. La negligencia, o el no cubrir las necesidades de un niño, también es una forma de abuso. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los niños maltratados sufren más daños emocionales que físicos. Un niño maltratado puede deprimirse. Puede retraerse, pensar en suicidarse o tornarse violento. Los niños más grandes pueden consumir drogas o alcohol, intentar huir o abusar de otros. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El maltrato al menor es un problema serio. Si sospecha que algún niño sufre maltratos o negligencia, llame a la policía o a la agencia local para el bienestar infantil.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html" id="183" language="English">Child Abuse</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html" id="3782">Abuso sexual de menores</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso de menores</see-reference>
<see-reference>Abuso de niños</see-reference>
<see-reference>Abuso infantil</see-reference>
<see-reference>Bebé sacudido, Síndrome del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chicos, Abuso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infantil, Abuso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Abuso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome del bebé sacudido</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso infantil: Lo que todo padre y toda madre deben saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/Paginas/Child-Abuse-What-Every-Parent-Should-Know.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso y negligencia infantil" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/Paginas/What-to-Know-about-Child-Abuse.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/What-to-Know-about-Child-Abuse.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudando a sanarse a sí misma: Mujeres en recuperación del abuso infantil" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4133.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4132.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consulta con un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/therapist.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar el abuso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/handle-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/handle-abuse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//understanding_child_traumatic_stress_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.nctsnet.org/resources/audiences/parents-caregivers/what-is-cts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil y cómo ayudar" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/entendamos-el-estres-traumatico-infantil-y-como-ayudar" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/understanding-child-trauma">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir a terapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/going-to-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/going-to-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato físico infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001552.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato infantil" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/child-abuse.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato infantil: Los golpes ocultos" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Maltrato-Infantil-Los-Golpes-Ocultos-005.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Child-Abuse-The-Hidden-Bruises-005.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato psicológico y abandono infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007225.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato: Lo que debes saber" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/family-abuse.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato: ¿Qué puedo hacer si necesito ayuda ya mismo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/abuse-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/abuse-help.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Munchausen por poderes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001555.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del bebé sacudido" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-del-bebe-sacudido" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/shaken-baby-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del bebé sacudido: Proteja a su bebé del traumatismo craneal por abuso" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/abusive-head-trauma-shaken-baby-syndrome.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Abusive-Head-Trauma-Shaken-Baby-Syndrome.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del niño maltratado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007578.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo craneal por maltrato (síndrome del bebé sacudido)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shaken.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shaken.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A mammography exam (mammogram) is an x-ray of the breast and is used to detect breast diseases like cancer. Find out how it works and what to expect." title="Mammography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html" id="1263" language="English" date-created="03/10/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a mammogram?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breast. Health care providers use mammograms to look for early signs of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;breast cancer&lt;/a&gt;. There are two types of mammograms: screening mammograms and diagnostic mammograms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a screening mammogram?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A screening mammogram is a mammogram usually done for women who have no signs or symptoms of breast cancer. Regular screening mammograms can help reduce the number of deaths from breast cancer among women ages 40 to 74. This is because they can find breast cancer early and treatment can start earlier, maybe before it has spread.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But screening mammograms can also have risks. They can sometimes find something that looks abnormal but isn't cancer. This leads to further testing and can cause you anxiety. Sometimes mammograms can miss cancer when it is there. It also &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;exposes you to radiation&lt;/a&gt;. You should talk to your provider about the benefits and drawbacks of mammograms. Together, you can decide when to start and how often to have a mammogram.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not much is known about breast cancer risk in transgender people. If you are transgender, talk to your provider about your risk and whether you need screening mammograms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a diagnostic mammogram?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A diagnostic mammogram is done for people who have a lump or other signs or symptoms of breast cancer. The signs can include breast pain, thickening of the skin of the breast, nipple discharge, or a change in breast size or shape. But these signs can also be caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html"&gt;breast condition&lt;/a&gt; that is benign (not cancer). A mammogram, along with other tests, can help your provider figure out whether you have cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is a mammogram done?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you have a mammogram, you stand in front of an x-ray machine. The person who takes the x-rays places your breast between two plastic plates. The plates press your breast and make it flat. This may be uncomfortable, but it helps get a clear picture.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;You will get both breasts x-rayed from the front and from the side. Afterwards, a radiologist (a doctor with special training) will read the mammogram. The doctor will look at the x-ray for early signs of breast cancer or other problems. You will usually get the results within a few weeks, although it depends on the clinic or medical office that you went to. If your results are not normal, you should hear back earlier. Contact your provider or the office where you had the mammogram if you do not receive a report of your results within 30 days.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens if my mammogram is not normal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An abnormal (not normal) mammogram does not always mean that there is cancer. You will need to have additional mammograms, tests, or exams before your provider can tell for sure. You may also be referred to a breast specialist or a surgeon. But it does not necessarily mean you have cancer or need surgery. You would see one of these doctors because they are experts in diagnosing breast problems. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html" id="2021" language="Spanish">Mamografía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008327">Mammography</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mammography.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html" id="3">Breast Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html" id="474">Breast Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="About Mammograms" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/mammograms.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/es/about/mammograms.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Accuracy of Mammograms" url="https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/screening/mammography/accuracy/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer Screening: Thermogram No Substitute for Mammogram" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/breast-cancer-screening-thermogram-no-substitute-mammogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/deteccion-de-cancer-de-mama-el-termograma-no-sustituye-la-mamografia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast cancer screenings" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000837.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Tomosynthesis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tomosynthesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tomosynthesis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mammography" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=mammography&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dense Breasts" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dense-breasts" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dense-breasts">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dense Breasts: Answers to Commonly Asked Questions" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes/dense-breasts" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/significado-cambios-en-los-senos/senos-densos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Mammography" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/mammography.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Screening Program Near You" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cervical-cancer-screening/about/screenings.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Digital Mammography" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/mammography-information-patients/frequently-asked-questions-about-digital-mammography">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactography (Ductography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/galactogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/galactogram">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mammogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003380.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammogram - calcifications" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002113.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammograms" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/mammograms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/mammograms">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammograms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/mammograms-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-mamografias">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mammograms" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/118849/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/FreePublications/ucm126296.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mammograms for Women with Breast Implants" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/mammograms-for-women-with-breast-implants.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/mamogramas/mamogramas-para-mujeres-con-implantes-de-seno.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mammo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mammo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammography Facilities" url="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfMQSA/mqsa.cfm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammography: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mammography-what-you-need-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mamografia-lo-que-necesita-saber">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newer and Experimental Breast Imaging Tests" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/experimental-breast-imaging.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/estudios-experimentales-por-imagenes-para-los-senos.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammography" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mammography%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Does the Doctor Look for on a Mammogram?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/what-does-the-doctor-look-for-on-a-mammogram.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/mamogramas/que-busca-el-medico-en-un-mamograma.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women with Disabilities and Breast Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un examen de mamografía (mamograma) es una radiografía de la mama y se utiliza para detectar enfermedades como el cáncer. Qué esperar en su cita aquí." title="Mamografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html" id="2021" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Mamograma</also-called>
<also-called>Mastografía</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una mamografía?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una mamografía es una imagen de rayos X del seno. Los profesionales de la salud usan mamografías para buscar signos tempranos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de mama&lt;/a&gt;. Hay dos tipos de mamografías, de detección y de diagnóstico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una mamografía de detección?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, una mamografía de detección es una mamografía que se hace en mujeres que no presentan signos o síntomas de cáncer de mama. Las mamografías de detección periódicas pueden ayudar a reducir la cantidad de muertes por cáncer de mama en mujeres de entre 40 a 74 años. Esto se debe a que pueden detectar el cáncer de mama temprano y el tratamiento puede comenzar antes, quizás antes de que se haya propagado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, las mamografías de detección también pueden tener riesgos. En ocasiones, pueden encontrar algo que parece anormal pero que no es cáncer. Esto conduce a más pruebas y puede causar ansiedad. A veces, las mamografías pueden pasar por alto el cáncer cuando está presente. También le expone a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt;. Debe hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre los beneficios y los riesgos de las mamografías. Juntos, pueden decidir cuándo empezar y con qué frecuencia hacer una mamografía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se sabe mucho sobre el riesgo de cáncer de mama en personas transgénero. Si es transgénero, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo y si necesita mamografías de detección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una mamografía de diagnóstico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mamografía de diagnóstico es para personas que tienen un bulto u otros signo o síntoma de cáncer de seno. Los signos pueden incluir dolor en los senos, engrosamiento de la piel del seno, secreción del pezón o un cambio en el tamaño o la forma de los senos. Pero estos signos también pueden ser causados por una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html"&gt;afección de los senos&lt;/a&gt; que es benigna (no es cáncer). Una mamografía, junto con otras pruebas, puede ayudar a su profesional de la salud a determinar si tiene cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se hace una mamografía?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando se hace una mamografía, se para frente a una máquina de rayos X. La persona que toma las radiografías coloca su seno entre dos placas de plástico. Las placas presionan su seno y lo aplanan. Esto puede resultar molesto, pero ayuda a obtener una imagen clara.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le sacarán una radiografía de ambos senos desde el frente y desde el costado. Luego, un radiólogo (un médico especialista) analizará la mamografía. El médico observará la radiografía en busca de signos tempranos de cáncer de mama u otros problemas. Por lo general, obtendrá los resultados en unas pocas semanas, aunque depende de la clínica o consultorio médico al que asistió. Si sus resultados no son normales, debería recibir una respuesta antes. Comuníquese con su profesional de la salud o con el centro donde se hizo la mamografía si no recibe un informe de sus resultados dentro de los 30 días.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre si la mamografía no es normal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una mamografía anormal (no normal) no siempre significa que haya cáncer. Deberá realizarse mamografías, pruebas o exámenes adicionales antes de que su profesional de la salud pueda asegurarlo. También es posible que la refieran a un especialista en mamas o un cirujano. Pero no significa necesariamente que tenga cáncer o necesite cirugía. Ver a uno de estos médicos es necesario porque son expertos en el diagnóstico de problemas de las mamas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html" id="1263" language="English">Mammography</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html" id="1786">Cáncer de seno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html" id="1787">Enfermedades del seno</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer de mama</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mama, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mastografía</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia de mama estereotáctica (guiada en forma mamográfica)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastbixr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbixr">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcificaciones en mamografías" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002113.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos prácticos para hacerse un mamograma" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/mamogramas/mamogramas-que-debe-saber-antes-de-la-cita.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mejorar los resultados de las mujeres afroamericanas con cáncer de seno" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mejorar-los-resultados-de-las-mujeres-afroamericanas-con-cancer-de-seno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/improving-outcomes-for-african-american-women-with-breast-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactografía (ductografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/galactogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/galactogram">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mamas densas: Respuestas a las preguntas más frecuentes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/significado-cambios-en-los-senos/senos-densos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes/dense-breasts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mamografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003380.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mamografía: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mamografia-lo-que-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mammography-what-you-need-know">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mamografías" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-mamografias" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/mammograms-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mamogramas" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/mammograms" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/mammograms">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mamogramas para mujeres con implantes de seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/mamogramas/mamogramas-para-mujeres-con-implantes-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/mammograms-for-women-with-breast-implants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de cáncer de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000837.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del cáncer de mama y mujeres con discapacidades" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/breast-cancer-screening.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Senos densos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dense-breasts" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dense-breasts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobre de las mamografías" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/es/about/mammograms.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/mammograms.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Termograma no sustituye a la mamografía" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/deteccion-de-cancer-de-mama-el-termograma-no-sustituye-la-mamografia" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/breast-cancer-screening-thermogram-no-substitute-mammogram">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomosíntesis de seno" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/tomosynthesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/tomosynthesis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué busca el médico en un mamograma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/mamogramas/que-busca-el-medico-en-un-mamograma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/what-does-the-doctor-look-for-on-a-mammogram.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Managed care plans are a type of health insurance. Plans that restrict your choices usually cost less. Flexible plans may cost more. Learn more." title="Managed Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/managedcare.html" id="1114" language="English" date-created="02/03/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Managed care plans are a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html"&gt;health insurance&lt;/a&gt;. They have contracts with health care providers and medical facilities to provide care for members at reduced costs. These providers make up the plan's network. How much of your care the plan will pay for depends on the network's rules.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Plans that restrict your choices usually cost you less. If you want a flexible plan, it will probably cost more. There are three types of managed care plans:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) usually only pay for care within the network. You choose a primary care doctor who coordinates most of your care.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) usually pay more if you get care within the network. They still pay part of the cost if you go outside the network.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Point of Service (POS) plans let you choose between an HMO or a PPO each time you need care.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/managedcare.html" id="2022" language="Spanish">Planes de administración de seguros de salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008329">Managed Care Programs</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/managedcare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>HMO</see-reference>
<see-reference>Health Maintenance Organizations</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insurance</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services" url="https://www.cms.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)" url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/HMO" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/HMO">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managed Care Plans: Getting Good Care for Your Child" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/Pages/Managed-Care-Plans-Getting-Good-Care-for-Your-Child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/paginas/managed-care-plans-getting-good-care-for-your-child.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare Advantage Plans" url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-health-plan-options" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-health-plan-options">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare Special Needs Plans (SNP)" url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/SNP" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/SNP">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)" url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/PPO" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/PPO">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managed Care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Managed+Care+Programs%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Types of Managed Care Plans" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/Pages/Types-of-Managed-Care-Plans.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/paginas/types-of-managed-care-plans.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women's Preventive Services Guidelines" url="https://www.hrsa.gov/womens-guidelines">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las manchas o marcas de nacimiento pueden ser dos tipos principales: vasculares o pigmentadas. Conozca sobre los diferentes tipos aquí." title="Manchas de nacimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthmarks.html" id="5403" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las manchas de nacimiento son anomalías de la piel que se presentan en el recién nacido. Hay dos tipos de manchas de nacimiento: vasculares y pigmentadas. Las vasculares son formadas por vasos sanguíneos que no se han desarrollado correctamente y que comúnmente son rojas. Los hemangiomas y los hemangiomas planos son dos tipos de manchas vasculares. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html"&gt;pigmentadas&lt;/a&gt; están compuestas por un racimo de células que contienen el pigmento que da el color a la piel. Pueden ser de varios colores, desde color marrón claro, gris a negro y, a veces, azul. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/moles.html"&gt;lunares&lt;/a&gt; pueden ser manchas de nacimiento. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se sabe qué es lo que causa este tipo de manchas, pero algunas son de familia. El doctor de su bebé mirará las manchas para ver si necesitan tratamiento o seguimiento. Generalmente, las manchas pigmentadas no se tratan, excepto los lunares. El tratamiento para las manchas vasculares incluye láser.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría no es un problema serio y otras desaparecen por sí solas. Algunas permanecen igual o empeoran a medida que se envejece. Por lo general, las marcas de nacimiento son sólo una preocupación por su apariencia. Pero ciertos tipos pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de piel. Si su marca de nacimiento sangra, duele, pica o se infecta, llame a su proveedor de salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthmarks.html" id="5402" language="English">Birthmarks</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/moles.html" id="4492">Lunares</related-topic>
<site title="Extirpación quirúrgica de un hemangioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100114_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100114_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001459.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma capilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001441.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma plano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001475.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangiomas congénitos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/congenital-hemangioma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congenital-hemangioma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangiomas del lactante" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/infantile-hemangioma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/infantile-hemangioma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manchas de vino de oporto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/port-wine-stains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/port-wine-stains.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marca de la cigüeña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001388.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas de nacimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/birthmarks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/birthmarks.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas de nacimiento pigmentadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000828.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas de nacimiento rojas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001440.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcas de nacimiento y hemangiomas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/paginas/infantile-hemangiomas-baby-birthmarks.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Pages/Infantile-Hemangiomas-Baby-Birthmarks.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanocitosis dérmica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001472.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000150.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klippel-Trénaunay" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12255/sindrome-de-klippel-trenaunay/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sturge-Weber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001426.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cirujano plástico pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-plastic-surgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Plastic-Surgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un hemangioma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hemangioma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hemangioma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una marca o mancha de nacimiento?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/birthmark.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/birthmark.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen varios tratamientos sin medicinas que pueden ayudar con el dolor, como la acupuntura, técnicas de biorretrolimentación, estimulación eléctrica, masajes y meditación, entre otras." title="Manejo del dolor sin medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html" id="7108" language="Spanish" date-created="09/05/2018">
<also-called>Alivio del dolor sin remedios</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el dolor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt; es una señal del sistema nervioso de que algo no anda bien. Es una sensación desagradable, como un pinchazo, hormigueo, picadura, ardor o molestia. El dolor puede ser agudo o sordo. Puede ser intermitente o constante. Puede sentir dolor en alguna parte del cuerpo como la espalda, el abdomen, el pecho o la pelvis. O puede sentir dolor generalizado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de dolor:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dolor agudo&lt;/strong&gt;: En general, aparece de repente debido a una enfermedad, lesión o inflamación. A menudo puede ser diagnosticado y tratado. Usualmente desaparece, aunque a veces puede convertirse en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dolor crónico&lt;/strong&gt;: Dura mucho tiempo y puede causar problemas graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los analgésicos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; son medicamentos que reducen o alivian el dolor. Existen muchos medicamentos diferentes para el dolor, y cada uno tiene ventajas y riesgos. Algunos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos sin receta médica&lt;/a&gt;. Otros son más fuertes y están disponibles con receta médica. Los analgésicos recetados más potentes son los opioides. Son muy efectivos, pero quienes los toman tienen riesgos de sufrir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;adicción&lt;/a&gt; o sobredosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a los efectos secundarios y riesgos de los analgésicos, es posible que necesite probar primero un tratamiento sin medicinas para el dolor. Y si necesita los medicamentos, estos tratamientos sin medicinas podría permitirle tomar una dosis más baja.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son algunos tratamientos sin medicinas para el dolor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tratamientos sin medicinas que pueden ayudar con el dolor. Es importante hablar con su proveedor de atención médica antes de probar alguno de ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acupuntura&lt;/strong&gt;: Estimula puntos específicos en su cuerpo. Hay diferentes métodos para esto. El más común inserta agujas delgadas en la piel. Otros métodos incluyen usar presión, estimulación eléctrica y calor. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuntura&lt;/a&gt; se basa en la creencia de que el Qi (energía vital) fluye a través del cuerpo a lo largo de caminos llamados meridianos. Sus practicantes piensan que estimular los puntos de acupuntura puede reequilibrar el Qi. La investigación sugiere que la acupuntura puede ayudar a controlar ciertas afecciones que causan dolor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Técnicas de biorretroalimentación&lt;/strong&gt;: Usan dispositivos electrónicos para medir las funciones del cuerpo, como la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Esto le enseña a ser más consciente de las funciones de su cuerpo para aprender a controlarlas. Por ejemplo, un dispositivo de biorretroalimentación puede medir su tensión muscular. Al ver cómo cambian estas mediciones, puede ser más consciente de cuándo sus músculos se tensan y aprender a relajarlos. La biorretroalimentación puede ayudar a controlar el dolor, incluyendo dolores de cabeza crónicos y de espalda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estimulación eléctrica&lt;/strong&gt;: Usa un dispositivo para enviar una corriente eléctrica suave a nervios o músculos. Esto puede ayudar a tratar el dolor al interrumpir o bloquear las señales de dolor. Los tipos incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Estimulación eléctrica transcutánea (TENS, en inglés)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estimulación nerviosa periférica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estimulación cerebral profunda o de la médula espinal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de masaje&lt;/strong&gt;: Tratamiento en el cual los tejidos blandos del cuerpo se aprietan, frotan, golpean suavemente y se acarician. Entre otros beneficios, puede ayudar a las personas a relajarse y aliviar el estrés y el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meditación&lt;/strong&gt;: Práctica que conecta la mente con su cuerpo. En la meditación, usted enfoca su atención en algo, como un objeto, palabra, frase o su respiración. Esto le ayuda a minimizar los pensamientos o sentimientos que le distraen o estresan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fisioterapia&lt;/strong&gt;: Usa técnicas como calor, frío, ejercicio, masajes y manipulación. Puede ayudar a controlar el dolor, así como a acondicionar los músculos y restaurar la fuerza&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psicoterapia &lt;/strong&gt;(terapia de conversación): Usa métodos como conversar, escuchar y el asesoramiento para tratar trastornos mentales y de la conducta. También puede ayudar a personas con dolor, en especial dolor crónico, al:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enseñar habilidades para hacer frente al dolor y poder lidiar mejor con el estrés que puede causar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Abordar pensamientos y emociones negativas que pueden empeorar el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entregar apoyo emocional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de relajación&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ayudar a reducir la tensión y el estrés muscular, bajar la presión arterial y controlar el dolor. Puede consistir en tensar y relajar los músculos del cuerpo. Puede utilizar imágenes guiadas (enfocando la mente en imágenes positivas) y meditación&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ser necesaria para tratar el dolor intenso, especialmente cuando es causado por problemas de espalda o lesiones musculoesqueléticas graves. Siempre hay riesgos al someterse a una cirugía, y no siempre funciona para tratar el dolor. Por ello, es importante hablar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre todos sus riesgos y beneficios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Terapias complementarias y alternativas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html" id="7107" language="English">Non-Drug Pain Management</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCCAM">Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Dolor, manejo sin medicamentos</see-reference>
<site title="Acupuntura: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biorretroalimentación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor: Más allá de los opioides" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-del-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/10/managing-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con el dolor crónico" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/pain/dolor?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/pain/chronic?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="De los opioides a la atención plena: Un nuevo enfoque para el dolor crónico" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/de-los-opioides-a-la-atencion-plena-un-nuevo-enfoque-para-el-dolor-cronico" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/from-opioids-to-mindfulness-a-new-approach-to-chronic-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina alternativa para el alivio del dolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002064.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meditación: Una manera simple y rápida de reducir el estrés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas y respuestas: Dr. David Williams sobre el manejo del dolor crónico" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-dr-david-williams-sobre-el-manejo-del-dolor-cronico">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiropráctica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Un relato personal: Selene Suárez" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-relato-personal-selene-suarez" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/personal-story-selene-suarez">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Podría ayudarle un tratamiento de salud complementario?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/podria-ayudarle-un-tratamiento-de-salud-complementario" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/could-a-complementary-health-treatment-help-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los marcapasos y los desfibriladores implantables son dispositivos que monitorean y ayudan a controlar los ritmos cardíacos anormales. Aprenda más." title="Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3448" language="Spanish" date-created="09/23/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmia&lt;/a&gt; es cualquier trastorno en los latidos o el ritmo del corazón. Significa que el corazón late demasiado rápido o demasiado lento o que tiene un patrón irregular. La mayoría de las arritmias son el resultado de problemas en el sistema eléctrico del corazón. Si su arritmia es seria, puede ser que necesite un marcapasos cardíaco o un desfibrilador implantable. Estos dispositivos son implantados en el pecho o en el abdomen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un marcapasos ayuda a controlar el ritmo cardíaco irregular. Utiliza pulsos eléctricos que estimulan el corazón para que este lata a un ritmo normal. Puede acelerar un corazón que late despacio, controlar uno que late demasiado rápido y coordinar las cámaras del corazón.  &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Un desfibrilador implantable monitorea el ritmo cardíaco. Cuando el dispositivo detecta un ritmo cardíaco anormal, envía impulsos eléctricos. Este tratamiento se llama desfibrilación. El desfibrilador puede ayudar a controlar las arritmias que pueden ser un peligro para la salud, especialmente aquellas que causan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;paros cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;. Los desfibriladores más nuevos pueden actuar tanto como un marcapasos como desfibriladores implantables. Muchos de estos, graban el ritmo del corazón cuando detecta que no está latiendo normalmente. Esto puede ayudar al doctor a determinar un tratamiento futuro.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La instalación de estos dispositivos requiere una cirugía menor. Es posible que necesite quedarse en el hospital uno o dos días así su doctor se asegura que el dispositivo está funcionando bien. Probablemente volverá a sus actividades cotidianas luego de unos días.  &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3447" language="English">Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html" id="1755">Arritmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<site title="Alta después de implantación de marcapasos cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000097.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras colocación de desfibrilador cardioversor implantable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000108.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000108.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardioversor-desfibrilador: Un tratamiento para la arritmia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cardioversor-desfibrilador-un-tratamiento-para-la-arritmia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/cardioverter-defibrillator-a-treatment-for-arrhythmia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugías y dispositivos para la insuficiencia cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000363.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desfibrilador cardioversor implantable (DCI)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/desfibrilador-cardioversor-implantable-dci/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desfibrilador-cardioversor implantable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007370.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcapasos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/marcapasos/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcapasos cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007369.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema de conducción" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/el-sistema-de-conduccion/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los desfibriladores?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/desfibriladores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/defibrillators">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los marcapasos?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/marcapasos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pacemakers">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El mareo por movimiento o cinetosis puede comenzar repentinamente. Puede causar náusea y sudores fríos. Aprenda cómo prevenirlo durante su viaje." title="Mareo (Cinetosis)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html" id="3107" language="Spanish" date-created="12/09/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El mareo por movimiento o cinetosis es un problema común entre las personas que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html"&gt;viajan&lt;/a&gt; en automóvil, tren, avión, y especialmente, en barco. Cualquier persona puede tenerla, pero es más común en niños, mujeres embarazadas y personas que toman ciertas medicinas. La cinetosis puede suceder repentinamente, con una sensación de mareos y sudores fríos. Eso puede conducir a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;vértigo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cerebro siente el movimiento al recibir las señales provenientes del oído interno, los ojos, los músculos y las articulaciones. Cuando recibe señales que no coinciden, puede surgir el mareo por movimiento. Por ejemplo, si está leyendo en su teléfono mientras viaja en el autobús, sus ojos están enfocados en algo que no está en movimiento. Sin embargo, el oído interno percibe el movimiento. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El lugar donde se siente puede hacer una diferencia. El asiento delantero del automóvil, los vagones de un tren, la cubierta de un barco o los asientos cercanos a las alas de un avión son los más adecuados para viajar. Mantener la vista fija en el horizonte, en lugar de intentar leer o ver algo dentro del vehículo, también puede ayudar. Existen medicinas que pueden prevenir o trata el mareo por movimiento, pero por lo general causan somnolencia.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html" id="3106" language="English">Motion Sickness</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Enfermedad por movimiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Movimiento, Enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Malestar en el auto" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/paginas/car-sickness.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/Pages/Car-Sickness.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003093.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareo por el movimiento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mareo-por-el-movimiento-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/motion-sickness/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareos por movimiento: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/art-20056697?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/ART-20056697?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de mal de debarcación (SMDD)" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/mal_de_debarquement_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la causa del mareo producido por el movimiento del automóvil y cómo puedo prevenirlo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/expert-answers/car-sickness-in-children/faq-20057876?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Puede una persona marearse al jugar con videojuegos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/simulator-sickness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/simulator-sickness.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el mareo y el vértigo? Lea sobre los síntomas, causas y tratamientos del mareo aquí." title="Mareo y vértigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html" id="1864" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando se siente mareado, puede sentirse aturdido, confundido o desorientado. Si siente que la habitación está girando, tiene vértigo. Ambas sensaciones pueden hacerle perder el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El mareo puede tener muchas causas diferentes. Una caída brusca de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; o estar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratado&lt;/a&gt; puede hacer que se sienta mareado. Muchas personas se sienten mareadas si se levantan demasiado rápido cuando están sentadas o acostadas. Las medicinas pueden causar mareos o problemas en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html"&gt;oído&lt;/a&gt;. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html"&gt;cinetosis&lt;/a&gt;  también puede provocar mareos. A veces, el mareo puede ser un síntoma de otras enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A medida que las personas envejecen, pueden tener más problemas de salud y tomar más medicamentos. Esto los hace más propensos a tener problemas de mareos y o del equilibrio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, los mareos se mejoran por sí mismos o se tratan fácilmente. Si siente mareos con frecuencia, debe consultar a su médico para conocer la causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html" id="216" language="English">Dizziness and Vertigo</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html" id="2263">Enfermedad de Ménière</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html" id="3107">Mareo (Cinetosis)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Equilibrio, Trastornos del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trastornos del equilibrio</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vértigo</see-reference>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el mareo y el vértigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000692.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000692.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el vértigo postural benigno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000745.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la laberintitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000716.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del mareo asociado a migraña con una dieta" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/migraine_diet_triggers_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dehiscencia del canal superior" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/superior_canal_dehisence_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Después de reposicionar por BPPV: Vértico posicional paroxístico benigno" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/after_bppv_repositioning_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electronistagmografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003448.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envejecer y el mareo" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/aging_and_dizziness_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación calórica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipofunción bilateral del aparato vestibular" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/bilateral_vestibular_loss_or_hypofunction_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Implantes cocleares y trastornos vestibulares" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/cochlear_implants_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laberintitis" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/labyrinthitis_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laberintitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001054.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maniobra de Epley" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007662.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maniobra de reposicionamiento canalicular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/canalith-repositioning-procedure/about/pac-20393315?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/canalith-repositioning-procedure/about/pac-20393315?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003093.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareo asociado a la migraña" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/migraine_associated_dizziness_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareo cervicogénico" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/cervicogenic_dizziness_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareo por ansiedad" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/anxiety_dizziness_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareo y caídas" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/dizziness-and-falls-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dizziness/symptoms-causes/syc-20371787?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dizziness/symptoms-causes/syc-20371787?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareos y el equilibrio" url="https://www.asha.org/siteassets/uploadedFiles/Los-mareos-y-el-equilibrio.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/AIS-Dizziness-Balance.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareos y problemas de equilibrio en los niños" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mareos-y-problemas-de-equilibrio-en-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/03/dizziness-balance-problems-kids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareos: Diagnóstico y tratamientos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dizziness/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371792?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/otosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/otosclerosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas comunes de funcionamiento vestibular" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/common_vestibular_function_tests_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas del equilibrio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-del-equilibrio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/balance-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobrellevar los mareos: Obtener ayuda para un trastorno del equilibrio" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sobrellevar-los-mareos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/11/dealing-dizziness">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos asociados con el vértigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001432.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del equilibrio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/balance-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/balance-disorders.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo y problemas del oído interno" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/trauma_and_inner_ear_problems_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Videonistagmografía (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vertigo-posicional-paroxistico-benigno-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno ¿Por qué yo?" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/benign_paroxysmal_positional_vertigo_why_me_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vértigo postural benigno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001420.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el vértigo?" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/what_is_vertigo_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Marfan syndrome is a disorder that affects connective tissue. Marfan syndrome can be mild to severe. Read about symptoms and outlook." title="Marfan Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/marfansyndrome.html" id="939" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Marfan syndrome is a disorder that affects connective tissue. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;Connective tissues&lt;/a&gt; are proteins that support skin, bones, blood vessels, and other organs. One of these proteins is fibrillin. A problem with the fibrillin gene causes Marfan syndrome. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Marfan syndrome can be mild to severe, and the symptoms can vary. People with Marfan syndrome are often very tall, thin, and loose jointed. Most people with Marfan syndrome have heart and blood vessel problems, such as a weakness in the aorta or heart valves that leak. They may also have problems with their bones, eyes, skin, nervous system, and lungs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for Marfan syndrome. Your doctor may use your medical history, family history, and a physical exam to diagnose it. Marfan syndrome has no cure, but treatments can help delay or prevent complications. Treatments include medicines, surgery, and other therapies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html" id="2023" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Marfan</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008382">Marfan Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Arachnodactyly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003288.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beals Syndrome" url="https://marfan.org/conditions/beals-syndrome/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Marfan Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Marfan+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Emergencies" url="https://marfan.org/expectations/treatment/emergencies/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Genetic Counselor" url="https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Society of Genetic Counselors</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting Diagnosed" url="https://marfan.org/expectations/diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart and Blood Vessels in Marfan Syndrome" url="https://marfan.org/resource-library/heart-and-blood-vessels/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Marfan Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Marfan-Syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Loeys-Dietz Syndrome" url="https://marfan.org/conditions/loeys-dietz/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marfan syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000418.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marfan Syndrome" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/marfan-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marfan Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/marfan.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/marfan.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marfan syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/marfan-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marfan Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Marfan+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are Related Conditions?" url="https://marfan.org/conditions/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Marfan Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Marfan Syndrome?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/marfan-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/sindrome-de-marfan">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Algunos estados han aprobado la &quot;marihuana medicinal&quot; para aliviar los síntomas de varios problemas de salud. Más información sobre la marihuana aquí." title="Marihuana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html" id="2024" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cartuchos</also-called>
<also-called>Churros</also-called>
<also-called>Juana</also-called>
<also-called>Juanita</also-called>
<also-called>Mafu</also-called>
<also-called>Mota</also-called>
<also-called>Yoints</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la marihuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La marihuana es una mezcla verde, marrón o gris de partes desmenuzadas y secas de la planta de marihuana. La planta contiene sustancias químicas que actúan en el cerebro y pueden cambiar su estado de ánimo o conciencia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se usa la marihuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas maneras diferentes en que las personas usan marihuana, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Enrollar y fumarla como un cigarrillo o un cigarro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fumarla en una pipa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mezclarla en la comida y comerla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preparándola como un té&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inhalar aceites humeantes de la planta (conocido como "dabbing" en inglés)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vaporizadores electrónicos (vapear)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos de la marihuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La marihuana puede causar efectos a corto y largo plazo.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A corto plazo:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bajo los efectos de la droga, se puede experimentar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentidos alterados, como ver colores más brillantes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentido del tiempo alterado, como minutos que parecen horas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estado de ánimo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el movimiento del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el pensamiento, resolver problemas y la memoria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mayor apetito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A largo plazo:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A largo plazo, la marihuana puede causar problemas de salud como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el desarrollo del cerebro: Las personas que comenzaron a consumir marihuana en la adolescencia pueden tener problemas para pensar, recordar y aprender&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tos y problemas respiratorios si fuma marihuana frecuentemente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas del desarrollo infantil &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;durante&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html"&gt;después&lt;/a&gt; del embarazo si una mujer fuma marihuana &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede tener una sobredosis de marihuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que ocurra una sobredosis de marihuana si se consume una dosis muy alta. Los síntomas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, pánico y latidos cardíacos rápidos. En casos raros, una sobredosis puede causar paranoia y alucinaciones. No hay informes de personas que mueran solo por usar marihuana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Es la marihuana adictiva?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Después de usar marihuana por un tiempo, es posible volverse adicto a ella. Es más probable que se vuelva adicto si consume marihuana todos los días o si comenzó a usarla cuando era un adolescente. Si es adicto, tendrá una fuerte necesidad de consumir la droga. También es posible que necesite fumar más y más para obtener el mismo efecto. Cuando intente dejar de fumarla, puede tener síntomas leves de abstinencia, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disminución del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la marihuana medicinal?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La planta de marihuana tiene sustancias químicas que pueden ayudar con algunos problemas de salud. Ha aumentado el número de estados que están legalizando el uso de la planta como medicamento para ciertas afecciones médicas. Pero no hay suficiente investigación para demostrar que la planta entera trabaja para tratar o curar estos males. La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA, por su sigla en inglés) no ha aprobado la planta de marihuana como medicamento. La marihuana sigue siendo ilegal a nivel federal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, los científicos han estudiado los efectos de los cannabinoides, las sustancias químicas de la marihuana. Los dos cannabinoides principales que son de interés médico son el tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD). La FDA ha aprobado dos medicamentos que contienen THC. Estos tratan las náuseas causadas por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; y aumentan el apetito en pacientes con pérdida severa de peso por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;sida&lt;/a&gt;. También hay un medicamento líquido que contiene CBD. Trata dos formas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsia&lt;/a&gt; infantil severa. Los científicos están haciendo más investigaciones con la marihuana y sus ingredientes para tratar muchas enfermedades y condiciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Abuso de Drogas&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html" id="317" language="English">Marijuana</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html" id="1869">Consumo de drogas y la adicción</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso de marihuana</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cannabis</see-reference>
<site title="5 cosas que debe saber sobre el Delta-8 tetrahidrocannabinol (Delta-8 THC)" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/5-cosas-que-debe-saber-sobre-el-delta-8-tetrahidrocannabinol-o-delta-8-thc" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/5-things-know-about-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol-delta-8-thc">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canabis (marihuana)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/cannabis" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/cannabis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabinoides sintéticos" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/los-cannabinoides-sinteticos" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cannabinoids">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis y canabinoides (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cannabis-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fumar marihuana y los pulmones" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/marijuana.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/marijuana.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por marihuana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000952.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000952.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber acerca del uso de cannabis, incluyendo CBD, mientras está embarazada o amamantando a su bebé" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-acerca-del-uso-de-cannabis-incluyendo-cbd-mientras-esta-embarazada-o-amamantando" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-should-know-about-using-cannabis-including-cbd-when-pregnant-or-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que necesita saber (y lo que estamos intentando averiguar) sobre los productos que contienen cannabis o compuestos derivados de él, incluyendo el CDB" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-necesita-saber-y-lo-que-estamos-intentando-averiguar-sobre-los-productos-que-contienen" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marihuana" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/marijuana.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/marijuana.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marihuana (cannabis) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/marihuana/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/marijuana-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marihuana medicinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000899.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marihuana: La respuesta del cuerpo a la marihuana" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/marihuana" language-mapped-url="https://teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/marijuana">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del uso de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de sustancias: Marihuana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Ayuda la marihuana a tratar el glaucoma u otras afecciones oculares?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/marihuana-medicinal-y-glaucoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/medical-marijuana-glaucoma-treament">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Marijuana contains the mind-altering chemical THC. Some U.S. states approve the use of medical marijuana. Read about marijuana and its effects." title="Marijuana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html" id="317" language="English" date-created="12/18/1998">
<also-called>Cannabis</also-called>
<also-called>Ganja</also-called>
<also-called>Grass</also-called>
<also-called>Hash</also-called>
<also-called>Pot</also-called>
<also-called>Weed</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is marijuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mix of dried, crumbled parts from the marijuana plant.  The plant contains chemicals which act on your brain and can change your mood or consciousness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do people use marijuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different ways that people use marijuana, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Rolling it up and smoking it like a cigarette or cigar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking it in a pipe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mixing it in food and eating it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brewing it as a tea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking oils from the plant ("dabbing")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using electronic vaporizers ("vaping")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the effects of marijuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Marijuana can cause both short-term and long-term effects.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short term:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While you are high, you may experience:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Altered senses, such as seeing brighter colors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Altered sense of time, such as minutes seeming like hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in mood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with body movement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble with thinking, problem-solving, and memory&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long term:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the long term, marijuana can cause health problems, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Problems with brain development. People who started using marijuana as teenagers may have trouble with thinking, memory, and learning.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing and breathing problems, if you smoke marijuana frequently&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with child development &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;during&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html"&gt;after&lt;/a&gt; pregnancy, if a woman smokes marijuana &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;while pregnant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can you overdose on marijuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is possible to overdose on marijuana, if you take a very high dose. Symptoms of an overdose include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, panic, and a rapid heartbeat. In rare cases, an overdose can cause paranoia and hallucinations. There are no reports of people dying from using just marijuana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Is marijuana addictive?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After using marijuana for a while, it is possible to get addicted to it. You are more likely to become addicted if you use marijuana every day or you started using it when you were a teenager. If you are addicted, you will have a strong need to take the drug. You may also need to smoke more and more of it to get the same high. When you try to quit, you may have mild withdrawal symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;Trouble sleeping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anxiety&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cravings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is medical marijuana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The marijuana plant has chemicals that can help with some health problems. More states are making it legal to use the plant as medicine for certain medical conditions. But there isn't enough research to show that the whole plant works to treat or cure these conditions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the marijuana plant as a medicine. Marijuana is still illegal at the national level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, there have been scientific studies of cannabinoids, the chemicals in marijuana. The two main cannabinoids that are of medical interest are THC and CBD. The FDA has approved two drugs that contain THC. These drugs treat nausea caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; and increase appetite in patients who have severe weight loss from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;AIDS&lt;/a&gt;. There is also a liquid drug that contains CBD. It treats two forms of severe childhood &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsy&lt;/a&gt;. Scientists are doing more research with marijuana and its ingredients to treat many diseases and conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html" id="2024" language="Spanish">Marihuana</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000074609">Marijuana Use</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064086">Medical Marijuana</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002189">Marijuana Abuse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html" id="30">Drug Use and Addiction</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cannabis</see-reference>
<site title="5 Things to Know about Delta-8 Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-8 THC)" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/5-things-know-about-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol-delta-8-thc" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/5-cosas-que-debe-saber-sobre-el-delta-8-tetrahidrocannabinol-o-delta-8-thc">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis (Marijuana)" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/cannabis" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/cannabis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis (Marijuana) and Cannabinoids: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cannabis-marijuana-and-cannabinoids-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis and Cannabinoids" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cannabis-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis and Teens" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cannabis/health-effects/cannabis-and-teens.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects/es/teens.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis Facts and Stats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cannabis/data-research/facts-stats/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/es/data-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cannabinoids" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=cannabinoids&amp;cond=NOT+%28Use+Disorders+OR+Marijuana+Use+OR+Dependence+OR+Abuse+OR+Drug+Use%29&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cannabis Use Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Cannabis+Use+Disorder&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Marijuana Use" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Marijuana+Use%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Medical Marijuana" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Medical+Marijuana%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Does Marijuana Help Treat Glaucoma or Other Eye Conditions?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/medical-marijuana-glaucoma-treament" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/marihuana-medicinal-y-glaucoma">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Use Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhaled Marijuana and the Lungs" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/marijuana.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/marijuana.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marijuana" url="https://www.dea.gov/galleries/drug-images/marijuana">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marijuana (Cannabis) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/marijuana-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/marihuana/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marijuana and Teens" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Marijuana-and-Teens-106.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marijuana intoxication" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000952.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000952.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Cannabis and Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/treating-ms/integrative-medicine/medical-cannabis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical marijuana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000899.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marijuana abuse" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Marijuana+Use%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Marijuana+Abuse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Medical+Marijuana%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- marijuana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000796.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synthetic Cannabinoids" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/synthetic-cannabinoids" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/los-cannabinoides-sinteticos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Teens: The Truth about Marijuana" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep19-05.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Substance Use Disorders" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know (And What We're Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-need-know-and-what-were-working-find-out-about-products-containing-cannabis-or-cannabis" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-necesita-saber-y-lo-que-estamos-intentando-averiguar-sobre-los-productos-que-contienen">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Should Know About Using Cannabis, Including CBD, When Pregnant or Breastfeeding" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-should-know-about-using-cannabis-including-cbd-when-pregnant-or-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-acerca-del-uso-de-cannabis-incluyendo-cbd-mientras-esta-embarazada-o-amamantando">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A mastectomy is a surgery to remove a breast or part of a breast in order to treat breast cancer. A lumpectomy is done to remove a tumor. Read more." title="Mastectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html" id="3752" language="English" date-created="02/12/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A mastectomy is surgery to remove a breast or part of a breast. It is usually done to treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;breast cancer&lt;/a&gt;.  Types of breast surgery include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Total (simple) mastectomy - removal of breast tissue and nipple&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Modified radical mastectomy - removal of the breast, most of the lymph nodes under the arm, and often the lining over the chest muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lumpectomy - surgery to remove the tumor and a small amount of normal tissue around it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Which surgery you have depends on the stage of cancer, size of the tumor, size of the breast, and whether the lymph nodes are involved. Many women have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastreconstruction.html"&gt;breast reconstruction&lt;/a&gt; to rebuild the breast after a mastectomy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes mastectomy is done to prevent breast cancer. Only high-risk patients have this type of surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html" id="3753" language="Spanish">Mastectomía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008408">Mastectomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html" id="3">Breast Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastreconstruction.html" id="1239">Breast Reconstruction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html" id="4610">Lymphedema</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lumpectomy</see-reference>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Cancer Surgery" url="https://www.komen.org/wp-content/uploads/BreastCancerSurgery.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ww5.komen.org/uploadedFiles/_Komen/Content/About_Breast_Cancer/Tools_and_Resources/Translated_Materials/Breast%20Cancer%20Surgery%20KO2056%20FINAL%209-16%20SPA%20HR.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast lump removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002918.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast lump removal - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100003_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100003_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mastectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=mastectomy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding between Mastectomy or Lumpectomy" url="https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/type/surgery/mastectomy-vs-lumpectomy/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
</site>
<site title="Follow up Care After Breast Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/living-as-a-breast-cancer-survivor/follow-up-care-after-breast-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/la-vida-como-una-sobreviviente-de-cancer-de-seno.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002919.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/mastectomy/about/pac-20394670?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/mastectomy/about/pac-20394670?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000244.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100031_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100031_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomy and breast reconstruction - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mastectomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Surgery Choices for Women with DCIS or Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/surgery-choices" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/opciones-de-cirugia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery-for-breast-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/tratamiento/cirugia-del-cancer-de-seno.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery to Reduce the Risk of Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/risk-reducing-surgery-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-mastectomia-preventiva">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What You Need to Know about a Mastectomy" url="https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/type/surgery/mastectomy/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Susan G. Komen for the Cure</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una mastectomía es una cirugía para extirpar un seno o parte de un seno para tratar el cáncer de mama. Una lumpectomía es para extirpar un tumor. " title="Mastectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html" id="3753" language="Spanish" date-created="03/12/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una mastectomía es una cirugía para extirpar un seno. Se realiza para tratar o para prevenir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de seno&lt;/a&gt;. La cirugía preventiva se practica solamente en pacientes de alto riesgo. Existen cuatro tipos principales:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mastectomía total: Extirpación del tejido mamario y del pezón &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mastectomía radical modificada: Extirpación del seno, la mayoría de los ganglios linfáticos axilares y, con frecuencia, la membrana que recubre los músculos del pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lumpectomía: Extirpación del tumor y algo del tejido sano alrededor de éste &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tipo de cirugía que se decida dependerá del estado del cáncer, el tamaño del tumor, el tamaño del seno y la afectación de ganglios linfáticos. Muchas mujeres se someten a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastreconstruction.html"&gt;reconstrucción del seno&lt;/a&gt;  para reconstruir el seno después de una mastectomía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, la mastectomía se hace para prevenir el cáncer de mama. Sólo los pacientes de alto riesgo tienen este tipo de cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html" id="3752" language="English">Mastectomy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html" id="1786">Cáncer de seno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphedema.html" id="4611">Linfedema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastreconstruction.html" id="1789">Reconstrucción del seno</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras mastectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000244.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para el cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/tratamiento/cirugia-del-cancer-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery-for-breast-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para reducir el riesgo de cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-mastectomia-preventiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/risk-reducing-surgery-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types-treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de un tumor mamario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002918.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación del tumor de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100003_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100003_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002919.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100031_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100031_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/mastectomy/about/pac-20394670?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/mastectomy/about/pac-20394670?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomía y reconstrucción de la mama: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de cirugía para las mujeres con carcinoma ductal in situ o con cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/opciones-de-cirugia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/surgery-choices">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de seno según su etapa" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/tratamiento/tratamiento-del-cancer-del-seno-segun-su-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-treating-by-stage">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Measles or rubeola is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily person to person, causes red blotchy rash along with other symptoms." title="Measles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/measles.html" id="318" language="English" date-created="06/10/1999">
<also-called>Rubeola</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily from person to person. It causes a blotchy red rash. The rash often starts on the head and moves down the body. Other symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cough&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runny nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Conjunctivitis (pink eye)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling achy and run down&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiny white spots inside the mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes measles can lead to serious problems. There is no treatment for measles, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;"German measles", also known as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html"&gt;rubella&lt;/a&gt;, is a completely different illness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/measles.html" id="2025" language="Spanish">Sarampión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008457">Measles</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/measles.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/measles.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<see-reference>Rubeola</see-reference>
<site title="About Measles" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibody Serology Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Measles" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Measles%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001569.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/measles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/measles.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles (Rubeola)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/rubeola-measles?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles and Mumps Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measles-and-mumps-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sarampion-y-paperas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measles Cases and Outbreaks" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/es/data-research/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms-sp.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/vaccines/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety Information" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, Rubella and the MMR Vaccine during Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmr.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Photos of Measles" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/signs-symptoms/photos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/photos-sp.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plan for Travel: Measles (Rubeola)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/plan-for-travel.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/plan-for-travel-sp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Measles%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions about Measles" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/questions.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/faqs-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccination Is the Best Protection against Measles" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccination-best-protection-against-measles" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-mejor-proteccion-contra-el-sarampion-es-la-vacunacion">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Medicaid is government health insurance that helps low-income people in the U.S. pay their medical bills. Learn about services and eligibility." title="Medicaid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaid.html" id="1453" language="English" date-created="04/06/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Medicaid is government &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html"&gt;health insurance&lt;/a&gt; that helps many low-income people in the United States to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html"&gt;pay their medical bills&lt;/a&gt;. The Federal government sets up general guidelines for the program, but each state has its own rules. Your state might require you to pay a part of the cost for some medical services. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;You have to meet certain requirements to get Medicaid help. These might involve:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether you are pregnant, blind, or have a disability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your income and resources&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether or not you are a U.S. citizen or, if not, what your immigration status is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaid.html" id="2026" language="Spanish">Medicaid</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008484">Medicaid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaid.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Insurance</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services" url="https://www.cms.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Care for Medicaid and CHIP Enrollees" url="https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/benefits/dental-care/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eligibility Policy" url="https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/eligibility-policy/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicaid" url="https://www.medicare.gov/basics/costs/help/medicaid" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/basics/costs/help/medicaid">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicaid &amp; You: Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid-and-you/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicaid Benefits" url="https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicaid.gov" url="https://www.medicaid.gov/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicaid" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Medicaid%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Medicaid es un seguro de salud del gobierno que ayuda a personas de bajos ingresos con sus gastos de salud. Conozca los servicios y requisitos." title="Medicaid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaid.html" id="2026" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Medicaid es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html"&gt;seguro de salud&lt;/a&gt; del gobierno estadounidense que ayuda a muchas personas de bajos ingresos en país para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html"&gt;pagar sus cuentas médicas&lt;/a&gt;. El gobierno federal establece pautas generales para el programa, pero es importante saber que cada estado tiene sus propias reglas. En este sentido, su estado puede requerir que usted pague una parte del costo de algunos servicios médicos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted necesita cumplir con ciertos requisitos para recibir ayuda de Medicaid. Entre estos se encuentran:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Su edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si hay un embarazo, tiene una discapacidad o ceguera  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sus ingresos y recursos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si usted es o no ciudadano de Estados Unidos, y si no, cuál es su estatus migratorio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centro para los Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaid.html" id="1453" language="English">Medicaid</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Seguros</see-reference>
<site title="Cobertura de Medicaid y CHIP" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/medicaid-chip/getting-medicaid-chip/" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthcare.gov/medicaid-chip/getting-medicaid-chip/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicaid" url="https://es.medicare.gov/basics/costs/help/medicaid" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/basics/costs/help/medicaid">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare" url="https://es.medicare.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtener ayuda con los costos" url="https://es.medicare.gov/basics/costs/help">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terminología del Seguro Social" url="https://www.ssa.gov/espanol/agencia/glosario/glosario-espanol-ingles.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Medical devices can diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent some diseases. It is important to know how to use medical devices safely. Read more." title="Medical Device Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaldevicesafety.html" id="4154" language="English" date-created="03/24/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A medical device is any product used to diagnose, cure, or treat a condition, or to prevent disease. They range from small and simple, like a blood glucose meter, to large and complicated, like a ventilator. You might use one at home or at work, or you may need one in a hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To use medical devices safely:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Know how your device works. Keep instructions close by&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Understand and properly respond to device alarms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a back-up plan and supplies in the event of an emergency&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep emergency numbers available and update them as needed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Educate your family and caregivers about your device&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaldevicesafety.html" id="4155" language="Spanish">Seguridad de los equipos médicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004869">Equipment Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaldevicesafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicaldevicesafety.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html" id="1445">Drug Safety</related-topic>
<see-reference>Equipment Safety</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Equipment and Supplies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Equipment+and+Supplies%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Full-Body CT Scans: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/full-body-ct-scans-what-you-need-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Handling sharps and needles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000444.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Healthcare Medical Devices: A Checklist" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-health-and-consumer-devices/brochure-home-healthcare-medical-devices-checklist">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Device Safety" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-safety">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Device Safety Communications" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-safety/safety-communications">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="MedWatch, the FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program" url="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Needles and Other Sharps (Safe Disposal Outside of Health Care Settings)" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/consumer-products/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Device Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Equipment+Safety%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Most areas of healthcare have an ethical aspect. Learn about ethical issues in healthcare and bioethics." title="Medical Ethics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicalethics.html" id="5526" language="English" date-created="05/21/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
The field of ethics studies principles of right and wrong. There is hardly an area in medicine that doesn't have an ethical aspect. For example, there are ethical issues relating to
:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html"&gt;End of life care&lt;/a&gt;: Should a patient receive &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html"&gt;nutrition&lt;/a&gt;? What about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html"&gt;advance directives&lt;/a&gt; and resuscitation orders?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abortion.html"&gt;Abortion&lt;/a&gt;: When does life begin? Is it ethical to terminate a pregnancy with a birth defect?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prenatal&lt;/a&gt; testing: What happens if you are a carrier of a defect? What if testing shows that your unborn baby has a defect?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Birth control&lt;/a&gt;: Should it be available to minors?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Is it ethical to harvest embryonic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cells&lt;/a&gt; to treat diseases?&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html"&gt;Organ donation&lt;/a&gt;: Must a relative donate an organ to a sick relative?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your personal health information: who has access to your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html"&gt;records&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/patientrights.html"&gt;Patient rights&lt;/a&gt;: Do you have the right to refuse treatment?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;talk with your doctor&lt;/a&gt;, is it ethical for her to withhold information from you or your family?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004992">Ethics, Medical</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<see-reference>Bioethics</see-reference>
<site title="End of Life Care" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-what-matters-most/end-life-care">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Discrimination" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/policy-issues/Genetic-Discrimination">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Transplantation" url="https://www.thehastingscenter.org/briefingbook/organ-transplantation/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Hastings Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychiatric Advance Directives: Getting Started" url="https://nrc-pad.org/getting-started/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Ethics" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ethics%2C+Medical%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Research Ethics Timeline" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/timeline">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Use of Opiates to Manage Pain in the Seriously and Terminally Ill Patient" url="https://americanhospice.org/caregiving/use-of-opiates-to-manage-pain-in-the-seriously-and-terminally-ill-patient/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Hospice Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Ethics in Research and Why Is It Important?" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Toma medicinas todos los días o sólo de vez en cuando? Aprenda cómo sacar el máximo provecho de sus medicamentos aquí." title="Medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Medicinas</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos pueden tratar enfermedades y mejorar su salud. Si es como la mayoría de las personas, seguramente ha tomado un medicamento en algún momento de su vida. Es posible que deba tomar medicamentos todos los días o que solo necesite tomar medicamentos de vez en cuando. De cualquier manera, debe asegurarse de que sus medicamentos sean seguros y que lo ayudarán a mejorar. En los Estados Unidos, la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés) está a cargo de garantizar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html"&gt;seguridad&lt;/a&gt; y efectividad de medicinas con y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;sin receta&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siempre hay riesgos al tomar medicamentos. Es importante pensar en estos riesgos antes de tomarlos. Incluso los medicamentos seguros pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios&lt;/a&gt; no deseados o interacciones con alimentos, alcohol u otros medicamentos que esté tomando. Es posible que algunos medicamentos no sean seguros durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;. Para reducir el riesgo de reacciones y asegurarse que lo va a ayudar a sentirse mejor, es importante que tome sus medicamentos en forma &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;correcta&lt;/a&gt;. También debe tener cuidado al administrar medicamentos a los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt;, ya que pueden ser más sensibles a sus efectos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31" language="English">Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" id="4060">Analgésicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750">Antibióticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html" id="5720">Errores en la administración de medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html" id="5604">Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3800">Medicamentos sin receta médica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6006">Medicamentos y los niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="1735">Medicina complementaria e integral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951">Medicina herbaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579">Medicinas durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="1795">Quimioterapia para el cáncer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html" id="1870">Seguridad de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Información sobre medicinas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Medicinas, Información sobre las</see-reference>
<site title="Algunas medicinas y el volante no se mezclan" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/algunas-medicinas-y-el-volante-no-se-mezclan" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/some-medicines-and-driving-dont-mix">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Almacenamiento de sus medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplicando una inyección IM (intramuscular)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000935.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco consejos de seguridad sobre los medicamentos para las personas mayores" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/5-consejos-de-seguridad-sobre-los-medicamentos-para-las-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/5-medication-safety-tips-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco consejos para viajar a los Estados Unidos con medicamentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cinco-consejos-para-viajar-los-estados-unidos-con-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/5-tips-traveling-us-medications">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación de una vía intravenosa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-iv.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando desee cambiar su medicamento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ahorrar dinero en medicinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000863.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo sacar el máximo provecho de su medicamento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-sacar-el-maximo-provecho-de-su-medicamento/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo y cuándo deshacerse de medicamentos no utilizados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo y dónde deshacerse de los medicamentos sin utilizar" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-y-donde-deshacerse-de-los-medicamentos-sin-utilizar" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/where-and-how-dispose-unused-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminación de medicamentos no utilizados: Qué debe saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-disposal-medicines/eliminacion-de-medicamentos-no-utilizados-todo-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-disposal-medicines/disposal-unused-medicines-what-you-should-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender los medicamentos: Qué son y para qué sirven" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meds.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extraer un medicamento de un frasco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000530.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000530.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farmacogenética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007794.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farmacogenética: Cómo las pruebas genéticas pueden guiar las decisiones que se toman sobre medicamentos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pharmacogenomics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pharmacogenomics.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos y los niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Medicinas, hierbas y suplementos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginformation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mezclar medicamentos y suplementos dietéticos puede poner en peligro su salud" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mezclar-medicamentos-y-suplementos-dieteticos-puede-poner-en-peligro-su-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mixing-medications-and-dietary-supplements-can-endanger-your-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitorización de fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de fármacos terapéuticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003430.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="No se pueden mezclar los suplementos herbarios con los medicamentos para el corazón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piénselo muy bien: Una guía para el control de los beneficios y riesgos de las medicinas" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/publicaciones-en-espanol-medicamentos/pienselo-muy-bien-una-guia-para-el-control-de-los-beneficios-y-riesgos-de-las-medicinas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs/think-it-through-managing-benefits-and-risks-medicines">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poder del placebo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-del-placebo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Productos biológicos biosimilares e intercambiables: Más opciones de tratamiento" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-biologicos-biosimilares-e-intercambiables-mas-opciones-de-tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/biosimilar-and-interchangeable-biologics-more-treatment-choices">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007795.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepa cómo tomar sus medicamentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/sepa-como-tomar-sus-medicamentos-use-medicines-wisely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/use-medicines-wisely">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistemas de administración de fármacos: Administración localizada de fármacos de manera controlada" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/sistemas-de-administraci%C3%B3n-de-f%C3%A1rmacos-administraci%C3%B3n-localizada-de">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar los medicamentos: Qué se le pregunta al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento intravenoso en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000496.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los medicamentos sin receta médica son distintos a los recetados. Ofrecen muchos beneficios pero también algunos riesgos. Entérese cómo se deben tomar." title="Medicamentos sin receta médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3800" language="Spanish" date-created="08/04/2004">
<also-called>Medicamentos de venta libre</also-called>
<also-called>Medicinas de venta libre</also-called>
<also-called>Medicinas sin receta médica</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios sin receta médica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos sin receta médica son medicamentos de venta libre que se pueden comprar sin receta médica. Algunas alivian el dolor y la picazón. Otras previenen o curan enfermedades, como las caries dentales o el pie de atleta. También ayudan a controlar problemas recurrentes, como las migrañas y alergias. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, la Administración de  Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA, por su sigla en inglés) decide si un medicamento es suficientemente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html"&gt;seguro&lt;/a&gt; y efectivo para ser vendido sin una receta médica. Esto le permite a usted tener un rol más activo en su cuidado de salud. Pero también tiene que ser cuidadoso para evitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;errores&lt;/a&gt;. Cerciórese de seguir las instrucciones de la etiqueta del medicamento. Si no entiende estas instrucciones, consulte con su farmacéutico o su proveedor de salud. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También tenga presente que existen algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;riesgos&lt;/a&gt; al tomar medicinas de venta libre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La medicina que está tomando puede interactuar con otras medicinas, suplementos, alimentos o bebidas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunas causan problemas en personas con determinadas afecciones médicas. Por ejemplo, las personas con hipertensión no deben tomar ciertos descongestionantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunas personas son alérgicas a ciertas medicinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muchas medicinas no son seguras durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;. Si está embarazada, hable con su médico antes de tomar cualquier medicina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sea cuidadoso antes de dar alguna medicina a su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html"&gt;hijo&lt;/a&gt;. Asegúrese de darle la dosis correcta. Si le está dando una medicina líquida, no use una cuchara de cocina. Utilice una cuchara con medidas o una taza que incluya medidas en cucharaditas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está tomando una medicina de venta libre y los síntomas no desaparecen, hable con su proveedor de salud. No debería tomar más de ese medicamento de venta libre o una dosis más alta que la recomendada en la etiqueta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799" language="English">Over-the-Counter Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" id="4060">Analgésicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html" id="5720">Errores en la administración de medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html" id="5604">Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6006">Medicamentos y los niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4962">Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html" id="1870">Seguridad de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acerca de sus medicinas</see-reference>
<site title="Almacenamiento de sus medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Analgésicos: Comprenda las opciones de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-analgesicos-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pain-relievers-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antihistamínicos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antihistaminicos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antihistamines-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiácidos y reductores de ácido: Alivio con medicamentos OTC (sin receta médica) para la acidez estomacal y el reflujo ácido" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antiacidos-y-reductores-de-acido-alivio-con-medicamentos-otc-para-la-acidez-estomacal-y-el-reflujo-acido/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antacids-and-acid-reducers-otc-relief-for-heartburn-and-acid-reflux/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprovechar al máximo su medicamento de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aprovechar-al-maximo-su-medicamento-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/getting-the-most-from-your-otc-medicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Combinación peligrosa: Los retos con medicamentos en las redes sociales" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/una-combinacion-peligrosa-los-retos-con-medicamentos-en-las-redes-sociales" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/recipe-danger-social-media-challenges-involving-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados con medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos para su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidados-con-medicamentos-para-el-resfrio-y-la-tos-para-su-hijo/?adfree=true/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/dos-and-donts-of-giving-otc-cough-and-cold-medicines-to-your-child/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo leer la etiqueta de información del medicamento de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-leer-la-etiqueta-de-informacion-del-medicamento-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/how-to-read-otc-drug-facts-label.printerview.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar medicinas de venta libre de manera segura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000882.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo y cuándo deshacerse de medicamentos no utilizados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los fármacos sin receta médica" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/f%C3%A1rmacos-o-sustancias/f%C3%A1rmacos-sin-receta-m%C3%A9dica/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-f%C3%A1rmacos-sin-receta-m%C3%A9dica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos de venta libre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002208.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos de venta libre y el embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-y-el-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/otc-medicines-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos de venta libre: Conozca sus riesgos y redúzcalos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-conozca-sus-riesgos-y-reduzcalos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/otc-medicines-know-your-risks-and-reduce-them/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Medicinas, hierbas y suplementos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginformation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de acetaminofén" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de salicilatos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-salicilatos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/salicylates-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones adversas al mezclar bebidas alcohólicas con medicamentos" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/reacciones-adversas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sepa cómo tomar sus medicamentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/sepa-como-tomar-sus-medicamentos-use-medicines-wisely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/use-medicines-wisely">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar los medicamentos: Qué se le pregunta al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso apropiado de medicinas sin receta médica o de venta libre" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/78300/download">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese cómo dar la cantidad de medicina correcta a un niño y evite errores o sobredosis. Los niños no son &quot;adultos pequeños&quot; cuando toman medicinas." title="Medicamentos y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6006" language="Spanish" date-created="04/30/2012">
<also-called>Cómo darle la medicina al niño</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios y los niños</also-called>
<also-called>Seguridad de los remedios y los niños</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los niños no son solo pequeños adultos. Es muy importante recordar esto al darles &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;. Darle a un niño la dosis incorrecta o un medicamento que no es para ellos puede tener efectos secundarios graves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las etiquetas (o prospecto adjunto) de los medicamentos recetados tienen una sección sobre "uso pediátrico" que indica si los efectos de esa medicina se han estudiado en niños. También señala las edades de los niños en el estudio. Algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos de venta libre&lt;/a&gt;, como los que tratan la fiebre y el dolor, se han estudiado para determinar su efectividad, seguridad o cantidad adecuada en los niños. Pero muchos otros no han sido estudiados. Es importante leer las etiquetas con cuidado para asegurarse de que el medicamento es el adecuado para su hijo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estas son algunas sugerencias para dar medicamentos en forma segura a su hijo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lea y siga las instrucciones de la etiqueta cada vez que use esa medicina&lt;/strong&gt;: Preste especial atención a las instrucciones de uso y advertencias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esté atento a posibles problemas&lt;/strong&gt;: Llame a su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico de inmediato si:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Nota nuevos síntomas o efectos secundarios inesperados en su hijo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El medicamento no parece estar funcionando cuando debería. Por ejemplo, los antibióticos pueden tardar unos días en comenzar a funcionar, pero un analgésico generalmente comienza a tener efecto poco después de que su hijo lo tome&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conozca las abreviaturas para las cantidades de medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cda: Cucharada (en inglés tbsp: tablespoon)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cdta: Cucharadita (en inglés tsp: teaspoon)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mg: Miligramo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ml: Mililitro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Oz: Onza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use el utensilio correcto para la dosis&lt;/strong&gt;: Si la etiqueta dice dos cucharaditas y usted está usando una taza dosificadora que mide las onzas, no intente adivinar cuántas cucharaditas serían. Obtenga el utensilio de medición adecuado. Tampoco use otra cosa, como una cuchara de cocina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Confirme con su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico antes de darle dos medicamentos al mismo tiempo&lt;/strong&gt;: De esta forma, puede evitar una posible sobredosis o una interacción no deseada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siga las recomendaciones de límite de edad y peso&lt;/strong&gt;: Si la etiqueta dice que no le dé a niños menores de cierta edad o peso, no lo haga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siempre use la tapa a prueba de niños y vuelva a cerrar el frasco después de cada uso&lt;/strong&gt;: Además, mantenga todos los medicamentos fuera del alcance de los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si tiene alguna pregunta hable con su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005" language="English">Medicines and Children</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" id="4060">Analgésicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750">Antibióticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3800">Medicamentos sin receta médica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4962">Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío</related-topic>
<see-reference>Niños y los medicamentos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Remedios y los niños</see-reference>
<site title="Cuándo dar medicina para la tos y el resfriado a los niños" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cuando-dar-medicina-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo administrarle medicamentos a su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a su hijo a tomar medicamentos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-medicine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-medicine.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dosis del ibuprofeno para los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dosis infantil de paracetamol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el resfriado y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el trastorno de hiperactividad y déficit de atención (THDA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007592.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos: Utilizarlos en forma segura" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medication-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medication-safety.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de acetaminofén" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niños y la seguridad con los medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000619.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paracetamol y los niños: Por qué la dosis es importante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peligro del abusar de los antibióticos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué son los medicamentos y para qué sirven (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/kidmedic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidmedic.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas médicas de antibióticos para niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/medication-safety/paginas/antibiotic-prescriptions-for-children.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de paracetamol (acetaminofén)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002598.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Medicare is the U.S. government's health insurance program for people age 65 and older. Medicare has four parts (A, B, C, and D). Read more." title="Medicare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicare.html" id="1257" language="English" date-created="05/25/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Medicare is the U.S. government's health insurance program for people age 65 or older. Some people under age 65 can qualify for Medicare, too. They include those with disabilities, permanent kidney failure, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Medicare helps with the cost of health care. It does not cover all medical expenses or the cost of most long-term care. The program has four parts:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part A is hospital insurance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part B helps pay for medical services that Part A doesn't cover&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part C is called Medicare Advantage. If you have Parts A and B, you can choose this option to receive all of your health care through a provider organization, like an HMO.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Part D is prescription drug coverage. It helps pay for some medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html" id="2027" language="Spanish">Medicare</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D054524">Medicare Part D</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006278">Medicare</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html" id="3186">Financial Assistance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html" id="274">Health Insurance</related-topic>
<see-reference>Insurance</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services" url="https://www.cms.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Claims, Appeals, and Complaints (Medicare)" url="https://www.medicare.gov/providers-services/claims-appeals-complaints" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/providers-services/claims-appeals-complaints">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costs in the coverage gap" url="https://www.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d/costs-for-medicare-drug-coverage/costs-in-the-coverage-gap" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d/costs-for-medicare-drug-coverage/costs-in-the-coverage-gap">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Coverage (Part D)" url="https://www.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Plan Coverage Rules" url="https://www.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d/what-medicare-part-d-drug-plans-cover/drug-plan-coverage-rules">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eligibility and Premium Calculator" url="https://www.medicare.gov/eligibilitypremiumcalc">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Medicare Works with Other Insurance" url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/coordination">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inpatient hospital care" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/inpatient-hospital-care" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/inpatient-hospital-care">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10043.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10943.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Social Security Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicare.gov" url="https://www.medicare.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Find and Compare Health Care Providers" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Talk to Someone" url="https://www.medicare.gov/talk-to-someone">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parts of Medicare" url="https://www.medicare.gov/basics/get-started-with-medicare/medicare-basics/parts-of-medicare" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/basics/get-started-with-medicare/medicare-basics/parts-of-medicare">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventive Visit and Yearly Wellness Exams" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Medicare%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Medicare+Part+D%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Medicare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000945.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Original Medicare covers" url="https://www.medicare.gov/providers-services/original-medicare" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/providers-services/original-medicare">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Medicare Coverage: Durable Medical Equipment (DME) Coverage" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/durable-medical-equipment-dme-coverage" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/durable-medical-equipment-coverage.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Medicare Coverage: Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) Therapy" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Medicare es el programa de seguro de salud del gobierno de los EE. UU. para personas mayores de 65 años. Tiene cuatro partes: A, B, C y D. Entérese aquí." title="Medicare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html" id="2027" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Medicare es el programa de seguro de salud del gobierno de los Estados Unidos para personas mayores de 65 años. Algunas personas menores de 65 años también pueden reunir los requisitos para Medicare, incluyendo a aquellas con discapacidades, insuficiencia renal permanente o esclerosis lateral amiotrófica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Medicare ayuda con el costo de la atención de la salud, pero no cubre todos los gastos médicos ni el costo de la mayoría de los cuidados a largo plazo. El programa tiene cuatro partes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La parte A es un seguro hospitalario. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La parte B ayuda a pagar los servicios médicos que la parte A no cubre. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La parte C se llama Medicare Advantage. Si usted tiene las partes A y B, se puede seleccionar esta opción para recibir toda la atención médica a través de una organización proveedora, como una HMO. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La parte D es la cobertura de medicamentos recetados. Ayuda a pagar algunas medicinas. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicare.html" id="1257" language="English">Medicare</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html" id="3187">Asistencia económica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html" id="1936">Seguro de salud</related-topic>
<see-reference>Seguros</see-reference>
<site title="Buscador de planes de Medicare" url="https://www.medicare.gov/plan-compare/#/?lang=es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cobertura de medicamentos (parte D)" url="https://es.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cobertura Medicare: Servicios de prevención y control" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/preventive-screening-services" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/preventive-screening-services">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consulta preventiva de bienvenida a Medicare" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/welcome-to-medicare-preventive-visit">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado a largo plazo ¿Está cubierto por Medicare?" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/long-term-care">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona Medicare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000945.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastos en el intervalo sin cobertura" url="https://es.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d/costs-for-medicare-drug-coverage/costs-in-the-coverage-gap" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d/costs-for-medicare-drug-coverage/costs-in-the-coverage-gap">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10943.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10043.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicare" url="https://es.medicare.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Cuidado de salud de pacientes internados" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/inpatient-hospital-care" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/inpatient-hospital-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Partes de Medicare" url="https://es.medicare.gov/basics/get-started-with-medicare/medicare-basics/parts-of-medicare" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/basics/get-started-with-medicare/medicare-basics/parts-of-medicare">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué cubre Medicare Original" url="https://es.medicare.gov/providers-services/original-medicare" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/providers-services/original-medicare">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reclamaciones, apelaciones y quejas" url="https://es.medicare.gov/providers-services/claims-appeals-complaints" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/providers-services/claims-appeals-complaints">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terminología del Seguro Social" url="https://www.ssa.gov/espanol/agencia/glosario/glosario-espanol-ingles.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Medicines cure infection, prevent problems, and ease pain. Medicines can also cause harm if not used correctly. Learn about medication errors." title="Medication Errors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html" id="5719" language="English" date-created="11/23/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html"&gt;Medicines&lt;/a&gt; treat infectious diseases, prevent problems from chronic diseases, and ease pain. But medicines can also cause harmful &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;reactions&lt;/a&gt; if not used correctly. Errors can happen in the hospital, at the health care provider's office, at the pharmacy, or at home.  You can help prevent errors by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Knowing your medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; When you get a prescription, ask the name of the medicine and check to make sure that the pharmacy gave you the right medicine. Make sure that you understand how often you should take the medicine and how long you should take it.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keeping a list of medicines.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Write down all of the medicines that you are taking, including the names of your medicines, how much you take, and when you take them. Make sure to include any &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;over-the-counter medicines&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;supplements&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;herbs&lt;/a&gt; that you take.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;List the medicines that you are allergic to or that have caused you problems in the past.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Take this list with you every time you see a health care provider.&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reading medicine labels and following the directions.&lt;/strong&gt; Don't just rely on your memory - read the medication label every time.  Be especially careful when giving medicines to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asking questions.&lt;/strong&gt; If you don't know the answers to these questions, ask your health care provider or pharmacist:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Why am I taking this medicine?&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;What are the common side effects?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;What should I do if I have side effects?&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;When should I stop this medicine?&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;Can I take this medicine with the other medicines and supplements on my list?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Do I need to avoid certain foods or alcohol while taking this medicine?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html" id="5720" language="Spanish">Errores en la administración de medicamentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063487">Prescription Drug Misuse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008508">Medication Errors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html" id="5603">Drug Reactions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005">Medicines and Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799">Over-the-Counter Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616">Patient Safety</related-topic>
<see-reference>Drug Errors</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Medication Errors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Medication+Errors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help prevent hospital errors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How and when to get rid of unused medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping your medicines organized" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000600.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="List of Confused Drug Names" url="https://home.ecri.org/blogs/ismp-resources/list-of-confused-drug-names">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Institute for Safe Medication Practices</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication safety - Filling your prescription" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000766.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000766.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication safety during your hospital stay" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000501.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines: Using Them Safely (for Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medication-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medication-safety.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication Errors" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Medication+Errors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Prescription+Drug+Misuse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up: About Your Medications" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/about-your-medications/speak-up-about-your-meds-85-x-14-4824.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/speakup_med_mistakes_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Storing your medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking medicine at home - create a routine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000613.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking medicines - what to ask your provider" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Medicines Safely As You Age" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medicines-and-medication-management/taking-medicines-safely-you-age" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/medicinas/adultos-mayores-uso-seguro-medicamentos">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Use Medicines Safely" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/safety/use-medicines-safely" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/precauciones-seguridad/toma-medicamentos-forma-segura">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La medicina complementaria e integrativa, también llamada medicina alternativa, aplica tratamientos que no forman parte de la medicina convencional." title="Medicina complementaria e integral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="1735" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchos estadounidenses usan tratamientos que no son parte de la medicina tradicional o convencional. Estos tratamientos pueden llamarse complementarios, integrativos o alternativos.  &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La medicina complementaria se usa junto con la medicina convencional. Por ejemplo, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuntura&lt;/a&gt; puede aliviar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento para el cáncer. Cuando doctores u hospitales brindan ambos tipos de cuidados juntos y de forma coordinada, se llama medicina integral. Cuando no se usa junto con la medicina convencional se le llama alternativa.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los beneficios de estos tratamientos no tradicionales pueden sonar promisorios. Sin embargo, los investigadores no conocen la seguridad de muchos tratamientos de medicina alternativa ni saben si funcionan bien. Se están realizando estudios para determinar la seguridad y la utilidad de muchas de estas prácticas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para reducir los riesgos de un tratamiento no tradicional:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hable con su doctor. Estos tratamientos pueden interactuar con ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infórmese sobre qué dicen los estudios científicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Elija los profesionales con mucho cuidado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuéntele a su doctor o profesional todos los tratamientos que usted este usando&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Terapias complementarias y alternativas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132" language="English">Complementary and Integrative Medicine</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCCAM">Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html" id="3072">Acupuntura</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951">Medicina herbaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html" id="2728">Quiropráctica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3193">Terapia alternativa para el cáncer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Homeopatía</see-reference>
<see-reference>Medicina complementaria</see-reference>
<site title="Bicicleta, Pilates y yoga: Cómo se mantiene activa una mujer" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/bicicleta-pilates-y-yoga-como-se-mantiene-activa-una-mujer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/biking-pilates-and-yoga-how-one-woman-stays-active">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biorretroalimentación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca la ciencia: Los hechos sobre las noticias de salud" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/historias-de-salud-en-noticias/lista-de-comprobacion-para-entender-las-noticias-de-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/facts-health-news-stories/complementary-health-approaches-in-the-news">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos a la hora de hablar: Seis aspectos que debe conocer al elegir un profesional de medicina complementaria" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consideraciones en un enfoque complementario para la salud" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consideraciones-en-un-enfoque-complementario-para-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/are-you-considering-a-complementary-health-approach">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar y evaluar recursos en línea" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/como-encontrar-y-evaluar-recursos-en-linea" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="De los opioides a la atención plena: Un nuevo enfoque para el dolor crónico" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/de-los-opioides-a-la-atencion-plena-un-nuevo-enfoque-para-el-dolor-cronico" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/from-opioids-to-mindfulness-a-new-approach-to-chronic-pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipnosis para la salud: ¿El trance puede funcionar?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/hipnosis-para-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/hypnosis-health">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina alternativa y complementaria (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/comp-alt-medicine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/comp-alt-medicine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integral" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/complementary-alternative-medicine/about/pac-20393581?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/complementary-alternative-medicine/in-depth/alternative-medicine/art-20046087?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meditación" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/meditacion/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meditación: Una manera simple y rápida de reducir el estrés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Hierbas y suplementos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/herb_All.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/herb_All.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Música y salud: lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/musica-y-salud" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/music-and-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud sonora: La música nos pone en movimiento y mucho más" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/salud-sonora" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/01/sound-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seis palabras sobre enfoques complementarios para la salud que a menudo se malentienden" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/comience-el-cuestionario">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tai Chi y la salud: Un enfoque moderno para una práctica antigua" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-tai-chi-y-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/12/tai-chi-your-health">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Un relato personal: Selene Suárez" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-relato-personal-selene-suarez" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/personal-story-selene-suarez">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yoga para la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yoga para la salud: Posicionar su cuerpo y mente" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/yoga-para-la-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/11/yoga-health">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Podría ayudarle un tratamiento de salud complementario?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/podria-ayudarle-un-tratamiento-de-salud-complementario" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/could-a-complementary-health-treatment-help-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las hierbas medicinales son un tipo de suplemento dietético. Se venden en forma de tabletas, cápsulas, polvos, tés, extractos y plantas. Entérese aquí." title="Medicina herbaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Suplementos de hierbas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una hierba es una planta o una parte de una planta que se usa por su aroma, sabor o propiedades terapéuticas.  Los productos de la medicina herbolaria son  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplementos dietéticos&lt;/a&gt;. Se venden como píldoras, cápsulas, polvos, tés, extractos o como plantas frescas o secas. Las personas las  toman para mejorar su salud.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos creen que los productos etiquetados "natural" son siempre seguros y buenos para ellos. Esto no es necesariamente cierto. Las hierbas medicinales no pasan por el mismo control y pruebas que las medicinas convencionales. Ciertas hierbas, como la consuelda y efedra pueden causar daños severos. Algunas hierbas pueden interactuar con medicamentos de receta o de venta libre.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted está considerando usar hierbas medicinales, primero busque información de fuentes confiables. Asegúrese de avisarle a su médico sobre cualquier hierba que este tomando.  &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Terapias complementarias y alternativas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html" id="1246" language="English">Herbal Medicine</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCCAM">Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="1735">Medicina complementaria e integral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html" id="3539">Suplementos en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3193">Terapia alternativa para el cáncer</related-topic>
<site title="Drogas, hierbas y suplementos dietéticos" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/drogas-hierbas-y-suplementos-dieteticos.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinacea: ¿Qué debo saber sobre esto?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/equinacea-que-debo-saber-sobre-esto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/echinacea-what-should-i-know-about-it/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía sobre las hierbas medicinales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000868.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Hierbas y suplementos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/herb_All.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/herb_All.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Natural no necesariamente significa seguro o mejor" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/natural-no-necesariamente-significa-seguro-o-mejor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="No se pueden mezclar los suplementos herbarios con los medicamentos para el corazón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos y suplementos herbales para la salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/productos-de-hierbas-y-suplementos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/herbal-health-products-and-supplements/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tenga cuidado si está embarazada y toma medicamentos. Algunas medicinas sin receta, hierbas y suplementos podrían causar daños. Entérese aquí." title="Medicinas durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579" language="Spanish" date-created="08/04/2010">
<also-called>Medicamentos durante el embarazo</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios durante el embarazo</also-called>
<also-called>Uso de medicamentos durante el embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;No todos los medicamentos son seguros para tomar cuando usted está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazada&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos pueden dañar a su bebé. Estos incluyen los medicamentos de venta libre o con receta, hierbas y suplementos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siempre hable con su doctor antes de comenzar o dejar de tomar algún medicamento.  A veces, no usar un remedio puede ser más perjudicial para usted y para su bebé que tomarlo. Por ejemplo, muchas mujeres embarazadas que tienen diabetes, asma, convulsiones y acidez estomacal toman medicamentos de receta. La decisión de tomarlos o no depende de los riesgos y beneficios. Usted y su proveedor de cuidados de salud deberían tomar esta decisión juntos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las mujeres embarazadas no deberían tomar vitaminas regulares ya que podrían tener demasiado o muy poco de las vitaminas que necesitan. Existen vitaminas especiales para las mujeres embarazadas. Es importante tomar 0.4 mg de ácido fólico todos los días antes de quedar embarazada y al principio de su embarazo. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt; ayuda a prevenir problemas congénitos del cerebro y la columna vertebral. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5578" language="English">Pregnancy and Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104">Embarazo y consumo de sustancias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/preconceptioncare.html" id="4456">Preconcepción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html" id="2124">Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901">Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Embarazo, Medicamentos</see-reference>
<site title="Abatacept (Orencia) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/abatacept-orencia/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso de medicamentos recetados" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/abuso-medicamentos-recetados.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Accutane  y otros retinoides" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/accutane-y-otros-retinoides.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/isotretinoin-and-other-retinoids-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acetaminofén (paracetamol) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-acetaminofen/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acido valproico y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-acido-valproico/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/valproic-acid-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adalimumab (Humira®) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/adalimumab-humira/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos: ¿Son seguros durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bupropión (Wellbutrin) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/bupropion-wellbutrin/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/bupropion-wellbutrin-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corticosteroides inhalados (ICS, por sus siglas en inglés) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/los-corticosteroides-inhalados-icss/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inhaled-corticosteroids-icss-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drogas, hierbas y suplementos dietéticos" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/drogas-hierbas-y-suplementos-dieteticos.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y el uso de opioides: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y medicamentos" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-and-medicines">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinácea y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-echinacea-echinacea-purpurea/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/echinacea-preparations-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etanercept (Enbrel) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/etanercept-enbrel/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/etanercept-enbrel-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposiciones paternas y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/exposiciones-paternas/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finasteride (Propecia/Proscar) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/finasteride/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/finasteride/">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ibuprofeno y embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/ibuprofeno/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/ibuprofen-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isotretinoína (Accutane) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-isotretinoina-accutane/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/isotretinoin-accutane-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Litio y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/litio/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/lithium-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos antivirales para tratar y/o prevenir la influenza (gripe) durante el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/medicamentos-antivirales-para-tratarprevenir-la-influenza-gripa/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/antiviral.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos de venta libre y el embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-y-el-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/otc-medicines-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos y el embarazo" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/las-medicinas-y-el-embarazo-medicine-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/medicine-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metformina y embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-metformina/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/metformin-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mirtazapina (Remeron) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/mirtazapine-remeron-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Montelukast y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/montelukast/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/montelukast-singulair-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pseudoefedrina, fenilefrina y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/pseudoefedrina-fenilefrina/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/pseudoephedrine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de los medicamentos durante el embarazo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/medicaci%c3%b3n-y-consumo-de-sustancias-durante-el-embarazo/seguridad-de-los-medicamentos-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talidomida y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/talidomida/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/thalidomide-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos tópicos para el acné y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/tratamientos-topicos-para-el-acne/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/topical-acne-treatments-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna del VPH y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-vacuna-del-vph/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hpv-vaccine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la mejor forma de tratar la candidosis vaginal durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/faq-20058355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/FAQ-20058355?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es seguro tomar ablandadores de heces para tratar el estreñimiento durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es seguro tomar antibióticos durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/antibiotics-and-pregnancy/faq-20058542?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/antibiotics-and-pregnancy/faq-20058542?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es seguro tomar Claritin u otros antialérgicos durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/allergy-medications/faq-20058122?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/allergy-medications/faq-20058122?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Quién necesita tomar medicamentos para el colesterol? ¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de medicamentos para el colesterol? Entérese aquí." title="Medicinas para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6812" language="Spanish" date-created="02/15/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su organismo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El colesterol se produce en su hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, colesterol de baja densidad, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt; lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias.  El colesterol de alta densidad, o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt; en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el colesterol alto?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene colesterol alto, cambios saludables en el estilo de vida pueden ayudarle a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;bajar sus niveles de colesterol&lt;/a&gt;. Pero, a veces, estos cambios no son suficientes y debe tomar medicinas para bajar el colesterol. De todas maneras, debe seguir con los cambios en el estilo de vida a pesar de que esté tomando medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita tomar medicamentos para el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicinas para bajar el colesterol si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ya ha tenido un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, o tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad arterial periférica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) es de 190 mg/dL o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene entre 40 y 75 años, tiene diabetes y su nivel de colesterol malo es de 70 mg/dL o más&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene entre 40 y 75 años, tiene un alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardíaca o accidente cerebrovascular, y su nivel de colesterol malo es de 70 mg/dL o mayor&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de medicamentos para el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tipos de medicamentos disponibles para reducir el colesterol, que incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html"&gt;Estatinas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Reducen la cantidad de colesterol producido en el hígado. También aumentan la capacidad del hígado para eliminar el colesterol LDL que ya se encuentra en la sangre. Las estatinas son los medicamentos más comunes utilizados para tratar el colesterol &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Secuestradores de ácidos biliares&lt;/strong&gt;: Impiden que el cuerpo absorba los ácidos biliares, que digieren las grasas y los aceites. Pero su cuerpo necesita ácidos biliares, por lo que su hígado producirá más. Los produce descomponiendo el colesterol malo, por lo que ayuda a reducir el colesterol LDL. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle estos medicamentos si no puede tomar estatinas o si las estatinas por sí solas no bajan lo suficiente su colesterol&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inhibidores de la absorción de colesterol&lt;/strong&gt;: Bloquean la forma en que su cuerpo absorbe el colesterol. También se usan si no puede tomar estatinas o si las estatinas por sí solas no bajan lo suficiente su colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ácido nicotínico (niacina)&lt;/strong&gt;: Tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B&lt;/a&gt;. Reduce la cantidad de grasas producidas por el hígado, lo que baja el colesterol LDL y los triglicéridos. La niacina, además, aumenta el colesterol HDL. Aunque puede comprar niacina sin receta médica, debe hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de tomarla. Las dosis altas de niacina pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios graves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inhibidores de la PCSK9&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas medicinas se inyectan en su piel. Bloquean una proteína llamada PCSK9. Esto ayuda a su hígado a remover y eliminar el colesterol malo de su sangre. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle un inhibidor de PCSK9 y una estatina si tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir complicaciones como un ataque cardíaco o un accidente cerebrovascular, o si tiene hipercolesterolemia familiar, un trastorno hereditario que provoca niveles muy altos de colesterol en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fibratos&lt;/strong&gt;: Reducen los triglicéridos de varias formas complejas, incluyendo la reducción de la cantidad de triglicéridos producidos por el hígado. También pueden ayudar a aumentar el colesterol HDL y puede bajar un poco los niveles de LDL. Si los toma con estatinas, podría aumentar el riesgo de efectos secundarios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos combinados&lt;/strong&gt;:Incluyen más de un tipo de medicina para bajar el colesterol. También hay medicamentos combinados que pueden tratar tanto la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; como el colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También hay otros medicamentos para el colesterol (lomitapide y mipomersen) que son solo para personas que tienen hipercolesterolemia familiar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo decide mi profesional de la salud qué medicamento para el colesterol debo tomar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al decidir qué medicamento debe tomar y qué dosis necesita, su proveedor de atención médica considerará:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus niveles de colesterol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca y accidente cerebrovascular (derrame cerebral o ACV)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cualquier otro problema de salud que tenga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Posibles efectos secundarios de los medicamentos. Las dosis más altas tienen más probabilidades de causar efectos secundarios, especialmente con el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar su colesterol, pero no lo curan. Debe seguir tomando sus medicamentos y hacerse controles de colesterol regulares para asegurarse de que sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;niveles de colesterol&lt;/a&gt; se encuentren en un rango saludable.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811" language="English">Cholesterol Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html" id="6810">Cómo bajar su colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" id="4910">Estatinas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782">Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html" id="4278">Triglicéridos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colesterol, Medicinas</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo tomar las estatinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estatinas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibratos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para bajar el colesterol" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-para-reducir-el-colesterol/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el colesterol: Considere las opciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol-medications/art-20050958?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol-medications/art-20050958?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacina para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Secuestrantes de ácidos biliares para el colesterol (resinas)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000787.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento farmacológico para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen cinco tipos de medicinas o tratamientos para el VIH y el sida. No curan el VIH o el sida, pero combaten la infección. Entérese sobre estos medicamentos." title="Medicinas para el VIH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html" id="4288" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2006">
<also-called>Medicamentos para el VIH</also-called>
<also-called>Medicamentos para el sida</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios para el VIH</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios para el sida</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir las células CD4, un tipo de glóbulo blanco que combate las infecciones. La pérdida de estas células hace más difícil el luchar contra las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt; y ciertos tipos de cáncer relacionados con el VIH.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin tratamiento, el VIH puede destruir de a poco el sistema inmunitario y convertirse en sida, o síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Es la etapa final de la infección con VIH. No todas las personas con VIH desarrollan sida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la terapia antirretroviral?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento con medicamentos para el VIH se llama terapia antirretroviral (TAR). Consiste en tomar una combinación de medicinas todos los días. Se recomienda para todas las personas que tienen VIH. Los medicamentos no curan la infección por VIH, pero ayudan a personas con VIH a vivir una vida más larga y saludable. También reducen el riesgo de propagar el virus a otros.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo funcionan los medicamentos para el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos para el VIH reducen la cantidad de VIH, o carga viral, en su cuerpo, lo que ayuda al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entregar a su sistema inmunitario la oportunidad de recuperarse. Aunque todavía hay algo de VIH en su cuerpo, su sistema inmunitario debe ser lo suficientemente fuerte como para combatir las infecciones y ciertos tipos de cáncer relacionados con el VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir el riesgo de transmitir el VIH a otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de medicamentos para el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tipos diferentes de medicamentos contra el VIH. Algunos funcionan bloqueando o cambiando las enzimas que el VIH necesita para hacer copias de sí mismo. Esto evita que el VIH se copie, lo que reduce la cantidad de VIH en el cuerpo. Varios medicamentos hacen esto:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa análogo de los nucleósidos (ITIN):&lt;/strong&gt; Bloquean una enzima llamada transcriptasa inversa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa no análogo de los nucleósidos (ITINN):&lt;/strong&gt; Se unen a la enzima transcriptasa inversa y luego la cambian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inhibidores de la integrasa (también llamados inhibidores de transferencia de cadenas de integrasa, o INSTI):&lt;/strong&gt; Bloquean una enzima llamada integrasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inhibidores de la proteasa:&lt;/strong&gt; Bloquean una enzima llamada proteasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos tipos de medicamentos para el VIH y sida interfieren con la capacidad del VIH para infectar las células CD4 del sistema inmunitario:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los inhibidores de fusión&lt;/strong&gt; impiden que el VIH ingrese a las células&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los antagonistas de CCR5 y los inhibidores posfijación&lt;/strong&gt; bloquean diferentes moléculas en las células CD4. Para infectar una célula, el VIH tiene que unirse a dos tipos de moléculas en la superficie de la célula. El bloqueo de cualquiera de estas moléculas evita que el VIH ingrese a las células&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los inhibidores de la unión&lt;/strong&gt; se unen a una proteína específica en la superficie externa del VIH. Esto evita que el VIH ingrese a la célula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;potenciadores farmacocinéticos&lt;/strong&gt; son otro tipo de medicina. A veces se toman junto con otros medicamentos para el VIH. Los potenciadores farmacocinéticos aumentan la eficacia del otro medicamento. Trabajan enlenteciendo la descomposición de la otra medicina que se está tomando. Esto permite que la medicina permanezca en una concentración más alta en el cuerpo por más tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También hay &lt;strong&gt;combinaciones de múltiples medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; que incluyen una combinación de dos o más tipos diferentes de medicamentos contra el VIH.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo debo comenzar a tomar medicamentos para el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es importante comenzar a tomar medicamentos para el VIH lo antes posible después del diagnóstico, especialmente si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene sida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertas enfermedades e infecciones relacionadas con el VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una infección temprana o aguda por VIH (los primeros 6 meses después de la infección por VIH)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué más debo saber sobre tomar medicamentos para el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted y su profesional de la salud trabajarán juntos para elaborar un plan de tratamiento personalizado. Este plan se basará en muchos factores, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los posibles efectos secundarios de los medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las posibles &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;interacciones&lt;/a&gt; que pueda tener con otras medicinas que esté tomando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuántas medicinas deba tomar cada día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante tomar sus medicamentos todos los días, siguiendo las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud. Si omite dosis o no sigue un horario regular, es posible que su tratamiento no funcione y que el virus del VIH se vuelva resistente a los medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos para el VIH pueden causar efectos secundarios. La mayoría de estos efectos son manejables, pero algunos pueden ser serios. Dígale a su profesional de la salud sobre cualquier efecto secundario que esté teniendo. No deje de tomar su medicamento sin antes hablar con su médico. Puede haber pasos que pueda tomar para ayudar a controlar los efectos secundarios. En algunos casos, su proveedor puede decidir cambiar sus medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los medicamentos PrEP y PEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos contra el VIH no solo se utilizan para el tratamiento. Algunas personas los toman para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html"&gt;prevenir el VIH&lt;/a&gt;. La PrEP (profilaxis previa a la exposición) es para personas que aún no tienen VIH pero que tienen un riesgo muy alto de contraerlo. La PEP (profilaxis posterior a la exposición) es para personas que posiblemente hayan estado expuestas al VIH.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los NIH&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html" id="4287" language="English">HIV Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729">Viviendo con VIH</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sida, Medicinas</see-reference>
<see-reference>VIH, Medicinas</see-reference>
<site title="3 cosas para saber acerca del tratamiento del VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/3-cosas-para-saber-acerca-del-tratamiento-del-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/three-things-know-about-hiv-treatment">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Base de datos de medicamentos" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/drugs" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/drugs">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Info (en español)" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cumplimiento del régimen de tratamiento del VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/cumplimiento-del-regimen-de-tratamiento-del-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-adherence">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo empezar el tratamiento antirretroviral" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/cuando-empezar-el-tratamiento-antirretroviral" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/when-start-hiv-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar un régimen inicial para el tratamiento del VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/con-que-empezar-como-seleccionar-un-regimen-inicial-para-el" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-start-choosing-hiv-treatment-regimen">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tomar medicamentos para el VIH" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-tomar-medicamentos-para-el-vih/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la acidosis láctica" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-acidosis-lactica" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-lactic-acidosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la diabetes" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la erupción cutánea" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-erupcion-cutanea" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-rash">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la lipodistrofia" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-lipodistrofia" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-lipodystrophy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la osteoporosis" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facilitando el tratamiento contra el VIH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/facilitando-el-tratamiento-contra-el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/making-it-easier-to-get-hiv-treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fármacos que combaten el VIH" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/hivpillbrochurespanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/hivpillbrochure.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de la Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección por el VIH y la hepatotoxicidad" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-hepatotoxicidad" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatotoxicity">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos contra el VIH autorizados por la FDA" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/medicamentos-contra-el-vih-autorizados-por-la-fda" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/fda-approved-hiv-medicines">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos contra el VIH y sus efectos secundarios" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/medicamentos-contra-el-vih-y-sus-efectos-secundarios" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-medicines-and-side-effects">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtenga información útil sobre los medicamentos contra el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Medicines_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Medicines_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de carga viral en plasma" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/prueba-de-carga-viral-en-plasma/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resistencia a los medicamentos" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/resistencia-los-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/drug-resistance">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguimiento de un régimen de tratamiento del VIH: Pasos a seguir antes y después de empezar los medicamentos contra el VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/seguimiento-de-un-regimen-de-tratamiento-del-vih-pasos-seguir-antes-y" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/following-hiv-treatment-regimen-steps-take-and-after-starting-hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH: PrEP y PEP: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un medicamento contra el VIH en fase de investigación?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-un-medicamento-contra-el-vih-en-fase-de-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-investigational-hiv-drug">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una interacción medicamentosa?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-una-interaccion-medicamentosa" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-drug-interaction">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los medicamentos para la diabetes pueden ayudar a controlar su enfermedad. Las medicinas adecuadas dependen del tipo de diabetes que tenga." title="Medicinas para la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4936" language="Spanish" date-created="03/23/2009">
<also-called>Medicamentos para la diabetes</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios para la diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de &lt;a href="../spanish/bloodsugar.html" tid="6122"&gt;glucosa (azúcar) de la sangre&lt;/a&gt; están muy altos. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, el cuerpo no produce insulina. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;,  el cuerpo no la produce o no la usa bien. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa no puede ingresar a sus células tan rápido como de costumbre. La glucosa se acumula y causa niveles altos de azúcar en la sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la diabetes pueden depender del tipo. Los tratamientos comunes incluyen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;plan de alimentación para diabéticos&lt;/a&gt;, actividad física regular y medicamentos. Algunos tratamientos menos comunes son la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;cirugía para bajar de peso&lt;/a&gt; para ambos tipos y, para algunas personas con diabetes tipo 1, un páncreas artificial o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de islotes pancreáticos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita medicinas para la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con diabetes tipo 1 necesitan tomar una medicina para la diabetes llamada insulina para controlar su azúcar en la sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con diabetes tipo 2 pueden controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre con una dieta saludable y actividad física. Pero para otros, un plan de alimentación para diabéticos y el ejercicio no son suficientes, por lo que deben tomar medicamentos para la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tipo de medicamento que tome depende del tipo de diabetes, horario diario, costos de medicamentos y cualquier otra afección de salud que tenga. Con el tiempo, es posible que deba tomar más de un medicamento para la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 1?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene diabetes tipo 1, debe usar insulina porque su cuerpo ya no la produce. Existen diferentes tipos de insulina que comienzan a funcionar a diferentes velocidades, y los efectos de cada uno duran un período de tiempo diferente. Su médico le medirá la glucosa en sangre para decidir el tipo de insulina. Es posible que necesite utilizar más de un tipo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También deberá controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre en casa. Su proveedor de atención médica le dirá con qué frecuencia. Los resultados de sus pruebas de azúcar en la sangre pueden ayudarlo a tomar decisiones sobre alimentos, actividad física y medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede tomar insulina de varias formas diferentes. Las más comunes son con una jeringa, una pluma o una bomba. Si usa una jeringa o una pluma (también llamada lápiz de insulina), debe inyectarse varias veces durante el día, incluso con las comidas. Una bomba de insulina le administra dosis pequeñas y constantes durante el día. Las formas menos comunes de tomar insulina incluyen inhaladores, puertos de inyección e inyectores tipo jet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En casos raros, tomar solo insulina puede no ser suficiente para controlar el azúcar en la sangre, por lo que necesitaría tomar otro medicamento para la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen varios medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2. Cada uno funciona de manera diferente. Muchos de ellos son pastillas. También hay medicamentos que se inyectan en la piel, como la insulina.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, es posible que necesite más de un medicamento para controlar el azúcar en la sangre. Puede agregar otra medicina para la diabetes o cambiar a un medicamento combinado. Un medicamento combinado contiene más de un tipo de medicina para la diabetes en una pastilla. Algunas personas con diabetes tipo 2 necesitan píldoras e inyecciones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Incluso si generalmente no toma insulina, es posible que la necesite en ciertos momentos, como durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; o si está en el hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué más debo saber sobre tomar medicinas para la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aun si toma medicamentos para la diabetes, debe seguir una dieta saludable, no fumar, tomar sus otras medicinas y hacer actividad física regularmente. Esto le ayudará a controlar su diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante comprender su plan de tratamiento de la diabetes. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuál es su nivel objetivo de azúcar en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Qué hacer si su nivel de azúcar en la sangre baja o sube demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si sus medicamentos para la diabetes afectarán a otros medicamentos que toma&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si va a tener cualquier efecto secundario por los medicamentos para la diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No debe cambiar ni suspender sus medicamentos para la diabetes por su cuenta. Hable primero con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html" id="4935" language="English">Diabetes Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6027">Diabetes en niños y adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html" id="1985">Diabetes tipo 1</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html" id="5931">Diabetes tipo 2</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes, Medicinas</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agonistas del GLP-1: Fármacos para la diabetes y pérdida de peso" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/byetta/faq-20057955?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/byetta/FAQ-20057955?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplicar una inyección de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000660.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bombas de insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000963.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales por nivel bajo de azúcar en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000085.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes tipo 2" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/intensive-insulin-therapy/ART-20043866?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes: Terapia con insulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000965.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000965.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes: Terapia con insulina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/terapia-con-insulina/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/insulin-therapy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre el almacenamiento de insulina y el cambio entre productos durante una emergencia" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/emergency-preparedness-drugs/informacion-sobre-el-almacenamiento-de-insulina-y-el-cambio-entre-productos-durante-una-emergencia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulina y el aumento de peso" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/insulin-and-weight-gain/art-20047836?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/insulin-and-weight-gain/ART-20047836?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulina, medicamentos y otros tratamientos para la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/insulina-medicamentos-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/insulin-medicines-treatments">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos orales para la diabetes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-orales-para-la-diabetes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-treatment/art-20051004?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-treatment/art-20051004?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mejor forma de desechar agujas usadas y otros objetos punzantes" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel/la-mejor-forma-de-desechar-agujas-usadas-y-otros-objetos-punzantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel/best-way-get-rid-used-needles-and-other-sharps">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de hipoglucémicos orales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002588.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenga cuidado con los tratamientos que se venden ilegalmente para la diabetes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-los-tratamientos-que-se-comercializan-ilegalmente-para-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-illegally-marketed-diabetes-treatments-fraudulent-pharmacies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de insulina" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/about/tipos-de-insulina.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Uno de cada tres adultos en el país tiene presión alta. Los cambios en el estilo de vida y medicinas pueden ayudar a bajar su hipertensión. Entérese aquí." title="Medicinas para la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4940" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2009">
<also-called>Medicamentos para la hipertensión</also-called>
<also-called>Medicinas para la presión sanguínea</also-called>
<also-called>Medicinas para la tensión arterial</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios para la presión</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, también llamada hipertensión, ocurre cuando la sangre ejerce demasiada presión contra las paredes de las arterias. Casi la mitad de los estadounidenses adultos tiene presión arterial alta, generalmente sin síntomas. Sin embargo, esta puede causar problemas graves como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;fallo cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a bajar la presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;Cambios saludables en el estilo de vida&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a bajar la presión arterial alta, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Perder peso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Estar físicamente activo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controlar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Reducir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sodio &lt;/a&gt; en su dieta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;tabaco&lt;/a&gt; y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir lo suficiente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre si los cambios en el estilo de vida por sí solos no pueden bajar la presión arterial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, los cambios en el estilo de vida por sí solos no pueden controlar o reducir su presión arterial alta. En este caso, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos para la presión arterial.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo actúan los medicamentos para la presión arterial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos para la presión arterial más comunes actúan de diferentes maneras para reducir la presión arterial:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina II&lt;/strong&gt; evitan que los vasos sanguíneos se estrechen demasiado y permiten que la sangre se mueva por ellos con menos presión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;bloqueadores de los canales de calcio&lt;/strong&gt; evitan que el calcio ingrese a las células musculares del corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Esto permite que los vasos sanguíneos se relajen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;betabloqueantes&lt;/strong&gt; ayudan a que su corazón lata más lento y con menos fuerza. Esto significa que su corazón bombea menos sangre a través de sus vasos sanguíneos. En general, los bloqueadores beta se usan solo como una opción de respaldo o si también tiene otras afecciones específicas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;diuréticos&lt;/strong&gt; eliminan el exceso de agua y sodio (sal) de su cuerpo. Esto reduce la cantidad de líquido en su sangre. A menudo, los diuréticos se usan con otros medicamentos para la presión arterial alta, a veces en una sola píldora combinada&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;A menudo, dos o más medicamentos funcionan mejor que uno. Si estos medicamentos no reducen su presión arterial lo suficiente, su profesional de la salud puede sugerir que tome otro tipo de medicamento para la presión arterial.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mientras toma los medicamentos, es importante mantenerse al día con los cambios saludables en su estilo de vida. Hacer ambas cosas ayuda a mantener la presión arterial más baja que los cambios en el estilo de vida o los medicamentos por sí solos.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4939" language="English">Blood Pressure Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html" id="1955">Presión arterial alta</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hipertensión, Medicamentos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presión arterial, Medicinas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presión sanguínea, Medicinas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presión, Remedios</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tensión arterial, Medicinas</see-reference>
<site title="Agentes de acción central" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/art-20044451?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/ART-20044451?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alfabloqueantes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/alpha-blockers/art-20044214?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/alpha-blockers/ART-20044214?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Betabloqueantes" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/betabloqueantes/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Betabloqueantes: ¿Causan aumento de peso?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/faq-20058385?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/FAQ-20058385?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueadores de los canales de calcio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/art-20047605?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/calcium-channel-blockers/ART-20047605?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueantes cálcicos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/bloqueantes-calcicos/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Meds/calcmeds.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueantes de los receptores de la angiotensina II" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/bloqueantes-de-los-receptores-de-la-angiotensina-ii/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuréticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diureticos/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuréticos y gota: ¿Qué relación existe entre ambos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/faq-20058146?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/expert-answers/diuretics-and-gout/FAQ-20058146?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuréticos: ¿Una causa de la disminución del nivel de potasio?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058432?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058432?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir medicamentos correctos para la presión arterial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/art-20046280?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/ART-20046280?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la ECA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/ace-inhibitors/art-20047480?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/ace-inhibitors/ART-20047480?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (ECA)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/inhibidores-de-la-enzima-convertidora-de-la-angiotensina-eca/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicación para controlar la presión arterial: ¿Es necesaria aún si bajo de peso?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medication/faq-20058056?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medication/FAQ-20058056?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos antihipertensivos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007484.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la presión arterial alta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-para-la-presion-arterial-alta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la presión arterial: ¿pueden elevar mis triglicéridos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medications/faq-20057975?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure-medications/FAQ-20057975?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="No se pueden mezclar los suplementos herbarios con los medicamentos para el corazón" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de betabloqueadores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002578.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de bloqueadores de los canales del calcio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002580.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de tiacida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002577.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos de calcio: ¿interfieren con los fármacos para la presión arterial?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/faq-20058266?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/calcium-supplements/FAQ-20058266?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasodilatadores" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/art-20048154?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-medication/ART-20048154?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Hay diferentes medicamentos para el resfriado y la tos, los que ayudan a mejorar diversos síntomas. Entérese sobre los remedios y cuándo debería tomarlos." title="Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4962" language="Spanish" date-created="09/15/2009">
<also-called>Medicamentos para la tos y el resfrío</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios para el resfrío</also-called>
<also-called>Remedios para la tos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las medicinas para la tos y el resfrío?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos para el resfriado y la tos pueden ayudar a aliviar los síntomas de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfrío&lt;/a&gt; común. Los síntomas de un resfriado pueden incluir dolor de garganta, congestión nasal o secreción nasal, estornudos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;tos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, no se necesita tratar un resfriado o la tos que causa. No se puede curar un resfriado y los antibióticos no le ayudarán a mejorar. Pero a veces los síntomas pueden mantenerlo despierto o causar mucha incomodidad. En ese caso, en ocasiones los medicamentos para el resfriado y la tos pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de medicinas para la tos y el resfrío?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos medicamentos diferentes para el resfriado y la tos, y hacen cosas diferentes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Descongestionantes nasales: Desbloquean la nariz tapada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antitusígenos: Calman la tos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Expectorantes: Aflojan la mucosidad de los pulmones para que pueda eliminarla&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Antihistamínicos: Paran la secreción nasal y los estornudos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;: Alivian la fiebre, los dolores de cabeza y los dolores y molestias menores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo saber antes de tomar medicinas para la tos y el resfrío?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antes de tomar estos medicamentos, lea las etiquetas y siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Muchos medicamentos para el resfriado y la tos contienen los mismos ingredientes activos. Por ejemplo, algunos de ellos incluyen analgésicos. Si está tomando estos medicamentos y también está tomando un analgésico por separado, podría estar recibiendo una cantidad peligrosa del analgésico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No le dé medicamentos para el resfriado o la tos a niños menores de dos años, y no le dé aspirina a los niños.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué más puedo hacer para sentirme mejor por un resfriado o tos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si decide que no quiere tomar medicinas para la tos y el resfrío, hay otras maneras de sentirse mejor:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beba muchos líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Descanse lo suficiente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use un humidificador de vapor frío&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Use gotas o aerosoles nasales de solución salina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use succión nasal con una pera de goma, que puede ser muy útil en niños menores de un año&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4961" language="English">Cold and Cough Medicines</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832">Resfrío</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html" id="1839">Tos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Jarabe para la tos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Resfrío, Medicamentos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tos, Medicamentos</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de los medicamentos para la tos y el resfriado (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Descongestivos: Medicamentos de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinacea: ¿Qué debo saber sobre esto?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/equinacea-que-debo-saber-sobre-esto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/echinacea-what-should-i-know-about-it/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y los resfriados: En detalles" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-gripe-y-los-resfriados-en-detalles" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colds-flu-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamento para la tos: Comprenda las opciones de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/comprension-de-medicamentos-de-venta-libre-contra-la-tos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/cough-medicine-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos de venta libre para la tos y el resfriado y su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-y-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el resfriado y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de acetaminofén" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="No abuse del acetaminofén" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/no-abuse-del-acetaminofen" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/dont-overuse-acetaminophen">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Remedios para el resfriado: Qué funciona, qué no y qué no te hace daño" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/art-20046403?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/in-depth/cold-remedies/ART-20046403?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de bromofeniramina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002601.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de Contac" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002616.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de dextrometorfano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002628.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de difenhidramina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002636.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de dimenhidrinato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002634.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de feniramina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002529.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de hidroxicina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002654.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos y el resfriado: ¿Medicamentos o remedios caseros?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/coughs-and-colds-medicines-or-home-remedies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Coughs-and-Colds-Medicines-or-Home-Remedies.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Son seguros los remedios de venta libre para las personas que tienen presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/faq-20058281?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058281?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Tomar zinc para los resfríos hará que mis resfríos se vayan más rápido?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/zinc-for-colds/faq-20057769?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/zinc-for-colds/FAQ-20057769?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You may take medicines every day or only once in a while. Either way, make sure your medicines are safe and will help you get better. Learn more. " title="Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31" language="English" date-created="05/21/1999">
<also-called>Drugs</also-called>
<also-called>Medications</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Medicines can treat diseases and improve your health. If you are like most people, you need to take medicine at some point in your life. You may need to take medicine every day, or you may only need to take medicine once in a while.  Either way, you want to make sure that your medicines are safe, and that they will help you get better. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration is in charge of ensuring that your prescription and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;over-the-counter&lt;/a&gt; medicines are safe and effective.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are always risks to taking medicines. It is important to think about these risks before you take a medicine. Even safe medicines can cause unwanted &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effects or interactions&lt;/a&gt; with food, alcohol, or other medicines you may be taking. Some medicines may not be safe during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;. To reduce the risk of reactions and make sure that you get better, it is important for you to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;take your medicines correctly&lt;/a&gt;. You should also be careful when giving medicines to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;, since they can be more vulnerable to the effects of medicines.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719" language="Spanish">Medicamentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004364">Pharmaceutical Preparations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/medicines.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222">Antibiotics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="464">Cancer Chemotherapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132">Complementary and Integrative Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html" id="5603">Drug Reactions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html" id="1445">Drug Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html" id="1246">Herbal Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html" id="5719">Medication Errors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005">Medicines and Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799">Over-the-Counter Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" id="4059">Pain Relievers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5578">Pregnancy and Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>About Your Medicines</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drug Information</see-reference>
<site title="5 Medication Safety Tips for Older Adults" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/5-medication-safety-tips-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/5-consejos-de-seguridad-sobre-los-medicamentos-para-las-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="As You Age: You and Your Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/tips-seniors/you-age-you-and-your-medicines">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biosimilar and Interchangeable Biologics: More Treatment Choices" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/biosimilar-and-interchangeable-biologics-more-treatment-choices" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-biologicos-biosimilares-e-intercambiables-mas-opciones-de-tratamiento">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disposal of Unused Medicines: What You Should Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-disposal-medicines/disposal-unused-medicines-what-you-should-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-disposal-medicines/eliminacion-de-medicamentos-no-utilizados-todo-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drawing medicine out of a vial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000530.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000530.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products" url="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Therapeutic Drug Use" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-use-therapeutic.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generic Drugs Undergo Rigorous FDA Review" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/generic-drugs-undergo-rigorous-fda-review">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generic Drugs: Questions &amp; Answers" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/frequently-asked-questions-popular-topics/generic-drugs-questions-answers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/112590/download">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giving an IM (intramuscular) injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000935.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herbal Supplements and Heart Medicines May Not Mix" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/herbal-supplements/art-20046488?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How and when to get rid of unused medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Medicines Work?" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2023/10/how-do-medicines-work/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to get prescription drug coverage" url="https://www.medicare.gov/drug-coverage-part-d/how-to-get-prescription-drug-coverage">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to save money on medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000863.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Transdermal Patches" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/transdermal-patches">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Index to Drug-Specific Information" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/index-drug-specific-information">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Information for Consumers and Patients (Drugs)" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="IV treatment at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000496.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquid Medications" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/liquid-medications">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547852/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications Older Adults Should Avoid or Use With Caution" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/medications-older-adults/medications-older-adults-should-avoid">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines and Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Drug Information" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginformation.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mixing Medications and Dietary Supplements Can Endanger Your Health" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mixing-medications-and-dietary-supplements-can-endanger-your-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mezclar-medicamentos-y-suplementos-dieteticos-puede-poner-en-peligro-su-salud">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/osteoporosis">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007795.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007794.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetics: How Genetic Testing Can Guide Medicine Decisions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pharmacogenomics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pharmacogenomics.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pharmaceutical+Preparations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Some Medicines and Driving Don't Mix" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/some-medicines-and-driving-dont-mix" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/algunas-medicinas-y-el-volante-no-se-mezclan">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Storing your medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking medicines - what to ask your provider" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapeutic drug levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003430.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/monitorizacion-de-farmacos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Think It Through: Managing the Benefits and Risks of Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-consumers-and-patients-drugs/think-it-through-managing-benefits-and-risks-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/publicaciones-en-espanol-medicamentos/pienselo-muy-bien-una-guia-para-el-control-de-los-beneficios-y-riesgos-de-las-medicinas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Medications and What They Do" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meds.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Unapproved Use of Approved Drugs &quot;Off Label&quot;" url="https://www.fda.gov/patients/learn-about-expanded-access-and-other-treatment-options/understanding-unapproved-use-approved-drugs-label">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Medicines Wisely" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/use-medicines-wisely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/sepa-como-tomar-sus-medicamentos-use-medicines-wisely">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Happens to Medicine in Your Body?" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2023/09/what-happens-to-medicine-in-your-body/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Pharmacology?" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2023/08/what-is-pharmacology/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When you feel like changing your medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Where and How to Dispose of Unused Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/where-and-how-dispose-unused-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-y-donde-deshacerse-de-los-medicamentos-sin-utilizar">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Never guess how to give medicines to a child. When it comes to taking medicines, kids aren't just small adults. Learn how to follow the drug label. " title="Medicines and Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005" language="English" date-created="04/24/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Children aren't just small adults. It is especially important to remember this when giving &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html"&gt;medicines&lt;/a&gt; to children. Giving a child the wrong dose or a medicine that is not for children can have serious side effects.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The drug labels for prescription medicines have a section on "Pediatric Use." It says whether the medicine has been studied for its effects on children. It also tells you which age groups were studied. Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;over-the-counter (OTC) medicines&lt;/a&gt;, like those that treat fever and pain, have been studied for effectiveness, safety, or dosing in children.  But many other OTC medicines have not. It is important to read the labels carefully, to make sure that the medicine is right for your child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here are some other tips for giving medicine safely to your child:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Read and follow the label directions every time.&lt;/strong&gt; Pay special attention to usage directions and warnings.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Watch out for problems.&lt;/strong&gt; Contact your health care provider or pharmacist right away if&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;You notice any new symptoms or unexpected side effects in your child&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;The medicine doesn't appear to be working when you expect it to. For example, antibiotics may take a few days to start working, but a pain reliever usually starts working soon after your child takes it.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know the abbreviations for the amounts of medicines:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tablespoon (tbsp.)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Teaspoon (tsp.)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Milligram (mg.)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Milliliter (mL.)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ounce (oz.)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use the correct dosing device.&lt;/strong&gt; If the label says two teaspoons and you're using a dosing cup with ounces only, don't try to guess how many teaspoons it would be. Get the proper measuring device. Don't substitute another item, such as a kitchen spoon.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Check with your health care provider or pharmacist before giving two medicines at the same time.&lt;/strong&gt; That way, you can avoid a possible overdose or an unwanted interaction.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Follow age and weight limit recommendations.&lt;/strong&gt; If the label says don't give to children under a certain age or weight, then don't do it.&lt;/li&gt;   
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Always use the child-resistant cap&lt;/strong&gt; and re-lock the cap after each use. Also, keep all medicines out of the reach of children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask your health care provider or pharmacist&lt;/strong&gt; if you have any questions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6006" language="Spanish">Medicamentos y los niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004358">Drug Therapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222">Antibiotics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4961">Cold and Cough Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799">Over-the-Counter Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" id="4059">Pain Relievers</related-topic>
<see-reference>Children and Medicines</see-reference>
<site title="Acetaminophen dosing for children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acetaminophen Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acetaminophen overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002598.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="An Acetaminophen Overdose Is Serious and It Can Happen Easier Than You Might Think" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="As They Grow: Teaching Your Children How to Use Medicines Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/tips-parents/they-grow-teaching-your-children-how-use-medicines-safely">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Flu Antiviral Drugs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children-antiviral.htm" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children-antiviral.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cold medicines and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000942.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Danger of Antibiotic Overuse (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Kids Take Medicine" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-medicine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-medicine.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Give Your Child Medicine" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Safely Give Acetaminophen" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/acetaminophen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/acetaminophen.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Safely Give Ibuprofen" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ibuprofen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ibuprofen.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ibuprofen dosing for children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquid Medications" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/liquid-medications">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicine safety and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000619.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines for ADHD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007592.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines: Using Them Safely (for Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medication-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medication-safety.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines and Children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Drug+Therapy%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should You Give Kids Medicine for Coughs and Colds?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cuando-dar-medicina-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-los-ninos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Medicines Are and What They Do (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidmedic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/kidmedic.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cada año mueren personas al contraer infecciones en hospitales. Entérese cómo prevenirlas con medidas tan simples cómo lavarse las manos, entre otras." title="Medidas para el control de infecciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" id="3041" language="Spanish" date-created="02/20/2003">
<also-called>Controlar infecciones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada año mueren personas por la diseminación de infecciones en los hospitales. Quienes trabajan en la atención de salud pueden tomar medidas para evitar la diseminación de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades infecciosas&lt;/a&gt;. Estas medidas son parte del control de las infecciones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; correctamente es la forma más eficaz para prevenir que la propagación ocurra. Si es un paciente, no tema recordarles a sus amigos, familiares y profesionales de la salud que se laven las manos antes de acercarse a usted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otras medidas que los profesionales de la salud pueden tomar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cubrirse la boca al toser o estornudar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mantener sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt; al día &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar guantes, mascarillas y ropas protectoras &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tener a mano pañuelos desechables y limpiadores de manos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Seguir las normas del hospital cuando se lidie con sangre o artículos contaminados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040" language="English">Infection Control</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html" id="1949">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html" id="4540">Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<site title="Después de una exposición a objetos cortopunzantes o líquidos corporales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000442.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equipo de protección personal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por estafilococos en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por vía central en hospitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000474.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpiar para prevenir la propagación de microbios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000454.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpieza de suministros y equipos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000443.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patógenos de transmisión hemática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precauciones de aislamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000446.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir infecciones al realizar visitas a alguien en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El melanoma es el tipo más grave de cáncer de piel. Entérese sobre los signos de advertencia de los cambios en la piel y las opciones de tratamiento." title="Melanoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html" id="2028" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El melanoma es el tipo más serio de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html"&gt;cáncer de piel&lt;/a&gt;. Con frecuencia el primer signo de un melanoma es un cambio de tamaño, forma, color o textura de un lunar. La mayoría de los melanomas tienen un área negra o negra azulada. El melanoma también puede aparecer como un lunar nuevo. Puede ser negro, anormal o "de aspecto desagradable."&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pensar en el "ABCDE" puede ayudarlo a recordar lo que debe vigilar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Asimetría: el contorno de una mitad no es igual al otro &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Bordes: los bordes son desiguales, borrosos o irregulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Color: el color es disparejo y puede incluir tonalidades negras, cafés y canela&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Diámetro: hay cambios en el tamaño, generalmente se vuelven más grandes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Evolución: cualquier cambio en el lunar en las últimas semanas o meses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cirugía es el primer tratamiento para todos los diferentes estadios del melanoma. Otros tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia y radiación, terapia biológica y terapia dirigida. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html" id="321" language="English">Melanoma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html" id="2149">Cáncer de piel</related-topic>
<see-reference>Melanoma intraocular</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (melanoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-pdq#_135" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq#_135">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de ganglio centinela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-ganglio-centinela/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sentinel-lymph-node-biopsy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/estadificacion/hoja-informativa-ganglio-centinela" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-pdq#_96" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq#_96">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas del melanoma cutáneo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/statistics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/statistics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cáncer de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-cancer-de-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-cancer-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de piel (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el cáncer de piel tipo melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq#_67">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el melanoma ocular uveal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfogammagrafía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lunares comunes, nevos displásicos y el riesgo de melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/hoja-informativa-lunares" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/moles-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Melanina en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003365.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000850.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/melanoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/melanoma.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001022.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nevos displásicos (lunares atípicos)" url="https://cancerdepiel.org/cancer-de-piel/nevos-displasicos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación contra el Cáncer de Piel</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/prevencion-piel-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-prevention-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de PD-L1 (inmunoterapia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética del BRAF" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-braf/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/braf-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el cáncer de piel tipo melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de piel tipo melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del melanoma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/child-melanoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del melanoma ocular uveal infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/child-intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del tratamiento de cáncer de piel tipo melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en las investigaciones sobre el cáncer de piel tipo melanoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el cáncer de piel tipo melanoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es cáncer de piel tipo melanoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/acerca/que-es-melanoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/what-is-melanoma.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el melanoma ocular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/melanoma-ocular" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-melanoma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Most have a black or black-blue area. Learn the 'ABCDE' of what to watch for and treatment options." title="Melanoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html" id="321" language="English" date-created="06/03/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Melanoma is the most serious type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html"&gt;skin cancer&lt;/a&gt;.  Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal, or "ugly looking."&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thinking of "ABCDE" can help you remember what to watch for:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Color - the color is uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evolving - the mole has changed over the past few weeks or months&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Surgery is the first treatment of all stages of melanoma. Other treatments include chemotherapy and radiation, biologic, and targeted therapies.  Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html" id="2028" language="Spanish">Melanoma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008545">Melanoma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html" id="405">Skin Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html" id="1419">Sun Exposure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tanning.html" id="6541">Tanning</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intraocular Melanoma</see-reference>
<site title="Advances in Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="BRAF Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/braf-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-braf/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Stat Facts: Melanoma of the Skin" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/child-intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Melanoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/child-melanoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intraocular (Eye) Melanoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22intraocular+melanoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Melanoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Melanoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, and Risk of Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/moles-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/hoja-informativa-lunares">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/melanoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/patient/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ojo/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-ocular-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq#_67" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Giant congenital melanocytic nevus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/giant-congenital-melanocytic-nevus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Melanoma Skin Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphoscintigraphy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lympho" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lympho">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000850.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/melanoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/melanoma.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/melanoma?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/melanoma?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma of the eye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001022.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma of the Skin Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/statistics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/statistics/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/melanoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Moles: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/moles-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ocular Melanoma" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-melanoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/melanoma-ocular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pdl1-immunotherapy-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-pd-l1-inmunoterapia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Melanoma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Melanoma Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sentinel-lymph-node-biopsy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-ganglio-centinela/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Biopsy" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/skin-biopsy?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-prevention-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/prevencion-piel-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-cancer-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-cancer-de-piel/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Some Melanomas May Start in Hair Follicles" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/some-melanomas-may-start-hair-follicles">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq#_96" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-pdq#_96">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Melanoma Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Melanoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq#_135" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-pdq#_135">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urine melanin test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003365.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Melanoma Skin Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Does a Mole Look Like?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/mole-photos">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Does Melanoma Look Like?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/melanoma-photos">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Melanoma Skin Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/what-is-melanoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/acerca/que-es-melanoma.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Research and Treatment of Melanoma Skin Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-tipo-melanoma/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿No recuerda si cerró bien la puerta? Es normal olvidar cosas, pero si ocurre muy a menudo puede ser un signo de problemas de la memoria. Entérese aquí." title="Memoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html" id="2029" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada día, usted vive diferentes experiencias y aprende cosas nuevas. Su cerebro no puede almacenar toda esa información, por lo que tiene que decidir qué vale la pena recordar. La memoria es el proceso de almacenamiento para luego recordar esta información. Hay diferentes tipos de memoria. La memoria de corto plazo almacena información por unos pocos segundos o minutos. La memoria de largo plazo la almacena por un período más largo de tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La memoria no funciona siempre a la perfección. A medida que envejece, puede tomar más tiempo para recordar las cosas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es normal olvidar cosas de vez en cuando. Todos nos hemos olvidado un nombre, donde dejamos las llaves o si cerramos la puerta principal. Si usted es una persona mayor que olvida las cosas con más frecuencia que otras de su misma edad, es posible que tenga un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html"&gt;deterioro cognitivo leve&lt;/a&gt;. Olvidar cómo utilizar su teléfono o encontrar su camino a casa pueden ser signos de un problema más grave, como:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otros tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Ataque cerebral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Alcoholismo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones en la cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html"&gt;tumores&lt;/a&gt; en el cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;riñones&lt;/a&gt;, de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt; o de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;Reacciones a ciertos medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si usted está preocupado por sus problemas de memoria, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html" id="1452" language="English">Memory</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html" id="1846">Demencia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5742">Deterioro cognitivo leve</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html" id="1736">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amnesia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pérdida de memoria</see-reference>
<site title="Amnesia global transitoria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudas para la memoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002046.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los adultos con trastornos cognitivos y de la memoria" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-de-los-adultos-con-trastornos-cognitivos-y-de-la-memoria-caring-adults-cognitive/">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del estado mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del hemisferio cerebral derecho" url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/Spanish/Lesion-del-Hemisferio-Cerebral-Derecho/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/right-hemisphere-brain-damage/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantener la salud cognitiva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Memoria importa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/memory.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/memory.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Memoria, olvido y envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/memoria/memoria-olvido-envejecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/memory-loss-and-forgetfulness/memory-problems-forgetfulness-and-aging">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteína puede revertir la pérdida de memoria relacionada con la edad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-proteina-puede-revertir-la-perdida-de-memoria" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/09/protein-may-reverse-age-related-memory-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cognitivas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-cognitivas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cognitive-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la memoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003257.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003257.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de memoria: Cuándo se debe buscar ayuda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046326?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/in-depth/memory-loss/ART-20046326?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de memoria: Siete consejos para mejorar la memoria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia en el cerebro" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos disociativos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you forget where you put your keys? It's normal to forget things, but it can be a sign of memory problems. Read more on memory and memory loss." title="Memory" url="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html" id="1452" language="English" date-created="03/30/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every day, you have different experiences and you learn new things. Your brain cannot store all of that information, so it has to decide what is worth remembering. Memory is the process of storing and then remembering this information. There are different types of memory. Short-term memory stores information for a few seconds or minutes. Long-term memory stores it for a longer period of time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Memory doesn't always work perfectly. As you grow older, it may take longer to remember things.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's normal to forget things once in a while. We've all forgotten a name, where we put our keys, or if we locked the front door. If you are an older adult who forget things more often than others your age, you may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html"&gt;mild cognitive impairment&lt;/a&gt;. Forgetting how to use your phone or find your way home may be signs of a more serious problem, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html"&gt;Head injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html"&gt;tumors&lt;/a&gt; in the brain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid&lt;/a&gt; problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;Reactions to certain medicines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you're worried about your forgetfulness, see your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html" id="2029" language="Spanish">Memoria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008568">Memory</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008569">Memory Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22">Alzheimer's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" id="205">Dementia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5741">Mild Cognitive Impairment</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amnesia</see-reference>
<site title="Agnosia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#agnosia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amnesia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Fog" url="https://sjogrens.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Brain%20Fog%20Patient%20Education%20Sheet_0.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Health" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chemo Brain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amnesia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amnesia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Memory" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Memory%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Memory Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Memory+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cognitive Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cognitive-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-cognitivas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dissociative Disorders" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ginkgo" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginkgo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications for Memory, Cognition, and Dementia-Related Behaviors" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/treatments/medications-for-memory">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Memory loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003257.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003257.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Memory Loss: 7 Tips to Improve Your Memory" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046518?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Memory Loss: When to Seek Help" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/in-depth/memory-loss/ART-20046326?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/in-depth/memory-loss/art-20046326?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Memory Matters" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/memory.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/memory.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Memory, Forgetfulness, and Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/memory-loss-and-forgetfulness/memory-problems-forgetfulness-and-aging" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/memoria/memoria-olvido-envejecimiento">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental status testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Scientists Try to Crack the Brain's Memory Codes" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/nih-scientists-try-crack-brains-memory-codes">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prosopagnosia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#prosopagnosia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Memory" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Memory%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Memory+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Remembering tips" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002046.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient Global Amnesia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Memory Loss: What To Do When You Have Trouble Remembering" url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/understanding-memory-loss.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Well-Aged Mind: Maintaining Your Cognitive Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many men need to pay more attention to their health. Preventive care and screening tests can help lower risks, detect problems early, and improve outcomes." title="Men's Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html" id="322" language="English" date-created="12/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most men need to pay more attention to their health. Compared to women, men are more likely to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoke and drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make unhealthy or risky choices&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Put off regular checkups and medical care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also health conditions that only affect men, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html"&gt;prostate cancer&lt;/a&gt; and low testosterone. Many of the major health risks that men face - like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon cancer&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt; - can be prevented and treated with early diagnosis. Screening tests can find diseases early, when they are easier to treat. It's important to get the screening tests you need.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menshealth.html" id="2030" language="Spanish">Salud de los hombres</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D054526">Men's Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menshealth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menshealth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menshealth.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menshealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menshealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menshealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html" id="6196">Enlarged Prostate (BPH)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html" id="118">Erectile Dysfunction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/penisdisorders.html" id="1360">Penis Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html" id="112">Prostate Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html" id="7">Prostate Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5571">Sexual Problems in Men</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html" id="434">Testicular Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Male Menopause</see-reference>
<see-reference>Menopause, Male</see-reference>
<site title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the male reproductive system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="AMA DoctorFinder" url="https://find-doctor.ama-assn.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Belly Fat in Men: Why Weight Loss Matters" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and Men" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-and-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-and-men.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Could you have low testosterone?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Men's Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/mens-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for men age 65 and older" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007466.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for men ages 18 to 39" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007464.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for men ages 40 to 64" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007465.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypogonadism in Men" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypogonadism" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/bajo-nivel-de-testosterona">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Testosterone Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003707_27.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003707_88.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Men and Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Men's Reproductive Health" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Men: Eat Right, Stay Healthy" url="https://familydoctor.org/men-eat-right-stay-healthy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/hombres-coman-bien-mantenganse-saludables/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Men: Take Charge of Your Health" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/regular-checkups/men-take-charge-your-health" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/chequeos-periodicos/hombres-tomen-control-su-salud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH-Supported Trials Test Hormonal Therapy in Older Men with Low Testosterone Levels" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-supported-trials-test-hormonal-therapy-older-men-low-testosterone-levels">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis in Men" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoporosis-men" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/la-osteoporosis-en-los-hombres">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Men's Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Men%27s+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Screening Tests for Men Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007465_19.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007465_79.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sex and Gender: How Being Male or Female Can Affect Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/05/sex-gender" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sexo-y-genero">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Supplements and Men's Health" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/essential-nutrients/supplements/supplements-and-mens-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003707.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Therapy: Potential Benefits and Risks as You Age" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Good Health in Later Life for Older Men" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-good-health-later-life-older-men">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Prostate Changes: A Health Guide for Men" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear. Symptoms include severe dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, and ear pressure or pain. Learn more." title="Meniere's Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/menieresdisease.html" id="1674" language="English" date-created="05/28/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear. It can cause severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;, a roaring sound in your ears called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html"&gt;tinnitus&lt;/a&gt;, hearing loss that comes and goes and the feeling of ear pressure or pain. It usually affects just one ear. It is a common cause of hearing loss. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Attacks of dizziness may come on suddenly or after a short period of tinnitus or muffled hearing. Some people have single attacks of dizziness once in a while. Others may have many attacks close together over several days. Some people with Meniere's disease have "drop attacks" during which the  dizziness is so bad they lose their balance and fall.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Scientists don't yet know the cause. They think that it has to do with the fluid levels or the mixing of fluids in the canals of your inner ear.  Doctors diagnose it based on a physical exam and your symptoms. A hearing test can check to see how it has affected your hearing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure. Treatments include medicines to control dizziness, limiting salt in your diet, and taking water pills. A device that fits into the outer ear and delivers air pulses to the middle ear can help. Severe cases may require surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html" id="2263" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Ménière</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008575">Meniere Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html" id="216">Dizziness and Vertigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eardisorders.html" id="1545">Ear Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vestibular Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="Balance Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/balance-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-del-equilibrio/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caloric stimulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003429.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Meniere Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Meniere+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vestibular Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vestibular+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniere's Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menieres-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374910?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniere's Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/menieres-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-meniere-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meniere's Disease" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/menieres-disease/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ménière disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000702.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ménière disease - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000709.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000709.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ménière disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meniere-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ménière's Disease" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/la-enfermedad-de-meniere">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meniere's Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Meniere+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Support Group Directory" url="https://vestibular.org/support-groups/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videonystagmography (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Meningitis or spinal meningitis is inflammation of the tissue around the brain and spinal cord. Discover the differences between types of meningitis. " title="Meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html" id="324" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<also-called>Spinal meningitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. There are several types of meningitis. The most common is viral meningitis. You get it when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is rare but can be deadly. It usually starts with bacteria that cause a cold-like infection. It can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt;, and brain damage. It can also harm other organs. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html"&gt;Pneumococcal infections&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningococcaldisease.html"&gt;meningococcal infections&lt;/a&gt; are the most common causes of bacterial meningitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get meningitis, but it is more common in people with weak immune systems. Meningitis can get serious very quickly. You should get medical care right away if you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A sudden high fever &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A severe headache &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A stiff neck &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea or vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Early treatment can help prevent serious problems, including death. Tests to diagnose meningitis include blood tests, imaging tests, and a spinal tap to test cerebrospinal fluid. Antibiotics can treat bacterial meningitis. Antiviral medicines may help some types of viral meningitis. Other medicines can help treat symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are vaccines to prevent some of the bacterial infections that cause meningitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html" id="2031" language="Spanish">Meningitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008581">Meningitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gjuha Shqipe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Albanian">Albanian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Trukese" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Chuukese">Chuukese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ilokano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Ilocano">Ilocano</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rwanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Mahsen en Pohnpei" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Pohnpeian">Pohnpeian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gagana Samoa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Samoan">Samoan</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="tigriññā / ትግርኛ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Tigrinya">Tigrinya</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="lea faka-Tonga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Tongan ">Tongan </other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/meningitis.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html" id="241">Encephalitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5968">Haemophilus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningococcaldisease.html" id="5651">Meningococcal Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5714">Pneumococcal Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arachnoiditis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Aseptic Meningitis</see-reference>
<site title="About Bacterial Meningitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/bacterial-meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Fungal Meningitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/fungal-meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/fungal-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Parasitic Meningitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/parasitic-meningitis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Viral Meningitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/viral-meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/viral-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arachnoiditis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arachnoiditis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal fluid culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003769.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Meningitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Meningitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Meningitis, Aseptic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Meningitis,+Aseptic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CSF analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003369.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003768.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encephalitis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/encephalitis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gram-negative meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000610.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="H influenzae meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000612.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hib.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_hib.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflamed Brain: Recognizing Encephalitis and Meningitis" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/inflamed-brain" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cerebro-inflamado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/meningitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000680.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meningitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meningitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis - cryptococcal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000642.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis - tuberculous" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000650.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mening.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_meningococcal.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000608.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Vaccines and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/meningococcal-disease-bacterial-meningitis-vaccine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-enfermedad-megingococica-meningitis-bacteriana/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Swab" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/pcv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_pcv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000607.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ppv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_ppsv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procalcitonin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/procalcitonin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-procalcitonina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Meningitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Sinus x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003803.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emmi-lumbar-puncture.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lumbar-puncture.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Staphylococcal meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000613.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subacute and Chronic Meningitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/meningitis/subacute-and-chronic-meningitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/meningitis/meningitis-subaguda-y-cr%C3%B3nica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Subdural effusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001422.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilitic aseptic meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000724.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Meningococcal Disease" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/meningococcal-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Head (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines and Cochlear Implants" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000609.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La meningitis es la inflamación del tejido alrededor del cerebro y la médula espinal. Diferencias entre tipos de meningitis, síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html" id="2031" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La meningitis es la inflamación del tejido delgado que rodea el cerebro y la médula espinal, llamada meninge. Existen varios tipos de meningitis. La más común es la meningitis viral, que ocurre cuando un virus penetra en su organismo a través de la nariz o la boca y se traslada al cerebro. La meningitis bacteriana es rara, pero puede ser mortal. Suele comenzar con bacterias que causan infecciones parecidas a la gripe. Puede causar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;ataque cerebral&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;sordera&lt;/a&gt; y lesiones cerebrales. También puede dañar otros órganos. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html"&gt;infecciones por neumococo&lt;/a&gt; y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningococcaldisease.html"&gt;infecciones meningocócicas&lt;/a&gt; pueden causar meningitis bacteriana. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede contraer meningitis, pero es más común en las personas con sistemas inmunitarios débiles. La meningitis puede agravarse muy rápido. Debe buscar atención médica de inmediato si presenta:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Una fiebre súbita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de cabeza fuerte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Rigidez en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;    Náuseas o vómitos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a prevenir problemas graves, incluyendo la muerte. Los exámenes para diagnosticar la meningitis incluyen análisis de sangre, pruebas de imágenes y una punción espinal para examinar el fluido cerebroespinal. Los antibióticos pueden tratar la meningitis bacteriana. Las medicinas antivirales pueden ayudar con algunos tipos de meningitis virales. Otras medicinas pueden ayudar a tratar otros síntomas.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen vacunas para prevenir algunas de las infecciones bacterianas que causan meningitis.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html" id="324" language="English">Meningitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html" id="1884">Encefalitis</related-topic>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003369.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro inflamado: Reconocer la encefalitis y la meningitis" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-cerebro-inflamado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/04/inflamed-brain">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003769.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derrame subdural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001422.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ultrasound-head.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003768.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hisopado nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meningitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000680.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meningitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meningitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis aséptica sifilítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000724.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis criptocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000642.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis meningocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000608.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis neumocócica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000607.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis por estafilococos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000613.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis por Gram negativas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000610.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis por H. influenzae" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000612.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis subaguda y crónica" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/meningitis/meningitis-subaguda-y-cr%C3%B3nica" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/meningitis/subacute-and-chronic-meningitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis tuberculosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000650.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis y encefalitis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/meningitis-y-encefalitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de procalcitonina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-procalcitonina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/procalcitonin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003803.htm">
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<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<site title="Vacuna antimeningocócica ACWY: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_meningococcal.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mening.pdf">
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</site>
<site title="Vacuna conjugada neumocócica: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_pcv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/pcv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
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<site title="Vacuna neumocócica polisacárida: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_ppsv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ppv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Vacunación e implantes cocleares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cochlear-immunizations.html">
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<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas antimeningocócicas" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-enfermedad-megingococica-meningitis-bacteriana/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/meningococcal-disease-bacterial-meningitis-vaccine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Meningococcal disease is the name for illness caused by meningococcal bacteria. The illnesses are often severe, but vaccines can help prevent them. Learn more." title="Meningococcal Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningococcaldisease.html" id="5651" language="English" date-created="10/06/2010">
<also-called>Meningococcal Infections</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is meningococcal disease?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Meningococcal disease is the name for any illness that is caused by &lt;em&gt;Neisseria meningitidis&lt;/em&gt; bacteria (also called meningococcal bacteria). These illnesses are often severe and can sometimes be deadly. They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt;) and in the bloodstream (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;). Vaccines can help prevent the disease.&lt;/p&gt;	

&lt;h3&gt;What causes meningococcal disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people have &lt;em&gt;Neisseria meningitidis&lt;/em&gt;, the bacteria that cause the disease, in the back of their nose and throat. They usually have the bacteria but don't get sick. This is called being a "carrier." But sometimes the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause meningococcal disease.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The bacteria can spread from person to person through saliva (spit). It usually happens through close or lengthy contact with a person who has it. Close contact can include things like kissing and coughing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You cannot catch the bacteria through casual contact with someone who has the disease. For example, you cannot get it by breathing air where that person has been.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get meningococcal disease?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get meningococcal disease, but you are more likely to get it if someone you live with has it. You are also more likely to get it if you have direct contact with the saliva of someone who has it (like through kissing).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Also, certain groups of people are more likely to get the disease. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children younger than 1 year old.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teens and young adults ages 16 through 23 years old.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 65 years and older.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with medical conditions that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weaken their immune system&lt;/a&gt;, including those with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; and certain rare immune system diseases.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who either don't have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html"&gt;spleen&lt;/a&gt; or have a spleen that does not function well.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who take complement inhibitor. These are immunotherapy medicines that are given to people with certain rare conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who live in crowded settings, such as college dorms or military barracks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who travel to areas where the disease is more common, such as certain parts of sub-Saharan Africa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of meningococcal disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of meningococcal disease. The most common types are meningitis and septicemia. Both types are very serious and can be deadly in a matter of hours.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meningococcal meningitis&lt;/strong&gt; is a meningococcal infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. The most common symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stiff neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can also cause symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Photophobia (your eyes being more sensitive to light)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may be hard to notice these symptoms in newborns and babies. They can also have different symptoms. They may:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be slow or inactive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be irritable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feed poorly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a bulging of the soft spot of their skull&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meningococcal septicemia&lt;/strong&gt; is a meningococcal infection of the bloodstream. It's also called meningococcemia. When someone has this disease, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply. This damages the walls of the blood vessels and causes bleeding into the skin and organs. The symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever and chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cold hands and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe aches or pain in the muscles, joints, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt; (belly)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dark purple rash (in the later stages of the disease)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because it is so serious, you need to seek immediate medical attention if you or your child develops the symptoms of meningococcal disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How is meningococcal disease diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease are often similar to those of other illnesses. This can make it hard to diagnose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your (or your child's) health care provider thinks that you or your child could have meningococcal disease, they will order tests that take samples of blood and/or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/"&gt;cerebrospinal fluid&lt;/a&gt;  (fluid near the spinal cord). They will send the samples to a lab for testing. The testing will include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/"&gt;bacteria culture testing&lt;/a&gt;, which can identify the specific type of bacteria that is causing the infection. Knowing this can help the provider decide on the best treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for meningococcal disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; can treat meningococcal disease. It is important that treatment is started as soon as possible. So if the provider thinks you have meningococcal disease, they will give you antibiotics right away (before the test results come back).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with serious disease may need additional treatments, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing support&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;low blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery to remove dead tissue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wound care for parts of the body with damaged skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with meningococcal disease will have long-term health problems and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disabilities&lt;/a&gt;. These may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="limbloss.html" tid="518"&gt;Loss of limb(s)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Deafness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Nervous system problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brain damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even with treatment, 10 to 15 in 100 people will die from the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can meningococcal disease be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best way to prevent meningococcal disease is to get vaccinated. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends meningococcal vaccination for:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;All preteens and teens&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children at higher risk for meningococcal disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults at higher risk for meningococcal disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are a close contact of a person with meningococcal disease, you will likely be given antibiotics to prevent you from getting sick. This is called "prophylaxis."  Close contacts include people who are living together. They also include people who had direct contact with the saliva of a person who has the disease (such as from kissing).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although it's rare, you can get meningococcal disease more than once.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningococcaldisease.html" id="5652" language="Spanish">Enfermedades meningocócicas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008589">Meningococcal Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html" id="324">Meningitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Meningococcal Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Meningococcemia</see-reference>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Meningococcal Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Meningococcal+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mening.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_meningococcal.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Disease in Preteens, Teens &amp; Young Adults" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/Meningococcal-Disease-Information-for-Teens-and-College-Students-.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/meningococcal-disease-information-for-teens-and-college-students-.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Disease Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/symptoms-sp.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Disease: Causes and How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/causes-transmission.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/causes-transmission-sp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/diagnosis-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/diagnosis-treatment-sp.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000608.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/meningococcal.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Vaccines and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/meningococcal-disease-bacterial-meningitis-vaccine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-contra-la-enfermedad-megingococica-meningitis-bacteriana/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001349.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Meningococcal Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/about/prevention-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningococcal Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Meningococcal+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emmi-lumbar-puncture.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lumbar-puncture.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Meningococcal Disease" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/meningococcal-disease">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000609.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Vaccines: Meningococcal Vaccines" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meningitis-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meningitis-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Menopause is when a woman stops having a period. The transition to menopause usually starts in your 40's. Know the symptoms and how to deal with them." title="Menopause" url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html" id="62" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Change of life</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is menopause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Menopause is the time in your life when you stop having your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;period&lt;/a&gt; and can no longer get pregnant. You have reached menopause when you have not had a period for 12 months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The time leading up to menopause is called the menopausal transition, or perimenopause. This transition usually begins in when you are in your 40s, but sometimes it can start earlier. It can last for several years. The most common age for reaching menopause is between 45 and 55 years old. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is early menopause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Early, or premature menopause happens when your ovaries stop making hormones and periods stop before age 40. This can happen on its own (with no known cause). It can also happen because of surgery to remove the ovaries or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html"&gt;uterus&lt;/a&gt;. Medical treatments such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; or hormone therapy to treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;breast cancer&lt;/a&gt; may also cause early menopause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html"&gt;primary ovarian insufficiency&lt;/a&gt; (POI) happens when your ovaries stop working normally before you are age 40. But this condition is different from early menopause. If you have POI, you may still have periods, even though they might not come regularly. And you might still be able to get pregnant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of menopause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During the menopausal transition, your ovaries start to make less of the estrogen and progesterone hormones. The changes in these hormones cause the symptoms of menopause, which can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in your periods; they may be:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Irregular, with more or less time in between periods.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Shorter or longer.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lighter or heavier.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hot flashes, a sudden warm feeling in your face, neck, and chest. They may cause you to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html"&gt;sweat&lt;/a&gt;. If they happen at night and cause sweating, they are called night sweats.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;Trouble sleeping&lt;/a&gt;, such as trouble falling asleep or getting back to sleep when you wake up. Over time, a lack of sleep can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vaginal dryness, which may cause pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mood changes, which can make you feel moody, anxious, or more irritable.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bladder issues, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;urinary incontinence&lt;/a&gt; (loss of bladder control) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt; (UTIs).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may also have other physical changes which could put you at risk for certain diseases. For example, the loss of estrogen can:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cause you to lose &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;bone density&lt;/a&gt;. This can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, a condition that causes bones to become weak and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;break&lt;/a&gt; easily.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Raise your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt; and increase your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for the symptoms of menopause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may not need treatment for the symptoms of menopause. But if you do, there are several different types of treatments:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may find that you can manage your symptoms with lifestyle changes. Here are some changes that might make you feel better:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you have hot flashes, dress in layers that can be removed at the start of a hot flash. You may want to carry a portable fan to use when you get a hot flash.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, spicy foods, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;. They can make your menopause symptoms worse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you smoke, try to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit&lt;/a&gt;, not only for hot flashes, but for your overall health.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Try to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;maintain a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;. Being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; can make hot flashes worse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Have good sleep habits&lt;/a&gt;. Keep your bedroom dark, quiet, and cool.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Get regular exercise&lt;/a&gt;. It can help you sleep better, improve your mood, and help lower your risk for many age-related diseases.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, for example by using relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and muscle relaxation exercises.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;If lifestyle changes are not enough to improve your symptoms, you may want to contact your health care provider. They will talk to you about your symptoms, family and medical history, and preferences. They also can explain the risks and benefits of the treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Non-hormone treatments&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are various non-hormone treatments for menopause symptoms, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines for hot flashes, including certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, a medicine just for hot flashes, an antiseizure medicine, and a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;blood pressure medicine&lt;/a&gt;. Some of these medicines may also help with sleep problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines for urinary incontinence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to treat or help prevent osteoporosis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low-dose &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control pills&lt;/a&gt; for very heavy bleeding or periods that are close together.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Water-based lubricants to treat vaginal dryness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines for painful intercourse that is caused by vaginal changes from menopause.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a type of talk therapy, for trouble sleeping.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Hormone treatments&lt;/h4&gt;
Another treatment for menopause symptoms is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;menopausal hormone therapy&lt;/a&gt; (MHT). It may also be called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This treatment is usually with estrogen or estrogen plus progestin (a type of progesterone that's made in a lab). MHT can be given in pills, skin patches, rings, implants, gels, or creams. It may be used to treat symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness and to help prevent osteoporosis.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Like all medicines, MHT has benefits and risks. Talk with your provider about whether it is safe for you. If you decide to take MHT, your provider may recommend taking the lowest dose that works for the shortest time needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Supplements, herbs, and "natural" hormone creams&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are various products that are marketed for menopause symptoms. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;supplements&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;herbs&lt;/a&gt;, and over-the-counter "natural" hormone creams. There has been research on many of these products. So far, none of them has clearly been shown to be helpful. Also, there is little information on the long-term safety of these products. Some supplements can have harmful side effects or interact with medicines. Check with your provider before you take use any of them.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" id="2032" language="Spanish">Menopausia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008593">Menopause</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menopause.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="1610">Hormone Replacement Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html" id="325">Menstruation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3684">Primary Ovarian Insufficiency</related-topic>
<see-reference>Change of Life</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hot Flashes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Perimenopause</see-reference>
<see-reference>Premature Menopause</see-reference>
<site title="4 Things to Know about Menopausal Symptoms and Complementary Health Practices" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-menopausal-symptoms-and-complementary-health-practices">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Menopause" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menopause/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the female reproductive system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004016.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-Müllerian Hormone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bioidentical Hormones: Are They Safer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black Cohosh" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/black-cohosh">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burning Mouth Syndrome" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/burning-mouth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/sindrome-boca-ardiente">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatment -- early menopause" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hot Flashes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hot+Flashes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Menopause" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=menopause&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Premenopause" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Premenopause%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deciding about hormone therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Early or Premature Menopause" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hormone Replacement Therapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hot Flashes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hot Flashes: What Can I Do?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/hot-flashes-what-can-i-do" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/menopausia/calores-subitos-sofocos-puedo-hacer">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausal Symptoms and Complementary Health Practices: What the Science Says" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/menopausal-symptoms-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/menopausal-symptoms-in-depth">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopause" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menopause">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/menopause">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000894.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause and Bone Loss" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause-and-bone-loss">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause and Cardiovascular Risk" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause and High Blood Pressure: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058406?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Menopause and You: Postmenopause" url="https://www.endocrine.org/menopausemap/stages-of-menopause/postmenopause/index.html">
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<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause Map" url="https://www.endocrine.org/menopausemap/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause Relaxation Techniques" url="https://www.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/patient-engagement/menopause-map/menopause_map_relaxation_techniques">
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<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Menopause Treatment" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/menopause-treatment">
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<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/menopause-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/menopausia-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perimenopausal Bleeding and Bleeding after Menopause" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/perimenopausal-bleeding-and-bleeding-after-menopause" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Sangrado-perimenopausico-y-sangrado-despues-de-la-menopausia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perimenopause" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/perimenopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20354666?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/perimenopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20354666?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for Menopause: A Woman's Midlife Change" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/preparing-menopause" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/preparacion-para-la-menopausia">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopause" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Menopause%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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</site>
<site title="Sleep Problems and Menopause: What Can I Do?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/sleep-problems-and-menopause-what-can-i-do" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/menopausia/menopausia-problemas-dormir-puedo-hacer">
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<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
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<site title="Soy" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/soy">
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<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Test Your Menopause Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000894_55.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000894_85.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Reality of Menopause Weight Gain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of hormone therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Atrophy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Menopause?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nMdn6EI6WA" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_QBnVkQGps">
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<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
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</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Menopause?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menopause/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Other Symptoms of Menopause?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menopause/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Menopause" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af-356SbCkY" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKvydd-1LT8">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Menopause?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/what-menopause" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/menopausia/menopausia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La menopausia ocurre cuando una mujer deja de tener menstruaciones. La transición a la menopausia por lo general comienza a los 40 años. Entérese aquí." title="Menopausia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" id="2032" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la menopausia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La menopausia es el momento de la vida en el que deja de menstruar y ya no puede quedar embarazada. La menopausia llega cuando no ha tenido un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;período menstrual&lt;/a&gt; (regla) por 12 meses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tiempo que lleva a la menopausia se llama transición menopáusica o perimenopausia. Esta transición suele comenzar alrededor de los 40 años, pero a veces puede comenzar antes y durar varios años. La edad más común para llegar a la menopausia es entre los 45 y los 55 años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la menopausia temprana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La menopausia temprana o prematura ocurre cuando los ovarios dejan de producir hormonas y los períodos se detienen antes de los 40 años. Esto puede ocurrir por sí solo (sin una causa conocida). También puede suceder debido a una cirugía para extirpar los ovarios o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html"&gt;útero&lt;/a&gt;. Los tratamientos médicos como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; o la terapia hormonal para tratar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de seno&lt;/a&gt; también pueden provocar una menopausia temprana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una afección llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html"&gt;insuficiencia ovárica primaria&lt;/a&gt; (IOP) ocurre cuando los ovarios dejan de funcionar normalmente antes de los 40 años. Pero este problema es diferente de la menopausia temprana. Si tiene IOP, es posible que aún tenga períodos menstruales, aunque sean irregulares. Y es posible que aún pueda quedar embarazada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la menopausia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Durante la transición a la menopausia, los ovarios comienzan a producir menos hormonas de estrógeno y progesterona. Los cambios en estas hormonas causan los síntomas de la menopausia, los que pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un cambio en los períodos menstruales; los que pueden ser:
  &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irregulares, con más o menos tiempo entre períodos menstruales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más cortos o más largos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más ligeros o más abundantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sofocos: Sensación repentina de calor en la cara, el cuello y el pecho. Pueden causar sudoración. Si ocurren por la noche y provocan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html"&gt;sudor&lt;/a&gt;, se conocen como sudores nocturnos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;Problemas para dormir&lt;/a&gt;: Incluye dificultad para conciliar el sueño o para volver a dormirse al despertarse. Con el tiempo, la falta de sueño puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html"&gt;problemas de memoria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sequedad vaginal: Puede causar dolor o malestar durante las relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios de humor: Pueden hacer que se sienta malhumorada, ansiosa o más irritable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de vejiga: Incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;incontinencia urinaria&lt;/a&gt; (pérdida del control de la vejiga) e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede tener otros cambios físicos que podrían ponerla en riesgo de ciertas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, la pérdida de estrógeno puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerle perder &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt;densidad ósea&lt;/a&gt;: Esto puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, una afección que hace que los huesos se debiliten y se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;rompan&lt;/a&gt; fácilmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumentar sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html"&gt;niveles de colesterol&lt;/a&gt; y aumentar su riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los síntomas de la menopausia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que no necesite tratamiento para los síntomas de la menopausia. Pero si lo necesita, existen varios tipos diferentes:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que descubra que puede controlar sus síntomas con cambios en el estilo de vida. Algunos cambios que pueden hacerla sentir mejor incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene sofocos, vístase con varias capas que pueda quitarse al comienzo de un sofoco. Es posible que desee portar un ventilador portátil para usarlo cuando tenga un sofoco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, las comidas picantes y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;. Pueden empeorar los síntomas de la menopausia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si fuma, intente dejarlo, no solo por los sofocos, sino por su salud en general&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trate de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;mantener un peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;: El sobrepeso o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; pueden empeorar los sofocos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;buenos hábitos de sueño&lt;/a&gt;: Mantenga su dormitorio oscuro, tranquilo y fresco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Haga ejercicio con regularidad&lt;/a&gt;: Puede ayudarla a dormir mejor, mejorar su estado de ánimo y ayudar a bajar el riesgo de muchas enfermedades relacionadas con la edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduzca el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; mediante técnicas de relajación como la meditación, la respiración profunda y los ejercicios de relajación muscular, por ejemplo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si los cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes para mejorar sus síntomas, puede acudir a su profesional de la salud. Éste le hablará sobre sus síntomas, antecedentes familiares y médicos, y preferencias. También puede explicarle los riesgos y beneficios de los tratamientos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Tratamientos no hormonales&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tratamientos no hormonales para los síntomas de la menopausia, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para los sofocos, incluyendo ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;, un medicamento solo para los sofocos, un medicamento anticonvulsivo y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicamento para la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos de estos medicamentos también pueden ayudar con los problemas para dormir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para la incontinencia urinaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para tratar o ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Pastillas anticonceptivas&lt;/a&gt; de dosis baja para sangrados muy abundantes o períodos menstruales muy seguidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lubricantes a base de agua para tratar la sequedad vaginal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para las relaciones sexuales dolorosas causadas por los cambios vaginales de la menopausia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia cognitivo conductual, un tipo de terapia de conversación, para los problemas de sueño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Tratamientos hormonales&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otro tratamiento para estos síntomas es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;terapia hormonal&lt;/a&gt; para la menopausia. También conoce como terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH). En general, este tratamiento se realiza con estrógeno o estrógeno más progestina (un tipo de progesterona que se produce en un laboratorio). La terapia hormonal se puede administrar en pastillas, parches para la piel, anillos, implantes, gel o cremas. Se puede usar para tratar síntomas como sofocos y sequedad vaginal y para ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al igual que todos los medicamentos, la terapia hormonal para la menopausia tiene beneficios y riesgos. Hable con su profesional de la salud para saber si es segura para usted. Si decide tomarla, su proveedor de atención médica puede recomendarle que tome la dosis más baja que funcione durante el menor tiempo posible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Suplementos, hierbas y cremas hormonales "naturales"&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios productos en el mercado para los síntomas de la menopausia. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplementos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;hierbas&lt;/a&gt; y cremas hormonales "naturales" de venta libre. Se han hecho investigaciones sobre muchos de estos productos, pero hasta ahora no se ha demostrado claramente que ninguno de ellos sea útil. Además, hay poca información sobre la seguridad a largo plazo de estos productos. Algunos suplementos pueden tener efectos secundarios dañinos o pueden interactuar con medicamentos. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de utilizar cualquiera de ellos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html" id="62" language="English">Menopause</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3685">Insuficiencia ovárica primaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033">Menstruación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="2252">Terapia de reemplazo hormonal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Perimenopausia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sofocos</see-reference>
<site title="Amenorrea: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calores súbitos (sofocos): ¿Qué puedo hacer?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/menopausia/calores-subitos-sofocos-puedo-hacer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/hot-flashes-what-can-i-do">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el aparato reproductor femenino con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004016.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decidir sobre la terapia hormonal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la menopausia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000894_85.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000894_55.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hormona luteinizante (HL) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormonas bioidénticas: ¿Son más seguras?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/menopausia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/menopause.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menopause/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menopause" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000894.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia precoz o prematura" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/early-or-premature-menopause">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia y las hormonas: Preguntas comunes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/la-menopausia-y-las-hormonas-preguntas-comunes-menopause-hormones-common-questions" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/130242/download">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia y los problemas para dormir: ¿Qué puedo hacer?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/menopausia/menopausia-problemas-dormir-puedo-hacer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/sleep-problems-and-menopause-what-can-i-do">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia y riesgo cardiovascular" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/know-your-risk/menopause/menopause-and-cardiovascular-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/menopausia-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/menopause-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menopause/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perimenopausia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/perimenopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20354666?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/perimenopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20354666?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparación para la menopausia: Cambio de la mediana edad de una mujer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/preparacion-para-la-menopausia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/preparing-menopause">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la hormona antimulleriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Realidad del aumento de peso durante la menopausia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sequedad vaginal después de la menopausia: ¿Cómo tratarla?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/vaginal-dryness/faq-20115086?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sofocos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hot-flashes/symptoms-causes/syc-20352790?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la boca ardiente" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/sindrome-boca-ardiente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/burning-mouth">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de reemplazo hormonal: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de terapia hormonal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el cáncer: Menopausia temprana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000912.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la menopausia" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menopause-treatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las señales y síntomas de la menopausia?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_QBnVkQGps" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nMdn6EI6WA">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la menopausia?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menopause/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para otros síntomas de la menopausia?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menopause/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostica la amenorrea?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Existe una relación entre la menopausia y la presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058406?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la menopausia?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/menopausia/menopausia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/what-menopause">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la menopausia?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKvydd-1LT8" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=af-356SbCkY">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué provoca la amenorrea?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion/provoca">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La menstruación (período) normalmente ocurre cada mes. El cuerpo se libera del recubrimiento del útero. Entérese sobre los problemas que pueden ocurrir." title="Menstruación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Período</also-called>
<also-called>Regla</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La menstruación o período, es el sangrado vaginal normal que ocurre como parte del ciclo mensual de la mujer. Todos los meses, su cuerpo se prepara para un posible embarazo. Si esto no ocurre, el útero, se desprende de su recubrimiento. Esta es la sangre menstrual, que sale del cuerpo a través de la vagina. Esta sangre es parte sangre y parte tejido del interior del útero.  &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los períodos suelen comenzar alrededor de los 12 años y continúan hasta la menopausia, cerca de los 51 años. La mayoría de las menstruaciones dura entre tres y cinco días. Además del sangrado, usted puede sentir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/periodpain.html"&gt;Dolores o calambres abdominales o pélvicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de espalda baja &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hinchazón y dolor en los senos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Antojo de algún alimento en particular &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Irritabilidad y cambios de humor &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de cabeza y cansancio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome premenstrual&lt;/a&gt;  es un grupo de síntomas que comienza antes de la menstruación. Puede incluir síntomas emocionales como físicos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Consulte a su proveedor de cuidados de salud si usted experimenta grandes cambios en su ciclo. Esto puede ser un signo de otros problemas que quizás deban ser tratados.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html" id="325" language="English">Menstruation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3685">Insuficiencia ovárica primaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" id="2032">Menopausia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4876">Sangrado vaginal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html" id="3794">Síndrome premenstrual</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amenorrea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dilatación y curetaje</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dismenorrea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome del Shock Tóxico</see-reference>
<site title="Ablación endometrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007632.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca de los trastornos hemorrágicos en las mujeres" url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/es/about/acerca-de-los-trastornos-hemorragicos-en-las-mujeres.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/about/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del sangrado menstrual abundante" url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/es/about/acerca-del-sangrado-menstrual-abundante.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/about/heavy-menstrual-bleeding.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenomiosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amenorrea" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/amenorrhea">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amenorrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/amenorrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/amenorrhea.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ausencia de periodos menstruales primaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001218.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ausencia de períodos menstruales secundaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001219.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia endometrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciclo menstrual" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/biolog%C3%ADa-del-aparato-reproductor-femenino/ciclo-menstrual" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/menstrual-cycle">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciclo menstrual" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ciclo menstrual: Qué es normal y qué no" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menstrual-cycle/art-20047186?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menstrual-cycle/art-20047186?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco cosas que las niñas quieren saber sobre los períodos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/five-period.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/five-period.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compresas y tampones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pads-tampons.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pads-tampons.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólicos menstruales" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/colicos-menstruales/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/menstrual-cramps/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con sus hijos sobre la menstruación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-about-menstruation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-about-menstruation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor intermenstrual" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor pélvico intermenstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001503.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dra. Stacey Missmer sobre la menstruación dolorosa en adolescentes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-dra-stacey-missmer-sobre-la-menstruacion-dolorosa-en" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/dr-stacey-missmer-painful-periods-teens">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para utilizar tu primer tampón" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/tu-primer-tampon/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/tampons/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre los tampones y cómo usarlos con seguridad" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/informacion-sobre-los-tampones-y-como-usarlos-con-seguridad" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-tampons-and-how-use-them-safely">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menorragia (sangrado menstrual intenso)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352829?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menstruación y problemas menstruales" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menstruación y problemas menstruales: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periodos menstruales irregulares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/irregular-periods.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/irregular-periods.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Período menstrual" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-periodo-menstrual/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/2010/04/21/menstrual-periods/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del ciclo menstrual" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-del-ciclo-menstrual/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/menstrual-cycle-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas menstruales: Fibromas, endometriosis y otros problemas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-menstruales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/period-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la hormona antimulleriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Píldoras anticonceptivas: usos médicos" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/usos-medicos-de-la-pildora-anticonceptiva/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retrasar el período menstrual con un método anticonceptivo hormonal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/womens-health/art-20044044?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/womens-health/art-20044044?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentirse limpia y fresca" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feminine-hygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feminine-hygiene.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas premenstruales, dolores menstruales y menstruaciones irregulares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/menstrual-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/menstrual-problems.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas premenstruales, dolores menstruales y menstruaciones irregulares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/menstrual-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstrual-problems.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de reemplazo hormonal: ¿Puede causar sangrado vaginal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Todo sobre la menstruación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/menstruation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstruation.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Todo sobre la menstruación (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/menstruation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/menstruation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos menstruales en las adolescentes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/paginas/menstrual-disorders.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Menstrual-Disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triada de la atleta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/triad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/triad.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tríada de la atleta femenina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/triada-de-la-mujer-deportista-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/female-athlete-triad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la amenorrea?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos comunes para las irregularidades menstruales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo me vendrá la menstruación?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/when-period.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/when-period.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos las irregularidades menstruales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Quién corre riesgo de sufrir amenorrea?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa las irregularidades menstruales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/causa" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las irregularidades menstruales?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/irregularidades" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/irregularities">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos hay para la amenorrea?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/amenorrhea/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Menstruation (or period) happens monthly. As the uterus sheds its lining, vaginal bleeding follows. Menstrual blood is made of blood and tissue." title="Menstruation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html" id="325" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Menses</also-called>
<also-called>Menstrual period</also-called>
<also-called>Period</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus, or womb, sheds its lining. The menstrual blood is partly blood and partly tissue from inside the uterus. It passes out of the body through the vagina. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Periods usually start between age 11 and 14 and continue until &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt; at about age 51. They usually last from three to five days. Besides bleeding from the vagina, you may have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html"&gt;Abdominal or pelvic cramping pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower back pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating and sore breasts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Food cravings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mood swings and irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headache and fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html"&gt;Premenstrual syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, or PMS, is a group of symptoms that start before the period. It can include emotional and physical symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Consult your health care provider if you have big changes in your cycle. They may be signs of other problems that should be treated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033" language="Spanish">Menstruación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008598">Menstruation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008599">Menstruation Disturbances</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menstruation.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menstruation.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menstruation.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menstruation.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/menstruation.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html" id="62">Menopause</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html" id="6415">Period Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html" id="3793">Premenstrual Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3684">Primary Ovarian Insufficiency</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4875">Vaginal Bleeding</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amenorrhea</see-reference>
<site title="About Heavy Menstrual Bleeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/about/heavy-menstrual-bleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/es/about/acerca-del-sangrado-menstrual-abundante.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Menstruation" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Absent menstrual periods - primary" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001218.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Absent menstrual periods - secondary" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001219.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenomyosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="All about Periods (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/menstruation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/menstruation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="All about Periods (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstruation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/menstruation.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amenorrhea" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/amenorrhea" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anti-Müllerian Hormone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Black Cohosh" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/black-cohosh">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chasteberry" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chasteberry">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amenorrhea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Amenorrhea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Menstruation Disturbances" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Menstruation+Disturbances%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delaying Your Period with Birth Control Pills" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/womens-health/art-20044044?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/womens-health/art-20044044?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial ablation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007632.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feeling Fresh" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feminine-hygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feminine-hygiene.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Athlete Triad" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/female-athlete-triad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/triada-de-la-mujer-deportista-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Five Things to Know About Periods" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/five-period.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/five-period.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Menstrual Irregularities?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/diagnostican">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Irregular Periods" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/irregular-periods.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/irregular-periods.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause Hormone Therapy: Does It Cause Vaginal Bleeding?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menorrhagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352829?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menstrual Cycle" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menstrual Cycle: What's Normal, What's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menstrual-cycle/art-20047186?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menstrual-cycle/art-20047186?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mittelschmerz" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mittelschmerz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001503.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noncontraceptive Benefits of Birth Control Pills" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/noncontraceptive-benefits-of-birth-control-pills/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/beneficios_no_contraceptivos_de_las_pilaoras_anticonceptivas-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pads and Tampons (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pads-tampons.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pads-tampons.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Period Problems: Fibroids, Endometriosis, and Other Issues" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/period-problems" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-menstruales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Period Products: Using Your First Tampon" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/tampons/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/tu-primer-tampon/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="PMS, Cramps, and Irregular Periods (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/menstrual-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/menstrual-problems.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="PMS, Cramps, and Irregular Periods (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstrual-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/menstrual-problems.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menstrual cycle" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Menstruation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Menstruation+Disturbances%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Child About Periods" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-about-menstruation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-about-menstruation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Facts on Tampons -- and How to Use Them Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-tampons-and-how-use-them-safely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/informacion-sobre-los-tampones-y-como-usarlos-con-seguridad">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxic-shock-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355384?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Menstrual Irregularities?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/irregularities" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/irregularidades">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Common Treatments for Menstrual Irregularities?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Amenorrhea?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/amenorrhea/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/amenorrhea/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Menstrual Irregularities?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menstruation/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Will I Get My Period? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/when-period.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/when-period.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your First Period" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/your-first-period" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Tu-primer-periodo-menstrual">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mental disorders (also called mental illness) include a wide range of problems. There are many causes. Learn more about what can help." title="Mental Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676" language="English" date-created="11/02/2010">
<also-called>Mental illness</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are mental disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mental disorders (or mental illnesses) are conditions that affect your thinking, feeling, mood, and behavior. They may happen over a short period of time or come and go. Some can be chronic (long-lasting). They can affect your ability to relate to others and function each day..&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are some types of mental disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of mental disorders. Some common ones include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety disorders&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html"&gt;panic disorder&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html"&gt;obsessive-compulsive disorder&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html"&gt;phobias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;bipolar disorder&lt;/a&gt;, and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html"&gt;mood disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;Eating disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html"&gt;Personality disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;Post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt; (PTSD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psychoticdisorders.html"&gt;Psychotic disorders&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html"&gt;schizophrenia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes mental disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no single cause for mental illness. A number of factors can contribute to risk for mental illness, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your genes and family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your life experiences, such as stress or a history of abuse, especially if they happen in childhood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Biological factors such as chemical imbalances in the brain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatic brain injury&lt;/a&gt; (TBI)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prenatal (before birth) exposure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html"&gt;toxic chemicals&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;other substances&lt;/a&gt; such as alcohol and drugs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;recreational drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a serious medical condition like cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having few friends, and feeling lonely or isolated&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mental disorders are not caused by character flaws. They have nothing to do with being lazy or weak.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for mental disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mental disorders are common. Many Americans will be diagnosed with a mental disorder at some time in their life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are mental disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The steps to getting a diagnosis include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam and possibly lab tests, if your provider thinks that other medical conditions could be causing your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/"&gt;psychological evaluation&lt;/a&gt;. You will answer questions about your thinking, feelings, and behaviors.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for mental disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on which mental disorder you have and how serious it is. You and your provider will work on a treatment plan just for you. It usually involves some type of therapy. You may also take medicines. Some people also need social support and education on managing their condition.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, you may need more intensive treatment. You may need to go to a psychiatric hospital.  This could be because your mental illness is severe. Or it could be because you are at risk of hurting yourself or someone else. In the hospital, you will get counseling, group discussions, and activities with mental health professionals and other patients.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html" id="5677" language="Spanish">Trastornos mentales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067250">Psychiatric Rehabilitation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001523">Mental Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html" id="144">Anxiety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html" id="600">Bipolar Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162">Child Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/compulsivegambling.html" id="4308">Compulsive Gambling</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html" id="5562">Delirium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113">Depression</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html" id="237">Eating Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35">Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html" id="6063">Mood Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html" id="471">Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7427">Older Adult Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html" id="601">Panic Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html" id="4117">Personality Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html" id="360">Phobias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="367">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psychoticdisorders.html" id="4180">Psychotic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html" id="392">Schizophrenia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html" id="6091">Self-Harm</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html" id="424">Suicide</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637">Teen Mental Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Psychiatric Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="Adjustment disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000932.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Psychiatric Association" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Behavioral Health Equity" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/behavioral-health-equity">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Dysmorphic Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938?p=1">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Functional neurological disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000954.htm">
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<site title="How to Choose a Psychologist" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/choose-therapist?partner=nlm">
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<site title="Illness anxiety disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001236.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001236.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2020-nsduh-annual-national-report">
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<site title="Mental Health Providers: Tips on Finding One" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1">
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<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
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<site title="Mental Health Screening Center" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/mental-health-screening-center/">
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<site title="Mental Health: Data and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/data_publications/index.htm">
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<site title="Mental Health: Overcoming the Stigma of Mental Illness" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health/ART-20046477?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health/art-20046477?p=1">
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<site title="Mental Health: What's Normal, What's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1">
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<site title="Mental Illness" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968?p=1">
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<site title="Mental Illness and the Family: Recognizing Warning Signs and How to Cope" url="https://www.mhanational.org/recognizing-warning-signs">
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<site title="Mental Illness Statistics" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics">
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<site title="Munchausen syndrome by proxy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001555.htm">
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<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
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<site title="Older Adult Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
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<site title="Perry syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/perry-syndrome">
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<site title="Psychiatric Advance Directives: Getting Started" url="https://nrc-pad.org/getting-started/">
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<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
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<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
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<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
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<site title="Mental Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Psychiatric+Rehabilitation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Mental+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Rural Mental Health" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/mental-health">
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<site title="Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastornos-somatomorfos-es/?adfree=true">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="State by State Info (Psychiatric Advance Directives)" url="https://nrc-pad.org/states/">
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<site title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/">
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="What to Know Before Stopping Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-19-1580418376&amp;amp;.pdf">
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<site title="Women and Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/women-and-mental-health">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. Your mental health can change over time." title="Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35" language="English" date-created="11/20/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is mental health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being.  It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life. It also helps determine how we handle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html"&gt;childhood&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html"&gt;adolescence&lt;/a&gt; through adulthood and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html"&gt;aging&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are mental disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Mental disorders&lt;/a&gt; are serious conditions that can affect your thinking, mood, and behavior. They may be occasional or long-lasting. They can affect your ability to relate to others and function each day. Mental disorders are common; many Americans will be diagnosed with one at some time in their life. But there are treatments. People with mental disorders can get better, and many of them recover completely.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why is mental health important?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mental health is important because it can help you to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cope with the stresses of life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be physically healthy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have good relationships&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make meaningful contributions to your community&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work productively&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realize your full potential&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your mental health is also important because it can affect your physical health. For example, mental disorders can raise your risk for physical health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can affect my mental health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different factors that can affect your mental health, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of mental health problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, and substance use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also affect your mental health by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;taking steps to improve it&lt;/a&gt;, such as doing meditation, using relaxation techniques, and practicing gratitude.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can my mental health change over time?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time, your mental health can change. For example, you may be dealing with a difficult situation, such as trying to manage a chronic illness, taking care of an ill relative, or facing money problems. The situation may wear you out and overwhelm your ability to cope with it. This can worsen your mental health. On the other hand, getting therapy may improve your mental health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs that I might have a mental health problem?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When it comes to your emotions, it can be hard to know what is normal and what is not. There are warning signs that you may have a mental health problem, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A change in your eating or sleeping habits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Withdrawing from the people and activities you enjoy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having low or no energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling numb or like nothing matters&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having unexplained aches and pains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling helpless or hopeless&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, angry, upset, worried, or scared&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having severe mood swings that cause problems in your relationships&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having thoughts and memories that you can't get out of your head&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hearing voices or believing things that are not true&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinking of harming yourself or others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to perform daily tasks like taking care of your kids or getting to work or school&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should I do if I think I have a mental health problem?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you think that you may have a mental health problem, get help. Talk therapy and/or medicines can treat mental disorders. If you don't know where to start, contact your primary care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034" language="Spanish">Salud mental</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008603">Mental Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162">Child Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7407">How to Improve Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676">Mental Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7427">Older Adult Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637">Teen Mental Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Emotional Health</see-reference>
<site title="American Psychiatric Association" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/">
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<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
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<site title="Anger Management: 10 Tips to Tame Your Temper" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/anger-management/art-20045434?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/anger-management/art-20045434?p=1">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mental Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mental+Health%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Good Mental Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Improve Mental Health: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn to manage your anger" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000858.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000858.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Men and Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health and Heart Health" url="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-lifestyle/mental-health-and-wellbeing/mental-health-and-heart-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health: Keeping Your Emotional Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/mental-health-keeping-your-emotional-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/salud-mental-como-mantener-su-salud-emocional/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health: What's Normal, What's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mind/Body Connection: How Your Emotions Affect Your Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/mindbody-connection-how-your-emotions-affect-your-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conexion-entre-mente-y-cuerpo-como-sus-emociones-afectan-su-salud/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="My Mental Health: Do I Need Help?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/my-mental-health-do-i-need-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/necesito-ayuda-para-mi-salud-mental">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Adult Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mental+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Mental Health: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Mental Health?" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.mentalhealth.gov/básicos/qué-es-la-salud-mental/33s4/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es importante proteger a su familia de la exposición al mercurio. Entérese aquí sobre la toxicidad del mercurio y cómo limitar la exposición a este metal." title="Mercurio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html" id="2035" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El mercurio es un elemento que se encuentra en el aire, el agua y el suelo. Existe en varias formas. El mercurio metálico es un líquido brillante, de un plateado blanquecino y sin olor. Cuando se calienta, es un gas sin olor ni color. También se combina con otros elementos para formar polvos o cristales. El mercurio se encuentra en muchos productos. El mercurio metálico se utiliza en termómetros de vidrio, tapaduras dentales de plata y pilas de botón. Las sales de mercurio pueden utilizarse en cremas y pomadas para la piel. También se usa en muchas industrias. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El mercurio en el aire se asienta en el agua. Puede pasar a través de la cadena alimenticia y acumularse en pescados, mariscos y los animales que comen pescado. El sistema nervioso es sensible a todas las formas de mercurio. Su exposición a altos niveles puede dañar el cerebro y los riñones. Las embarazadas pueden pasarle el mercurio de sus cuerpos a los bebés. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante proteger a su familia contra la exposición al mercurio:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Maneje y deseche cuidadosamente productos que contengan mercurio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limite el consumo de pescado con altos niveles de mercurio&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html" id="1436" language="English">Mercury</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="ATSDR en español" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos básicos sobre el mercurio: Efectos a la salud por exposición al mercurio" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/11-229617-FSpan-508_Efectos_a_laSalud.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/11-229617-E-508_HealthEffects.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="De qué forma las personas están expuestas al mercurio" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/de-que-forma-las-personas-estan-expuestas-al-mercurio">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos en la salud por la exposición al mercurio" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/efectos-en-la-salud-por-la-exposicion-al-mercurio" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con cloruro de mercurio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002474.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con mercurio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002476.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con mercurio vinculada a productos para la piel" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/intoxicacion-por-mercurio-vinculada-productos-para-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mercury-poisoning-linked-skin-products">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con óxido de mercurio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002475.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limpieza de los vertidos de mercurio en su hogar" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/Residential_Hg_Spill_Cleanup_ES.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mercurio" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts46.html" language-mapped-url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=113&amp;toxid=24">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercurio" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/informacion-basica-sobre-el-mercurio" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/mercury/basic-information-about-mercury">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pescado y el embarazo: ¿Qué se puede comer con seguridad?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Fish-Pregnancy-What-is-Safe-to-Eat.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/pages/fish-pregnancy-what-is-safe-to-eat.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de metales pesados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-metales-pesados/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It is important to protect your family from mercury exposure. Learn about mercury and how to limit exposure. " title="Mercury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html" id="1436" language="English" date-created="04/16/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Mercury is an element that is found in air, water and soil. It has several forms. Metallic mercury is a shiny, silver-white, odorless liquid. If heated, it is a colorless, odorless gas. It also combines with other elements to form powders or crystals. Mercury is in many products. Metallic mercury is used in glass thermometers, silver dental fillings, and button batteries. Mercury salts may be used in skin creams and ointments. It's also used in many industries. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mercury in the air settles into water.  It can pass through the food chain and build up in fish, shellfish, and animals that eat fish. The nervous system is sensitive to all forms of mercury. Exposure to high levels can damage the brain and kidneys. Pregnant women can pass the mercury in their bodies to their babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to protect your family from mercury exposure:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carefully handle and dispose of products that contain mercury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limit your consumption of fish with higher levels of mercury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html" id="2035" language="Spanish">Mercurio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008630">Mercury Poisoning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008628">Mercury</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mercury.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mercury.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mercury.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mercury.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mercury.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="Basic Information about Mercury" url="https://www.epa.gov/mercury/basic-information-about-mercury" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/informacion-basica-sobre-el-mercurio">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mercury Poisoning" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mercury+Poisoning%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Amalgam Fillings" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/dental-devices/dental-amalgam-fillings">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Effects of Exposures to Mercury" url="https://www.epa.gov/mercury/health-effects-exposures-mercury" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/efectos-en-la-salud-por-la-exposicion-al-mercurio">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heavy Metal Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heavy-metal-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-metales-pesados/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mercuric chloride poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002474.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercuric oxide poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002475.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/mercury">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mercury" url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=113&amp;toxid=24" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts46.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury and Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/mercury-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-mercurio.aspx">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury and Your Health" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002476.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury Poisoning Linked to Skin Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mercury-poisoning-linked-skin-products" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/intoxicacion-por-mercurio-vinculada-productos-para-la-piel">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury Quick Facts: Health Effects of Mercury Exposure" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/11-229617-E-508_HealthEffects.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/11-229617-FSpan-508_Efectos_a_laSalud.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mercury" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mercury%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Mercury+Poisoning%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should I Be Concerned about Eating Fish and Shellfish?" url="https://www.epa.gov/choose-fish-and-shellfish-wisely/should-i-be-concerned-about-eating-fish-and-shellfish">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Storing, Transporting and Disposing of Mercury in Your Home" url="https://www.epa.gov/mercury/storing-transporting-and-disposing-mercury">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thimerosal and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/thimerosal.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El mesotelioma es un tumor del mesotelio, un tejido que cubre los pulmones y otros órganos. Puede ser benigno (no canceroso) o maligno (canceroso). " title="Mesotelioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mesothelioma.html" id="4015" language="Spanish" date-created="04/03/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El tejido que recubre los pulmones, el estómago, el corazón y otros órganos se llama mesotelio. El mesotelioma, también conocido como mesotelioma maligno, es un cáncer que afecta a ese tejido. Suele comenzar en los pulmones, pero también puede comenzar en el abdomen u otros órganos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El mesotelioma es raro pero serio. La mayoría de las personas que lo padece ha vivido y trabajado en lugares donde inhalaron partículas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html"&gt;asbesto&lt;/a&gt;. Tras haber sido expuesto al asbesto, en general toma mucho tiempo para que la enfermedad aparezca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor debajo de la caja torácica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor, hinchazón o bultos en el abdomen&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A veces, es difícil reconocer la diferencia entre el mesotelioma maligno y el cáncer de pulmón. Para saber si tiene mesotelioma, su profesional de la salud probablemente usará un examen físico, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Con frecuencia, el mesotelioma maligno se detecta cuando ya está avanzado. Esto lo hace más difícil de tratar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida, la que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mesothelioma.html" id="4014" language="English">Mesothelioma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html" id="1758">Asbesto</related-topic>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en el tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (mesotelioma maligno)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis por radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del mesotelioma maligno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al asbesto y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/asbesto/hoja-informativa-asbesto" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el mesotelioma maligno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mesotelioma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mesothelioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375022?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mesothelioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375022?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesotelioma benigno y fibroso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000116.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesotelioma maligno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000115.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesotelioma maligno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mesotelioma-maligno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Si usted tiene mesotelioma maligno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mesotelioma-maligno/si-usted-tiene-mesotelioma-maligno.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del mesotelioma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/child-mesothelioma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mesothelioma is a tumor of mesothelium, a tissue that lines lungs and other organs. Most people who get it have inhaled asbestos. Read the symptoms. " title="Mesothelioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mesothelioma.html" id="4014" language="English" date-created="11/30/2004">
<also-called>Malignant mesothelioma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The tissue that lines your lungs, stomach, heart, and other organs is called mesothelium. Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is cancer of that tissue. It usually starts in the lungs, but can also start in the abdomen or other organs. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Malignant mesothelioma is rare but serious. Most people who get it have worked or lived in places where they inhaled or swallowed &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html"&gt;asbestos&lt;/a&gt; particles. After being exposed to asbestos, it usually takes a long time for the disease to form.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain under the rib cage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain, swelling, or lumps in the abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no known reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it is hard to tell the difference between malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. To find out if you have mesothelioma, your health care provider will likely use a physical exam, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, and a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Malignant mesothelioma is often found when it is advanced. This makes it harder to treat. Treatment options may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mesothelioma.html" id="4015" language="Spanish">Mesotelioma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008654">Mesothelioma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mesothelioma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html" id="1330">Asbestos</related-topic>
<site title="Abdominal radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/asbesto/hoja-informativa-asbesto">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Malignant Mesothelioma Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma/detection-diagnosis-staging/found-early.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Mesothelioma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/child-mesothelioma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mesothelioma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mesothelioma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Malignant Mesothelioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/mesothelioma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Malignant Mesothelioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Malignant Mesothelioma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Mesothelioma" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/mesothelioma/learn-about-mesothelioma">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malignant Mesothelioma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mesotelioma-maligno.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malignant mesothelioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000115.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000115.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesothelioma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mesothelioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375022?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mesothelioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375022?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mesothelioma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mesothelioma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Solitary fibrous tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000116.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Malignant Mesothelioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Malignant Mesothelioma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Malignant Mesothelioma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma/patient/mesothelioma-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mesotelioma/paciente/tratamiento-mesotelioma-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Malignant Mesothelioma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/malignant-mesothelioma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your metabolism makes energy from the food you eat. A metabolic disorder disrupts this process. One example is diabetes. Learn more." title="Metabolic Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703" language="English" date-created="08/08/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Metabolism is the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues, such as your liver, muscles, and body fat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A metabolic disorder occurs when abnormal chemical reactions in your body disrupt this process. When this happens, you might have too much of some substances or too little of other ones that you need to stay healthy. There are different groups of disorders. Some affect the breakdown of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;amino acids&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;lipids&lt;/a&gt;. Another group, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html"&gt;mitochondrial diseases&lt;/a&gt;, affects the parts of the cells that produce the energy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can develop a metabolic disorder when some organs, such as your liver or pancreas, become diseased or do not function normally. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; is an example. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277" language="Spanish">Trastornos metabólicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008659">Metabolic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6385">Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyloidosis.html" id="5273">Amyloidosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6389">Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders</related-topic>
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<see-reference>Mucolipidoses</see-reference>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="What Is a Urea Cycle Disorder?" url="https://nucdf.org/about-ucd/what-is-a-ucd/">
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<organization>National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Metabolic syndrome (also called insulin resistance syndrome) is a group of conditions that put you at risk for heart disease and diabetes. Read more." title="Metabolic Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html" id="3528" language="English" date-created="07/21/2003">
<also-called>Insulin resistance syndrome</also-called>
<also-called>Metabolic syndrome X</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is metabolic syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, and other health problems. You can have just one risk factor, but people often have several of them together. When you have at least three of them, it is called metabolic syndrome. These risk factors include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A large waistline, also called abdominal obesity or "having an apple shape." Too much fat around the stomach is a greater risk factor for heart disease than too much fat in other parts of the body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a high &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglyceride&lt;/a&gt; level. Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a low &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL cholesterol level&lt;/a&gt;. HDL is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from your arteries.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;. If your blood pressure stays high over time, it can damage your heart and lead to other health problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a high fasting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;. Mildly high blood sugar may be an early sign of diabetes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The more factors you have, the higher your risk for heart disease, diabetes, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; is.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes metabolic syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Metabolic syndrome has several causes that act together:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overweight and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;inactive lifestyle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body can't use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps move blood sugar into your cells to give them energy. Insulin resistance can lead to high blood sugar levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Age - your risk goes up as get older&lt;/li&gt;   
&lt;li&gt;Genetics - ethnicity and family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People who have metabolic syndrome often also have excessive &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clotting&lt;/a&gt; and inflammation throughout the body. Researchers don't know whether these conditions cause metabolic syndrome or worsen it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for metabolic syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most important risk factors for metabolic syndrome are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal obesity (a large waistline)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An inactive lifestyle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insulin resistance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are certain groups of people who have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some racial and ethnic groups. Mexican Americans have the highest rate of metabolic syndrome, followed by whites and blacks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have a sibling or parent who has diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PCOS)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who take medicines that cause weight gain or changes in blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood sugar levels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of metabolic syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most of the metabolic risk factors have no obvious signs or symptoms, except for a large waistline.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider will diagnose metabolic syndrome based on the results of a physical exam and blood tests. You must have at least three of the risk factors to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A large waistline&lt;/strong&gt;, which means a waist measurement of 
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;35 inches or more for women&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;40 inches or more for men&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A high triglyceride level&lt;/strong&gt;, which is 150 mg/dL or higher&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A low HDL cholesterol level&lt;/strong&gt;, which is
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Less than 50 mg/dL for women&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Less than 40 mg/dL for men&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a reading of 130/85 mmHg or higher.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A high fasting blood sugar&lt;/strong&gt;, which is 100 mg/dL or higher&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for metabolic syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most important treatment for metabolic syndrome is a heart-healthy lifestyle, which includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A heart-healthy eating plan, which limits the amount of saturated and trans fats that you eat. It encourages you to choose a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Aiming for a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; (or not starting if you don't already smoke)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If making lifestyle changes is not enough, you may need to take medicines. For example, you may need medicines to lower cholesterol or blood pressure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can metabolic syndrome be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best way to prevent metabolic syndrome is through the heart-healthy lifestyle changes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html" id="3529" language="Spanish">Síndrome metabólico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D024821">Metabolic Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html" id="142">Angina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703">Metabolic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61">Obesity</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html" id="5784">Prediabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Insulin Resistance</see-reference>
<see-reference>Syndrome X (Metabolic)</see-reference>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/cardiovascular-disease-and-type-2-diabetes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Insulin Resistance" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Insulin+Resistance%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Metabolic Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Metabolic+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Stroke" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/diabetes-enfermedades-cardiacas-accidentes-cerebrovasculares">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/resistencia-insulina-prediabetes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007290.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/metabolic-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-metabolico-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/metabolic-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/metabolic-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/obesity" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/las-hormonas-y-la-obesidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Metabolic+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-and-diagnosis-of-metabolic-syndrome">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Metabolic Syndrome?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/metabolic-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sindrome-metabolico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La metanfetamina es una droga estimulante muy adictiva. Entérese cuáles son los síntomas de la adicción y los graves problemas de salud que puede provocar." title="Metanfetamina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html" id="1737" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Drogas estimulantes</also-called>
<also-called>Speed</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La metanfetamina es una droga estimulante muy adictiva. Es un polvo que se puede presentar como una píldora o una roca brillante (llamada cristal). El polvo se puede ingerir o inhalar por la nariz. También se puede mezclar con un líquido e inyectarse con una aguja. La metanfetamina cristal se fuma en una pequeña pipa de vidrio.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al principio la droga provoca una oleada de buenos sentimientos, pero luego los usuarios se sienten nerviosos, demasiado excitados, enojados o asustados. El uso de metanfetamina puede llevar rápidamente a la adicción. Esto causa problemas médicos, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Elevar tanto su temperatura corporal que puede desmayarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Picazón severa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sufrir "boca de metanfetamina", con dientes rotos y boca seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para pensar y emocionales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html" id="134" language="English">Methamphetamine</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html" id="1869">Consumo de drogas y la adicción</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso de metanfetamina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Anfetamina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Yaba</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso y adicción a la metanfetamina: Reporte de investigación" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/abuso-y-adiccion-la-metanfetamina/panorama-general" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/overview">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boca de meta" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/meth_mouth_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dextroanfetamina" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/dextroanfetamina/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/dextroamphetamine-pregnancy/pdf/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metanfetamina" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-metanfetamina" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/methamphetamine">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del uso de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta del cerebro a la metanfetamina" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/metanfetamina" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/methamphetamine">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de metanfetaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007480.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de sustancias: Anfetaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Están en riesgo de contraer el VIH/sida y la hepatitis B y C las personas que consumen metanfetamina en forma indebida?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/abuso-y-adiccion-la-metanfetamina/corren-riesgo-los-abusadores-de-la-metanfetamina-de-contrae">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la metanfetamina? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-meth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-meth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Methamphetamine (also known as meth or crystal meth) is a very addictive drug. Read about the signs of meth addiction and health problems it causes." title="Methamphetamine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html" id="134" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<also-called>Chalk</also-called>
<also-called>Crystal</also-called>
<also-called>Glass</also-called>
<also-called>Ice</also-called>
<also-called>Meth</also-called>
<also-called>Speed</also-called>
<also-called>Tina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Methamphetamine - meth for short - is a very addictive stimulant drug.  It is a powder that can be made into a pill or a shiny rock (called a crystal). The powder can be eaten or snorted up the nose. It can also be mixed with liquid and injected into your body with a needle. Crystal meth is smoked in a small glass pipe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Meth at first causes a rush of good feelings, but then users feel edgy, overly excited, angry, or afraid.  Meth use can quickly lead to addiction. It causes medical problems including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making your body temperature so high that you pass out&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe itching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;"Meth mouth" - broken teeth and dry mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinking and emotional problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html" id="1737" language="Spanish">Metanfetamina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008694">Methamphetamine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/methamphetamine.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/methamphetamine.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/methamphetamine.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/methamphetamine.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/methamphetamine.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html" id="30">Drug Use and Addiction</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amphetamines</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Methamphetamine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Methamphetamine%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crystal Meth (Methamphetamine)" url="https://drugfree.org/drugs/crystal-meth-methamphetamine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dextroamphetamine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/dextroamphetamine-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/dextroanfetamina/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Use Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methamphetamine" url="https://www.dea.gov/galleries/drug-images/methamphetamine">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methamphetamine" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/methamphetamine" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/la-metanfetamina">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methamphetamine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007480.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mind Matters: The Body's Response to Methamphetamine" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/methamphetamine" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/metanfetamina">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methamphetamine" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Methamphetamine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Research Reports: Methamphetamine" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/overview" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/abuso-y-adiccion-la-metanfetamina/panorama-general">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- amphetamines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000792.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Teens: The Truth about Methamphetamine (Meth)" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep18-03.pdf">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Methamphetamine (Meth)?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-meth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-meth.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La miastenia grave es una enfermedad autoinmune que debilita los músculos. Infórmese sobre las causas, los síntomas y el tratamiento de la miastenia grave." title="Miastenia grave" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html" id="2045" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la miastenia grave?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La miastenia grave (también llamada miastenia gravis) es una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) que causa debilidad en los músculos voluntarios. Los músculos voluntarios son los que puede controlar. Incluyen los que se utilizan para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Movimiento de ojos y párpados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Expresiones de la cara&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Masticar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mover los brazos y las piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;También puede tener debilidad en otros músculos. Esta empeora con la actividad y mejora con el reposo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La miastenia grave es un tipo de enfermedad autoinmune. En las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;, su sistema inmunitario ataca por error a las células sanas de sus órganos y tejidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la miastenia grave?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La miastenia grave es causada por un error en la forma en que se envían las señales nerviosas a los músculos. Estas señales se bloquean en la unión nervio-músculo, el lugar donde las terminaciones nerviosas se conectan con los músculos que controlan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, el funcionamiento de las señales consiste en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las señales viajan por un nervio que controla el movimiento en el músculo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las terminaciones nerviosas liberan una sustancia llamada acetilcolina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La acetilcolina se une al tejido muscular en la unión nervio-músculo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esto hace que el músculo se contraiga (se mueva)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero en la miastenia grave, el propio sistema inmunitario del cuerpo produce anticuerpos que bloquean la unión de la acetilcolina al músculo, debilitándolos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La glándula timo, que forma parte del sistema inmunitario, puede tener un papel en la miastenia grave. Normalmente, su glándula timo está activa y creciendo cuando es niño. Produce glóbulos blancos para combatir infecciones. En la pubertad, comienza a achicarse y es reemplazada por grasa. Por lo general, es pequeña en la adultez. Pero en muchos adultos con miastenia grave, el timo permanece grande. Y algunas personas con miastenia grave pueden desarrollar timomas o tumores del timo. Usualmente, son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;benignos&lt;/a&gt; (no cancerosos), pero en ocasiones pueden volverse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thymuscancer.html"&gt;cancerosos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener miastenia grave?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque la miastenia grave puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad, es más común en mujeres adultas jóvenes (menores de 40 años) y hombres mayores (60 años o más). Por lo general, no se hereda (se transmite de padres a hijos).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, la miastenia grave no afecta a los bebés, pero es posible que las personas embarazadas con miastenia grave transmitan los anticuerpos a sus bebés por nacer. Entonces, el bebé puede nacer con miastenia neonatal. Esta afección suele ser temporal y los síntomas suelen desaparecer entre dos y tres meses después del nacimiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la miastenia grave?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la miastenia grave dependen de los músculos afectados. Los síntomas suelen incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html"&gt;músculos de los ojos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Caída de uno o ambos párpados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visión borrosa o doble&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en las expresiones del rostro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Dificultad para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas del habla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad en brazos, manos, dedos, piernas y cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diferentes personas tienen diferentes niveles de debilidad muscular. Y la debilidad puede variar de un día a otro. Algunos días puede ser leve y otros días puede ser peor. La actividad física a menudo empeora la debilidad muscular.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con miastenia grave pueden sufrir debilidad grave que afecta los músculos que controlan la respiración. Esto se llama crisis miasténica y es una emergencia que pone en peligro la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la miastenia grave?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchas otras afecciones que pueden causar debilidad muscular, por lo que la miastenia grave puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Para saber si tiene miastenia grave, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico, incluyendo un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/"&gt;examen neurológico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Probablemente solicite &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-miastenia-grave-mg/"&gt;pruebas para la miastenia grave&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/"&gt;Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la miastenia grave?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para la miastenia grave, pero hay tratamientos disponibles que pueden mejorar la debilidad muscular y ayudar con los síntomas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos anticolinesterásicos:&lt;/strong&gt; Pueden mejorar los mensajes de nervio a músculo y fortalecer los músculos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos inmunosupresores:&lt;/strong&gt; Medicamentos que disminuyen las respuestas del sistema inmunitario. Pueden reducir la producción de anticuerpos anormales en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anticuerpos monoclonales:&lt;/strong&gt; También pueden ayudar a disminuir las respuestas del sistema inmunológico de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Plasmaféresis (intercambio de plasma) e inmunoglobulina intravenosa:&lt;/strong&gt; Procedimientos para eliminar anticuerpos anormales de la sangre. Suelen utilizarse en casos graves. Pueden ayudar con los síntomas durante algunas semanas o meses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Timectomía:&lt;/strong&gt; Cirugía para extirpar la glándula timo. Puede reducir los síntomas de la miastenia grave, posiblemente reequilibrando el sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a algunas personas. Estos pueden incluir ejercicio suave y regular, descansar lo suficiente y consumir alimentos saludables.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con miastenia grave entran en remisión. Esto significa que no presentan síntomas. La remisión suele ser temporal, pero a veces puede ser permanente.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html" id="336" language="English">Myasthenia Gravis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043">Enfermedades musculares</related-topic>
<site title="Anticuerpo frente a los receptores acetilcolínicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003576.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia grave" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-nervio-perif%C3%A9rico-y-trastornos-relacionados/miastenia-grave">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia grave" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000712.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000712.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia grave" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myasthenia-gravis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352036?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myasthenia-gravis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352036?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia grave: Diagnóstico, tratamiento, remedios caseros" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myasthenia-gravis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352040?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia gravis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/miastenia-gravis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/myasthenia-gravis-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia gravis" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/myasthenia-gravis" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/myasthenia-gravis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miastenia gravis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/myasthenia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/myasthenia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del edrofonio (Tensilon)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003930.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de miastenia grave (MG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-miastenia-grave-mg/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myasthenia-gravis-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mielitis flácida aguda es una enfermedad neurológica poco común, pero seria. Por lo general, afecta a niños. Aprenda sus posibles causas y síntomas." title="Mielitis flácida aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" id="7208" language="Spanish" date-created="11/01/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la mielitis flácida aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mielitis flácida aguda es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad neurológica&lt;/a&gt; poco común, pero seria. Afecta un área de la médula espinal llamada sustancia gris. Esto puede causar que los músculos y los reflejos del cuerpo se debiliten.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a estos síntomas, algunas personas la llaman "enfermedad parecida a la polio". Sin embargo, es diferente a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html"&gt;polio&lt;/a&gt;, ya que la mielitis flácida aguda no es causada por un poliovirus. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la mielitis flácida aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mielitis flácida aguda puede ser causada por diferentes virus. Los investigadores piensan que los enterovirus han estado causando los recientes aumentos en la cantidad de niños con la afección. La mielitis flácida aguda también puede ser causadas por otros virus, incluyendo flavivirus, herpesvirus y adenovirus. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con la afección presenta una enfermedad respiratoria leve o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt; (parecida a una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;infección viral&lt;/a&gt;) antes de tener mielitis flácida aguda.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más posibilidades de desarrollar mielitis flácida aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener mielitis flácida aguda, pero la mayoría de los casos (más del 90%) se ha presentado en niños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la mielitis flácida aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con mielitis flácida aguda presenta repentinamente:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad en brazos o piernas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida del tono muscular y los reflejos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas también tienen otros síntomas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Flacidez y debilidad facial &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dificultad para mover los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Párpados caídos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dificultad para pronunciar palabras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor en brazos, piernas, espalda o cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, la mielitis flácida aguda puede debilitar los músculos necesarios para respirar. Esto puede llevar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia respiratoria&lt;/a&gt;, una enfermedad muy grave. Para tratarla, puede ser necesario el uso de un ventilador (máquina para asistir la respiración).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted o su hijo presentan alguno de estos síntomas, debe buscar atención médica de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la mielitis flácida aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mielitis flácida aguda causa muchos de los mismos síntomas que otras enfermedades neurológicas, como la mielitis transversa y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Guillain-Barré&lt;/a&gt;. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil de diagnosticar. Para averiguar si tiene mielitis flácida aguda, su médico puede usar::&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/"&gt;examen neurológico&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo examinar dónde hay debilidad, bajo tono muscular y disminución de los reflejos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; para observar imágenes de la médula espinal y el cerebro &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de laboratorio del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/"&gt;líquido cefalorraquídeo&lt;/a&gt; (el líquido que rodea el cerebro y la médula espinal)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/"&gt;Velocidad de conducción nerviosa y electromiografía&lt;/a&gt;: Estas pruebas sirven para verificar la rapidez y la respuesta de los músculos a los mensajes de los nervios &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante que las pruebas se realicen en cuanto comiencen los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la mielitis flácida aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay un tratamiento específico para la mielitis flácida aguda. Un neurólogo (especialista en el tratamiento de enfermedades del cerebro y la médula espinal) puede recomendar tratamientos para los síntomas específicos. Por ejemplo, la terapia física u ocupacional puede ayudar con la debilidad de brazos o piernas. Los investigadores no conocen el pronóstico a largo plazo de personas que tienen mielitis flácida aguda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la mielitis flácida aguda?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una forma específica de prevenir la mielitis flácida aguda. Pero puede tomar medidas para evitar enfermarse de un virus al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; frecuentemente con jabón y agua&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar tocarse la cara cuando no se ha lavado las manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Limpiar y desinfectar&lt;/a&gt; las superficies que usted toca en forma frecuente, incluyendo juguetes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cubrirse la cara al estornudar y toser con un pañuelo desechable o el brazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quedarse en la casa cuando se enferme&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" id="7207" language="English">Acute Flaccid Myelitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Mielitis flácida aguda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-flaccid-myelitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20493046?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis flácida aguda" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13637/mielitis-flacida-aguda/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/13142/acute-flaccid-myelitis/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis flácida aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007743.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis flácida aguda (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/acute-flaccid-myelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/acute-flaccid-myelitis.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielitis flácida aguda: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-flaccid-myelitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20493060?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El mieloma múltiple es un cáncer que comienza en las células plasmáticas, un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Entérese sobre síntomas, exámenes y tratamientos." title="Mieloma múltiple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html" id="2040" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Mieloma de células plasmáticas</also-called>
<also-called>Plasmacitoma maligno</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El mieloma múltiple es un cáncer que comienza en las células del plasma, un tipo de glóbulos blancos. Estas células forman parte del sistema inmunitario, que ayuda a proteger el cuerpo contra los gérmenes y otras sustancias malignas. Con el paso del tiempo, las células del mieloma se acumulan en la médula ósea y en las partes sólidas del hueso. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa exacta del mieloma múltiple, pero es más común en las personas de edad avanzada y en afroamericanos. Puede ser hereditaria. Los síntomas más comunes pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor en los huesos, con frecuencia en la espalda o las costillas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Debilidad o fatiga &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infecciones y fiebre frecuentes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Sed &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ganas de orinar con frecuencia &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los doctores diagnostican el mieloma múltiple usando pruebas de laboratorio, exámenes por imágenes y una biopsia de la médula ósea. El tratamiento depende de cuán avanzada está la enfermedad y si usted tiene síntomas. Si usted no tiene síntomas, es posible que no necesite tratamiento inmediato. Si presenta síntomas, usted puede ser tratado con quimioterapia, trasplante de células madre, radiación o terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html" id="332" language="English">Multiple Myeloma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="1781">Enfermedades de la médula ósea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html" id="2017">Linfoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1782">Trasplante de médula ósea</related-topic>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amiloidosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cadenas ligeras libres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cadenas-ligeras-libres/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/free-light-chains/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de globulinas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003544.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de las neoplasias de células plasmáticas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloma-multiple/paciente/tratamiento-mieloma-pdq#_59" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq#_59">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre el mieloma múltiple" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen cuantitativo de proteínas de Bence-Jones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003597.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de inmunofijación en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003543.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de nefelometría cuantitativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para el mieloma múltiple" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gamapatía monoclonal de significado incierto" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12572/gamapatia-monoclonal-de-significado-incierto/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre las neoplasias de células plasmáticas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloma-multiple/paciente/tratamiento-mieloma-pdq#_3" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq#_3">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoelectroforesis en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003592.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoelectroforesis en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003541.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunofijación en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003593.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina integrativa y terapias complementarias y alternativas: Terapias que forman parte de la atención médica para el cáncer de la sangre" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mieloma múltiple" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mieloma-multiple-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/multiple-myeloma/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mieloma múltiple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000583.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que deben formularse sobre el mieloma múltiple" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína en orina de 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003622.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de células B y T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de inmunofijación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-inmunofijacion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de marcador tumoral de microglobulina Beta-2 (B2M)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-de-microglobulina-beta-2-b2m/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/beta-2-microglobulin-b2m-tumor-marker-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para diagnosticar el mieloma múltiple" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/pruebas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/testing.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplantes de células madre en el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/trasplante-de-celulas-madre" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del mieloma múltiple" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiplemyeloma/detailedguide/multiple-myeloma-treating-by-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida después del diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento del mieloma múltiple?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/about/new-research.html">
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<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el mieloma múltiple?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el mieloma múltiple?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/acerca/que-es-mieloma-multiple.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/about/what-is-multiple-myeloma.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede encontrar temprano el mieloma múltiple?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Migraines are pulsing or throbbing headaches in one area of the head. Learn about other symptoms, what triggers migraines, and how to treat them." title="Migraine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html" id="3157" language="English" date-created="03/05/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are migraines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Migraines are a recurring type of headache. They cause moderate to severe pain that is throbbing or pulsing. The pain is often on one side of your head. You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea and weakness. You may be sensitive to light and sound.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes migraines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers believe that migraine has a genetic cause. There are also a number of factors that can trigger a migraine. These factors vary from person to person, and they include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;Stress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anxiety&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormonal changes in women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bright or flashing lights&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loud noises&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Strong smells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Too much or not enough sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden changes in weather or environment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overexertion (too much physical activity)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Tobacco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;Caffeine&lt;/a&gt; or caffeine withdrawal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skipped meals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medication overuse (taking medicine for migraines too often)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people have found that certain foods or ingredients can trigger headaches, especially when they are combined with other triggers. These foods and ingredients include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Chocolate&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Aged cheeses&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Monosodium glutamate (MSG)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Some fruits and nuts&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fermented or pickled goods&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Yeast&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cured or processed meats&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for migraines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;About 12% of Americans get migraines. They can affect anyone, but you are more likely to have them if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are a woman.&lt;/strong&gt; Women are three times more likely than men to get migraines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a family history of migraines.&lt;/strong&gt; Most people with migraines have family members who have migraines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have other medical conditions,&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;bipolar disorder&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorders&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of migraines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are four different phases of migraines. You may not always go through every phase each time you have a migraine.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prodome.&lt;/strong&gt; This phase starts up to 24 hours before you get the migraine. You have early signs and symptoms, such as food cravings, unexplained mood changes, uncontrollable yawning, fluid retention, and increased urination.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aura.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have this phase, you might see flashing or bright lights or zig-zag lines. You may have muscle weakness or feel like you are being touched or grabbed. An aura can happen just before or during a migraine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Headache.&lt;/strong&gt; A migraine usually starts gradually and then becomes more severe. It typically causes throbbing or pulsing pain, which is often on one side of your head. But sometimes you can have a migraine without a headache. Other migraine symptoms may include&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Increased sensitivity to light, noise, and odors&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Worsened pain when you move, cough, or sneeze&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Postdrome&lt;/strong&gt; (following the headache). You may feel exhausted, weak, and confused after a migraine. This can last up to a day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Migraines are more common in the morning; people often wake up with them. Some people have migraines at predictable times, such as before menstruation or on weekends following a stressful week of work.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are migraines diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take your medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical and neurological exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An important part of diagnosing migraines is to rule out other medical conditions which could be causing the symptoms. So you may also have blood tests, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT&lt;/a&gt; scan, or other tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are migraines treated?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also other things you can do to feel better:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking fluids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. Biofeedback uses electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make a log of what seems to trigger your migraines. You can learn what you need to avoid, such as certain foods and medicines. It also help you figure out what you should do, such as establishing a consistent sleep schedule and eating regular meals.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;menstrual cycle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;losing weight&lt;/a&gt; may also be helpful&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. Talk with your health care provider about which drug would be right for you.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines. If your magnesium level is low, you can try taking magnesium. There is also an herb, butterbur, which some people take to prevent migraines. But butterbur may not be safe for long-term use. Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html" id="3158" language="Spanish">Migraña</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008881">Migraine Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html" id="273">Headache</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vascular Headache</see-reference>
<site title="10 Common Migraine Triggers and How to Cope with Them" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/10-common-migraine-triggers-and-how-to-cope-with-them">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
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<site title="Abuse, Maltreatment and PTSD and Their Relationship to Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/abuse-maltreatment-and-ptsd-and-their-relationship-to-migraine/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Acute Therapy: Why Not Over-The-Counter or Other Nonspecific Options?" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/acute-therapy-why-not-otc-options/">
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<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Alcohol and Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/alcohol-and-migraine/">
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<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
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<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Weather Changes Trigger Migraines?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-headache/faq-20058505?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-headache/faq-20058505?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
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<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Migraine Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Migraine+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Commonly Used Acute Migraine Treatments" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/acute-migraine-treatments/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cyclic vomiting syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Do I Need an MRI for My Migraine?" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/do-i-need-an-mri-for-my-migraine/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial hemiplegic migraine: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hemiplegic-migraine">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Feverfew" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/feverfew">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Migraine and Headache Specialist" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/find-a-doctor/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headache" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/headache" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/dolor-de-cabeza">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Headache Hygiene -- What Is It?" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/what-is-headache-hygiene/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/headaches-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Friends and Family Understand Migraines" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/helping-friends-and-family-understand-migraines" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-ayudar-a-amigos-y-familiares-a-comprender-las-migranas">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Aura May Trigger Migraine Pain" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/09/how-aura-may-trigger-migraine-pain">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Know If You Have Migraine or Sinus Headache" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/sinus-headache/">
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<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kristin Chenoweth Wants to Put Migraine Awareness Center Stage" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/kristin-chenoweth-wants-to-put-migraine-awareness-center-stage" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/kristin-chenoweth-desea-llevar-la-concientizacion-sobre-la-migrana-al-centro-de-atencion">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low-Tyramine Diet for Migraine Disease" url="https://headaches.org/resources/low-tyramine-diet-for-individuals-with-headache-or-migraine/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Headache Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing migraines at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000420.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraine" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/migraine" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/migraine">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraine" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20360201?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Migraine" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/migraine">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Migraine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000709.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000709.htm">
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</site>
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<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraine Headaches" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/migraines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/migraines.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraine Medications and Antidepressants: A Risky Mix?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/FAQ-20058166?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraine Studies Look at Impact of Lifestyle Changes" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/migraine-studies-look-at-impact-of-lifestyle-changes" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/estudios-sobre-migranas-examinan-el-impacto-de-los-cambios-de-estilo-de-vida">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Migraine Variants in Children" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-variants-in-children/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraine with Aura" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraine: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/migraine">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Migraine: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/migraine-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/migrana-lo-que-debe-saber">
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</site>
<site title="Migraines and Gastrointestinal Problems: Is There a Link?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraines/FAQ-20058268?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraines/faq-20058268?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Migraines: Simple Steps to Head Off the Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/in-depth/migraines/ART-20047242?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/in-depth/migraines/art-20047242?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Not All Headaches Are the Same" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/not-all-headaches-are-the-same" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-dolores-de-cabeza-no-son-todos-iguales">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Migraine" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Migraine+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Relaxation Techniques: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Serotonin syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007272.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Sporadic hemiplegic migraine: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sporadic-hemiplegic-migraine">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stress and Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/stress-migraine/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Link Between Migraine, Depression and Anxiety" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/link-between-migraine-depression-anxiety/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Starting Yoga in Adults with Migraines" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/understanding-migrainetips-for-starting-yoga-in-adults-with-migraines/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Migraines: Ways to Fight the Pain with Medication" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-migraines-ways-fight-pain-medication" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tratamiento-de-las-migranas-formas-de-aliviar-el-dolor-con-medicamentos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visual Disturbances: Related to Migraine or Not?" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/visual-disturbances-migraine/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is an Ocular Migraine?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/FAQ-20058113?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/faq-20058113?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Know about Allodynia" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/what-to-know-about-allodynia/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Migraine Turns Chronic" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/when-migraine-turns-chronic" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuando-la-migrana-se-vuelve-cronica">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When to Go to the Emergency Room for a Headache or Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/when-to-go-to-the-er-for-headache-migraine/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las migrañas son dolores de cabeza debilitantes en un área de la cabeza. Entérese sobre síntomas, qué desencadena una migraña y los tratamientos." title="Migraña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html" id="3158" language="Spanish" date-created="09/11/2003">
<also-called>Jaqueca</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las migrañas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las migrañas son un tipo recurrente de dolor de cabeza. Causan dolor de moderado a intenso que puede ser pulsante o vibrante. A menudo, el dolor se siente a un lado de su cabeza. También puede tener otros síntomas, como náuseas y debilidad. Puede ser sensible a la luz y el sonido.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa las migrañas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores piensan que las migrañas tienen una causa genética. También hay una serie de factores que pueden desencadenar una migraña. Estos factores varían de persona a persona, e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;Estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios hormonales en las mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Luces brillantes o intermitentes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ruidos fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Olores fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Demasiada o poca cantidad de sueño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios repentinos en el clima o el medio ambiente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sobreesfuerzo (demasiada actividad física)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;Cafeína&lt;/a&gt; (consumo o abstinencia)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Saltarse comidas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uso excesivo de medicamentos (tomar medicamentos para migrañas con demasiada frecuencia)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas han descubierto que ciertos alimentos o ingredientes pueden desencadenar dolores de cabeza, especialmente cuando se combinan con otros desencadenantes. Estos alimentos e ingredientes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Chocolate&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quesos maduros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Glutamato monosódico &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunas frutas y nueces&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Productos fermentados o encurtidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Levadura&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Carnes curadas o procesadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener migrañas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cerca del 12% de los estadounidenses sufren migrañas. Pueden afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más probable que las sufra si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Es mujer&lt;/strong&gt;: Las mujeres tienen tres veces más probabilidades que los hombres de tener migrañas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene historia familiar de migrañas&lt;/strong&gt;: La mayoría de las personas con migrañas tienen familiares que sufren migrañas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene otros problemas médicos&lt;/strong&gt;: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;trastorno bipolar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;problemas del sueño&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las migrañas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las migrañas tiene cuatro fases diferentes. Es posible que no siempre pase por todas las fases cada vez que tenga una migraña.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fase prodómica (previa)&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta fase comienza hasta 24 horas antes de que tenga la migraña. Existen signos y síntomas tempranos, como antojos de comida, cambios de humor inexplicables, bostezos incontrolables, retención de líquidos y aumento de la micción&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aura&lt;/strong&gt;: Si tiene esta fase, es posible que vea luces intermitentes o brillantes o líneas zigzagueantes. Puede sentir debilidad muscular o que lo están tocando o agarrando. El aura puede ocurrir justo antes o durante una migraña&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fase de dolor de cabeza&lt;/strong&gt;: En general, una migraña comienza en forma gradual y luego se vuelve más severa. A menudo, causa dolor palpitante o pulsante, usualmente a un lado de la cabeza. Pero, a veces, puede tener una migraña sin dolor de cabeza. Otros síntomas de migraña pueden incluir:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mayor sensibilidad a la luz, el ruido y los olores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Náuseas y vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor que empeora cuando se mueve, tose o estornuda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fase postdrómica (después del dolor de cabeza)&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede sentirse agotado, débil y confundido después de una migraña. Esto puede durar hasta un día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las migrañas son más comunes en la mañana. A menudo, las personas se despiertan con ellas. Hay quienes sufren migrañas en momentos predecibles, como antes de la menstruación o los fines de semana tras una semana estresante de trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las migrañas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evaluará su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico y neurológico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una parte importante del diagnóstico de migrañas es descartar otras afecciones médicas que podrían estar causando los síntomas. Por lo tanto, es posible que también le solicite un análisis de sangre, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; u otras pruebas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se tratan las migrañas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para las migrañas. El tratamiento se enfoca en aliviar los síntomas y prevenir nuevas crisis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de medicinas para aliviar los síntomas, incluyendo triptanos, ergotamina y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt;. Cuanto antes los tome, más efectivo serán.
También existen otras cosas que puede hacer para sentirse mejor:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Descansar con los ojos cerrados en una habitación silenciosa y oscura&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Colocar un paño frío o compresa de hielo en la frente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Beber líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen algunos cambios en el estilo de vida que puede hacer para prevenir las migrañas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las estrategias para controlar el estrés, como el ejercicio, las técnicas de relajación y la biorretroalimentación, pueden reducir la frecuencia y la gravedad de las migrañas. La biorretroalimentación utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para enseñarle a controlar ciertas funciones del cuerpo, como el latido cardíaco, la presión arterial y la tensión muscular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haga un registro de lo que parece desencadenar sus migrañas. Puede averiguar lo que necesita evitar, como ciertos alimentos y medicamentos. También puede ayudar a descubrir qué debe hacer, como establecer un horario de sueño constante y no saltarse comidas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La terapia hormonal puede ayudar a algunas mujeres cuyas migrañas parecen estar relacionadas con su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;ciclo menstrual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;perder peso&lt;/a&gt; también puede ayudar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene migrañas frecuentes o severas, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos para prevenir futuras crisis. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué medicamento puede ser el adecuado para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos tratamientos naturales, como la riboflavina (vitamina B2) y la coenzima Q10, pueden ayudar a prevenir las migrañas. Si su nivel de magnesio es bajo, puede intentar tomar magnesio. También hay una hierba que algunas personas toman para prevenir las migrañas, la petasita. Pero esta no es segura para el uso a largo plazo. Siempre consulte con su proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar cualquier suplemento.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html" id="3157" language="English">Migraine</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html" id="1933">Dolor de cabeza</related-topic>
<site title="Alergia y el dolor de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-alergia-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/allergies-and-headaches/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coexistencia de la migraña y el dolor de cabeza de tipo tensional" url="https://headaches.org/coexistencia-de-la-migrana-y-el-dolor-de-cabeza-de-tipo-tensional/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/10/25/coexisting-migraine-and-tension-type-headaches/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del mareo asociado a migraña con una dieta" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/migraine_diet_triggers_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando la migraña se vuelve crónica" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuando-la-migrana-se-vuelve-cronica" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/when-migraine-turns-chronic">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a amigos y familiares a comprender las migrañas" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-ayudar-a-amigos-y-familiares-a-comprender-las-migranas" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/helping-friends-and-family-understand-migraines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y los dolores de cabeza" url="https://headaches.org/la-dieta-y-los-dolores-de-cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/headache-diet-2020/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disturbios visuales" url="https://headaches.org/disturbios-visuales/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/dolor-de-cabeza" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/headache">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés (y el dolor de cabeza)" url="https://headaches.org/estres/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios sobre migrañas examinan el impacto de los cambios de estilo de vida" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/estudios-sobre-migranas-examinan-el-impacto-de-los-cambios-de-estilo-de-vida" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/migraine-studies-look-at-impact-of-lifestyle-changes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hormonas y la migraña" url="https://headaches.org/las-hormanas-y-la-migrana/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/2007/11/05/hormones-and-migraines-everything-you-need-to-know/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kristin Chenoweth desea llevar la concientización sobre la migraña al centro de atención." url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/kristin-chenoweth-desea-llevar-la-concientizacion-sobre-la-migrana-al-centro-de-atencion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/kristin-chenoweth-wants-to-put-migraine-awareness-center-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Los dolores de cabeza no son todos iguales" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-dolores-de-cabeza-no-son-todos-iguales" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/not-all-headaches-are-the-same">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de las migrañas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000420.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareo asociado a la migraña" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/migraine_associated_dizziness_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la migraña y antidepresivos: ¿una mezcla riesgosa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/faq-20058166?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-medications/FAQ-20058166?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraña" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/migraine" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/migraine">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000709.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000709.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraña complicada" url="https://headaches.org/la-migrana-complicada/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraña con aura" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraña ocular: Cuándo se debe buscar ayuda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/faq-20058113?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/ocular-migraine/FAQ-20058113?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraña: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migraña: lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/migrana-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/migraine-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Migrañas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/migraines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/migraines.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migrañas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/migranas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/migraine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migrañas y problemas digestivos. ¿Existe alguna relación?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraines/faq-20058268?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraines/FAQ-20058268?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migrañas: Medidas simples para prevenir el dolor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/in-depth/migraines/art-20047242?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/in-depth/migraines/ART-20047242?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Migrañas: ¿Se producen por cambios climáticos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-headache/faq-20058505?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/migraine-headache/faq-20058505?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la serotonina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007272.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de las migrañas: Formas de aliviar el dolor con medicamentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tratamiento-de-las-migranas-formas-de-aliviar-el-dolor-con-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-migraines-ways-fight-pain-medication">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="In mild cognitive impairment (MCI), you have more memory and thinking problems than others your age, but they don't interfere with your everyday life." title="Mild Cognitive Impairment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5741" language="English" date-created="01/05/2011">
<also-called>MCI</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Some forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging.   However, some people have more &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory&lt;/a&gt; problems than other people their age. This condition is called mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. People with MCI can take care of themselves and do their normal activities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;MCI memory problems may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Losing things often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forgetting to go to events and appointments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having more trouble coming up with words than other people of the same age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Memory problems can also have other causes, including certain medicines and diseases that affect the blood vessels that supply the brain. Some of the problems brought on by these conditions can be managed or reversed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider can do thinking, memory, and language tests to see if you have MCI. You may also need to see a specialist for more tests. Because MCI may be an early sign of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;, it's really important to see your health care provider every 6 to 12 months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At this time, there is no proven drug treatment for MCI. Your health care provider can check to see if you have any changes in your memory or thinking skills over time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html" id="5742" language="Spanish">Deterioro cognitivo leve</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D060825">Cognitive Dysfunction</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" id="22">Alzheimer's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" id="205">Dementia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html" id="1452">Memory</related-topic>
<see-reference>MCI</see-reference>
<site title="Brain Health" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mild Cognitive Impairment" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mild+Cognitive+Impairment%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cognitive Health and Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health/cognitive-health-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening" url="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cognitive Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cognitive-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-cognitivas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Aging Brain Affects Thinking" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health/how-aging-brain-affects-thinking">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Memory, Forgetfulness, and Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/memory-loss-and-forgetfulness/memory-problems-forgetfulness-and-aging" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/memoria/memoria-olvido-envejecimiento">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental status testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mild Cognitive Impairment" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/related_conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/demencia-alzheimer/que-es-demencia/condiciones_relacionados/deterioro-cognitivo-leve">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/symptoms-causes/syc-20354578?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/symptoms-causes/syc-20354578?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nourish Your Brain" url="https://familydoctor.org/nourish-your-brain/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutra-su-cerebro/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mild Cognitive Impairment" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cognitive+Dysfunction%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+aged+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scam Susceptibility May Signal Risk for Cognitive Decline" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/scam-susceptibility-may-signal-risk-cognitive-decline">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Setting Goals to Be More Active Slows Memory Decline in Older African Americans" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/setting-goals-be-more-active-slows-memory-decline-older-african-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Well-Aged Mind: Maintaining Your Cognitive Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Mild Cognitive Impairment?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/memory-loss-and-forgetfulness/what-mild-cognitive-impairment">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Mild Cognitive Impairment?" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/mild-cognitive-impairment" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/alzheimer-demencias/deterioro-cognitivo-leve">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cuerpo usa minerales para formar sus huesos, producir hormonas y regular los latidos del corazón. Tipos de minerales y las mejores fuentes aquí." title="Minerales en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html" id="4299" language="Spanish" date-created="04/24/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los minerales son importantes para su cuerpo y para mantenerse sano. El organismo usa los minerales para muchas funciones distintas, incluyendo el mantener los huesos, corazón y cerebro funcionando bien. Los minerales también son importantes para las enzimas y las hormonas. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen dos tipos de minerales, los macrominerales y los oligoelementos. Usted necesita mayores cantidades de macrominerales. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt;, fósforo, magnesio, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sodio&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html"&gt;potasio&lt;/a&gt;, cloro y azufre. Usted necesita menores cantidades de oligoelementos. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html"&gt;hierro&lt;/a&gt;, manganeso, cobre, yodo, cinc, cobalto, flúor y selenio. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas obtienen los minerales que necesitan al comer una amplia variedad de alimentos. En algunos casos, su médico puede recomendarle un suplemento mineral. Personas con algunos problemas de salud o que están tomando algunas medicinas pueden necesitar consumir menos de un mineral. Por ejemplo, personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt; tienen que limitar su consumo de potasio. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298" language="English">Minerals</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html" id="1751">Antioxidantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html" id="2781">Calcio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4225">Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html" id="5543">Hierro en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html" id="5950">Potasio en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html" id="3539">Suplementos en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Oligoelementos</see-reference>
<site title="Cloruro en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002417.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cobre en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002419.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cromo" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/chromium-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Chromium-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cromo en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002418.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fósforo en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002424.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002424.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los minerales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/minerales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-minerales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/minerals/overview-of-minerals">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnesio" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Magnesio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002423.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manganeso" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Manganese-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Manganese-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Minerales (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/minerals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/minerals.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minerales: Cómo actúan y dónde conseguirlos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/minerales-como-actuan-y-donde-conseguirlos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/minerals-what-they-do-where-to-get-them/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oligoelementos: Cómo actúan y dónde conseguirlos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/oligoelementos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/trace-elements/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Selenio" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selenio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002414.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos multivitamínicos/minerales" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-Consumer/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y minerales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vitamins-minerals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vitamins-minerals.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y minerales: Cómo obtener lo que usted necesita" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vitaminas-y-minerales-como-obtener-lo-que-usted-necesita/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vitamins-and-minerals-how-to-get-what-you-need/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yodo" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yodo en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002421.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zinc" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zinc" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-zinc/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zinc en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002416.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your body uses minerals to build bones, make hormones, and regulate your heartbeat. Read about the types of minerals and how to get them." title="Minerals" url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298" language="English" date-created="02/27/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Minerals are important for your body to stay healthy. Your body uses minerals for many different jobs, including keeping your bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly. Minerals are also important for making enzymes and hormones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals and trace minerals. You need larger amounts of macrominerals. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;, phosphorus, magnesium, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;potassium&lt;/a&gt;, chloride and sulfur. You only need small amounts of trace minerals. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html"&gt;iron&lt;/a&gt;, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people get the amount of minerals they need by eating a wide variety of foods. In some cases, your doctor may recommend a mineral supplement. People who have certain health problems or take some medicines may need to get less of one of the minerals. For example, people with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt; need to limit foods that are high in potassium.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html" id="4299" language="Spanish">Minerales en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008903">Minerals</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590">Antioxidants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html" id="2780">Calcium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html" id="3538">Dietary Supplements</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4224">Fluid and Electrolyte Balance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html" id="5542">Iron</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html" id="5949">Potassium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html" id="3666">Sodium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chromium</see-reference>
<see-reference>Copper</see-reference>
<see-reference>Magnesium</see-reference>
<see-reference>Phosphorus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Selenium</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zinc</see-reference>
<site title="Chloride in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002417.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chromium" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Chromium-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/chromium-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chromium in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002418.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Minerals" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Minerals%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Copper in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Minerals" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/mineralsdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)" url="https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disorders of Metal Absorption" url="https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/disorders-metal-absorption">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Children's Hospital of Philadelphia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iodine" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Iodine in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002421.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnesium" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Magnesium in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002423.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manganese" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Manganese-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Manganese-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Minerals" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/minerals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/minerals.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minerals: What They Do, where to Get Them" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/minerals-what-they-do-where-to-get-them/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/minerales-como-actuan-y-donde-conseguirlos/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Minerals" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/minerals/overview-of-minerals" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/minerales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-minerales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002424.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002424.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minerals" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Minerals%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Selenium" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selenium in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002414.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trace Elements: What They Do and Where to Get Them" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/trace-elements/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/oligoelementos/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Minerals" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vitamins-minerals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vitamins-minerals.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Minerals: How to Get What You Need" url="https://familydoctor.org/vitamins-and-minerals-how-to-get-what-you-need/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vitaminas-y-minerales-como-obtener-lo-que-usted-necesita/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zinc" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zinc in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002416.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Miositis es la inflamación de los músculos. Hay dos tipos específicos: polimiositis y dermatomiositis. Entérese sobre causas, síntomas y tratamiento aquí. " title="Miositis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html" id="2248" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La miositis es la inflamación de los músculos que se usan para mover el cuerpo. Puede ser causada por una lesión, una infección o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedad autoinmune&lt;/a&gt;. Dos tipos principales de miositis son la polimiositis y la dermatomiositis. La polimiositis causa debilidad en los músculos y en general afecta a los músculos cercanos al tronco del cuerpo. La dermatomiositis causa también debilidad muscular y además un sarpullido en la piel.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros síntomas de la miositis pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio después de caminar o estar parado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tropiezos o caídas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para tragar o respirar&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para su diagnóstico el doctor hará un examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen y una biopsia muscular. No existe una cura para estas enfermedades pero los síntomas se pueden controlar. Tanto la polimiositis como la dermatomiositis se tratan con altas dosis de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroides&lt;/a&gt;. Otras opciones pueden ser otros medicamentos, terapia de rehabilitación, ejercicio, calor, aparatos de asistencia y descanso. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html" id="1617" language="English">Myositis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043">Enfermedades musculares</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dermatomiositis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Polimiositis</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/anticuerpos-antinucleares-ana" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/antinuclear-antibodies-ana">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomiositis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000839.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000839.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomiositis juvenil" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/dermatomiositis-juvenil" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/dermatomyositis-juvenile">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomiositis juvenil (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jdm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jdm.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad vascular del colágeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de creatina-fosfocinasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de mioglobina en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003664.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de mioglobina en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003663.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miopatías inflamatorias" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/miopatias-inflamatorias" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/inflammatory-myopathies-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miopatías metabólicas" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/miopatias-metabolicas" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/metabolic-myopathies">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polimiositis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/polymyositis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polymyositis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353208?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polimiositis del adulto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000428.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy during the first 13 weeks of pregnancy. Read about symptoms and how to cope if you've suffered a miscarriage." title="Miscarriage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html" id="515" language="English" date-created="10/20/1999">
<also-called>Spontaneous abortion</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A miscarriage is an unexpected loss of pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy. Most miscarriages happen very early in the pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Factors that may contribute to miscarriage include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A genetic problem with the fetus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html"&gt;uterus&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervixdisorders.html"&gt;cervix&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Signs of a miscarriage include vaginal spotting, abdominal pain or cramping, and fluid or tissue passing from the vagina. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Bleeding&lt;/a&gt; can be a symptom of miscarriage, but many women also have it in early pregnancy and don't miscarry. To be sure, contact your health care provider right away if you have bleeding.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Women who miscarry early in their pregnancy usually do not need any treatment. In some cases, there is tissue left in the uterus. Doctors use a procedure called a dilatation and curettage (D&amp;amp;C) or medicines to remove the tissue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Counseling may help you cope with your grief. Later, if you do decide to try again, work closely with your health care provider to lower the risks. Many women who have a miscarriage go on to have healthy babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Mitochondria make energy for your cells. Diseases can affect mitochondria, often causing nerve and muscle problems. Find out more." title="Mitochondrial Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html" id="6391" language="English" date-created="08/23/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;metabolic disorder&lt;/a&gt;, something goes wrong with this process.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mitochondrial diseases are a group of metabolic disorders. Mitochondria are small structures that produce energy in almost all of your cells. They make it by combining oxygen with the fuel molecules (sugars and fats) that come from your food. When the mitochondria are defective, the cells do not have enough energy. The unused oxygen and fuel molecules build up in the cells and cause damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of mitochondrial disease can vary. It depends on how many mitochondria are defective, and where they are in the body. Sometimes only one organ, tissue, or cell type is affected. But often the problem affects many of them. Muscle and nerve cells have especially high energy needs, so muscular and neurological problems are common. The diseases range from mild to severe. Some types can be fatal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Genetic mutations cause these diseases. They usually happen before age 20, and some are more common in infants. There are no cures for these diseases, but treatments may help with symptoms and slow down the disease. They may include physical therapy, vitamins and supplements, special diets, and medicines.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-encephalomyopathy-lactic-acidosis-and-stroke-like-episodes">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-membrane-protein-associated-neurodegeneration">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-neurogastrointestinal-encephalopathy-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-trifunctional-protein-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MPV17-related hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mpv17-related-hepatocerebral-mitochondrial-dna-depletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-mitochondrial-dysfunctions-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-with-ragged-red-fibers">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neuropathy-ataxia-and-retinitis-pigmentosa">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ornithine translocase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ornithine-translocase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Barth Syndrome" url="https://barthsyndrome.org/barthsyndrome/whatisbarthsyndrome.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Barth Syndrome Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-coenzyme-q10-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive external ophthalmoplegia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-external-ophthalmoplegia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitochondrial Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mitochondrial+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sucla2-related-mitochondrial-dna-depletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/succinyl-coa3-ketoacid-coa-transferase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation" url="https://www.umdf.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Mitochondrial Disease" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2020/03/MDA_Mitochondrial_Disease_Fact_Sheet_March_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_MITO_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Mitochondrial Disease?" url="https://www.umdf.org/what-is-mitochondrial-disease-2/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) occurs when one of your heart's valves doesn't work properly. Problems are rare. Learn about symptoms and treatment." title="Mitral Valve Prolapse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html" id="1605" language="English" date-created="03/27/2002">
<also-called>Barlow's syndrome</also-called>
<also-called>Floppy valve syndrome</also-called>
<also-called>MVP</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the mitral valve?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The mitral valve is one of the four valves in your heart. Heart valves have flaps that open and close. The flaps make sure that blood flows in the right direction through your heart and to the rest of your body. When your heart beats, the flaps open to let blood through. Between heartbeats, they close to stop the blood from flowing backwards.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The mitral valve opens to let blood flow from your heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. When the lower left chamber contracts (squeezes) to pump blood to your body, the mitral valve closes tightly to keep any blood from flowing backwards.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What is mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) happens when the flaps of the mitral valve become floppy and don't close tightly. In some cases, blood may leak backwards through the valve to the chamber it came from. This is called backflow, or regurgitation. When there is a lot of mitral valve backflow, the heart can't push enough blood out to the body.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But most people who have MVP don't have any backflow. In fact, MVP doesn't cause any health problems for most people who have it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can have MVP. Most people who have it were born with it. MVP tends to run in families, but researchers don't know the exact cause.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You may be more likely to develop MVP if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are older.&lt;/strong&gt; The risk of MVP increases as aging affects the valve.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Had rheumatic fever,&lt;/strong&gt; a disease that can develop after a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;strep throat infection&lt;/a&gt; and cause damage to the heart valves.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Were born with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;connective tissue disorder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marfansyndrome.html"&gt;Marfan syndrome&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html"&gt;Ehlers-Danlos syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/graves-disease/"&gt;Graves' disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a type of thyroid condition.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html"&gt;scoliosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (a side-to-side curve of the spine) or other problems with the bones of your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have some types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;muscular dystrophy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mitral valve prolapse with backflow is most common in men and people who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people who have MVP don't have any symptoms. But if it does cause symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart palpitations (feeling that your heart is fluttering, skipping beats, or beating too hard or too fast)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt; (feeling like you can't get enough air)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html"&gt;Migraines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can mitral valve prolapse (MVP) cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, MVP can cause other problems. They're most often caused by backflow. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt;, a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;, an infection in the lining of the heart and heart valves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is mitral valve prolapse (MVP) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers often find MVP during routine health check-ups. If you have MVP, your provider may hear a clicking sound when listening to your heart with a stethoscope. If blood flows backwards through the valve, your heart may also make a whooshing sound called a heart murmur.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;You may also need certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart tests&lt;/a&gt;. The most useful test is an echocardiogram, or echo. This is a type of&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt; ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; that uses sound waves to make a moving picture of your heart.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people don't need any treatment for MVP. If you have symptoms with little or no backflow, you may only need medicine to relieve your discomfort.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the amount of backflow is significant, you may need treatment to prevent other heart problems from developing. Treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; to help your heart work better.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Heart surgery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to repair or replace a very abnormal mitral valve with backflow. The goal of surgery is to improve your symptoms and reduce your risk of developing heart failure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When possible, valve repair is generally preferred over replacement. That's because repairs are less likely to weaken the heart muscle, and they're less likely to cause heart infection.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Can mitral valve prolapse be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can't prevent mitral valve prolapse. But if you have mitral valve prolapse, you can help prevent the rare but serious problems it can cause by:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html"&gt;Brushing and flossing your teeth regularly&lt;/a&gt;. That helps keep bacteria out of your bloodstream, which further reduces the rare risk of a heart infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asking your provider if you need to take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; before dental work or surgery to lower your risk of heart infection. This mostly applies to people who have had valve repair or replacement surgery.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Getting regular check-ups and taking any medicines that your provider may have prescribed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making heart-healthy habits part of your life to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;prevent heart disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitralvalveprolapse.html" id="2036" language="Spanish">Prolapso de la válvula mitral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008945">Mitral Valve Prolapse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitralvalveprolapse.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html" id="279">Heart Valve Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mitral Valve Prolapse" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mitral+Valve+Prolapse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitral Valve Prolapse" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/mitral-valve-prolapse/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/prolapso-valvular-mitral/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral Valve Prolapse" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mitral-valve-prolapse/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/prolapso-de-la-valvula-mitral-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve prolapse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000180.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral Valve Prolapse (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mvp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mvp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve surgery - minimally invasive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007411.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral valve surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007412.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problem: Mitral Valve Prolapse" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-mitral-valve-prolapse">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problem: Mitral Valve Regurgitation" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-mitral-valve-regurgitation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitral Valve Prolapse" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mitral+Valve+Prolapse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Valve Repair or Replacement" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/valve-repair-or-replacement/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-o-sustitucion-valvular/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mobility aids help you walk or move if you are disabled or have an injury. Choosing these devices takes time and research. Learn more. " title="Mobility Aids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" id="4141" language="English" date-created="04/04/2005">
<also-called>Ambulation devices</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Mobility aids help you walk or move from place to place if you have a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disability&lt;/a&gt; or an injury. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crutches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Canes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Walkers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheelchairs&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Motorized scooters&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need a walker or cane if you are at risk of falling. If you need to keep your body weight off your foot, ankle or knee, you may need crutches. You may need a wheelchair or a scooter if an injury or disease has left you unable to walk. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Choosing these devices takes time and research. You should be fitted for crutches, canes and walkers. If they fit, these devices give you support, but if they don't fit, they can be uncomfortable and unsafe. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" id="4142" language="Spanish">Aparatos para movilidad asistida</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012656">Self-Help Devices</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mobilityaids.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136">Assistive Devices</related-topic>
<see-reference>Canes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Crutches</see-reference>
<see-reference>Walkers</see-reference>
<see-reference>Wheelchairs</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Self-Help Devices" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Self-Help+Devices%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crutch Use" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/crutch-use">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crutches and children - proper fit and safety tips" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000640.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crutches and children - sitting and getting up from a chair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000642.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crutches and children - stairs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000643.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crutches and children - standing and walking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000641.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare at Home: Mobility Problems" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/caregiver-guide-mobility-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gardening from a Wheelchair" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/staying-active/gardening-from-a-wheelchair/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Improvement Assistance" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Home_Modifications.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research" url="https://acl.gov/about-acl/about-national-institute-disability-independent-living-and-rehabilitation-research">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Self-Help+Devices%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D++">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitation Engineering: What is Rehabilitation Engineering?" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/rehabilitation-engineering" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/ingenier%C3%ADa-de-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using a cane" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000343.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wheelchairs" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/lifestyle/wheelchairs/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si tiene áreas húmedas en su casa, probablemente encontrará moho. Algunos tipos de moho pueden causar problemas de salud. Entérese aquí." title="Moho" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html" id="2037" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El moho está formado por hongos que pueden encontrarse en exteriores o interiores. Crecen mejor en condiciones cálidas, mojadas y húmedas. Si tiene lugares mojados o húmedos en su casa, probablemente tendrá hongos. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El moho puede causarle problemas de salud. Inhalar o tocar moho o esporas de moho puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;reacciones alérgicas&lt;/a&gt;
 o crisis de asma en personas sensibles. También puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;infecciones micóticas&lt;/a&gt;. Además, la exposición al moho puede irritarle los ojos, la piel, la nariz, la garganta y los pulmones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538" language="English">Molds</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aspergillosis.html" id="5629">Aspergilosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html" id="5635">Fiebre del valle</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html" id="5633">Histoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca del moho" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/acerca-del-moho" language-mapped-url="https://www2.epa.gov/asthma/asthma-triggers-gain-control#abt-molds">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aflatoxinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002429.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE. UU." url="https://espanol.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia al moho" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/alergia-al-moho" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/mold-allergy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias al moho" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/alergias-al-moho">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y mohos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breve guía para el moho, la humedad y su hogar" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/moldguide_sp_1.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/mold/brief-guide-mold-moisture-and-your-home">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminación de toxinas en el hogar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/peligros-ocultos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/hidden-hazards">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hongos en los alimentos: ¿Son peligrosos?" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/hongos-en-los-alimentos-son" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/molds-food-are-they-dangerous">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moho (hongos) después de un desastre" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/mold/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mold-health/about/clean-up.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moho y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-moho/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/Mold.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moho y la salud" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/el-moho-y-la-salud">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis por hipersensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Si el queso tiene moho, ¿debería tirarlo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/food-and-nutrition/faq-20058492?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/food-and-nutrition/faq-20058492?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you have wet spots in your house, you will probably get mold. Molds, such as black mold, can cause health problems. Read more." title="Molds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538" language="English" date-created="09/21/2001">
<also-called>Fungi</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Molds are fungi that can be found both outdoors and indoors. They grow best in warm, damp and humid conditions. If you have damp or wet spots in your house, you will probably get mold.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Molds can cause health problems. Inhaling or touching mold or mold spores may cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergic reactions&lt;/a&gt; or asthma attacks in sensitive people. Molds can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungal infections&lt;/a&gt;. In addition, mold exposure may irritate your eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html" id="2037" language="Spanish">Moho</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005658">Fungi</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aspergillosis.html" id="5628">Aspergillosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html" id="5632">Histoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/valleyfever.html" id="5634">Valley Fever</related-topic>
<site title="Aflatoxin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002429.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Allergies, asthma, and molds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000488.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology" url="https://www.aaaai.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home" url="https://www.epa.gov/mold/brief-guide-mold-moisture-and-your-home" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/moldguide_sp_1.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts About Stachybotrys chartarum" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mold-health/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Allergist/Immunologist" url="https://allergist.aaaai.org/find/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidden Hazards: Clearing Out Toxins in the Home" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/hidden-hazards" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/peligros-ocultos">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypersensitivity pneumonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mold" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/mold">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mold" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mold-health/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mold/es/faqs.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mold Allergy" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/mold-allergy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/alergia-al-moho">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mold and Indoor Air Quality in Schools" url="https://www.epa.gov/mold/mold-and-indoor-air-quality-schools">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mold Clean Up Guidelines and Recommendations" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mold-health/about/clean-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/mold/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mold Image Library" url="https://www.epa.gov/mold/mold-image-library">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous?" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/molds-food-are-they-dangerous" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/hongos-en-los-alimentos-son">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moldy Cheese: Is It Unsafe to Eat?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/food-and-nutrition/faq-20058492?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/food-and-nutrition/faq-20058492?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Molds" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fungi%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Moles are skin growths, most people have them. Nevus is an unusual mole or a birthmark. Have them checked if they should change in size or color." title="Moles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/moles.html" id="4491" language="English" date-created="06/27/2007">
<also-called>Nevus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Moles are growths on the skin. They happen when pigment cells in the skin, called melanocytes, grow in clusters. Moles are very common. Most people have between 10 and 40 moles. A person may develop new moles from time to time, usually until about age 40. In older people, they tend to fade away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Moles are usually pink, tan or brown. They can be flat or raised. They are usually round or oval and no larger than a pencil eraser.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About one out of every ten people has at least one unusual (or atypical) mole that looks different from an ordinary mole. They are called dysplastic nevi. They may be more likely than ordinary moles to develop into &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html"&gt;melanoma&lt;/a&gt;, a type of skin cancer. You should have a health care professional check your moles if they look unusual, grow larger, change in color or outline, or in any other way.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/moles.html" id="4492" language="Spanish">Lunares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009506">Nevus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/moles.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="406">Skin Pigmentation Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nevus</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atypical Moles" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/AtypicalMoles?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atypical Nevus" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/atypical-nevus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthmarks" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/birthmarks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/birthmarks.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birthmarks - pigmented" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000828.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nevus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nevus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, and Risk of Melanoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/moles-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/hoja-informativa-lunares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologic Surgeon" url="https://www.asds.net/find-a-dermatologic-surgeon/advanced/true">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giant congenital nevus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001453.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mole (Nevus)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/common-acquired-nevus-mole?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moles" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Moles?">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moles: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/moles-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nevus Removal" url="https://www.nevus.org/nevus-removal">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nevus Outreach, Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nevus, Congenital Melanocytic" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/congenital-melanocytic-nevus?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Products Marketed for Removing Moles and Other Skin Lesions Can Cause Injuries, Scarring" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-marketed-removing-moles-and-other-skin-lesions-can-cause-injuries-scarring" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-comercializados-para-eliminar-lunares-y-otras-carnosidades-en-la-piel-pueden-causar">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychological Challenges Associated with Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (CMN)" url="https://www.nevus.org/psychological-challenges">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nevus Outreach, Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Moles" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nevus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skin self-exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Congenital Melanocytic Nevus" url="https://www.nevus.org/treatment-options">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nevus Outreach, Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Does a Mole Look Like?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/mole-photos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What does LCMN (Large Congenital Melanocytic Nevus) Mean?" url="https://www.nevus.org/what-is-cmn">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nevus Outreach, Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mononucleosis infecciosa (mono), o &quot;la enfermedad del beso&quot;, es una infección viral. A menudo es causada por el virus de Epstein-Barr, que puede transmitirse a través de la saliva." title="Mononucleosis infecciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html" id="1978" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedad del beso</also-called>
<also-called>Mononucleosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la mononucleosis infecciosa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mononucleosis infecciosa (también conocida como mono) es una enfermedad causada por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;. La causa más común es el virus de Epstein-Barr. La mononucleosis es contagiosa, es decir, puede transmitirse de persona a persona. Es común entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, especialmente estudiantes universitarios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la mononucleosis infecciosa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mononucleosis puede ser causada por muchos virus diferentes, pero la causa más frecuente es el virus de Epstein-Barr. Este virus se encuentra en todo el mundo. La mayoría de las personas contraen una infección por Epstein-Barr en algún momento de sus vidas, pero solo algunas experimentan síntomas de mononucleosis. Las infecciones por Epstein-Barr suelen ocurrir durante la niñez o cuando es adulto joven. En general, las infecciones por Epstein-Barr en niños no causan síntomas, y cuando lo hacen, es difícil distinguir entre los síntomas de la mononucleosis y los de otras afecciones infantiles comunes, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes que contraen Epstein-Barr tienen más probabilidades de tener síntomas típicos de mononucleosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, el virus de Epstein-Barr y los otros virus que causan mononucleosis se transmiten a través de fluidos corporales, especialmente la saliva. Esto significa que puede contraerlo a través de los besos. Por ello, a veces se conoce a la mononucleosis como la "enfermedad del beso". Pero también puede contraerlos si comparte alimentos, bebidas, tenedores, cucharas o bálsamo labial con alguien que tiene mononucleosis. Otras formas menos comunes de contraer la infección son a través de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusiones de sangre&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplantes de órganos&lt;/a&gt; y sangre y semen durante el contacto sexual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la mononucleosis infecciosa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la mononucleosis suelen comenzar entre cuatro y seis semanas después de contraer la infección. Pero es posible que comiencen antes en niños pequeños. Los síntomas suelen aparecer lentamente y es posible que no todos se presenten al mismo tiempo. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt; extrema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza y cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos del cuello y las axilas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación de hígado, bazo o ambos (estos son síntomas menos comunes)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas mejoran en dos a cuatro semanas. Sin embargo, otras pueden sentirse fatigadas durante varias semanas más. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden durar seis meses o más.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la mononucleosis infecciosa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesión al de la salud puede diagnosticarla según sus síntomas y un examen físico. El examen incluye comprobar si los ganglios linfáticos, las amígdalas, el hígado o el bazo están inflamados. En algunos casos, su proveedor también podría solicitar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; para confirmar el diagnóstico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la mononucleosis infecciosa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe un tratamiento específico para la mononucleosis ya que desaparece por sí sola. Pero usted puede ayudar a aliviar sus síntomas al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber muchos líquidos para evitar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Descansar mucho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar medicamentos de venta libre para el dolor y la fiebre. No le dé aspirina a niños ni adolescentes porque puede causar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Reye&lt;/a&gt;, una enfermedad rara y grave que puede afectar el cerebro y el hígado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene síntomas serios, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle un tratamiento adicional según los órganos de su cuerpo afectados por la mononucleosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; no tratan las infecciones virales, por lo que no ayudan con la mononucleosis. Algunas personas contraen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infecciones bacterianas&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;faringitis estreptocócica&lt;/a&gt;, junto con mononucleosis. En ese caso, es probable que necesite antibióticos para tratar la infección. Pero no debe tomar antibióticos tipo penicilina como ampicilina o amoxicilina. Estos pueden causar sarpullido en personas con mononucleosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mononucleosis puede causar un agrandamiento del bazo, que podría romperse y provocar una emergencia médica. Para tratar de proteger el bazo, los profesionales de la salud recomiendan evitar el ejercicio intenso y los deportes de contacto hasta que se recupere por completo (cerca de un mes).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la mononucleosis infecciosa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una vacuna que proteja contra la mononucleosis. Para reducir sus posibilidades de contraer o transmitir mononucleosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No comparta alimentos, bebidas, tenedores, cucharas ni protector labial con nadie, especialmente si usted o la otra persona tienen mononucleosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No bese a alguien si usted o la otra persona tienen mononucleosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lávese las manos&lt;/a&gt; frecuentemente con agua y jabón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html" id="298" language="English">Infectious Mononucleosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Beso, Enfermedad del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad del beso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Epstein-Barr</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos contra el músculo liso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003531.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de células T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de deshidrogenasa láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de nefelometría cuantitativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isoenzimas de la DHL prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000591.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mononucleosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mononucleosis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mononucleosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mononucleosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/mono.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/mono.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mono.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mono.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis y virus de Epstein-Barr: ¿Qué relación existe entre ambas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mononucleosis/expert-answers/mononucleosis/faq-20058444?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononucleosis: ¿Puede repetirse?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mononucleosis/expert-answers/mononucleosis/faq-20058564?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mononucleosis/expert-answers/mononucleosis/FAQ-20058564?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos contra el virus de Epstein-Barr" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003513.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba rápida para mononucleosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003454.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de mononucleosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-mononucleosis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mononucleosis-mono-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de serología de anticuerpos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se contagia la mononucleosis?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/expert-mono.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/expert-mono.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Durante cuánto tiempo es contagiosa la mononucleosis?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mono-long.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mono-long.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Most people feel sad or irritable sometimes. They may say they're in a bad mood. But mood disorders affect your everyday emotional state. Learn more." title="Mood Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html" id="6063" language="English" date-created="10/01/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most people feel sad or irritable from time to time. They may say they're in a bad mood. A mood disorder is different. It affects a person's everyday emotional state. Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have mood disorders. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;bipolar disorder&lt;/a&gt; (also called manic depression).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mood disorders can increase a person's risk for heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases. Treatments include medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. With treatment, most people with mood disorders can lead productive lives.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html" id="6064" language="Spanish">Trastornos del estado de ánimo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019964">Mood Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mooddisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html" id="600">Bipolar Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113">Depression</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cyclothymic Disorder</see-reference>
<site title="Bipolar Disorder" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Trials" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/clinicians/clinical-trials/">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mood Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mood+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cyclothymia (Cyclothymic Disorder)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclothymia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371275?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cyclothymia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371275?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cyclothymic disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001550.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001550.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/depression/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder-dmdd">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Disruptive-Mood-Dysregulation-Disorder-_DMDD_-110.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mood Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mood+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Prevention Information" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/crisis/suicide-prevention-information/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Know Before Stopping Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-19-1580418376&amp;amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los animales salvajes pueden atacar si se sienten amenazados. Las mordidas por mascotas son más comunes. Entérese sobre las mordeduras de animales." title="Mordeduras de animales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html" id="1775" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Herida por mordida de animal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los animales salvajes suelen huir de las personas. Sin embargo, pueden atacar si se sienten amenazados, si están enfermos, si protegen a sus crías o su territorio. Los ataques de mascotas son los más comunes. Las mordeduras de animales rara vez ponen en peligro la vida, pero si se infectan pueden surgir problemas médicos graves. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para evitar las mordeduras de animales y sus complicaciones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nunca acaricie, manipule o alimente animales desconocidos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No moleste a las serpientes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vigile cuidadosamente a sus hijos cuando haya animales cerca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vacune a sus gatos, hurones y perros contra la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html"&gt;rabia&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Esterilice o castre a su perro para que sea menos agresivo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vacúnese con un refuerzo de la vacuna contra el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html"&gt;tétanos&lt;/a&gt; si no ha recibido uno recientemente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use botas y pantalones largos cuando vaya a regiones con serpientes venenosas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si un animal lo muerde, limpie la herida con agua y jabón lo más pronto posible. De ser necesario, obtenga atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html" id="161" language="English">Animal Bites</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/catscratchdisease.html" id="4321">Enfermedad por arañazo de gato</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4056">Enfermedades de los animales y su salud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html" id="3230">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spiderbites.html" id="5250">Picaduras de arañas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html" id="2253">Picaduras de garrapatas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html" id="2115">Rabia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Animal, Mordeduras de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gato, Mordedura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Perro, Mordedura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Serpiente, Mordedura de</see-reference>
<site title="Cuidados personales en caso de mordeduras de animales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000734.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000734.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escorpiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002850.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre por mordedura de rata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001348.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las mordeduras y picaduras" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/mordeduras-y-picaduras/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-mordeduras-y-picaduras">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse seguro cerca de los animales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/animals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/animals.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras de animales: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/art-20056591?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/ART-20056591?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras de gatos y de perros" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/mordeduras-de-gatos-y-de-perros/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/cat-and-dog-bites/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras de serpiente: Disminuya su riesgo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/mordeduras-de-serpiente-disminuya-su-riesgo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/pets-animals/avoiding-snakebites.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras de serpiente: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-snake-bites/basics/art-20056681?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-snake-bites/basics/ART-20056681?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras de serpientes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000031.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras o picaduras de animales marinos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000032.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras y arañazos de animal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bites.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bites.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picadura del pez piedra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002854.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picadura del rascacio o escorpina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002849.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de medusa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002845.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga las heridas por mordeduras" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/prevention/paginas/prevent-bite-wounds.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/prevention/Pages/Prevent-Bite-Wounds.aspx">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de mordeduras de animales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100214_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100214_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raya látigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002853.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serpientes venenosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100138_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100138_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para mordidas de animales" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/treatment-for-animal-bites.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/pages/treatment-for-animal-bites.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los moretones o hematomas ocurren cuando los pequeños vasos sanguíneos debajo de la piel se rompen y dejan escapar sangre. Más detalles aquí." title="Moretones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html" id="2250" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Contusión</also-called>
<also-called>Equimoma</also-called>
<also-called>Golpe</also-called>
<also-called>Magulladura</also-called>
<also-called>Moradura</also-called>
<also-called>Morete</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un moretón o hematoma es una marca en la piel causada por la presencia de sangre atrapada debajo de la superficie de la piel. Ocurre cuando una lesión rompe los vasos sanguíneos pequeños, pero no rompe la piel. Estos vasos se abren y dejan salir la sangre por debajo de la piel. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los moretones o hematomas suelen ser dolorosos e hinchados. Los hematomas pueden ser en la piel, un músculo o un hueso. Los hematomas óseos son los más serios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La desaparición de un hematoma puede llevar meses, pero la mayoría dura aproximadamente dos semanas. Comienzan de un color rojizo, luego se tornan azul violáceo y amarillo verdoso; antes de volver a la coloración normal. Para reducir los hematomas, coloque hielo sobre el área lesionada y elévela por arriba del nivel del corazón. Consulte a su médico si considera que tiene hematomas sin motivo o si parece haber una infección.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html" id="1621" language="English">Bruises</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Contusiones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Equimosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Golpes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hematomas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Magulladuras</see-reference>
<see-reference>Moretes</see-reference>
<site title="Cicatrización del hematoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100207_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100207_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007213.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia subconjuntival" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/subconjunctival-hemorrhage.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/subconjunctival-hemorrhage.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojo morado: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-black-eye/basics/art-20056675?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-black-eye/basics/ART-20056675?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos morados" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/black-eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/black-eyes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué son los moretones, por qué y cómo se producen" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/preguntas-sobre-moretones" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/bruising-questions">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado dentro de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003235.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencia a la formación de hematomas: Frecuente a medida que envejece" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitopenia inmunitaria (ITP)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trombocitopenia-inmunitaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/immune-thrombocytopenia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitopenia inmunitaria (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immune-thrombocytopenia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune-thrombocytopenia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un moretón?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bruise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bruise.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un ojo morado?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ojo-negro" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/black-eye">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mosquitoes can be more than just annoying; sometimes they spread diseases. Learn about the diseases and how to protect yourself from mosquito bites." title="Mosquito Bites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545" language="English" date-created="06/27/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Mosquitoes are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insects&lt;/a&gt; that live all over the world. There are thousands of different species of mosquitoes; about 200 of those live in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Female mosquitoes bite animals and humans and drink a very small amount of their blood. They need protein and iron from blood to produce eggs. After drinking blood, they find some standing water and lay their eggs in it. The eggs hatch into larvae, then pupae, and then they become adult mosquitos. The males live for about a week to ten days, and the females can live up to several weeks. Some female mosquitoes can hibernate in the winter, and they can live for months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What health problems can mosquito bites cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most mosquito bites are harmless, but there are times when they can be dangerous. The ways that mosquito bites can affect humans include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Causing itchy bumps&lt;/strong&gt;, as an immune system response to the mosquito's saliva. This is the most common reaction. The bumps usually go away after a day or two.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Causing allergic reactions&lt;/strong&gt;, including blisters, large hives, and in rare cases, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anaphylaxis&lt;/a&gt;. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that affects the whole body. It is a medical emergency.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spreading diseases to humans&lt;/strong&gt;. Some of these diseases can be serious. Many of them do not have any treatments, and only a few have vaccines to prevent them. These diseases are more of a problem in Africa and other tropical areas of the world, but more of them are spreading to the United States. One factor is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html"&gt;climate change&lt;/a&gt;, which makes the conditions in some parts of the United States more favorable to certain types of mosquitoes. Other reasons include increased trade with, and travel to, tropical and subtropical areas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which diseases can mosquitoes spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Common diseases spread by mosquitoes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chikungunya.html"&gt;Chikungunya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a viral infection that causes symptoms such as fever and severe joint pain. The symptoms usually last about a week, but for some, the joint pain may last for months. Most cases of chikungunya in the United States are in people who traveled to other countries. There have been a few cases where it has spread in the United States.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html"&gt;Dengue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a viral infection that causes a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Most people get better within a few weeks. In some cases, it can become very severe, even life-threatening. Dengue is rare in the United States.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html"&gt;Malaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a parasitic disease that causes serious symptoms such as high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. It can be life-threatening, but there are drugs to treat it. Malaria is a major health problem in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Almost all cases of malaria in the United States are in people who traveled to other countries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html"&gt;West Nile Virus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (WNV), a viral infection that often has no symptoms. In those that do have symptoms, they are usually mild, and include fever, headache, and nausea. In rare cases, the virus can enter the brain, and it can be life-threatening. WNV has spread across the continental United States.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html"&gt;Zika Virus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a viral infection that often does not cause symptoms. One in five infected people do get symptoms, which are usually mild. They include a fever, rash, joint pain, and pink eye. Besides being spread by mosquitoes, Zika can spread from mother to baby during pregnancy and cause serious birth defects. It can also spread from one partner to another during sex. There have been a few outbreaks of Zika in the southern United States.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can mosquito bites be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use an insect repellent when you go outdoors.&lt;/strong&gt; Choose an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. They are evaluated to make sure they are safe and effective. Make sure that the repellant has one of these ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol. It is important to follow the instructions on the label.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cover up.&lt;/strong&gt; Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks when outdoors. Mosquitoes may bite through thin fabric, so spray thin clothes with an EPA-registered repellent like permethrin. Don't apply permethrin directly to skin.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mosquito-proof your home.&lt;/strong&gt; Install or repair screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out. Use air conditioning if you have it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get rid of mosquito breeding sites.&lt;/strong&gt; Regularly empty standing water from your house and yard. The water could be in flowerpots, gutters, buckets, pool covers, pet water dishes, discarded tires, or birdbaths.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you plan to travel, get information about the areas you will be going to.&lt;/strong&gt; Find out whether there is a risk of diseases from mosquitoes, and if so, whether there is a vaccine or medicine to prevent those diseases. See a health care provider familiar with travel medicine, ideally 4 to 6 weeks before your trip.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html" id="6546" language="Spanish">Picadura de mosquitos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009033">Culicidae</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rundi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Kirundi">Kirundi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mosquitobites.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Battling Bites: Blocking Mosquito-Borne Diseases" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/battling-bites" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/combatiendo-las-picaduras">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Mosquitoes" url="https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/general-information-about-mosquitoes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Mosquito Bit Me! (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/mosquito.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/mosquito.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mosquito Bites" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mosquito-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20375310?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mosquito-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20375310?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Mosquito Bites" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-picaduras-de-mosquitos.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect against Mosquito Bites when Traveling" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mosquito Bites" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Culicidae%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Take a Bite Out of Mosquito Stings" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/taking-a-bite-out-of-mosquitoes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Prevent Mosquito Bites" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/tips-prevent-mosquito-bites">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Repellent Products to Protect against Mosquito-Borne Illnesses" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/using-repellent-products-protect-against-mosquito-borne-illnesses">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Motion sickness can start suddenly, with a queasy feeling and cold sweats. Read about how you can prevent motion sickness while traveling. " title="Motion Sickness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html" id="3106" language="English" date-created="01/14/2003">
<also-called>Airsickness</also-called>
<also-called>Carsickness</also-called>
<also-called>Seasickness</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Motion sickness is a common problem in people &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html"&gt;traveling&lt;/a&gt; by car, train, airplanes, and 
especially boats. Anyone can get it, but it is more common in children, pregnant women, and people taking certain medicines. Motion sickness can start suddenly, with a queasy feeling and cold sweats. It can then lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your brain senses movement by getting signals from your inner ears, eyes, muscles, and joints. When it gets signals that do not match, you can get motion sickness. For example, if you are reading on your phone while riding a bus, your eyes are focused on something that is not moving, but your inner ear senses motion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Where you sit can make a difference. The front seat of a car, forward cars of a train, upper deck on a boat or wing seats in a plane may give you a smoother ride. Looking out into the distance - instead of trying to read or look at something in the vehicle - can also help. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html" id="3107" language="Spanish">Mareo (Cinetosis)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009041">Motion Sickness</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Airsickness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Carsickness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seasickness</see-reference>
<site title="Can Video Games Give People Motion Sickness?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/simulator-sickness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/simulator-sickness.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Car Sickness" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/Pages/Car-Sickness.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/paginas/car-sickness.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Motion Sickness" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Motion+Sickness%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ginger" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginger">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Balance System" url="https://vestibular.org/article/what-is-vestibular/the-human-balance-system/the-human-balance-system-how-do-we-maintain-our-balance/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MdDS)" url="https://www.americanbrainfoundation.org/diseases/mal-de-debarquement-syndrome/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Brain Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Motion Sickness" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/motion-sickness/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mareo-por-el-movimiento-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Motion Sickness: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/ART-20056697?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/art-20056697?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Motion sickness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/motion-sickness">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Motion Sickness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Motion+Sickness%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Motion Sickness" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/air-land-sea/motion-sickness">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Every year thousands of people in the U.S. die from car crashes. Read about how to be safe on the road. " title="Motor Vehicle Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="155" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<also-called>Automobile safety</also-called>
<also-called>Car safety</also-called>
<also-called>Vehicle safety</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every year thousands of people in the U.S. die from motor vehicle crashes. Trying to prevent these crashes is one part of motor vehicle safety.  Here are some things you can do to be safer on the road:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Make sure your vehicle is safe and in working order&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Use car seats for children&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Wear your seat belt&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; Don't speed or drive aggressively&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Don't drive &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impaireddriving.html"&gt;impaired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Safety also involves being aware of others. Share the road with bicycles and motorcycles, and watch for pedestrians.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="2038" language="Spanish">Seguridad al conducir</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001334">Automobile Driving</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012449">Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000063">Accidents, Traffic</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000517">prevention &amp; control</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/motorvehiclesafety.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>Automobile Safety</see-reference>
<see-reference>Car Safety</see-reference>
<see-reference>Car Seats</see-reference>
<see-reference>Driving</see-reference>
<see-reference>Traffic Accidents</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vehicle Safety</see-reference>
<site title="Air Bag Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/air-bag-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/air-bag-safety.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child safety seats" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Driving and older adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000955.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Stroke and Hot Cars" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/health--safety-tips/heat-stroke-and-hot-cars" language-mapped-url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/en-espanol/golpe-de-calor-y-vehiculos-calientes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do You Know When It's Time to Give up the Keys?" url="https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/news%202017-03/HealthyLivingTips_GiveUptheKeys.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Kids Safe from the Dangers of Hot Cars" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hot-car-dangers.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hot-car-dangers.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Kids Safe in Cars" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/auto.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/auto.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Motor Vehicle Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Safety%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Automobile+Driving%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Accidents%2C+Traffic%2Fprevention++and++control%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe Driving for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/safe-driving-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/conduccion-automoviles/conductores-tercera-edad">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safe Driving: Protecting Yourself Behind the Wheel" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/06/safe-driving" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/conduccion-segura">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transportation Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/transportation-safety/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Common mouth problems include cold sores, canker sores, thrush, dry mouth, and bad breath. Discover information on all of these common disorders." title="Mouth Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your mouth is one of the most important parts of your body. It has many different functions. It allows you to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take in food and drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathe in air&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Start digestion, with your teeth chewing the food you eat and your salivary glands releasing saliva to help break down the food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speak and sing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Show emotion, by smiling or pouting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Any problem that affects your mouth can make it hard to eat, drink, or even smile. Some common mouth problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html"&gt;Cold sores&lt;/a&gt; -  painful sores on the lips and around the mouth, caused by a virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html"&gt;Canker sores&lt;/a&gt; - painful sores in the mouth, caused by bacteria or viruses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thrush -  a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;yeast infection&lt;/a&gt; that causes white patches in your mouth &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leukoplakia - white patches of excess cell growth on the cheeks, gums or tongue, common in smokers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;Dry mouth&lt;/a&gt; - a lack of enough saliva, caused by some medicines and certain diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html"&gt;Gum&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html"&gt;tooth problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html"&gt;Bad breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for mouth disorders varies, depending on the problem. If a mouth problem is caused by some other disease, treating that disease can help. It is also important to keep your mouth clean and healthy by brushing, flossing, and not using tobacco.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la boca</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009059">Mouth Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mouthdisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mouthdisorders.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mouthdisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mouthdisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mouthdisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html" id="6053">Canker Sores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html" id="5147">Cold Sores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28">Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html" id="5798">Dry Mouth</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html" id="266">Gum Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html" id="330">Head and Neck Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html" id="331">Oral Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="388">Salivary Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409">Speech and Communication Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1309">Swallowing Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html" id="1660">Throat Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonguedisorders.html" id="5266">Tongue Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Actinic Cheilitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/actinic-cheilitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angular Cheilitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/angular-cheilitis-perleche?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Burning Mouth Syndrome" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/burning-mouth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/sindrome-boca-ardiente">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chapped Lips (Cheilitis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/cheilitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mouth Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mouth+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stomatitis, Aphthous" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stomatitis,+Aphthous%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drooling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon" url="https://myoms.org/find-a-surgeon/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fordyce Spots" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/fordyce-spots?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gum biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpangina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000969.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HIV/AIDS &amp; Oral Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hiv-aids" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/vih-sida-y-la-salud-oral">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leukoplakia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001046.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lichen planus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000867.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/melkersson-rosenthal-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mouth and Teeth (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Dryness or Thick Saliva" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Growths" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/symptoms-of-oral-and-dental-disorders/mouth-growths" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-orales-y-dentales/tumores-bucales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Problems in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth sores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Sores Caused by Cancer Treatment: How to Cope" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/mouth-sores/ART-20045486?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/mouth-sores/art-20045486?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth ulcers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001448.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Hypersensitivity Reactions" url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=125:oral-hypersensitivity-reactions&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Lichen Planus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350869?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Melanotic Macule" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/oral-melanotic-macule?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Mucocele" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/oral-mucocele?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral mucositis - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral mucous cyst" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001639.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Thrush" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thrush.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thrush.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Thrush" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oromandibular Dystonia" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/types-dystonia/oromandibular/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oropharynx lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palatal myoclonus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001637.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parry-Romberg Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/parry-romberg-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pemphigus Vulgaris" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/atlas/pemphigus-vulgaris?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perioral Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/perioral-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perioral dermatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001455.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mouth+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spit Happens: The Surprising Importance of Saliva" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/spit-happens" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-sorpresa-que-le-hara-salivar">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thrush (Oral Candidiasis) in Adults" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/oral-candidiasis-thrush?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrush (Oral Candidiasis) in Children" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/oral-candidiasis-thrush?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrush - children and adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000626.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="White sponge nevus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/white-sponge-nevus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Movement disorders can be caused by nerve diseases, autoimmune diseases, infections and more. Many movement disorders are inherited." title="Movement Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520" language="English" date-created="10/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Movement disorders are neurologic conditions that cause problems with movement, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased movement that can be voluntary (intentional) or involuntary (unintended)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased or slow voluntary movement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many different movement disorders. Some of the more common types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ataxia, the loss of muscle coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html"&gt;Dystonia&lt;/a&gt;, in which involuntary contractions of your muscles cause twisting and repetitive movements. The movements can be painful.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;Huntington's disease&lt;/a&gt;, an inherited disease that causes nerve cells in certain parts of the brain to waste away. This includes the nerve cells that help to control voluntary movement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;, which is disorder that slowly gets worse over time. It causes tremors, slowness of movement, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html"&gt;trouble walking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html"&gt;Tourette syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, a condition which causes people to make sudden twitches, movements, or sounds (tics)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html"&gt;Tremor&lt;/a&gt; and essential tremor, which cause involuntary trembling or shaking movements. The movements may be in one or more parts of your body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of movement disorders include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;Infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage to the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;brain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;peripheral nerves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;Metabolic disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;vascular diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toxins&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment varies by disorder. Medicines can cure some disorders. Others get better when an underlying disease is treated. Often, however, there is no cure. In that case, the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and relieve pain.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039" language="Spanish">Trastornos del movimiento</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009069">Movement Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ataxiatelangiectasia.html" id="3795">Ataxia Telangiectasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5919">Cerebellar Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html" id="1252">Dystonia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="1518">Neuromuscular Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="85">Parkinson's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/progressivesupranuclearpalsy.html" id="3609">Progressive Supranuclear Palsy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html" id="442">Tourette Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html" id="1315">Tremor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html" id="5673">Walking Problems</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ataxia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chorea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dyskinesia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tardive Dyskinesia</see-reference>
<site title="Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/action-myoclonus-renal-failure-syndrome">
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<site title="ADCY5-related dyskinesia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adcy5-related-dyskinesia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/allan-herndon-dudley-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpers-huttenlocher-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angelman syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007616.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angelman Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/angelman-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Angelman syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/angelman-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-with-vitamin-e-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/boucher-neuhauser-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chorea" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#chorea">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Christianson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/christianson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000745.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/clcn2-related-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ataxia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ataxia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chorea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Chorea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Movement Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Movement+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tardive Dyskinesia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tardive+Dyskinesia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Torticollis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Torticollis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Congenital mirror movement disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-mirror-movement-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deep brain stimulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007453.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and other Movement Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/about-ninds/what-we-do/impact/ninds-contributions-approved-therapies/deep-brain-stimulation-dbs-treatment-parkinsons-disease-and-other-movement-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/estimulacion-cerebral-profunda-para-los-trastornos-de-movimiento">
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<site title="Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/deep-brain-stimulation-movement-disorders">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="EMG (Electromyogram) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emg.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essential tremor: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/essential-tremor">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facial tics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001410.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-paroxysmal-nonkinesigenic-dyskinesia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fragile-x-associated-tremor-ataxia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Hypermanganesemia with dystonia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypermanganesemia-with-dystonia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leukoencephalopathy-with-brainstem-and-spinal-cord-involvement-and-lactate-elevation">
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<site title="McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mcleod-neuroacanthocytosis-syndrome">
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<site title="Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-membrane-protein-associated-neurodegeneration">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Movement - uncontrollable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003201.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Movement - uncontrolled or slow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003197.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Movement - uncoordinated" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003198.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Movement - unpredictable or jerky" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003196.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myoclonic epilepsy myopathy sensory ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-myopathy-sensory-ataxia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<site title="Myoclonus" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myoclonus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Myoclonus-dystonia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonus-dystonia">
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuroacanthocytosis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuroacanthocytosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neurodegeneration-brain-iron-accumulation">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001225.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Overview of Movement Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/movement-disorders/overview-of-movement-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-movimiento/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-del-movimiento">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Palatal myoclonus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001637.htm">
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<site title="Paroxysmal Choreoathetosis Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/paroxysmal-choreoathetosis">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Paroxysmal Dystonia &amp; Dyskinesias" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/types-dystonia/paroxysmal/">
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<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Perry syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/perry-syndrome">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El Mpox (viruela del simio, viruela del mono o viruela símica) es una enfermedad rara causada por una infección viral. Más información aquí." title="Mpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html" id="3230" language="Spanish" date-created="05/20/2022">
<also-called>Viruela del mono</also-called>
<also-called>Viruela símica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El mpox (antes conocido como viruela del simio, viruela del mono o viruela símica) es una enfermedad causada por el virus de la viruela símica. Pertenece a la misma familia de virus que el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html"&gt;virus de la viruela&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El virus del mpox se puede transmitir entre animales y personas. Se encuentra regularmente en partes de África central y occidental. El virus que lo causa se ha encontrado en pequeños roedores, monos y otros mamíferos que viven en estas áreas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos brotes de mpox han afectado a personas en muchos países del mundo, incluyendo los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de virus del mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de virus del mpox:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;"clado I"&lt;/strong&gt; se encuentra con regularidad en África central. Causa enfermedades más graves y muertes que el otro tipo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;"clado II"&lt;/strong&gt; se encuentra regularmente en África occidental. Las infecciones del clado II son menos graves. La mayoría de las personas que contraen este tipo sobreviven. Este tipo es la causa del brote mundial de mpox que comenzó en 2022&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propaga el mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El mpox se propaga de diferentes maneras:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de contacto cercano, personal, a menudo piel con piel con alguien que tiene el virus:
  &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del contacto directo con un sarpullido, costras o fluidos corporales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al inhalar el virus durante un prolongado contacto cara a cara &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Durante un contacto físico íntimo, como besos, caricias, abrazos, masajes o relación sexual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Durante el embarazo, de la persona embarazada al bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Por tocar artículos (como ropa, ropa de cama o toallas) que usó una persona con el virus. El riesgo de contraer mpox de esta manera es bajo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;De animales infectados:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al ser arañado o mordido por un animal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al preparar o comer carne o usar productos de un animal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Una persona con mpox puede transmitirlo desde el momento en que comienzan los síntomas hasta que la erupción haya sanado por completo, todas las costras se hayan caído y se haya formado una nueva capa de piel. Esto suele tardar de dos a cuatro semanas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores han encontrado que algunas personas pueden transmitir el mpox a otras de uno a cuatro días antes que los síntomas aparezcan. No se conoce con cuánta frecuencia sucede esto.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usualmente, los síntomas del mpox comienzan dentro de 3 semanas después de haber estado expuesto al virus. Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una erupción con llagas que pueden parecer granos o ampollas. Puede aparecer en la cara, dentro de la boca y en otras partes del cuerpo, como las manos, los pies, el pecho, los genitales o el ano. Pasa por diferentes etapas, incluyendo costras, antes de curarse. Esto puede tomar de dos a cuatro semanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Agotamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores musculares y de espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas respiratorios, como dolor de garganta, congestión nasal o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede tener todos o solo algunos síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que primero tenga un sarpullido, seguido de otros síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que tenga síntomas similares a los de la gripe y luego desarrolle un sarpullido de 1 a 4 días después&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que solo tenga un sarpullido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene mpox, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Examinará su sarpullido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomará una muestra de tejido de una de las llagas para analizarla en busca del virus de la viruela símica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar un análisis de sangre para comprobar si tiene el virus de la viruela símica o si tiene anticuerpos contra el virus. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; produce para combatir sustancias extrañas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existen tratamientos específicos para el mpox, pero muchas personas mejoran por sí solas.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Dado que el mpox y la viruela son similares, los medicamentos antivirales que tratan la viruela también pueden ayudar a tratar el mpox. Se pueden recomendar medicamentos antivirales para las personas con mpox grave o están en riesgo de tener mpox grave, por ejemplo, porque:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; u otras afecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Están embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son niños, especialmente los menores de un año&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen ciertas afecciones de la piel activas que pueden causar una infección generalizada, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html"&gt;eccema&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html"&gt;impétigo&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene mpox, se recomienda que se quede en casa desde el momento en que presente los síntomas hasta que la erupción de mpox se haya curado y se haya formado una nueva capa de piel. Si es posible, es mejor que esté en una habitación separada de los miembros de su familia y las mascotas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JYNNEOS es una vacuna que puede ayudar a prevenir mpox (y la viruela). La vacuna se administra en dos dosis con cuatro semanas de diferencia. Recibir ambas dosis brinda la mejor protección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vacuna se recomienda para personas que tienen riesgo de contraer mpox, por ejemplo, porque:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tuvieron o creen que pueden haber tenido exposición a alguien con mpox&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres, personas transgénero o personas de género no binario que en los últimos seis meses tuvieron:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una o más &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Más de una pareja sexual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sexo en un lugar de sexo comercial (como un club de sexo o un baño público)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sexo en un evento público grande donde personas diseminaron mpox&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tuvieron una pareja sexual que tiene riesgo de contraer mpox&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esperan estar en alguna de estas situaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Están en riesgo de exposición en el trabajo, por ejemplo, en un laboratorio o centro de atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Consulte con su profesional de la salud para ver si la vacuna es recomendable para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen pasos adicionales que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el mpox:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite el contacto cercano de piel con piel con la erupción del mpox. Por ello, si una persona está enferma de mpox:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No toque su sarpullido o costras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No les bese, abrace, no se acueste ni tenga relaciones sexuales con ellas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite el contacto con utensilios que hayan sido ocupados por alguien con mpox:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No comparta utensilios para comer ni tazas con ellos&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;No toque la ropa de cama, toallas o ropa de una persona que tenga mpox&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si usted o alguien con el que usted vive tiene mpox, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;limpie y desinfecte&lt;/a&gt; su hogar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lávese las manos&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia con agua y jabón o use un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol, especialmente después del contacto con personas enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


  
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html" id="3229" language="English">Mpox</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html" id="4183">Gérmenes e higiene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7608">Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html" id="2154">Viruela</related-topic>
<site title="Mpox (viruela del mono)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/poxvirus/mpox-viruela-del-mono">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre la mpox (viruela símica)" url="https://www.paho.org/es/mpox/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-mpox-viruela-simica" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/en/mpox-monkeypox-outbreak-2022/mpox-monkeypox-qa">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la viruela y la viruela  símica o del mono (JYNNEOS™):  Lo que debe saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_smallpox_monkeypox.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/smallpox-monkeypox.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la viruela y la viruela símica o del mono (JYNNEOS): Lo que necesita saber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007786.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruela del mono (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/monkeypox.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/monkeypox.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruela del simio: Lo que debe saber" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/viruela-del-simio-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/09/monkeypox-what-you-should-know">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viruela símica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007783.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruela símica (mpox)" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mpox" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mpox">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruela símica (mpox)" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mpox" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mpox">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mpox (monkeypox) is a rare disease caused by infection with the mpox virus. Learn about the symptoms and how it spreads, and vaccinations." title="Mpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html" id="3229" language="English" date-created="05/20/2022">
<also-called>Monkeypox</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is mpox?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Mpox, which used to be called monkeypox, is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus. This virus is in the same family of viruses as the  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html"&gt;smallpox&lt;/a&gt; virus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mpox can be spread between animals and people. It is found regularly in parts of Central and West Africa. The virus that causes it has been found in small rodents, monkeys, and other mammals that live in these areas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some outbreaks of mpox have affected people in many countries around the world, including the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of monkeypox viruses?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two types of monkeypox viruses:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clade I&lt;/strong&gt; is regularly found in Central Africa. It causes more severe illness and deaths than clade II. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clade II&lt;/strong&gt; is regularly found in West Africa. Infections from clade II are less severe. Most people who get this type will survive. This type is the cause of the global mpox outbreak that started in 2022.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does mpox spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mpox spreads in different ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through close, personal contact with someone who has the virus:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Through direct contact with their rash, scabs, or body fluids&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;By breathing in the virus during prolonged, face-to-face contact&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;During intimate physical contact such as kissing, cuddling, hugging, massage or sex&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During pregnancy, from the pregnant person to the baby.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From touching items (such as clothes, bedding, or towels) that were used by someone who has the virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From infected animals:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;By being scratched or bitten by the animal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;By preparing or eating meat or using products from the animal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Someone who has mpox can spread it from the time their symptoms start until their rash has fully healed, all scabs have fallen off, and a fresh layer of skin has formed.  This usually takes 2-4 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Researchers have found that some people can spread mpox to others from 1 to 4 days before their symptoms appear. It is not known how often this happens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of mpox usually start within 3 weeks from the time you were exposed to the virus. The symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A rash with sores that can look like pimples or blisters. It could be on the face, inside the mouth, and on other parts of the body, like the hands, feet, chest, genitals, or anus. It goes through different stages, including scabs, before healing. This can take 2-4 weeks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes ("swollen glands").&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exhaustion.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle aches and backache.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiratory symptoms, such as a sore throat, nasal congestion, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may have all or only a few symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may get a rash first, followed by other symptoms&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;You may have flu-like symptoms and then develop a rash 1-4 days later&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may only get a rash&lt;/li&gt;   
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is mpox diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have mpox, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and medical history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will look at your rash.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take a sample of tissue from one of the sores so it can be tested for the monkeypox virus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do blood tests to check for monkeypox virus or for antibodies to the virus. Antibodies are proteins that your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; makes to fight foreign substances such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for mpox?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are no treatments specifically for mpox, but many people get better on their own.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Since mpox and smallpox are similar, antiviral medicines that treat smallpox may also help treat mpox. Antiviral medicines may be recommended for people have severe mpox or are at risk of severe mpox, for example because they:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt;, for example from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or other conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are children, especially those under age 1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain active skin conditions that can cause widespread infection, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;eczema&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html"&gt;impetigo&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have mpox, it is recommended that you stay home from the time you have symptoms until your mpox rash has healed and a new layer of skin has formed. It would be best to stay in a separate room from your family members and pets if you can.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can mpox be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JYNNEOS is a vaccine that can help prevent mpox (and smallpox). The vaccine is given in two doses 4 weeks apart. Getting both doses gives the best protection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The vaccine is recommended for people who are at risk of mpox, for example because they:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had or think they could've had exposure to someone with mpox&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a man who has sex with men, a transgender person, or a gender non-binary person who in the last 6 months had:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;One or more sexually transmitted infections&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;More than one sexual partner&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sex at a commercial sex venue (like a sex club or bathhouse)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sex at a large public event where people had spread mpox&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had a sex partner who is at risk of mpox&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Expect to be in any of these situations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are at risk of exposure at work, for example at a lab or healthcare facility&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Check with your provider to see if the vaccine is recommended for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also other steps you can take to help prevent mpox:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with the mpox rash. So, while a person is sick with mpox:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Do not touch their rash or scabs&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Do not kiss, hug, cuddle, or have sex with them&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid contact with items that were used by someone who has mpox:   
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Do not touch the bedding, towels, or clothing of a person who has mpox&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Do not share eating utensils or cups with them&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If you or someone you live with has mpox, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;clean and disinfect&lt;/a&gt; your home&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Wash your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after contact with sick people.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html" id="3230" language="Spanish">Mpox</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D045908">Mpox (monkeypox)</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mpox.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html" id="7607">Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html" id="4182">Germs and Hygiene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html" id="1567">Smallpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Monkeypox</see-reference>
<site title="About Mpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/about/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mpox" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=mpox%20OR%20monkeypox&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting Tested for Mpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/testing/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/testing/testing-basics.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007783.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mpox" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mpox">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox (formerly Monkeypox)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/mpox">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mpox (Monkeypox) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/monkeypox.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/monkeypox.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox (Questions and Answers)" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mpox" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mpox">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox and HIV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/about/mpox-and-hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/prevention/hiv.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox in Animals and Pets" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/about/mpox-in-animals-and-pets.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/prevention/pets-in-homes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox Infections after Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/vaccines/mpox-after-vaccination.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/your-health/vaccines/infections.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox Vaccination Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/vaccines/index.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox: Cleaning and Disinfecting" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/caring/cleaning-and-disinfecting.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/if-sick/cleaning-disinfecting.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox: How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/causes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/your-health/transmission.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox: What to Do If You Are Sick" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/caring/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/if-sick/what-to-do.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patient's Guide to Mpox Treatment with TPOXX (tecovirimat)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/caring/patients-guide-to-mpox-treatment-with-tpoxx-tecovirimat.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/if-sick/treatment.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Mpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/prevention/protect-yourself.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mpox" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mpox+%28monkeypox%29%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safer Sex, Social Gatherings, and Mpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/prevention/safer-sex-social-gatherings-and-mpox.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/prevention/sexual-health.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Mpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/es/symptoms/index.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox/monkeypox vaccine (JYNNEOS): what you need to know" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- Smallpox/Monkeypox Vaccine (JYNNEOS): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/smallpox-monkeypox.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_smallpox_monkeypox.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnet and radio waves to look at organs and structures inside the body. Read about the use of MRI scan." title="MRI Scans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html" id="3953" language="English" date-created="11/04/2004">
<also-called>Magnetic resonance imaging</also-called>
<also-called>NMR</also-called>
<also-called>Nuclear magnetic resonance</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnet and radio waves to look at organs and structures inside your body. Health care professionals use MRI scans to diagnose a variety of conditions, from torn ligaments to tumors. MRIs are very useful for examining the brain and spinal cord. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During the scan, you lie on a table that slides inside a tunnel-shaped machine. Doing the scan can take a long time, and you must stay still. The scan is painless. The MRI machine makes a lot of noise. The technician may offer you earplugs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before you get a scan, tell your doctor if you :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are pregnant &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have pieces of metal in your body. You might have metal in your body if you have a shrapnel or bullet injury or if you are a welder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have metal or electronic devices in your body, such as a cardiac pacemaker or a metal artificial joint&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html" id="3954" language="Spanish">Imágenes por resonancia magnética</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008279">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mriscans.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104">Diagnostic Imaging</related-topic>
<see-reference>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Radiology Accredited Facility Search" url="https://www.acraccreditation.org/accredited-facility-search">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arm MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodymr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodymr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Scans Offer Insights into Loss of Money Skills" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/brain-scans-offer-insights-loss-money-skills">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/breastmr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007360.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007354.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestmr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Magnetic Resonance Imaging" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=mri&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contrast Materials" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-contrast" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-contrast">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional MRI (fMRI)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting an MRI (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/video-mri.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-mri.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003795.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Read Your Radiology Report" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Kids Still during Exams" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/pedimmobilization.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Knee MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/kneemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/kneemr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007361.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leg MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007357.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance (MR) Defecography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/defecography-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/defecography-mri">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Imaging" url="https://www.ismrm.org/resources/information-for-patients/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)" url="https://familydoctor.org/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/tomografia-por-resonancia-magnetica-trm/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Safety" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-mr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-mr">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MR Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MR Enterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/MRenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/MRenterography">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003335.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-imaging/mri-magnetic-resonance-imaging">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI and low back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007493.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI Safety during Pregnancy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-mri-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-mri-pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MRI: Is Gadolinium Safe for People with Kidney Problems?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/gadolinium/faq-20057772?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pediatric-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pediatric-mri">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Floor MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mr_prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mr_prostate">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI Scans" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Magnetic+Resonance+Imaging%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo: Glossary of Terms" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007359.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/urography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/urography">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Radiologist Explains Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/gallery/video/947" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/sp/gallery/index.cfm?video=1247">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="MRSA infection is a staph infection that is resistant to some antibiotics. Read about MRSA symptoms, treatment, and prevention." title="MRSA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html" id="4539" language="English" date-created="10/18/2007">
<also-called>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  It causes a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html"&gt;staph infection&lt;/a&gt; (pronounced "staff infection") that is resistant to several common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. There are two types of infection. Hospital-associated MRSA happens to people in health care settings. Community-associated MRSA happens to people who have close skin-to-skin contact with others, such as athletes involved in football and wrestling.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html"&gt;Infection control&lt;/a&gt; is key to stopping MRSA in hospitals. To prevent community-associated MRSA:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practice good hygiene&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with a bandage until healed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid contact with other people's wounds or bandages&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid sharing personal items, such as towels, washcloths, razors, or clothes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash soiled sheets, towels, and clothes in hot water with bleach and dry in a hot dryer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If a wound appears to be infected, see a health care provider. Treatments may include draining the infection and antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html" id="4540" language="Spanish">Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055624">Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mrsa.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" id="6252">Antibiotic Resistance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" id="222">Antibiotics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040">Infection Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="418">Staphylococcal Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus</see-reference>
<site title="Abscess" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/abscess?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antimicrobial Resistance Threats" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-threats">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Overview of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Healthcare Settings" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/hcp/clinical-overview/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Methicillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007261.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRSA" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mrsa.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/mrsa.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRSA" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/mrsa?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRSA (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mrsa.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mrsa.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRSA Infection" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mrsa/symptoms-causes/syc-20375336?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mrsa/symptoms-causes/syc-20375336?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRSA Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mrsa-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sarm/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Swab" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Lice, Pinworms, and MRSA at the Pool" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-lice-pinworms-and-mrsa-at-the-pool.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-los-piojos-los-oxiuros-y-el-sarm-staphylococcus-aureus-resistente-a-la-meticilina.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections in Athletes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/prevention/athletes.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRSA" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Methicillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Flu and Staph Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/signs-symptoms/flustaph.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flustaph.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staph infections in the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000449.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staphylococcus aureus (Staph infection) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/staphylococcus-aureus-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/estafilococo-aureus/pdf/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Multiple myeloma is a cancer that begins in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. Discover symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments for myeloma." title="Multiple Myeloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html" id="332" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Plasma-cell myeloma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Multiple myeloma is a cancer that begins in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. These cells are part of your immune system, which helps protect the body from germs and other harmful substances. In time, myeloma cells collect in the bone marrow and in the solid parts of bones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one knows the exact causes of multiple myeloma, but it is more common in older people and African Americans. It can run in families. Common symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone pain, often in the back or ribs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent infections and fevers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling very thirsty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frequent urination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose multiple myeloma using lab tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy.  Your treatment depends on how advanced the disease is and whether you have symptoms.  If you have no symptoms, you may not need treatment right away. If you have symptoms, you may have chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, or targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html" id="2040" language="Spanish">Mieloma múltiple</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009101">Multiple Myeloma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="171">Bone Marrow Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1457">Bone Marrow Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html" id="117">Lymphoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Plasma-cell Myeloma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Plasmacytoma</see-reference>
<site title="24-hour urine protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003622.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amyloidosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353178?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="B and T cell screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2M) Tumor Marker Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/beta-2-microglobulin-b2m-tumor-marker-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-de-microglobulina-beta-2-b2m/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Count Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone-marrow transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Multiple Myeloma Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Multiple Myeloma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Multiple+Myeloma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Plasmacytoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Plasmacytoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryoglobulins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Neoplasms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/multiple-myeloma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Free Light Chains" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/free-light-chains/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cadenas-ligeras-libres/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq#_3" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloma-multiple/paciente/tratamiento-mieloma-pdq#_3">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Immunoelectrophoresis - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003541.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunoelectrophoresis - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003592.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunofixation - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003593.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunofixation blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003543.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Integrative Medicine and Complementary and Alternative Therapies" url="https://www.lls.org/treatment/integrative-medicine-and-complementary-therapies" language-mapped-url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/FS8S_Span_Integrative%20Medicine%20Facts_FINAL_Mar2017.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Multiple Myeloma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Multiple Myeloma Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monoclonal Gammopathies" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/monoclonal-gammopathies">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Myeloma" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/multiple-myeloma/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mieloma-multiple-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple myeloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000583.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Myeloma Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-myeloma/symptoms-causes/syc-20353378?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple myeloma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-myeloma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Myeloma: Patient Handbook" url="https://imf-d8-prod.s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/resource/patient-handbook.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>International Myeloma Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myeloma" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myeloma" url="https://www.lls.org/myeloma/myeloma-overview">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma) Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq#_88" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloma-multiple/paciente/tratamiento-mieloma-pdq#_88">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pomalidomide Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone Improves Survival for Patients with Multiple Myeloma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/research/pomalidomide-dexamethasone">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Protein electrophoresis - serum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein Electrophoresis by Immunofixation Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-inmunofijacion/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Myeloma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple+Myeloma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Quantitative Bence-Jones protein test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003597.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quantitative nephelometry test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask about Multiple Myeloma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serum globulin electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003544.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq#_59" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloma-multiple/paciente/tratamiento-mieloma-pdq#_59">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cell Transplants in Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/trasplante-de-celulas-madre">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="T-cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003516.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003516.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests to Find Multiple Myeloma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/testing.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/pruebas.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Multiple Myeloma" url="https://themmrf.org/multiple-myeloma/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Test Results" url="https://imf-d8-prod.s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/resource/u-testresults_0.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>International Myeloma Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Multiple Myeloma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Multiple Myeloma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/about/what-is-multiple-myeloma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/acerca/que-es-mieloma-multiple.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/mieloma-multiple/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Multiple sclerosis (MS) slows down or blocks messages between the brain and body. MS can be mild or severe. Learn about MS symptoms and treatment." title="Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html" id="83" language="English" date-created="01/15/1999">
<also-called>MS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;nervous system disease&lt;/a&gt; that affects your brain and spinal cord.  It damages the myelin sheath, the material that surrounds and protects your nerve cells. This damage slows down or blocks messages between your brain and your body, leading to the symptoms of MS. They can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visual disturbances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble with coordination and balance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensations such as numbness, prickling, or "pins and needles" &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinking and memory problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one knows what causes MS. It may be an autoimmune disease, which happens when your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Multiple sclerosis affects women more than men. It often begins between the ages of 20 and 40.  Usually, the disease is mild, but some people lose the ability to write, speak, or walk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for MS.  Doctors use a medical history, physical exam, neurological exam, MRI, and other tests to diagnose it. There is no cure for MS, but medicines may slow it down and help control symptoms. Physical and occupational therapy may also help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html" id="2041" language="Spanish">Esclerosis múltiple</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009103">Multiple Sclerosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>MS</see-reference>
<site title="BAER - brainstem auditory evoked response" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003926.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Multiple+Sclerosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CNN's John King Isn't Letting Multiple Sclerosis Slow Him Down" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cnns-john-king-isnt-letting-multiple-sclerosis-slow-him-down" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/john-king-de-cnn-no-permitira-que-la-esclerosis-multiple-lo-detenga">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/642">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprehensive Care" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/treating-ms/comprehensive-care">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF cell count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003625.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Index" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/csf-immunoglobulin-g-igg-index/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/indice-de-igg-en-lcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CSF myelin basic protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003370.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF oligoclonal banding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003631.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003631.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF oligoclonal banding - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100145_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100145_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Daily bowel care program" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/ms-symptoms/depression">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Nutrition" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/living-with-ms/diet-exercise-and-healthy-behaviors/diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dressing with Ease, Style, and Comfort" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/fyi-dressing-ease-style-and-comfort">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emotional Disorders in People with Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/630">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercising With Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/living-with-ms/diet-exercise-and-healthy-behaviors/exercise">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Family Planning and Pregnancy with Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/living-with-ms/diet-exercise-and-healthy-behaviors/pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Financial Planning" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/resources/financial-planning">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gait or Walking Problems" url="https://nms2cdn.azureedge.net/cmssite/nationalmssociety/media/msnationalfiles/brochures/brochure-gaitorwalkingproblems-thebasicfacts_final.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide for Support Partners" url="https://cdn.sanity.io/files/y936aps5/production/aecdc13c9d92b721ef4b0be3dc8d14f20f5868f6.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/NationalMSSociety/media/MSNationalFiles/Brochures/Brochure-Cuidando-de-una-persona-con-esclerosis-multiple.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
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<site title="Managing Multiple Sclerosis: Treatment Can Delay Future Attacks" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/01/managing-multiple-sclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/manejo-de-la-esclerosis-multiple">
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<site title="Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/multiple-sclerosis">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350269?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple sclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000737.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Multiple Sclerosis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-sclerosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple sclerosis - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000129.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Sclerosis: Can It Cause Seizures?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/multiple-sclerosis/FAQ-20058138?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/multiple-sclerosis/faq-20058138?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Multiple sclerosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-sclerosis">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Multiple Sclerosis: What You Need to Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/multiple-sclerosis-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/esclerosis-multiple-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Multiple Sclerosis Society" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuromyelitis Optica" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuromyelitis-optica" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuromielitis-optica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Palatal myoclonus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001637.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/who-gets-ms/pediatric-multiple-sclerosis">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS)" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/types-of-ms/primary-progressive-ms">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Multiple+Sclerosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitation and Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/treating-ms/rehabilitation">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/types-of-ms/relapse-remitting-ms">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Research News and Progress" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/ms-research/research-news-progress">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resources" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/resources">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Schilder's Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/schilders-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS)" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/types-of-ms/secondary-progressive-ms">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shaking Out Clues to Autoimmune Disease" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/shaking-out-clues-autoimmune-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spasticity" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#spasticity">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Staying Mobile" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/living-with-ms/mobility-and-accessibility/staying-mobile">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Technique Selectively Represses Immune System" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/technique-selectively-represses-immune-system">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Thunder God Vine" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/thunder-god-vine">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Uncovering the Mysteries of Multiple Sclerosis: Medical Imaging Helps NIH Researchers Understand the Tricky Disease" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/uncovering-the-mysteries-of-multiple-sclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/esclerosis-multiple-una-enfermedad-misteriosa">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Use of Supplements for Multiple Sclerosis" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/managing-ms/living-with-ms/diet-exercise-and-healthy-behaviors/diet-nutrition/vitamin-mineral-and-supplements">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Is There Any Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/FAQ-20058258?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/faq-20058258?p=1">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D Levels Predict Multiple Sclerosis Progression" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/vitamin-d-levels-predict-multiple-sclerosis-progression">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mumps symptoms include fever, headache, and muscle aches. There is no treatment, but the MMR vaccine can prevent it. Get the facts about the vaccine." title="Mumps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html" id="334" language="English" date-created="06/07/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Mumps is an illness caused by the mumps virus. It starts with:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Headache&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Muscle aches&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiredness&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After that, the salivary glands under the ears or jaw become swollen and tender. The swelling can be on one or both sides of the face.  Symptoms last 7 to 10 days. Serious complications are rare.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can catch mumps by being with another person who has it.  There is no treatment for mumps, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Before the routine vaccination program in the United States, mumps was a common illness in infants, children and young adults. Now it is a rare disease in the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html" id="2042" language="Spanish">Paperas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009107">Mumps</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/mumps.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<site title="About Mumps" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibody Serology Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mumps" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mumps%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measles and Mumps Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measles-and-mumps-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sarampion-y-paperas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety Information" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, Rubella and the MMR Vaccine during Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmr.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mumps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001557.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mumps" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mumps" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mumps/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/paperas-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mumps Cases and Outbreaks" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/outbreaks/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/outbreaks-sp.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mumps Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/about/complications-sp.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orchitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orchitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20375860?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001280.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mumps" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mumps%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Have you ever had sudden, painful cramps in a muscle? These muscle spasms (also called charley horse) are very common. Learn how to relieve the pain." title="Muscle Cramps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html" id="1707" language="English" date-created="07/30/2002">
<also-called>Charley horse</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are muscle cramps?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions or spasms in one or more of your muscles. They are very common and often occur after exercise. Some people get muscle cramps, especially leg cramps, at night. They can be painful, and they may last a few seconds to several minutes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can have a cramp in any muscle, but they happen most often in the:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thighs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Area along your ribcage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes muscle cramps?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Causes of muscle cramps include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Straining or overusing a muscle. This is the most common cause.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compression of your nerves, from problems such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord injury&lt;/a&gt; or a pinched nerve in the neck or back&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;Dehydration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;electrolytes&lt;/a&gt; such as magnesium, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;potassium&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not enough blood getting to your muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the cause of muscle cramps is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for muscle cramps?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get muscle cramps, but they are more common in some people:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older adults&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who are overweight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Athletes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnant women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with certain medical conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;nerve&lt;/a&gt; disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;h3&gt;When do I need to see a health care provider for muscle cramps?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muscle cramps are usually harmless, and they go away after a few minutes. But you should contact your health care provider if the cramps:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are severe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Happen frequently&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't get better with stretching and drinking enough fluids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Last a long time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are accompanied by swelling, redness, or a feeling of warmth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are accompanied by muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for muscle cramps?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You usually don't need treatment for muscle cramps. You may be able to find some relief from cramps by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stretching or gently massaging the muscle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Applying heat when the muscle is tight and ice when the muscle is sore&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting more fluids if you are dehydrated&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If another medical problem is causing the cramps, treating that problem will likely help. There are medicines that providers sometimes prescribe to prevent cramps, but they are not always effective and may cause side effects. Talk to your provider about the risks and benefits of medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can muscle cramps be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To prevent muscle cramps, you can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stretch your muscles,&lt;/strong&gt; especially before exercising. If you often get leg cramps at night, stretch your leg muscles before bed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drink plenty of liquids.&lt;/strong&gt; If you do intense exercise or exercise in the heat, sports drinks can help you replace electrolytes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html" id="2279" language="Spanish">Calambre muscular</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009120">Muscle Cramp</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html" id="1252">Dystonia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620">Sports Injuries</related-topic>
<see-reference>Charley Horse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cramps</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leg Cramps</see-reference>
<site title="Charley horse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002066.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Muscle Cramp" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Muscle+Cramp%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Muscle Cramps: Why You Don't Have to Live with This Common Pain" url="https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/muscle-cramp/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Cramps, First Aid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-heat-cramps?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Relieve My Pregnancy Leg Cramps?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/leg-cramps.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muscle cramps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003193.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Night Leg Cramps" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/night-leg-cramps/basics/definition/SYM-20050813?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/night-leg-cramps/basics/definition/sym-20050813?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muscle Cramps" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Muscle+Cramp%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Your Muscles" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/muscles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/muscles.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your muscles help you move and help your body work. Muscle disorders can cause weakness, pain or even paralysis. Read more about muscle disorders." title="Muscle Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<also-called>Myopathy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your muscles help you move and help your body work. Different types of muscles have different jobs. There are many problems that can affect muscles. Muscle disorders can cause weakness, pain or even paralysis. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of muscle disorders include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injury or overuse, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;sprains or strains&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html"&gt;cramps&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendinitis &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A genetic disorder, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;muscular dystrophy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html"&gt;cancers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflammation, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html"&gt;myositis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diseases of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html"&gt;nerves&lt;/a&gt; that affect muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the cause of muscle disorders is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043" language="Spanish">Enfermedades musculares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009135">Muscular Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fibromyalgia.html" id="32">Fibromyalgia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html" id="83">Multiple Sclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html" id="1707">Muscle Cramps</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html" id="335">Muscular Dystrophy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html" id="336">Myasthenia Gravis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html" id="1617">Myositis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="1518">Neuromuscular Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="495">Soft Tissue Sarcoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html" id="417">Sprains and Strains</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html" id="1618">Tendinitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Myopathies</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rhabdomyolysis</see-reference>
<site title="Actin-accumulation myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/actin-accumulation-myopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adenosine-monophosphate-deaminase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the bones - muscles - joints" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004015.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aldolase blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003566.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bones, Muscles, and Joints" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bones, Muscles, and Joints: The Musculoskeletal System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Treatment for Muscle Spasms" url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brody myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/brody-myopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cap myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cap-myopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caring for muscle spasticity or spasms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000063.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central core disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/central-core-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centronuclear myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/centronuclear-myopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Muscular Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Muscular+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rhabdomyolysis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rhabdomyolysis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collagen VI-related myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/collagen-vi-related-myopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compartment syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001224.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001224.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital fiber-type disproportion: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-fiber-type-disproportion">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Myopathy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/congenital-myopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contracture deformity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003185.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creatine Kinase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatine-kinase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/creatina-cinasa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creatine phosphokinase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Danon disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/danon-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/early-onset-myopathy-with-fatal-cardiomyopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003929.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="EMG (Electromyogram) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emg.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extra-Abdominal Desmoid Tumors (Aggressive Fibromatoses)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/extra-abdominal-desmoid-tumors">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyelid twitch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000756.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial Periodic Paralyses" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/familial-periodic-paralyses">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibrodysplasia-ossificans-progressiva">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Drop Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/foot-drop-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glycogen storage disease type III: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-iii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glycogen storage disease type VII: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-vii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Lesson: Learning About Muscles" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/educational-resources/health-lesson-learning-about-muscles">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-myopathy-with-early-respiratory-failure">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Muscular dystrophy (MD) is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle damage. Read about who it affects and the prognosis." title="Muscular Dystrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html" id="335" language="English" date-created="08/04/1999">
<also-called>MD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is muscular dystrophy (MD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of more than 30 &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic diseases&lt;/a&gt;. They cause weakness of the muscles. Over time, the weakness gets worse and can cause trouble &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html"&gt;walking&lt;/a&gt; and doing daily activities. Some types of MD can also affect other organs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of muscular dystrophy (MD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of MD. Some of the more common types include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is the most common childhood form. It is severe and affects boys more often than girls. The symptoms usually start between ages 3 and 6.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Becker muscular dystrophy, which is similar to Duchenne but is less severe and gets worse more slowly. It often starts in the teenage years.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Congenital muscular dystrophies, which are present at birth or before age 2. They can be mild or severe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, which often starts in the teenage years. At first, it affects the muscles of the face, shoulders, and upper arms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each of the types of MD can be different in many ways, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Who is more likely to get them&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Which muscles they affect&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When they appear, such as in infancy, childhood, middle age, or later&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What the symptoms are&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How serious the symptoms are&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How quickly they get worse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether they run in families&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether they affect other organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even within the same type of MD, people can have different symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes muscular dystrophy (MD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MD is genetic, meaning that it caused by a change in one or more genes. Gene changes are also called gene variants or mutations. The gene changes in MD affect proteins that strengthen and protect muscles.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are different gene changes that cause each type of MD. And sometimes people who have the same type of MD can  have different gene changes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muscular dystrophy can run in families, or you can be the first in your family to have a muscular dystrophy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is muscular dystrophy (MD) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you or your child has MD, your health care provider may use:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical and family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood and urine tests, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; and tests for certain enzymes that may be released by damaged muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/"&gt;Electromyography and nerve conduction studies&lt;/a&gt; to find out if muscles are responding the right way to nerve signals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Heart testing&lt;/a&gt;, such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;electrocardiogram&lt;/a&gt; (EKG), since some types of MD can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercise tests to measure muscle strength and breathing and detect any increased rates of certain chemicals following exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt; to look at muscle quality and bulk and measure fatty replacement of muscle tissue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for muscular dystrophy (MD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for muscular dystrophy. Treatment can help with the symptoms and prevent complications. It usually includes a combination of therapies, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical therapy to help keep muscles flexible and strong&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Occupational therapy to relearn lost motor skills and learn ways to work around weakened muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiratory care, such as breathing exercises, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;, and ventilators&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speech therapy to help with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;speech&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing&lt;/a&gt; problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Assistive devices&lt;/a&gt;, such as wheelchairs, splints and braces, and walkers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to help delay damage to muscles or minimize the symptoms of MD&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery to treat some of the conditions associated with MD, such as heart problems, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html"&gt;scoliosis&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;cataracts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
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<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html" id="2044" language="Spanish">Distrofia muscular</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009136">Muscular Dystrophies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<site title="Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2020/10/MDA_DMD_Fact_Sheet_Oct_2020.pdf">
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Duchenne muscular dystrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000705.htm">
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="How Is Muscular Dystrophy (MD) Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/musculardys/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/musculardys/informacion/diagnostica">
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<site title="Learning and Behavior" url="https://www.parentprojectmd.org/care/care-guidelines/by-area/learning-and-behavior/">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD)" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/limb-girdle-muscular-dystrophy" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_LGMD_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/limb-girdle-muscular-dystrophy">
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</site>
<site title="Muscular Dystrophy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/muscular-dystrophy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Muscular dystrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001190.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Muscular Dystrophy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscular-dystrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375388?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/muscular-dystrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375388?p=1">
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<site title="Muscular Dystrophy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/muscular-dystrophy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/muscular-dystrophy.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Muscular Dystrophy: Other FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/musculardys/more_information/FAQs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/musculardys/masinformacion/preguntas">
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<site title="Myofibrillar myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myofibrillar-myopathy">
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<site title="Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/myotonic-dystrophy">
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<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
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<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
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<site title="Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/oculopharyngeal-muscular-dystrophy">
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<site title="Physical Therapy for Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)" url="https://www.fshdsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FSH-Society-PT-for-FSHD-Brochure.pdf">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term illness. It causes severe fatigue and many other symptoms. Learn about managing them." title="Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" id="89" language="English" date-created="02/19/1999">
<also-called>CFS</also-called>
<also-called>Chronic fatigue syndrome</also-called>
<also-called>ME/CFS</also-called>
<also-called>Myalgic encephalomyelitis</also-called>
<also-called>SEID</also-called>
<also-called>Systemic exertion intolerance disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious, long-term illness that affects many body systems. Another name for it is chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). ME/CFS can often make you unable to do your usual activities. Sometimes you may not even be able to get out of bed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers don't yet know what causes ME/CFS. There may be more than one potential cause. It is also possible that two or more triggers might work together to cause the illness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Researchers are studying many possible causes, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;Immune system&lt;/a&gt; changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;emotional&lt;/a&gt; stress&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in the way cells in the body get their energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics; the illness can sometimes run in families&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get ME/CFS, but it is most common in people between 40 and 60 years old. Adult women are more likely to develop it than adult men.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The primary, or core, symptoms of ME/CFS are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to do activities that you used to do before the illness, along with severe fatigue. The fatigue must last six months or longer, and it is not improved by rest.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Post-exertional malaise (PEM), which means that your symptoms get worse after any physical or mental activity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;Sleep problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Along with the primary symptoms, to be diagnosed with ME/CFS, you need to have one or both of these symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with thinking and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Worsening of symptoms while standing or sitting upright. This is called orthostatic intolerance. It can cause you to feel lightheaded, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizzy&lt;/a&gt;, weak, or faint while standing or sitting up.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the other symptoms that ME/CFS can cause include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;Pain&lt;/a&gt;, including muscle pain, joint pain, and headaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;Sore throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tender lymph nodes (glands) in the neck or armpits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digestive issues, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;irritable bowel syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills and night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;Allergies&lt;/a&gt; and sensitivities to foods, odors, chemicals, light, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html"&gt;noise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;ME/CFS can be unpredictable. Your symptoms may come and go. They may change over time; sometimes they might get better, and other times they may get worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ME/CFS can be difficult to diagnose. There is no specific test for ME/CFS, and other illnesses can cause similar symptoms. Your health care provider has to rule out other diseases before making a diagnosis of ME/CFS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider will do a thorough medical exam, which will include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asking about your medical history and your family's medical history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asking about your current illness, including your symptoms.  Some questions they may ask could include how often you have symptoms, how bad they are, how long they have lasted, and how they affect your life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thorough physical and mental status exams.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood, urine, or other tests to check for other illnesses which could be causing your symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider may also ask you to see a specialist to check for other conditions which can cause similar symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure or approved treatment for ME/CFS, but you may be able to treat or manage some of your symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You, your family, and your provider should work together to decide on a plan. You should figure out which symptom causes you the most problems and try to treat that first. For example, if sleep problems affect you the most, you might first try using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;good sleep habits&lt;/a&gt;. If those do not help, you may need to take medicines or see a sleep specialist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Strategies such as learning new ways to manage activity can also be helpful. You need to make sure that you do not "push and crash." This can happen when you feel better, do too much, and then get worse again.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you have ME/CFS, it can be hard to help develop a treatment plan. It can also be difficult to  try to take care of yourself.  So it's important that you have support from family members and friends.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also various resources and strategies that might be helpful to you, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting counseling to help you cope with the illness and its impact on your life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating a healthy diet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nutritional supplements, if your provider suggests them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Complementary therapies&lt;/a&gt; such as meditation, gentle massage, or relaxation therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Make sure to talk to your provider before you try any new treatments. Some treatments that are promoted as cures for ME/CFS are unproven, often costly, and could be dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" id="1821" language="Spanish">Encefalomielitis miálgica/Síndrome de fatiga crónica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015673">Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html" id="5324">Fatigue</related-topic>
<see-reference>CFS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cfs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cfs.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chronic-fatigue-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/chronic-fatigue-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fatigue+Syndrome,+Chronic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing ME/CFS" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/diagnosis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/sintomas-diagnostico/diagnostico.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with ME/CFS" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/living-with/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/vivir/index.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manage Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/management/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/tratamiento/index.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ME/CFS Causes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/causes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/acerca-de/causas.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ME/CFS in Children: Information for Families" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/children/information-for-families.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/ninos/hoja-informativa-para-padres-tutores.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001244.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) in Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/children/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/ninos/tratamiento-en-ninos.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Gulf War Veterans" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/gulfwar/chronic-fatigue-syndrome.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ME/CFS Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/acerca-de/que-es-emsfc.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fatigue+Syndrome%2C+Chronic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/es/sintomas-diagnostico/sintomas.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that weakens the muscles under your control.  Find out about MG causes, symptoms, and treatment." title="Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html" id="336" language="English" date-created="06/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is myasthenia gravis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Myasthenia gravis, sometimes called MG, is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes weakness in your voluntary muscles. The voluntary muscles are the ones that you can control. They include the muscles you use for:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eye and eyelid movement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Facial expressions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chewing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Moving your arms and legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;You can also have weakness in other muscles. This weakness gets worse with activity, and better with rest.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Myasthenia gravis is a type of autoimmune disease. In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;, your immune system attacks the healthy cells of your organs and tissues by mistake.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes myasthenia gravis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Myasthenia gravis is caused by an error in how nerve signals are sent to muscles. These signals get blocked at the nerve-muscle junction. This junction is the place where the nerve endings connect with the muscles they control.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normally, this is how the signals work:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The signals travel down a nerve that controls movement in the muscle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The nerve endings release a substance called acetylcholine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Acetylcholine binds to the muscle tissue at the nerve-muscle junction&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;This causes the muscle to contract (move)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But in someone with myasthenia gravis, the body's own immune system makes antibodies that block the binding of acetylcholine to the muscle. This makes the muscles weaker.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The thymus gland, which is part of your immune system, may play a role in myasthenia gravis. Normally, your thymus gland is active and growing when you are a child. It makes white blood cells to fight infections. At puberty, it starts getting smaller and is replaced by fat. It is usually small by the time you are an adult. But in many adults with myasthenia gravis, the thymus gland stays large. And some people with myasthenia gravis can get thymomas, which are tumors of the thymus. The are usually &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;benign&lt;/a&gt; (not cancer), but they can sometimes become &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thymuscancer.html"&gt;cancerous&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop myasthenia gravis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although myasthenia gravis can affect people of any age, it is most common in young adult women (under age 40) and older men (over age 60). It is usually not inherited (passed down in families).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Myasthenia gravis normally does not affect infants. But it's possible for pregnant people who have myasthenia gravis to pass the antibodies to their unborn babies. The baby can then be born with neonatal myasthenia. This condition is usually temporary, and the symptoms typically go away within two to three months after birth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of myasthenia gravis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of myasthenia gravis will depend on which muscles are affected. The symptoms often include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html"&gt;eye muscles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drooping of one or both eyelids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurred or double vision&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Changes in facial expressions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Speech problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness in the arms, hands, fingers, legs, and neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Different people have different levels of muscle weakness. And the weakness can vary from day to day. Some days it might be mild, and other days it might be worse. Physical activity often makes the muscle weakness worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with myasthenia gravis can get severe weakness that  affects the muscles that control breathing. This is called a myasthenic crisis, and it is a life-threatening emergency.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many other conditions that can cause muscle weakness, so myasthenia gravis can be hard to diagnose. To find out if you have myasthenia gravis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history and symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, including a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/"&gt;neurological exam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myasthenia-gravis-tests/"&gt;tests for myasthenia gravis&lt;/a&gt;, including:
  &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/"&gt;Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for myasthenia gravis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but treatments that can improve muscle weakness and help with symptoms. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anticholinesterase medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; which can improve nerve-to-muscle messages and make muscles stronger.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Immunosuppressive medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; which are medicines that decrease your body's immune system responses. They can lower your body's production of abnormal antibodies.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Monoclonal antibodies,&lt;/strong&gt; which can also help decrease your body's immune system responses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) and intravenous immunoglobulin,&lt;/strong&gt; which are procedures to remove abnormal antibodies from your blood. They are usually used in severe cases. They can help with symptoms for a few weeks or months.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thymectomy,&lt;/strong&gt; surgery to remove the thymus gland. It can reduce the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, possibly by rebalancing the immune system.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lifestyle changes may be helpful for some people. The changes could include regular gentle exercise, getting enough rest, and eating healthy foods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with myasthenia gravis go into remission. This means that they do not have symptoms. The remission is usually temporary, but sometimes it can be permanent.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html" id="2045" language="Spanish">Miastenia grave</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009157">Myasthenia Gravis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="1518">Neuromuscular Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Acetylcholine receptor antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003576.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003576.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Myasthenia+Gravis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Myasthenia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/congenital-myasthenia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General MG Management" url="https://myasthenia.org/Living-With-MG/After-Your-Diagnosis/General-MG-Management/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="MG and Related Disorders" url="https://myasthenia.org/Understanding-MG/MG-Related-Disorders/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia gravis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000712.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000712.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://askjan.org/disabilities/Myasthenia-Gravis.cfm?">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disability Employment Policy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/myasthenia-gravis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/myasthenia-gravis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myasthenia-gravis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myasthenia-gravis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352036?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myasthenia-gravis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352036?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/myasthenia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/myasthenia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis (MG): Medical Management" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/myasthenia-gravis/medical-management">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America" url="https://myasthenia.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myasthenia-gravis-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-miastenia-grave-mg/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia gravis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myasthenia-gravis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myasthenia+Gravis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tensilon test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003930.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Myasthenia Gravis?" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2019/11/MDA_MG_Fact_Sheet_Nov_2019.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2021/01/MDA_MG_Fact_Sheet__en-espanol.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mycobacteria are a type of germ. There are many different kinds. Read about the types of mycobacteria and the symptoms of infection. " title="Mycobacterial Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5360" language="English" date-created="01/11/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Mycobacteria are a type of germ. There are many different kinds. The most common one causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt;. Another one causes leprosy. Still others cause infections that are called atypical mycobacterial infections.  They aren't "typical" because they don't cause tuberculosis. But they can still harm people, especially people with other problems that affect their immunity, such as AIDS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can have these infections with no symptoms at all. At other times, they can cause lung symptoms similar to tuberculosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cough&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing up blood or mucus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever and chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of appetite and weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medicines can treat these infections, but often more than one is needed to cure the infection.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5361" language="Spanish">Infecciones por micobacterias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009164">Mycobacterium Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009165">Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007918">Leprosy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html" id="41">Tuberculosis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hansen's Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Leprosy</see-reference>
<site title="About Mycobacterium abscessus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nontuberculous-mycobacteria/about/mycobacterium-abscessus.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buruli Ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection)" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/buruli-ulcer-(mycobacterium-ulcerans-infection)" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/buruli-ulcer-(mycobacterium-ulcerans-infection)">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leprosy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leprosy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mycobacterium Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mycobacterium+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mycobacterium+Infections,+Atypical%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glossary of Tuberculosis Terms" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/glossary/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/glossary.htm">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Lung Disease" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/nontuberculous-mycobacteria/learn-about-nontuberculosis-mycobacteria">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leprosy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001347.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leprosy" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/leprosy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://es.familydoctor.org/familydoctor/es/diseases-conditions/leprosy.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/leprosy-hansens-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leprosy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leprosy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mycobacterial culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003740.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003740.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) Program" url="https://www.hrsa.gov/hansens-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM): Overview" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/ntm-nontuberculous-mycobacteria/ntm?modal=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mycobacterial Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mycobacterium+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Mycobacterium+Infections%2C+Atypical%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Leprosy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sputum stain for mycobacteria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003724.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Diagnosis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) Lung Disease" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/nontuberculous-mycobacteria/ntm-symptoms-causes-risks">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are rare. They are sometimes found during a routine blood test. Learn symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options. " title="Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html" id="5550" language="English" date-created="06/24/2010">
<also-called>MDS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;bone marrow&lt;/a&gt; is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells, called stem cells. The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body, the white blood cells that fight infections, and the platelets that help with blood clotting. If you have a myelodysplastic syndrome, the stem cells do not mature into healthy blood cells. Many of them die in the bone marrow.  This means that you do not have enough healthy cells, which can lead to infection, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, or easy bleeding.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Myelodysplastic syndromes often do not cause early symptoms and are sometimes found during a routine blood test.  If you have symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or feeling tired&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin that is paler than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Easy bruising or bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pinpoint spots under the skin caused by bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever or frequent infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Myelodysplastic syndromes are rare. People at higher risk are over 60, have had chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or have been exposed to certain chemicals.  Treatment options include transfusions, drug therapy, chemotherapy, and blood or bone marrow stem cell transplants.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html" id="5551" language="Spanish">Síndromes mielodisplásicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009190">Myelodysplastic Syndromes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="171">Bone Marrow Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>MDS</see-reference>
<site title="5q minus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/5q-minus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/blood-diseases/aplastic-anemia-myelodysplastic-syndromes/all-content">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone-marrow transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Myelodysplastic Syndromes Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Myelodysplastic+Syndromes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Do We Know What Causes Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myelomonocytic-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Approach to Treatment of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myelomonocytic-leukemia/treating/general-approach.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mielodisplasicos-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Diagnosed?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myelomonocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_294" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_39">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myelodysplastic syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007716.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelodysplastic Syndrome Prognostic Scores" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myelodysplastic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20366977?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant/diseases-treated-by-transplant/myelodysplastic-syndromes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_307" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_159">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myelodysplastic+Syndromes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Statistics about Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq#_92" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mielodisplasicos-pdq#section/_94">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Myelodysplastic Syndromes)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq#_49" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mielodisplasicos-pdq#_51">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_156" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_72">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of Myelodysplastic Syndromes" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/mds-types.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/tipos-de-sindromes-mielodisplasicos.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Myelodysplastic Syndromes?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/what-is-mds.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/que-es-sindrome-mielodisplasico.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Myelodysplastic Syndromes?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myelomonocytic-leukemia/about/what-is-chronic-myelomonocytic.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Myositis means inflammation of the muscles. Two specific types are polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Read about myositis symptoms and management." title="Myositis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html" id="1617" language="English" date-created="04/23/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Myositis means inflammation of the muscles that you use to move your body. An injury, infection, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disease&lt;/a&gt; can cause it. Two specific kinds are polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis causes muscle weakness, usually in the muscles closest to the trunk of your body. Dermatomyositis causes muscle weakness, plus a skin rash.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other symptoms of myositis may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue after walking or standing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tripping or falling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble swallowing or breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors may use a physical exam, lab tests, imaging tests and a muscle biopsy to diagnose myositis. There is no cure for these diseases, but you can treat the symptoms. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are first treated with high doses of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroid&lt;/a&gt;. Other options include medications, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, assistive devices, and rest.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html" id="2248" language="Spanish">Miositis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009220">Myositis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dermatomyositis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Polymyositis</see-reference>
<site title="ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dermatomyositis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dermatomyositis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Myositis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Myositis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Polymyositis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Polymyositis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collagen vascular disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Creatine phosphokinase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003503.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomyositis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000839.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000839.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomyositis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dermatomyositis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomyositis (DM)" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Dermatomyositis?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomyositis (Juvenile)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/dermatomyositis-juvenile" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/dermatomiositis-juvenil">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomyositis: Diagnosis" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomyositis: Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis/signs-and-symptoms">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatomysitis: Medical Management" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis/medical-management">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inclusion Body Myositis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/inclusion-body-myositis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inclusion-Body Myositis: Diagnosis" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/inclusion-body-myositis/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Myopathies" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/inflammatory-myopathies">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile Dermatomyositis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jdm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jdm.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic Myopathies" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/metabolic-myopathies" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/miopatias-metabolicas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myoglobin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003663.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myoglobin urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003664.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polymyositis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polymyositis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/polymyositis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353208?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymyositis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/polymyositis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polymyositis (PM): Medical Management" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/medical-management">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymyositis - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymyositis: Diagnosis" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myositis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Myositis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The health of your fingernails and toenails can be a clue to your overall health. Read about diseases that can affect your nails and about nail care." title="Nail Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html" id="532" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your toenails and fingernails protect the tissues of your toes and fingers. They are made up of layers of a hardened protein called keratin, which is also in your hair and skin. The health of your nails can be a clue to your overall health. Healthy nails are usually smooth and consistent in color. Specific types of nail discoloration and changes in growth rate can be signs of lung, heart, kidney, and liver diseases, as well as diabetes and anemia. White spots and vertical ridges are harmless.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nail problems that sometimes require treatment include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacterial and fungal infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ingrown nails&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tumors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Warts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Keeping your nails clean, dry, and trimmed can help you avoid some problems. Do not remove the cuticle, which can cause infection.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html" id="2046" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de las uñas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009260">Nail Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Fingernails</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ingrown Nail</see-reference>
<see-reference>Onychomycosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paronychia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Toenails</see-reference>
<site title="Aging changes in hair and nails" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004005.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anonychia congenita: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/anonychia-congenita">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Artificial Nails: Dermatologists' Tips for Reducing Nail Damage" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/nail-care-secrets/basics/pedicures/reduce-artificial-nail-damage?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beau's Lines" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/beaus-lines?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brittle Splitting Nails (Onychoschizia)" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/BrittleSplittingNail?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nail Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nail+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Onychomycosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Onychomycosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Paronychia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Paronychia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dos and Don'ts for a Fabulous Pedicure" url="https://www.apma.org/files/FileDownloads/myFEETPedicure.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fingernails: Do's and Don'ts for Healthy Nails" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/nails/art-20044954?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/nails/art-20044954?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal nail infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001330.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Funky Fingertips? What Nails Say about Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/08/funky-fingertips" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/algo-raro-en-los-dedos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Green Nail Syndrome" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/GreenNailSyndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Habits: Nail Hygiene" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/about/nail-hygiene.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stop Biting Your Nails" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/nail-care-secrets/basics/stop-biting-nails?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ingrown toenail" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001237.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingrown toenail removal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000946.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000946.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingrown Toenails" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ingrown-toenails/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/unas-de-los-pies-encarnadas-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manicure and Pedicure Safety" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/nail-care-secrets/basics/pedicures/manicure-pedicure-safety?NoAds">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail abnormalities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003247.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail Fungus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000800.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000800.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail Problems (Toenails)" url="https://www.apma.org/files/ProductPDFs/Nail_Problems.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nail Ridges: Cause for Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/nails/faq-20058541?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/nails/faq-20058541?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail-patella syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nail-patella-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder 10: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nonsyndromic-congenital-nail-disorder-10">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Onycholysis" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Onycholysis?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Onycholysis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/onycholysis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Onychomycosis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/onychomycosis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Onychoschizia" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/onychoschizia?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paronychia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001444.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paronychia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/paronychia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/paroniquia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paronychia" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/paronychia?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paronychia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/paronychia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/paronychia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nail Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nail+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quiz: Nails" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nailsquiz.html">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splinter hemorrhages" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003283.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subungual Hematoma" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/SubungualHematoma?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thick Toenails" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/thick-toenails" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/thick-toenails?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Healthy Nails" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/nail-care-secrets/basics/healthy-nail-tips?NoAds">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips To Care for an Injured Nail" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/nail-care-secrets/basics/injured-nail?NoAds">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toenail Fungus (Onychomycosis)" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=1523">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="White Toenails" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/white-toenails" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/white-toenails?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Nails" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/your-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nails-nosw.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare, but you are at a greater risk if you are a smoker. Learn other factors increase your risk." title="Nasal Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html" id="2720" language="English" date-created="08/19/2002">
<also-called>Cancer of the nasal cavity</also-called>
<also-called>Cancer of the paranasal sinus</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your paranasal sinuses are small hollow spaces around the nose. They are lined with cells that make mucus, which keeps your nose from drying out. The nasal cavity is the passageway just behind your nose. Air passes through it on the way to your throat as you breathe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare.  You are at greater risk if you are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Male and over 40 years old&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposed to certain workplace chemicals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infected with HPV&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A smoker&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There may be no symptoms at first, and later symptoms can be like those of infections. Doctors diagnose nasal cancer with imaging tests, lighted tube-like instruments that look inside the nose, and biopsies. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html" id="2721" language="Spanish">Cáncer nasal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009669">Nose Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1400">Nose Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Paranasal Sinus Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sinus Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Rhinologic Society" url="https://www.american-rhinologic.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Rhinologic Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nose Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nose+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Paranasal+Sinus+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esthesioneuroblastoma" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2197/esthesioneuroblastoma/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/paranasal-sinus-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-seno-paranasal-pdq?redirect=true#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Nasal Cavity or Paranasal Sinus Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Complications of Chemotherapy and Head/Neck Radiation" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nose+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancers?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasal-cavity-and-paranasal-sinus-cancer/about/what-is-nasal-paranasal.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. On this page, you'll find links to issues that affect Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders." title="Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nativehawaiianandpacificislanderhealth.html" id="6250" language="English" date-created="05/12/2015">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result from:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Environmental factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Access to care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cultural factors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D044468">Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006254">Hawaii</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000208">ethnology</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimhd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asianamericanhealth.html" id="150">Asian American Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pacific Islander Health</see-reference>
<site title="Asian &amp; Pacific Islander American Health Forum" url="https://www.apiahf.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Asian &amp; Pacific Islander American Health Forum</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asthma and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/asthma-and-native-hawaiianspacific-islanders">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/cancer-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Liver Disease and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/chronic-liver-disease-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Liver Disease and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/chronic-liver-disease-and-native-hawaiianpacific-islander">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=(%22Native+Hawaiian%22+OR+%22Pacific+Islander%22)+NOT+%22Hawaiian+Gardens%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/diabetes-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/diabetes-and-native-hawaiianspacific-islanders">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Health of Asian Non-Hispanic Population" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/asian-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health and Health Care for Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) in the United States" url="https://www.kff.org/infographic/health-and-health-care-for-asian-americans-native-hawaiians-and-other-pacific-islanders-nhopis-in-the-united-states/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/heart-disease-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunizations and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/immunizations-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality and Asian Americans" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/infant-mortality-and-asian-americans">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/infant-mortality-and-native-hawaiianspacific-islanders">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know HBV: What Every Asian and Pacific Islander Should Know About Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer" url="https://med.stanford.edu/content/dam/sm/liver/documents/resources/brochures/KnowHBV-English-2018.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Asian Liver Center at Stanford University</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities" url="https://www.nimhd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Health" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/native-hawaiian-and-pacific-islander-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/obesity-and-native-hawaiianspacific-islanders">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hawaii%2Fethnology%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Native+Hawaiian+or+Other+Pacific+Islander%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stroke and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/stroke-and-native-hawaiianspacific-islanders">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You call it barfing, puking, or throwing up; your doctor calls it vomiting. Read more about nausea and vomiting and the conditions that cause them." title="Nausea and Vomiting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="489" language="English" date-created="10/20/1999">
<also-called>Emesis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are nausea and vomiting?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nausea is when you feel sick to your stomach, as if you are going to throw up. Vomiting is when you throw up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes nausea and vomiting?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of many different conditions, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Morning sickness during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;Gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt; (infection of your intestines) and other infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html"&gt;Migraines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html"&gt;Motion sickness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;Food poisoning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, including those for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;cancer chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; (reflux) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;ulcers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intestinal obstruction&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When do I need to see a health care provider for nausea and vomiting?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nausea and vomiting are common. They are usually not serious. However, you should contact your health care provider immediately if you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A reason to think that your vomiting is from poisoning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomited for longer than 24 hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood in the vomit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe headache and stiff neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Signs of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;, such as dry mouth, infrequent urination or dark urine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is the cause of nausea and vomiting diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider will take your medical history, ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. The provider will look for signs of dehydration. You may have some tests, including blood and urine tests. Women may also have a pregnancy test.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for nausea and vomiting?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for nausea and vomiting depend on the cause. You may get treatment for the underlying problem. There are some medicines that can treatment nausea and vomiting. For severe cases of vomiting, you may need extra fluids through an IV (intravenous).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are things that you can do to feel better:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get enough fluids, to avoid dehydration. If you are having trouble keeping liquids down, drink small amounts of clear liquids often.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat bland foods; stay away from spicy, fatty, or salty foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat smaller meals more often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid strong smells, since they can sometimes trigger nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you are pregnant and have morning sickness, eat crackers before you get out of bed in the morning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="2048" language="Spanish">Náusea y vómitos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014839">Vomiting</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009325">Nausea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html" id="29">Digestive Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vomiting</see-reference>
<site title="Antiemetic Medicines: OTC Relief for Nausea and Vomiting" url="https://familydoctor.org/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-antiemeticos-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bland diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="BRAT Diet: Recovering from an Upset Stomach" url="https://familydoctor.org/brat-diet-recovering-from-an-upset-stomach/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dieta-brat-recuperacion-despues-de-un-malestar-estomacal/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clear liquid diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nausea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nausea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vomiting" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vomiting%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-vomitos-ciclicos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cyclic vomiting syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dehydration" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dehydration (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drinks to Prevent Dehydration When Your Child is Vomiting" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Drinks-to-Prevent-Dehydration-in-a-Vomiting-Child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/drinks-to-prevent-dehydration-in-a-vomiting-child.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ginger" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginger">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indigestion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/indigestion/symptoms-causes/syc-20352211?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/indigestion/symptoms-causes/syc-20352211?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Vomiting" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Infant-Vomiting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/infant-vomiting.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nausea/basics/definition/SYM-20050736?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/nausea/basics/definition/SYM-20050736?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-and-vomiting/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting" url="https://gi.org/topics/nausea-and-vomiting/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/nausea-y-vomito/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and vomiting - adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003117.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nausea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Vomiting%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vomiting (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vomit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vomit.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vomiting blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003118.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vomiting Blood" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/SYM-20050732?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/sym-20050732?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Puke? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/puke.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/puke.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When you have nausea and vomiting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Neck pain is very common and can happen for many reasons, such as overuse, muscle strain, or whiplash. Learn how to relieve neck pain." title="Neck Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="339" language="English" date-created="08/04/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Any part of your neck - muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, or nerves - can cause neck problems. Neck pain is very common. Pain may also come from your shoulder, jaw, head, or upper arms. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muscle strain or tension often causes neck pain. The problem is usually overuse, such as from sitting at a computer for too long.  Sometimes you can strain your neck muscles from sleeping in an awkward position or overdoing it during exercise. Falls or accidents, including car accidents, are another common cause of neck pain.  Whiplash, a soft tissue injury to the neck, is also called neck sprain or strain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the cause, but may include applying ice, taking pain relievers, getting physical therapy or wearing a cervical collar. You rarely need surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2049" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del cuello</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019547">Neck Pain</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019838">Neck Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002574">Cervical Vertebrae</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html" id="330">Head and Neck Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1505">Spine Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cervical Spine</see-reference>
<see-reference>Whiplash</see-reference>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
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<site title="Cervical spine CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007351.htm">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Cervical Spondylosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-spondylosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370787?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Spondylosis (Arthritis of the Neck)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/cervical-spondylosis-arthritis-of-the-neck/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cervical-spondylotic-myelopathy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/mielopatia-cervical-espondilotica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Stenosis, Myelopathy and Radiculopathy" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Degenerative-Conditions/Cervical-Stenosis-Myelopathy-and-Radiculopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cervical Vertebrae Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cervical+Vertebrae%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neck Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neck+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neck Pain" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neck+Pain%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Whiplash Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Whiplash+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epidural Steroid Injections" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Injection-Treatments-for-Spinal-Pain/Epidural-Steroid-Injections">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halo-Gravity Traction" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
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<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herniated Cervical Disc" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Degenerative-Conditions/Herniated-Cervical-Disc">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hump on upper back (dorsocervical fat pad)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003112.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Klippel-Feil Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/klippel-feil-syndrome">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Klippel-Feil syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/klippel-feil-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neck lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003098.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck Pain" url="https://rheumatology.org/neck-pain" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/dolor-de-cuello">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003025.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003025.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Neck Pain" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/neck-pain/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-del-cuello/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20375581?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck pain or spasms - self care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000802.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck Swelling (Symptom Checker)" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/neck-swelling/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/hinchazon-del-cuello/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003805.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003805.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neck Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cervical+Vertebrae%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Neck+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Neck+Pain%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiofrequency Neurotomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/radiofrequency-neurotomy/about/pac-20394931?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Repetitive Motion Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/repetitive-motion-disorders">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Spinal fusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm">
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<site title="Stiff Neck" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stiff-neck-sheet.html">
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<site title="Whiplash and Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAS)" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Injuries/Whiplash-and-Whiplash-Associated-Disorder">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La neumonía es una infección en uno o ambos pulmones. Muchos gérmenes como bacterias, virus u hongos pueden causarla. Síntomas, tratamientos. " title="Neumonía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html" id="2094" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Pulmonía</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La neumonía es una infección en uno o ambos pulmones. Causa que los alvéolos pulmonares se llenen de líquido o pus. Puede variar de leve a grave, dependiendo de la causa de la infección, su edad y su estado general de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterianas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fúngicas &lt;/a&gt; pueden causar neumonía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las bacterias son la causa más común. La neumonía bacteriana puede ocurrir por sí sola. También puede desarrollarse después de haber tenido ciertas infecciones virales, como resfríos o gripe. Varios tipos diferentes de bacterias pueden causar neumonía, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html"&gt;Streotococcus pneumoniae&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Legionella pneumophila: Este tipo de neumonía a menudo se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/legionnairesdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad del legionario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Chlamydia pneumoniae&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/haemophilusinfections.html" tid="5969"&gt;Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (hib)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Los virus que infectan las vías respiratorias pueden causar neumonía. A menudo, la neumonía viral es leve y desaparece por sí sola en pocas semanas. Pero en ocasiones es lo suficientemente grave como para necesitar tratamiento en un hospital. Si tiene neumonía viral, corre el riesgo de contraer también neumonía bacteriana. Los diferentes virus que pueden causar neumonía incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html"&gt;Virus respiratorio sincitial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos virus del resfrío común y la gripe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SARS-CoV-2, el virus que causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La neumonía fúngica es más común en personas con problemas de salud crónicos o sistemas inmunitarios debilitados. Algunos de los tipos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html"&gt;Neumonía por Pneumocystis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html"&gt;Fiebre del valle&lt;/a&gt; (coccidioidomicosis)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html"&gt;Histoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Neumonía criptocócica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La aspiración también puede causar neumonía. Puede ocurrir cuando aspira (inhala accidentalmente) alimentos o líquidos hacia los pulmones. Si no puede expulsar la comida o el líquido, puede causar una infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener neumonía, pero ciertos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su edad: El riesgo es mayor para los niños menores de 2 años y los adultos mayores de 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exposición a ciertos químicos, contaminantes o humos tóxicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estilo de vida: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;consumo excesivo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html"&gt;desnutrición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Estar en un hospital, especialmente si está en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/criticalcare.html"&gt;UCI&lt;/a&gt;. Estar sedado y / o conectado a un ventilador aumenta aún más el riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tener un sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tener problemas para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;toser&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;tragar&lt;/a&gt;, por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt; u otra afección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haberse enfermado recientemente con un resfriado o gripe&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Otras afecciones de salud crónicas (de larga duración), como diabetes, insuficiencia cardíaca, anemia falciforme, enfermedad hepática y renal&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la neumonía pueden variar de leves a graves e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tos, generalmente con flema ((un tipo de mucosidad espesa que se produce en los pulmones)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor en el pecho&lt;/a&gt; cuando respira o tose&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas y / o vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden variar para diferentes grupos. Los recién nacidos y los bebés pueden no mostrar ningún signo de infección. Otros pueden vomitar y tener fiebre y tos. Pueden parecer enfermos, sin energía o estar inquietos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los adultos mayores y las personas con enfermedades graves o sistemas inmunitarios débiles pueden tener síntomas menores y más leves. Incluso pueden tener una temperatura inferior a la normal. En ocasiones, los adultos mayores que tienen neumonía  pueden sentirse débiles o confundidos súbitamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, la neumonía puede causar complicaciones graves, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bacteriemia: Ocurre cuando las bacterias entran al torrente sanguíneo. Es grave y puede provocar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html"&gt;shock séptico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html"&gt;Abscesos&lt;/a&gt; pulmonares: Acumulaciones de pus en las cavidades de los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos pleurales&lt;/a&gt;: Afecciones que afectan la pleura, el tejido que cubre el exterior de los pulmones y recubre el interior de la cavidad torácica&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia respiratoria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
	

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, la neumonía puede ser difícil de diagnosticar porque puede causar algunos de los mismos síntomas que un resfriado o gripe. Puede llevarle tiempo darse cuenta de que tiene una afección más grave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene neumonía, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico, que incluye escuchar sus pulmones con un estetoscopio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Puede solicitar varias pruebas, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografía &lt;/a&gt; de tórax&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exámenes de sangre como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/"&gt;conteo sanguíneo completo&lt;/a&gt; para ver si su sistema inmunitario está combatiendo activamente una infección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/"&gt;hemocultivo&lt;/a&gt; para determinar si tiene una infección bacteriana que se ha diseminado al torrente sanguíneo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si está en el hospital, tiene síntomas graves, es adulto mayor o tiene otros problemas de salud, también es posible que le hagan más pruebas, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prueba de esputo: Busca bacterias en una muestra de su esputo (saliva) o flema (mucosidad que se expulsa de los pulmones al toser)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;Tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; del tórax para ver cuánto de sus pulmones están afectados. También puede mostrar si tiene complicaciones como abscesos pulmonares o derrames pleurales (acumulación de líquido en el espacio pleural)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-pleural/"&gt;Cultivo de líquido pleural&lt;/a&gt;: Busca bacterias en una muestra de líquido que se tomó del espacio pleural&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Oximetría de pulso o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-oxigeno-en-la-sangre/"&gt;prueba de nivel de oxígeno en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;: Busca verificar cuánto oxígeno hay en su sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Broncoscopia: Procedimiento que se utiliza para observar el interior de las vías respiratorias de los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la neumonía depende del tipo de neumonía, qué germen la causa y qué tan grave es:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; tratan la neumonía bacteriana y algunos tipos de neumonía por neumococo. No funcionan para la neumonía viral&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos antivirales para la neumonía viral&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los medicamentos antimicóticos tratan otros tipos de neumonía fúngica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Es posible que deba ser tratado en un hospital si sus síntomas son graves o si está en riesgo de complicaciones. Mientras esté allí, puede recibir tratamientos adicionales. Por ejemplo, puede recibir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxigenoterapia &lt;/a&gt; si su nivel de oxígeno en la sangre es bajo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede tomar tiempo recuperarse de la neumonía. Algunas personas se sienten mejor en una semana. Para otras puede tomar un mes o más.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la neumonía?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas pueden ayudar a prevenir la neumonía por neumococo o el virus de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos frecuentemente&lt;/a&gt;, no fumar y tener un estilo de vida saludable también puede ayudar a prevenirla.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5715">Infecciones por neumococo</related-topic>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener una lectura precisa con oxímetros de pulso" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters">
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<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Derrame pleural paraneumónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000139.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de anticuerpo fluorescente directo en esputo (AFD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003553.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por chlamydia pneumoniae" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/chlamydia-pneumoniae-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Chlamydia-pneumoniae-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por mycoplasma pneumoniae" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/pneumonia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/pneumonia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204?p=1">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="Neumonía (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pneumonia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pneumonia.html">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía adquirida en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000146.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Neumonía atípica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000079.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía atípica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/walking-pneumonia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía con sistema inmunitario debilitado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000093.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Neumonía en adultos, adquirida en la comunidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000145.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Neumonía en niños adquirida en la comunidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007690.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Neumonía por citomegalovirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000664.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Neumonía por micoplasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000082.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Neumonía viral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000073.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención y control de la neumonía" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/es/prevention/prevencion-y-control-de-la-neumonia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
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<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
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<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la neumonía?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/neumonia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pneumonia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy. Learn how to prevent them." title="Neural Tube Defects" url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html" id="340" language="English" date-created="10/18/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Neural tube defects are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt; of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. The two most common neural tube defects are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html"&gt;spina bifida&lt;/a&gt; and anencephaly. In spina bifida, the fetal spinal column doesn't close completely. There is usually nerve damage that causes at least some paralysis of the legs. In anencephaly, most of the brain and skull do not develop. Babies with anencephaly are usually either stillborn or die shortly after birth. Another type of defect, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html"&gt;Chiari malformation&lt;/a&gt;, causes the brain tissue to extend into the spinal canal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The exact causes of neural tube defects aren't known. You're at greater risk of having an infant with a neural tube defect if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have obesity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have poorly controlled diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take certain antiseizure medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Getting enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;folic acid&lt;/a&gt;, a type of B vitamin, before and during pregnancy prevents most neural tube defects.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Neural tube defects are usually diagnosed before the infant is born, through lab or imaging tests. There is no cure for neural tube defects. The nerve damage and loss of function that are present at birth are usually permanent. However, a variety of treatments can sometimes prevent further damage and help with complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html" id="2050" language="Spanish">Defectos del tubo neural</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009436">Neural Tube Defects</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html" id="3022">Brain Malformations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html" id="6164">Chiari Malformation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html" id="607">Hydrocephalus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html" id="1319">Spina Bifida</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anencephaly</see-reference>
<site title="About Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha fetoprotein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anencephaly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001580.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anencephaly" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/anencephaly.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/anencefalia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anencephaly: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/anencephaly">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are There Disorders or Conditions Associated with Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/disorders" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/asociadas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Birth Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/birth-disorders-brain-and-spinal-cord">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anencephaly" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anencephaly%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arnold-Chiari Malformation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arnold-Chiari+Malformation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neural Tube Defects" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neural+Tube+Defects%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encephalocele" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/encephalocele.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Genetic Counselor" url="https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Society of Genetic Counselors</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folic Acid: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/diagnostican">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Many People Are at Risk for Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/risk" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydranencephaly" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hydranencephaly">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neural Tube Defects" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/neural-tube-defects">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neural Tube Defects" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neural+Tube+Defects%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spina bifida: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spina-bifida">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tethered-spinal-cord-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/ntds/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La neuralgia del trigémino causa dolor, ardor repentino o sensación de shock extremo en un lado de la cara. Causas, síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Neuralgia del trigémino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2730" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2003">
<also-called>Tic doloroso</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La neuralgia del trigémino es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt; crónico que afecta a la cara. Causa dolor, ardor repentino o sensación de shock extremo. Por lo general, afecta a un lado de la cara. Cualquier vibración en su rostro, incluso por hablar, puede provocarla. La afección puede aparecer y desaparecer por días o incluso meses. Pero cuanto más tiempo dure, menores son las posibilidades de que desaparezca.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La neuralgia del trigémino generalmente afecta a personas mayores de 50 años, especialmente a mujeres. La causa probable es un vaso sanguíneo que presiona el nervio trigémino, uno de los nervios más grandes en la cabeza. Los tumores y esclerosis múltiple también pueden provocarla, pero en algunos casos se desconoce la causa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticarla. Puede ser difícil de diagnosticar, ya que muchas otras afecciones pueden causar dolor facial. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y terapias complementarias.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2729" language="English">Trigeminal Neuralgia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta tras radiocirugía estereotáctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisturí de rayos gamma: Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia del nervio trigémino (tic doloroso)" url="https://headaches.org/neuralgia-del-nervio-trigemino-tic-doloroso/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/education/Headache_Topic_Sheets/Trigeminal_Neuralgia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia del trigémino" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-neuralgia-del-trigemino" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/trigeminal-neuralgia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia del trigémino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/neuralgia-del-trigemino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/trigeminal-neuralgia.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia del trigémino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000742.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia del trigémino" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuralgia-del-trigemino" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/trigeminal-neuralgia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia del trigémino: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/trigeminal-neuralgia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353347?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El neuroblastoma es un cáncer del tejido nervioso de la glándula suprarrenal, el cuello, el pecho o la médula espinal. Afecta a niños pequeños. Más aquí." title="Neuroblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html" id="2051" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El neuroblastoma es un tipo de cáncer que se forma en las células nerviosas llamadas neuroblastos. Los neuroblastos son tejido nervioso inmaduro. Normalmente, se convierten en células nerviosas, pero en el neuroblastoma forman un tumor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, el neuroblastoma comienza en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html"&gt;glándulas suprarrenales&lt;/a&gt;. Usted tiene dos glándulas suprarrenales, una encima de cada riñón. Estas producen hormonas importantes que ayudan a controlar la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, la &lt;a href="../spanish/bloodglucose.html" tid="6122"&gt;glucosa en la sangre (azúcar)&lt;/a&gt; y la forma en que el cuerpo reacciona al estrés. El neuroblastoma también puede comenzar en el cuello, el tórax o la médula espinal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El neuroblastoma es causado por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/"&gt;cambios en los genes&lt;/a&gt;. Estos cambios también se llaman mutaciones o variantes. En la mayoría de los casos, se desconoce la causa de la mutación. En algunos otros, la mutación se transmite de padres a hijos&lt;/p&gt;.

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El neuroblastoma a menudo comienza en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html"&gt;primera infancia&lt;/a&gt;. A veces comienza antes de nacer el niño. Los síntomas más comunes son causados por el tumor que presiona los tejidos cercanos a medida que crece o por la propagación del cáncer al hueso. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un bulto en el abdomen, cuello o pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ojos saltones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Círculos oscuros alrededor de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de huesos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estómago hinchado y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt; en los bebés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bultos azulados y sin dolor debajo de la piel en los bebés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html"&gt;parálisis&lt;/a&gt; (pérdida de la capacidad de mover una parte del cuerpo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar el neuroblastoma, el profesional de la salud realizará varias pruebas y procedimientos al niño, las que pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/"&gt;examen neurológico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; o una exploración MIBG. En una exploración MIBG, se inyecta una pequeña cantidad de una sustancia radioactiva en una vena, la que viaja a través del torrente sanguíneo y se adhiere a cualquier célula de neuroblastoma. Luego, un escáner detecta las células&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas de sangre y orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsia&lt;/a&gt;: Se extrae una muestra de tejido y se examina en el microscopio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aspiración y biopsia de médula ósea: Se extrae la médula ósea, la sangre y un pequeño pedazo de hueso para la prueba&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el neuroblastoma incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Observación: También llamada espera vigilante, es cuando el profesional de la salud no administra ningún tratamiento hasta que los signos o síntomas del niño aparecen o cambian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Altas dosis de quimioterapia y radioterapia con rescate de células madre: Su hijo recibirá altas dosis de quimioterapia y radiación, lo que elimina las células cancerosas, pero también las células sanas. Por lo tanto, su hijo recibirá un trasplante de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html"&gt;células madre&lt;/a&gt;, generalmente de sus propias células recolectadas antes del procedimiento. Esto ayuda a reemplazar las células sanas que se hayan perdido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia con yodo 131-MIBG: Tratamiento con yodo radioactivo. El yodo radioactivo se acumula en las células de neuroblastoma y las elimina con la radiación que se emite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


 
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuroblastoma.html" id="1240" language="English">Neuroblastoma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html" id="4356">Cáncer en niños</related-topic>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catecolaminas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003613.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de catecolaminas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003561.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del neuroblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neuroblastoma/paciente/deteccion-neuroblastoma-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/patient/neuroblastoma-screening-pdq#_19">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía con MIBG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003830.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglioneuroblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001436.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el neuroblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neuroblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-neuroblastoma-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/patient/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001408.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma" url="https://www.stjude.org/es/cuidado-tratamiento/enfermedades-que-tratamos/neuroblastoma.html?vgnextoid=4d21fa2454e70110VgnVCM1000001e0215acRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=544f75ecb5d3a010VgnVCM1000000e2015acRCRD">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de catecolaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-catecolaminas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/catecholamine-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TC (tomografía computarizada) pediátrica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pedia-ct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pedia-ct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del estesioneuroblastoma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-estesioneuroblastoma-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/esthesioneuroblastoma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del neuroblastoma con MIBG (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mibg.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mibg.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Neuroblastoma is a cancer in nerve tissue in the adrenal gland, neck, chest, or spinal cord. It often affects young children. Read about treatments." title="Neuroblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuroblastoma.html" id="1240" language="English" date-created="07/18/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that forms in nerve cells called neuroblasts. Neuroblasts are immature nerve tissue. They normally turn into working nerve cells. But in neuroblastoma, they form a tumor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Neuroblastoma usually begins in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html"&gt;adrenal glands&lt;/a&gt;. You have two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make important hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood glucose&lt;/a&gt; (blood sugar), and the way the body reacts to stress. Neuroblastoma may also begin in the neck, chest or spinal cord.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Neuroblastoma is caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/"&gt;changes in your genes&lt;/a&gt;. Gene changes also called gene variants or mutations. In most cases, the cause of the mutation is unknown. In some other cases, the mutation is passed from the parent to the child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Neuroblastoma often begins in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html"&gt;early childhood&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes it begins before a child is born.The most common symptoms are caused by the tumor pressing on nearby tissues as it grows or by cancer spreading to the bone.They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulging eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dark circles around the eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen stomach and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt; in babies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painless, bluish lumps under the skin in babies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html"&gt;paralysis&lt;/a&gt; (loss of ability to move a body part)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is neuroblastoma diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose neuroblastoma, your child's health care provider will do various tests and procedures, which may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam"&gt;neurological exam&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging test&lt;/a&gt;s, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt;, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;, or an MIBG scan. In an MIBG scan, a small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into a vein. It travels through the bloodstream and attaches itself to any neuroblastoma cells. A scanner detects the cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood and urine tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsy&lt;/a&gt;, in which a sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, in which bone marrow, blood, and a small piece of bone are removed for testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for neuroblastoma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for neuroblastoma include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Observation, also called watchful waiting, is where the health care provider does not give any treatments until your child's signs or symptoms appear or change.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy with stem cell rescue. Your child will get high doses of chemotherapy and radiation. This kills the cancer cells, but it also kills healthy cells. So your child will get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplant&lt;/a&gt;, usually of his or her own cells collected earlier. This helps to replace the healthy cells that were lost.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Iodine 131-MIBG therapy, a treatment with radioactive iodine. The radioactive iodine collects in neuroblastoma cells and kills them with the radiation that is given off.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html" id="2051" language="Spanish">Neuroblastoma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009447">Neuroblastoma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html" id="4355">Cancer in Children</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamine blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003561.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamine Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/catecholamine-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-catecolaminas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamines - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003613.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Esthesioneuroblastoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/esthesioneuroblastoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-estesioneuroblastoma-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neuroblastoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neuroblastoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Neuroblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/neuroblastoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ganglioneuroblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001436.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Neuroblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/neuroblastoma/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="MIBG scintiscan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003830.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MIBG Treatment for Neuroblastoma (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mibg.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mibg.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/neuroblastoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/neuroblastoma.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001408.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma in Children: Just Diagnosed" url="https://curesearch.org/Neuroblastoma-Just-Diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>CureSearch for Children's Cancer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/patient/neuroblastoma-screening-pdq#_19" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neuroblastoma/paciente/deteccion-neuroblastoma-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/patient/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/neuroblastoma/paciente/tratamiento-neuroblastoma-pdq">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neuroblastoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuroblastoma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neuroblastoma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+human%5Bmh%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Neuroblastoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/neuroblastoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Neuroblastoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/neuroblastoma/about/what-is-neuroblastoma.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to grow on nerves. Learn about the types, their symptoms, and how they are treated." title="Neurofibromatosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html" id="1387" language="English" date-created="11/16/2000">
<also-called>Recklinghausen's disease</also-called>
<also-called>von Recklinghausen's disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder of the nervous system. It mainly affects how nerve cells form and grow. It causes tumors to grow on nerves.  You can get neurofibromatosis from your parents, or it can happen because of a mutation (change) in your genes.  Once you have it, you can pass it along to your children. Usually the tumors are benign, but sometimes they can become cancerous.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of neurofibromatosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type 1 (NF1) causes skin changes and deformed bones. It usually starts in childhood.  Sometimes the symptoms are present at birth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Type 2 (NF2) causes hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and poor balance. Symptoms often start in the teen years.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Schwannomatosis causes intense pain. It is the rarest type.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose the different types based on the symptoms. Genetic testing is also used to diagnose NF1 and NF2. There is no cure. Treatment can help control symptoms. Depending on the type of disease and how serious it is, treatment may include surgery to remove tumors, radiation therapy, and medicines.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html" id="2052" language="Spanish">Neurofibromatosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017253">Neurofibromatoses</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>von Recklinghausen's Disease</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neurofibromatoses" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neurofibromatoses%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neurofibromatosis 1" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neurofibromatosis+1%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosed with NF2-Related Schwannomatosis" url="https://www.ctf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CTF-Diagnosed-with-NF2-Brochure-2024_v2.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Children's Tumor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about NF" url="https://www.ctf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CTF_QandA_Brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Children's Tumor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Neurofibromatosis" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Neurofibromatosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning with NF1" url="https://www.ctf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NF1-Learning-brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Children's Tumor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neurofibromatosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/neurofibromatosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000795.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis Specialists" url="https://www.ctf.org/find-a-doctor/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Children's Tumor Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nf.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nf.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-2">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis-1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000847.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic glioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001024.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurofibromatoses%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Schwannomatosis" url="https://www.ctf.org/swn/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Children's Tumor Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schwannomatosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schwannomatosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) and Neurofibromatosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vestibular-schwannoma-acoustic-neuroma-and-neurofibromatosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La neurofibromatosis es un trastorno genético que causa el crecimiento de tumores en los nervios. En general, los tumores son benignos. Tratamientos." title="Neurofibromatosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html" id="2052" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La neurofibromatosis es un trastorno genético del sistema nervioso. Afecta la manera en que las células crecen y se forman y provoca el crecimiento de tumores en los nervios. En general, los tumores son benignos (no cancerosos), pero a veces pueden convertirse en cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La neurofibromatosis se puede heredar de los padres o puede ocurrir por una mutación (cambio) en los genes. Si usted tiene esta afección, puede transmitirla a sus hijos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tipo 1 (NF1), que provoca cambios en la piel y deformidades en los huesos. Suele comenzar en la infancia. A veces, los síntomas están presentes al nacer.  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tipo 2 (NF2), que causa pérdida del oído, zumbidos en los oídos y problemas de equilibrio. Los síntomas suelen comenzar en la adolescencia.  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	La schwanomatosis provoca un dolor intenso. Es el tipo más raro. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los doctores pueden diagnosticar los diferentes tipos de esta afección basándose en los síntomas. Para diagnosticar NF1 y NF2 también se usan pruebas genéticas. No existe una cura. El tratamiento puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Dependiendo del tipo de enfermedad y de su gravedad, el tratamiento puede incluir cirugía para extirpar tumores, radioterapia y medicinas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html" id="1387" language="English">Neurofibromatosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Enfermedad de von Recklinghausen</see-reference>
<see-reference>Von Recklinghausen, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glioma óptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001024.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nf.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nf.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neurofibromatosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/neurofibromatosis-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis 1" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000847.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis 2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000795.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurofibromatosis tipo 1" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17015/la-neurofibromatosis-tipo-1/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your nervous system includes your brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Learn about neurologic diseases, including their symptoms, causes, and treatments." title="Neurologic Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html" id="341" language="English" date-created="01/05/2000">
<also-called>Nervous system diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The brain, spinal cord, and nerves make up the nervous system. Together they control all the workings of the body. When something goes wrong with a part of your nervous system, you can have trouble moving, speaking, swallowing, breathing, or learning.  You can also have problems with your memory, senses, or mood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are more than 600 neurologic diseases. Major types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Diseases caused by faulty genes, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;Huntington's disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;muscular dystrophy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Problems with the way the nervous system develops, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html"&gt;spina bifida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html"&gt;Degenerative diseases&lt;/a&gt;, where nerve cells are damaged or die, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease &lt;/a&gt;and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Diseases of the  blood vessels that supply the brain, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Injuries to the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;brain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Seizure disorders, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsy&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Cancer, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html"&gt;brain tumors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; infections, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html" id="2053" language="Spanish">Enfermedades neurológicas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009422">Nervous System Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neurologicdiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" id="7207">Acute Flaccid Myelitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4242">Autonomic Nervous System Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html" id="174">Brain Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="382">Complex Regional Pain Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html" id="244">Epilepsy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html" id="324">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="1518">Neuromuscular Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="85">Parkinson's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcorddiseases.html" id="410">Spinal Cord Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html" id="442">Tourette Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2729">Trigeminal Neuralgia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vonhippellindaudisease.html" id="4361">Von Hippel-Lindau Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nerve Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nervous System Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Flaccid Myelitis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alternating hemiplegia of childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alternating-hemiplegia-of-childhood">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arachnoid Cysts" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arachnoid-cysts" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/quistes-aracnoideos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain &amp; Life: The Magazine" url="https://www.brainandlife.org/the-magazine/" language-mapped-url="https://www.brainandlife.org/the-magazine/spanish/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nervous System Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nervous+System+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Decerebrate posture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003299.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003299.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decorticate posture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003300.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="EEG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroencephalogram (EEG) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eeg.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu and Children with Neurologic Conditions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/neurologic-pediatric.htm" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/neurologic-pediatric.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Focal neurological deficits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003191.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003191.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mingling Senses: Synesthesia Explained" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/05/mingling-senses" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentidos-mezclados">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nerve conduction velocity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003927.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurocutaneous Syndromes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/neurocutaneous.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurological Exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurosciences" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007456.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurotoxicity" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#neurotoxicity">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Numbness and tingling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003206.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opisthotonos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003195.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003195.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paresthesia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#paresthesia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/parestesia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudobulbar Affect" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudobulbar-affect/symptoms-causes/syc-20353737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pseudobulbar-affect/symptoms-causes/syc-20353737?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurologic Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nervous+System+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sjogren-larsson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 5A: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-5a">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emmi-lumbar-puncture.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lumbar-puncture.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trouble With Touch? Feeling Your World" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/trouble-touch" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiene-problemas-con-el-tacto">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Parts of the Nervous System?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/parts" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/neuro/informacion/partes">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Does the Nervous System Do?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/functions" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/neuro/informacion/funciones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Neurosurgeon?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Neurosurgeon.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-neurosurgeon.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un neuroma acústico es un tumor benigno que crece en un nervio que conecta el oído con el cerebro. Puede afectar el sistema auditivo y el equilibrio. " title="Neuroma acústico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acousticneuroma.html" id="2251" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Schwannoma vestibular</also-called>
<also-called>Tumor acústico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El neuroma acústico es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;tumor benigno&lt;/a&gt; (no canceroso) que se desarrolla en el nervio que conecta el oído con el cerebro. El tumor suele crecer lentamente. A medida que crece, ejerce presión contra los nervios auditivos y del equilibrio. Al comienzo, quizá no se presenten síntomas o estos sean leves. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida la audición de un lado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Zumbidos en los oídos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mareos y problemas de equilibrio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, el tumor también puede causar entumecimiento o parálisis en el rostro. Si crece demasiado, puede ejercer presión contra el cerebro y presentar un riesgo de muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El neuroma acústico puede ser difícil de diagnosticar, porque los síntomas son similares a los problemas del oído medio. Los exámenes de oído, las pruebas de audición y rastreos pueden detectar si lo tiene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el tumor permanece pequeño, es posible que solamente tenga que controlarlo periódicamente. Si necesita tratamiento, las opciones son la cirugía y radiación. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el tumor afecta ambos nervios auditivos, suele ser a consecuencia de un trastorno genético denominado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html"&gt;neurofibromatosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acousticneuroma.html" id="1624" language="English">Acoustic Neuroma</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta tras radiocirugía estereotáctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisturí de rayos gamma: Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurinoma del acústico: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acoustic-neuroma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356132?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurinoma del acústico: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acoustic-neuroma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356127?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuroma acústico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000778.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000778.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiocirugía estereotáctica con bisturí de rayos gamma (Gamma Knife)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007577.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiocirugía estereotáctica: CyberKnife" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007274.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesita una prueba de audición? Preguntas interactivas" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/necesita-una-prueba-de-audicion-preguntas-interactivas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/do-you-need-hearing-test">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Neuromuscular disorders affect the nerves that control your voluntary muscles. Many are genetic. Read about different disorders and treatments." title="Neuromuscular Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="1518" language="English" date-created="08/16/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Neuromuscular disorders affect your neuromuscular system. They can cause problems with:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The nerves that control your muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Communication between your nerves and muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These disorders can cause your muscles to become weak and waste away. You may also have symptoms such as spasms, twitching, and pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Examples of neuromuscular disorders include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;Muscular dystrophy&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html"&gt;Myasthenia gravis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html"&gt;Spinal muscular atrophy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There can be different causes for these diseases. Many of them are genetic.This means they are inherited (run in families) or are caused by a new mutation in your genes. Some neuromuscular disorders are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many neuromuscular diseases have no cure. But treatments may improve symptoms, increase mobility, and lengthen life.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="2054" language="Spanish">Enfermedades neuromusculares</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009468">Neuromuscular Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/neuromusculardisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="382">Complex Regional Pain Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html" id="83">Multiple Sclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html" id="335">Muscular Dystrophy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html" id="336">Myasthenia Gravis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html" id="341">Neurologic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="1694">Spinal Muscular Atrophy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Spasticity</see-reference>
<site title="Apraxia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#apraxia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/apraxia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Apraxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007472.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ataxia-with-vitamin-e-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Christianson syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/christianson-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Muscle Spasticity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Muscle+Spasticity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neuromuscular Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neuromuscular+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Myasthenia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/congenital-myasthenia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital myasthenic syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-myasthenic-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Myopathy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/congenital-myopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distal hereditary motor neuropathy, type II: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/distal-hereditary-motor-neuropathy-type-ii">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dressing with Ease, Style, and Comfort" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/fyi-dressing-ease-style-and-comfort">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercising with a Muscle Disease" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/MDA_Quest_Excercise_Package_2009.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Neuromuscular Disease" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/list">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetics and Neuromuscular Disease" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2021/07/Genetics-and-NMD.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_Genetics_Spanish_1.pdf">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hand or foot spasms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003194.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hereditary-spastic-paraplegia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypertonia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#hypertonia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/infantile-onset-ascending-hereditary-spastic-paralysis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Multiple pterygium syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-pterygium-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Myotonia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#myotonia">
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<site title="Myotonia Congenita" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myotonia-congenita">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Myotonia congenita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001424.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001424.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Nerve conduction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000089.htm">
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<site title="Opsoclonus Myoclonus" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/opsoclonus-myoclonus">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Piriformis Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/piriformis-syndrome">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Pregnancy and Childbirth with Neuromuscular Disease" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Quest17-3_Pregnancy_Series_revised_0.pdf">
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<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Preparing for Emergencies: A Checklist for People with Neuromuscular Diseases" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Emergencies_Checklist_P-527.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Emergency_Checklist_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Neuromuscular Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neuromuscular+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Schwartz-Jampel syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schwartz-jampel-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Silver syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/silver-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 11: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-11">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 15: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-15">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-2">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 31: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-31">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 49: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-49">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 4: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-4">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 5A: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-5a">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 7: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-7">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 8: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-8">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spasticity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003297.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Spasticity" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#spasticity">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stiff-Person Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/stiff-person-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyrotoxic Myopathy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/thyrotoxic-myopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Troyer Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/troyer-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Troyer syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/troyer-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Mitochondrial Disease" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2020/03/MDA_Mitochondrial_Disease_Fact_Sheet_March_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_MITO_Spanish.pdf">
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<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Your newborn infant has screening tests before leaving the hospital. Get the facts about these tests and what you should expect." title="Newborn Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" id="4041" language="English" date-created="12/09/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your newborn infant has screening tests before leaving the hospital. There may be different tests depending on the state where you live. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tests on a few drops of blood from pricking the baby's heel. The tests look for inherited disorders. All states test for at least 30 of these conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A hearing test that measures the baby's response to sound&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A skin test that measures the level of oxygen in the blood. This can tell if the baby has a congenital heart defect.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;These tests look for serious medical conditions. If not treated, some of these conditions can cause lifelong health problems. Others can cause early death. With early diagnosis, treatment can begin right away, before serious problems can occur or become permanent.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If a screening shows that your baby might have a condition, the health care provider or the state health department will call you. It is important to follow up quickly. Further testing can verify whether your baby has the condition. If so, treatment should start right away. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015997">Neonatal Screening</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/newbornscreening.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<see-reference>Screening, Newborn</see-reference>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa-lyase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-methylcrotonyl-coa-carboxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/3-methylglutaconyl-coa-hydratase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Adenosine deaminase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adenosine-deaminase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Alpha thalassemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-thalassemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Aminoaciduria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003366.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Apgar score" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003402.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Arginase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Argininosuccinic aciduria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/argininosuccinic-aciduria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Barth syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/barth-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Beta thalassemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beta-thalassemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Beta-ketothiolase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beta-ketothiolase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biotinidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/biotinidase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-i-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-ii-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carnitine-acylcarnitine-translocase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Citrullinemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/citrullinemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neonatal Screening" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Neonatal+Screening%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-due-to-11-beta-hydroxylase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital hypothyroidism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-hypothyroidism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Costeff syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/costeff-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Critical congenital heart disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/critical-congenital-heart-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystic fibrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cystic-fibrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dilated-cardiomyopathy-with-ataxia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ethylmalonic encephalopathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ethylmalonic-encephalopathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/galactosemia-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-galactosemia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/galactosemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GeneReviews Glossary" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK5191/">
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<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
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<site title="Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/medium-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency">
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<site title="National Human Genome Research Institute" url="https://www.genome.gov/">
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<site title="Neonatal cystic fibrosis screening test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003409.htm">
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<site title="Newborn Screening" url="https://www.cdc.gov/newborn-screening/">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Newborn screening tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007257.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007257.htm">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los niveles altos de colesterol pueden ponerlo en riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardíacas. Es importante hacerse pruebas de colesterol con regularidad y asegurarse de que sus niveles estén dentro de un rango saludable." title="Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782" language="Spanish" date-created="12/06/2017">
<also-called>Números de colesterol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;style type="text/css"&gt;
table th, table td {text-align: left; padding: 3px 15px}
&lt;/style&gt; 
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se miden sus niveles de colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/"&gt;prueba de sangre&lt;/a&gt; llamada panel de lipoproteínas o nivel lipídico puede medir sus niveles de colesterol. Antes de la prueba, necesitará &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ayunar-para-una-prueba-de-sangre/"&gt;ayunar&lt;/a&gt; (no comer ni beber nada excepto agua) por nueve a 12 horas. La prueba brinda información sobre su:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Colesterol total:&lt;/strong&gt; Cantidad total de colesterol en la sangre. Incluye ambos tipos: El colesterol de lipoproteína de baja densidad (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;, por su sigla en inglés) y el colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidad (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;, por su sigla en inglés)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Colesterol LDL:&lt;/strong&gt; A menudo se denomina colesterol "malo" porque es la principal fuente de acumulación y obstrucción del colesterol en las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Colesterol bueno (HDL):&lt;/strong&gt; A menudo se conoce como colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de sus arterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No-HDL:&lt;/strong&gt; Este número es su colesterol total menos su colesterol bueno (HDL). Su colesterol no-HDL incluye el colesterol malo (LDL) y otros tipos de colesterol, como la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;Triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Otro tipo de grasa en su sangre que puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca (del corazón), especialmente en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;mujeres&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué significan sus niveles de colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niveles de colesterol se miden en miligramos por decilitro (mg / dL). Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cuáles deben ser sus niveles de colesterol. Las cifras recomendadas para usted pueden depender de su edad, raza, presión arterial, peso, antecedentes familiares y más. Sin embargo, a continuación, encontrará pautas generales que muestran los niveles deseables (niveles que son saludables para la mayoría de las personas):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Personas de 19 años o menores:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Tipo de colesterol &lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Nivel saludable&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Colesterol total&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 170 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 120 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 110 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Más de 45 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hombres de 20 años o mayores&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for men age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Tipo de colesterol&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Nivel saludable&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Colesterol total&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 200 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 130 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 100 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Lo mejor es mayor o igual a 60 mg/dL.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Niveles inferiores a 40 mg/dL se consideran bajos.&lt;/td&gt;  
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mujeres de 20 años o mayores:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for women age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Tipo de colesterol&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Nivel saludable&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Colesterol total&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 200 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;No-HDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 130 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;LDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 100 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;HDL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Lo mejor es mayor o igual a 60 mg/dL.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Niveles inferiores a 50 mg/dL se consideran bajos.&lt;/td&gt; 
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los triglicéridos no son un tipo de colesterol, pero también se miden en esta prueba. Un nivel normal de triglicéridos es menor a 150 mg / dL. Es posible que necesite tratamiento si tiene niveles de triglicéridos que están en el límite alto (150-199 mg / dL) o alto (200 mg / dL o más).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tan seguido debo someterme a una prueba de colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para personas de 19 años o menores:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para personas de 20 años a 65 años:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para personas mayores de 65 años:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deben hacerse la prueba todos los años&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué afecta los niveles de colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Varios factores pueden afectar sus niveles de colesterol. Algunos de ellos son cosas que usted puede cambiar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieta:&lt;/strong&gt; La grasa saturada y el colesterol en los alimentos que consume aumentan el nivel de colesterol en la sangre. La grasa saturada es el principal culpable, pero el colesterol en los alimentos también importa. Bajar la cantidad de grasas saturadas en su dieta ayuda a reducir el nivel de colesterol en la sangre. Los alimentos que tienen altos niveles de grasas saturadas incluyen carnes rojas, productos lácteos enteros, chocolate, algunos productos horneados y muchos alimentos procesados y fritos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Peso:&lt;/strong&gt; El sobrepeso u obesidad son factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. También hace subir su colesterol.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;No hacer actividad física&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; No hacer ejercicio es un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad cardíaca.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tabaquismo:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar cigarrillos&lt;/a&gt; reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL).  Dado que éste ayuda a eliminar el colesterol malo de sus arterias, tener un nivel de  HDL más bajo puede contribuir a un nivel más alto de colesterol malo &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos factores que no puede cambiar también pueden afectar sus niveles de colesterol, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su edad&lt;/strong&gt;: Sus niveles de colesterol tienden a aumentar a medida que envejece. Aunque es menos común, personas jóvenes, incluyendo niños y adolescentes, puede también tener colesterol alto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: Entre los 20 y los 39 años, los hombres tienen un mayor riesgo de tener colesterol total alto que las mujeres. Pero después de la menopausia, el riesgo de una mujer aumenta. Esto sucede porque la menopausia reduce los niveles de hormonas femeninas que pueden proteger contra el colesterol alto en sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares&lt;/strong&gt;: Sus genes determinan en parte la cantidad de colesterol que produce su cuerpo. El colesterol alto en la sangre puede darse en familias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza o etnicidad&lt;/strong&gt;: Personas de ciertas razas o grupos étnicos pueden tener un mayor riesgo de colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, los asiático-americanos tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles altos de colesterol LDL que otros grupos. Y los blancos no hispanos tienen más probabilidades que otros grupos de tener niveles altos de colesterol total&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo bajar mi colesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Puede &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;bajar su colesterol&lt;/a&gt; mediante cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón. Estos incluyen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html"&gt;plan de alimentación saludable&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;control de peso&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si estos cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes, es posible que también deba tomar medicamentos. Hay varios tipos disponibles de medicamentos para reducir el colesterol, incluyendo estatinas. Si toma medicamentos para bajar el colesterol, aún debe continuar con los cambios en el estilo de vida.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6781" language="English">Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Colesterol, Niveles</see-reference>
<site title="Apolipoproteína B100" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003502.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apolipoproteína CII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003505.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol bueno y colesterol malo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/colesterol-bueno-y-colesterol-malo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/cholesterol-good-and-bad/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007813.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol total" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Cholesterol/Cholesterol-Score-Explained-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol y estilo de vida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000099.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000211.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000403_69.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000403_9.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de VLDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de colesterol y sus resultados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000386.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles altos de colesterol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000403.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perfil de lípidos en el análisis de sangre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/perfil-de-lipidos-en-el-analisis-de-sangre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/blood-test-lipid-panel/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de triglicéridos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-trigliceridos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triglycerides-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo mis niveles de colesterol afectan mi riesgo de ataque cardíaco y derrame cerebral?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/Files/Health-Topics/Answers-by-Heart/Answers-by-Heart-SPANISH/How-Do-Cholesterol-Levels-Affect-Risk-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/What-Do-My-Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_308826_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sounds that are too loud can damage sensitive structures of the inner ear and cause noise-induced hearing loss. Learn how to protect your hearing." title="Noise" url="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html" id="500" language="English" date-created="01/18/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Noise is all around you, from televisions and radios to lawn mowers and washing machines.  Normally, you hear these sounds at safe levels that don't affect hearing. But sounds that are too loud or loud sounds over a long time are harmful.  They can damage sensitive structures of the inner ear and cause noise-induced hearing loss.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More than 30 million Americans are exposed to hazardous sound levels on a regular basis.  Hazardous sound levels are louder than 80 decibels. That's not as loud as traffic on a busy street. Listening to loud music, especially on headphones, is a common cause of noise-induced hearing loss.  You can protect your hearing by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping the volume down when listening to music&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing earplugs when using loud equipment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html" id="2055" language="Spanish">Ruido</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009622">Noise</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html" id="347">Occupational Health</related-topic>
<site title="About Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acoustic trauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001061.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Loud Music Hurt My Ears?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rock-music.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rock-music.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Noise" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Noise%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hearing loss and music" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000495.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/noise-induced-hearing-loss/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/perdida-auditiva-inducida-por-ruido-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Noise Down on the Farm" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/parents/keeping-noise-down-on-the-farm" language-mapped-url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/noisyplanet/files/Documents/Publications/KeepDownonFarm_TipSht-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Noise Pollution" url="https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/perdida-de-audicion-inducida-por-el-ruido">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Noise Exposure" url="https://www.osha.gov/noise">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/about/preventing-noise-induced-hearing-loss.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noise" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Noise%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Too Loud and Too Bright! Noise and Light Pollution's Effects on Your Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/too-loud-and-too-bright" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/demasiado-ruidoso-y-demasiado-brillante">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are risks to taking pain medicines, especially opioids. Learn about different techniques and treatments which may help you manage your pain without taking medicines." title="Non-Drug Pain Management" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html" id="7107" language="English" date-created="08/27/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is pain?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;Pain&lt;/a&gt; is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong. It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Pain may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel pain in one area of your body, such as your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;pelvis&lt;/a&gt;, or you may feel pain all over.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two types of pain:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute pain&lt;/strong&gt; usually comes on suddenly, because of a disease, injury, or inflammation. It can often be diagnosed and treated. It usually goes away, though sometimes it can turn into &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic pain&lt;/strong&gt; lasts for a long time, and can cause severe problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are pain relievers?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; are medicines that reduce or relieve pain. There are many different pain medicines, and each one has advantages and risks. Some are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;over-the-counter&lt;/a&gt; (OTC) medicines. Others are stronger medicines, which are available by prescription. The most powerful prescription pain relievers are opioids. They are very effective, but people who take them are at risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;addiction&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;overdose&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because of the side effects and risks of pain relievers, you may want to try non-drug treatments first. And if you do need to take medicines, also doing some non-drug treatments may allow you to take a lower dose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are some non-drug treatments for pain?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many non-drug treatments that can help with pain. It is important to check with your health care provider before trying any of them:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acupuncture&lt;/strong&gt; involves stimulating acupuncture points. These are specific points on your body. There are different acupuncture methods. The most common one involves inserting thin needles through the skin. Others include using pressure, electrical stimulation, and heat. Acupuncture is based on the belief that qi (vital energy) flows through the body along paths, called meridians. Practitioners believe that stimulating the acupuncture points can rebalance the qi. Research suggests that acupuncture can help manage certain pain conditions.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Biofeedback techniques&lt;/strong&gt; use electronic devices to measure body functions such as breathing and heart rate. This teaches you to be more aware of your body functions so you can learn to control them. For example, a biofeedback device may show you measurements of your muscle tension. By watching how these measurements change, you can become more aware of when your muscles are tense and learn to relax them. Biofeedback may help to control pain, including chronic headaches and back pain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Electrical stimulation&lt;/strong&gt; involves using a device to send a gentle electric current to your nerves or muscles. This can help treat pain by interrupting or blocking the pain signals. Types include&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Implanted electric nerve stimulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Deep brain or spinal cord stimulation&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Massage therapy&lt;/strong&gt; is a treatment in which the soft tissues of the body are kneaded, rubbed, tapped, and stroked. Among other benefits, it may help people relax, and relieve stress and pain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meditation&lt;/strong&gt; is a mind-body practice in which you focus your attention on something, such as an object, word, phrase, or breathing. This helps you to minimize distracting or stressful thoughts or feelings.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical therapy&lt;/strong&gt; uses techniques such as heat, cold, exercise, massage, and manipulation. It can help to control pain, as well as condition muscles and restore strength.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psychotherapy&lt;/strong&gt; (talk therapy) uses methods such as discussion, listening, and counseling to treat mental and behavioral disorders. It can also help people who have pain, especially chronic pain, by&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt; 
 &lt;li&gt;Teaching them coping skills, to be able to better deal with the stress that pain can cause&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Addressing negative thoughts and emotions that can make pain worse&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Providing them with support&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Relaxation therapy&lt;/strong&gt; can help reduce muscle tension and stress, lower blood pressure, and control pain. It may involve tensing and relaxing muscles throughout the body. It may be used with guided imagery (focusing the mind on positive images) and meditation.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; can sometimes be necessary to treat severe pain, especially when it is caused by back problems or serious musculoskeletal injuries. There are always risks to getting surgery, and it does not always work to treat pain. So it is important to go through all of the risks and benefits with your health care provider.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Complementary and Alternative Therapies</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html" id="7108" language="Spanish">Manejo del dolor sin medicamentos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059408">Pain Management</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nccih.nih.gov/">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html" id="3071">Acupuncture</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html" id="2727">Chiropractic</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html" id="5995">Chronic Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="132">Complementary and Integrative Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html" id="522">Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<site title="9 Things You Should Know About Chronic Pain and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-you-should-know-about-chronic-pain-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alternative medicine - pain relief" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002064.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biofeedback" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/biofeedback/about/pac-20384664?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic care for back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chiropractic-in-depth">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Pain" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=pain&amp;term=complementary+integrative+therapies&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cognitive behavioral therapy for back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000415.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumer Information on Pain" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/pain/consumer">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Could a Complementary Health Treatment Help You?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/could-a-complementary-health-treatment-help-you" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/podria-ayudarle-un-tratamiento-de-salud-complementario">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Massage Therapist" url="https://www.amtamassage.org/find-massage-therapist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Massage Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a NCCAOM Certified Practitioner" url="https://www.nccaom.org/find-a-practitioner-directory/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="From Opiods to Mindfulness: A New Approach to Chronic Pain" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/from-opioids-to-mindfulness-a-new-approach-to-chronic-pain" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/de-los-opioides-a-la-atencion-plena-un-nuevo-enfoque-para-el-dolor-cronico">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Magnets for Pain" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/magnets-for-pain-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Chronic Pain: How Psychologists Can Help with Pain Management" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/pain/management?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Massage Therapy: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/massage-therapy-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meditation and Mindfulness: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/meditation-and-mindfulness-effectiveness-and-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-Opioid Treatment" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/pain-management/non-opioid-treatment/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nonopioid Therapies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/manage-treat-pain/nonopioid-therapies.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/patients/es/options.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain: Considering Complementary Approaches (eBook)" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/pain-considering-complementary-approaches-ebook">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personal Story: Selene Suarez" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/personal-story-selene-suarez" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/un-relato-personal-selene-suarez">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-Drug Pain Management" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pain+Management%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Qigong: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/qigong-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tai Chi: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tai-chi-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terms Related to Complementary and Integrative Health" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/terms-related-to-complementary-and-integrative-health">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yoga for health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000876.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yoga: Effectiveness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yoga-effectiveness-and-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Noroviruses are a group of related viruses that cause symptoms like nausea and diarrhea. Learn about the proper treatments for Norovirus Infections." title="Norovirus Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html" id="6103" language="English" date-created="01/14/2013">
<also-called>Norwalk virus infections</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Noroviruses are a group of related viruses. Infection with these viruses causes an illness called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt;, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines.  It can spread from person to person, or through contaminated food or water.  You can also get it if you touch a contaminated surface. Norovirus can be serious, especially for young children and older adults.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common symptoms of norovirus infection are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stomach pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other symptoms may include fever, headache or body aches.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment includes bed rest and lots of liquids to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;. There is no specific medicine to treat norovirus infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Proper hand washing and safe food preparation may help prevent infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html" id="6104" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Norovirus</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D029322">Norovirus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Norwalk Virus Infections</see-reference>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastroenteritis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastroenteritis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Norovirus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Norovirus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cruise Ship Illness Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/faq/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/vsp/pub/Norovirus/Spanish.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand Washing: Do's and Dont's" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Norovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/prevention-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/norovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/norovirus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus - hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000475.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus Facts and Stats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus Infection" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/norovirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20355296?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/norovirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20355296?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Norovirus Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Norovirus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many problems that can affect the nose including a deviated septum, nasal polyps, nosebleeds, rhinitis, and nasal fractures. Learn more." title="Nose Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1400" language="English" date-created="12/14/2000">
<also-called>Nasal disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your nose is important to your health. It filters the air you breathe, removing dust, germs, and irritants. It warms and moistens the air to keep your lungs and tubes that lead to them from drying out. Your nose also contains the nerve cells that help your sense of smell. When there is a problem with your nose, your whole body can suffer. For example, the stuffy nose of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;common cold&lt;/a&gt; can make it hard for you to breathe, sleep, or get comfortable. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many problems besides the common cold can affect the nose. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Deviated septum - a shifting of the wall that divides the nasal cavity into halves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nasal polyps - soft growths that develop on the lining of your nose or sinuses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Nosebleeds &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Rhinitis - inflammation of the nose and sinuses sometimes caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;allergies&lt;/a&gt;. The main symptom is a runny nose.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nasal fractures, also known as a broken nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2056" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009668">Nose Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html" id="2720">Nasal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="38">Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html" id="404">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="430">Taste and Smell Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nasal Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nosebleed</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Rhinologic Society" url="https://www.american-rhinologic.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Rhinologic Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Nasal Infections" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/bacterial-nasal-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-nariz-y-de-los-senos-paranasales/infecciones-nasales-bacterianas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broad nasal bridge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003057.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken Nose" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-nose/symptoms-causes/syc-20370439?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cavernous sinus thrombosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001628.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choanal atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001642.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Nosebleeds: What to Do" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Chronic-Nosebleeds-What-To-Do.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/chronic-nosebleeds-what-to-do.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Epistaxis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Epistaxis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nose Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nose+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deviated Septum" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/deviated-septum/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrous Papule of Nose" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/fibrous-papule-of-nose?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
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<site title="Nosebleeds" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/nosebleeds/">
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<site title="Ozena" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001627.htm">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Post-Nasal Drip" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/post-nasal-drip/">
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<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nose Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nose+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
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<site title="Rhinophyma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001037.htm">
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<site title="Runny Nose" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/SYM-20050640?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/sym-20050640?p=1">
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<site title="Septoplasty - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000246.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000246.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Septoplasty - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100038_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100038_1.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Sinus CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007349.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Sneezing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003060.htm">
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<site title="Stuffy or runny nose - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Turbinate surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007563.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="What's a Booger?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/booger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/booger.html">
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<site title="Why Does My Nose Run?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose-run.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose-run.html">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Nuclear scans use radioactive substances to see structures and functions inside your body. Read about how the test is used and what to expect." title="Nuclear Scans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html" id="3955" language="English" date-created="11/04/2004">
<also-called>Radioisotope scans</also-called>
<also-called>Radionuclide scans</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Nuclear scans use radioactive substances to see structures and functions inside your body. They use a special camera that detects radioactivity.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Before the test, you receive a small amount of radioactive material. You may get it as an injection. Sometimes you swallow it or inhale it.   Then you lie still on a table while the camera makes images. Most scans take 20 to 45 minutes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Nuclear scans can help doctors diagnose many conditions, including cancers, injuries, and infections. They can also show how organs like your heart and lungs are working.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nuclearscans.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nuclearscans.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104">Diagnostic Imaging</related-topic>
<see-reference>PET Scans</see-reference>
<see-reference>Radionuclide Scans</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Radiology Accredited Facility Search" url="https://www.acraccreditation.org/accredited-facility-search">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Bone scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003833.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Radionuclide Imaging" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Radionuclide+Imaging%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tomography, Emission-Computed" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Tomography,+Emission-Computed%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gallbladder radionuclide scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003826.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Gallium scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003450.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="General Nuclear Medicine" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gennuclear" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gennuclear">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hepatobiliary Nuclear Medicine" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hepatobiliary" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hepatobiliary">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Liver scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003825.htm">
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<site title="Lung gallium scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003824.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="MIBG scintiscan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003830.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Nuclear Medicine" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/nuclear-medicine" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/medicina-nuclear">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Nuclear Medicine Imaging" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/asrt2011_nucmed.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
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<site title="Nuclear stress test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007201.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Nuclear ventriculography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003822.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Nuclear Medicine" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nuclear-pdi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nuclear-pdi">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="PET Scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pet-scan/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tomografia-por-emision-de-positrones/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PET scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003827.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="PET scan for breast cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007469.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nuclear Scans" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Radionuclide+Imaging%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003828.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003828.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Exposure and Pregnancy" url="https://hps.org/documents/pregnancy_fact_sheet.pdf">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Health Physics Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Exposure from Medical Exams and Procedures" url="https://hps.org/documents/Medical_Exposures_Fact_Sheet.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Health Physics Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo: Glossary of Terms" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radionuclide cisternogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003823.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radionuclide cystogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003832.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="RBC nuclear scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003835.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003835.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Renal (Kidney) Scintigraphy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Renal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Renal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Renal perfusion scintiscan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003831.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skeletal Scintigraphy (Bone Scan)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bone-scan">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography) Scan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spect-scan/about/pac-20384925?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spect-scan/about/pac-20384925?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-esfuerzo/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Scan and Uptake" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thyroiduptake" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thyroiduptake">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Radiologist Explains Nuclear Medicine" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/gallery/video/977">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A nursing home is a place for people who don't need to be in a hospital but can't be cared for at home. Learn about choosing a nursing home." title="Nursing Homes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html" id="1354" language="English" date-created="09/05/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A nursing home is a place for people who don't need to be in a hospital but can't be cared for at home. Most nursing homes have nursing aides and skilled nurses on hand 24 hours a day. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some nursing homes are set up like a hospital. The staff provides medical care, as well as physical, speech and occupational therapy. There might be a nurses' station on each floor. Other nursing homes try to be more like home. They try to have a neighborhood feel. Often, they don't have a fixed day-to-day schedule, and kitchens might be open to residents. Staff members are encouraged to develop relationships with residents.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some nursing homes have special care units for people with serious memory problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;. Some will let couples live together. Nursing homes are not only for older adults, but for anyone who requires 24-hour care.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html" id="2057" language="Spanish">Residencias para personas mayores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009735">Nursing Homes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedliving.html" id="1646">Assisted Living</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfacilities.html" id="486">Health Facilities</related-topic>
<see-reference>Long-Term Care</see-reference>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Long-Term Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Long-Term+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nursing Homes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Nursing+Homes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find Nursing Homes Including Rehab Services" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program in Your State" url="https://theconsumervoice.org/get_help">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding Quality Nursing Home Care" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-finding-quality-nursing-home-care">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hospice Care" url="https://familydoctor.org/hospice-care/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-del-paciente-en-la-etapa-terminal-dentro-del-centro-de-cuidado-de-enfermeria/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to choose a nursing home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000956.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Choose a Nursing Home or Other Long-Term Care Facility" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/assisted-living-and-nursing-homes/how-choose-nursing-home-or-other-long-term-care-facility">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Long-term care" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/long-term-care" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/what-part-a-covers/what-are-my-other-long-term-care-choices">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare: Find and Compare Health Care Providers" url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Study" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/npals/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nursing Home Checklist" url="https://www.medicare.gov/publications/12130nursing-home-checklist508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nursing Homes" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-settings/nursing-homes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nursing homes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nursing+Homes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Report a Patient Safety Concern or File a Complaint" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safety-topics/report-a-patient-safety-concern-or-complaint/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los alimentos entregan la energía y nutrientes que necesita para estar saludable. Obtener una buena nutrición gracias a una dieta variada es importante. " title="Nutrición" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Comida saludable</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una buena nutrición es importante para mantener a las personas 
sanas durante toda su vida, cuando son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html"&gt;bebés&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html"&gt;niños pequeños&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt;, 
adultos y luego &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;personas mayores&lt;/a&gt;. La nutrición puede ayudar a las personas a vivir más tiempo y reducir el riesgo de problemas de salud 
como enfermedades del corazón, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y más.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una buena nutrición consiste en una alimentación saludable. Esto 
significa elegir regularmente alimentos y bebidas sanas. Un plan de 
alimentación saludable debe brindarle a su cuerpo la energía y los 
nutrientes que necesita todos los días. Los nutrientes incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteínas&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html"&gt;agua&lt;/a&gt;. El plan también debe 
tener en cuenta sus preferencias, tradiciones culturales y presupuesto.&lt;!--
p--&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Una alimentación saludable no significa que deba seguir una dieta 
muy estricta o comer solo unos pocos tipos de alimentos específicos. No 
significa que nunca pueda comer sus comidas favoritas. Puede comer 
una variedad de alimentos, incluyendo sus favoritos menos saludables. 
Pero es importante no comer demasiado de estos alimentos ni 
consumirlos muy seguido. Puede equilibrar esos alimentos con 
alimentos más saludables y hacer actividad física regular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las claves para un plan de alimentación saludable incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer una variedad de alimentos, incluyendo vegetales, frutas y 
productos integrales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer carnes magras, aves, pescado, frijoles y productos lácteos 
bajos en grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber mucha agua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt;, los azúcares añadidos, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y las grasas 
saturadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegurarse de obtener suficientes nutrientes, especialmente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html"&gt;potasio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36" language="English">Nutrition</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html" id="2781">Calcio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html" id="3671">Carbohidratos en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html" id="5462">Desnutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vegetariandiet.html" id="2219">Dieta vegetariana</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html" id="4925">Dietas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html" id="3757">Etiquetado de alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html" id="3060">Fibra en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html" id="3594">Grasas en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html" id="1788">Lactancia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html" id="2234">Nutrición artificial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html" id="5423">Nutrición del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="2247">Nutrición para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059">Obesidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html" id="3669">Proteínas en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910">Seguridad con los alimentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html" id="1877">Trastornos de la alimentación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alimentación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alimentación saludable</see-reference>
<site title="12 refrigerios saludables con 200 calorías o menos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000724.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aditivos alimentarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002435.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación saludable" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentar a su familia con un presupuesto ajustado" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feeding-families.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feeding-families.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aperitivos saludables" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/aperitivos-saludables/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coma saludable" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/comasaludable.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comida vegetariana impulsada por nombres sabrosos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-comida-vegetariana-impulsada-por-nombres-sabrosos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compra de comestibles saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000336.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos sobre comida rápida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000105.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de calorías adicionales cuando usted está enfermo (adultos)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000035.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000035.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de calorías: Comida rápida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Controlar su peso con una alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambiar su dieta: Elegir alimentos ricos en nutrientes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/modifique-su-dieta-como-elegir-alimentos-ricos-en-nutrientes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo leer las etiquetas de los alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Descomponiendo la comida: Una mirada más cercana a lo que come" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/descomponiendo-la-comida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/08/breaking-down-food">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eliminando la comida chatarra de su alimentación" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/eliminando-la-comida-chatarra-de-su-alimentacion" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/02/dejunking-your-diet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la alimentación saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000330_86.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000330_25.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía nutricional Mi plato" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/myplate.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/myplate.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leche y las alternativas a base de plantas: Conozca la diferencia de nutrientes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-leche-y-las-alternativas-base-de-plantas-conozca-la-diferencia-de-nutrientes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/milk-and-plant-based-milk-alternatives-know-nutrient-difference">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legumbres" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/las-legumbres/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantequilla, margarina y aceites de cocina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000095.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nueva perspectiva de lo que significa &quot;saludable&quot; en los paquetes de alimentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/una-nueva-perspectiva-de-lo-que-significa-saludable-en-los-paquetes-de-alimentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fresh-take-what-healthy-means-food-packages">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición" url="https://www.nutrition.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.nutrition.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición: Cómo hacer elecciones de alimentos más saludables" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutricion-como-elegir-opciones-de-comida-saludable/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición: Determine sus requerimientos calóricos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutricion-determine-sus-requerimientos-caloricos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de dieta para prevenir el cáncer" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cancer-opciones-de-dieta-para-prevenir-el-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/cancer-diet-choices-to-prevent-cancer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/sym-20050700?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/SYM-20050700?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Refrigerios para adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salir a comer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000339.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siete consejos para limpiar frutas y verduras" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/7-consejos-para-limpiar-frutas-y-verduras">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soja" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/la-soja/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soya" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007204.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sustitutos simples y saludables para el corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias en alimentos saludables: Col rizada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000729.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias en alimentos saludables: Coles (repollitos) de Bruselas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000725.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias en alimentos saludables: Frijoles y legumbres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000726.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000726.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias en alimentos saludables: Microvegetales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000730.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias en alimentos saludables: Quinua" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000731.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000731.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias en alimentos saludables: Semillas de chía (salvia)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000727.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000727.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendencias en alimentos saludables: Semillas de linaza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000728.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar decisiones saludables en restaurantes de comida rápida" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seleccion-de-alimentos-saludables-de-comidas-rapidas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/making-healthy-choices-fast-food-restaurants/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está comiendo suficientes frutas y verduras?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000339_112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000339_54.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los probióticos y los prebióticos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/probiotics/faq-20058065?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/probiotics/faq-20058065?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Son seguros los alimentos si tienen sustancias químicas?" url="https://www.fda.gov//consumers/consumer-updates/son-seguros-los-alimentos-si-tienen-sustancias-quimicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/food-safe-if-it-has-chemicals">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La nutrición artificial o alimentación asistida ayuda a personas que no reciben suficiente nutrición a través de los alimentos. Entérese aquí." title="Nutrición artificial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html" id="2234" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2003">
<also-called>Alimentación asistida</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La nutrición artificial es para las personas que no reciben suficientes nutrientes a través de las comidas o las bebidas. Es posible que lo necesite si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No puede tragar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene problemas de apetito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene una desnutrición severa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No puede absorber los nutrientes a través del sistema digestivo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede nutrirse artificialmente a través de una aguja o un catéter colocado en una vena o con un tubo de alimentación, que va hasta el estómago. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html" id="1271" language="English">Nutritional Support</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alimentación artificial</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alimentación asistida</see-reference>
<site title="Administración en bolos y sonda de gastrostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000165.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación parenteral total en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007239.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007239.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación por sonda (Nutrición enteral por sonda)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/alimentaci%C3%B3n-por-sonda" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/tube-feeding">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras inserción de sonda de GEP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000900.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000900.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apoyo nutricional para personas moribundas o con demencia grave" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/apoyo-nutricional-para-personas-moribundas-o-con-demencia-grave" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/nutritional-support-for-people-who-are-dying-or-have-severe-dementia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bomba y el tubo de gastrostomía para alimentación de niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000333.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000333.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio de apósito para catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio del apósito para el catéter central colocado por vía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000462.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catéteres centrales de inserción periférica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picc-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picc-lines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación de un tubo de gastrostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100125_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100125_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-gastrostom%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica-percut%C3%A1nea" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-peg">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidratación y nutrición artificial" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/hidratacion-y-nutricion-artificial/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/artificial-hydration-and-nutrition/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de catéter colocado por vía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de una sonda de gastrostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002937.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002937.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavado del catéter central colocado por vía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavado del catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de problemas de alimentación por sonda nasogástrica en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000164.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición parenteral total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000177.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000177.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones para el final de la vida: Los tubos de alimentación y los respiradores" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/opciones-para-el-final-de-la-vida-los-tubos-de-alimentacioacuten-y-los-respiradores-feeding/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/advanced-illness-feeding-tubes-and-ventilators/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puertos implantados (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/implanted-ports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/implanted-ports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puertos para catéteres venosos centrales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonda de alimentación en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007235.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonda de alimentación nasogástrica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000182.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000182.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonda de yeyunostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000181.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000181.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías centrales (catéteres venosos centrales)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-lines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Conoce las mejores maneras de alimentar a su bebé o recién nacido? ¿Sabe identificar alergias alimentarias? Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido aquí." title="Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751" language="Spanish" date-created="03/12/2004">
<also-called>Alimentación del bebé y del niño</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El alimento proporciona la energía y los nutrientes que los bebés necesitan para estar sanos. Para un bebé, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;leche materna&lt;/a&gt; es lo mejor. Contiene todas las vitaminas y minerales que necesitan. Las fórmulas para lactantes están disponibles para aquellos bebés cuyas mamás no pueden o deciden no amamantar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los bebés comienzan a comer comida sólida cerca de los 6 meses de edad. Pregúntele a su proveedor de salud cuál es el mejor momento para que su bebé comience. Si empieza dándole un alimento a la vez, usted podrá identificar a cuáles su bebé podría ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html"&gt;alérgico&lt;/a&gt;. Las reacciones alérgicas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;erupciones en la piel&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vómitos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A muchos padres les preocupa la alergia al maní (cacahuate). El momento en que los bebés pueden consumir alimentos que contienen maní depende de su riesgo de tener alergias alimentarias:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La mayoría de los bebés pueden comer productos con maní cuando tienen unos 6 meses de edad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los bebés que tienen eccema leve a moderado tienen un mayor riesgo de alergias alimentarias. Usualmente, estos bebés pueden comer productos con maní cerca de los 6 meses de edad. Hable con el proveedor de salud de su bebé si tiene preguntas sobre esto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los bebés con eccema severo o alergia al huevo tienen un alto riesgo de ser alérgicos al maní. Si su bebé es de alto riesgo, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. Puede que su hijo necesite una prueba de alergias. Su proveedor además puede indicarle cuándo y cómo darle a su hijo productos que contienen maní&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay algunas comidas que debe evitar darle a su bebé:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No le de miel a su bebé antes de que cumpla un año de edad. La miel puede tener una toxina que causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html"&gt;botulismo&lt;/a&gt; en bebés&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evite la leche de vaca antes de que su bebé cumpla un año, ya que no contiene todos los nutrientes que su hijo necesita y los bebés no pueden digerirla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las bebidas o alimentos no pasteurizados (como jugos, leche, yogurt o quesos) pueden poner a su bebé en riesgo de una infección por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html"&gt;E. coli&lt;/a&gt;, una bacteria que puede causar diarrea severa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunos alimentos pueden provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html"&gt;asfixia&lt;/a&gt;, como dulces, palomitas de maíz, nueces enteras y uvas (a menos que las corte en pedacitos). No le de estos alimentos a su bebé antes de que cumpla 3 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los bebés no deben tomar jugo antes de cumplir 1 año, debido a su alto contenido de azúcar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750" language="English">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974">Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html" id="1788">Lactancia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html" id="5423">Nutrición del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html" id="1976">Salud del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bebé, Nutrición</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nutrición del recién nacido</see-reference>
<see-reference>Recién nacido, Nutrición</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia a la leche en bebés" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/milk-allergy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/milk-allergy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación con fórmula: Cómo comenzar la alimentación con sólidos y leche" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/formulafeed-solids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/formulafeed-solids.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentando a su recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feednewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feednewborn.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentar a su hijo de 1 a 3 meses de edad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed13m.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed13m.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentar a su hijo de 4 a 7 meses de edad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed47m.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed47m.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentar a su hijo de 8 a 12 meses de edad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed812m.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed812m.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentos sólidos: Cómo preparar a tu bebé para comenzar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20046200?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20046200?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amamantar o alimentar con fórmula para bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000803.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de peso y nutrición neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007302.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulismo en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001384.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001384.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calostro: La primera comida de su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/paginas/colostrum-your-babys-first-meal.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/pages/Colostrum-Your-Babys-First-Meal.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando llega el bebé" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/cuando-llega-el-bebe" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/once-baby-arrives-food-safety-moms-be">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ahorrar en fórmula para bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000805.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000805.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dejar el biberón" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y patrones de alimentación en bebés y lactantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y patrones de alimentación en niños de seis meses a dos años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fórmula infantil no relacionada con la diabetes" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/formula-infantil-no-relacionada-con-la-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fórmula para bebés: comprarla, prepararla, almacenarla y darla al bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000806.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fórmulas para lactantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002447.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos saludables que duran toda la vida: Cómo practicar la alimentación perceptiva" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/habitos-saludables-que-duran-toda-la-vida-como-practicar-la-alimentacion-perceptiva" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/healthy-habits-that-last-a-lifetime-how-to-practice-responsive-feeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactancia materna frente a lactancia con leche de fórmula" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/breast-bottle-feeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breast-bottle-feeding.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leche de vaca para los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002448.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leche infantil" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/leche-de-formula-para-lactantes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/infant-formula/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las mejores estrategias de alimentación?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/estrategias">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es segura la fórmula para bebés hecha en casa?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/homemade-formula.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/homemade-formula.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué conviene que beba su bebé?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/babies-drink.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/babies-drink.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué pueden hacer los padres sobre los metales pesados que contiene la comida de sus bebés?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/heavy-metals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/heavy-metals.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una dieta saludable ayuda a los niños a crecer y aprender mejor. Aquí información sobre nutrición para niños y cómo introducir comidas sanas en su dieta." title="Nutrición del niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084" language="Spanish" date-created="02/20/2003">
<also-called>Alimentación del niño</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una dieta saludable ayuda a los niños a crecer y a aprender. También ayuda a prevenir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y las enfermedades relacionadas con el peso, como la diabetes. Para darle a su hijo una dieta nutritiva:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prepare la mitad de lo que le da de comer con frutas y verduras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prefiera las fuentes saludables de proteínas, como carnes magras, nueces y huevos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sirva panes integrales y cereales porque son ricos en fibras. Reduzca los granos refinados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hornee, ase o cocine al vapor los alimentos en lugar de freírlos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limite la comida rápida y chatarra&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ofrézcale agua y leche en lugar de jugos de frutas con azúcar y gaseosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Averigüe sobre las necesidades nutricionales de sus hijos. Algunas de ellas, como las necesidades de hierro y calcio, cambian a medida que su hijo crece.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Fuente: NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083" language="English">Child Nutrition</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html" id="5423">Nutrición del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<site title="Adolescente: Nutrición" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/teen/nutrition/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación saludable" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/habits.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/habits.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cafeína y su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/child-caffeine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/child-caffeine.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/calcium.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/calcium.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos y el azúcar (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sugar.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colesterol (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholesterol.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de nutrición para niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-de-nutricion-para-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/heartdisease/kids/495.printerview.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de calorías adicionales cuando los niños estén enfermos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cálculo de grasas y calorías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/fat-calories.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/fat-calories.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo alimentar a un joven deportista" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed-child-athlete.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed-child-athlete.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a los niños: Recomendaciones para los padres y otros cuidadores" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/ayudar-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/helping-your-child-tips-for-parents">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo añadir equilibrio a una comida favorita" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/balance-favorite-meal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/balance-favorite-meal.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar problemas con la comida de los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-evitar-problemas-con-la-comida-de-los-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/avoiding-food-hassles-kids/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo preparar tentempiés saludables" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/make-healthy-snack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/make-healthy-snack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desayunos saludables para niños: Todo es cuestión de balance" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/desayunos-saludables-para-ninos-todo-es-cuestion-de-balance" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/healthy-breakfasts-kids-its-all-about-balance">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escuela primaria: Nutrición" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/nutrition/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibras (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fiber.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fiber.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fat.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía de alimentación para deportistas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eatnrun.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eatnrun.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía nutricional 'Mi plato'" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pyramid.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía nutricional Mi plato" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/myplate.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/myplate.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hierro (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iron.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iron.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos sanos garantizan familias saludables" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/families/garantizan?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información nutricional: Lea la etiqueta (consejos para padres)" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128914/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/128913/download">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kwashiorkor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001604.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leche de vaca y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001973.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mejor nutrición todos los días: Cómo elegir alimentos y bebidas más saludables" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mejor-nutricion-todos-los-dias" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/better-nutrition-every-day">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preescolar: Nutrición y estado físico" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/preschool/nutrition-fitness/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preferencia por un solo alimento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002425.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de prealbúmina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-prealbumina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prealbumin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/sym-20050700?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/SYM-20050700?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siga, ¡precaución! y ¡alto!: Guía del buen comer para niños" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/go-slow-whoa.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vitamin-d.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vitamin-d.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué es bueno beber agua?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/water.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/water.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Son seguros para los niños los sustitutos del azúcar?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sugar-substitutes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sugar-substitutes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los niños pequeños necesitan una buena nutrición para estar saludable y crecer fuertes. Entérese aquí sobre comidas saludables para los niños." title="Nutrición del niño pequeño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html" id="5423" language="Spanish" date-created="05/27/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los alimentos proveen la energía que los niños más pequeños necesitan para crecer sanos. También están aprendiendo a comer por sí mismos. Deben comer una  gran variedad de comidas de todos los grupos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas cosas a las que hay que prestar atención:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese que su niño pequeño obtenga suficiente hierro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los niños pequeños de 1 a 3 años necesitan 500 miligramos de calcio por día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No le dé de comer frutos de mar, maníes o nueces antes de los 2 o 3 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html" id="5422" language="English">Toddler Nutrition</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Niño pequeño, Nutrición</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentar a su hijo de 1 a 2 años de edad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed12yr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed12yr.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbohidratos y el azúcar (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sugar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sugar.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su niño que comienza a caminar no quiere comer" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuando-su-nino-pequeno-no-quiere-comer/" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/when-your-toddler-doesnt-want-to-eat/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir alimentos saludables" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/nutrition/paginas/making-healthy-food-choices.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/nutrition/Pages/Making-Healthy-Food-Choices.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dejar el biberón" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y patrones de alimentación en niños de seis meses a dos años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía de nutrición para sus hijos pequeños" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toddler-food.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toddler-food.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hierro (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iron.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iron.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leche de vaca y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001973.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preferencia por un solo alimento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002425.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para alimentar a lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-para-alimentar-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/feeding-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos alimenticios para niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/paginas/dietary-supplements-for-toddlers.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/pages/Dietary-Supplements-for-Toddlers.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tentempiés para niños de entre 1 y 3 años de edad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toddler-snacks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toddler-snacks.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Durante el embarazo, es importante que usted y su bebé obtengan la nutrición necesaria para crecer y estar sanos. Aprenda qué alimentos pueden aportarle los nutrientes adecuados." title="Nutrición durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html" id="5985" language="Spanish" date-created="02/29/2012">
<also-called>Alimentación durante el embarazo</also-called>
<also-called>Dieta durante el embarazo</also-called>
<also-called>Embarazo y nutrición</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la nutrición y por qué es importante durante el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La nutrición consiste en consumir una dieta saludable y equilibrada para que su cuerpo obtenga los nutrientes que necesita. Los nutrientes son sustancias en los alimentos que el cuerpo necesita para poder funcionar y crecer. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteínas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html"&gt;agua&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazada&lt;/a&gt;, la nutrición es más importante que nunca. Necesita una mayor cantidad de muchos nutrientes importantes que antes del embarazo. Preferir alimentos saludables a diario le ayudará a darle a su bebé lo que necesita para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;desarrollarse&lt;/a&gt;. También ayudará para que usted y su bebé ganen una cantidad saludable de peso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Tengo alguna necesidad nutricional especial ahora que estoy embarazada?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Necesita más ácido fólico, hierro, calcio y vitamina D que lo que necesitaba antes del embarazo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt; es una vitamina B que puede ayudar a prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;defectos del tubo neural&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antes del embarazo, necesita 400 microgramos por día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Durante el embarazo y la lactancia, necesita 600 microgramos por día proveniente de alimentos y/o vitaminas. Es difícil obtener esta cantidad solo de los alimentos, por lo que es probable que deba tomar un suplemento que contenga ácido fólico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html"&gt;hierro&lt;/a&gt; es importante para el crecimiento y desarrollo cerebral de su bebé. Durante el embarazo, la cantidad de sangre en su cuerpo aumenta, por lo que necesita más hierro para usted y su bebé en crecimiento. Debe recibir 27 miligramos de hierro al día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; durante el embarazo puede reducir su riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;preeclampsia&lt;/a&gt;. Es una afección médica grave que causa un aumento repentino de la presión arterial. El calcio también se acumula en los huesos y futuros dientes de su bebé 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las embarazadas adultas deben recibir 1,000 miligramos de calcio al día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las embarazadas adolescentes (entre 14 y 18 años) necesitan 1,300 miligramos de calcio al día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; ayuda al calcio a formar los huesos y dientes del bebé. Todas las mujeres, embarazadas o no, deben recibir 600 unidades internacionales de vitamina D al día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;Tenga en cuenta que tomar demasiado de un suplemento puede ser perjudicial. Por ejemplo, niveles muy altos de vitamina A pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;. Solo tome vitaminas y suplementos minerales que su profesional de la salud le recomiende.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También necesita más proteínas cuando está embarazada. Las fuentes saludables de proteínas incluyen frijoles, guisantes, huevos, carnes magras, mariscos y nueces y semillas sin sal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Obtener suficientes líquidos es otra necesidad nutricional especial durante el embarazo. Cuando está embarazada, su cuerpo necesita más agua para mantenerse usted y su bebé &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;hidratada&lt;/a&gt;. Por eso es importante tomar suficientes líquidos todos los días.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánto peso debo subir durante el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cantidad de peso que debe subir depende de su salud y de cuánto pesaba antes de embarazarse:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tenía un peso normal antes del embarazo, debería aumentar entre 25 y 30 libras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tenía bajo peso antes del embarazo, debería ganar más&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tenía sobrepeso u obesidad antes de quedar embarazada, debería aumentar menos de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Consulte con su profesional de la salud cuánto aumento de peso es saludable para usted. Debe aumentar de peso en forma gradual durante el embarazo, con la mayor parte del peso ganado en el último trimestre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Necesito consumir más calorías al estar embarazada?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cantidad de calorías que necesita depende de cuánto debe subir de peso. Su profesional de la salud puede decirle cuál debe ser su meta, en función de su peso antes del embarazo, su edad y la rapidez con la que aumenta de peso. Las recomendaciones generales son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En el primer trimestre de embarazo, es probable que no necesite calorías adicionales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En el segundo trimestre, por lo general necesita cerca de 340 calorías extra &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En el último trimestre, usted puede necesitar cerca de 450 calorías extra al día &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Durante las últimas semanas de embarazo, es posible que no necesite calorías adicionales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tenga en cuenta que no todas las calorías son iguales. Debe comer alimentos saludables que contengan nutrientes, no las llamadas "calorías vacías", como las que se encuentran en los refrescos, dulces y postres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué alimentos debo evitar durante el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante el embarazo, debe evitar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alcohol&lt;/strong&gt;: No hay una cantidad conocida de alcohol que sea seguro para una mujer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pescado que puede tener altos niveles de mercurio&lt;/strong&gt;: Limite el atún blanco (albacora) a 6 onzas por semana. No coma blanquillo (lofolátilo), tiburón, pez espada, pez marlín, reloj anaranjado o macarela rey (caballa)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Productos que pueden tener gérmenes que causen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Productos del mar ahumados refrigerados como pescado blanco, salmón y caballa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Carnes, aves, huevos y mariscos poco cocidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Productos untables de carne refrigerada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ensaladas preparadas en la tienda, como ensalada de pollo, huevo o atún&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Leche cruda o sin pasteurizar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Jugos o sidra no pasteurizados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quesos blandos no pasteurizados, como queso feta, brie, queso blanco, queso fresco y quesos azules no pasteurizados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Brotes crudos de cualquier tipo (incluidos alfalfa, trébol, rábano y frijol mungo)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Masa para galletas cruda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frutas y verduras sin lavar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Demasiada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Beber grandes cantidades de cafeína puede ser dañino para su bebé. Para la mayoría de las personas, es mejor limitar la cafeína a menos de 200 mg por día durante el embarazo. Pero primero consulte con su profesional de la salud si debe consumir cafeína&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html" id="5984" language="English">Pregnancy and Nutrition</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Embarazo, Nutrición</see-reference>
<site title="Acido fólico y usted: Batido locura de mango (receta)" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNXMZoJacJQ">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eating-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eating-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación saludable y embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/comer-saludable-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/eating-healthy-during-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de peso durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-aumento-de-peso-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/weight-gain-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cafeína en el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-cafeina-en-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/caffeine-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coma saludable" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/coma-saludable.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comer bien durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000584.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumir edulcorantes artificiales durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sweeteners-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sweeteners-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo tiene que aumentar de peso en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000617.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del aumento de peso durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000603.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse saludable y protegida" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/staying-healthy-and-safe" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/staying-healthy-and-safe">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas en riesgo: Embarazadas" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mg5v/embarazadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/pregnant-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos</organization>
<organization>Casa Blanca de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pescado y el embarazo: ¿Qué se puede comer con seguridad?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Fish-Pregnancy-What-is-Safe-to-Eat.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/pages/fish-pregnancy-what-is-safe-to-eat.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para las mujeres embarazadas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/mujeres-embarazadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-pregnant-women">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/foods-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/foods-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria para futuras mamás" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/seguridad-alimentaria-para-futuras-mamas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/food-safety-moms-be">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y otros nutrientes durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vitaminas-y-otros-nutrientes-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/vitamins-and-other-nutrients-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una buena dieta para el adulto mayor reduce riesgo de osteoporosis, presión arterial alta, enfermedades del corazón y ciertos tipos de cáncer. Más aquí." title="Nutrición para personas mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="2247" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Alimentación para personas mayores</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la nutrición y por qué es importante para las personas mayores?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Nutrición es consumir una dieta saludable y balanceada para que su cuerpo obtenga los nutrientes que necesita. Los nutrientes son sustancias en los alimentos que nuestros cuerpos necesitan para poder funcionar y crecer. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteínas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html"&gt;grasas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html"&gt;agua&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La buena nutrición es importante, sin importar su edad. Le entrega energía y puede ayudar a controlar su peso. También puede ayudar a prevenir enfermedades, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;hipertensión arterial&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; y algunos tipos de cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero a medida que envejece, su cuerpo y su vida cotidiana cambia, lo mismo lo que usted necesita para mantener su salud. Por ejemplo, puede necesitar menos calorías, pero de todas formas requiere suficientes nutrientes. Algunos adultos mayores necesitan más proteínas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué cosas pueden dificultar que coma saludable a medida que envejezco?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos cambios que ocurren a medida que envejece pueden hacer más difícil que usted coma saludable. Estos incluyen cambios en su:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hogar: Si es que de repente se queda viviendo solo o tiene problemas para moverse
Salud: Puede tener problemas para cocinar o para alimentarse&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos: Pueden cambiar cómo percibe el sabor de la comida, causar boca seca o reducir sus ganas de comer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ingresos: Puede que usted no tenga los recursos suficientes para los alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su sentido del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;olfato y del gusto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas para mascar o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;tragar&lt;/a&gt; los alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo comer saludable a medida que envejezco?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para mantenerse saludable, usted debe:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comer alimentos que le entregan muchos nutrientes sin demasiadas calorías extra&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Frutas y vegetales (elija diferentes tipos con colores vivos)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Granos integrales, como avena, pan integral y arroz integral&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Leche descremada y queso bajo en calorías, o leche de arroz o de soya fortificada con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pescados, mariscos, carnes magras, aves y huevos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frijoles, nueces y semillas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evite las calorías vacías o huecas&lt;/strong&gt;: Estas son alimentos que tienen muchas calorías pero pocos nutrientes, como papas fritas, dulces, productos horneados, bebidas azucaradas y alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prefiera alimentos bajos en colesterol y grasas&lt;/strong&gt;: Especialmente evitar los que contienen grasas saturadas y trans. Las saturadas son grasas de origen animal, mientras que las trans son grasas procesadas en margarina y grasa alimentaria. Se pueden encontrar en los productos horneados que se venden en tiendas o alimentos fritos en los restaurantes de comida rápida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tome suficientes líquidos&lt;/strong&gt;: No se deshidrate. Algunas personas pierden la capacidad de sentir sed a medida que envejecen. Además, ciertos medicamentos pueden aumentar la importancia de beber suficientes líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Haga ejercicio&lt;/strong&gt;: Si ha comenzado a perder el apetito, la actividad física puede ayudarle a sentir hambre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer si tengo problemas para alimentarme sanamente?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, las enfermedades u otros problemas pueden dificultar el comer sano. Algunas sugerencias que pueden ayudar son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si está cansado de comer solo, intente organizar algunas comidas caseras o cocinar con un amigo. También puede servir tener algunas comidas en un centro para adultos mayores, un centro comunitario o un centro religioso cercano&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si tiene problemas para masticar, consulte a su dentista para que lo examine&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene problemas para tragar, intente beber muchos líquidos con su comida. Si eso no ayuda, consulte con su proveedor de atención médica. Una afección médica podría estar causando el problema&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si tiene problemas para oler y probar su comida, intente agregar color y textura para hacerla más interesante&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si no está comiendo lo suficiente, agregue algunos bocadillos saludables a lo largo del día para ayudarle a obtener más nutrientes y calorías&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si una enfermedad le dificulta cocinar o alimentarse, consulte a su profesional de la salud. Él o ella puede recomendar un terapeuta ocupacional que puede ayudarle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="1616" language="English">Nutrition for Older Adults</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142">Salud de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<site title="Alimentación saludable para personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alimentos/alimentacion-saludable-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-eating-nutrition-and-diet/healthy-meal-planning-tips-older-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ciertos antioxidantes pueden reducir el riesgo de demencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ciertos-antioxidantes-pueden-reducir-el-riesgo-de-demencia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/certain-antioxidants-may-lower-dementia-risk">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="H20 para un envejecimiento saludable" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-h20-para-un-envejecimiento-saludable" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/h20-for-healthy-aging">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de alimentos más seguras para adultos de 65 años o más" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/media/pdfs/341844-series_ncezid_safefoodtables-es_older.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/adults-65-older.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de prealbúmina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-prealbumina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prealbumin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/sym-20050700?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/SYM-20050700?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para los adultos mayores" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de la etiqueta de información nutricional: Para Adultos Mayores" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/uso-de-la-etiqueta-de-informacion-nutricional-para-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/using-nutrition-facts-label-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Food provides the energy and nutrients you need to be healthy. It is important to eat a variety of foods to get all the nutrients you need. Learn more." title="Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36" language="English" date-created="08/04/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Good nutrition is important in keeping people healthy throughout their lives - when they are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html"&gt;babies&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html"&gt;toddlers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;, adults, and then &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;older adults&lt;/a&gt;. It can help people live longer and lower their risk of health problems like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, and more.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Good nutrition is about healthy eating. This means regularly choosing healthy foods and beverages. A healthy eating plan should give your body the energy and nutrients that you need every day. Nutrients include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html"&gt;water&lt;/a&gt;. The plan should also take into account your preferences, cultural traditions, and budget.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Healthy eating does not mean that you have to follow a very strict diet or eat only a few specific types of food. It doesn't mean that you can never eat your favorite foods. You can eat a variety of foods, including less healthy favorites. But it's important not to eat too much of those foods or have them too often. You can balance those foods with healthier foods and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The keys to a healthy eating plan include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating a variety of foods, including vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, and low-fat dairy products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fiber&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking lots of water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt;, added sugars, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, and saturated fat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making sure that you get enough nutrients, especially &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;potassium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058" language="Spanish">Nutrición</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009747">Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009748">Nutrition Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Malaysia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Malay">Malay</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/nutrition.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html" id="175">Breastfeeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html" id="2780">Calcium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html" id="3670">Carbohydrates</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083">Child Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html" id="3059">Dietary Fiber</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html" id="3668">Dietary Proteins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html" id="4924">Diets</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html" id="237">Eating Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html" id="3756">Food Labeling</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434">Food Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html" id="5461">Malnutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298">Minerals</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="1616">Nutrition for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html" id="1271">Nutritional Support</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61">Obesity</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html" id="5984">Pregnancy and Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vegetariandiet.html" id="1613">Vegetarian Diet</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>Food Additives</see-reference>
<see-reference>Healthy Eating</see-reference>
<site title="12 healthy snacks with 200 calories or less" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000724.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans" url="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics" url="https://www.eatright.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aim for a Healthy Weight: Menus" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/menuplanner.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are You Eating Enough Fruits and Vegetables?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000339_54.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000339_112.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breaking Down Food: A Closer Look at What You Eat" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/08/breaking-down-food" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/descomponiendo-la-comida">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calorie count - fast food" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000887.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion" url="https://www.fns.usda.gov/cnpp">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nutrition" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nutrition%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nutrition Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nutrition+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/nutritiondefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dejunking Your Diet: The Drawbacks of Ultra-Processed Foods" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/02/dejunking-your-diet" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/eliminando-la-comida-chatarra-de-su-alimentacion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet Choices to Prevent Cancer" url="https://familydoctor.org/cancer-diet-choices-to-prevent-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cancer-opciones-de-dieta-para-prevenir-el-cancer/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet in the News -- What to Believe?" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/media/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eat Healthy: Food Group Gallery" url="https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/food-group-gallery">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eat Healthy: Fruits" url="https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/fruits">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eat Healthy: Vegetables" url="https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/vegetables" language-mapped-url="https://choosemyplate-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/tentips/DGTipsheet2AddMoreVegetables-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating extra calories when you are sick - adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000035.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000035.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating out" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000339.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eatright.org: For Men" url="https://www.eatright.org/for-men">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fast food tips" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000105.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000105.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Diet/Nutrition" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/diet.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Your Family on a Tight Budget" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feeding-families.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feeding-families.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food additives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002435.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Ingredients &amp; Packaging" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/food-ingredients-packaging">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foods for Eye Health" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/5-top-foods-for-eye-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fresh Take on What &quot;Healthy&quot; Means on Food Packages" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fresh-take-what-healthy-means-food-packages" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/una-nueva-perspectiva-de-lo-que-significa-saludable-en-los-paquetes-de-alimentos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating on a Budget" url="https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/healthy-eating-budget" language-mapped-url="https://choosemyplate-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/tentips/DGTipsheet9SmartShopping-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy food trends - beans and legumes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000726.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000726.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy food trends - brussels sprouts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000725.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy food trends - chia seeds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000727.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000727.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy food trends - flaxseeds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000728.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy food trends - kale" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000729.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy food trends - microgreens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000730.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy food trends - quinoa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000731.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000731.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy grocery shopping" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000336.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Change Recipes?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/how-do-i-change-recipes.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to read food labels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000107.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Food Safe if It Has Chemicals?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/food-safe-if-it-has-chemicals" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov//consumers/consumer-updates/son-seguros-los-alimentos-si-tienen-sustancias-quimicas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Make Better Beverage Choices" url="https://www.myplate.gov/tip-sheet/make-better-beverage-choices">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Making Healthy Choices at Fast Food Restaurants" url="https://familydoctor.org/making-healthy-choices-fast-food-restaurants/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seleccion-de-alimentos-saludables-de-comidas-rapidas/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing your weight with healthy eating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000330.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milk and Plant-Based Milk Alternatives: Know the Nutrient Difference" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/milk-and-plant-based-milk-alternatives-know-nutrient-difference" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-leche-y-las-alternativas-base-de-plantas-conozca-la-diferencia-de-nutrientes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Food Guide" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/myplate.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/myplate.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Kitchen (Recipes)" url="https://www.myplate.gov/myplate-kitchen">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Quiz" url="https://www.myplate.gov/myplate-quiz">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Quizzes" url="https://www.myplate.gov/resources/tools/quizzes">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate.gov" url="https://www.myplate.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.choosemyplate.gov/en-espanol.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts for Cooked Seafood" url="https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/Nutrition-Information-for-Cooked-Seafood-(purchased-raw)---Medium-PDF-Poster.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts for Raw Fruits" url="https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/Nutrition-Information-for-Raw-Fruits---small-PDF-Poster.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Facts for Raw Vegetables" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/70792/download">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition.gov" url="https://www.nutrition.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nutrition.gov/es">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nutrition+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Simple, heart-smart substitutions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000746.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snacks for adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007204.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Start Simple with MyPlate App" url="https://www.myplate.gov/resources/tools/startsimple-myplate-app">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Healthy Eating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000330_25.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000330_86.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipsheet: Eating Healthy Ethnic Food" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/eat/tips_eth_dine.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Studies show that a good diet in your later years reduces risk of osteoporosis, high blood pressure, heart diseases, and certain cancers. Read more." title="Nutrition for Older Adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="1616" language="English" date-created="04/29/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is nutrition and why is it important for older adults?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nutrition is about eating a healthy and balanced diet so your body gets the nutrients that it needs. Nutrients are substances in foods that our bodies need so they can function and grow. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and water.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Good nutrition is important, no matter what your age. It gives you energy and can help you control your weight. It may also help prevent some diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, and certain cancers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But as you age, your body and life change, and so does what you need to stay healthy. For example, you may need fewer calories, but you still need to get enough nutrients. Some older adults need more protein.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can make it harder for me to eat healthy as I age?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some changes that can happen as you age can make it harder for you to eat healthy. These include changes in your:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Home life, such as suddenly living alone or having trouble getting around&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Health, which can make it harder for you to cook or feed yourself&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, which can change how food tastes, make your mouth dry, or take away your appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Income, which means that you may not have as much money for food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sense of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;smell and taste&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems chewing or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing&lt;/a&gt; your food&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I eat healthy as I age?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To stay healthy as you age, you should:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eat foods that give you lots of nutrients without a lot of extra calories&lt;/strong&gt;, such as
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Fruits and vegetables (choose different types with bright colors)&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Whole grains, like oatmeal, whole-wheat bread, and brown rice&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Fat-free or low-fat milk and cheese, or soy or rice milk that has added &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Seafood, lean meats, poultry, and eggs&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Beans, nuts, and seeds&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoid empty calories.&lt;/strong&gt; These are foods with lots of calories but few nutrients, such as chips, candy, baked goods, soda, and alcohol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pick foods that are low in cholesterol and fat.&lt;/strong&gt; You especially want to try to avoid saturated and trans fats. Saturated fats are usually fats that come from animals. Trans fats are processed fats in stick margarine and vegetable shortening. You may find them in some store-bought baked goods and fried foods at some fast-food restaurants.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Drink enough liquids&lt;/strong&gt;, so you don't get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydrated&lt;/a&gt;. Some people lose their sense of thirst as they age. And certain medicines might make it even more important to have plenty of fluids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be physically active.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have started losing your appetite, exercising may help you to feel hungrier.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can I do if I am having trouble eating healthy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes health issues or other problems can make it hard to eat healthy. Here are some tips that might help:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you are tired of eating alone, try organizing some potluck meals or cooking with a friend. You can also look into having some meals at a nearby senior center, community center, or religious facility.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you are having trouble chewing, see your dentist to check for problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you are having trouble swallowing, try drinking plenty of liquids with your meal. If that does not help, check with your health care provider. A health condition or medicine could be causing the problem.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you're having trouble smelling and tasting your food, try adding color and texture to make your food more interesting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you aren't eating enough, add some healthy snacks throughout the day to help you get more nutrients and calories&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If an illness is making it harder for you to cook or feed yourself, check with your health care provider. He or she may recommend an occupational therapist, who can help you find ways to make it easier.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="2247" language="Spanish">Nutrición para personas mayores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009747">Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009748">Nutrition Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21">Older Adult Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Seniors' Nutrition</see-reference>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nutrition Programs for Older Adults" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=nutrition+program&amp;aggFilters=ages:older,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/nutritiondefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foods for Eye Health" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/5-top-foods-for-eye-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="H20 for Healthy Aging" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/h20-for-healthy-aging" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-h20-para-un-envejecimiento-saludable">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Tips for Older Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating as You Age: Know Your Food Groups" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-eating-nutrition-and-diet/healthy-eating-you-age-know-your-food-groups">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Lifestyles for Healthy Older Adults" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/healthy-weights-for-healthy-older-adults">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Meal Planning: Tips for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-eating-nutrition-and-diet/healthy-meal-planning-tips-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alimentos/alimentacion-saludable-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Much Should I Eat? Quantity and Quality" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-eating-nutrition-and-diet/how-much-should-i-eat-quantity-and-quality">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meals on Wheels: Find a Meal" url="https://www.mealsonwheelsamerica.org/signup/find-programs">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Meals on Wheels Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate Kitchen (Recipes)" url="https://www.myplate.gov/myplate-kitchen">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyPlate.gov" url="https://www.myplate.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.choosemyplate.gov/en-espanol.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/nutrition">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overcoming Roadblocks to Healthy Eating" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-eating-nutrition-and-diet/overcoming-roadblocks-healthy-eating">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prealbumin Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prealbumin-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-prealbumina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Older Adults" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nutrition+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+aged+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+aged+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safer Food Choices for Adults 65 Years or Older" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/adults-65-older.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/media/pdfs/341844-series_ncezid_safefoodtables-es_older.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using the Nutrition Facts Label: For Older Adults" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/using-nutrition-facts-label-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/uso-de-la-etiqueta-de-informacion-nutricional-para-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Minerals for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vitamins-and-supplements/vitamins-and-minerals-older-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Nutritional support is therapy for people who do not get enough nourishment by eating or drinking. Read about the process of gaining nutrients." title="Nutritional Support" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html" id="1271" language="English" date-created="08/31/2000">
<also-called>Artificial feeding</also-called>
<also-called>Artificial hydration and nutrition</also-called>
<also-called>Hyperalimentation</also-called>
<also-called>Parenteral nutrition</also-called>
<also-called>TPN</also-called>
<also-called>Tube feeding</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Nutritional support is therapy for people who cannot get enough nourishment by eating or drinking.  You may need it if you :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can't swallow&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Have problems with your appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are severely malnourished&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Can't absorb nutrients through your digestive system&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You receive nutritional support through a needle or catheter placed in your vein or with a feeding tube, which goes into your stomach. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html" id="2234" language="Spanish">Nutrición artificial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018529">Nutritional Support</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artificial Feeding</see-reference>
<see-reference>Parenteral Nutrition</see-reference>
<see-reference>TPN</see-reference>
<site title="Artificial Hydration and Nutrition" url="https://familydoctor.org/artificial-hydration-and-nutrition/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/hidratacion-y-nutricion-artificial/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Lines (Central Venous Catheters)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-lines.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Central Venous Catheter" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/central-venous-catheter.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Central venous catheter - dressing change" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central venous catheter - flushing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central venous catheters - ports" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nutritional Support" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22nutritional+support%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Parenteral Nutrition" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=parenteral+nutrition&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enteral nutrition - child - managing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000164.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000164.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding tube - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007235.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding tube insertion - gastrostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002937.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002937.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrostomy feeding tube - bolus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000165.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrostomy feeding tube - pump - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000333.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000333.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrostomy tube placement - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100125_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100125_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implanted Ports" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/implanted-ports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/implanted-ports.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jejunostomy feeding tube" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000181.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000181.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasogastric feeding tube" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000182.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000182.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutritional Support for People Who Are Dying or Severely Demented" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/nutritional-support-for-people-who-are-dying-or-have-severe-dementia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/apoyo-nutricional-para-personas-moribundas-o-con-demencia-grave">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="PEG tube insertion - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000900.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000900.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picc-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picc-lines.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripherally inserted central catheter - dressing change" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000462.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripherally inserted central catheter - flushing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripherally inserted central catheter - insertion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutritional Support" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nutritional+Support%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Total parenteral nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000177.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000177.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total parenteral nutrition - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007239.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007239.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tube Feeding" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/nutritional-support/tube-feeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/apoyo-nutricional/alimentaci%C3%B3n-por-sonda">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tube Feeding Troubleshooting Guide" url="https://cdn.ymaws.com/oley.org/resource/resmgr/docs/tf_troubleshooting_guide_19.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Oley Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tunneled Central Lines" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cv-catheters.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cv-catheters.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-peg" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-gastrostom%C3%ADa-endosc%C3%B3pica-percut%C3%A1nea">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Enteral Nutrition?" url="https://www.nutritioncare.org/About_Clinical_Nutrition/What_Is_Enteral_Nutrition_/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nutritioncare.org/About_Clinical_Nutrition/Que_es_la_Nutricion_Enteral/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Parenteral &amp; Enteral Nutrition</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Nutrition Support Therapy?" url="https://www.nutritioncare.org/About_Clinical_Nutrition/What_Is_Nutrition_Support_Therapy_/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Parenteral &amp; Enteral Nutrition</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La náusea es una sensación de malestar o de estómago revuelto junto a una urgencia de vomitar. Entérese sobre las causas del vómito y tratamientos." title="Náusea y vómitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="2048" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Regurgitación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las náuseas y los vómitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La náusea es cuando se siente mal del estómago, como si fuera a vomitar. Vomitar es cuando devuelve el contenido del estómago por la boca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de las náuseas y los vómitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las náuseas y los vómitos pueden ser síntomas de muchas afecciones diferentes, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Náuseas matutinas durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;Gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt; (infección de sus intestinos) y otras infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html"&gt;Migrañas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html"&gt;Mareo&lt;/a&gt; (cinetosis)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;Intoxicación alimentaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos, incluidos los de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt; para el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;Reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; (ERGE) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html"&gt;úlceras&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;Obstrucción intestinal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
	

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por náuseas y vómitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las náuseas y vómitos son comunes. Por lo general, no son serios. Sin embargo, debe comunicarse con su proveedor de atención médica de inmediato si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cree que su vómito es por envenenamiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha vomitado por más de 24 horas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Presenta sangre en el vómito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt; severo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza severo y rigidez en el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Presenta signos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;, como boca seca, micción poco frecuente u orina oscura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de las náuseas y vómitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de atención médica tomará su historia clínica, le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y le realizará un examen físico. El proveedor buscará signos de deshidratación. Es posible que deban hacerle algunas pruebas, incluyendo pruebas de sangre y orina. Las mujeres también pueden tener una prueba de embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las náuseas y vómitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos dependen de la causa. A usted pueden tratarle el problema que provoca las náuseas o vómitos. Existen algunos medicamentos que pueden tratar las náuseas y los vómitos. Para casos severos de vómitos, es posible que necesite líquidos adicionales por vía intravenosa (intravenosa).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay cosas que puede hacer para sentirse mejor:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tome suficientes líquidos para evitar la deshidratación: Si tiene problemas para retener líquidos, tome pequeñas cantidades de líquidos claros con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Coma alimentos blandos: No consuma comidas picantes, grasas o saladas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Coma comidas más pequeñas con más frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite los olores fuertes, ya que a veces pueden provocar náuseas y vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si está embarazada y tiene náuseas matutinas, coma galletas saladas antes de levantarse por la mañana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="489" language="English">Nausea and Vomiting</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html" id="1859">Enfermedades del sistema digestivo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vómito</see-reference>
<site title="Bebidas para prevenir la deshidratación cuando su hijo tiene vómitos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/drinks-to-prevent-dehydration-in-a-vomiting-child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Drinks-to-Prevent-Dehydration-in-a-Vomiting-Child.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando tenga náuseas y vómitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000122.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deshidratación (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta blanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta BRAT: Recuperación después de un malestar estomacal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dieta-brat-recuperacion-despues-de-un-malestar-estomacal/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/brat-diet-recovering-from-an-upset-stomach/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta de líquidos claros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indigestión" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/indigestion/symptoms-causes/syc-20352211?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/indigestion/symptoms-causes/syc-20352211?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos antieméticos: Medicamentos de venta libre para el alivio de las náuseas y los vómitos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-antiemeticos-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antiemetic-medicines-otc-relief-for-nausea-and-vomiting/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náusea y vómito" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/nausea-y-vomito/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/nausea-and-vomiting/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y acupresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002117.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómito" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-and-vomiting/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómito en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003117.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómito en lactantes y en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómitos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/nausea/basics/definition/SYM-20050736?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nausea/basics/definition/SYM-20050736?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de vómitos cíclicos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-vomitos-ciclicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vómito con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003118.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003118.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vomit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vomit.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos con sangre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/sym-20050732?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vomiting-blood/basics/definition/SYM-20050732?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos de bebés" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/infant-vomiting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Infant-Vomiting.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos y diarrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vomitos-y-diarrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vomiting-and-diarrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el vómito?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/puke.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/puke.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre las causas de la obesidad y conozca qué se puede hacer para disminuir el riesgo de problemas de salud." title="Obesidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Obesidad significa tener un exceso de grasa en el cuerpo. Se diferencia del sobrepeso, que significa pesar demasiado. El peso puede ser resultado de la masa muscular, los huesos, la grasa y/o el agua en el cuerpo. Ambos términos significan que el peso de una persona es mayor de lo que se considera saludable según su estatura.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La obesidad se presenta con el transcurso del tiempo, cuando se ingieren más calorías que aquellas que quema. El equilibrio entre la ingestión de calorías y las calorías que se pierden es diferente en cada persona. Entre los factores que pueden afectar su peso se incluyen la constitución genética, el exceso de comida, el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasas y la falta de actividad física.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de padecer diabetes, enfermedades cardiacas, derrames cerebrales, artritis y ciertos cánceres. Si usted está obeso, perder por lo menos de 5 a 10% de su peso puede retrasar o prevenir algunas de estas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, si usted pesa 200 libras, el 5 al 10% serían unas 10 a 20 libras.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61" language="English">Obesity</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html" id="3303">Cirugías para la obesidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html" id="4078">Obesidad en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html" id="5611">Peso corporal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gordura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sobrepeso</see-reference>
<site title="Bocadillos (snacks): 100 calorías o menos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/hundredcalories-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcule su índice de masa corporal" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugías para la obesidad: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades de la pérdida de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007297_62.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007297_2.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir alimentos más saludables: La clave está en la variedad" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/tip_choices_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lograr un peso saludable" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/pesosaludable.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/balance.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse activo independientemente del peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-mantenerse-activo-independientemente-peso" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/staying-active-at-any-size">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidades y obesidad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dormir con luz artificial se relaciona con la obesidad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dormir-con-luz-artificial-se-relaciona-con-la-obesidad">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eligiendo porciones más saludables" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/tip-portion-size-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En qué consisten el sobrepeso y la obesidad en adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/en-que-consisten-sobrepeso-obesidad-en-adultos?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/informacion-sobre-sobrepeso-obesidad-adultos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de obesidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-obesidad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obesity-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la pérdida de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000348_64.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000348_4.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Haga actividad física" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/actividadfisica.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber sobre los dispositivos médicos para adelgazar y para controlar el peso" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-debe-saber-sobre-los-dispositivos-medicos-para-la-perdida-y-el-control-del-peso">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber antes de comenzar un plan para bajar de peso" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-antes-de-comenzar-un-plan-para-bajar-de-peso/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/food-nutrition/weight-loss/what-you-should-know-before-you-start-a-weight-loss-plan.printerview.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para bajar de peso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000346.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007297.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/obesidad/hoja-informativa-obesidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad y el cáncer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/risk-factors/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/risk-factors/obesity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad y sobrepeso" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/obesidad-y-sobrepeso/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peso y obesidad" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-weight/weight-and-obesity">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de la obesidad para la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000348.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos para la salud por el sobrepeso y la obesidad" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/en-que-consisten-sobrepeso-obesidad-en-adultos/riesgos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud del hombre: Grasa abdominal no es un juego" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental/corporal: La obesidad" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/obesity/obesidad?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/obesity?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobrepeso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003101.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobrepeso y obesidad" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sobrepeso-y-obesidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobrepeso y obesidad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/obesity/informacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de hipoventilación y obesidad (SHO)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000085.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tener sobrepeso durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/tener-sobrepeso-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Podemos! incorporar estos consejos para comer bien y tener más actividad" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/tips-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Podemos!: Hacer que la actividad física sea divertida" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/activity-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el sobrepeso y la obesidad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/obesity/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Hay enfermedades o trastornos asociados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/obesity/informacion/preguntas-asociados">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el sobrepeso y la obesidad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/obesity/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué dice la medida de su cintura sobre su salud?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045809?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045809?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índice de masa corporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007196.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los niños? ¿Cómo ayudar a los niños a controlar el exceso de peso? Entérese aquí." title="Obesidad en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html" id="4078" language="Spanish" date-created="04/19/2005">
<also-called>Obesidad infantil</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; se caracteriza por la acumulación de grasa en el cuerpo. Se diferencia del sobrepeso, que significa pesar más de lo recomendado. Ambos términos significan que el peso de una persona está por encima de lo que se considera saludable según su estatura. Los niños crecen a distintas velocidades, por lo que no siempre es fácil saber cuándo un niño tiene sobrepeso u obesidad. Pídale a su proveedor de atención médica que examine si el peso y la estatura de su hijo se encuentran dentro de lo que se considera saludable.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si es necesario comenzar un programa para bajar de peso, involucre a toda la familia para que su hijo no se sienta solo. Fomente una alimentación saludable al:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Servir más frutas y vegetales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comprar menos gaseosas y meriendas altas en calorías y grasas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegurarse que su hijo tome su desayuno todos los días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No comer comida basura en forma frecuente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No usar la comida como un premio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; La actividad física también es muy importante.  Los niños necesitan unos 60 minutos diarios de actividad física, aunque no todos de una vez. Esta puede dividirse en períodos cortos y ser igual de productiva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html" id="4077" language="English">Obesity in Children</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" id="3084">Nutrición del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059">Obesidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html" id="5611">Peso corporal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescentes, Obesidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Obesidad, Chicos</see-reference>
<site title="2 a 20 años: Niñas percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l030.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c022.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="2 a 20 años: Niños percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c021.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abordar tus propios sentimientos cuando tienes sobrepeso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feelings-overweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feelings-overweight.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del índice de masa corporal para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/acerca_indice_masa_corporal_ninos_adolescentes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/bmi-categories.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprendamos sobre las calorías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/calorie.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda a tu hijo o hija a mantenerse en un peso saludable" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/obesidad/ayuda-tu-hijo-o-hija-mantenerse-peso-saludable" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/obesity/help-your-child-stay-healthy-weight">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculadora del percentil del IMC en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para bajar de peso: ¿Es una opción para los adolescentes?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/paginas/weight-loss-surgery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Pages/Weight-Loss-Surgery.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Curva de crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a su hijo a controlar el exceso de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/ayudar-su-hijo-controlar-exceso-peso" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/helping-your-child-who-is-overweight">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir alimentos más saludables: La clave está en la variedad" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/tip_choices_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo las familias encuentran el equilibrio: Un manual para los padres de familia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/parent_hb_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/parent_hb_en.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lograr un peso saludable" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/pesosaludable.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/balance.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Desgaste emocional de la obesidad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/paginas/the-emotional-toll-of-obesity.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/pages/The-Emotional-Toll-of-Obesity.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eligiendo porciones más saludables" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/tip-portion-size-sp.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de obesidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-obesidad/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obesity-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Haga actividad física" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/actividadfisica.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007508.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesidad infantil: Creencias erróneas comunes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Paginas/Childhood-Obesity-Common-Misconceptions.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/pages/Childhood-Obesity-Common-Misconceptions.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de peso en los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/problemas-de-peso-en-los-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobrepeso y la obesidad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/overweight-obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/overweight-obesity.html?ref=">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobrepeso y obesidad en la niñez" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sobrepeso-y-obesidad-en-la-ninez/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/child-healthy-weight/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostican el sobrepeso y la obesidad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/obesity/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/obesity/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué significa tener sobrepeso?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/overweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/overweight.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Read about the causes of obesity and find out what you can do to decrease your risk of its associated health issues." title="Obesity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61" language="English" date-created="12/11/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Obesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much.  The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water.  Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Obesity happens over time when you eat more calories than you use. The balance between calories-in and calories-out differs for each person. Factors that might affect your weight include your genetic makeup, overeating, eating high-fat foods, and not being physically active. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Obesity increases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers. If you have obesity, losing even 5 to 10% of your weight can delay or prevent some of these diseases. For example, that means losing 10 to 20 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059" language="Spanish">Obesidad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009765">Obesity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html" id="5610">Body Weight</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html" id="4077">Obesity in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html" id="3302">Weight Loss Surgery</related-topic>
<see-reference>Overweight</see-reference>
<site title="About Obesity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Obesity Prevalence Maps" url="https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/data-research/adult-obesity-prevalence-maps.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aim For a Healthy Weight" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/index.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/risk.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Balance Food and Activity" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/balance.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/pesosaludable.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Belly Fat in Men: Why Weight Loss Matters" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Belly Fat in Women: Taking -- and Keeping -- It off" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045809?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045809?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body mass index" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007196.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Mass Index Table" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmi_tbl.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calculate Your Body Mass Index" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Obesity" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Obesity%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital leptin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-leptin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing With Feelings When You're Overweight (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feelings-overweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feelings-overweight.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Interactive Atlas" url="https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/diabetes/DiabetesAtlas.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disability and Obesity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Obesity and Overweight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/obesity-overweight.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Obesity Medicine Clinician" url="https://obesitymedicine.org/about/find-a-provider/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Obesity Medicine Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health risks of obesity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000348.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/en-que-consisten-sobrepeso-obesidad-en-adultos/riesgos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Weight" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-weight">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leptin receptor deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leptin-receptor-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20375742?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/obesity" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/las-hormonas-y-la-obesidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/preparing-for-surgery/risks/obesity/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Anesthesiologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007297.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/obesity?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/obesity/obesidad?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/obesidad/hoja-informativa-obesidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity and Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/risk-factors/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/risk-factors/obesity.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity and Your Digestive Health" url="https://s3.gi.org/patients/obesity/pdfs/ACG_Obesity_Patient_Education_Pamphlet.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/obesity-hypoventilation-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000085.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity in Children: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obesity-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-obesidad/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overweight and Obesity Statistics" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/overweight-obesity">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Obesity: Know the Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy-and-obesity/art-20044409?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proopiomelanocortin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/proopiomelanocortin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Obesity%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Staying Active at Any Size" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/staying-active-at-any-size" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-mantenerse-activo-independientemente-peso">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Weight Loss Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000348_4.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000348_64.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Adult Overweight and Obesity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/en-que-consisten-sobrepeso-obesidad-en-adultos?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/informacion-sobre-sobrepeso-obesidad-adultos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Control: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007297_2.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007297_62.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss Surgery: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Management and Healthy Living Tips" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/healthy-living-tips">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Overweight and Obesity?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sobrepeso-y-obesidad">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Obesity in children is hard to spot because they all grow at different rates. Find a list of tips that can help you monitor your child's health." title="Obesity in Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html" id="4077" language="English" date-created="04/11/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt; means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height.  Children grow at different rates, so it isn't always easy to know when a child has obesity or is overweight. Ask your health care provider to check whether your child's weight and height are in a healthy range.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If a weight-loss program is necessary, involve the whole family in healthy habits so your child doesn't feel singled out.  Encourage healthy eating by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Serving more fruits and vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Buying fewer soft drinks and high-fat, high-calorie snack foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making sure your child eats breakfast every day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating fast food less often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not using food as a reward&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Physical activity is also very important. Kids need about 60 minutes each day. It does not have to happen all at once. Several short periods of activity during the day are just as good.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html" id="4078" language="Spanish">Obesidad en niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063766">Pediatric Obesity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009765">Obesity</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html" id="5610">Body Weight</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083">Child Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html" id="6907">High Cholesterol in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61">Obesity</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>Childhood Obesity</see-reference>
<site title="Balance Food and Activity" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/balance.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/pesosaludable.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Child and Teen BMI Calculator Widget" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Teen BMI Categories" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/bmi-categories.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/acerca_indice_masa_corporal_ninos_adolescentes.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Obesity Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/data-research/childhood-obesity-facts.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Obesity in Children" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=obesity&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing With Feelings When You're Overweight (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feelings-overweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feelings-overweight.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emotional Toll of Obesity" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/pages/The-Emotional-Toll-of-Obesity.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/paginas/the-emotional-toll-of-obesity.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Families Finding the Balance: A Parent Handbook" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/parent_hb_en.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/parent_hb_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Obesity and Overweight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/obesity-overweight.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth chart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help Your Child Stay at a Healthy Weight" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/obesity/help-your-child-stay-healthy-weight" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/obesidad/ayuda-tu-hijo-o-hija-mantenerse-peso-saludable">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Your Child Achieve a Healthy Weight" url="https://familydoctor.org/child-healthy-weight/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sobrepeso-y-obesidad-en-la-ninez/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Your Child Who Is Overweight" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/helping-your-child-who-is-overweight" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/ayudar-su-hijo-controlar-exceso-peso">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Are Obesity and Overweight Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/obesity/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/obesity/informacion/diagnostican">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007508.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity Prevention: AAP Policy Explained" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Pages/obesity-prevention-aap-policy-explained.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obesity Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obesity-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-obesidad/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overweight and Obesity (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/overweight-obesity.html?ref=" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/overweight-obesity.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proopiomelanocortin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/proopiomelanocortin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity in Children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pediatric+Obesity%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Obesity%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles: Boys, 2 to 20 Years" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l021.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles: Girls 2 to 20 Years" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c022.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l030.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Control: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss Surgery: An Option for Teens?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Pages/Weight-Loss-Surgery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/paginas/weight-loss-surgery.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Management and Healthy Living Tips" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/healthy-living-tips">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Being Overweight Means (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/overweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/overweight.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Se enterró una astilla en el dedo o le entró polvo al ojo? Eso es tener un objeto extraño en el cuerpo. No es grave, pero puede necesitar atención médica." title="Objetos extraños en el cuerpo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foreignbodies.html" id="5608" language="Spanish" date-created="08/26/2010">
<also-called>Cuerpo extraño en la piel</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si alguna vez se le ha incrustado una astilla o tuvo arena en el ojo, usted sabe qué es tener un objeto extraño en alguna parte de su cuerpo. Un objeto extraño es algo que se ha quedado atascado dentro suyo pero no debería estar allí. Usted puede inhalar o tragar un objeto extraño o puede tener uno por una lesión en cualquier parte de su cuerpo. Los objetos extraños son más comunes en los niños, quienes a veces se ponen cosas en la boca, las orejas y nariz. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos objetos extraños, como una pequeña astilla, no causan daños graves. Respirar o tragar objetos extraños puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html"&gt;asfixia&lt;/a&gt; u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;obstrucción intestinal&lt;/a&gt; y pueden requerir atención médica. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foreignbodies.html" id="5607" language="English">Foreign Bodies</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html" id="1818">Atragantamiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html" id="3859">Heridas y lesiones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html" id="1906">Primeros auxilios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safety.html" id="2131">Seguridad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html" id="1813">Seguridad del niño</related-topic>
<site title="Astillas y otros cuerpos extraños en la piel" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/splinters-and-other-foreign-bodies-in-the-skin.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Splinters-and-Other-Foreign-Bodies-in-the-Skin.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bezoar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001582.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuerpo extraño en el ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002084.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuerpo extraño en el ojo: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid/basics/art-20056645?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid/basics/ART-20056645?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuerpo extraño en la nariz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000037.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de astillas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002137.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de un anzuelo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000055.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heridas por punción" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingestión de objetos extraños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000036.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhalación de objetos extraños (en niños)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007738.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007738.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Objeto extraño en el oído: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid/basics/art-20056709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid/basics/ART-20056709?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Objetos extraños en el recto" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-anales-y-rectales/objetos-extra%C3%B1os-en-el-recto" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/foreign-objects-in-the-rectum">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pilas de botón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002764.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suffer from frequent, upsetting thoughts called obsessions. Read about the treatments available." title="Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html" id="471" language="English" date-created="01/10/2000">
<also-called>OCD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorder&lt;/a&gt; in which you have thoughts (obsessions) and rituals (compulsions) over and over. They interfere with your life, but you cannot control or stop them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, and your environment may play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) usually begins when you are a teen or young adult. Boys often develop OCD at a younger age than girls.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Risk factors for OCD include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history.&lt;/strong&gt; People with a first-degree relative (such as a parent, sibling, or child) who has OCD are at higher risk. This is especially true if the relative developed OCD as a child or teen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brain structure and functioning.&lt;/strong&gt; Imaging studies have shown that people with OCD have differences in certain parts of the brain. Researchers need to do more studies to understand the connection between the brain differences and OCD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Childhood trauma,&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;child abuse&lt;/a&gt;. Some studies have found a link between trauma in childhood and OCD. More research is needed to understand this relationship better.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, children may develop OCD or OCD symptoms following a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;streptococcal infection&lt;/a&gt;. This is called Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with OCD may have symptoms of obsessions, compulsions, or both:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Obsessions&lt;/strong&gt; are repeated thoughts, urges, or mental images that cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;. They may involve things such as
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fear of germs or contamination&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fear of losing or misplacing something&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Worries about harm coming towards yourself or others&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Unwanted forbidden thoughts involving sex or religion&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Aggressive thoughts towards yourself or others&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Needing things lined up exactly or arranged in a particular, precise way&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Compulsions&lt;/strong&gt; are behaviors that you feel like you need to do over and over to try to reduce your anxiety or stop the obsessive thoughts. Some common compulsions include
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Excessive cleaning and/or handwashing&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Repeatedly checking on things, such as whether the door is locked or the oven is off&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Compulsive counting&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ordering and arranging things in a particular, precise way&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with OCD also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html"&gt;Tourette syndrome&lt;/a&gt; or another tic disorder. Tics are sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that people do over and over. People who have tics cannot stop their body from doing these things.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first step is to talk with your health care provider about your symptoms. It's important to check whether a physical problem is causing your symptoms. So your provider will do a physical exam and will ask you about your medical history. If  your symptoms do not seem to be caused by a physical problem, your provider may do an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd-test/"&gt;OCD test&lt;/a&gt; or may refer you to a mental health specialist for further evaluation or treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can sometimes be hard to diagnose. Its symptoms are like those of other mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders. It is also possible to have both OCD and another mental disorder.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Not everyone who has obsessions or compulsions has OCD. Your symptoms would usually be considered OCD when you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can't control your thoughts or behaviors, even when you know that they are excessive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spend at least 1 hour a day on these thoughts or behaviors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't get pleasure when performing the behaviors. But doing them may briefly give you relief from the anxiety.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have significant problems in your daily life because of these thoughts or behaviors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are cognitive behavioral therapy, medicines, or both:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cognitive behavioral therapy&lt;/strong&gt; (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy. It teaches you different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to your obsessions and compulsions. 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)&lt;/strong&gt; s a specific type of CBT. ERP involves gradually exposing you to your fears or obsessions. You learn healthy ways to deal with the anxiety they cause.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; for OCD include certain types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;. If those don't work for you, your provider may suggest taking some other type of psychiatric medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have severe OCD that does not get better with these treatments, your provider may suggest a treatment called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It is a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves. It can target specific brain areas associated with OCD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
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<health-topic meta-desc="La obstrucción intestinal puede tener muchas causas. Entérese sobre los síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamientos de la oclusión intestinal." title="Obstrucción intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5276" language="Spanish" date-created="10/21/2009">
<also-called>Oclusión intestinal</also-called>
<also-called>Seudoobstrucción intestinal</also-called>
<also-called>Vólvulo intestinal</also-called>
<also-called>Íleo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una obstrucción intestinal ocurre cuando la comida o las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html"&gt;heces&lt;/a&gt; no pueden salir del intestino. La obstrucción puede ser completa o parcial. Hay muchas causas. Las más comunes son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adhesions.html"&gt;adherencias&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hernia.html"&gt;hernias&lt;/a&gt;, cánceres y algunas medicinas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor abdominal severo o retorcijones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gases fuertes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón del vientre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Incapacidad para eliminar gases &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una obstrucción intestinal completa es una emergencia médica. En general, se necesita cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Amilasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Colectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/colectomy/about/pac-20384631?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/colectomy/about/pac-20384631?p=1">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Enfermedad de Hirschsprung" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intususcepción" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/intususcepcion-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Invaginación intestinal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intussusception.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intussusception.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Invaginación intestinal en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia intestinal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia mesentérica aguda" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/urgencias-gastrointestinales/isquemia-mesent%C3%A9rica-aguda" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastrointestinal-emergencies/acute-mesenteric-ischemia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malrotación intestinal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/malrotation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/malrotation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción e íleo intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000260.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción intestinal" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/urgencias-gastrointestinales/obstrucci%C3%B3n-intestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastrointestinal-emergencies/intestinal-obstruction">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción intestinal (pediátrica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100165_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100165_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción intestinal relacionada con el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/obstruccion-intestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/bowel-obstruction">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas anatómicos de la parte inferior del aparato digestivo" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/problemas-anatomicos-parte-inferior-del-aparato-digestivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de obstrucción intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100116_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100116_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de obstrucción intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002927.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección de intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100039_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100039_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002943.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudoobstrucción intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000253.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vólvulo en la infancia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000985.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000985.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Íleo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/urgencias-gastrointestinales/%C3%ADleo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastrointestinal-emergencies/ileus">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Occupational health problems vary from broken bones to vision problems. Take the following precautions to ensure safety on the job." title="Occupational Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html" id="347" language="English" date-created="02/03/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Occupational health problems occur at work or because of the kind of work you do. These problems can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuts, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html"&gt;Loss of limbs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repetitive motion disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Hearing problems&lt;/a&gt; caused by exposure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html"&gt;noise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Illness caused by breathing, touching, or swallowing unsafe substances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Illness caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;exposure to radiation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to germs in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html"&gt;health care settings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Good job safety and prevention practices can reduce your risk of these problems. Try to stay fit, reduce stress, set up your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html"&gt;work area&lt;/a&gt; properly, and use the right equipment and gear.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html" id="2061" language="Spanish">Salud ocupacional</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000062">Accidents, Occupational</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073397">Occupational Stress</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D060051">Occupational Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009784">Occupational Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016273">Occupational Exposure</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="179">Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html" id="3397">Ergonomics</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html" id="3644">Occupational Health for Health Care Providers</related-topic>
<see-reference>Employee Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Occupational Injuries</see-reference>
<site title="About Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/cwhsp/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Health: Discover if You're at Risk of Job Burnout" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back pain - returning to work" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biological Agents" url="https://www.osha.gov/biological-agents">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Byssinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001089.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Accidents, Occupational" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Accidents,+Occupational%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Occupational Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Occupational+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Occupational Exposure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Occupational+Exposure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Occupational Stress" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Occupational+Stress%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coal worker's pneumoconiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Desks" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/desks">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do You Have Work-Related Asthma? A Guide for You and Your Doctor" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3707.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Controlling Asthma at Work" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/managing-asthma/workplace">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Hazard Evaluations" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/hhe/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Stress and Workers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/heat-stress/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Protect Yourself from Job-Related Skin Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/skin-problems-how-to-protect-yourself-from-job-related-skin-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/proteccion-de-la-piel-en-el-ambiente-de-trabajo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypersensitivity pneumonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Industrial bronchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000072.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Noise and Hearing Loss" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/topics/oido.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000110.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational hearing loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Injuries, Illnesses and Fatalities" url="https://www.bls.gov/iif/home.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Noise Exposure" url="https://www.osha.gov/noise">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Respiratory Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/occupational-respiratory-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-respiratoria-ocupacional-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration" url="https://www.osha.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.osha.gov/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and work" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Heat-Related Illness or Death of Outdoor Workers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2013-143/pdfs/2013-143.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protect Yourself: Respirators" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/respirators.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Occupational health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Occupational+Stress%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Accidents%2C+Occupational%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Occupational+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Occupational+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Occupational+Exposure%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repetitive Motion Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/repetitive-motion-disorders">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000137.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Agricultural Health and Safety" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/agricultural-health-and-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs of Unhealthy Indoor Air" url="https://www.lung.org/clean-air/indoor-air/signs-unhealthy-indoor-air">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000134.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Exposures and Effects in the Workplace" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="State Occupational Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities" url="https://www.bls.gov/iif/state-data.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suspension Trauma / Orthostatic Intolerance" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/shib032404.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Working in the Cold" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/cold-stress/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Workplace Safety and Health Topics: Industries and Occupations" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/industries.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Workplace Safety and Health Topics: Safety and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/safety.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Workplace Violence" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/factsheet-workplace-violence.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/factsheet-workplace-violence-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Healthcare workers are exposed to many hazards. Ensure that you have an occupational health plan for your healthcare providers with following tips." title="Occupational Health for Health Care Providers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html" id="3644" language="English" date-created="12/02/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Health care workers are exposed to many job hazards. These can include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Needle injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Back injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Allergy-causing substances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Violence&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Stress&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Follow good job safety and injury prevention practices. They can reduce your risk of health problems. Use protective equipment, follow &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html"&gt;infection control&lt;/a&gt; guidelines, learn the right way to lift heavy objects, and find ways to manage stress. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html" id="3645" language="Spanish">Salud ocupacional de proveedores de salud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006281">Health Occupations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016272">Occupational Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016273">Occupational Exposure</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" id="3040">Infection Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html" id="1439">Latex Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html" id="347">Occupational Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood-Borne Pathogens</see-reference>
<site title="Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention" url="https://www.osha.gov/bloodborne-pathogens">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infection Control" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22infection+control%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=nosocomial+infections&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Occupational Exposure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Occupational+Exposure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exposure to Stress: Occupational Hazards in Hospitals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-136/pdfs/2008-136.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hazardous Drugs" url="https://www.osha.gov/hazardous-drugs">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthcare" url="https://www.osha.gov/healthcare">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B Vaccination Protection" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/bbfact05.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIV and Occupational Exposure" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/workplace/healthcareworkers.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospital-Wide Hazards" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/hospitals/hospital-wide-hazards">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospital-Wide Hazards: Biological Hazards -- Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/hospitals/hospital-wide-hazards/biological-hazards">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospital-Wide Hazards: Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/hospitals/hospital-wide-hazards/work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hospital-Wide Hazards: Workplace Violence" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/hospitals/hospital-wide-hazards/workplace-violence">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="List of Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Healthcare Settings, 2016" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-161/default.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Exposure to HIV: Advice for Health Care Workers" url="https://familydoctor.org/occupational-exposure-to-hiv-advice-for-health-care-workers/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medidas-de-seguridad-de-trabajadores-medicos-frente-al-vih/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration" url="https://www.osha.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.osha.gov/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personal protective equipment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational Health for Health Care Providers" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28+%22Occupational+Health%22%5Bmajr%5D+OR+%22Occupational+Exposure%22%5Bmajr%5D+%29+AND+%22Health+Occupations%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions about Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/questions-about-personal-protective-equipment-ppe">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recommended Vaccines for Healthcare Workers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/hcw.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safe Patient Handling" url="https://www.osha.gov/healthcare/safe-patient-handling">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention for Healthcare Workers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-123/default.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-123_sp/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Suite" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/hospitals/surgical-suite">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Worker Safety in Hospitals" url="https://www.osha.gov/hospitals">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Read about the environmental and economic effects of oil spills." title="Oil Spills" url="https://medlineplus.gov/oilspills.html" id="5554" language="English" date-created="06/21/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Oil spills often happen because of accidents, when people make mistakes or equipment breaks down. Other causes include natural disasters or deliberate acts.  Oil spills have major environmental and economic effects.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Oil spills can also &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/environmentalhealth.html"&gt;affect human health&lt;/a&gt;. These effects can depend on what kind of oil was spilled and where (on land, in a river, or in the ocean). Other factors include what kind of exposure and how much exposure there was. People who clean up the spill are more at risk. Problems could include skin and eye irritation, neurologic and breathing problems, and stress. Not much is known about the long-term effects of oil spills. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oilspills.html" id="5555" language="Spanish">Derrame de petróleo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059392">Petroleum Pollution</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oilspills.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Gulf Oil Spill</see-reference>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="GuLF Study: The Gulf Long-Term Follow-Up Study" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs/epi/studies/gulfstudy">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oil Spills" url="https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oil Spills" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Petroleum+Pollution%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH): ToxFAQs" url="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=423&amp;toxid=75" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts123.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Older adult health deals with changes as we age. Having a healthy lifestyle helps you deal with changes in your body and mind to make the most of life." title="Older Adult Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21" language="English" date-created="07/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;People in the U.S. are living longer than ever before. Many older adults live active and healthy lives. But there's no getting around one thing: as we age, our bodies and minds change. You need to know what to expect. Some changes may just be part of normal aging, while others may be a warning sign of a medical problem. It is important to know the difference, and to let your health care provider know if you have any concerns.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyaging.html"&gt;healthy lifestyle&lt;/a&gt; can help you to deal with normal aging changes and make the most of your life. This includes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;healthy eating&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;, and making &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html"&gt;mental health&lt;/a&gt; a priority.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142" language="Spanish">Salud de las personas mayores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000375">Aging</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">National Institute on Aging</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html" id="4151">Advance Directives</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedliving.html" id="1646">Assisted Living</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html" id="610">Caregivers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html" id="496">End of Life Issues</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1530">Exercise for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyaging.html" id="5704">Healthy Aging</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html" id="1659">Home Care Services</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicare.html" id="1257">Medicare</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html" id="1354">Nursing Homes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="1616">Nutrition for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7427">Older Adult Mental Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aging</see-reference>
<site title="15 Tips to Keep Your Bladder Healthy" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/bladder-health-and-incontinence/15-tips-keep-your-bladder-healthy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="AAAs (Area Agencies on Aging) &amp; Title VI Aging Programs" url="https://www.usaging.org/aaastitlevi">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>USAging</organization>
</site>
<site title="Age-related hearing loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001045.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging and Your Eyes" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in body shape" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003998.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in hair and nails" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004005.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in hormone production" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004000.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in immunity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004008.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004014.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in sleep" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004018.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the bones - muscles - joints" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004015.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the face" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004004.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the female reproductive system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004016.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the heart and blood vessels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004006.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the kidneys" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004010.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the lungs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004011.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the male reproductive system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in the senses" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004013.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging changes in vital signs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004019.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging: What to Expect" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/aging/art-20046070?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/aging/art-20046070?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="AGS Health in Aging Foundation" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Geriatrics Society" url="https://www.americangeriatrics.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Geriatrics Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="As You Age: You and Your Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/tips-seniors/you-age-you-and-your-medicines">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Health" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Changes in the Body with Aging" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/older-people%E2%80%99s-health-issues/the-aging-body/changes-in-the-body-with-aging" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-de-las-personas-de-edad-avanzada/envejecimiento-del-organismo/cambios-corporales-relacionados-con-el-envejecimiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complementary Remedies" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/medications-older-adults/complementary-remedies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Does an Older Adult in Your Life Need Help?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/caregiving/does-older-adult-your-life-need-help">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Easy Bruising: Why Does It Happen" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare Locator" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/index.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercising with Chronic Conditions" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/exercising-chronic-conditions" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/hacer-ejercicio-enfermedades-cronicas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Older Persons' Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/older-american-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Geriatric Syndromes: Common and Often Related Medical Conditions in Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-guide-geriatric-syndromes-common-and-often-related-medical-conditions">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Geriatrics Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Health Care" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/age-friendly-healthcare-you/care-settings/home-health-care">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Housing Options for Seniors" url="https://familydoctor.org/housing-options-for-seniors/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/opciones-de-alojamiento-para-personas-de-la-tercera-edad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do You Know When It's Time to Give up the Keys?" url="https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/news%202017-03/HealthyLivingTips_GiveUptheKeys.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Smell and Taste Change as You Age" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/how-smell-and-taste-change-you-age" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/boca/como-cambian-sentidos-olfato-sabor-medida-envejece">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Does It Slow Aging?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Neglect and Self-Neglect" url="https://www.napsa-now.org/neglect-and-self-neglect/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Adult Protective Services Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Multiple Health Problems: What Older Adults Should Know" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-living-multiple-health-problems-what-older-adults-should-know">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Care and Appointments" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/publicaciones/conversando-su-medico">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIHSeniorHealth" url="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmk21KJuZUM7QTtz_jxNFdXRKi2JJEiIV">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition for Seniors: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforseniors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforseniors.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Adult Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Adults and Oral Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Older Americans 2020: Key Indicators of Well-Being" url="https://agingstats.gov/data.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Adult Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aging%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe Sex for Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-safe-sex-older-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safe Travel Tips for Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-safe-travel-tips-older-adults">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexuality and Intimacy in Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/sexuality-and-intimacy-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/sexualidad/sexualidad-edad-avanzada">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Aging: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking Medicines Safely As You Age" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medicines-and-medication-management/taking-medicines-safely-you-age" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/medicinas/adultos-mayores-uso-seguro-medicamentos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking the Pedal Off the Metal: When Should Older Adults Stop Driving?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/10/taking-pedal-metal" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dejar-de-apretar-el-acelerador">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ten Warning Signs Your Older Family Member May Need Help" url="https://eldercare.acl.gov/Public/Resources/Factsheets/Ten_Warning_Signs.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Therapy: Potential Benefits and Risks as You Age" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Aging Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/health-pdfs/AgingAndEyeHealth_Tagged.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Good Health in Later Life for Older Men" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-good-health-later-life-older-men">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Walking for Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-walking-older-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Prostate Changes: A Health Guide for Men" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Well-Aged Mind: Maintaining Your Cognitive Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Older adult mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being as we age. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life and aging. Learn more." title="Older Adult Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7427" language="English" date-created="05/04/2020">
<also-called>Senior mental health</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, including as we age.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many older adults are at risk for mental health problems. But this does not mean that mental health problems are a normal part of aging. Studies show that most older adults feel satisfied with their lives, even though they may have more illnesses or physical problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, however, important life changes can make you feel uneasy, stressed, and sad. These changes could include the death of a loved one, retirement, or dealing with a serious illness. Many older adults will eventually adjust to the changes. But some people will have more trouble adjusting. This can put them at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorders&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's important to recognize and treat mental disorders in older adults. These disorders don't just cause mental suffering. They can also make it harder for you to manage other health problems. This is especially true if those health problems are chronic.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the warning signs of mental disorders in older adults include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in mood or energy level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in your eating or sleeping habits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Withdrawing from the people and activities you enjoy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, angry, upset, worried, or scared&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling numb or like nothing matters&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having unexplained aches and pains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling sadness or hopelessness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anger, irritability, or aggressiveness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having thoughts and memories that you can't get out of your head&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hearing voices or believing things that are not true&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinking of harming yourself or others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think that you may have a mental health problem, get help. Talk therapy and/or medicines can treat mental disorders. If you don't know where to start, contact your primary care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7428" language="Spanish">Salud mental de las personas mayores</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008603">Mental Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35">Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21">Older Adult Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Emotional Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mental Health, Older Adults</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seniors' Mental Health</see-reference>
<site title="10 Warning Signs Your Older Family Member May Need Help" url="https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/news%202017-03/10_Warning_Signs_Your_Older_Family_Member_May_Need_Help.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Administration for Community Living</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging Veterans and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/aging_veterans.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/aging_veterans_sp.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/anxiety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Older Adult Mental Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22mental+disorders%22&amp;term=%22older+adult%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:older,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Older Adult Mental Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22mental+health%22+%22older+adult%22&amp;aggFilters=ages:older,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Aging" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging/about/depression-aging.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression in older adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001521.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Easing Depression in Older Adult" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/easing-depression-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviar-la-depresion-en-adultos-mayores">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Geriatric Psychiatrist" url="https://aagponline.app.neoncrm.com/np/clients/aagponline/publicaccess/membershipDirectory.do?md=2&amp;">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Loneliness and Social Isolation -- Tips for Staying Connected" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/loneliness-and-social-isolation/loneliness-and-social-isolation-tips-staying-connected" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/soledad-aislamiento-social/soledad-aislamiento-social-consejos-mantenerse-conectado">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health of Older Adults" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Adults and Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/older-adults-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Suicide in Older Adults" url="https://www.mhanational.org/preventing-suicide-older-adults">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Adult Mental Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mental+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+aged+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Social Isolation, Loneliness in Older People Pose Health Risks" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/social-isolation-loneliness-older-people-pose-health-risks">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Opioid overdose leads to slowing or stopping of breathing and sometimes death. You can take steps to help prevent an overdose, and respond to one with naloxone." title="Opioid Overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html" id="7109" language="English" date-created="08/27/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html"&gt;heroin&lt;/a&gt; is also an opioid.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, people who take opioids are at risk for &lt;a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431"&gt;opioid use disorder (OUD)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;overdose&lt;/a&gt;. These risks increase when these medicines are misused. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;Misuse&lt;/a&gt; can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is an opioid overdose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioids affect the part of the brain that regulates breathing. When people take high doses of opioids, it can lead to an overdose, with the slowing or stopping of breathing and sometimes death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes an opioid overdose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An opioid overdose can happen for a variety of reasons, including if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take an opioid to get high.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take an extra dose of a prescription opioid or take it too often (either accidentally or on purpose).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mix an opioid with other medicines, illegal drugs, or alcohol. An overdose can be fatal when mixing an opioid and certain anxiety treatment medicines, such as Xanax or Valium.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take an opioid medicine that was prescribed for someone else. Children are especially at risk of an accidental overdose if they take medicine not intended for them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also a risk of overdose if you are getting medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). MOUD is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html"&gt;treatment for OUD&lt;/a&gt;. Many of the medicines used for MOUD are also controlled substances that can be misused.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk of an opioid overdose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone who takes an opioid can be at risk of an overdose, but you are at higher risk if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take illegal opioids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take more opioid medicine than you are prescribed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Combine opioids with other medicines and/or alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain medical conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;, or reduced &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney &lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt; function&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are over 65 years old&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs of an opioid overdose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The signs of an opioid overdose include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Very small pupils of the eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falling asleep or loss of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slow, shallow breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choking or gurgling sounds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limp body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pale, blue, or cold skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Faint heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Purple lips and fingernails&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should I do if I think that someone is having an opioid overdose?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you think someone is having an opioid overdose:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Call 911 immediately&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Give the person naloxone, if it is available. Naloxone is a safe medication that can quickly stop an opioid overdose. There are two forms. One is a nasal spray that you spray info the nose. The other type is injected into the muscle under the skin, or into the veins. Naloxone  works by blocking the effects of the opioids on the body. It's important to read the product instructions and check the expiration date before you give it to someone.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Try to keep the person awake and breathing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lay the person on their side to prevent choking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stay with the person until emergency workers arrive.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Naloxone won't harm someone if they're overdosing on drugs other than opioids, so it's best to use it if you think someone is overdosing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can an opioid overdose be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are taking opioid pain medicine, there are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html"&gt;steps you can take&lt;/a&gt; to help prevent an opioid overdose:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take your medicine exactly as prescribed by your provider. Do not take more medicine at once or take medicine more often than you are supposed to.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Never mix the pain medicines with alcohol, sleeping pills, or illegal substances.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Store your medicine safely where children or pets can't reach it. Consider using a medicine lockbox. Besides keeping children safe, it also prevents someone who lives with you or visits your house from stealing your medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dispose of unused medicine promptly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is also important to teach your family and friends how to respond to an overdose. If you are at higher risk of an overdose, you will want get naloxone and carry it with you wherever you go. You can buy naloxone at a pharmacy.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html" id="7110" language="Spanish">Sobredosis de opioides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009293">Opioid-Related Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D062787">Drug Overdose</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000083682">Opiate Overdose</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidoverdose.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7129">Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="1706">Prescription Drug Misuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html" id="7127">Safe Opioid Use</related-topic>
<site title="Access to Naloxone Can Save a Life during an Opioid Overdose" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/access-naloxone-can-save-life-during-opioid-overdose" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tener-naloxona-la-mano-puede-salvar-una-vida-durante-una-sobredosis-de-opioides">
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</site>
<site title="Acetaminophen and codeine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002562.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Opioid Overdose" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=opioid+overdose&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Codeine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002613.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Commonly Used Terms for Opioids and Drug Overdose" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/glossary/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/spanish/opioids/terminos.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Drug Overdoses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-overdoses.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heroin overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002861.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Naloxone Reverses Opioid Overdoses (and Why It's Important To Have on Hand!)" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-naloxone-reverses-opioid-overdoses-and-why-its-important-to-have-on-hand" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-revierte-la-naloxona-el-efecto-de-las-sobredosis-de-opioides-y-por-que-es-importante-tenerla-a-la-mano">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Naloxone Saves Lives in Opioid Overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocodone and acetaminophen overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002670.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocodone/oxycodone overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007285.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydromorphone overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002633.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medications for Opioid Overdose, Withdrawal, and Addiction" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids/medications-opioid-overdose-withdrawal-addiction-infographic" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/trends-statistics/infographics/medications-opioid-overdose-withdrawal-addiction">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methadone overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002679.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morphine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002502.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Naloxone DrugFacts" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/naloxone" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/naloxona">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioid addiction: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/opioid-addiction">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Overdose" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit: Recovering From Opioid Overdose" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/recovering-from-opioid-overdose.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioids" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/los-opioides">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Opioid Overdose" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ore/pdf/cdc_dop_hcp_preventing-opioid-overdose-tip-card_spanish_508.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing, Recognizing, and Treating Opioid Overdose" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/opioid-overdose">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Overdose" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opiate+Overdose%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%28+%22Opioid-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Drug+Overdose%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/overdose-prevention-response-kit-pep23-03-00-001.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/overdose-prevention-response-kit-pep23-03-00-001.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to Know About Fentanyl and Using Naloxone for Opioid Overdose" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Pages/what-parents-need-to-know-about-naloxone-for-opioid-overdose.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/paginas/what-parents-need-to-know-about-naloxone-for-opioid-overdose.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious problem. Treatments include medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and counseling." title="Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7129" language="English" date-created="08/27/2018">
<also-called>Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)</also-called>
<also-called>Opioid abuse and addiction treatment</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug heroin is also an opioid.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some health care providers prescribe them for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, &lt;a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431"&gt;opioid use disorder (OUD)&lt;/a&gt; is still a possible risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is opioid use disorder (OUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioid use disorder (OUD) means that you have a problematic pattern of using opioids. The pattern causes a lot of distress and impairment (meaning that it causes problems in and interferes with your daily life). Instead of OUD, sometimes people use the terms "opioid dependence" and "opioid addiction." Dependence means feeling withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes a person to compulsively seek out drugs, even though they cause harm. &lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for OUD include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines; this kind of treatment is known as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Counseling and behavioral therapies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Residential and hospital-based treatment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which medicines treat opioid opioid use disorder (OUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The medicines used in MOUD are methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methadone, buprenorphine, and lofexidine,&lt;/strong&gt; which can decrease withdrawal symptoms and cravings. They work by acting on one or another of the targets in the brain that opioids act on. But these medicines are different because they do not make you feel high. Some people worry that if they take methadone or buprenorphine, it means that they are substituting one addiction for another. But it is not; these medicines are a treatment. They restore balance to the parts of the brain affected by addiction. This allows your brain to heal while you work toward recovery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may safely take these medicines for months, years, or even a lifetime. If you want to stop taking them, do not do it on your own. You should contact your provider first, and together you can work out a plan for stopping.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Naltrexone&lt;/strong&gt; works differently than methadone and buprenorphine. It does not help you with withdrawal symptoms or cravings. Instead, it takes away the high that you would normally get when you take opioids. Because of this, you would take naltrexone to prevent a relapse, not to try to get off opioids. You have to be off opioids for at least 7-10 days before you can take naltrexone. Otherwise you could have bad withdrawal symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;combination drug&lt;/strong&gt; that includes buprenorphine and naloxone. Naloxone is a drug to treat an opioid overdose. If you take it along with buprenorphine, you will be less likely to misuse the buprenorphine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does counseling help treat opioid use disorder (OUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Counseling for OUD can help you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Change your attitudes and behaviors related to drug use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Build healthy life skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stick with other forms of treatment, such as medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of counseling for OUD, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Individual counseling&lt;/strong&gt;, which may include setting goals, talking about setbacks, and celebrating progress. You may also talk about legal concerns and family problems. Counseling often includes specific behavioral therapies, such as&lt;/li&gt; 
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cognitive-behavioral therapy&lt;/strong&gt; (CBT), which helps you recognize and stop negative patterns of thinking and behavior. It teaches you coping skills, including how to manage stress and change the thoughts that cause you to want to misuse opioids.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational enhancement therapy&lt;/strong&gt;, which helps you build up motivation to stick with your treatment plan.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contingency management&lt;/strong&gt;, which focuses on giving you incentives for positive behaviors such as staying off the opioids.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Group counseling&lt;/strong&gt;, which can help you feel that you are not alone with your issues. You get a chance to hear about the difficulties and successes of others who have the same challenges. This can help you learn new strategies for dealing with the situations you may come across.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family counseling&lt;/strong&gt;, which includes partners or spouses and other family members who are close to you. It can help to repair and improve your family relationships.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Counselors can also refer you to other resources that you might need, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peer support groups, including 12-step programs like Narcotics Anonymous&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spiritual and faith-based groups&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/"&gt;HIV testing&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/"&gt;hepatitis screening&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Case or care management&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Employment or educational supports&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organizations that help you find housing or transportation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are residential and hospital-based treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Residential programs combine housing and treatment services. You are living with your peers, and you can support each other to stay in recovery. Inpatient hospital-based programs combine health care and OUD treatment services for people with medical problems. Hospitals may also offer intensive outpatient treatment. All these types of treatments are very structured, and usually include several different kinds of counseling and behavioral therapies. They usually also include MOUD.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7130" language="Spanish">Tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009293">Opioid-Related Disorders</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000188">drug therapy</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009293">Opioid-Related Disorders</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000534">rehabilitation</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html" id="7109">Opioid Overdose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="1706">Prescription Drug Misuse</related-topic>
<see-reference>Opioid Abuse and Addiction Treatment</see-reference>
<site title="'I Choose To Climb Instead of Fall': One Woman's Story of Opioid Use Disorder and Joining an NIH Clinical Trial" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/i-choose-to-climb-instead-of-fall" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/eligi-subir-en-lugar-de-caer">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Buprenorphine" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/buprenorphine">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Medication-Assisted Treatment" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=opioid&amp;intr=MAT+OR+%22medication+assisted+treatment%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Commonly Used Terms for Opioids and Drug Overdose" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/glossary/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/spanish/opioids/terminos.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Buprenorphine for Treatment of Opioid Addiction" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/product/facts-about-buprenorphine-treatment-opioid-addiction/sma15-4442" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma10-4442spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Naloxone Saves Lives in Opioid Overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Information about Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD)" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/information-about-medications-opioid-use-disorder-moud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Pain: Moving Beyond Opioids" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/10/managing-pain" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-del-dolor">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications for Opioid Overdose, Withdrawal, and Addiction" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids/medications-opioid-overdose-withdrawal-addiction-infographic" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/trends-statistics/infographics/medications-opioid-overdose-withdrawal-addiction">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/overview" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/medicamentos-para-el-tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-opioides/panorama-general">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medications, Counseling, and Related Conditions" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid addiction: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/opioid-addiction">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Overdose Reversal Medications (OORM)" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/opioid-overdose-reversal-medications">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Treatment Program Directory" url="https://dpt2.samhsa.gov/treatment/directory.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opioid-Related+Disorders%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Opioid-Related+Disorders%2Frehabilitation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Is Methadone?" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/methadone">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Naltrexone?" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/naltrexone">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los opioides son medicamentos para el dolor. Entérese cuáles son los riesgos del uso indebido y la adicción de opiáceos." title="Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6432" language="Spanish" date-created="12/27/2016">
<also-called>Abuso de hidrocodona (Vicodina), oxicodona (OxyContin, Percocet), morfina</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso y adicción de opioides</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso y adicción de opiáceos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos u opiáceos, son un tipo de 
droga. Incluyen fuertes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; recetados como oxicodona, 
hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. La droga ilegal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html"&gt;heroína&lt;/a&gt; también es un 
opioide. Algunos opioides están hechos de la planta del opio y otros son 
sintéticos (hechos por el hombre).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud puede recetar un opioide para reducir el 
dolor después de haber tenido una lesión seria o una cirugía. Puede 
obtenerlos si tiene un dolor intenso debido a problemas de salud como el 
cáncer. Algunos proveedores los recetan para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios y los riesgos de los opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los opioides pueden causar efectos secundarios como somnolencia, 
niebla mental, náuseas y estreñimiento. También pueden provocar una 
respiración más lenta, lo que puede provocar la muerte por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;sobredosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si una persona tiene signos de una sobredosis, llame al 911. Estos 
signos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pupilas de los ojos muy pequeñas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quedarse dormido o perder el conocimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiración lenta y superficial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sonidos de asfixia o gorgoteo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuerpo flácido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel pálida, azulada o fría&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Latidos cardíacos débiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Labios y uñas morados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando se usan opioides, también existe el riesgo de trastorno por 
consumo de opioides.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno por consumo de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno por consumo de opioides significa que usted tiene un 
patrón problemático de uso de opioides. Este patrón causa mucha 
angustia y discapacidad (es decir, causa problemas e interfiere con su 
vida diaria). En vez de trastorno por consumo de opioides, a veces las 
personas lo llaman "dependencia de opioides" y "adicción a opioides". 
La dependencia significa sentir síntomas de abstinencia cuando no está 
tomando la droga. La adicción es una enfermedad cerebral crónica que 
hace que una persona busque drogas compulsivamente, aunque le causen 
daño.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El riesgo de trastorno por consumo de opioides es mayor si hace un 
uso indebido de los medicamentos. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;uso indebido&lt;/a&gt; puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno por consumo de opioides y las sobredosis son problemas 
graves de salud pública en los Estados Unidos. A medida que más 
personas usan indebidamente de los opioides, más mujeres &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;abusan de los opioides durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;. Esto puede significar riesgos para la salud 
de la madre y el bebé. El bebé puede nacer con síndrome de abstinencia 
neonatal. Este es un grupo de síntomas de abstinencia que tiene un bebé 
después de haber estado expuesto a drogas durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otro problema con el aumento del uso indebido de opioides es que 
también puede causar un mayor uso de heroína. Hay algunas personas 
que cambian los opioides recetados por la heroína porque la heroína 
puede ser más barata y fácil de conseguir.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se trata el trastorno por consumo de opioides y la 
sobredosis de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen medicamentos efectivos para tratar el trastorno por consumo 
de opioides. Los medicamentos para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de opioides&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a dejar la droga, superar la abstinencia y hacer 
frente a los deseos por consumirla. A menudo se combina con terapia 
conductual y consejería. Tener el apoyo de familiares y amigos también 
puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También existe un medicamento llamado naloxona que puede tratar 
las sobredosis de opioides. Puede revertir los efectos de la sobredosis y 
prevenir la muerte si se administra rápidamente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo prevenir problemas al tomar opioides recetados?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html"&gt;prevenir problemas con los opioides recetados&lt;/a&gt;, asegúrese de 
seguir las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud cuando los tome. 
No comparta sus medicamentos con nadie más. Hable con su proveedor 
de atención de salud si tiene alguna inquietud sobre cómo tomar los 
medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431" language="English">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7132">Embarazo y el uso de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html" id="1953">Heroína</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html" id="7110">Sobredosis de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7130">Tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="2278">Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html" id="7128">Uso seguro de opioides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Opioides, Abuso y adicción</see-reference>
<see-reference>Opiáceos, Abuso y adicción</see-reference>
<site title="&quot;Elegí subir en lugar de caer&quot;: La historia de una mujer sobre el trastorno por consumo de opioides y su participación en un ensayo clínico de los los NIH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/eligi-subir-en-lugar-de-caer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/i-choose-to-climb-instead-of-fall">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adicción a los opioides" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/adiccion-a-los-opioides-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/opioid-addiction/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benzodiacepinas y los opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/informacion-sobre-drogas/opioides/las-benzodiacepinas-y-los-opioides" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids/benzodiazepines-opioids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la naloxona salva vidas por sobredosis de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y el uso de opioides: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epidemia de opioides: Cómo proteger a su familia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Paginas/the-opioid-epidemic.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/pages/the-opioid-epidemic.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exposición accidental a los parches de fentanilo sigue siendo mortal para los niños" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-exposicion-accidental-los-parches-de-fentanilo-sigue-siendo-mortal-para-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/accidental-exposures-fentanyl-patches-continue-be-deadly-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fentanilo" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-fentanilo" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/fentanyl">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heroína: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/los-opioides" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioides de prescripción médica" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/opioides-de-prescripcion-medica" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/prescription-opioids">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioides y el dolor dental" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-opioides" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/opioids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opiáceos y abstinencia de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000949.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del uso de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-uso-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de opiáceos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-opiaceos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/opioid-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntar a su médico antes de tomar opiáceos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-preguntar-su-medico-antes-de-tomar-opiaceos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-ask-your-doctor-taking-opioids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta del cuerpo a los opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/opioides" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/opioids">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Si le recetan opioides" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ore/pdf/cdc_dop_hcp_convstarter-prescribed-opioids_spanish_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/about/prescription-opioids.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de opioides: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos por uso de sustancias: Obtenga información y busque apoyo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/trastornos-por-uso-de-sustancias-obtenga-informacion-y-busque-apoyo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/substance-use-disorders-get-the-facts-and-find-support">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el uso indebido y la adicción de opioides: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidabuseandaddictiontreatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el fentanilo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-fentanyl.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-fentanyl.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el fentanilo?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/el-fentanilo" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el Narcan (naloxona)? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/narcan.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/narcan.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la xilazina? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-xylazine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-xylazine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Opioid use disorder (OUD) a serious public health problem in the U.S. Learn about opioids, how they affect the body, and what OUD is." title="Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431" language="English" date-created="12/27/2016">
<also-called>Opioid abuse</also-called>
<also-called>Opioid addiction</also-called>
<also-called>Opioid misuse</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html"&gt;heroin&lt;/a&gt; is also an opioid. Some opioids are made from the opium plant, and others are synthetic (man-made).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer.  Some providers prescribe them for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the side effects and risks of opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioids can cause side effects such as drowsiness, mental fog, nausea, and constipation. They may also cause slowed breathing, which can lead to overdose deaths. If someone has signs of an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;overdose&lt;/a&gt;, call 911. These signs may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Very small pupils of the eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falling asleep or loss of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slow, shallow breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Choking or gurgling sounds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limp body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pale, blue, or cold skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Faint heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Purple lips and fingernails&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When using opioids, there is also a risk of opioid use disorder (OUD).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is opioid use disorder (OUD)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Opioid use disorder (OUD) means that you have a problematic pattern of using opioids. The pattern causes a lot of distress and impairment (meaning that it causes problems in and interferes with your daily life). Instead of OUD, sometimes people use the terms "opioid dependence" and "opioid addiction."  Dependence means feeling withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes a person to compulsively seek out drugs, even though they cause harm.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;The risk of OUD is higher if you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;misuse the medicines&lt;/a&gt;. Misuse can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Opioid use disorder and overdoses are serious public health problems in the United States. As more people misuse opioids, more women are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html"&gt;misusing opioids during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;. This can lead to health risks for the mother and baby. The baby may be born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).  NAS is a group of withdrawal symptoms that a baby has after being exposed to drugs during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Another problem with increased opioid misuse is that it can also lead to more heroin use. There are some people who switch from prescription opioids to heroin because heroin may be cheaper and easier to get.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose treated?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are effective medicines to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html"&gt;treat OUD&lt;/a&gt;. Using medicines to treat OUD is called medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). MOUD can help you stop using the drug, get through withdrawal, and cope with cravings. It is often combined with behavioral therapy and counseling.  Having support from family and friends can also help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also a medicine called naloxone which can treat opioid overdoses. It can reverse the effects of the overdose and prevent death if it is given quickly.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How can I prevent problems when taking prescription opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html"&gt;prevent problems with prescription opioids&lt;/a&gt;, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions when taking them. Do not share your medicines with anyone else. Contact your doctor if you have any concerns about taking the medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009293">Opioid-Related Disorders</descriptor>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063487">Prescription Drug Misuse</descriptor>
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<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html" id="285">Heroin</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html" id="7109">Opioid Overdose</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7129">Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7131">Pregnancy and Opioids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="1706">Prescription Drug Misuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html" id="7127">Safe Opioid Use</related-topic>
<see-reference>Opiates</see-reference>
<see-reference>Opioid Abuse and Addiction</see-reference>
<site title="'I Choose To Climb Instead of Fall': One Woman's Story of Opioid Use Disorder and Joining an NIH Clinical Trial" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/i-choose-to-climb-instead-of-fall" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/eligi-subir-en-lugar-de-caer">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Prescription Opioids" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/about/prescription-opioids.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ore/pdf/cdc_dop_hcp_convstarter-prescribed-opioids_spanish_508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Accidental Exposures to Fentanyl Patches Continue to Be Deadly to Children" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/accidental-exposures-fentanyl-patches-continue-be-deadly-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-exposicion-accidental-los-parches-de-fentanilo-sigue-siendo-mortal-para-los-ninos">
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<site title="Acetaminophen and codeine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002562.htm">
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<site title="Benzodiazepines and Opioids" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids/benzodiazepines-opioids" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/informacion-sobre-drogas/opioides/las-benzodiacepinas-y-los-opioides">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Opioid  Dependence and Addiction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22opiate+addiction%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<site title="Codeine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002613.htm">
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<site title="Commonly Used Terms for Opioids and Drug Overdose" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/glossary/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/spanish/opioids/terminos.html">
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<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
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<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
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<site title="Drug Overdose Death Rates" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/las-tendencias-y-estadisticas/indices-de-muertes-por-sobredosis">
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Fentanyl" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/fentanyl" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-fentanilo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fentanyl" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/about/fentanyl.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fentanyl DrugFacts" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/fentanyl" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/el-fentanilo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
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<site title="Heroin: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="How Naloxone Saves Lives in Opioid Overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Hydrocodone" url="https://www.dea.gov/galleries/drug-images/hydrocodone">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocodone and acetaminophen overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002670.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Hydrocodone/oxycodone overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007285.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Hydromorphone" url="https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/hydromorphone">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydromorphone overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002633.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methadone overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002679.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mind Matters: The Body's Response to Opioids" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/opioids" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/opioides">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Morphine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002502.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Narcotics" url="https://www.dea.gov/galleries/drug-images/narcotics">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Opioids Crisis: Help and Resources" url="https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonopioid Therapies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/manage-treat-pain/nonopioid-therapies.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/patients/es/options.html">
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<site title="Opiate and opioid withdrawal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000949.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Opioid Addiction" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/opioid-addiction/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/adiccion-a-los-opioides-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Opioid addiction: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/opioid-addiction">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Opioid Epidemic: How to Protect Your Family" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/pages/the-opioid-epidemic.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Paginas/the-opioid-epidemic.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
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<site title="Opioid intoxication" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000948.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000948.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Opioid Overdose Prevention: Safety Advice for Patients and Family Members" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/safety-advice-for-patients-family-members.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Opioid Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/opioid-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-opiaceos/">
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<site title="Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidabuseandaddictiontreatment.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Opioids" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/los-opioides">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioids and Dental Pain" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/opioids" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-opioides">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
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<site title="Opioids: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://drugfree.org/drugs/opioids/">
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<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
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<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
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<site title="Prescription Opioids DrugFacts" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/prescription-opioids" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/opioides-de-prescripcion-medica">
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<site title="Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prescription+Drug+Misuse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Opioid-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/">
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<site title="Substance Use Disorders: Get the Facts and Find Support" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/substance-use-disorders-get-the-facts-and-find-support" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/trastornos-por-uso-de-sustancias-obtenga-informacion-y-busque-apoyo">
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<site title="What Is Fentanyl? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-fentanyl.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-fentanyl.html">
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<site title="What Is Narcan (Naloxone)? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/narcan.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/narcan.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="What Is Xylazine? (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-xylazine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-xylazine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="What to Ask Your Doctor before Taking Opioids" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-ask-your-doctor-taking-opioids" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-preguntar-su-medico-antes-de-tomar-opiaceos">
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<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your optic nerves carries visual images from the back of your eye to your brain. Learn about optic nerve disorders and how they affect your vision." title="Optic Nerve Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html" id="6427" language="English" date-created="12/27/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. You have one connecting the back of each eye (your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html"&gt;retina&lt;/a&gt;) to your brain. Damage to an optic nerve can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;vision loss&lt;/a&gt;. The type of vision loss and how severe it is depends on where the damage occurs. It may affect one or both eyes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of optic nerve disorders, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html"&gt;Glaucoma&lt;/a&gt; is a group of diseases that are the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises and damages the optic nerve.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. Causes include infections and immune-related illnesses such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;multiple sclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes the cause is unknown.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Optic nerve atrophy is damage to the optic nerve. Causes include poor blood flow to the eye, disease, trauma, or exposure to toxic substances.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Optic nerve head drusen are pockets of protein and calcium salts that build up in the optic nerve over time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contact your health care provider if you are having vision problems. Tests for optic nerve disorders may include eye exams, ophthalmoscopy (an examination of the back of your eye), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;. Treatment depends on which disorder that you have. With some optic nerve disorders, you may get your vision back. With others, there is no treatment, or treatment may only prevent further vision loss.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html" id="6428" language="Spanish">Trastornos del nervio óptico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009901">Optic Nerve Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020221">Optic Nerve Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="Autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-optic-atrophy-and-cataract">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Optic Nerve Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Optic+Nerve+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Optic Nerve Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Optic+Nerve+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="Deafness-dystonia-optic neuronopathy syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/deafness-dystonia-optic-neuronopathy-syndrome">
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<site title="Early-onset glaucoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/early-onset-glaucoma">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get a Dilated Eye Exam" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/hagase-un-examen-de-los-ojos-con-dilatacion-de-las-pupilas">
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<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/hipertension-intracraneal-idiopatica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/infantile-neuroaxonal-dystrophy">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leber-hereditary-optic-neuropathy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Neuromyelitis Optica" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuromyelitis-optica" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuromielitis-optica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuromyelitis optica: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neuromyelitis-optica">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutritional and Toxic Optic Neuropathies" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/optic-nerve-disorders/nutritional-and-toxic-optic-neuropathies" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%c3%a1lmicos/trastornos-del-nervio-%c3%b3ptico/neuropat%c3%adas-%c3%b3pticas-nutricionales-y-t%c3%b3xicas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic atrophy type 1: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/optic-atrophy-type-1">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Optic glioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001024.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Optic nerve atrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001622.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Nerve Atrophy" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/optic-nerve-atrophy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aapos.org/es/terms/conditions/81">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Nerve Drusen" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/optic-nerve-drusen">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Nerve Hypoplasia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/optic-nerve-hypoplasia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Nerve Imaging" url="https://glaucoma.org/articles/optic-nerve-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Glaucoma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Nerve Pit" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/optic-nerve-pit">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Neuritis" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/optic-neuritis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic neuritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000741.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Optic Nerve Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/optic-nerve-disorders/overview-of-optic-nerve-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-del-nervio-%C3%B3ptico/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-del-nervio-%C3%B3ptico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Optic Nerve Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Optic+Nerve+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Optic+Nerve+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Septo-Optic Dysplasia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/septo-optic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Septo-optic dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/septo-optic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="The Visual System" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/visual-system">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Oral cancer can form in the mouth or throat but usually begins in the tongue and floor of the mouth. Read about the common oral cancer symptoms." title="Oral Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html" id="331" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is oral cancer? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;head and neck cancer&lt;/a&gt;. Most oral cancers are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma/"&gt;squamous cell cancers&lt;/a&gt;. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV infection&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get oral cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use tobacco or drink lots of alcohol. Your risk of developing oral cancer is even higher if you do both.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are male.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are over ago 40.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have HPV.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a history of head or neck cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sun exposure&lt;/a&gt; (for lip cancer).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of oral cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of oral cancer may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A white or red patch in your mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lip or mouth sore that won't heal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding, pain, or numbness in the lip or mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loose teeth or dentures that no longer fit well&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems or pain with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in your neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ear pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble moving your mouth or jaw&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling of the jaw&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;sore throat&lt;/a&gt; or feeling that something is caught in the throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have any of these symptoms for more than two weeks, see your health care provider or dentist. Oral cancer can spread quickly, so it's important to find it early.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is oral cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have oral cancer, your provider may use:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam of the lips and mouth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; or other procedure to collect cells from the lip or oral cavity. The cells are viewed under a microscope to find out if they are abnormal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for oral cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for oral cancer include surgery, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;, or both. After surgery, some people also need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; to kill any cancer cells that are left.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can oral cancer be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to help prevent oral cancer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting alcohol use or not drinking at all&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/"&gt;dental exams&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html" id="2062" language="Spanish">Cáncer oral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009062">Mouth Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/oralcancer.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/oralcancer.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/oralcancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/oralcancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/oralcancer.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5331">Salivary Gland Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html" id="5841">Throat Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mouth Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tongue Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Stat Facts: Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/oral-cavity-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-cavidad-oral-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Mouth Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Mouth+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tongue Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tongue+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon" url="https://myoms.org/find-a-surgeon/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/lip-mouth-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-labio-boca-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gum biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003852.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukoplakia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001046.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth and neck radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20350997?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Dryness or Thick Saliva" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Growths" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/symptoms-of-oral-and-dental-disorders/mouth-growths" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-orales-y-dentales/tumores-bucales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Sores and Pain" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/mouth-sores.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/llagas-en-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001035.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001035.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Cancer" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/cancer-oral">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Cancer Exam" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/oral-cancer-exam.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Cancer Facts" url="https://oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Oral Cancer Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Cavity and Nasopharyngeal Cancers Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/oral-screening-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/deteccion-cavidad-oral-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Cavity, Oropharyngeal, Hypopharyngeal, and Laryngeal Cancers Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/oral-prevention-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/prevencion-cavidad-oral-pdq">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral, Head, and Neck Pathology" url="https://myoms.org/what-we-do/oral-head-and-neck-pathology/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oropharynx lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mouth+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing Problems" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/swallowing-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/problemas-de-deglucion.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003849.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20378428?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tongue-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20378428?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer by Stage" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/tratamiento/por-etapa.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Experts say that the organs from one donor can save or help as many as 50 people. Read about the how to become an organ donor." title="Organ Donation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html" id="615" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;transplantation&lt;/a&gt; into another. Experts say that the organs from one donor can save or help as many as 50 people. Organs you can donate include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Internal organs: Kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone and bone marrow &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cornea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most organ and tissue donations occur after the donor has died. But some organs and tissues can be donated while the donor is alive.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People of all ages and background can be organ donors. If you are under age 18, your parent or guardian must give you permission to become a donor. If you are 18 or older you can show you want to be a donor by signing a donor card. You should also let your family know your wishes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Health Resources and Services Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html" id="2063" language="Spanish">Donación de órganos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061349">Unrelated Donors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019520">Living Donors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014019">Tissue Donors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1211">Blood Transfusion and Donation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1457">Bone Marrow Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html" id="278">Heart Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html" id="1511">Islet Cell Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299">Kidney Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" id="311">Liver Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html" id="312">Lung Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462">Organ Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html" id="352">Pancreas Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html" id="1395">Stem Cells</related-topic>
<see-reference>Donors</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tissue Donation</see-reference>
<site title="Being a Living Donor: Risks" url="https://transplantliving.org/living-donation/being-a-living-donor/risks/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can I Donate My Organs If I've Had Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/long-term-health-concerns/can-i-donate-my-organs.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Living Donors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Living+Donors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tissue Donors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tissue+Donors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Unrelated Donors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Unrelated+Donors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Organ Donation Works" url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/process" language-mapped-url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/conocer/2my6/proceso">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How You Can Help Medical Research: Donating Your Blood, Tissue, and Other Samples" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/help-research-donate-tissue" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/como-contribuir-a-la-investigacion-medica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Donation -- You're Never Too Old to Make a Difference" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/organ-donation-youre-never-too-old-make-difference">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Donation FAQ" url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/faq" language-mapped-url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/conocer/2nea/preguntasfrecuentes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Donation: Don't Let These Myths Confuse You" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/organ-donation/art-20047529?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/organ-donation/art-20047529?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Facts and Surgeries" url="https://transplantliving.org/organ-facts/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Type and Waiting Time" url="https://transplantliving.org/before-the-transplant/waiting-for-your-transplant/organ-type-and-waiting-time/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Donation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Living+Donors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Tissue+Donors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Unrelated+Donors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Who Can Donate?" url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/who-can-donate" language-mapped-url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/2mx8/inscr%c3%adbase">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="When you have an organ transplant, doctors remove an organ from another person and place it in your body. Read about the common organ transplants." title="Organ Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462" language="English" date-created="04/18/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You may need an organ transplant if one of your organs has failed. This can happen because of illness or injury. When you have an organ transplant, doctors remove an organ from another person and place it in your body.  The organ may come from a living donor or a donor who has died.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The organs that can be transplanted include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;Heart&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Intestine &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;Kidney&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html"&gt;Liver&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;Lung&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html"&gt;Pancreas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You often have to wait a long time for an organ transplant. Doctors must match donors to recipients to reduce the risk of transplant rejection. Rejection happens when your immune system attacks the new organ. If you have a transplant, you must take drugs the rest of your life to help keep your body from rejecting the new organ.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html" id="2064" language="Spanish">Trasplante de órganos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016377">Organ Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html" id="278">Heart Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299">Kidney Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" id="311">Liver Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html" id="312">Lung Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html" id="615">Organ Donation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html" id="352">Pancreas Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Transplantation</see-reference>
<site title="After the Transplant" url="https://transplantliving.org/after-the-transplant/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Before the Transplant" url="https://transplantliving.org/before-the-transplant/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Organ Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Organ+Transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Exercise" url="https://transplantliving.org/after-the-transplant/lifestyle-changes/diet-and-exercise/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histocompatibility antigen test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003550.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003550.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HLA-B27 antigen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003551.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Organs Are Matched" url="https://transplantliving.org/before-the-transplant/about-organ-allocation/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Donation -- You're Never Too Old to Make a Difference" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/organ-donation-youre-never-too-old-make-difference">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Facts and Surgeries" url="https://transplantliving.org/organ-facts/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network" url="https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Transplantation: Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://transplantliving.org/before-the-transplant/frequently-asked-questions/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Transplants: What Every Kid Needs to Know" url="https://unos.org/wp-content/uploads/unos/Brochure-113k-What-every-kid-needs-to-know.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnering with Your Transplant Team: The Patient's Guide to Transplantation" url="https://www.unos.org/wp-content/uploads/unos/PartneringWithTransplantTeam.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post-transplant Medications" url="https://transplantliving.org/after-the-transplant/preventing-rejection/post-transplant-medications/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Rejection" url="https://transplantliving.org/after-the-transplant/preventing-rejection/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organ Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Organ+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Talking about Transplantation: What Every Patient Needs to Know" url="https://unos.org/wp-content/uploads/unos/Brochure-113-What-every-patient-needs-to-know.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Organ Transplant Process" url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/process/transplant-process" language-mapped-url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/conocer/proceso/2ni2/proceso-de-trasplante">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="The SRTR/OPTN Annual Data Report" url="https://www.srtr.org/reports/optnsrtr-annual-data-report/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transplant rejection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000815.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000815.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transplant services" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007457.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="U.S. Transplantation Data" url="https://unos.org/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xenotransplantation" url="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/xenotransplantation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sus riñones producen orina al filtrar desechos y exceso de agua de la sangre. Entérese cuáles son los problemas que causan dificultades para orinar." title="Orina y micción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html" id="4890" language="Spanish" date-created="07/08/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus riñones producen orina al filtrar desechos y exceso de agua de la sangre. Al desecho se le llama urea. La sangre la transporta hasta los riñones. Desde los riñones, la orina llega a la vejiga por dos tubos delgados llamados uréteres. La vejiga almacena la orina hasta que usted siente ganas de ir al baño. La vejiga se expande cuando está llena y se hace más pequeña cuando está vacía. Si su sistema urinario funciona normalmente, su vejiga puede almacenar hasta 16 onzas (177cc o dos tazas) de orina cómodamente por entre dos a cinco horas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tener problemas para orinar si sufre de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones del tracto urinario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;Agrandamiento de la próstata&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas del control de la vejiga como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;incontinencia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html"&gt;vejiga hiperactiva&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html"&gt;cistitis intersticial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Una obstrucción que no le permite vaciar su vejiga &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas afecciones pueden causar que su orina contenga sangre o proteína. Si usted tiene un problema urinario, acuda a su proveedor de cuidados de salud. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html"&gt;análisis de orina&lt;/a&gt; y otras pruebas pueden ayudar a diagnosticar el problema. El tratamiento depende de la causa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html" id="4889" language="English">Urine and Urination</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1982">Cistitis intersticial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777">Enfermedades de la vejiga</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html" id="2211">Incontinencia urinaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html" id="2212">Infecciones de las vías urinarias</related-topic>
<see-reference>Micción</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis bioquímico de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003342.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de orina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aparato urinario (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pee.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cantidad excesiva de micción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003146.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color anormal de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003139.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Color de la orina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda permanente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda suprapúbica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales con productos para la incontinencia urinaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/derivacion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-diversion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Desmayo durante la micción (síncope miccional)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/faq-20058084?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/FAQ-20058084?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad con el flujo urinario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003143.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disminución del gasto urinario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003147.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuresis osmótica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001266.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con tira reactiva de proteína en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de electroforesis de proteínas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glóbulos rojos en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sodio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del cloruro en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003601.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del nitrógeno ureico en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003605.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Excreción fraccionada de sodio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003602.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematuria microscópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hematuria-microscopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidronefrosis en recién nacidos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones del tracto urinario: Otras causas del dolor al orinar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/infecciones-del-tracto-urinario-otras-causas-del-dolor-al-orinar/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micción urgente o frecuente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de orina limpia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007487.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necesidad de orinar a menudo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/frequent-urination/basics/definition/sym-20050712?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/frequent-urination/basics/definition/SYM-20050712?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un análisis de orina (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-urtest.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Olor de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007298.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina espumosa: ¿Qué significa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orinar más durante la noche" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003141.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osmolalidad de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003609.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas al orinar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-al-orinar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/urination-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteinuria en los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/proteinuria-en-los-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/proteinuria-in-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de drogas en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003364.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas urodinámicas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-urodinamicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urodynamic-testing">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiluria (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chyluria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chyluria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de orina en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003417.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003751.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003751.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urocultivo en muestra por sondaje" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003752.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003752.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uroflujometría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003325.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volumen urinario en 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Orthodontia is the branch of dentistry that uses treatments such as braces, aligners, and retainers to straighten your teeth and correct your bite. Learn more." title="Orthodontia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/orthodontia.html" id="3614" language="English" date-created="10/14/2003">
<also-called>Braces</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Some people have naturally straight teeth that fit together. But if you have problems with your bite or the spacing of your teeth, you may need orthodontic care. Orthodontia is the branch of dentistry that deals with abnormalities of the teeth and jaw.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Orthodontic care involves the use of devices, such as braces, to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Straighten teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Correct problems with bite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Close gaps between teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Align lips and teeth properly &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people who receive orthodontic care are kids, but adults get braces, too. In young children, orthodontic treatment may guide proper jaw growth. This can help permanent teeth to come in properly.  Straight permanent teeth can help prevent tooth problems later on. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/orthodontia.html" id="3615" language="Spanish">Ortodoncia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009970">Orthodontics</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/orthodontia.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/orthodontia.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/orthodontia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/orthodontia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/orthodontia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/orthodontia.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Braces, Oral</see-reference>
<site title="All about Orthodontia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/braces.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/braces.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braces (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/braces.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/braces.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braces (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/braces.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/braces.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braces Have Changed, From Metal to Tooth-Colored to Clear" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/braces-have-changed-metal-tooth-colored-clear" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-frenos-dentales-han-cambiado-de-metal-color-de-los-dientes-transparente">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Orthodontics" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=orthodontic&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malocclusion (Misaligned Teeth)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/symptoms-of-oral-and-dental-disorders/malocclusion" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/s%c3%adntomas-de-los-trastornos-orales-y-dentales/maloclusi%c3%b3n">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malocclusion of teeth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001058.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orthodontia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Orthodontics%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Widely spaced teeth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003063.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La ortodoncia es la rama de la odontología que utiliza tratamientos como aparatos ortopédicos, alineadores y retenedores para enderezar los dientes y corregir la mordida. Obtenga más información." title="Ortodoncia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/orthodontia.html" id="3615" language="Spanish" date-created="06/24/2005">
<also-called>Aparatos</also-called>
<also-called>Aparatos de ortodoncia</also-called>
<also-called>Frenos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen dientes naturalmente derechos que encajan a la perfección. Pero si usted tiene problemas al morder o dientes espaciados, es posible que necesite cuidado de ortodoncia. La ortodoncia es la rama de la odontología que se encarga de los problemas de los dientes y la mandíbula.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La atención dental con ortodoncia incluye el uso de dispositivos, tales como los aparatos (frenos), para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enderezar los dientes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Corregir problemas con la mordida &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cerrar los espacios entre los dientes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Alinear adecuadamente los labios y los dientes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que reciben tratamiento de ortodoncia son niños, pero los adultos también usan frenos. En los niños pequeños, el tratamiento con ortodoncia puede servir de guía para que la mandíbula se desarrolle adecuadamente. Eso puede ayudar a la salida correcta de los dientes permanentes. Los dientes permanentes derechos pueden ayudar a prevenir problemas dentales en el futuro.   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/orthodontia.html" id="3614" language="English">Orthodontia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html" id="1847">Salud dental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html" id="1811">Salud dental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html" id="2190">Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html" id="3070">Trastornos dentales</related-topic>
<site title="Aparatos de ortodoncia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/braces.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/braces.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos de ortodoncia (&quot;braces&quot;) ...¿Serán para mí?" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/orthodontics_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos de ortodoncia (brackets)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/braces.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/braces.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dientes muy espaciados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003063.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frenos dentales han cambiado: De metal al color de los dientes, a transparentes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-frenos-dentales-han-cambiado-de-metal-color-de-los-dientes-transparente" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/braces-have-changed-metal-tooth-colored-clear">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (de términos dentales)" url="https://www.mouthhealthy.org/es-MX/glossary">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maloclusión (dientes desalineados)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/s%c3%adntomas-de-los-trastornos-orales-y-dentales/maloclusi%c3%b3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/symptoms-of-oral-and-dental-disorders/malocclusion">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión dental defectuosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001058.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un retenedor? (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/retainers.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/retainers.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It usually affects your hands, knees, hips, or spine. Learn about treatment and management." title="Osteoarthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html" id="1250" language="English" date-created="03/27/2000">
<also-called>Degenerative joint disease</also-called>
<also-called>OA</also-called>
<also-called>Osteoarthrosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is osteoarthritis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Osteoarthritis, sometimes called OA, is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt; that only affects the joints, usually in the hands, knees, hips, neck, and lower back. It's the most common type of arthritis.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In a healthy joint, the ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, slippery tissue called cartilage. The cartilage pads the bones and helps them glide easily when you move the joint. With osteoarthritis, the cartilage breaks down and becomes rough. Sometimes, all the cartilage wears away and the bones rub together. Bumps of extra bone called bone spurs may grow in the joint area.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for osteoarthritis. It usually gets worse slowly. But there's a lot you can do to manage the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Osteoarthritis affects people in different ways, and not everyone has pain. The most common symptoms are:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain when you move, which often gets better with rest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stiffness, especially for the first 30 minutes after you get up from resting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen joints, especially after using the joint a lot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Less movement in the joint than normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A joint that feels loose or unstable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes osteoarthritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers aren't sure what causes osteoarthritis. They think that it could be caused by a combination of factors in the body and the environment. Your chance of developing osteoarthritis increases with age. They also know that some people are more likely to develop it than others.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop osteoarthritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Things that make you more likely to develop osteoarthritis include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aging.&lt;/strong&gt; Osteoarthritis can happen at any age, but the chance of getting it increases in middle-aged adults and older. After age 50, it is more common in women than in men.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being overweight.&lt;/strong&gt; Extra weight puts more stress on your joints.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having a past injury or surgery on a joint.&lt;/strong&gt; This is often the cause of osteoarthritis in younger adults.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Doing a lot of activities that overuse the joint.&lt;/strong&gt; This includes sports with a lot of jumping, twisting, running, or throwing.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having a joint that doesn't line up correctly.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A family history of osteoarthritis.&lt;/strong&gt; Some people &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteoarthritis/"&gt;inherit genetic changes&lt;/a&gt; that increase their chance of developing osteoarthritis.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for osteoarthritis. To find out if you have osteoarthritis, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt; or other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; to look at your joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order lab tests to make sure that a different problem isn't causing your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for osteoarthritis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The goal of treating osteoarthritis is to ease your pain, help you move better, and stop it from getting worse.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Treatment usually begins with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercises to improve strength, flexibility and balance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss, if needed, to improve pain, especially in your hips or knees&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Braces or shoe inserts (orthotics) that a health care provider fits for you&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can buy some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; and arthritis creams without a prescription. They can be helpful, but it's best to talk to your provider about using them. If they don't help enough, your provider may prescribe injections (shots) into the joint or prescription pain relievers.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Complementary therapies&lt;/a&gt; may help some people. Massage can increase blood flow and bring warmth to the area. Some research shows that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuncture&lt;/a&gt; may help relieve osteoarthritis pain. Simple things like heat and ice can help, too.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If none of these treatments help enough, surgery may be an option. You and your provider can decide if it's right for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html" id="2065" language="Spanish">Osteoartritis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010003">Osteoarthritis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoarthritis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoarthritis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoarthritis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoarthritis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoarthritis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23">Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232">Rheumatoid Arthritis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Degenerative Joint Disease</see-reference>
<site title="7 Things to Know about Complementary Health Approaches for Osteoarthritis" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-complementary-health-approaches-for-osteoarthritis">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Physical Activity and Arthritis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/spanish/conceptos-basicos/ejercicio-y-artritis.htm">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis by the Numbers: Book of Trusted Facts and Figures" url="https://www.arthritis.org/getmedia/73a9f02d-7f91-4084-91c3-0ed0b11c5814/abtn-2020-final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Foundation: Local Office Directory" url="https://www.arthritis.org/local-offices/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Thumb" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-thumb/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Wrist" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-wrist/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Spurs" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-spurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370212?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bone-spurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370212?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical spondylosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000436.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain and Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chronic-pain-and-complementary-health-approaches-usefulness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Osteoarthritis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Osteoarthritis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Degenerative Changes in the Spine: Is This Arthritis?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/FAQ-20058457?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/faq-20058457?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Arthritis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/arthritis.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis: What You Need To Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/glucosamine-and-chondroitin-for-osteoarthritis-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hip Replacement: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Knee Replacement: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lumbosacral spine CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003787.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000423.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteoarthritis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteoartritis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoarthritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteoartritis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/osteoarthritis/osteoarthritis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000092.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis of the Foot and Ankle" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis Treatment Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000423_22.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000423_82.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/osteoarthritis-in-depth">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteoarthritis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoarthritis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Osteoarthritis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Joint Replacement" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/shoulder-joint-replacement/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Fluid Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Synovial fluid analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003629.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tai Chi: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tai-chi-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tibial osteotomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100223_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100223_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La osteoartritis o artrosis es la forma más común de artritis. Causa dolor, inflamación y disminución de los movimientos en las articulaciones. Síntomas." title="Osteoartritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html" id="2065" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Artrosis</also-called>
<also-called>Trastorno degenerativo de las articulaciones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la osteoartritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La osteoartritis (o artrosis) es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt; que solo afecta las articulaciones, usualmente en las manos, las rodillas, las caderas, el cuello y la parte inferior de la espalda. Es el tipo más común de artritis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En una articulación sana, los extremos de los huesos están cubiertos con un tejido suave y resbaloso llamado cartílago. El cartílago protege los huesos y les ayuda a deslizarse fácilmente cuando mueve la articulación. Con la osteoartritis, el cartílago se rompe y se vuelve áspero. En ocasiones, todo el cartílago se desgasta y los huesos se frotan entre sí, y pueden crecer protuberancias de hueso adicional en el área de la articulación llamadas espolones óseos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para la osteoartritis. Por lo general, empeora lentamente. Pero hay muchas cosas que puede hacer para controlar los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la osteoartritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La osteoartritis afecta a las personas de diferentes maneras y no todas tienen dolor. Los síntomas más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor cuando se mueve, que a menudo mejora con el descanso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Rigidez, especialmente durante los primeros 30 minutos después de levantarse del descanso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inflamación de las articulaciones, especialmente después de usar mucho la articulación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Menos movimiento de lo normal en la articulación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una articulación que se siente floja o inestable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la osteoartritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no están seguros de la causad de la osteoartritis. Se piensa que podría ser causada por una combinación de factores en el cuerpo y el medio ambiente. Su probabilidad de desarrollar osteoartritis aumenta con la edad. También se sabe que algunas personas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollarla que otras.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener osteoartritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las cosas que lo hacen más propenso a desarrollar osteoartritis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Envejecimiento&lt;/strong&gt;: La osteoartritis puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero la probabilidad de contraerla aumenta en adultos de mediana edad y mayores. Después de los 50 años, es más común en mujeres que en hombres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener sobrepeso&lt;/strong&gt;: El peso extra ejerce más presión sobre las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener una lesión o cirugía anterior en una articulación&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta suele ser la causa de la osteoartritis en los adultos más jóvenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Realizar muchas actividades que usan en exceso la articulación&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye deportes con muchos saltos, giros, carreras o lanzamientos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener una articulación que no se alinea correctamente&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes familiares de artrosis&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunas personas heredan cambios genéticos que aumentan su probabilidad de desarrollar osteoartritis&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la artrosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para la osteoartritis. Para saber si la tiene, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas e historia clínica &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede usar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías &lt;/a&gt; u otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes&lt;/a&gt; para observar sus articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede ordenar pruebas de laboratorio para asegurarse de que un problema diferente no esté causando sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la osteoartritis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El objetivo del tratamiento de la osteoartritis es aliviar el dolor, ayudarle a moverse mejor y evitar que empeore.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En general, el tratamiento comienza con:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ejercicios para mejorar la fuerza, la flexibilidad y el equilibrio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Si es necesario, pérdida de peso para mejorar el dolor, especialmente en las caderas o las rodillas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aparatos ortopédicos o plantillas para zapatos (órtesis) que un profesional de la salud le ajusta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;Puede comprar algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; y cremas para la artritis sin receta médica. Si bien pueden ser útiles, es mejor hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre usarlos. Si no ayudan lo suficiente, su proveedor puede recetarle inyecciones (infiltración) en la articulación o analgésicos recetados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para algunas personas, las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;terapias complementarias&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar. Un masaje puede aumentar el flujo de sangre y traer calor al área. Algunas investigaciones muestran que la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuntura&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar a aliviar el dolor de la osteoartritis. Las cosas simples como el calor y el hielo también pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si ninguno de estos tratamientos ayuda lo suficiente, la cirugía puede ser una opción. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden decidir si puede servir.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html" id="1250" language="English">Osteoarthritis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757">Artritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="2128">Artritis reumatoide</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artrosis</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003629.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis del pulgar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thumb-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378339?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrosis de la mano" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/trastornos-de-la-mano/artrosis-de-la-mano">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios degenerativos en la columna vertebral: ¿Artritis?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/faq-20058457?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/FAQ-20058457?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el tratamiento para la osteoartritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000423_82.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000423_22.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espolones óseos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bone-spurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370212?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-spurs/symptoms-causes/syc-20370212?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espondilosis cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000436.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteoartritis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteoarthritis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000423.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000092.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis de la columna lumbar" url="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/spanish-patient-pages/2010/hoja-para-el-paciente-de-jama-100707.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Médica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoartritis del pie y el tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/osteoarthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteotomía de la tibia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100223_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100223_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de cadera: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de rodilla: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003787.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Que es la osteoartritis?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteoartritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoarthritis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder in which bones break easily. Find out diagnosis, treatments, and living with OI." title="Osteogenesis Imperfecta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="940" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<also-called>Brittle bone disease</also-called>
<also-called>OI</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder in which bones &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fracture&lt;/a&gt; (break) easily. Sometimes the fractures happen for no known reason. OI can also cause weak muscles, brittle teeth, a curved spine, and hearing loss. OI is caused by one of several genes that aren't working properly.  When these genes don't work, it affects how you make collagen, a protein that helps make bones strong. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;OI can range from mild to severe, and symptoms vary from person to person. A person may have just a few or as many as several hundred fractures in a lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for OI. Your doctor uses your medical and family history, physical exam, and imaging and lab tests to diagnose it. Your doctor may also test your collagen (from skin) or genes (from blood). There is no cure, but you can manage symptoms. Treatments include exercise, pain medicine, physical therapy, wheelchairs, braces, and surgery.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="2066" language="Spanish">Osteogénesis imperfecta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010013">Osteogenesis Imperfecta</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html" id="170">Bone Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1411">Connective Tissue Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Broken Bones (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/b-bone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/b-bone.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Osteogenesis Imperfecta" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Osteogenesis+Imperfecta%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fast Facts on Osteogenesis Imperfecta" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Fast_Facts_About_OI.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/conditioninfo/diagnose" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/osteogenesisimp/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypophosphatasia" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/hypophosphatasia-2.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Osteogenesis Imperfecta" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Osteogenesis-Imperfecta">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myths about OI (Osteogenesis Imperfecta)" url="https://oif.org/myths-about-oi/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and OI" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Nutrition.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="OI Issues: Dental Care for Persons with OI" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Dental_Care.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteogenesis Imperfecta" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteogenesis-imperfecta" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteogenesis-imperfecta">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteogenesis imperfecta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001573.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteogenesis imperfecta: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Vertebral Compression Fractures" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Spine__Vertebral_Fracture_Prevention.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteogenesis Imperfecta" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Osteogenesis+Imperfecta%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Issues in OI" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Respiratory_Issues.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rodding Surgery" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Surgery__Rodding_Surgery.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Social and Emotional Issues of Living with OI" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Social_and_Emotional_Issues_of_Living_with_OI.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery Considerations for Adults and Children" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Surgery__Surgery_Considerations_for_Adults_and_Children.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Vertebral Compression Fractures" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Spine__Vertebral_Fracture_Information.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Types of OI" url="https://oif.org/informationcenter/about-oi/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/osteogenesisimp/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/osteogenesisimp/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La osteogénesis imperfecta es un trastorno genético que causa que los huesos se rompan con facilidad, entre otros problemas. Diagnóstico, tratamientos." title="Osteogénesis imperfecta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="2066" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La osteogénesis imperfecta es un trastorno genético en el cual los huesos se fracturan (se rompen) con facilidad. Algunas veces, los huesos se fracturan sin un motivo aparente. También puede causar músculos débiles, dientes quebradizos, una columna desviada y pérdida del sentido del oído. La osteogénesis imperfecta es causada por uno o varios genes que no funcionan bien. Esto afecta la manera en que el cuerpo produce colágeno, una proteína que ayuda a  fortalecer los huesos.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La osteogénesis imperfecta puede variar desde leve hasta severa y los síntomas varían de una persona a otra. Un individuo puede tener apenas algunas fracturas o alcanzar varios cientos de fracturas en toda la vida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay una prueba específica para la osteogénesis imperfecta. El profesional de la salud puede usar su historia clínica y familiar, un examen físico y test de imágenes para diagnosticarla. También podría hacer un examen de colágeno (de la piel) o genético (de sangre). No existe una cura, pero los síntomas pueden controlarse. Los tratamientos incluyen ejercicio, analgésicos, fisioterapia, sillas de ruedas, aparatos dentales y cirugía.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html" id="940" language="English">Osteogenesis Imperfecta</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html" id="1780">Enfermedades de los huesos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html" id="1834">Enfermedades del tejido conectivo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fragilidad ósea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Huesos, Fragilidad</see-reference>
<site title="Cuidado de lactantes y niños con osteogénesis imperfecta" url="https://oif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Caring_for_Infants-_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para la Osteogénesis Imperfecta</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fractura ósea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/b-bone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/b-bone.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteogénesis imperfecta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001573.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos y la osteoporosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/salud-de-los-huesos-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-health-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la osteogénesis imperfecta (OI)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/osteogenesisimp/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la osteogénesis imperfecta (OI)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/osteogenesisimp/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud la osteogénesis imperfecta (OI)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/osteogenesisimp/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/conditioninfo/diagnose">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la osteogénesis imperfecta?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteogenesis-imperfecta" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteogenesis-imperfecta">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La osteonecrosis es causada por la disminución del flujo sanguíneo en los huesos de las articulaciones. Síntomas y tratamiento de la necrosis ósea. " title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteonecrosis.html" id="2254" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Necrosis aséptica</also-called>
<also-called>Necrosis avascular</also-called>
<also-called>Necrosis ósea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La osteonecrosis es una enfermedad causada por la disminución del flujo sanguíneo en los huesos de las articulaciones. Por lo general, en las personas con huesos sanos, estos se regeneran constantemente. En la osteonecrosis, la falta de flujo de la sangre hace que el hueso se deteriore más rápido que lo que el cuerpo puede producirlo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se puede tener osteonecrosis en uno o varios huesos. Es más común en la parte superior de la pierna. Otros sitios comunes son el brazo, las rodillas, los hombros y los tobillos. La enfermedad puede afectar a hombres y mujeres de cualquier edad, pero suele atacar a personas entre los treinta y los cincuenta años. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Al comienzo, es posible que no haya síntomas. A medida que la enfermedad avanza el dolor de las articulaciones empeora. Es probable que la persona no pueda mover o doblar la articulación normalmente.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce con seguridad la causa de la enfermedad. Entre los factores de riesgo se incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tratamiento con esteroides a largo plazo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Uso indebido del alcohol &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lesiones articulares &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ciertas enfermedades, como artritis y cáncer &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los doctores usan exámenes de imágenes y otras pruebas para diagnosticar la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, uso de muletas, limitación de actividades que ponen peso en las articulaciones afectadas, estimulación eléctrica y cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteonecrosis.html" id="1647" language="English">Osteonecrosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hueso, Necrosis</see-reference>
<site title="Cirugía de reemplazo de cadera" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/cirugia-de-reemplazo-de-cadera" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/hip-replacement-surgery">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calve-Perthes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001264.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/legg-calve-perthes-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374343?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/legg-calve-perthes-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374343?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/perthes-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/perthes-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración del cuerpo por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodyct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodyct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía ósea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injerto óseo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonegrafts.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonegrafts.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrosis avascular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/avascular-necrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369859?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/avascular-necrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369859?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007260.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteonecrosis de mandíbula" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-de-mandibula" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-of-the-jaw-onj">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la osteonecrosis?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteonecrosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteonecrosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis) is marked by a loss of blood supply to the bones, causing bone to break down faster than the body make new bone. " title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteonecrosis.html" id="1647" language="English" date-created="05/02/2002">
<also-called>Aseptic necrosis</also-called>
<also-called>Avascular necrosis</also-called>
<also-called>Ischemic necrosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Osteonecrosis is a disease caused by reduced blood flow to bones in the joints. In people with healthy bones, new bone is always replacing old bone. In osteonecrosis, the lack of blood causes the bone to break down faster than the body can make enough new bone. The bone starts to die and may break down.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can have osteonecrosis in one or several bones. It is most common in the upper leg. Other common sites are your upper arm and your knees, shoulders and ankles. The disease can affect men and women of any age, but it usually strikes in your thirties, forties or fifties. &lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;At first, you might not have any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, you will probably have joint pain that becomes more severe. You may not be able to bend or move the affected joint very well. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one is sure what causes the disease. Risk factors include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Long-term steroid treatment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Alcohol misuse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Joint injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Having certain diseases, including arthritis and cancer  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use imaging tests and other tests to diagnose osteonecrosis. Treatments include medicines, using crutches, limiting activities that put weight on the affected joints, electrical stimulation and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010020">Osteonecrosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteonecrosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287">Hip Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aseptic Necrosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Avascular Necrosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease</see-reference>
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<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Bone Grafts: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonegrafts.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonegrafts.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Bone Scan" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-scan/about/pac-20393136?p=1">
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Legg-Perthes+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Osteonecrosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Osteonecrosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hip Replacement Surgery" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/hip-replacement-surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/cirugia-de-reemplazo-de-cadera">
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<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kienböck's Disease" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/kienbocks-disease/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/perthes-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/perthes-disease.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/legg-calve-perthes-disease">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-espanol">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
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<site title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007260.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteonecrosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteonecrosis">
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<site title="Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-of-the-jaw-onj" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteonecrosis-de-mandibula">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
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<site title="Osteonecrosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Osteonecrosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La osteoporosis es una enfermedad que debilita los huesos y los hace más propensos a romperse o fracturarse. No hay síntomas hasta que se rompe el primer hueso." title="Osteoporosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html" id="2067" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La osteoporosis es una afección en la que sus huesos se debilitan y tienen más probabilidad de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturarse&lt;/a&gt; (romperse). La afección puede desarrollarse cuando su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt;densidad ósea&lt;/a&gt; y su masa ósea disminuyen. También puede ocurrir si la estructura y fuerza de sus huesos cambia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A la osteoporosis se le llama una afección "silenciosa" porque por lo general no causa síntomas. Usted puede no saber que tiene la afección hasta que se rompe un hueso. Esto puede pasar con cualquier hueso, pero es más común con los huesos de su cadera, vértebras en su columna y muñeca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sus huesos están hechos de tejido vivo. Para mantenerlos fuertes, su cuerpo descompone los huesos viejos y los remplaza con nuevos. La osteoporosis se desarrolla cuando se descompone más hueso del que se reemplaza. Usted pierde masa ósea y suceden cambios en la estructura del tejido del hueso. Esto puede pasar cuando usted envejece. Otros factores de riesgo pueden provocar el desarrollo de osteoporosis o aumentar las posibilidades de desarrollar la afección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar osteoporosis, sin embargo, usted tiene más probabilidades de desarrollarla si tiene uno o más factores de riesgo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su sexo.&lt;/strong&gt; La osteoporosis es más común en mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su edad.&lt;/strong&gt; Su riesgo aumenta conforme envejece. Es más común en personas mayores de 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;El tamaño de su cuerpo.&lt;/strong&gt; Es más común en personas que son delgadas y tienen huesos finos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su raza:&lt;/strong&gt; 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mujeres caucásicas y asiáticas tienen mayor riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mujeres de ascendencia afroamericana y mexicana tienen un menor riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los hombres caucásicos tienen mayor riesgo que los hombres afroamericanos y mexicanos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar.&lt;/strong&gt; Su riesgo de osteoporosis puede ser mayor si uno de sus padres tuvo osteoporosis o se rompió la cadera&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonales&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Niveles bajos de ciertas hormonas pueden incrementar su riesgo de desarrollar osteoporosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieta.&lt;/strong&gt; Una dieta que es baja en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y/o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; o no incluye suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteína&lt;/a&gt;, puede aumentar su riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Uso prolongado de ciertos medicamentos,&lt;/strong&gt; como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;Corticoides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inhibidores de la bomba de protones (que se usan para tratar la enfermedad del reflujo gastroesofágico &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamientos para tratar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener otras afecciones médicas,&lt;/strong&gt; como:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades del sistema endocrino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del sistema digestivo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;Artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Anorexia nervosa, un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno de la alimentación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su estilo de vida.&lt;/strong&gt; Ciertos factores de estilo de vida pueden contribuir a la pérdida de masa ósea, como:
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Uso prolongado de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;consumo excesivo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Inactividad física&lt;/a&gt; o periodos prolongados de reposo en cama&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, la osteoporosis no causa síntomas. Usted puede no saber que la tiene hasta que se rompe un hueso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud por lo general diagnostican la osteoporosis durante una prueba de detección de rutina de la afección. El grupo de servicios de prevención de los Estados Unidos recomienda una prueba de detección para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres mayores de 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres de cualquier edad que tienen factores que aumentan su probabilidad de desarrollar osteoporosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El grupo de servicio de prevención no recomienda pruebas de detección regulares para hombres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene osteoporosis, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le preguntará acerca de su historia médica y si alguna vez se ha roto un hueso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico, el cual puede incluir un chequeo de:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de altura y/o peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en su postura&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Equilibrio y marcha (la forma en que camina)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La fuerza de sus músculos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Probablemente pedirá una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/"&gt;densitometría ósea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El objetivo del tratamiento para la osteoporosis es retardar o detenerla pérdida de masa ósea y prevenir fracturas. Su profesional de la salud puede recomendar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una dieta saludable y balanceada que incluya suficiente calcio, vitamina D y proteína&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; y limitar el alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevención de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt; para ayudar a prevenir fracturas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicinas, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicinas para retardar la pérdida de masa ósea&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Medicinas para ayudar a reconstruir el hueso&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de manejar su osteoporosis, es importante evitar actividades que puedan causar una fractura. Éstas incluyen movimientos que involucren:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Torcer su columna vertebral, como utilizar un palo de golf&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inclinarse hacia adelante desde la cintura, como ejercicios abdominales y toque de dedos de los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede reducir su riesgo de romperse un hueso al prevenir caídas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se puede prevenir la osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar mantener los huesos sanos y ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis, lo mejor que puede hacer es comer una dieta saludable rica en calcio y vitamina D. También puede ayudar hacer actividad física regular, limitar el consumo de alcohol y no fumar.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html" id="37" language="English">Osteoporosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html" id="2781">Calcio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html" id="1913">Fracturas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Desgaste del hueso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hueso, Desgaste del</see-reference>
<site title="Aplastamiento vertebral de la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000443.htm">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-calcio/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio y la vitamina D: Importantes para la salud de los huesos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/el-calcio-y-la-vitamina-D-importantes-para-la-salud-de-los-huesos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/calcium-and-vitamin-d-important-bone-health">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Corticoesteroides inhalables y osteoporosis" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/corticoesteroides-inhalables-y-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Densidad ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio, el estilo de vida y los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000492.htm">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la dieta para la salud de los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000490_71.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000490_11.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la osteoporosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000360_66.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000360_6.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de densidad mineral ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007197.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
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<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Medicamentos para la osteoporosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000502.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/osteopenia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/osteopenia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/osteoporosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteoporosis-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.rheumatology.org/Practice/Clinical/Patients/Diseases_And_Conditions/Osteoporosis/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000360.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoporosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000093.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis en el envejecimiento: Proteja sus huesos con ejercicio" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/osteoporosis-en-el-envejecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/osteoporosis-aging">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis en los hombres" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/la-osteoporosis-en-los-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoporosis-men">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteoporosis-inducida-por-glucocorticoides" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de fracturas adicionales" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/prevencion-de-fracturas-adicionales" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/preventing-another-broken-bone">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos de los niños: Una guía para los padres" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/la-salud-de-los-huesos-de-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud de los huesos y la osteoporosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/salud-de-los-huesos-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/bone-health-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la osteoporosis: Los medicamentos pueden ayudar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis-treatment/ART-20046869?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis-treatment/ART-20046869?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastia para dolor por fractura de la columna" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vertebroplastia-para-dolor-por-fractura-de-la-columna/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vertebroplasty-for-spine-fracture-pain/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplastía y cifoplastía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vertebro" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vertebro">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es su riesgo de osteoporosis?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000506_61.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000506_1.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa la pérdida ósea?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000506.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens your bones and makes them more likely to break or fracture. There are no symptoms until the first bone break." title="Osteoporosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html" id="37" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Osteoporosis is a disease in which your bones become weak and are likely to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fracture&lt;/a&gt; (break). The disease can develop when your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;bone mineral density&lt;/a&gt; and bone mass decrease. It can also happen if the structure and strength of your bones change.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Osteoporosis is called a "silent" disease because it doesn't usually cause symptoms. You may not even know you have the disease until you break a bone. This could happen with any bone, but it's most common in the bones of your hip, vertebrae in the spine, and wrist.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your bones are made of living tissue. To keep them strong, your body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone. Osteoporosis develops when more bone is broken down than replaced. You lose bone mass and changes happen in the structure of your bone tissue. This can happen as you get older. Other risk factors can also lead to the development of osteoporosis or increase your chance of developing the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop osteoporosis, but you are more likely to develop it if you have one or more of risk factors:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Osteoporosis is more common in women.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk increases as you get older. It is most common in people over age 50.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your body size.&lt;/strong&gt; It is more common in people who are slim and thin boned.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your race:&lt;/strong&gt; 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;White and Asian women are at highest risk.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;African American and Mexican American women have a lower risk.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;White men are at higher risk than African American and Mexican American men.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk of osteoporosis may be higher if one of your parents has osteoporosis or broke their hip.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Changes to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Low levels of certain hormones can increase your chance of developing osteoporosis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diet. &lt;/strong&gt; A diet that is low in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and/or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; or does not include enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;protein&lt;/a&gt; can raise your risk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long-term use of certain medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, such as: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;Corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Proton pump inhibitors (which treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Medicines to treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having other medical conditions&lt;/strong&gt;, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;Endocrine diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html"&gt;digestive diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;Rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Certain types of cancer&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Anorexia nervosa, a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;eating disorder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your lifestyle.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain lifestyle factors can contribute to bone loss, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking tobacco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Long-term heavy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; use&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Physical inactivity&lt;/a&gt; or prolonged periods of bedrest&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Osteoporosis usually doesn't cause symptoms. You may not know that you have it until you break a bone.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is osteoporosis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers usually diagnose osteoporosis during routine &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;screening&lt;/a&gt; for the disease. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women over age 65&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women of any age who have factors that increase the chance of developing osteoporosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Task Force does not recommend regular screening for men.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have osteoporosis, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history and whether you have ever broken a bone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a physical exam, which could include checking for:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A loss of height and/or weight&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Changes in your posture&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Balance and gait (the way you walk)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Your muscle strength&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/"&gt;bone density scan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for osteoporosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The goals for treating osteoporosis are to slow or stop bone loss and to prevent fractures. Your provider may recommend:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A healthy, balanced diet that includes enough calcium, vitamin D, and protein&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lifestyle changes such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; and limiting alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;Fall&lt;/a&gt; prevention to help prevent fractures&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Medicines that slow down bone loss&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Medicines that help rebuild bone&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to managing your osteoporosis, it's important to avoid activities that may cause a fracture. These can include movements that involve:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Twisting your spine, like swinging a golf club&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bending forward from the waist, like sit ups and toe touches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also help reduce the risk of breaking a bone by preventing falls.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can osteoporosis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To help keep bones strong and help prevent osteoporosis, the best thing to do is to eat a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. Getting regular physical activity, limiting alcohol, and not smoking can also help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html" id="2067" language="Spanish">Osteoporosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010024">Osteoporosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058866">Osteoporotic Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/osteoporosis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html" id="5935">Bone Density</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html" id="2780">Calcium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html" id="257">Fractures</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html" id="5383">Vitamin D</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bone Loss</see-reference>
<site title="Bone Density Scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteoporosis-inducida-por-glucocorticoides">
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<site title="Kids and Their Bones" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/kids-and-their-bones" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/la-salud-de-los-huesos-de-los-ninos">
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<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
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<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/osteoporosis">
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<organization>Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Osteoporosis in Aging: Protect Your Bones with Exercise" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/osteoporosis-aging" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/osteoporosis-en-el-envejecimiento">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
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<site title="Osteoporosis in Men" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoporosis-men" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/la-osteoporosis-en-los-hombres">
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<site title="Osteoporosis Treatment" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/osteoporosis-treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/bifosfonatos-para-la-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
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<site title="Osteoporosis Treatment: Medications Can Help" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis-treatment/ART-20046869?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/in-depth/osteoporosis-treatment/ART-20046869?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteoporosis-pseudoglioma-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Fractures" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/pelvic-fractures" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/fracturas/fracturas-de-la-pelvis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Bone Health" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-bone-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/embarazo-lactancia-y-salud-de-los-huesos">
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<site title="Preventing Another Broken Bone" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/preventing-another-broken-bone" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/prevencion-de-fracturas-adicionales">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Osteoporosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Osteoporosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Osteoporotic+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<organization>Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation</organization>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="An ostomy treats certain diseases of the digestive or urinary systems. Learn about different types of ostomy including colostomy and ileostomy " title="Ostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ostomy.html" id="3038" language="English" date-created="01/22/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An ostomy is surgery to create an opening (stoma) from an area inside the body to the outside. It treats certain diseases of the digestive or urinary systems. It can be permanent, when an organ must be removed.  It can be temporary, when the organ needs time to heal.  The organ could be the small intestine, colon, rectum, or bladder. With an ostomy, there must be a new way for wastes to leave the body. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of ostomy. Some examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ileostomy - the bottom of the small intestine (ileum) is attached to the stoma. This bypasses the colon, rectum and anus.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Colostomy - the colon is attached to the stoma. This bypasses the rectum and the anus. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urostomy - the tubes that carry urine to the bladder are attached to the stoma. This bypasses the bladder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ostomy.html" id="3039" language="Spanish">Estomas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010030">Ostomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ostomy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Colostomy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ileostomy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Urostomy</see-reference>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Changing your ostomy pouch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000204.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Colostomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=colostomy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urinary Diversion" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urinary+Diversion%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002942.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colostomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colostomy Guide" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/colostomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias/colostomia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurse in Your Area" url="https://www.wocn.org/learning-center/patient-resources/find-a-nurse/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="For Parents of Children with Ostomies" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/stomas-or-ostomies/for-parents.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias/estomas-u-ostomias.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007378.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy - caring for your stoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000071.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy - changing your pouch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000072.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000074.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000227.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy and your child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000069.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy and your diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000070.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy Guide" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/ileostomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias/ileostomia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with an Ostomy" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/stomas-or-ostomies.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with your ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000075.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000075.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-fiber diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Ovarian cancer is hard to detect early because it may not cause early signs or symptoms.  It's important to recognize the signs and learn how to reduce your risk." title="Ovarian Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html" id="348" language="English" date-created="03/15/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is ovarian cancer?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which abnormal cells in the body grow out of control and form a tumor. Ovarian cancer is a cancerous tumor that forms in the tissues of an ovary. The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive glands that make eggs and female &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of ovarian cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are a few different types of ovarian cancer. The most common type is epithelial cancer. It begins in the cells that cover the ovary.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are also two related types of epithelial cancer that can spread to the ovaries:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fallopian tube cancer forms in the tissue lining a fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes are a pair of long, slender tubes on each side of the uterus. The uterus is the female reproductive organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Primary peritoneal cancer forms in the tissue lining the peritoneum. Your peritoneum is a tissue lining that covers the organs in the abdomen (belly).&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These two cancers are similar to ovarian cancer, and they have the same treatments. So some medical experts also consider those two types as ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some other rarer types of ovarian cancer are malignant germ cell tumors and stromal tumors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes ovarian cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ovarian cancer happens when there are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ovarian-cancer/"&gt;changes (mutations) in the genetic material&lt;/a&gt; (DNA). Often, the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most ovarian cancers are caused by genetic changes that happen during your lifetime. But sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. Ovarian cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of ovarian cancer, including changes called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca1/"&gt;BRCA1&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca2/"&gt;BRCA2&lt;/a&gt;. These two changes also raise your risk of breast and other cancers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Besides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop ovarian cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain people are more likely to develop ovarian cancer. They include those who:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of ovarian cancer in a mother, daughter, or sister&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have inherited changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain other genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html"&gt;endometriosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Took &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;hormone replacement therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are overweight or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are tall&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older, especially those who have gone through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ovarian cancer may not cause early signs or symptoms. By the time you do have signs or symptoms, the cancer is often advanced.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The signs and symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain, swelling, or a feeling of pressure in the abdomen or pelvis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden or frequent urge to urinate (pee)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble eating or feeling full&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in the pelvic area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gastrointestinal problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html"&gt;gas&lt;/a&gt;, bloating, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have ovarian cancer, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your &lt;strong&gt;medical history&lt;/strong&gt;, including your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your &lt;strong&gt;family health history&lt;/strong&gt;, including relatives who have had ovarian cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a &lt;strong&gt;physical exam&lt;/strong&gt;, including a pelvic exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely do &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do &lt;strong&gt;blood tests&lt;/strong&gt; such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ca-125-blood-test-ovarian-cancer/"&gt;CA-125 blood test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Often the only way to know for sure that you have ovarian cancer is by having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; of the tissue. A biopsy is done during surgery to remove the tumor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for ovarian cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for ovarian cancer may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; to remove as much of the cancer as possible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Targeted therapy&lt;/strong&gt;, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your provider may suggest that you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic testing&lt;/a&gt; to look for the gene changes that raise the risk for ovarian cancer. Knowing whether or not you have the gene change may help your provider decide on your treatment plan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as an Ovarian Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Olympic Gymnast Shannon Miller: Accepting Help was Essential to Ovarian Cancer Recovery" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/olympic-gymnast-shannon-miller-accepting-help-was-essential-to-ovarian-cancer-recovery" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/gimnasta-olimpica-shannon-miller-aceptar-ayuda-fue-esencial-para-su-recuperacion-del-cancer-de-ovario">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-pildoras-anticonceptivas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20375941?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000889.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer and Primary Peritoneal Cancer (PPC)" url="https://foundationforwomenscancer.org/gynecological-cancers/gynecologic-cancer-types/ovarian-cancer-primary-peritoneal/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Foundation for Women's Cancer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer Statistics" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/ovary.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ovarian-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer: Still Possible after Hysterectomy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/FAQ-20057780?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/expert-answers/ovarian-cancer/faq-20057780?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-prevention-pdq#_11" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/prevencion-ovario-pdq#section/_11">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-screening-pdq#_12" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/deteccion-ovario-pdq#_12">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Peritoneal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Fallopian+Tube+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Ovarian+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-screening-pdq#_35" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/deteccion-ovario-pdq#_35">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001172.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_130" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_130">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_122" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-ovario-pdq#_122">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-low-malignant-treatment-pdq#_61" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-ovario-bajo-potencial-maligno-pdq#_6">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/es/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Ovarian Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transvaginal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Stromal Tumors of the Ovary, By Stage" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/treating/stromal-tumors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/tratamiento/tumores-estromales.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Advanced Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_195" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_195">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Early Ovarian Epithelial and Fallopian Tube Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_347" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_347">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Recurrent or Persistent Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_203" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_203">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq#_156" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-epitelial-ovario-pdq#_156">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_149" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-ovario-pdq#_149">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-low-malignant-treatment-pdq#_67" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/ovario/paciente/tratamiento-ovario-bajo-potencial-maligno-pdq#_10">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triathlete on Winning the Cancer Race" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/triathlete-on-winning-the-cancer-race" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/triatleta-cuenta-su-victoria-en-la-carrera-contra-el-cancer">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Ovarian Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Ovarian Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/about/what-is-ovarian-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-ovario.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/ovarian-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-ovario/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac in or on the ovary. Most women have them sometime in their lives. Cysts are rarely cancerous in women under 50." title="Ovarian Cysts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancysts.html" id="349" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They produce a woman's eggs and make female &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary. They usually form during ovulation, when the ovary releases an egg. They are usually harmless and go away by themselves. Most women have them sometime during their lives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most ovarian cysts are small and don't cause symptoms. Women may not find out that they have them until they have a pelvic exam. If there are symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the lower abdomen, on the side where the cyst is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your health care provider finds a cyst, you may be able to wait to see if it gets bigger. You may need surgery if you have pain, are past menopause, or if the cyst does not go away. If a cyst bursts or causes bleeding, you should get medical help right away. Birth control pills can help prevent new cysts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rarely, ovarian cysts can become cancerous. This risk increases as you get older.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A health problem that involves ovarian cysts is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PCOS).  Women with PCOS can have high levels of male hormones, irregular or no periods, and small ovarian cysts.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html" id="2069" language="Spanish">Quistes ováricos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010048">Ovarian Cysts</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ovarian Cysts" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ovarian+Cysts%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Culdocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003919.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="DHEA-sulfate test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003717.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003710.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cysts" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/ovarian-cysts" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/ovarian-cysts">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian cysts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001504.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Cysts and Infertility: A Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/expert-answers/ovarian-cysts-and-infertility/FAQ-20057806?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/expert-answers/ovarian-cysts-and-infertility/faq-20057806?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian cysts" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ovarian+Cysts%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Transvaginal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ovarian disorders that affect women's health include cancer, cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome, and ovarian torsion. Learn more about ovarian health." title="Ovarian Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariandisorders.html" id="5804" language="English" date-created="06/08/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus.  Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The ovaries produce and store a woman's eggs. During ovulation, an ovary releases an egg. If that egg is fertilized by a sperm, a pregnancy can occur. Ovaries also make the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. When a woman goes through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt;, her ovaries stop making those hormones and releasing eggs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Problems with the ovaries include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html"&gt;Ovarian cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancysts.html"&gt;Ovarian cysts&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html"&gt;Primary ovarian insufficiency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ovarian torsion, a twisting of the ovary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariandisorders.html" id="5805" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los ovarios</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010049">Ovarian Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariandisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html" id="348">Ovarian Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancysts.html" id="349">Ovarian Cysts</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html" id="5912">Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3684">Primary Ovarian Insufficiency</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ovarian Insufficiency</see-reference>
<site title="Adnexal Torsion" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-gynecologic-abnormalities/adnexal-torsion" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/otras-alteraciones-ginecol%C3%B3gicas/torsi%C3%B3n-anexial">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ovarian Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ovarian+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="DHEA Sulfate Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007294.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian overproduction of androgens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001165.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001165.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Venous Disease (pelvic congestion syndrome or chronic pelvic pain)" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/conditions-and-treatments/pelvic-venous-disease/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perrault syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/perrault-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ovarian Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ovarian+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Over-the-counter medicines differ from prescription medicines but offer the same benefits. Find out how to use them properly." title="Over-the-Counter Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799" language="English" date-created="03/19/2004">
<also-called>Non-prescription drugs</also-called>
<also-called>OTC medicines</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are drugs you can buy without a prescription. Some OTC medicines relieve aches, pains, and itches. Some prevent or cure diseases, like tooth decay and athlete's foot. Others help manage recurring problems, like migraines and allergies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration decides whether a medicine is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html"&gt;safe&lt;/a&gt; and effective enough to sell over-the-counter. This allows you to take a more active role in your health care. But you also need to be careful to avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;mistakes&lt;/a&gt;. Make sure to follow the instructions on the drug label. If you don't understand the instructions, ask your pharmacist or health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Also keep in mind that that there are still &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;risks&lt;/a&gt; to taking OTC medicines:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The medicine you are taking could interact with other medicines, supplements, foods, or drinks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some medicines are not right for people with certain medical conditions. For example, people with high blood pressure should not take certain decongestants.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some people are allergic to certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Many medicines are not safe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;. If you are pregnant, check with your health care provider before taking any medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Be careful when giving medicines to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt;. Make sure that you give your child the correct dose. If you are giving your child a liquid medicine, don't use a kitchen spoon. Instead use a measuring spoon or a dosing cup marked in teaspoons.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have been taking an OTC medicine but your symptoms don't go away, contact your health care provider. You should not take OTC medicines longer or in higher doses than the label recommends. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3800" language="Spanish">Medicamentos sin receta médica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004366">Nonprescription Drugs</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4961">Cold and Cough Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html" id="5603">Drug Reactions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html" id="1445">Drug Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html" id="5719">Medication Errors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005">Medicines and Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" id="4059">Pain Relievers</related-topic>
<see-reference>About Your Medicines</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drug Information</see-reference>
<see-reference>Medicines, Over-the-Counter</see-reference>
<see-reference>Non-Prescription Drugs</see-reference>
<see-reference>OTC Medicines</see-reference>
<site title="Acetaminophen Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antihistamines: Understanding Your OTC Options" url="https://familydoctor.org/antihistamines-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antihistaminicos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Careful: Acetaminophen in Pain Relief Medicines Can Cause Liver Damage" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-use-over-counter-pain-relievers-and-fever-reducers/careful-acetaminophen-pain-relief-medicines-can-cause-liver-damage">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children's Over the Counter Cough (OTC) and Cold Medicines: Dos and Don'ts" url="https://familydoctor.org/dos-and-donts-of-giving-otc-cough-and-cold-medicines-to-your-child/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidados-con-medicamentos-para-el-resfrio-y-la-tos-para-su-hijo/?adfree=true/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough and Cold Medicine Abuse (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cough-cold-medicine-abuse.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generic Drugs Undergo Rigorous FDA Review" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/generic-drugs-undergo-rigorous-fda-review">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generic Drugs: Questions &amp; Answers" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/frequently-asked-questions-popular-topics/generic-drugs-questions-answers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/112590/download">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most from Your OTC Medicine" url="https://familydoctor.org/getting-the-most-from-your-otc-medicine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aprovechar-al-maximo-su-medicamento-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Harmful Interactions: Mixing Alcohol with Medicines" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/reacciones-adversas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How and when to get rid of unused medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000943.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Transdermal Patches" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/transdermal-patches">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liquid Medications" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/liquid-medications">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines in My Home: Information for Adults on Using Over-the-Counter Medicines Safely" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/78537/download">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Drug Information" url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginformation.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="OTC Medicines and Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/otc-medicines-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-y-el-embarazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="OTC Medicines: Know Your Risks and Reduce Them" url="https://familydoctor.org/otc-medicines-know-your-risks-and-reduce-them/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-de-venta-libre-conozca-sus-riesgos-y-reduzcalos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines DrugFacts" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/over-counter-medicines">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-Counter Medicine Label: Take a Look" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs/over-counter-medicine-label-take-look">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-counter medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002208.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-Counter Medicines: What's Right for You?" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/over-counter-medicines-whats-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-you-drugs/medicamentos-sin-receta-cual-es-adecuado-para-usted">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-Counter Medicines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nonprescription+Drugs%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions and Answers on Unapproved Chelation Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/medication-health-fraud/questions-and-answers-unapproved-chelation-products">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recipe for Danger: Social Media Challenges Involving Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/recipe-danger-social-media-challenges-involving-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/una-combinacion-peligrosa-los-retos-con-medicamentos-en-las-redes-sociales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salicylates Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/salicylates-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-salicilatos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Storing your medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000534.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking medicines - what to ask your provider" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000535.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Medicines Wisely" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/use-medicines-wisely" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/sepa-como-tomar-sus-medicamentos-use-medicines-wisely">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using over-the-counter medicines safely" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000882.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Pharmacology?" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2023/08/what-is-pharmacology/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="An overactive bladder (or polyuria) will cause you to urinate 8 or more times a day or 2 or more times a night. Read about the treatment available" title="Overactive Bladder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html" id="6132" language="English" date-created="05/20/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Overactive bladder is a condition in which the bladder squeezes urine out at the wrong time. You may have overactive bladder if you have two or more of these symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You urinate eight or more times a day or two or more times at night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have the sudden, strong need to urinate immediately&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You leak urine after a sudden, strong urge to urinate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You also may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;incontinence&lt;/a&gt;, a loss of bladder control. Nerve problems, too much fluid, or too much caffeine can cause it. Often the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor may prescribe a medicine that can calm muscles and nerves. The medicine may come as a pill, a liquid, or a patch. The medicines can cause your eyes to become dry. They can also cause dry mouth and constipation.  To deal with these effects, use eye drops to keep your eyes moist, chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy if dry mouth bothers you, and take small sips of water throughout the day.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html" id="6133" language="Spanish">Vejiga hiperactiva</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D053201">Urinary Bladder, Overactive</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164">Bladder Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html" id="114">Urinary Incontinence</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urinary Bladder, Overactive" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urinary+Bladder,+Overactive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daily Bladder Diary" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/-/media/Files/Urologic-Diseases/diary_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/lo-que-su-medico-debe-saber/su-registro-diario-funcionamiento-vejiga">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequent or urgent urination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kegel Exercises" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kegel-exercises" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/ejercicios-kegel">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kegel Exercises for Men: Understand the Benefits" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overactive Bladder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355715?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355715?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overactive Bladder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinary+Bladder%2C+Overactive%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Urge incontinence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001270.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Incontinence: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Imaging" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urodynamic Testing" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urodynamic-testing" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-urodinamicas">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los oxiuros son lombrices intestinales que pueden vivir en el colon y el recto, usualmente en niños. Pueden causar picazón intensa. Prevención. " title="Oxiuros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinworms.html" id="3066" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2003">
<also-called>Lombrices intestinales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los oxiuros son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parásitos&lt;/a&gt; que pueden vivir en el colon y en el recto de una persona. Se pueden adquirir cuando se tragan los huevos de este parásito. Los huevos se abren dentro de sus intestinos. Mientras usted duerme, los oxiuros hembra salen de los intestinos a través del ano y ponen sus huevos en la piel que lo rodea. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los oxiuros se propagan muy rápidamente. Cuando la persona infectada toca su ano, los huevos quedan pegados a las puntas de sus dedos. Así, pueden propagar los huevos a través de sus manos, ropa contaminada, comida y otros artículos. Los huevos pueden sobrevivir por dos semanas en las superficies de la casa.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La infección es más común en niños. Muchas personas no tienen síntomas. Algunas sienten picazón alrededor del ano o de la vagina. La picazón puede volverse más intensa, interferir con el sueño y poner de mal humor a la persona.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Su doctor puede diagnosticar una infección por oxiuros buscando los huevos. Una forma común de hacer esto es usando una cinta adhesiva donde se juntan los huevos. Las infecciones más leves no necesitan medicamentos. Si una persona necesita medicamentos, todas las otras personas que viven con ella, también los necesitan.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir una infección o una reinfección:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Báñese al levantarse &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lave seguido sus pijamas y sábanas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lave sus manos con frecuencia, sobre todo después de usar el escusado o de cambiar pañales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambie su ropa interior todos los días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite morderse las uñas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite rascarse la zona anal&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html" id="3065" language="English">Pinworms</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Cómo prevenir los piojos, los oxiuros y el SARM (staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina) en la piscina" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-los-piojos-los-oxiuros-y-el-sarm-staphylococcus-aureus-resistente-a-la-meticilina.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-lice-pinworms-and-mrsa-at-the-pool.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen para oxiuros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003452.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por oxiuros" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pinworm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pinworm.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por gusanos intestinales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pinworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20376382?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20376382?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por gusanos intestinales: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pinworm/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376386?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por oxiuros" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-oxiuros-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/infections/kids/139.printerview.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxiuriasis" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/pinworm/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxiuros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001152.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxiuros (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pinworm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pinworm.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Oxygen therapy is a treatment that provides extra oxygen. A different kind of oxygen therapy is called hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Find out more. " title="Oxygen Therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" id="5334" language="English" date-created="12/22/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is oxygen?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oxygen is a gas that your body needs to work properly. Your cells need oxygen to make energy. Your lungs absorb oxygen from the air you breathe. The oxygen enters your blood from your lungs and travels to your organs and body tissues.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Certain medical conditions can cause your blood oxygen levels to be too low. Low blood oxygen may make you feel &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;short of breath&lt;/a&gt;, tired, and confused. It can also damage your body. Oxygen therapy can help you get more oxygen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is oxygen therapy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oxygen therapy is a treatment that provides you with extra oxygen to breathe in. It is also called supplemental oxygen. It is only available through a prescription from your health care provider. You may get it in the hospital, another medical setting, or at home. Some people only need it for a short period of time. Others will need long-term oxygen therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of devices that can give you oxygen. Some use tanks of liquid or gas oxygen. Others use an oxygen concentrator, which pulls oxygen out of the air. You will get the oxygen through a nose tube (cannula), a mask, or a tent. The extra oxygen is breathed in along with normal air.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are portable versions of the tanks and oxygen concentrators. They can make it easier for you to move around while using your therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs oxygen therapy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may need oxygen therapy if you have a condition that causes low blood oxygen, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;Pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt; attack&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Late-stage &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;Cystic fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of using oxygen therapy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oxygen therapy is generally safe, but it can cause side effects. They include a dry or bloody nose, tiredness, and morning headaches.&lt;/p&gt;	
&lt;p&gt;Oxygen poses a fire risk, so you should never smoke or use flammable materials when using oxygen. If you use oxygen tanks, make sure your tank is secured and stays upright. If it falls and cracks or the top breaks off, the tank can fly like a missile.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a different type of oxygen therapy. It involves breathing oxygen in a pressurized chamber or tube. That allows your lungs to gather up to three times more oxygen than you would get by breathing oxygen at normal air pressure. The extra oxygen moves through your blood and to your organs and body tissues.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;HBOT is used to treat certain serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;wounds&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;burns&lt;/a&gt;, injuries, and infections. It also treats air or gas embolisms (bubbles of air in your bloodstream), decompression sickness suffered by divers, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;carbon monoxide poisoning&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But some treatment centers claim that HBOT can treat almost anything, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;autism&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html"&gt;Lyme disease&lt;/a&gt;. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not cleared or approved the use of HBOT for these conditions. There are risks to using HBOT, so always check with your provider before you try it.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" id="5335" language="Spanish">Terapia con oxígeno</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010102">Oxygen Inhalation Therapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Hyperbaric Oxygen</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperbaric Oxygenation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperbaric+Oxygenation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Oxygen Inhalation Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Oxygen+Inhalation+Therapy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Five Steps for Successful Flying with Oxygen" url="https://www.lung.org/blog/flying-with-oxygen">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Disease Treatments" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-treatments">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mechanical Ventilation" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/mechanical-ventilation.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/mechanical-ventilation.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medical Oxygen Safety" url="https://www.nfpa.org/downloadable-resources/safety-tip-sheets/medical-oxygen-safety-tip-sheet">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Fire Protection Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="On the Go with Oxygen" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/on-the-go-with-oxygen?modal=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/oxygen-therapy.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/oxygen-therapy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen therapy in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007242.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy: Traveling with Oxygen" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/oxygen-therapy/traveling-with-oxygen">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Oxygen+Inhalation+Therapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximeters and Oxygen Concentrators: What to Know About At-Home Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/pulse-oximeters-and-oxygen-concentrators-what-know-about-home-oxygen-therapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/oximetros-de-pulso-y-concentradores-de-oxigeno-lo-que-debe-saber-sobre-la-terapia-de-oxigeno-en-el">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with breathing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with Portable Oxygen" url="https://www.chestnet.org/sitecore%20modules/web/~/media/chesnetorg/Foundation/Documents/Traveling%20with%20Oxygen.ashx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Chest Physicians</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using oxygen at home - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ozone is a gas that can be good or bad. Good ozone is 10-30 miles above Earth's surface while bad ozone is at ground level. Read more about both." title="Ozone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ozone.html" id="1539" language="English" date-created="09/21/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ozone is a gas. It can be good or bad, depending on where it is. "Good" ozone occurs naturally about 10 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface. It shields us from the sun's ultraviolet rays. Part of the good ozone layer is gone. Man-made chemicals have destroyed it. Without enough good ozone, people may get too much ultraviolet radiation.  This may increase the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and immune system problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;"Bad" ozone is at ground level. It forms when pollutants from cars, factories, and other sources react chemically with sunlight. It is the main ingredient in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html"&gt;smog&lt;/a&gt;. It is usually worst in the summer. Breathing bad ozone can be harmful. It can cause coughing, throat irritation, worsening of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;bronchitis, and emphysema&lt;/a&gt;. It can lead to permanent lung damage, if you are regularly exposed to it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ozone.html" id="2070" language="Spanish">Ozono</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010126">Ozone</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D062952">Stratospheric Ozone</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ozone.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<site title="Air Pollution and Asthma (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ozone-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ozone-asthma.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="AirNow: Local Air Quality Conditions and Forecasts" url="https://www.airnow.gov/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ozone Exposure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22ozone+exposure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Green Vehicle Guide" url="https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ground-Level Ozone Pollution" url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-level-ozone-pollution">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ozone Air Purifiers: Can They Improve Asthma Symptoms?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma/FAQ-20058187?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma/faq-20058187?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ozone Generators That Are Sold as Air Cleaners" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ozone Layer Protection" url="https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ozone" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ozone%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Stratospheric+Ozone%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sunwise" url="https://www.neefusa.org/what-we-do/health/sunwise" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/sunwise/es/ninos/ninos_ozono.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El ozono es un gas que puede ser bueno o malo. El bueno se ubica entre 10-30 millas de altura, el malo en la superficie y puede causar problemas de salud. " title="Ozono" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ozone.html" id="2070" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ozono es un gas incoloro que se encuentra en el aire que respiramos. Puede ser bueno o malo, dependiendo de donde se encuentre. El ozono "bueno" se encuentra en la naturaleza a aproximadamente 10 a 30 millas sobre la superficie terrestre. Nos protege de los rayos ultravioleta del sol. Parte de la capa de ozono bueno desapareció por sustancias químicas fabricadas por el hombre. Sin suficiente ozono bueno, las personas pueden exponerse a demasiada radiación ultravioleta. Eso puede aumentar el riesgo de cáncer en la piel, cataratas y problemas en el sistema inmunitario.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El ozono "malo" se encuentra al nivel del suelo. Se forma cuando los contaminantes de los automóviles, las fábricas y otras fuentes reaccionan químicamente con la luz del sol. Es el componente principal del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;smog&lt;/a&gt;. Suele ser peor en verano. Respirar el ozono malo puede ser dañino. Provoca tos, irritación en la garganta, empeoramiento de afecciones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;bronquitis y enfisema&lt;/a&gt; y hasta daños pulmonares permanentes, si la exposición a éste es habitual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia de Protección Ambiental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ozone.html" id="1539" language="English">Ozone</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html" id="1730">Contaminación del aire</related-topic>
<see-reference>Agujero de ozono</see-reference>
<site title="Contaminación atmosférica y asma (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ozone-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contaminación atmosférica y el asma (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ozone-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ozone-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Purificadores de aire con generador de ozono: ¿Pueden mejorar los síntomas del asma?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma/faq-20058187?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/asthma/FAQ-20058187?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smog: ¿A quién perjudica?" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=00002RWJ.txt" language-mapped-url="https://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=smog.index">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Consiga sus gases de invernadero gomosos!" url="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/gumdrops/sp/">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Vivir en un invernadero? ¡Sería terrible!" url="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/greenhouse/sp/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pacemakers and implantable defibrillators are devices that monitor and help control abnormal heart rhythms. Learn who needs one, and how they work." title="Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3447" language="English" date-created="07/09/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; is any disorder of your heart rate or rhythm. It means that your heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern. Most arrhythmias result from problems in the electrical system of the heart. If your arrhythmia is serious, you may need a cardiac pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).  They are devices that are implanted in your chest or abdomen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A pacemaker helps control abnormal heart rhythms. It uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. It can speed up a slow heart rhythm, control a fast heart rhythm, and coordinate the chambers of the heart.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An ICD monitors heart rhythms. If it senses dangerous rhythms, it delivers shocks. This treatment is called defibrillation. An ICD can help control life-threatening arrhythmias, especially those that can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;sudden cardiac arrest&lt;/a&gt; (SCA). Most new ICDs can act as both a pacemaker and a defibrillator. Many ICDs also record the heart's electrical patterns when there is an abnormal heartbeat. This can help the doctor plan future treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Getting a pacemaker or ICD requires minor surgery. You usually need to stay in the hospital for a day or two, so your doctor can make sure that the device is working well. You will probably be back to your normal activities within a few days.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3448" language="Spanish">Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017147">Defibrillators, Implantable</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010138">Pacemaker, Artificial</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html" id="147">Arrhythmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html" id="199">Heart Failure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Defibrillators, Implantable</see-reference>
<see-reference>Implantable Defibrillators</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/treatment-options-for-heart-failure/cardiac-resynchronization-therapy-crt">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardioverter-Defibrillator: A Treatment for Arrhythmia" url="https://familydoctor.org/cardioverter-defibrillator-a-treatment-for-arrhythmia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cardioversor-desfibrilador-un-tratamiento-para-la-arritmia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Defibrillators, Implantable" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=defibrillator&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pacemaker, Artificial" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=artificial+pacemaker&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with My Partner's ICD and Cardiac Disease" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.109.877613">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Trauma and Stressful Events As a Patient with an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.127563">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Devices that May Interfere with ICDs and Pacemakers" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention--treatment-of-arrhythmia/devices-that-may-interfere-with-icds-and-pacemakers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Heart Rhythm Specialist" url="https://www.hrsonline.org/find-a-specialist">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Heart Rhythm Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart failure - surgeries and devices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000363.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart pacemaker" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007369.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart pacemaker - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000097.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Rhythm Society" url="https://www.hrsonline.org/patient-resources">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Heart Rhythm Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implantable cardioverter defibrillator - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000108.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000108.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007370.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Your Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention--treatment-of-arrhythmia/living-with-your-implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator-icd">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="My Child Needs or Has an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: What Should I Do?" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.098541">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pacemakers" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pacemaker%2C+Artificial%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Defibrillators%2C+Implantable%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask Your Doctor: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention--treatment-of-arrhythmia/questions-to-ask-your-doctor--implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator-icd">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health for Patients with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.949628">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Defibrillators?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/defibrillators" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/desfibriladores">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Pacemakers?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pacemakers" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/marcapasos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pacemaker?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-a-pacemaker.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Paget's disease of bone causes your bones to grow too large and weak. It can cause pain and damage in the bones. Learn more." title="Paget's Disease of Bone" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html" id="1607" language="English" date-created="03/28/2002">
<also-called>Osteitis deformans</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Paget's disease of bone?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Paget's disease of bone is a chronic bone disorder. Normally, there is a process in which your bones break down and then regrow. In Paget's disease, this process is abnormal. There is excessive breakdown and regrowth of bone. Because the bones regrow too quickly, they are bigger and softer than normal. They may be misshapen and easily &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractured&lt;/a&gt; (broken). Paget's usually affects just one or a few bones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Paget's disease of bone?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers do not know for sure what causes Paget's disease. Environmental factors may play a role. In some cases, the disease runs in families, and several genes have been linked to the disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for Paget's disease of bone?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The disease is more common in older people and those of northern European heritage. If you have a close relative who has Paget's, you are much more likely to have it.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Paget's disease of bone?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many people do not know that they have Paget's, because it often has no symptoms. When there are symptoms, they are similar to those of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt; and other disorders. The symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;Pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which may be due to the disease or to arthritis, which can be a complication of Paget's&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which can happen when Paget's disease affects the skull&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pressure on the nerves&lt;/strong&gt;, which can happen when Paget's disease affects the skull or spine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increased head size, bowing of a limb, or curvature of the spine.&lt;/strong&gt; This can happen in advanced cases.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hip pain&lt;/strong&gt;, if Paget's disease affects the pelvis or thighbone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Damage to the cartilage of your joints&lt;/strong&gt;, which may lead to arthritis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usually, Paget's disease gets worse slowly over time. It does not spread to normal bones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can Paget's disease of bone cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Paget's disease can lead to other complications, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arthritis, because the misshapen bones can cause increased pressure and more wear and tear on the joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;Heart failure&lt;/a&gt;. In severe Paget's disease, the heart has to work harder to pump blood to affected bones. Heart failure is more likely if you also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;hardening of the arteries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html"&gt;Kidney stones&lt;/a&gt;, which can happen when the excessive breakdown of the bone leads to extra calcium in the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Nervous system problems&lt;/a&gt;, since the bones can cause pressure on the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. There may also be reduced blood flow to the brain and spinal cord.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Osteosarcoma, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html"&gt;cancer of the bone&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loose teeth, if Paget's disease affects the facial bones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision loss&lt;/a&gt;, if Paget's disease in the skull affects the nerves. This is rare.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Paget's disease of bone diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; of the affected bones. Paget's disease is almost always diagnosed using x-rays.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/"&gt;alkaline phosphatase blood test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A bone scan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the disease is found by accident when one of these tests is done for another reason.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Paget's disease of bone?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To avoid complications, it is important to find and treat Paget's disease early. The treatments include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; There are several different medicines to treat Paget's disease. The most common type is bisphosphonates. They help reduce bone pain and stop or slow down the progress of the disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; is sometimes needed for certain complications of the disease. There are surgeries to
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Allow fractures (broken bones) to heal in a better position&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Replace joints such as the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html"&gt;knee&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html"&gt;hip&lt;/a&gt; when there is severe arthritis&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Realign a deformed bone to reduce the pain in weight-bearing joints, especially the knees&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Reduce pressure on a nerve, if enlargement of the skull or spine injuries effects the nervous system&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Diet and exercise do not treat Paget's, but they can help to keep your skeleton healthy. If you do not have kidney stones, you should make sure to get enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; through your diet and supplements. Besides keeping your skeleton healthy, exercise can prevent weight gain and maintain the mobility of your joints. Talk with your health care provider before you start a new exercise program. You need to make sure that the exercise does not put too much stress on the affected bones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Pain is a feeling triggered in the nervous system. You may feel it as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Read about the causes and what can help." title="Pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pain is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong. It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Pain may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel pain in one area of your body, such as your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;pelvis&lt;/a&gt;, or you may feel pain all over.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Pain can be helpful in diagnosing a problem. If you never felt pain, you might seriously hurt yourself without knowing it, or you might not realize you have a medical problem that needs treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two types of pain: acute and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic&lt;/a&gt;. Acute pain usually comes on suddenly, because of a disease, injury, or inflammation. It can often be diagnosed and treated. It usually goes away, though sometimes it can turn into chronic pain. Chronic pain lasts for a long time, and can cause severe problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pain is not always curable, but there are many ways to treat it. Treatment depends on the cause and type of pain. There are drug treatments, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;. There are also &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html"&gt;non-drug treatments&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuncture&lt;/a&gt;, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pain" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pain+Perception%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pain%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pain+Management%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastornos-somatomorfos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trouble With Touch? Feeling Your World" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/trouble-touch" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiene-problemas-con-el-tacto">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using Alcohol to Relieve Your Pain: What Are the Risks?" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/using-alcohol-to-relieve-your-pain" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/recurrir-al-alcohol-para-aliviar-el-dolor-cuales-son-los-riesgos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Have Pain?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pain.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many pain relievers available. Read about over-the-counter vs. prescribed pain killers and how each might affect your health." title="Pain Relievers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html" id="4059" language="English" date-created="01/19/2005">
<also-called>Analgesics</also-called>
<also-called>Pain killers</also-called>
<also-called>Pain medicines</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pain relievers are medicines that reduce or relieve headaches, sore muscles, arthritis, or other aches and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;pains&lt;/a&gt;.  There are many different pain medicines, and each one has advantages and risks. Some types of pain respond better to certain medicines than others. Each person may also have a slightly different response to a pain reliever. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;Over-the-counter&lt;/a&gt; (OTC) medicines are good for many types of pain. There are two main types of OTC pain medicines: acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin, naproxen (Aleve), and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are examples of OTC NSAIDs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If OTC medicines don't relieve your pain, your doctor may prescribe something stronger. Many NSAIDs are also available at higher prescription doses. The most powerful pain relievers are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioids&lt;/a&gt;. They are very effective, but they can sometimes have serious side effects. There is also a risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioids&lt;/a&gt;. Because of the risks, you must use them only under a doctor's supervision.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There are many things you can do to help ease pain. Pain relievers are just one part of a pain treatment plan.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html" id="4060" language="Spanish">Analgésicos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018712">Analgesics, Non-Narcotic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html" id="5995">Chronic Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html" id="3799">Over-the-Counter Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<see-reference>Analgesics</see-reference>
<see-reference>Methadone</see-reference>
<see-reference>Narcotics</see-reference>
<see-reference>Painkillers</see-reference>
<site title="Accidental Exposures to Fentanyl Patches Continue to Be Deadly to Children" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/accidental-exposures-fentanyl-patches-continue-be-deadly-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-exposicion-accidental-los-parches-de-fentanilo-sigue-siendo-mortal-para-los-ninos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acetaminophen dosing for children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000783.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acetaminophen Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acetaminophen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-acetaminofen/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acetaminophen overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002598.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002598.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="An Acetaminophen Overdose Is Serious and It Can Happen Easier Than You Might Think" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Analgesic nephropathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000482.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspirin overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002542.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain Medicines" url="https://familydoctor.org/chronic-pain-medicines/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-para-el-dolor-cronico/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain: Medication Decisions" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/chronic-pain-medication-decisions/art-20360371?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/chronic-pain-medication-decisions/art-20360371?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Analgesics" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Analgesics%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Narcotics" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=narcotics&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisone Shots" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diclofenac sodium overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002630.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Don't Overuse Acetaminophen" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/dont-overuse-acetaminophen" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/no-abuse-del-acetaminofen">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenoprofen calcium overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002649.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ibuprofen dosing for children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000772.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ibuprofen overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002655.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indomethacin overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002657.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Kidneys Safe: Smart Choices about Medicines" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/keeping-kidneys-safe">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ketoprofen overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002661.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meclofenamate overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002671.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Naproxen sodium overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002507.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nerve Blocks" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nerveblock" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nerveblock">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/nsaids-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/aines-medicamentos-antiinflamatorios-no-esteroides">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over-the-counter pain relievers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002123.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain Control after Surgery: Pain Medicines" url="https://familydoctor.org/pain-control-after-surgery-pain-medicines/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/control-del-dolor-despues-de-la-cirugia-medicamentos-para-el-dolor/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain medications - narcotics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007489.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain Relievers: Understanding Your OTC Options" url="https://familydoctor.org/pain-relievers-understanding-your-otc-options/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-analgesicos-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pentazocine overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002519.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piroxicam overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002534.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medicines" url="https://familydoctor.org/prescription-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-medicines/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicamentos-para-el-dolor-que-requieren-prescripcion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Propoxyphene overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002537.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Narcotic pain relievers" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Analgesics%2C+Non-Narcotic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe Use, Storage, and Disposal of Opioid Drugs" url="https://familydoctor.org/safe-use-storage-and-disposal-of-opioid-drugs/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/uso-almacenamiento-y-desecho-seguro-de-medicamentos-opioides/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salicylates Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/salicylates-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-salicilatos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sulindac overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002551.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Support for People with Cancer: Cancer Pain Control" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/paincontrol.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taking narcotics for back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000413.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tolmetin overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002558.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Pain Medicines" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-pain-medicines" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/las-mujeres-y-los-analgesicos-women-and-pain-medicines">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you have a serious illness, palliative care can treat your discomfort, pain, other symptoms, and stress. It can improve your quality of life. Learn more." title="Palliative Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html" id="4823" language="English" date-created="08/12/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Palliative care is treatment of the discomfort, symptoms, and stress of serious illness.  It provides relief from distressing symptoms including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;Pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Constipation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can also help you deal with the side effects of the medical treatments you're receiving.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html"&gt;Hospice care&lt;/a&gt;, care at the end of life, always includes palliative care.  But you may receive palliative care at any stage of an illness.  The goal is to make you comfortable and improve your quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Nursing Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html" id="4824" language="Spanish">Cuidado paliativo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010166">Palliative Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/palliativecare.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html" id="1355">Hospice Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html" id="351">Pain</related-topic>
<site title="3 Tips for Families Considering Palliative Care" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/3-tips-for-families-considering-palliative-care" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tres-sugerencias-para-familias-que-estan-considerando-cuidados-paliativos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Pain Control: Support for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/pain-control" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/control-dolor.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Palliative Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22palliative+care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comfort Care for Kids and Their Families: A Mother's Story" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/comfort-care-for-kids-and-their-families-a-mothers-story" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuidados-de-confort-para-ninos-y-sus-familias-la-historia-de-una-madre">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Home Care or Hospice Agency" url="https://allianceforcareathome.org/find-a-provider/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Alliance for Care at Home</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding Family Support Resource Card" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NINR_508c_Finding-Support-updated-jan2016.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Is Palliative Care Right for You?" url="https://getpalliativecare.org/rightforyou/">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Center to Advance Palliative Care</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meet the Palliative Care Team" url="https://getpalliativecare.org/howtoget/palliative-care-team-family-meeting/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Center to Advance Palliative Care</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Alliance for Care at Home" url="https://allianceforcareathome.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Alliance for Care at Home</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Nursing Research" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palliative Care" url="https://familydoctor.org/palliative-care/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidados-paliativos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - fear and anxiety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000470.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - fluid, food, and digestion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000531.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - managing pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000532.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - shortness of breath" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative care - what the final days are like" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000533.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palliative Care for Children: Support for the Whole Family When Your Child Is Living with a Serious Illness" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/docs/NINR_508cBrochure_2015-7-7.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/sites/files/docs/NINR_508cBrochure_Spanish_2015.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palliative Care in Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/palliative-care-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/opciones-de-cuidado/hoja-informativa-cuidados-paliativos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palliative Care: The Relief You Need When You Have a Serious Illness" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/docs/palliative-care-brochure.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/sites/files/docs/cuidadospaliativos.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Palliative Care at a Glance" url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NINR_508c_AtaGlance.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninr.nih.gov/newsandinformation/conversationsmatter/breve-descripcion-de-los-cuidados-paliativos-pedia">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Palliative Care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Palliative+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shortness-of-Breath" url="https://getpalliativecare.org/shortness-of-breath/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Center to Advance Palliative Care</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Palliative Care?" url="https://getpalliativecare.org/whatis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Center to Advance Palliative Care</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Palliative Care?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-is-palliative-care" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/que-son-los-cuidados-paliativos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is palliative care?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000536.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Who's on Your Palliative Care Team?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/whos-on-your-palliative-care-team" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/quienes-forman-parte-de-su-equipo-decuidados-paliativos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A pancreas transplant is surgery to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person with a diseased pancreas. Learn more." title="Pancreas Transplantation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html" id="352" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces the juices that help break down food and the hormones that help control blood sugar levels. A pancreas transplant is surgery to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person with a diseased pancreas.  It is mostly done for people with severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. It can allow them to give up insulin shots.  An experimental procedure called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html"&gt;islet cell transplantation&lt;/a&gt; transplants only the parts of the pancreas that make insulin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;transplants&lt;/a&gt; must take drugs to keep their body from rejecting the new pancreas for the rest of their lives. They must also have regular follow-up care. Because of the risks, it is not a common treatment for type 1 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html" id="2073" language="Spanish">Trasplante de páncreas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016035">Pancreas Transplantation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pancreas Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22pancreas+transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting a New Pancreas: Facts about Pancreas Transplants" url="https://www.myast.org/uploads/files/general/Getting-A-New-Pancreas_FINAL.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Transplantation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney-Pancreas Transplant" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-pancreas-transplant">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network: Member Directory" url="https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/about/search-membership/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreas transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003007.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreas transplant - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100129_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100129_1.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreas Transplantation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pancreas+Transplantation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="The SRTR/OPTN Annual Data Report" url="https://www.srtr.org/reports/optnsrtr-annual-data-report/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach that produces insulin. Pancreatic cancer is hard to catch early. Find out about risk factors and symptoms." title="Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html" id="469" language="English" date-created="06/21/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces the juices that help break down food and the hormones that help control &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt; levels. Pancreatic cancer usually begins in the cells that produce the juices. Some risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Smoking &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Long-term diabetes &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Chronic pancreatitis &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Certain hereditary disorders &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pancreatic cancer is hard to catch early. It doesn't cause symptoms right away. When you do get symptoms, they are often vague or you may not notice them. They include yellowing of the skin and eyes, pain in the abdomen and back, weight loss and fatigue. Also, because the pancreas is hidden behind other organs, health care providers cannot see or feel the tumors during routine exams. Doctors use a physical exam, blood tests, imaging tests, and a biopsy to diagnose it.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Because it is often found late and it spreads quickly, pancreatic cancer can be hard to treat.  Possible treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html" id="2074" language="Spanish">Cáncer de páncreas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010190">Pancreatic Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="110">Pancreatic Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Islet Cell Carcinoma</see-reference>
<site title="7 Physical Challenges Supportive Care Can Help" url="https://pancan.org/news/7-physical-challenges-supportive-care-can-help/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Pancreatic Cancer Action Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Pancreatic Cancer Can Be Hereditary" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/familial/about">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acupuncture for Pancreatic Cancer Patients" url="https://pancan.org/news/acupuncture-for-pancreatic-cancer-patients/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Pancreatic Cancer Action Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amylase - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amylase Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amylase-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-amilasa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsy - biliary tract" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003894.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CA 19-9 Blood Test (Pancreatic Cancer)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ca-19-9-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ca-19-9-en-sangre-cancer-de-pancreas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Pancreatic Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics: Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Pancreatic Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/child-pancreatic-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Islet Cell" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma,+Islet+Cell%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pancreatic Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pancreatic+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/pancreatic">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pancreatic-treatment-pdq#_110" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-tne-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucagon Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucagon-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-glucagon/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucagonoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000326.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000387.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Pancreatic Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Following Pancreatic Surgery" url="https://pancan.org/facing-pancreatic-cancer/living-with-pancreatic-cancer/diet-and-nutrition/after-a-whipple-procedure/" language-mapped-url="https://www.pancan.org/section_en_espanol/learn_about_pan_cancer/diet_and_nutrition/After_Whipple_procedure.php">
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<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pain Management" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/treatment/pain-management">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000236.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000236.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic Enzymes" url="https://pancan.org/facing-pancreatic-cancer/living-with-pancreatic-cancer/diet-and-nutrition/pancreatic-enzymes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.pancan.org/section_en_espanol/learn_about_pan_cancer/diet_and_nutrition/Pancreatic_enzymes.php">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Pancreatic Cancer Action Network</organization>
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<site title="Pancreatic islet cell tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000393.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pancreatic+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quality of Life" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/quality-life">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask About Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secretin stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003892.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stage and Grade of Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/stage-grade">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pancreatic-treatment-pdq#_139" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-pdq#section/_37">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-tne-pdq#section/_22">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for pancreatic cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007649.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007649.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/treating/surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/tratamiento/cirugia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for pancreatic cancer -- discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000820.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Treatment" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/treatment/surgical-treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testing an mRNA Vaccine to Treat Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/08/testing-mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/prueba-de-una-vacuna-de-arnm-para-tratar-el-cancer-de">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Pancreatic Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Pancreatic Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pancreatic-treatment-pdq#_162" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-pancreas-pdq#section/_52">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq#_42" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pancreas/paciente/tratamiento-tne-pdq#section/_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trypsinogen test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003560.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vasoactive intestinal peptide test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003508.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIPoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000228.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Pancreatic Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/about/what-is-pancreatic-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-pancreas.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is the Pancreas?" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/basics">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Questions Should I Ask My Doctor?" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/questions-to-ask">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Pancreatic Cancer Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-pancreas/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zollinger-Ellison syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000325.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pancreatic diseases include pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and cystic fibrosis. The pancreas also plays a role in type 1 and type 2 diabetes." title="Pancreatic Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="110" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces juices that help break down food and hormones that help control &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt; levels. Problems with the pancreas can lead to many health problems. These include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreatitis.html"&gt;Pancreatitis&lt;/a&gt;, or inflammation of the pancreas: This happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html"&gt;Pancreatic cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;Cystic fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;, a genetic disorder in which thick, sticky mucus can also block tubes in your pancreas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The pancreas also plays a role in diabetes. In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html"&gt;type 1 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body's immune system has attacked them. In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt; type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, the pancreas loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="2075" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del páncreas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010182">Pancreatic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html" id="203">Cystic Fibrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html" id="352">Pancreas Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html" id="469">Pancreatic Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreatitis.html" id="5876">Pancreatitis</related-topic>
<site title="Abdominal CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Abdominal tap" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Abdominal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Acute pancreatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000287.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Amylase - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003464.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amylase - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amylase Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amylase-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-amilasa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Annular pancreas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001142.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chymotrypsin in Stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chymotrypsin-in-stool/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/quimotripsina-en-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pancreatic Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pancreatic+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ERCP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/exocrine-pancreatic-insufficiency" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/insuficiencia-pancreatica-exocrina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fecal fat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucagon blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003716.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperinsulinemia: Is it diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/expert-answers/hyperinsulinemia/FAQ-20058488?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insulinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000387.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactate dehydrogenase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="LDH isoenzyme blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipase Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lipase-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lipasa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macroamylasemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001216.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition &amp; Cookbook" url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/patient-resources/nutrition-cookbook/" language-mapped-url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/patient-resources/nutrition-cookbook/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Pancreas Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreas Disease" url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/pancreas-disease/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Pancreas Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreas divisum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000247.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000270.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic Cysts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatic-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20375993?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pancreatic-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20375993?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatic pseudocyst" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000272.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Power of Your Pancreas: Keep Your Digestive Juices Flowing" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/02/power-your-pancreas" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-del-pancreas">
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<site title="Secretin stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003892.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shwachman-diamond-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Stool Elastase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stool-elastase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastasa-fecal/">
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<site title="What Is the Pancreas?" url="https://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/basics">
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<health-topic meta-desc="La pancreatitis es una inflamación del páncreas. Puede ser aguda o crónica. Ambos tipos son graves. Entérese sobre diagnóstico, tratamiento. " title="Pancreatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreatitis.html" id="5877" language="Spanish" date-created="09/29/2011">
<also-called>Inflamación del páncreas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html"&gt;páncreas&lt;/a&gt; es una glándula grande ubicada detrás del estómago y cerca de la primera parte del intestino delgado que segrega jugos digestivos en el intestino delgado a través de un tubo llamado conducto pancreático. El páncreas también libera las hormonas insulina y glucagón en la sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La pancreatitis es una inflamación del páncreas. Esto ocurre cuando las enzimas digestivas comienzan a digerir el páncreas. La pancreatitis puede ser aguda o crónica. De cualquier forma es grave y puede traer complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La pancreatitis aguda ocurre de repente y generalmente desaparece en pocos días con tratamiento. A menudo es causada por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html"&gt;cálculos biliares&lt;/a&gt;. Los síntomas comunes son dolor intenso en la parte superior del abdomen, náuseas y vómitos. El tratamiento suele ser líquidos por vía intravenosa, antibióticos y analgésicos durante unos días en el hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La pancreatitis crónica no se cura o mejora. Empeora con el tiempo y lleva a daño permanente. La causa más común es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;consumo excesivo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt;. Otras causas pueden ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;fibrosis quística&lt;/a&gt; y otras enfermedades heredadas, grandes cantidades de calcio o grasa en la sangre, algunos medicamentos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;. Los síntomas incluyen nauseas, vómitos, pérdida de peso y heces grasosas. El tratamiento suele ser fluidos, analgésicos por vía intravenosa y nutrición artificial durante unos días en el hospital. Luego de su estadía en el hospital, deberá tomar enzimas y llevar una dieta especial. También es importante no fumar ni beber alcohol. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="2075">Enfermedades del páncreas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pancreatitis aguda</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pancreatitis crónica</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras pancreatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000201.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Amilasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm">
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<site title="Amilasa en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003464.htm">
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<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Colangiografía transhepática percutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm">
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<site title="Colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrcp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mrcp">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Pancreatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100149_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100149_1.htm">
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<site title="Pancreatitis aguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000287.htm">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Tripsina y quimotripsina en las heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003594.htm">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Learn about pancreatitis symptoms and treatment." title="Pancreatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreatitis.html" id="5876" language="English" date-created="09/28/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html"&gt;pancreas&lt;/a&gt; is a large gland behind the stomach and close to the first part of the small intestine. It secretes digestive juices into the small intestine through a tube called the pancreatic duct. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Either form is serious and can lead to complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and usually goes away in a few days with treatment. It is often caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html"&gt;gallstones&lt;/a&gt;.  Common symptoms are severe pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting.   Treatment is usually a few days in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, and medicines to relieve pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Chronic pancreatitis does not heal or improve. It gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage. The most common cause is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;heavy alcohol use&lt;/a&gt;. Other causes include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;cystic fibrosis&lt;/a&gt; and other inherited disorders, high levels of calcium or fats in the blood, some medicines, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune conditions&lt;/a&gt;. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and oily stools. Treatment may also be a few days in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, medicines to relieve pain, and nutritional support. After that, you may need to start taking enzymes and eat a special diet.  It is also important to not smoke or drink alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreatitis.html" id="5877" language="Spanish">Pancreatitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010195">Pancreatitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreatitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html" id="110">Pancreatic Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acute Pancreatitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chronic Pancreatitis</see-reference>
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<site title="Acute pancreatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000287.htm">
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<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary Tract Disorders, Gallbladder Disorders, and Gallstone Pancreatitis" url="https://gi.org/topics/biliary-tract-disorders-gallbladder-disorders-and-gallstone-pancreatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/trastornos-del-tracto-biliar-trastornos-de-la-vesicula-biliar-y-pancreatitis-por-calculos-biliares/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic pancreatitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000221.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pancreatitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pancreatitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pancreatitis,+Acute+Necrotizing%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pancreatitis, Chronic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pancreatitis,+Chronic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ERCP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/exocrine-pancreatic-insufficiency" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/insuficiencia-pancreatica-exocrina">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial and Hereditary Pancreatitis" url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/pancreas-disease/familial-and-hereditary-pancreatitis/" language-mapped-url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/pancreas-disease/familial-and-hereditary-pancreatitis/">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Pancreas Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucagon Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucagon-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-glucagon/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary pancreatitis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-pancreatitis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003465.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipase Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lipase-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lipasa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition &amp; Cookbook" url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/patient-resources/nutrition-cookbook/" language-mapped-url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/patient-resources/nutrition-cookbook/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Pancreas Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pancreatitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pancreatitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/pancreatitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007679.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000201.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100149_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100149_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis - What Causes Pancreatitis?" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pancreatitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/pancreatitis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Pancreatitis" url="https://pancreasfoundation.org/pancreas-disease/pediatric-pancreatitis/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Pancreas Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Power of Your Pancreas: Keep Your Digestive Juices Flowing" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/02/power-your-pancreas" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-del-pancreas">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pancreatitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pancreatitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stool Elastase" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stool-elastase/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastasa-fecal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trypsin and chymotrypsin in stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003594.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Get the facts on panic disorders (a type of anxiety disorder), which can happen anytime, anywhere and without warning." title="Panic Disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html" id="601" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is panic disorder?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Panic disorder is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety disorder&lt;/a&gt;.  It causes repeated panic attacks, which are sudden periods of intense fear, discomfort, or a sense of losing control. These attacks happen even though there is no real danger. They often cause physical symptoms. For example, you may have a rapid or pounding heartbeat and feel like you are having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have panic attacks, it doesn't mean you will develop a panic disorder. Many people only have one or two panic attacks in their lifetime and get better without treatment.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;But some of the people who have panic attacks do develop panic disorder. They have repeated panic attacks. The attacks can happen as often as several times a day or as rarely as a few times a year. People with panic disorder often worry about having another attack. It may cause them to avoid places and situations where they had panic attacks in the past.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Panic disorder is not life-threatening, but it can be upsetting and affect your quality of life. And if it is not treated, it can sometimes lead to other health conditions, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and substance use disorders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes panic disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of panic disorder is unknown. Researchers think that certain factors may play a role:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Genetics - panic disorder sometimes runs in families. But no one knows for sure why some family members have it while others don't.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brain biology and chemistry.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your environment.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Major &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop panic disorder?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Panic disorder is more common in women than men. It often starts in the late teens or early adulthood. Sometimes it starts when a person is under a lot of stress. People who have had trauma, especially in childhood, are more likely to develop panic disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of panic disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with panic disorder may have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Sudden and repeated panic attacks of overwhelming anxiety and fear&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A feeling of being out of control or a fear of death during a panic attack&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An intense worry about another panic attack&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A fear or avoidance of places and situations where they had panic attacks in the past&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical symptoms during a panic attack, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Pounding or racing heart&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Sweating or chills&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Trembling or shaking&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;The feeling that they are choking&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Weakness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Stomach pain or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Panic attacks can happen anytime, without warning. They can last anywhere from a few minutes to over an hour.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is panic disorder diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have panic disorder, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history and symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May check if an unrelated physical problem is causing your symptoms, for example with:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blood tests to check for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid problems&lt;/a&gt; and other possible conditions&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Heart health tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/panic-disorder-test/"&gt; panic disorder test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;May refer you to a mental health provider for the panic disorder test or other types of psychological evaluations&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for panic disorder?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for panic disorder usually includes one or more of the following:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk therapy&lt;/strong&gt;, also called psychotherapy or counseling, which can help you understand your feelings.
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;It may include &lt;strong&gt;cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),&lt;/strong&gt; a type of talk therapy that helps you change your negative thoughts and how you react to things that cause you to feel anxiety.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Anti-anxiety medicines&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider may also suggest that you follow a healthy lifestyle, which may help with panic disorder. It may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating regular meals&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough sleep&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular exercise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Joining a support group may also be helpful. Support groups can make you feel like you are not alone, and you may learn some new tips on how to cope.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html" id="2076" language="Spanish">Trastorno de pánico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016584">Panic Disorder</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html" id="144">Anxiety</related-topic>
<site title="Agoraphobia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000923.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety and Depression Association of America" url="https://adaa.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Anxiety and Depression Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Panic Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Panic+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Therapist" url="https://members.adaa.org/page/FATMain?">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Anxiety and Depression Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperventilation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003071.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/panic-attacks/symptoms-causes/syc-20376021?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/panic-attacks/symptoms-causes/syc-20376021?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panic Disorder" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/pages/Panic-Disorder.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/panic-disorder.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panic disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000924.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panic Disorder and Panic Attacks" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/panic-disorder/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-de-panico-y-ataques-de-panico-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panic Disorder Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/panic-disorder-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-trastorno-de-panico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panic Disorder: When Fear Overwhelms" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/panic-disorder-when-fear-overwhelms" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-panico-cuando-el-miedo-agobia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panic Disorder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Panic+Disorder%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las paperas son causadas por un virus y puede provocar síntomas como fiebre, dolor de cabeza y luego inflamación de las glándulas salivales. Existe vacuna." title="Paperas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html" id="2042" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Parotiditis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las paperas son causadas por el virus de las paperas. La enfermedad comienza con estos síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de cabeza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolores musculares &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cansancio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida del apetito &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Luego de la aparición de estos síntomas, las glándulas salivales bajo las orejas o mandíbula se inflaman. Esta inflamación puede ser en uno o en los dos lados de la cara. Los síntomas duran entre siete a 10 días. Las complicaciones serias son muy raras. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se puede adquirir paperas por estar con otra persona que tenga la enfermedad. No existe un tratamiento para las paperas, pero la vacuna contra las paperas, el sarampión y la rubéola (triple viral o MMR, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden prevenirla. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Antes de los programas de vacunación en los Estados Unidos, las paperas era una enfermedad muy común entre recién nacidos, bebés y jóvenes. En la actualidad, esta enfermedad es muy poco frecuente.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html" id="334" language="English">Mumps</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<site title="Orquitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001280.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paperas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001557.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paperas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/paperas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mumps/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paperas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paperas: Inmunización" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/mumps/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parotiditis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/infecciones-v%C3%ADricas-frecuentes-en-lactantes-y-ni%C3%B1os/parotiditis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de sarampión y paperas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sarampion-y-paperas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measles-and-mumps-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de serología de anticuerpos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión, paperas y rubéola, la vacuna MMR y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna (sarampión, paperas y rubéola) MMR" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmr.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra MMRV: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Paralysis is a loss of muscle function in part of your body, when messages between the brain and muscles are disrupted. Learn about causes and coping." title="Paralysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html" id="611" language="English" date-created="10/18/1999">
<also-called>Hemiplegia</also-called>
<also-called>Palsy</also-called>
<also-called>Paraplegia</also-called>
<also-called>Quadriplegia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most paralysis is due to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;strokes&lt;/a&gt; or injuries such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord injury&lt;/a&gt; or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nerve diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;amyotrophic lateral sclerosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Autoimmune diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;Guillain-Barre syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html"&gt;Bell's palsy&lt;/a&gt;, which affects muscles in the face&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html"&gt;Polio&lt;/a&gt; used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html" id="2077" language="Spanish">Parálisis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010243">Paralysis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html" id="1219">Bell's Palsy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" id="4141">Mobility Aids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="365">Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="411">Spinal Cord Injuries</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hemiplegia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paraplegia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Quadriplegia</see-reference>
<site title="Alternating hemiplegia of childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alternating-hemiplegia-of-childhood">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bedsores (Pressure Ulcers)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brown-Sequard Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brown-sequard-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Causes of Paralysis" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hemiplegia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hemiplegia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Paralysis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Paralysis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Paraplegia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Paraplegia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Quadriplegia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Quadriplegia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Cord Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Cord+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial Periodic Paralyses" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/familial-periodic-paralyses">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemiplegia in Children: What Do I Do Next?" url="https://chasa.org/newly-diagnosed/what-do-i-do-next/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Children's Hemiplegia and Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hereditary-spastic-paraplegia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Deal with Depression and Adjustment to My Spinal Cord Injury?" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/newly-paralyzed/how-do-i-deal-with-depression-and-adjustment-to-my-sci/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000316.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000316.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperkalemic-periodic-paralysis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypokalemic periodic paralysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000312.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypokalemic-periodic-paralysis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/juvenile-primary-lateral-sclerosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with Paralysis" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Locked-In Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/locked-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muscle function loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003190.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newly Paralyzed" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/newly-paralyzed/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paralysis: Rehabilitation" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/rehabilitation/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paralysis: Secondary Conditions" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/secondary-conditions/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parenting" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/for-parents/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paralysis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Paralysis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 2: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-2">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 31: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-31">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 4: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-4">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 7: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-7">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stats About Paralysis" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/paralysis-help-overview/stats-about-paralysis/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stay Healthy on the Road" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/lifestyle/how-to-stay-healthy-on-the-road/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Todd's Paralysis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/todds-paralysis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Troyer syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/troyer-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wheelchairs" url="https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/lifestyle/wheelchairs/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Parasitic diseases are diseases transmitted by parasites, usually found in contaminated food, water or bug bites. Protect yourself with these tips." title="Parasitic Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482" language="English" date-created="07/19/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Parasites are living things that use other living things - like your body - for food and a place to live. You can get them from contaminated food or water, a bug bite, or sexual contact. Some parasitic diseases are easily treated and some are not.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Parasites range in size from tiny, one-celled organisms called protozoa to worms that can be seen with the naked eye. Some parasitic diseases occur in the United States. Contaminated water supplies can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html"&gt;Giardia infections&lt;/a&gt;. Cats can transmit &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;, which is dangerous for pregnant women.  Others, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html"&gt;malaria&lt;/a&gt;, are common in other 
parts of the world. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html"&gt;traveling&lt;/a&gt;, it's important to drink only water you know is safe. Prevention is especially important. There are no vaccines for parasitic diseases. Some medicines are available to treat parasitic infections.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078" language="Spanish">Enfermedades parasitarias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010272">Parasitic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html" id="6071">Body Lice</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chagasdisease.html" id="3660">Chagas Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="1591">Cryptosporidiosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html" id="1258">Giardia Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html" id="272">Head Lice</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leishmaniasis.html" id="3748">Leishmaniasis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html" id="315">Malaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html" id="3065">Pinworms</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html" id="1254">Scabies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html" id="1214">Toxoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444">Traveler's Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html" id="4325">Trichomoniasis</related-topic>
<site title="About Balamuthia Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/balamuthia/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Naegleria fowleri Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/es/about/acerca-de-la-infeccion-por-naegleria-fowleri.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Swimmer's Itch" url="https://www.cdc.gov/swimmers-itch/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acanthamoeba Keratitis FAQs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/acanthamoeba/gen_info/acanthamoeba_keratitis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alphabetical Index of Parasitic Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/listing/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amebiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000298.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
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<site title="Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/testing-diagnosis/">
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<site title="Germs: Understand and Protect against Bacteria, Viruses, and Infections" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/ART-20045289?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/in-depth/germs/art-20045289?p=1">
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<site title="Hand Hygiene Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/faq/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/esp/when-how-handwashing.html">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
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<site title="Strongyloidiasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000630.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Tapeworm Infection" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tapeworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20378174?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tapeworm infection - beef or pork" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001391.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Tapeworm infection - hymenolepis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001378.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxocariasis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxocariasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxocariasis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Water Disinfection" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/water-disinfection">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000631.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000631.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Neglected Tropical Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/neglected-tropical-diseases-types">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Visceral larva migrans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000633.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Parasitic Diseases" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/causes/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whipworm infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001364.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Parasites" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/women-basics/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xylose Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Too much or too little parathyroid hormone affects the right balance of calcium and phosphorous in your body, which can lead to parathyroid disorders." title="Parathyroid Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="356" language="English" date-created="12/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most people have four pea-sized glands, called parathyroid glands, on the thyroid gland in the neck. Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are completely different. The parathyroid glands make parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps your body keep the right balance of calcium and phosphorous.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If your parathyroid glands make too much or too little hormone, it disrupts this balance. If they secrete extra PTH, you have hyperparathyroidism, and your blood calcium rises. In many cases, a benign tumor on a parathyroid gland makes it overactive. Or, the extra hormones can come from enlarged parathyroid glands. Very rarely, the cause is cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you do not have enough PTH, you have hypoparathyroidism. Your blood will have too little calcium and too much phosphorous. Causes include injury to the glands, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;endocrine disorders&lt;/a&gt;, or genetic conditions. Treatment is aimed at restoring the balance of calcium and phosphorous.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parathyroiddisorders.html" id="2079" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la paratiroides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010279">Parathyroid Diseases</descriptor>
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<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parathyroiddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parathyroiddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parathyroiddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hyperparathyroidism</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypoparathyroidism</see-reference>
<see-reference>Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia</see-reference>
<site title="About Hypoparathyroidism" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/hypopara/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium - ionized" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003486.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Calcium - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Calcium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003477.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Calcium in Urine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-in-urine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperparathyroidism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperparathyroidism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypoparathyroidism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypoparathyroidism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Multiple+Endocrine+Neoplasia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Parathyroid Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Parathyroid+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-isolated-hyperparathyroidism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Parathyroid Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/paratiroides/paciente/tratamiento-paratiroides-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Hypoparathyroidism?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/hypopara/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Hypoparathyroidism Treated?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/hypopara/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypercalcemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypercalcemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355523?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypercalcemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000365.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypercalcemia - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000044.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperparathyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001215.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001215.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperparathyroidism-jaw-tumor-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypoparathyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000385.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Velocardiofacial Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Velocardiofacial-Syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/mineral-bone-disorder">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia-type-1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteitis fibrosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001252.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Other Common Diseases and Conditions" url="https://www.aace.com/disease-and-conditions/other-common-conditions/other-common-diseases-conditions">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid adenoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001188.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001188.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007264.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/parathyroid-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid gland removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002931.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003690.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/parathyroid-hormone-pth-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hormona-paratiroidea-pth/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid hormone-related protein blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003691.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid hyperplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001189.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001189.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroidectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100093_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100093_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphate in Blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phosphate-in-blood/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-fosfato-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Hyperparathyroidism" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/primary-hyperparathyroidism">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary Hyperparathyroidism" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/primary-hyperparathyroidism">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parathyroid Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parathyroid+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Parathyroid Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq#_21" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/paratiroides/paciente/tratamiento-paratiroides-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Parathyroid Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq#_27" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/paratiroides/paciente/tratamiento-paratiroides-pdq#_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Parenting styles differ from person to person. However, one thing you should always be aware of is your child's safety. Find more parenting tips." title="Parenting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/parenting.html" id="1495" language="English" date-created="06/05/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you're a parent, you get plenty of suggestions on how to raise your child. From experts to other parents, people are always ready to offer advice. Parenting tips, parents' survival guides, dos, don'ts, shoulds and shouldn'ts - new ones come out daily.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The truth is there is more than one "right" way to be a good parent. Good parenting includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping your child safe&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Showing affection and listening to your child&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Providing order and consistency&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Setting and enforcing limits&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Spending time with your child&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Monitoring your child's friendships and activities&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Leading by example&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parenting.html" id="2080" language="Spanish">Crianza de los hijos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016487">Parenting</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parenting.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/parenting.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyissues.html" id="525">Family Issues</related-topic>
<site title="Adoption and Foster Care" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Pages/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Image in Children and Teens" url="https://familydoctor.org/building-your-childs-body-image-and-self-esteem/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/imagen-corporal-ninos-y-adolescentes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Parenting" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Parenting%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Constantly Connected: How Media Use Can Affect Your Child" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/adverse-Effects-of-Television-Commercials.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/media/paginas/the-benefits-of-limiting-tv.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delving Into Devices: Children and Screen Time" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/02/delving-into-devices" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/profundizando-en-los-dispositivos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Effective Parenting" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/Pages/Effective-Parenting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/effective-parenting.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Habits for TV, Video Games, and the Internet" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tv-habits.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tv-habits.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Importance of Family Routines" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/pages/The-Importance-of-Family-Routines.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-importance-of-family-routines.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Parents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-with-Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-and-Transgender-Parents-092.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nine Steps to More Effective Parenting" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nine-steps.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nine-steps.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parenting a Child Who Has Been Sexually Abused: A Guide for Foster and Adoptive Parents" url="https://cwlibrary.childwelfare.gov/discovery/delivery/01CWIG_INST:01CWIG/1218593380007651">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parenting Teens: Guiding Kids Through Turbulent Years" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/06/parenting-teens" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crianza-de-adolescentes">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parenting Your Adopted Teenager" url="https://cwlibrary.childwelfare.gov/discovery/delivery/01CWIG_INST:01CWIG/1218709090007651">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Positive Parenting: Building Healthy Relationships with Your Kids" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/positive-parenting" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crianza-positiva">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parenting" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parenting%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex Education: Talking to Your Teen about Sex" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shape Your Family's Habits: Helping Kids Make Healthy Choices" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/shape-your-family-s-habits" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/moldee-los-habitos-de-su-familia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Share Your Values" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/Pages/Share-Your-Values.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/share-your-values.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talk to Your Kids about Sex and Healthy Relationships" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/sexual-health/talk-your-kids-about-sex-and-healthy-relationships" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-sexual/habla-tus-hijos-sexo-relaciones-saludables">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talk to Your Kids about Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/mental-health-and-relationships/talk-your-kids-about-tobacco-alcohol-and-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-mental-relaciones-otras-personas/habla-tus-hijos-tabaco-alcohol-drogas">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Kids About Race and Racism" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-about-race.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-about-race.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to your teen about drinking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teaching Your Child Self-Control" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/self-control.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Power of Peers: Who Influences Your Health?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/09/power-peers" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-de-los-companeros">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Time out" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002207.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Time outs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000756.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000756.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When To Let Your Teenager Start Dating" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/when-to-let-your-teenager-start-dating.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/when-to-let-your-teenager-start-dating.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Self-Esteem" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/self-esteem.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/self-esteem.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder. It causes tremors, stiffness, and slow movement. It gets worse over time. Learn what can help." title="Parkinson's Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="85" language="English" date-created="11/14/1998">
<also-called>Paralysis agitans</also-called>
<also-called>Shaking palsy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Parkinson's disease (PD) is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement disorder&lt;/a&gt;. It happens when nerve cells in the brain don't produce enough of a brain chemical called dopamine. Sometimes it is genetic, but most cases do not seem to run in families. Exposure to chemicals in the environment might play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms begin gradually, often on one side of the body.  Later they affect both sides. They  include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Stiffness of the arms, legs and trunk &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Slowness of movement &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Poor balance and coordination &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As symptoms get worse, people with the disease may have trouble walking, talking, or doing simple tasks. They may also have problems such as depression, sleep problems, or trouble chewing, swallowing, or speaking.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for PD, so it can be difficult to diagnose.  Doctors use a medical history and a neurological examination to diagnose it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;PD usually begins around age 60, but it can start earlier. It is more common in men than in women. There is no cure for PD. A variety of medicines sometimes help symptoms dramatically. Surgery and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can help severe cases. With DBS, electrodes are surgically implanted in the brain. They send electrical pulses to stimulate the parts of the brain that control movement.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="2081" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Parkinson</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010300">Parkinson Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Paralysis Agitans</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shaking Palsy</see-reference>
<site title="4 Discoveries Beyond the Brain" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/4-discoveries-beyond-the-brain" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/4-descubrimientos-mas-alla-del-cerebro">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Parkinson's Disease" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Accelerating Medicines Partnership Launches Data Knowledge Portal for Parkinson's Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/accelerating-medicines-partnership-launches-data-knowledge-portal-parkinsons-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: The Life and Death of a Neuron" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-life-and-death-neuron">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conditions that Mimic Parkinson's" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/getting-diagnosed/conditions-that-mimic-parkinsons">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Diet &amp; Nutrition" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/management/diet-nutrition">
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<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dopamine-transporter-deficiency-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Driving When You Have Parkinson's Disease" url="https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/10900f-drivewell-handout-parkinsons.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Essential Tremor vs. Parkinson's Disease: How Do They Differ?" url="https://essentialtremor.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/ETvsPD092012.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Essential Tremor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/treatment/exercise">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Finding Care" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/finding-care">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Focus On Parkinson's Disease Research" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/focus-disorders/focus-parkinsons-disease-research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="For Care Partners" url="https://www.parkinson.org/resources-support/carepartners">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Getting Diagnosed" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/getting-diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Parkinson's" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Management &amp; Lifestyle" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/management">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Marijuana" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/treatment/medical-marijuana">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/management/activities-daily-living/mobility">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movement Symptoms" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/movement-symptoms">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="New to Parkinson's" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/new-to-parkinsons">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Over the Counter &amp; Complementary Therapies" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/treatment/over-the-counter-complementary-therapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pain" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/pain">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000095.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Parkinson disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000755.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Parkinson disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/parkinsons-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Parkinson's Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/parkinsons-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson's Disease" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/parkinson">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson's Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/parkinson.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/parkinson.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson's Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Parkinson's Disease Dementia" url="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia/parkinson-s-disease-dementia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Alzheimer's Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson's Disease Explained" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/parkinsons-disease-explained" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/explicacion-de-la-enfermedad-de-parkinson">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson's Disease Library: Videos" url="https://www.parkinson.org/resources-support/pd-library?_page=1&amp;keywords=&amp;_limit=9&amp;library_type=21">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parkinson's Today Blog" url="https://www.parkinson.org/resources-support/blog">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Medications" url="https://www.parkinson.org/living-with-parkinsons/treatment/prescription-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Parkinson's disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Parkinson+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Sleep Disorders" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/sleep-disorders">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Speech &amp; Swallowing Issues" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/speech-swallowing" language-mapped-url="https://secure3.convio.net/prkorg/site/DocServer/Dificultades_con_el_Habla_y_la_Deglucion.pdf">
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<site title="Stages of Parkinson's" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/what-is-parkinsons/stages">
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<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
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<site title="What Is Parkinson's Disease?" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/what-is-parkinsons">
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<site title="Young-Onset Parkinson's" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/what-is-parkinsons/young-onset-parkinsons">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El paro cardiaco es causado por un problema de los latidos del corazón. Sin ayuda médica inmediata, la persona puede morir en minutos. Más aquí." title="Paro cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html" id="4267" language="Spanish" date-created="06/06/2006">
<also-called>Muerte cardíaca repentina</also-called>
<also-called>Muerte cardíaca súbita</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El paro cardíaco, también conocido como paro cardiaco repentino o súbito, es una afección en la que el corazón deja de latir en forma repentina. Cuando esto ocurre, la sangre deja de fluir hacia el cerebro y otros órganos vitales. Si no se trata, el paro cardiaco suele causar la muerte en cuestión de minutos. Sin embargo, el tratamiento rápido con un desfibrilador puede salvarle la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un paro cardíaco y un ataque cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; es diferente a un paro cardiaco. Un ataque cardíaco ocurre cuando se bloquea el flujo de sangre al corazón. Durante un ataque cardíaco, en general el corazón no deja de latir repentinamente. En el paro cardiaco el corazón deja de latir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, un paro cardíaco puede ocurrir después o durante la recuperación de un ataque cardíaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su corazón tiene un sistema eléctrico que controla la frecuencia y el ritmo de sus latidos. Un paro cardíaco puede ocurrir cuando el sistema eléctrico del corazón no funciona bien y causa latidos cardíacos irregulares conocidos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmias&lt;/a&gt;. Hay diferentes tipos. Pueden hacer que el corazón lata demasiado rápido, demasiado lento o con un ritmo irregular. Algunos pueden hacer que el corazón deje de bombear sangre al cuerpo, causando un paro cardíaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertas enfermedades y afecciones pueden causar problemas eléctricos que lleven a un paro cardíaco. Estas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fibrilación ventricular&lt;/strong&gt;: Tipo de arritmia en la que los ventrículos (las cámaras inferiores del corazón) no laten en forma normal. En cambio, laten muy rápido y muy irregularmente. No logran bombear sangre al cuerpo. Es la causa más común de paro cardíaco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: También llamada enfermedad isquémica del corazón, esta afección ocurre cuando las arterias del corazón no pueden transportar suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno al corazón. A menudo, es causada por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;acumulación de placa&lt;/a&gt;, una sustancia cerosa, dentro del revestimiento de las arterias coronarias más grandes. La placa bloquea parte o la totalidad del flujo sanguíneo al corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos tipos de &lt;strong&gt;estrés físico&lt;/strong&gt; pueden hacer que falle el sistema eléctrico de su corazón, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Actividad física intensa en la que su cuerpo libera adrenalina. Esta hormona puede desencadenar un paro cardíaco en personas que tienen problemas del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Niveles muy bajos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html"&gt;potasio&lt;/a&gt; o magnesio en la sangre: Estos minerales juegan un papel importante en el sistema eléctrico de su corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida importante de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Falta severa de oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Ciertos trastornos hereditarios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; que pueden causar arritmias o problemas con la estructura de su corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios estructurales en el corazón&lt;/strong&gt;: Estos incluyen agrandamiento del corazón debido a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; o enfermedad cardíaca avanzada. Las infecciones cardíacas también pueden causar cambios en la estructura del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: La mayoría de las personas que sufren un paro cardiaco tienen enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Pero, en general, la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias no causa síntomas, por lo que es posible que no sepa que la tiene&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas mayores (el riesgo aumenta con la edad)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es hombre (es más común en hombres que en mujeres)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Es afroamericano, especialmente si tiene otras afecciones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, presión arterial alta, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tiene historia clínica o familiar de latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene historia clínica o familiar de paro cardíaco o trastornos hereditarios que pueden causar arritmia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene un problema de uso de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido un infarto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, el primer signo de un paro cardíaco es la &lt;a href="fainting.html" tid="1898"&gt;pérdida del conocimiento (desmayo)&lt;/a&gt;. Esto sucede cuando el corazón deja de latir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas pueden tener latidos cardíacos acelerados o sentirse mareados o aturdidos justo antes de desmayarse. Y, en ocasiones, las personas presentan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas o vómitos&lt;/a&gt; dentro de una hora antes de tener un paro cardiaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un paro cardiaco ocurre sin previo aviso y requiere tratamiento de emergencia. Los profesionales de la salud rara vez diagnostican un paro cardíaco con pruebas médicas cuando está ocurriendo. En cambio, generalmente se diagnostica después de que ocurre. Los profesionales de la salud hacen esto descartando otras causas del colapso repentino de una persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco, su profesional de la salud puede derivarlo a un cardiólogo, un especialista en enfermedades cardíacas. El cardiólogo puede solicitarle varias &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas de salud del corazón&lt;/a&gt; para ver qué tan bien está funcionando. El médico trabajará con usted para decidir si necesita tratamiento para prevenir un paro cardíaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un paro cardíaco es una emergencia. Una persona que tiene un paro cardíaco debe ser tratada de inmediato con un desfibrilador, un dispositivo que envía una descarga eléctrica al corazón. La descarga eléctrica puede restaurar un ritmo normal a un corazón que dejó de latir. Para que funcione bien, debe aplicarse a los pocos minutos de ocurrir un paro cardíaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los oficiales de policía, técnicos de emergencias médicas y otros socorristas están capacitados y equipados para usar un desfibrilador. Llame al 911 de inmediato si alguien tiene signos o síntomas de paro cardíaco. Cuanto antes solicite ayuda, antes se podrá comenzar el tratamiento que salve vidas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo hacer si creo que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos lugares públicos, como escuelas, empresas y aeropuertos, tienen desfibriladores externos automáticos. Estos dispositivos son desfibriladores especiales que personas no capacitadas pueden usar si creen que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco. Los desfibriladores externos automáticos están programados para dar una descarga eléctrica si detectan una arritmia peligrosa. Esto evita dar una descarga a alguien que puede haberse desmayado pero que no tiene un paro cardíaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si cree que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco, debe administrarle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html"&gt;reanimación cardiopulmonar&lt;/a&gt; hasta que se pueda realizar la desfibrilación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que están en riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco repentino pueden considerar tener un desfibrilador externo automático en casa. Pídale a su cardiólogo que lo ayude a decidir si tener este dispositivo en su hogar puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos después de sobrevivir a un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si sobrevive a un paro cardíaco, es probable que lo hospitalicen para recibir atención y tratamiento continuos. En el hospital, su equipo médico vigilará de cerca su corazón. Es posible que le receten medicamentos para tratar de reducir el riesgo de otro paro cardíaco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También intentarán averiguar la causa del paro cardíaco. Si le diagnostican enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, es posible que le realicen una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplastía&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html"&gt;cirugía de derivación de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;. Estos procedimientos ayudan a restaurar el flujo sanguíneo a través de arterias coronarias estrechas o bloqueadas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, a las personas que han tenido un paro cardiaco se les coloca un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;desfibrilador cardioversor implantable&lt;/a&gt;. Este pequeño dispositivo se implanta con una operación debajo de la piel de su pecho o abdomen. Un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable utiliza impulsos eléctricos o descargas para ayudar a controlar arritmias peligrosas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir un paro cardíaco?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda reducir su riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco si sigue un estilo de vida saludable para el corazón. Si tiene una enfermedad de las arterias coronarias u otra enfermedad del corazón, el tratamiento de esa afección también puede reducir su riesgo de paro cardíaco. Si ha tenido un paro cardíaco, la colocación de un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable puede reducir sus probabilidades de sufrir otro evento.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html" id="4266" language="English">Sudden Cardiac Arrest</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html" id="1755">Arritmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3448">Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html" id="3640">Reanimación cardiopulmonar</related-topic>
<site title="Anomalías de las arterias coronarias" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anomalias-de-las-arterias-coronarias/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/coronary-artery-anomalies/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causas del paro cardíaco" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/causes-of-cardiac-arrest" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/causes-of-cardiac-arrest">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desfibriladores automáticos externos: ¿Necesita uno?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/in-depth/automated-external-defibrillators/art-20043909?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/in-depth/automated-external-defibrillators/ART-20043909?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diferencias entre un ataque cardíaco y un paro cardíaco" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/heart-attack-or-sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-are-they-different" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/heart-attack-or-sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-are-they-different">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrilación ventricular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muerte súbita en jóvenes: se suele atribuir a problemas cardíacos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/art-20047571?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/ART-20047571?p=1">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paro cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007640.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paro cardíaco (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cardiac-arrest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cardiac-arrest.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paro cardíaco súbito" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/paro-cardiaco-subito/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/sudden-cardiac-arrest/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resucitación cardiopulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un paro cardíaco?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/paro-cardiaco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-arrest">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un paro cardíaco?" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/about-cardiac-arrest" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/about-cardiac-arrest">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los desfibriladores?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/desfibriladores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/defibrillators">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trabajo de parto ocurre cuando está lista para dar a luz. Entérese sobre las tres etapas del parto, las señales del parto y cómo manejar el dolor aquí." title="Parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html" id="1995" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Alumbramiento</also-called>
<also-called>Dar a luz</also-called>
<also-called>Nacimiento</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando esté lista para tener a su bebé, usted comenzará el trabajo de parto. Las señales de que vaya a dar a luz incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las contracciones regulares comienzan a repetirse en forma más seguida &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida de líquido o sangrado de la vagina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor de espalda baja sordo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres abdominales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Llame a su médico si presenta algunas de estas señales, incluso si se trata antes de la fecha de dar a luz. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;trabajo de parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt; puede comenzar antes de completar las 37 semanas de embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El parto ocurre en tres etapas. La primera etapa comienza con contracciones. Continúa hasta que el cuello uterino se vuelve más delgado y dilatado (estirado) hasta tener unas cuatro pulgadas (10 centímetros) de ancho. La segunda es la etapa activa, en la que se empieza a empujar hacia abajo. La coronación es cuando la cabeza de su bebé se hace visible. Poco después su bebé nace. En la tercera etapa, usted expulsa la placenta. La placenta es el órgano que suministra alimento y oxígeno a su bebé durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las madres y los bebés son monitoreados de cerca durante el parto. La mayoría de las mujeres son capaces de tener un bebé a través de un parto vaginal normal. Si se presentan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;complicaciones&lt;/a&gt;, puede ser necesario dar a luz con una cirugía mediante una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;cesárea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html" id="305" language="English">Childbirth</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html" id="2106">Bebé prematuro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html" id="3160">Cesárea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumcare.html" id="4920">Cuidados después del parto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="2209">Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html" id="5894">Problemas durante el parto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html" id="6235">Trabajo de parto prematuro</related-topic>
<site title="Anestesia raquídea y epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007413.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bancos de sangre de cordón umbilical" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cord-blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cord-blood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bloqueo epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000484.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cesárea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareansection.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareansection.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clases de parto" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/clases-de-parto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/birthing-classes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para los instructores del trabajo de parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000545.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando ve a su bebé por primera vez después de un parto vaginal de rutina" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/Routine-Vaginal-Delivery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Routine-Vaginal-Delivery.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deje que el bebé determine la fecha de parto: Espere 39 semanas si puede" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/deje-que-el-bebe-determine-la-fecha-de-parto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epidural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100195_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100195_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100017_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100017_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000482.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomía: Cuándo es necesaria y cuándo no" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escoger el profesional médico apropiado para el embarazo y el parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrategias para transitar el trabajo de parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000612.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del parto" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/parto-y-nacimiento/etapas-del-parto.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/stages-labor">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del pH del cuero cabelludo fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003408.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finalmente, ¡el día del parto!" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/Finally-Delivery-Day.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inducción del trabajo de parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000625.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000625.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe llevar para el trabajo de parto y el alumbramiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000543.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor durante el parto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childbirth-pain.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childbirth-pain.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo del dolor durante el parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000587.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo de la frecuencia cardíaca del bebé durante el parto" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/monitoreo-de-la-frecuencia-cardiaca-del-bebe-durante-el-parto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/monitoring-babys-heart-rate-labor/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100198_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100198_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto con fórceps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto con ventosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto natural" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/natural-childbirth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/natural-childbirth.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto vaginal después de una cesárea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000589.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto y nacimiento" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/labor-and-birth" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/labor-and-birth">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que debe hacer a su médico sobre el trabajo de parto y parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000960.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000960.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presentaciones de parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002060.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presentaciones durante el nacimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000621.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000621.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Apgar del recién nacido" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/apgar-scores.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Apgar-Scores.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y bancos de sangre del cordón umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-y-bancos-de-sangre-del-cordon-umbilical/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cord-blood-testing-and-banking/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué incluir en su plan para el parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000567.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntarle al médico acerca de la atención hospitalaria después del parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000970.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000970.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotura de bolsa de agua: Entiende qué es esta señal del trabajo de parto" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/water-breaking/art-20044142?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/water-breaking/art-20044142?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptura prematura de membranas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Estoy en trabajo de parto?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000508.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el trabajo de parto?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion/trabajo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/labor">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuando una mujer pierde su embarazo después de 20 semanas, se le llama parto de un feto muerto. Ocurre por causas naturales. Aquí cómo enfrentarlo." title="Parto de feto muerto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html" id="5683" language="Spanish" date-created="10/26/2010">
<also-called>Mortinato</also-called>
<also-called>Muerte fetal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando una mujer pierde su embarazo después de 20 semanas, se le llama parto de un feto muerto. El parto de un feto muerto sucede por causas naturales. Puede suceder antes o durante el parto. Las causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con la placenta, el órgano que transporta oxígeno y nutrientes al feto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas genéticos del feto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones del feto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otros problemas físicos del feto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo menos en la mitad de los casos, no se sabe por qué el bebé falleció.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si el feto muere antes del parto, su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede inducir el parto o realizar una cesárea para parir al feto. En otros casos, usted puede ir a trabajo de parto. Esto generalmente sucede dentro de las dos semanas de la muerte del feto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La asesoría puede ayudarla a sobrellevar el dolor. Más adelante, si usted desea  intentarlo de nuevo, trabaje de cerca con su proveedor de cuidados para disminuir los riesgos. Muchas mujeres que experimentaron una muerte fetal tendrán bebés sanos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html" id="5682" language="English">Stillbirth</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html" id="2105">Pérdida del embarazo</related-topic>
<site title="Aborto espontáneo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-loss">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consuelo para una pérdida" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/consuelo-para-una-perdida.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su bebé es un mortinato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000626.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mortinatalidad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stillbirth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stillbirth">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muerte del neonato" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/muerte-del-neonato.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/neonatal-death.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento sin vida" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/nacimiento-sin-vida.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otras preguntas frecuentes acerca de la pérdida del embarazo (antes de las 20 semanas de embarazo)" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancyloss/masinformacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancyloss/more_information/faqs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cariotipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La parálisis es la pérdida de las funciones musculares de parte del cuerpo. Puede ser total o parcial. Entérese sobre causas, tratamientos de la parálisis." title="Parálisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html" id="2077" language="Spanish" date-created="06/20/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La parálisis es la pérdida de las funciones musculares en parte de su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando algo funciona mal en la transmisión de los mensajes entre el cerebro y los músculos. Las parálisis pueden ser totales o parciales. Puede ocurrir en uno o en ambos lados del cuerpo. También puede ocurrir sólo en un lugar o diseminarse. La parálisis de la mitad inferior del cuerpo, que afecta a ambas piernas, se denomina paraplejia. La parálisis que afecta los brazos y las piernas es una cuadriplegia. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las parálisis se deben a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrames&lt;/a&gt; o lesiones, como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones de la médula espinal&lt;/a&gt; o una fractura en el cuello. Otras causas de parálisis incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades nerviosas, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;esclerosis lateral amiotrófica&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades autoinmunes, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Guillain-Barré&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html"&gt;Parálisis de Bell&lt;/a&gt;, que afecta los músculos de la cara &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html"&gt;polio&lt;/a&gt; (poliomielitis) solía ser una causa de parálisis, pero ya no hay casos de esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html" id="611" language="English">Paralysis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" id="4142">Aparatos para movilidad asistida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html" id="1769">Parálisis de Bell</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="2096">Polio y síndrome de post-polio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="2164">Traumatismo de la médula espinal</related-topic>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis periódica hipercaliémica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000316.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000316.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis periódica hipocaliémica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000312.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis periódica tirotóxica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000319.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la función muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003190.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003190.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras de decúbito (úlceras por presión)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La parálisis cerebral es un grupo de trastornos que afecta la movilidad y la postura de una persona. No tiene cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar." title="Parálisis cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html" id="1804" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la parálisis cerebral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La parálisis cerebral es un grupo de trastornos que causan problemas del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movimiento&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt; y la postura. Afecta la corteza motora del cerebro, la parte de este órgano que dirige el movimiento muscular. De hecho, la segunda parte del nombre de esta afección, parálisis, significa debilidad o problemas para usar los músculos; mientras que la segunda, cerebral, significa que tiene que ver con el cerebro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de parálisis cerebral existen?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de parálisis cerebral:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parálisis cerebral espástica&lt;/strong&gt;: Es el tipo más común. Provoca un aumento del tono muscular, rigidez de los músculos y dificultad con los movimientos. A veces, solo afecta a una parte del cuerpo. En otros casos, puede afectar tanto a los brazos como a las piernas, el tronco y la cara&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parálisis cerebral discinética&lt;/strong&gt;: Causa problemas para controlar el movimiento de manos, brazos, pies y piernas. Esto puede dificultar estar sentado y caminar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parálisis cerebral atáxica&lt;/strong&gt;: Causa problemas de equilibrio y coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parálisis cerebral mixta&lt;/strong&gt;: Significa que tiene síntomas de más de un tipo&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la parálisis cerebral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La causa de la parálisis cerebral es un desarrollo anormal o daño al cerebro en desarrollo. Puede ocurrir cuando:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La corteza motora cerebral no se desarrolla en forma normal durante el crecimiento del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;feto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hay una lesión en el cerebro antes, durante o después del nacimiento&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
 
&lt;p&gt;Tanto el daño cerebral como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidades&lt;/a&gt; que causa son permanentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener parálisis cerebral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La parálisis cerebral es más común en los niños que en las niñas. Afecta a los niños afroamericanos con más frecuencia que a los blancos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertas afecciones o eventos médicos que pueden ocurrir durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html"&gt;parto&lt;/a&gt; que pueden aumentar el riesgo de que un bebé nazca con parálisis cerebral, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nacer demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;pequeño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nacer demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;temprano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ser gemelo u otro tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;nacimiento múltiple&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ser concebido mediante fertilización in vitro u otra &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;tecnología de reproducción asistida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="../spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html" tid="3155"&gt;infección en la persona gestante (embarazada)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de salud en la persona gestante (embarazada), como de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;Ictericia&lt;/a&gt; severa&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;problemas durante el parto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html"&gt;Incompatibilidad Rh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposición a toxinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los signos de la parálisis cerebral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos y niveles diferentes de discapacidad por parálisis cerebral. Por ello, los signos pueden ser diferentes en cada niño.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los signos suelen aparecer en los primeros meses de vida. Pero, en ocasiones, se puede demorar obtener un diagnóstico hasta después de los dos años. A menudo, los bebés con parálisis cerebral tienen retraso en el desarrollo. Son lentos para alcanzar los hitos del desarrollo, como aprender a darse la vuelta, sentarse, gatear o caminar. También pueden tener un tono muscular anormal. Pueden parecer flexibles, tensos o rígidos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es importante saber que los niños sin parálisis cerebral también pueden tener estos signos. Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo para saber si tiene alguno de estos signos y obtener un diagnóstico correcto.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la parálisis cerebral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El diagnóstico de la parálisis cerebral implica varios pasos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Monitoreo (o vigilancia) del desarrollo&lt;/strong&gt; significa observar el crecimiento y desarrollo de un niño a lo largo del tiempo. Si hay alguna inquietud sobre el desarrollo de su hijo, entonces debe someterse a una prueba del desarrollo lo antes posible&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prueba del desarrollo&lt;/strong&gt; implica darle a su hijo un examen corto para detectar si tiene retrasos motores, de movimiento u otros retrasos del desarrollo. Si las pruebas de detección no son normales, el profesional de la salud recomendará otras evaluaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se realizan &lt;strong&gt;evaluaciones médicas y del desarrollo&lt;/strong&gt; para diagnosticar el trastorno de su hijo. El profesional usa muchas herramientas para hacer el diagnóstico:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  

&lt;li&gt;Verificación de las habilidades motoras, el tono muscular, los reflejos y la postura de su hijo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de laboratorio, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; y / o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas por imágenes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la parálisis cerebral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para la parálisis cerebral, pero el tratamiento puede mejorar la vida de quienes la padecen. Es importante comenzar un programa de tratamiento lo antes posible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un equipo de profesionales de la salud trabajará con usted y su hijo para desarrollar un plan de tratamiento. Los tratamientos comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html"&gt;Aparatos para movilidad asistida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Terapia física, ocupacional, recreativa y del habla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la parálisis cerebral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se pueden prevenir los problemas genéticos que pueden causar parálisis cerebral, pero puede ser posible controlar o evitar algunos de sus factores de riesgo. Por ejemplo, asegurarse de que las personas embarazadas sean vacunadas podría prevenir ciertas infecciones que pueden causar parálisis cerebral en los bebés por nacer. El uso de asientos de automóvil para bebés y niños pequeños podría prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones en la cabeza&lt;/a&gt;, las que pueden ser una causa de parálisis cerebral.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html" id="180" language="English">Cerebral Palsy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Cuidar de su hijo adolescente con parálisis cerebral: A partir de los 13 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cp-checklist-teens.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cp-checklist-teens.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidar de su hijo con parálisis cerebral: 6 a 12 años de edad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cp-checklist-big-kids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cp-checklist-big-kids.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidar de su hijo con parálisis cerebral: Desde el nacimiento hasta los 5 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cp-checklist-younger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cp-checklist-younger.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de toxina botulínica para espasmos musculares" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-de-toxina-botulinica-para-espamos-musculares/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/botulinum-toxin-injections-a-treatment-for-muscle-spasms/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necesidades nutricionales de los niños con parálisis cerebral" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/diet-cerebral-palsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diet-cerebral-palsy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000716.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/paralisis-cerebral-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/paralisis-cerebral.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/cerebral-palsy.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/Paginas/Cerebral-Palsy.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cerebral-palsy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cerebral-palsy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral atetoide" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dyskinetic-cp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dyskinetic-cp.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral atáxica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ataxic-cp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ataxic-cp.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral espástica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spastic-cp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spastic-cp.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis cerebral: Esperanza a través de la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/paralisis-cerebral" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebral-palsy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La parálisis de Bell, o de los músculos faciales, es la parálisis más común y suele afectar un lado de la cara. Los síntomas aparecen de repente. " title="Parálisis de Bell" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html" id="1769" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Parálisis de los músculos faciales</also-called>
<also-called>Parálisis del nervio facial</also-called>
<also-called>Parálisis facial</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La parálisis de Bell es la forma más común de parálisis.  Suele afectar únicamente un lado de la cara. Los síntomas aparecen de repente y suelen ser peores a las 48 horas de haber comenzado. Pueden ser de leves a severos e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parálisis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Caída del párpado y de la comisura de la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baboseo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sequedad del ojo de la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lagrimeo excesivo del ojo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deterioro del gusto &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los científicos creen que una infección viral es la que provoca la hinchazón o inflamación del nervio facial. Es más probable que se presente una parálisis de Bell en las pacientes embarazadas, en diabéticos o en personas con gripe o un resfrío. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tres de cada cuatro pacientes mejoran sin tratamiento. Con o sin tratamiento, la mayoría de las personas empieza a mejorar en 2 semanas y se recupera completamente 3 a 6 meses después. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html" id="1219" language="English">Bell's Palsy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Parálisis facial</see-reference>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis de Bell" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000773.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000773.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis de Bell" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/paralisis-de-bell" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/bells-palsy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis del nervio facial debido a un traumatismo durante el nacimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001425.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis facial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370028?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370028?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis facial de Bell" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/paralisis-facial-de-bell-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la parálisis de Bell?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/paralisis-de-bell" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/bells-palsy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La parálisis supranuclear progresiva es una enfermedad poco común que afecta las células del cerebro que controlan el movimiento de los ojos. Más aquí." title="Parálisis supranuclear progresiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/progressivesupranuclearpalsy.html" id="3610" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2003">
<also-called>Demencia con distonía de la nuca</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome de Richardson-Steele-Olszewski</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La parálisis supranuclear progresiva es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cerebral&lt;/a&gt; poco común. Ocurre por un daño en las células del cerebro. Esta parálisis afecta su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movimiento&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo el control del caminar y el equilibrio. También afecta el pensamiento y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html"&gt;movimiento del ojo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como su nombre lo indica, es progresiva, lo que significa que empeora con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la parálisis supranuclear progresiva. En casos raros, la causa es una mutación en un determinado gen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un signo de esta parálisis es la acumulación anormal de proteínas tau en células nerviosas en el cerebro. Tau es una proteína del sistema nervioso, incluyendo las células nerviosas. Otras enfermedades también causan una acumulación de tau en el cerebro, como por ejemplo la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener parálisis supranuclear progresiva?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, afecta a personas mayores de 60 años, pero en algunos casos puede comenzar antes. Es más común en los hombres.&lt;/p&gt;


 &lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas son muy diferentes para cada persona, pero pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;Pérdida del equilibrio&lt;/a&gt; al caminar: A menudo, este es  el primer síntoma&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas del habla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Dificultad para tragar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Visión borrosa&lt;/a&gt; y problemas para controlar el movimiento de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estado de ánimo y el comportamiento, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y apatía (pérdida del interés y del entusiasmo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;Demencia&lt;/a&gt; leve&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay una prueba específica para parálisis supranuclear progresiva. Puede ser difícil de diagnosticar, porque los síntomas son similares a otras enfermedades, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;mal de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt; y la enfermedad de Alzheimer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticarla, su proveedor de salud tomará su historia médica y le realizará exámenes físicos y neurológicos. Es posible que se someta a una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; u otras pruebas de imagen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento eficaz para la parálisis supranuclear progresiva. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar con algunos síntomas. Algunos tratamientos no farmacológicos, como andadores para caminar y anteojos especiales, también pueden ayudar. Las personas con problemas graves para tragar pueden necesitar una gastrostomía, una cirugía para insertar una sonda de alimentación en el estómago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La parálisis supranuclear progresiva empeora con el tiempo. Muchas personas quedan gravemente discapacitadas dentro de 3 a 5 años después de haber sido diagnosticadas. La parálisis no es mortal por sí sola, pero puede ser peligrosa porque aumenta el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;, asfixia por tragar y lesiones por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt;. Pero con un buen cuidado de las necesidades médicas y nutricionales, muchas personas con parálisis supranuclear progresiva pueden vivir 10 o más años después de los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/progressivesupranuclearpalsy.html" id="3609" language="English">Progressive Supranuclear Palsy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Parálisis progresiva supranuclear</see-reference>
<see-reference>Richardson-Steele-Olszewski, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Disfunción de los ganglios basales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001069.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoplejía supranuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001624.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis supranuclear progresiva" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/paralisis-supranuclear-progresiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis supranuclear progresiva" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/progressive-supranuclear-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20355659?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis supranuclear progresiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000767.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis supranuclear progresiva: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/progressive-supranuclear-palsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355664?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Patient rights differ from state to state but one common patient right is informed consent. Read more about informed consent and how it can impact you." title="Patient Rights" url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientrights.html" id="4253" language="English" date-created="11/03/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;As a patient, you have certain rights.  Some are guaranteed by federal law, such as the right to get a copy of your medical records, and the right to keep them private.  Many states have additional laws protecting patients, and health care facilities often have a patient bill of rights.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An important patient right is informed consent.  This means that if you need a treatment, your health care provider must give you the information you need to make a decision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many hospitals have patient advocates who can help you if you have problems. Many states have an ombudsman office for problems with long term care.  Your state's department of health may also be able to help.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientrights.html" id="4254" language="Spanish">Derechos del paciente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D028701">Patient Rights</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientrights.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html" id="496">End of Life Issues</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyissues.html" id="525">Family Issues</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616">Patient Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html" id="3892">Personal Health Records</related-topic>
<see-reference>Informed Consent</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ombudsman Programs</see-reference>
<see-reference>Privacy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Second Opinion</see-reference>
<site title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are Clinical Trials Safe?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/safety#informed-consent" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/participe/estudios-clinicos/son-seguros-los-estudios-clinicos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Informed Consent" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22informed+consent%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consumer rights and protections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001947.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights" url="https://www.hhs.gov/ocr/index.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program in Your State" url="https://theconsumervoice.org/get_help">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care</organization>
</site>
<site title="Informed Consent" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/informed-consent.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/consentimiento-valido.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Informed consent - adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000445.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patient Bill of Rights" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/financial-insurance-matters/managing-health-insurance/patients-bill-of-rights.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/asuntos-financieros-y-cobertura/manejo-del-seguro-medico/declaracion-de-derechos-del-paciente.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patient rights" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Patient+Rights%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions Are the Answer" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rights and Responsibilities of VA Patients and Residents of Community Living Centers" url="https://www.va.gov/health/rights/patientrights.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Second Surgical Opinions" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Health Care Providers May Communicate About You with Your Family, Friends, or Others Involved in Your Care" url="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/consumers/consumer_ffg.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Medicare Rights" url="https://www.medicare.gov/basics/your-medicare-rights" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/basics/your-medicare-rights">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Patient safety is something everyone should be aware of for the reduction of medical errors. Read about what you can start doing as a patient." title="Patient Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616" language="English" date-created="11/03/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent medical errors by being an active member of your health care team. Research shows that patients who are more involved with their care tend to get better results.  To reduce the risk of medical errors, you can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Ask questions if you have doubts or concerns. Take a relative or friend to your doctor appointment to help you ask questions and understand answers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure you understand what will happen if you need surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tell your health care providers about all the medicines you take, including over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements. Tell them if you have any allergies or bad reactions to anesthesia. Make sure you know how to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html"&gt;take your medications correctly&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get a second opinion about treatment options&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep a copy of your own &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html"&gt;medical history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html" id="2082" language="Spanish">Seguridad del paciente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061214">Patient Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064406">Patient Harm</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/patientsafety.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html" id="5719">Medication Errors</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientrights.html" id="4253">Patient Rights</related-topic>
<site title="About Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chartbook on Patient Safety: National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/chartbooks/patientsafety/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Patient Advocacy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Patient+Advocacy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Patient Safety" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Patient+Safety%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Help prevent hospital errors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Errors: Tips to Help Prevent Them" url="https://familydoctor.org/medical-errors-tips-to-help-prevent-them/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/errores-medicos-20-consejos-para-ayudar-a-prevenirlos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patient Safety" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/patient-safety" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/patient_safety/es/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patient Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Patient+Harm%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Patient+Safety%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions Are the Answer" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Report a Patient Safety Concern or File a Complaint" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safety-topics/report-a-patient-safety-concern-or-complaint/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up: Help Avoid Mistakes in Your Surgery" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/surgical_mistakes_brochure2013-5-15-2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/topics-library/wrong_site_brochure_spanishpdf.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up: Prevent Errors in Your Child's Care" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/pediatric_safety_brochure-5-15-2020.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Staying in the Hospital? Safety Tips for Your Visit" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/12/staying-hospital" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/se-queda-en-el-hospital">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Being a Safe Patient" url="https://www.cdc.gov/patient-safety/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Use of restraints" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000450.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pelvic floor disorders happen when your pelvic floor muscles get weak or injured. Common causes are pregnancy and childbirth. Learn about treatments." title="Pelvic Floor Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="1677" language="English" date-created="06/06/2002">
<also-called>Cystocele</also-called>
<also-called>Enterocele</also-called>
<also-called>Pelvic prolapse</also-called>
<also-called>Rectocele</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and other tissues that form a sling or hammock across the pelvis. In women, it holds the uterus, bladder, bowel, and other pelvic organs in place so that they can work properly.  The pelvic floor can become weak or be injured. The main causes are pregnancy and childbirth. Other causes include being overweight, radiation treatment, surgery, and getting older.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Common symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling heaviness, fullness, pulling, or aching in the vagina. It gets worse by the end of the day or during a bowel movement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seeing or feeling a "bulge" or "something coming out" of the vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a hard time starting to urinate or emptying the bladder completely&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having frequent urinary tract infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leaking urine when you cough, laugh, or exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling an urgent or frequent need to urinate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling pain while urinating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leaking stool or having a hard time controlling gas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being constipated&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a hard time making it to the bathroom in time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider diagnoses the problem with a physical exam, a pelvic exam, or special tests. Treatments include special pelvic muscle exercises called Kegel exercises. A mechanical support device called a pessary helps some women. Surgery and medicines are other treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="2264" language="Spanish">Problemas del piso pélvico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D056887">Pelvic Organ Prolapse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059952">Pelvic Floor Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020047">Rectocele</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012005">Rectal Prolapse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014550">Urinary Incontinence, Stress</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014596">Uterine Prolapse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html" id="114">Urinary Incontinence</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html" id="477">Uterine Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cystocele</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uterine Prolapse</see-reference>
<site title="About Pelvic Floor Disorders (PFDs)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicfloor/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior vaginal wall repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003982.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anterior vaginal wall repair (surgical treatment of urinary incontinence) - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100110_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100110_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cystocele" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=cystocele&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pelvic Floor Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pelvic+Floor%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pelvic Organ Prolapse" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pelvic+Organ+Prolapse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rectal Prolapse" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rectal+Prolapse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rectocele" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=rectocele&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Prolapse" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Prolapse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/cystocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistocele">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Are Pelvic Floor Disorders (PFDs) Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicfloor/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion/diagnostican">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Are Pelvic Floor Disorders (PFDs) Treated?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicfloor/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kegel Exercises" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kegel-exercises" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/ejercicios-kegel">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Expanded Version" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pelvic-floor-dysfunction-expanded-version">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Floor MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic floor muscle training exercises" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003975.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Organ Prolapse" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/urogynecologic-surgical-mesh-implants/pelvic-organ-prolapse-pop">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Organ Prolapse - Prevention" url="https://www.voicesforpfd.org/pelvic-organ-prolapse/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Urogynecologic Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Organ Prolapse -- Surgery" url="https://www.voicesforpfd.org/pelvic-organ-prolapse/surgery/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Urogynecologic Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Posterior Vaginal Prolapse (Rectocele)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20353414?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20353414?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Power to the Pelvis: Strengthening Your Pelvic Floor Muscles" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/03/power-pelvis" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/fortalecer-la-pelvis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Floor Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pelvic+Organ+Prolapse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Uterine+Prolapse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Rectal+Prolapse%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Rectocele%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Urinary+Incontinence%2C+Stress%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pelvic+Floor+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rectal prolapse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001132.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Prolapse Expanded Information" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse-expanded-version">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectocele Expanded Information" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectocele-expanded-information">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Incontinence" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20355727?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stress-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20355727?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Retention" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urogynecologic Surgical Mesh Implants" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/implants-and-prosthetics/urogynecologic-surgical-mesh-implants">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine prolapse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001508.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Prolapse" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-prolapse/symptoms-causes/syc-20353458?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Pessary" url="https://familydoctor.org/vaginal-pessary/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pesario-vaginal/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is a Urogynecologist?" url="https://www.voicesforpfd.org/about/what-is-a-urogynecologist/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Urogynecologic Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is inflammation and infection of a woman's reproductive organs. If untreated, it may cause infertility. Read more." title="Pelvic Inflammatory Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html" id="3044" language="English" date-created="01/13/2003">
<also-called>PID</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, and other female reproductive organs. It causes scarring in these organs. This can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain, abscesses, and other serious problems. PID is the most common preventable cause of infertility in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html"&gt;Gonorrhea&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html"&gt;chlamydia&lt;/a&gt;, two &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs), are the most common causes of PID. Other bacteria can also cause it. You are at greater risk if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are sexually active and younger than 25&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have more than one sex partner&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Douche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some women have no symptoms. Others have pain in the lower abdomen, fever, smelly vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding, and pain during intercourse or urination. Doctors diagnose PID with a physical exam, lab tests, and imaging tests. Antibiotics can cure PID.  Early treatment is important. Waiting too long increases the risk of infertility.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html" id="3045" language="Spanish">Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000292">Pelvic Inflammatory Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>PID</see-reference>
<site title="About Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pid/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pid/es/about/acerca-de-la-enfermedad-inflamatoria-pelvica.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pelvic+Inflammatory+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Douching" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001484.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Inflammatory Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pelvic-inflammatory-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-inflamatoria-pelvica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Inflammatory Disease" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pelvic-inflammatory-disease" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pelvic-inflammatory-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-pid.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000888.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000710.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Inflammatory Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pelvic+Inflammatory+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pelvic pain in the area below your belly button may be caused by different reasons. Talk to your doctor about your specific symptoms and available medical tests." title="Pelvic Pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html" id="4486" language="English" date-created="06/27/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pelvic pain occurs mostly in the lower &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt; area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. It can be a sharp and stabbing pain in a specific spot, or a dull pain that is spread out. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of your daily activities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you're a woman, you might feel pain during your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;period&lt;/a&gt;. It could also happen when you have sex. Pelvic pain can be a sign that there is a problem with one of the organs in your pelvic area, such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, or vagina. If you're a man, the cause could be problem with the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html"&gt;prostate&lt;/a&gt;. In men and women, it could be a symptom of infection, or a problem with the urinary tract, lower intestines, rectum, muscle, or bone. Some women have more than one cause of pelvic pain at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You might have to have lab, imaging, or other medical tests to find the cause of the pain. The treatment will depend on the cause, how bad the pain is, and how often it occurs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html" id="4487" language="Spanish">Dolor pélvico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D060545">Pudendal Neuralgia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017699">Pelvic Pain</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html" id="3061">Abdominal Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1423">Sexual Problems in Women</related-topic>
<site title="Chronic Pelvic Pain" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/chronic-pelvic-pain" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-dolor-pelvico-cronico">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pelvic Pain" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pelvic+Pain%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pudendal Neuralgia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pudendal+Neuralgia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Culdocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003919.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003918.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Pelvic Pain Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Pelvic Pain Treated?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mittelschmerz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001503.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Other Pelvic Pain FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/more_information/other-faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Exam" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Exam" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8263">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Fractures" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/pelvic-fractures" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/fracturas/fracturas-de-la-pelvis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Pain" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Venous Disease (pelvic congestion syndrome or chronic pelvic pain)" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/conditions-and-treatments/pelvic-venous-disease/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355766?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355766?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Pain" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pelvic+Pain%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pudendal+Neuralgia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pudendal Neuralgia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10713/pudendal-neuralgia/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transvaginal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound: Pelvis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ultrasound-pelvis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Pelvic Pain?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid are an autoimmune disorder, affects cells in your skin and mouth. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment." title="Pemphigus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pemphigus.html" id="4948" language="English" date-created="03/18/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pemphigus is an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disorder&lt;/a&gt;. If you have it, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your skin and mouth, causing blisters and sores. No one knows the cause. Pemphigus does not spread from person to person. It does not appear to be inherited. But some people's genes put them more at risk for pemphigus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pemphigoid is also an autoimmune skin disease. It leads to deep blisters that do not break easily. Pemphigoid is most common in older adults and may be fatal for older, sick patients.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose pemphigus with a physical exam, a biopsy, and blood tests. The treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid is the same: one or more medicines to control symptoms. These may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;Steroids&lt;/a&gt;, which reduce inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drugs that suppress the immune system response&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antibiotics to treat associated infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pemphigus.html" id="4949" language="Spanish">Pénfigo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006559">Pemphigoid Gestationis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010390">Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010392">Pemphigus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010391">Pemphigoid, Bullous</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016506">Pemphigus, Benign Familial</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pemphigus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Bullous Pemphigoid</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pemphigoid</see-reference>
<site title="Bullous pemphigoid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000883.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000883.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bullous Pemphigoid" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/BullousPemphigoid?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pemphigoid,+Benign+Mucous+Membrane%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pemphigoid, Bullous" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pemphigoid,+Bullous%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pemphigus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pemphigus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hailey-Hailey Disease (Benign Chronic Pemphigus)" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/HaileyHaileyDiseas?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5913/mucous-membrane-pemphigoid">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nikolsky sign" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003285.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pemphigus" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pemphigus" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/penfigo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pemphigus vulgaris" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000882.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pemphigus Vulgaris" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/atlas/pemphigus-vulgaris?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pemphigus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pemphigus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pemphigoid%2C+Bullous%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pemphigus%2C+Benign+Familial%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pemphigoid%2C+Benign+Mucous+Membrane%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pemphigoid+Gestationis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Penis disorders can cause pain and affect a man's sexual function and fertility. Read about the types of problems, including symptoms and treatments." title="Penis Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/penisdisorders.html" id="1360" language="English" date-created="09/19/2000">
<also-called>Penile disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Problems with the penis can cause pain and affect a man's sexual function and fertility. 
Penis disorders include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Erectile dysfunction&lt;/a&gt; - inability to get or keep an 
erection &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Priapism - a painful erection that does not go away &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Peyronie's disease - bending of the penis during an erection due to a hard lump 
called a plaque &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Balanitis - inflammation of the skin covering the head of the penis, most often in 
men and boys who have not been circumcised &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Penile cancer - a rare form of cancer, highly curable when caught early &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html" id="2020" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del pene</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010409">Penile Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/circumcision.html" id="189">Circumcision</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html" id="118">Erectile Dysfunction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html" id="5656">Male Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/testiculardisorders.html" id="4280">Testicular Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Balanitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Male Genital Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Penile Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Peyronie's Disease</see-reference>
<site title="Atypical genitalia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atypical-genitalia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369273?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ambiguous-genitalia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369273?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Balanitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000862.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bent Penis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/SYM-20050628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/bent-penis/basics/definition/sym-20050628?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Penile Cancer Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/penile-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Genital Diseases, Male" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Genital+Diseases,+Male%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Penile Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Penile+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Penile Induration" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Penile+Induration%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Curvature of the penis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001278.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Differences in Sexual Development" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/differences-in-sexual-development" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/organos-genitales-ambiguos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Penile Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/penile">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epididymitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001279.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epispadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001285.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythroplasia of Queyrat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001300.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="For Boys: Trouble &quot;Down There&quot;" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/down-there.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/down-there.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Penile Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/patient/penile-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pene/paciente/tratamiento-pene-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genital Problems in Men" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypospadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001286.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypospadias" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/hypospadias.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/hipospadias.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypospadias repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003000.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypospadias repair - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000158.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypospadias repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100126_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100126_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammation of the Penis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/men-s-health-issues/penile-and-testicular-disorders/inflammation-of-the-penis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-masculina/trastornos-del-pene-y-de-los-test%C3%ADculos/inflamaci%C3%B3n-del-pene">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is My Penis Normal? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/penis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/penis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Penile Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/penile-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paraphimosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001281.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pearly Penile Papules" url="https://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/pearly-penile-papules/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penile cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001276.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penile Curvature (Peyronie's Disease)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/penile-curvature-peyronies-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/curvatura-del-pene-enfermedad-peyronie">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Penis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002279.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penis care (uncircumcised)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001917.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penis Fracture: Is It Possible?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/penis-fracture/faq-20058154?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/penis-fracture/faq-20058154?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penis Health: Identify and Prevent Problems" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/penis-health/art-20046175?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/penis-health/art-20046175?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penis pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003166.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penis-Enlargement Products: Do They Work?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/penis/art-20045363?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/penis/art-20045363?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Priapism: Prolonged Erection" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/priapism/symptoms-causes/syc-20352005?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/priapism/symptoms-causes/syc-20352005?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Penis disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Penile+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Penile Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/penile-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Penile Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/patient/penile-treatment-pdq#_24" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pene/paciente/tratamiento-pene-pdq#_24">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Penile Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/penile-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Penile Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/patient/penile-treatment-pdq#_48" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/pene/paciente/tratamiento-pene-pdq#_48">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection in Men: How Can I Tell if I Have One?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/FAQ-20058464?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/faq-20058464?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Dull and burning stomach pain are common symptoms of a peptic ulcer. Read about tests that help detect stomach ulcers and get relief for your belly." title="Peptic Ulcer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html" id="357" language="English" date-created="02/19/1999">
<also-called>Duodenal ulcer</also-called>
<also-called>Gastric ulcer</also-called>
<also-called>Stomach ulcer</also-called>
<also-called>Ulcer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. A burning stomach pain is the most common symptom. The pain:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Starts between meals or during the night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Briefly stops if you eat or take antacids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lasts for minutes to hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comes and goes for several days or weeks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help you digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum. The most common cause is infection with a bacterium called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html"&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/a&gt;. Another cause is the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers, but can make them worse. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To see if you have an H. pylori infection, your doctor will test your blood, breath, or stool. Your doctor also may look inside your stomach and duodenum by doing an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopy&lt;/a&gt; or x-ray.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Peptic ulcers will get worse if not treated. Treatment may include medicines to reduce stomach acids or antibiotics to kill H. pylori. Antacids and milk can't heal peptic ulcers. Not smoking and avoiding alcohol can help. You may need surgery if your ulcers don't heal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html" id="2083" language="Spanish">Úlcera péptica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010437">Peptic Ulcer</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html" id="6078">Helicobacter Pylori Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html" id="420">Stomach Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Duodenal Ulcer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stomach Ulcer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ulcers</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium Swallow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Black or tarry stools" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Duodenal Ulcer" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Duodenal+Ulcer%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Peptic Ulcer" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Peptic+Ulcer%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stomach Ulcer" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stomach+Ulcer%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Culture - duodenal tissue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003730.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definition &amp; Facts for Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/definition-facts" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/definicion-hechos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric tissue biopsy and culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal Bleeding: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/h-pylori-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-h-pylori">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peptic ulcer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000206.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peptic Ulcer Disease" url="https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peptic Ulcer Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peptic-ulcer-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ulcera-peptica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peptic Ulcer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Peptic+Ulcer%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stomach ulcer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000133.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms and Causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/symptoms-causes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/sintomas-causas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for H pylori" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007501.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment for Peptic Ulcers (Stomach Ulcers)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ulcers" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ulcers/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ulceras-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulcers" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ulcers.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ulcers.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zollinger-Ellison syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000325.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las perforaciones y tatuajes en la piel pueden significar ciertos riesgos a la salud. Antes de hacerse un tatuaje o un piercing entérese aquí." title="Perforaciones y tatuajes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/piercingandtattoos.html" id="2090" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las perforaciones y los tatuajes son decoraciones en el cuerpo que se remontan a tiempos inmemoriales. Las perforaciones corporales implican abrir agujeros en la piel para poder insertar piezas de joyería. En forma frecuente se hace en el lóbulo de la oreja, pero puede ser en otras partes del cuerpo. Los tatuajes son dibujos sobre la piel hechos con agujas y tintas de colores. Un tatuaje permanente tiene como propósito durar toda la vida. El maquillaje permanente es un tipo de tatuaje.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los riesgos contra la salud de las perforaciones y los tatuajes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reacciones alérgicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Queloides, un tipo de cicatriz que se forma durante la curación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones, tales como la hepatitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para disminuir los riesgos, asegúrese de que el centro donde se realiza el procedimiento sea limpio, seguro y tenga una buena reputación. La esterilización adecuada del equipo es importante. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones para el cuidado de la piel.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los agujeros de las perforaciones suelen cerrarse si no se utilizan joyas en ellos. Es posible eliminar los tatuajes, pero es doloroso y puede dejar cicatrices.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/piercingandtattoos.html" id="1283" language="English">Piercing and Tattoos</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Cirugía de la piel con láser" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002958.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminación de tatuajes: Opciones y resultados" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/eliminacion-de-tatuajes-opciones-y-resultados" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tattoo-removal-options-and-results">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perforaciones en el cuerpo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-piercing-safe.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-piercing-safe.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piercings en el cuerpo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/piercing-en-el-cuerpo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/body-piercing/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piercings: Cómo prevenir complicaciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/piercings/art-20047317?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tatuajes y maquillaje permanente" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tatuajes-y-maquillaje-permanente-tattoos-and-permanent-makeup" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/tattoos-and-permanent-make">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tatuajes: Entender los riesgos y las precauciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/tattoos-and-piercings/art-20045067?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/tattoos-and-piercings/art-20045067?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tatuarse es para pensarse: ¿son seguros los tatuajes?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/piense-antes-de-tatuarse-la-seguridad-de-los-tatuajes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/think-you-ink-tattoo-safety">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The pericardium is a membrane that surrounds the heart. Pericardial disorders include pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade." title="Pericardial Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html" id="5664" language="English" date-created="10/20/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The pericardium is a membrane, or sac, that surrounds your heart. It holds the heart in place and helps it work properly.  Problems with the pericardium include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pericarditis - an inflammation of the sac. It can be from a virus or other infection, a heart attack, heart surgery, other medical conditions, injuries, and certain medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pericardial effusion - the  buildup of fluid in the sac&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cardiac tamponade - a serious problem in which buildup of fluid in the sac causes problems with the function of the heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of pericardial problems include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Fever is a common symptom of acute pericarditis. Your doctor may use a physical exam, imaging tests, and heart tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html" id="5665" language="Spanish">Trastornos del pericardio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010493">Pericarditis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010490">Pericardial Effusion</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002305">Cardiac Tamponade</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html" id="277">Heart Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pericardial Effusion</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pericarditis</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Pericarditis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/pericardial-disease-and-myocarditis/acute-pericarditis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/enfermedad-peric%C3%A1rdica-del-pericardio-y-miocarditis/pericarditis-aguda">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac tamponade" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000194.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pericarditis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/pericardial-disease-and-myocarditis/chronic-pericarditis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/enfermedad-peric%C3%A1rdica-del-pericardio-y-miocarditis/pericarditis-cr%C3%B3nica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pericardial Effusion" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pericardial+Effusion%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pericarditis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pericarditis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dressler Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health Tests: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Inflammation" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/inflamacion-cardiaca">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myocarditis and Pericarditis after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pericardial Effusion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pericardial-effusion/symptoms-causes/syc-20353720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pericardial-effusion/symptoms-causes/syc-20353720?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericardial fluid culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003720.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003720.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericardial fluid Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003719.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericardiocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003872.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000182.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000182.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pericarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352510?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/pericarditis-2/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/pericarditis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis - after heart attack" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000166.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis - constrictive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001103.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericardial Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pericarditis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pericardial+Effusion%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Cardiac+Tamponade%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Period pain affects many women, and it can be severe. Learn about the cause of menstrual cramps, what you can do to feel better, and when you need to see a doctor." title="Period Pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html" id="6415" language="English" date-created="11/15/2016">
<also-called>Dysmenorrhea</also-called>
<also-called>Menstrual cramps</also-called>
<also-called>Menstrual pain</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are painful periods?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;Menstruation&lt;/a&gt;, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that happens as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Many women have painful periods, also called dysmenorrhea. The pain is most often menstrual cramps, which are a throbbing, cramping pain in your lower abdomen. You may also have other symptoms, such as lower back pain, nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. Period pain is not the same as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html"&gt;premenstrual syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PMS). PMS causes many different symptoms, including weight gain, bloating, irritability, and fatigue. PMS often starts one to two weeks before your period starts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes painful periods?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. Each type has different causes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common kind of period pain. It is period pain that is not caused by another condition. The cause is usually having too many prostaglandins, which are chemicals that your uterus makes. These chemicals make the muscles of your uterus tighten and relax, and this causes the cramps.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The pain can start a day or two before your period. It normally lasts for a few days, though in some women it can last longer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You usually first start having period pain when you are younger, just after you begin getting periods. Often, as you get older, you have less pain. The pain may also get better after you have given birth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Secondary dysmenorrhea often starts later in life. It is caused by conditions that affect your uterus or other reproductive organs, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html"&gt;endometriosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;uterine fibroids&lt;/a&gt;. This kind of pain often gets worse over time. It may begin before your period starts and continue after your period ends.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can I do about period pain?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To help ease your period pain, you can try:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a heating pad or hot water bottle on your lower abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting some exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking a hot bath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing relaxation techniques, including yoga and meditation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You might also try taking over-the-counter pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs include ibuprofen and naproxen. Besides relieving pain, NSAIDs reduce the amount of prostaglandins that your uterus makes and lessen their effects.  This helps to lessen the cramps. You can take NSAIDs when you first have symptoms, or when your period starts. You can keep taking them for a few days. You should not take NSAIDS if you have ulcers or other stomach problems, bleeding problems, or liver disease. You should also not take them if you are allergic to aspirin. Always check with your health care provider if you are not sure whether or not you should take NSAIDs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It may also help to get enough rest and avoid using alcohol and tobacco.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When should I get medical help for my period pain?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For many women, some pain during your period is normal. However, you should contact your health care provider if:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NSAIDs and self-care measures don't help, and the pain interferes with your life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your cramps suddenly get worse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You are over 25 and you get severe cramps for the first time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have a fever with your period pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have the pain even when you are not getting your period&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is the cause of severe period pain diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To diagnose severe period pain, your health care provider will ask you about your medical history and do a pelvic exam. You may also have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; or other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging test&lt;/a&gt;. If your health care provider thinks you have secondary dysmenorrhea, you might have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/"&gt;laparoscopy&lt;/a&gt;. It is a surgery that that lets your health care provider look inside your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are treatments for severe period pain?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your period pain is primary dysmenorrhea and you need medical treatment, your health care provider might suggest using hormonal birth control, such as the pill, patch, ring, or IUD. Another treatment option might be prescription pain relievers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have secondary dysmenorrhea, your treatment depends upon the condition that is causing the problem. In some cases, you may need surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/periodpain.html" id="6416" language="Spanish">Dolor menstrual</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004412">Dysmenorrhea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/periodpain.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Dysmenorrhea</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dysmenorrhea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dysmenorrhea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dysmenorrhea: Painful Periods" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/dysmenorrhea-painful-periods" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Dismenorrea-Periodos-menstruales-dolorosos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/symptoms-causes/syc-20374938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/symptoms-causes/syc-20374938?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menstrual Period: Menstrual Cramps" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/menstrual-cramps/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/colicos-menstruales/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Painful menstrual periods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003150.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Period Pain" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dysmenorrhea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) happens when there is a narrowing of the blood vessels outside of your heart. Learn about symptoms and treatment." title="Peripheral Arterial Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4083" language="English" date-created="02/17/2005">
<also-called>PAD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) happens when there is a narrowing of the blood vessels outside of your heart. The cause of PAD is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. This happens when plaque builds up on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the arms and legs. Plaque is a substance made up of fat and cholesterol. It causes the arteries to narrow or become blocked. This can reduce or stop blood flow, usually to the legs. If severe enough, blocked blood flow can cause tissue death and can sometimes lead to amputation of the foot or leg.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The main risk factor for PAD is smoking. Other risk factors include older age and diseases like diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people who have PAD don't have any symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain, numbness, achiness, or heaviness in the leg muscles. This happens when walking or climbing stairs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weak or absent pulses in the legs or feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs that heal slowly, poorly, or not at all&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A pale or bluish color to the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lower temperature in one leg than the other leg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor nail growth on the toes and decreased hair growth on the legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Erectile dysfunction, especially among men who have diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;PAD can increase your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;transient ischemic attack&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose PAD with a physical exam and heart and imaging tests. Treatments include lifestyle changes, medicines, and sometimes surgery. Lifestyle changes include dietary changes, exercise, and efforts to lower high &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; levels and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4084" language="Spanish">Enfermedad arterial periférica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058729">Peripheral Arterial Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/peripheralarterialdisease.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400">Atherosclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gangrene.html" id="5580">Gangrene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html" id="533">Vascular Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arteriosclerosis of Extremities</see-reference>
<see-reference>Claudication</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intermittent Claudication</see-reference>
<see-reference>PAD</see-reference>
<site title="About Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/peripheral-artery-disease/about-peripheral-artery-disease-pad">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent placement - peripheral arteries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007393.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplasty and stent placement - peripheral arteries - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000234.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000234.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Angioplasty and Vascular Stenting" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioplasty">
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ankle-Brachial Index" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/ankle-brachial-index/about/pac-20392934?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Arteriogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003327.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Atheroembolic renal disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000480.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buerger's Disease" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/buergers-disease/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Claudication" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/claudication/symptoms-causes/syc-20370952?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intermittent Claudication" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intermittent+Claudication%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Peripheral Arterial Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Peripheral+Arterial+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Peripheral Vascular Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Peripheral+Vascular+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CT Angiography (CTA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Duplex ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003433.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extremity angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003772.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003772.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/patients/glossary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ischemic ulcers - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000742.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limb plethysmography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007288.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MR Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/peripheral-arterial-disease/occlusive-peripheral-arterial-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica-oclusiva">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Functional Peripheral Arterial Disease" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/peripheral-arterial-disease/overview-of-functional-peripheral-arterial-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-arteriopat%C3%ADa-perif%C3%A9rica-funcional">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Angiography" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/peripheral-artery-disease/diagnosing-pad/peripheral-angiogram">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Arterial Disease and Claudication" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peripheral-arterial-disease-and-claudication/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-arterial-periferica-y-claudicacion-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral artery bypass - leg" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007394.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral artery bypass - leg - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000239.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000239.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pad">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral artery disease - legs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000170.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Artery Disease and Diabetes" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/diabetes-complications-and-risks/peripheral-artery-disease--diabetes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral artery disease of the legs - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000577.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peripheral Arterial Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Peripheral+Arterial+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renovascular hypertension" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000204.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.069211">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thromboangiitis obliterans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000172.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understand Your Risk for PAD" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/peripheral-artery-disease/understand-your-risk-for-pad">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Peripheral Artery Disease?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/peripheral-artery-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/arteriopatia-periferica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Peripheral nerves are nerves outside your brain and spinal cord. Learn about neuropathy and more than 100 other types of peripheral nerve disorders." title="Peripheral Nerve Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095" language="English" date-created="01/05/2000">
<also-called>Neuritis</also-called>
<also-called>Peripheral neuritis</also-called>
<also-called>Peripheral neuropathy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are peripheral nerves?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nerves are like wires that carry messages back and forth between your brain and your body. Your peripheral nerves branch off from your brain and spinal cord and connect to all parts of your body, including your muscles and organs. Peripheral nerves carry messages from your brain that control your movement, breathing, heartbeat, digestion, and more. They also carry messages from your body to your brain, so you can feel things, such as pain, heat, and cold.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are peripheral nerve disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Peripheral nerve disorders happen when one or more peripheral nerves are damaged. Damaged nerves may not carry messages correctly, or they may not work at all. As a result, you may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html"&gt;trouble walking&lt;/a&gt;, or a variety of other problems, depending on which nerves are involved.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Peripheral nerve disorders are very common. There are more than 100 different types.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes peripheral nerve disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many things can damage nerves and lead to peripheral nerve disorders:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is the most common cause of peripheral nerve disorders. Most people with diabetes will develop &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;diabetic nerve problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical injury&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;trauma&lt;/a&gt;) that stretches, crushes, squeezes, cuts, or puts pressure on one or more nerves. Some examples of peripheral nerve disorders from physical injury include  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html"&gt;complex regional pain syndrome&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brachialplexusinjuries.html"&gt;brachial plexus injuries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Health conditions&lt;/strong&gt;, including:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancers&lt;/a&gt; and their treatment&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infections&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html"&gt;Lyme disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problems with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;blood vessels&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain medicines.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contact with certain toxic substances&lt;/strong&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;lead&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html"&gt;mercury&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120"&gt;Alcohol use disorder (AUD)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitamin imbalances&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, especially a lack of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-b-test/"&gt;vitamin B12&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/gene/"&gt;genes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, including changes in your genes or conditions that you inherit from your parents, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/charcotmarietoothdisease.html"&gt;Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In certain cases, the cause of peripheral nerve disorder is not known.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of peripheral nerve disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of peripheral nerve disorders depend on which nerves are affected, what is causing the damage, and how serious it is:&lt;/p&gt; 



&lt;!-- TABLE BEGINS HERE --&gt;

&lt;table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="100%"&gt;
	&lt;thead&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Types of nerves&lt;/th&gt;
			&lt;th&gt;Possible symptoms of nerve damage&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/thead&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motor nerves&lt;/strong&gt; control your muscles and all your movement, such as walking, talking, and using your hands.&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weak or aching muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with balance, walking, or using your arms and hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html"&gt;Cramps&lt;/a&gt; or twitching muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle shrinking&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sensory nerves&lt;/strong&gt; carry messages to your brain from your senses, including touch, hot and cold, and pain.&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tingling, numbness, or pain often in the hands and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to feel heat, cold, or pain, such as a cut on your foot&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain from even light touch&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html"&gt;Autonomic nerves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; send messages to your organs to control breathing, digestion, and other body functions that happen without thinking about them.&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;A heartbeat that's too fast or too slow&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html"&gt;Sweating&lt;/a&gt; too much or too little&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vomiting&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html"&gt;urination&lt;/a&gt; or sexual function&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;!-- TABLE ENDS HERE --&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Symptoms may range from mild to very strong. They may develop quickly over days or slowly over months and years. But they are rarely life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How are peripheral nerve disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have a peripheral nerve disorder, your provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html"&gt;family health history&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Order tests, which may include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Nerve tests that measure:
			&lt;ul&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/"&gt;Electrical activity in your nerves and muscles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autonomic-testing/"&gt;How well your autonomic nerves are working&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;/ul&gt;
		&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; of nerve or skin tissue&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt; scan to see what may be pressing on your nerves&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for peripheral nerve disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's important to treat any conditions that are causing nerve damage. In certain cases, that will allow your nerves to heal over time.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for symptoms depends on the type of peripheral nerve disorder you have, where it is, and how severe. Treatment options include:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Braces or splints&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Over-the-counter &lt;strong&gt;patches and skin creams&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prescription medicines&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html"&gt;Non-drug pain management&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, such as electrical stimulation or relaxation therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; to relieve pressure on a nerve&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can peripheral nerve disorders be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can help prevent peripheral nerve disorders by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Managing health conditions that may cause nerve damage, especially diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preventing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt; and accidents&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding toxic substances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html"&gt;Being careful to avoid repeated motions and body positions&lt;/a&gt; that press on your nerves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html"&gt;balanced diet&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;exercising&lt;/a&gt;, limiting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;not smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 7: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-7">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spastic paraplegia type 8: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spastic-paraplegia-type-8">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Specialized Nerve Tests: EMG, NCV and SSEP" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Assessment-Tools/Specialized-Nerve-Tests">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy" url="https://www.foundationforpn.org/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarsal tunnel syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000792.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000792.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transthyretin amyloidosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/transthyretin-amyloidosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Troyer syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/troyer-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ulnar nerve dysfunction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000789.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow-cubital-tunnel-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/atrapamiento-del-nervio-cubital-en-el-codo-sindrome-del-tunel-cubital-ulnar-nerve-entrapment-at-the-elbow/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Parts of the Nervous System?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/parts" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/neuro/informacion/partes">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yuan-Harel-Lupski syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/yuan-harel-lupski-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your peritoneum lines your abdominal wall. Disorders of the peritoneum aren't common but  include peritonitis, cancer and complications from dialysis." title="Peritoneal Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html" id="5583" language="English" date-created="08/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your peritoneum is the tissue that lines your abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in your abdomen. A liquid, peritoneal fluid, lubricates the surface of this tissue.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disorders of the peritoneum are not common. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peritonitis - an inflammation of the peritoneum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Complications from peritoneal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor may use imaging tests or lab tests to analyze the peritoneal fluid to diagnose the problem. Treatment of peritoneal disorders depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html" id="5584" language="Spanish">Enfermedades peritoneales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010532">Peritoneal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html" id="3061">Abdominal Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html" id="3789">Dialysis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Peritonitis</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal exploration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002928.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal exploration - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100049_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100049_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal tap" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000286.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ascites: A Common Problem in People with Cirrhosis" url="https://gi.org/topics/ascites/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Peritoneal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Peritoneal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Peritonitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Peritonitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial Mediterranean Fever" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/familial-mediterranean-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20372470?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mesenteric artery ischemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001156.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peritoneal Cystic Mesothelioma" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10777/peritoneal-cystic-mesothelioma/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peritoneal fluid analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003626.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritoneal fluid culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003727.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003727.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritoneal Ports" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/PeritonealPort" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/PeritonealPort">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001335.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peritonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376247?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peritonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376247?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis - secondary" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000651.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonitis - spontaneous bacterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000648.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritoneal Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Peritoneal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retroperitoneal inflammation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001255.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001255.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7712/superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12871/sindrome-de-la-arteria-mesenterica-superior/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your medical office has your personal health records but it's good for you to create one for yourself too. Find out what you should include on it." title="Personal Health Records" url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html" id="3892" language="English" date-created="08/25/2004">
<also-called>Electronic health records</also-called>
<also-called>Patient health record</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You've probably seen your chart at your doctor's office. In fact, you may have charts at several doctors' offices.  If you've been in the hospital, you have a chart there, too. These charts are your medical records. They may be on paper or electronic. To keep track of all this information, it's a good idea to keep your own personal health record.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;What kind of information would you put in a personal health record? You could start with:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Your name, birth date, blood type, and emergency contact information&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Date of last physical&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dates and results of tests and screenings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Major illnesses and surgeries, with dates&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	A list of your medicines and supplements, the dosages, and how long you've taken them&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Any allergies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Any chronic diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Any history of illnesses in your family&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html" id="3893" language="Spanish">Historia clínica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055991">Health Records, Personal</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D062527">Meaningful Use</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/personalhealthrecords.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/personalhealthrecords.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html" id="4484">Family History</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616">Patient Safety</related-topic>
<see-reference>Confidentiality</see-reference>
<see-reference>Electronic Health Records</see-reference>
<see-reference>HIPAA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Patient Portals</see-reference>
<see-reference>Patient Records</see-reference>
<see-reference>Privacy</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Electronic Health Records" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Electronic+Health+Records%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Health Records, Personal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Personal+Health+Records%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Meaningful Use" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Meaningful+Use%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creating a Personal Health Journal (Health Diary)" url="https://familydoctor.org/creating-a-health-journal/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/creando-un-diario-de-salud/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights" url="https://www.hhs.gov/ocr/index.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights</organization>
</site>
<site title="Does the HIPAA Privacy Rule Allow Parents the Right to See Their Children's Medical Records?" url="https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/faq/227/can-i-access-medical-record-if-i-have-power-of-attorney/index.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electronic Health Records" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ehr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ehr.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Electronic Medical Records/Electronic Health Records (EMRs/EHRs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/electronic-medical-records.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Keep Your Health Information Private and Secure" url="https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/how_to_keep_your_health_information_private_and_secure.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Read Your Radiology Report" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Individuals Use of Technology to Track Health Care Charges and Costs" url="https://www.healthit.gov/data/quickstats/individuals-use-technology-track-health-care-charges-and-costs">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Letting Your Personal Health Information Be Used and Shared for Research" url="https://privacyruleandresearch.nih.gov/patients.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Office-Based Physician Electronic Health Record Adoption" url="https://www.healthit.gov/data/quickstats/office-based-physician-electronic-health-record-adoption">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patient Access to Health Records" url="https://www.healthit.gov/topic/patient-access-information-individuals-get-it-check-it-use-it">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patient portals - an online tool for your health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000880.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting the Privacy and Security of Your Health Information" url="https://www.healthit.gov/topic/protecting-your-privacy-security">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personal Health Records" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Records%2C+Personal%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Meaningful+Use%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Viewing Clinical Notes in Your Child's Electronic Medical Record" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/clinical-notes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/clinical-notes.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Medical Records" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/medical-records.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/medical-records.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People with personality disorders have trouble dealing with everyday stresses and problems. There are many types of personality disorders. Read more." title="Personality Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html" id="4117" language="English" date-created="03/02/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is personality?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your personality is your own way of thinking, feeling, behaving, and relating to others. Once you become an adult, your personality usually doesn't change much.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are personality disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Personality disorders are a group of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorders&lt;/a&gt;. They involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that are different from what is considered normal in your culture. The thoughts and behaviors are unhealthy and inflexible. They cause serious problems with relationships, work, and social activities. They can make it hard to deal with everyday stresses and problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of personality disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are 10 types of personality disorders. They are grouped into three different categories called clusters. The types in each cluster have some similar symptoms and characteristics. The clusters and types are:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cluster A&lt;/strong&gt; personality disorders involve unusual and odd thoughts and behaviors. It includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paranoid personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person has paranoia (an extreme fear and distrust of others). They may think that someone is trying to harm them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Schizoid personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person prefers to be alone and is not interested in having relationships with others.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Schizotypal personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person has unusual thoughts and ways of behaving and speaking. They are uncomfortable having close relationships with others.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cluster B&lt;/strong&gt; personality disorders involve dramatic and emotional thoughts and behaviors that can keep changing. It includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antisocial personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Borderline personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person has lots of trouble managing their emotions. This makes them impulsive and uncertain about how they see themselves. It can cause a lot of trouble in their relationships.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Histrionic personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person is dramatic, has strong emotions, and always wants attention from others.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Narcissistic personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person lacks empathy and wants to be admired by others. They think that they are better than others and that they deserve special treatment.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cluster C&lt;/strong&gt; personality disorders involve anxious and fearful thoughts and behaviors. It includes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoidant personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person is very shy and feels that they are not as good as others. They often avoid people because they fear rejection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dependent personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person depends too much on others and feels that they need to be taken care of. They may let others treat them badly because they are afraid of losing the relationship.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,&lt;/strong&gt; in which a person needs control and order. They are perfectionists and can be inflexible. Although some of the symptoms are similar, this is not the same thing as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html"&gt;obsessive-compulsive disorder&lt;/a&gt; (OCD).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes personality disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Personality disorders usually begin when someone is in their teens or early adult years. The cause is unknown. However, genes and childhood experiences such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;abuse&lt;/a&gt; and trauma likely play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of personality disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of each personality disorder are different. But each disorder involves problems and uncertainty with how people see themselves. The disorders also cause problems in relationships with other people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with personality disorders may have trouble realizing that they have a problem. To them, their thoughts are normal. They may see others as the problem. So they may not seek help when they need it. Or, if they seek help, it may be because of another reason. They may be looking for help because of other mental health symptoms or problems with relationships and work. Sometimes someone else, such as a family member or social agency, may ask them to get help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are personality disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A mental health care provider can diagnose personality disorders. A mental health provider is a health care professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health problems. To make a diagnosis, the provider will consider the person's symptoms, experiences, and family medical history. A thorough medical exam may also be done to help rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;How are personality disorders treated?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, is the main treatment for personality disorders. Medicines may help relieve certain symptoms, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt; or mood swings.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html" id="4118" language="Spanish">Trastornos de la personalidad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010554">Personality Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676">Mental Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html" id="471">Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</related-topic>
<see-reference>Antisocial Personality Disorder</see-reference>
<see-reference>Borderline Personality Disorder</see-reference>
<see-reference>Narcissism</see-reference>
<site title="Antisocial Personality Disorder" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health/antisocial-personality-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/salud-mental/trastorno-personalidad-antisocial">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antisocial personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000921.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Avoidant personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000940.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000940.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Borderline Personality Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Borderline personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000935.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Borderline Personality Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20370237?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Antisocial Personality Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Antisocial+Personality+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Borderline Personality Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Borderline+Personality+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Personality Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Personality+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dependent personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000941.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histrionic personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001531.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="Narcissistic personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000934.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Narcissistic Personality Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20366662?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000942.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paranoia and Delusional Disorders" url="https://www.mhanational.org/conditions/paranoia-and-delusional-disorders">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paranoid personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000938.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personality Disorder" url="https://www.mhanational.org/conditions/personality-disorder">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personality disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000939.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personality Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Personality+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Schizoid personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000920.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000920.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizoid Personality Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoid-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354414?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizotypal Personality Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizotypal-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353919?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizotypal personality disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001525.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Know Before Stopping Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-19-1580418376&amp;amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas de salud comunes de las personas sin hogar incluyen problemas de salud mental, infecciones y  abuso de sustancias, entre otros. Más aquí" title="Personas sin hogar y la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homelessnessandhealth.html" id="3537" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2004">
<also-called>Problemas de salud de los sin techo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las causas de la falta de hogar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada noche, cientos de miles de personas no cuentan con una vivienda en los Estados Unidos. Algunas de ellas no tienen hogar de forma crónica, mientras otras han perdido temporalmente su techo. Las razones del sinhogarismo son complejas. Pueden incluir una combinación de factores como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pobreza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desempleo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de vivienda asequible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos mentales&lt;/a&gt; y por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;consumo de drogas &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trauma y violencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;Violencia en la pareja&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el sistema de justicia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una enfermedad grave repentina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Divorcio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muerte de la pareja o del padre o madre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;Discapacidades&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es el vínculo entre la falta de hogar y la salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mala salud puede contribuir a la falta de vivienda. Además, el sinhogarismo puede contribuir a la mala salud. Muchos de los problemas que enfrentan las personas sin techo pueden empeorar su salud, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Acceso limitado a la atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas para conseguir suficientes alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas para mantenerse seguro&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Violencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;Estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Condiciones de vida insalubres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exposición a clima severo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son algunos de los problemas de salud comunes que tienen las personas sin hogar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los problemas de salud comunes que pueden tener las personas sin hogar incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades pulmonares&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;bronquitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis &lt;/a&gt;y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html"&gt;Desnutrición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas por consumo de drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;Heridas&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html"&gt;infecciones de la piel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas sin hogar están lidiando con un trauma. Pueden haber sido abusados o agredidos. Esto incluye a los niños sin hogar, los que tienen un mayor riesgo de tener problemas emocionales y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html"&gt;comportamiento&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Póngase en contacto con su agencia local de asistencia para personas sin hogar para obtener la ayuda que necesita, como acceso a refugios, centros de salud y alimentación gratuita.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/homelessnessandhealth.html" id="3536" language="English">Homelessness and Health</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Escaparse de casa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/running-away.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/running-away.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programas de ayuda de nutrición" url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ES-05-10978.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/10100.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguro Social</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Sabe usted si tiene un peso saludable? El sobrepeso y la obesidad ocurre cuando pesa más de lo recomendable para su edad y género. Más información aquí." title="Peso corporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html" id="5611" language="Spanish" date-created="08/30/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;¿Sabe usted si su peso actual es saludable? "Peso por debajo de lo normal", "normal", "sobrepeso" y obesidad son todas descripciones de peso corporal. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y sobrepeso quiere decir que su peso es mayor de lo que debería ser para su salud. Bajo peso quiere decir que es más bajo de lo saludable para usted. Su peso corporal saludable depende de su sexo y altura. En niños también depende de su edad. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un cambio inesperado de peso puede ser una señal de un problema médico. Las causas de pérdida de peso repentino incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades infecciosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades digestivas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las causas de subir de peso repentinamente pueden deberse a medicamentos, problemas de la tiroides, insuficiencia cardíaca y enfermedad renal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una buena nutrición y ejercicio puede ayudarle a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;bajar de peso&lt;/a&gt;. Comer calorías extra dentro de una dieta bien balanceada y tratar cualquier problema médico subyacente puede ayudarle a subir de peso.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html" id="5610" language="English">Body Weight</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html" id="5462">Desnutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059">Obesidad</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca del índice de masa corporal para adultos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/faq/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del índice de masa corporal para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/acerca_indice_masa_corporal_ninos_adolescentes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/bmi-categories.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alimentación y ejercicio: 5 consejos para maximizar tus ejercicios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20045506?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos y el aumento de peso: ¿Cuál es su causa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/faq-20058127?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/antidepressants-and-weight-gain/FAQ-20058127?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprendamos sobre las calorías" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/calorie.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de peso involuntario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003084.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Betabloqueantes: ¿Causan aumento de peso?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/faq-20058385?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/beta-blockers/FAQ-20058385?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculadora del percentil del IMC en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcular las calorías: volver a los conceptos básicos del adelgazamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/calories/art-20048065?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcule su índice de masa corporal" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Curva de crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evaluar su peso" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores que afectan el peso y la salud" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/en-que-consisten-sobrepeso-obesidad-en-adultos/factores-afectan">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Imagen corporal" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health/body-image" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peso del bebé al nacer: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso involuntaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003107.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003107.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/sym-20050700?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/SYM-20050700?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos para la salud por el sobrepeso y la obesidad" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/en-que-consisten-sobrepeso-obesidad-en-adultos/riesgos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobrepeso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003101.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tener sobrepeso durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/tener-sobrepeso-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiroides y el peso" url="https://www.thyroid.org/tiroides-el-peso/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-and-weight/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es el peso adecuado para mi altura?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-height.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-height.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué aparece la pancita de mediana edad?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/por-que-aparece-la-pancita-de-mediana-edad" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/07/why-do-we-get-middle-age-spread">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué significa tener sobrepeso?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/overweight.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/overweight.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índice de masa corporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007196.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El peso de su bebé al nacer es el que le toman inmediatamente después de haber nacido. ¿Cuándo se considera de peso bajo o elevado? Entérese aquí. " title="Peso del bebé al nacer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html" id="6106" language="Spanish" date-created="01/29/2013">
<also-called>Edad gestacional</also-called>
<also-called>Peso al nacimiento</also-called>
<also-called>Peso del recién nacido</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el peso del bebé al nacer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El peso al nacer es el primer peso del bebé, tomado justo después de nacer. Un bajo peso al nacer significa que el bebé pesa menos de 5 libras y 8 onzas (2.5 kg). Un peso alto al nacer significa que el bebé pesa más de 8 libras y 13 onzas (4 kg).&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puede causar un bajo peso al nacer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un bebé con bajo peso al nacer puede nacer demasiado pequeño, demasiado temprano (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;prematuro&lt;/a&gt;) o ambos. Esto puede ocurrir por muchas razones diferentes, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" tid="1956"&gt;Problemas de salud en persona gestante (embarazada)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Consumir sustancias durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infecciones durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;Estar embarazada de más de un bebé&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas con la placenta, el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener padres pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos genéticos&lt;/a&gt; en el bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;Defectos de nacimiento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas puede causar el bajo peso al nacer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los bebés con bajo peso al nacer pueden tener más riesgo de sufrir ciertos problemas de salud. Incluyen problemas inmediatos, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html"&gt;Hipoglucemia&lt;/a&gt; (bajo nivel de azúcar en la sangre)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;Ictericia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para mantener su temperatura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También existe un mayor riesgo de problemas a más largo plazo, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Retraso en el desarrollo motor y social&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Problemas del aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertos problemas de salud en la edad adulta, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puede causar el alto peso al nacer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las causas del alto peso al nacer pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Tener padres grandes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;Diabetes durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; (diabetes gestacional)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertas afecciones genéticas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subir demasiado de peso durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas puede causar el alto peso al nacer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El alto peso al nacer puede ser una preocupación porque puede dificultar el parto y aumentar el riesgo de lesiones al dar a luz. El bebé tiene un mayor riesgo de tener problemas de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;Azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiratorios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ictericia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir los problemas de peso al nacer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda prevenir algunos problemas de peso al nacer al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;chequeos regulares durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;nutrición&lt;/a&gt; y calorías recomendadas durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre si tiene diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html" id="6105" language="English">Birth Weight</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html" id="2106">Bebé prematuro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5432">Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Edad gestacional</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nacer, Peso al</see-reference>
<see-reference>Recién nacido, Peso del</see-reference>
<site title="Apropiado para la edad gestacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002225.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aumento de peso y nutrición neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007302.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajo peso al nacer" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/bajo-peso-al-nacer.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/low-birthweight">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecimiento y el bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/grownewborn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/grownewborn.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grande para la edad gestacional (GEG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002248.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macrosomía fetal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pequeño para la edad gestacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002302.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/retraso-del-crecimiento-intrauterino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intrauterine-growth-restriction/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del crecimiento intrauterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001500.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguimiento del peso y medidas de su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/tracking-your-babys-weight-and-measurements.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Tracking-Your-Babys-Weight-and-Measurements.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La peste es una infección causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis. Existen varios tipos, como la peste bubónica, septicémica y neumónica. Más aquí." title="Peste" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html" id="2258" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Plaga</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La peste es una infección causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis. Las bacterias se encuentran principalmente entre ratas y en las moscas que se alimentan de ellas. Las personas y otros animales pueden adquirir la peste a través de mordeduras de estos animales. En el pasado, la peste destruyó civilizaciones enteras. En la actualidad, la peste es poco común gracias a las mejores condiciones de vida y a los antibióticos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos de pestes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peste bubónica, que causa inflamación de las amígdalas, las adenoides, el bazo y el timo. Los síntomas incluyen fiebre, dolores, escalofríos y sensibilidad en los ganglios linfáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peste septicémica, en la que las bacterias se multiplican en la sangre. Causa fiebre, escalofríos, &lt;em&gt;shock&lt;/em&gt; y hemorragias debajo de la piel o en otros órganos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peste neumónica, en la que las bacterias alcanzan los pulmones y causan neumonía. Las personas infectadas pueden contagiar este tipo de peste a otras personas. Esta es la más grave y puede ser usada como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;agente bioterrorista&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;El diagnóstico se hace a través de pruebas de laboratorio. El tratamiento es un antibiótico fuerte. No existe una vacuna. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plague.html" id="1656" language="English">Plague</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1771">Biodefensa y bioterrorismo</related-topic>
<site title="Peste" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000596.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peste" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/plague/symptoms-causes/syc-20351291?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peste bubónica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/plague/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351297?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peste y otras infecciones por Yersinia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-bacterianas-bacterias-gramnegativas/peste-y-otras-infecciones-por-yersinia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los pesticidas pueden ser beneficiosos al eliminar plagas en cultivos o en el hogar, pero también pueden ser dañinos para las personas o las mascotas." title="Pesticidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html" id="2085" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Plaguicida</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las plagas viven donde no son bienvenidas o causan daños a los cultivos, las personas o los animales. Los pesticidas pueden ayudar a librarse de ellas. Los pesticidas no solo sirven para matar insectos, también incluyen sustancias químicas para el control de hierbas, roedores, moho, gérmenes y otros. Muchos productos domésticos contienen pesticidas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los pesticidas pueden proteger su salud al matar los gérmenes, los animales o las plantas que pueden causarle daño. Sin embargo, estos también pueden ser dañinos para las personas o las mascotas. Es posible que prefiera intentar primero métodos no químicos. Si necesita un pesticida, utilícelo correctamente. Tenga especial cuidado alrededor de niños y mascotas. También es importante desechar los pesticidas correctamente, puede ayudar a proteger el medio ambiente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los pesticidas con base biológica están haciéndose más populares. Frecuentemente, son más seguros que los tradicionales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia de Protección Ambiental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html" id="498" language="English">Pesticides</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html" id="1963">Envenenamiento con productos del hogar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910">Seguridad con los alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fungicidas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Herbicidas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insecticidas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Raticida</see-reference>
<site title="Colinesterasa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003358.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dónde empezar cuando hay incidentes con pesticidas" url="http://npic.orst.edu/incidents.es.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre el repelente de insectos adecuado" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre pesticidas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/informacion-basica-sobre-pesticidas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información de emergencias con pesticidas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/seguridad-pesticidas/informacion-de-emergencias-con-pesticidas" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/emergency.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre salud y seguridad de pesticidas" url="http://npic.orst.edu/health/index.es.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingredientes en pesticidas" url="http://npic.orst.edu/ingred/index.es.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con diazinón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002837.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con herbicidas y matamalezas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002838.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con insecticida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002832.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con malatión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002834.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002834.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con paradiclorobenceno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002902.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con paraquat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001085.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con repelentes de insectos en aerosol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002763.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lista para la prevención del envenenamiento por pesticidas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-checklist.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pesticidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002430.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesticidas y el medio ambiente" url="http://npic.orst.edu/envir/index.es.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesticidas: Minimizando la exposición" url="http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/MinimizingExposure.es.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesticidas: ¿Cuál es mi riesgo?" url="http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/WhatsMyRisk.es.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plaguicidas en el agua subterránea" url="https://water.usgs.gov/gotita/pesticidesgw.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos pesticidas ilegales" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/productos-pesticidas-ilegales" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/illegalproducts/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usar insecticidas y repelentes de insectos durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/repellants.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/repellants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso seguro de los pesticidas" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/uso-seguro-de-los-pesticidas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vigilancia de enfermedades y lesiones causadas por los pesticidas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/surveillance/es/pesticide/vigilancia-de-enfermedades-y-lesiones-causadas-por-los-pesticidas.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo reducir los residuos de pesticidas en frutas y verduras? Lo que debe saber sobre el lavado de frutas y verduras" url="http://npic.orst.edu/capro/fruitwash.es.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es tóxico si lo como o lo toco? ¿La ruta de exposición es importante?" url="http://npic.orst.edu/capro/exposure.es.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pesticides can help get rid of pests. Pesticides can protect your health by killing germs, animals, or plants that could hurt you." title="Pesticides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html" id="498" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<also-called>Fungicides</also-called>
<also-called>Herbicides</also-called>
<also-called>Rodenticides</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pests live where they are not wanted or cause harm to crops, people, or animals. Pesticides can help get rid of them. Pesticides are not just insect killers. They also include chemicals to control weeds, rodents, mildew, germs, and more. Many &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html"&gt;household products&lt;/a&gt; contain pesticides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pesticides can protect your health by killing germs, animals, or plants that could hurt you.  However, they can also be harmful to people or pets. You might want to try non-chemical methods first. If you do need a pesticide, use it correctly. Be especially careful around children and pets. Proper disposal of pesticides is also important - it can help protect the environment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Biologically-based pesticides are becoming more popular. They often are safer than traditional pesticides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html" id="2085" language="Spanish">Pesticidas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010575">Pesticides</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434">Food Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html" id="1463">Household Products</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fungicides</see-reference>
<see-reference>Herbicides</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insecticides</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rodenticides</see-reference>
<site title="Antimicrobial Pesticides" url="https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/antimicrobial-pesticides">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basic Information About Pesticide Ingredients" url="https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/basic-information-about-pesticide-ingredients">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopesticides" url="https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bug spray poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002763.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholinesterase - blood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003358.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citizen's Guide to Pest Control and Pesticide Safety" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-08/documents/citizens_guide_to_pest_control_and_pesticide_safety.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Insecticides" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Insecticides%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pesticides" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Pesticides%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diazinon poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002837.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grass and weed killer poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002838.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="In Case of Pesticide Emergency" url="https://www.epa.gov/rodenticides/case-pesticide-emergency">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insecticide poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002832.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002832.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malathion poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002834.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002834.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paradichlorobenzene poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002902.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paraquat poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001085.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesticides" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/pesticides">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pesticides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002430.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesticides" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pesticides%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Read the Label First! Protect Your Household" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-02/documents/household.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safe Disposal of Pesticides" url="https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/safe-disposal-pesticides">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Bug Killers and Repellents during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/repellants.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/repellants.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Keeping your pet healthy is your responsibility as a pet owner. Know the signs of medical problems and what to look out for." title="Pet Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pethealth.html" id="1399" language="English" date-created="12/13/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pets can add fun, companionship and a feeling of safety to your life. Before getting a pet, think carefully about which animal is best for your family. What is each family member looking for in a pet? Who will take care of it? Does anyone have pet allergies? What type of animal suits your lifestyle and budget?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once you own a pet, keep it healthy. Know the signs of medical problems. Take your pet to the veterinarian if you notice:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Drinking a lot of water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gaining or losing a lot of weight quickly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Strange behavior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being sluggish and tired&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble getting up or down&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Strange lumps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pethealth.html" id="2086" language="Spanish">Salud de las mascotas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000829">Animals, Domestic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pethealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4055">Animal Diseases and Your Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html" id="3229">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html" id="523">Rabies</related-topic>
<see-reference>Animal Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pets</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veterinary Medicine</see-reference>
<site title="10 Poison Pills for Pets" url="https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/10-poison-pills-pets">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Dog Flu" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu-in-animals/about/canine-flu.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/other/canine-flu/keyfacts.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Dog or Cat Tapeworm Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dipylidium/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure: Protect Your Pet from Heartworms Year-Round" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ounce-prevention-worth-pound-cure-protect-your-pet-heartworms-year-round" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/proteja-su-mascota-de-los-parasitos-del-corazon-durante-todo-el-ano">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Animal Product Safety Information" url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/safety-health/product-safety-information">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Be Prepared: Pet Safety in Emergencies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/emergency-preparedness/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/Spanish/especialesCDC/MascotasDesastreNatural/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birds (Pets)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/birds.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canine Distemper" url="https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/canine-distemper">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canine Parvovirus" url="https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/canine-parvovirus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disease Precautions for Dog Walkers" url="https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/disease-precautions-dog-walkers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dog Bite Prevention" url="https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/dog-bite-prevention">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fleas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001329.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluorouracil and Pet Safety" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fluorouracil-and-pet-safety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/horses.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Household Hazards to Pets" url="https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/petcare/household-hazards">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Report Problems with Flea and Tick Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-report-problems-flea-and-tick-products">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep the Worms Out of Your Pet's Heart! The Facts About Heartworm Disease" url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/keep-worms-out-your-pets-heart-facts-about-heartworm-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/mantenga-los-parasitos-fuera-del-corazon-de-su-mascota-informacion-sobre-la-enfermedad-del-parasito">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keep Your Dogs and Cats Safe from Holiday Hazards" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/keep-your-dogs-and-cats-safe-holiday-hazards" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/proteja-sus-perros-y-gatos-de-los-peligros-de-las-fiestas-decembrinas">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication Errors Happen to Pets, Too" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/medication-errors-happen-pets-too" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-errores-de-medicacion-tambien-ocurren-en-las-mascotas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicines for Your Pet: What's the Difference Between FDA-Approved and Pharmacy-Compounded Drugs?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/medicines-your-pet-whats-difference-between-fda-approved-pharmacy-compounded-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/medicamentos-para-su-mascota-cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-los-medicamentos-aprobados-por-la-fda-y-los">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="My Dog Has Cancer: What Do I Need to Know?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/my-dog-has-cancer-what-do-i-need-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mi-perro-tiene-cancer-que-necesito-saber">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pets and the immunocompromised person" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003967.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potentially Dangerous Items for Your Pet" url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/potentially-dangerous-items-your-pet" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/articulos-potencialmente-peligrosos-para-su-mascota">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Ticks on Pets" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/preventing-ticks-on-pets.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-garrapatas-en-las-mascotas.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pets" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%2C+Domestic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Read the Label First! Protect Your Pets" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-02/documents/pets.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella: Dry Pet Foods and Pet Treats (FAQ)" url="https://www.avma.org/salmonella-dry-pet-foods-and-pet-treats-faq">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ticks and Lyme Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ticks-and-lyme-disease-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-garrapatas-y-la-enfermedad-de-lyme-sintomas-tratamiento-y-prevencion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Cushing's Disease in Dogs" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-cushings-disease-dogs" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-tratar-la-enfermedad-de-cushing-en-los-perros">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations" url="https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/vaccinations">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ways to Stay Healthy Around Animals" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What You Should Know about COVID-19 and Pets" url="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/animals/pets.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/positive-pet.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xylitol and Your Dog: Danger, Paws Off" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-xilitol-es-peligroso-para-los-perros-mantengalo-fuera-de-su-alcance">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="In phenylketonuria (PKU), your body can't process phenylalanine, an amino acid in most foods. Read about genetics, screening, and special diets." title="Phenylketonuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/phenylketonuria.html" id="1231" language="English" date-created="11/16/2000">
<also-called>PKU</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;amino acid metabolism disorder&lt;/a&gt;. It is inherited. If you have it, your body can't process phenylalanine (Phe). Phe is an amino acid, a building block of proteins. It is in almost all foods. If your Phe level gets too high, it can damage your brain and cause severe intellectual disability.  All babies born in U.S. hospitals must now have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;screening&lt;/a&gt; test for PKU. This makes it easier to diagnose and treat the problem early. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The best treatment for PKU is a diet of low-protein foods. There are special formulas for newborns.  For older children and adults, the diet includes many fruits and vegetables. It also includes some low-protein breads, pastas, and cereals. Nutritional formulas provide the vitamins and minerals you can't get from their food.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Babies who get on this special diet soon after they are born develop normally. Many have no symptoms of PKU. It is important to stay on the diet for the rest of your life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html" id="2087" language="Spanish">Fenilcetonuria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010661">Phenylketonurias</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html" id="33">Genetic Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html" id="4041">Newborn Screening</related-topic>
<see-reference>PKU</see-reference>
<site title="About Phenylketonuria (PKU)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Phenylketonurias" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Phenylketonurias%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Phenylketonuria (PKU)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Phenylketonuria (PKU)" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Phenylketonuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phenylketonuria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/phenylketonuria/symptoms-causes/syc-20376302?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/phenylketonuria/symptoms-causes/syc-20376302?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phenylketonuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001166.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phenylketonuria (PKU) Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phenylketonuria-pku-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-deteccion-de-fenilcetonuria-fcu/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phenylketonuria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/phenylketonuria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PKU (Phenylketonuria) in Your Baby" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/pku-phenylketonuria-your-baby" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/fenilcetonuria.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phenylketonuria" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Phenylketonurias%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Serum phenylalanine screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003362.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sugar Substitutes" url="https://familydoctor.org/sugar-substitutes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sustitutos-para-el-azucar/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tetrahydrobiopterin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Symptoms of Phenylketonuria (PKU)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Treatments for Phenylketonuria (PKU)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pku/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor. Pheochromocytomas often cause the adrenal gland to make too many hormones. This can lead to high blood pressure." title="Pheochromocytoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pheochromocytoma.html" id="1237" language="English" date-created="06/05/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that usually starts in the cells of one of your adrenal glands. Although they are usually &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html"&gt;benign&lt;/a&gt;, pheochromocytomas often cause the adrenal gland to make too many hormones. This can lead to high blood pressure and cause  symptoms such as :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sweating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pounding of the heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being shaky&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being extremely pale&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes pheochromocytoma is part of another condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN). People with MEN often have other cancers and other problems involving hormones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use lab tests and imaging tests to diagnose it. Surgery is the most common treatment.  Other options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pheochromocytoma.html" id="2088" language="Spanish">Feocromocitoma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010673">Pheochromocytoma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pheochromocytoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="128">Adrenal Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="About Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pheochrom/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal gland removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007437.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenal Gland Removal (Adrenalectomy)" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/adrenal-gland-removal-adrenalectomy-patient-information-from-sages/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamine blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003561.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamine Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/catecholamine-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-catecolaminas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catecholamines - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003613.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/child-pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pheochromocytoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pheochromocytoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Pheochromocytoma?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pheochrom/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MIBG scintiscan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003830.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia-type-1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nonsyndromic paraganglioma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nonsyndromic-paraganglioma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pheochromocytoma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pheochromocytoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355367?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pheochromocytoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355367?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pheochromocytoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000340.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Overview" url="https://science.nichd.nih.gov/confluence/display/pheo/Overview">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pheochromocytoma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pheochromocytoma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#_35">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#_61">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Symptoms of Pheochromocytoma?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pheochrom/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pheochrom/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. There are many specific phobias. Treatment helps most people with phobias." title="Phobias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html" id="360" language="English" date-created="01/10/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A phobia is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety disorder&lt;/a&gt;.  It is a strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed-in places. If you become anxious and extremely self-conscious in everyday social situations, you could have a social phobia. Other common phobias involve tunnels, highway driving, water, flying, animals and blood. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with phobias try to avoid what they are afraid of. If they cannot, they may experience:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Panic and fear&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Rapid heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Trembling&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;A strong desire to get away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Phobias usually start in children or teens, and continue into adulthood. The causes of specific phobias are not known, but they sometimes run in families. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment helps most people with phobias. Options include medicines, therapy or both.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html" id="2089" language="Spanish">Fobias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010698">Phobic Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html" id="144">Anxiety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html" id="601">Panic Disorder</related-topic>
<see-reference>Agoraphobia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Social Anxiety Disorder</see-reference>
<see-reference>Social Phobia</see-reference>
<site title="Agoraphobia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355987?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agoraphobia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000923.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety and Depression Association of America" url="https://adaa.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Anxiety and Depression Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Fears and Worries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anxiety.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Agoraphobia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Agoraphobia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Phobia, Social" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Phobia,+Social%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Phobic Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Phobic+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fear of Public Speaking: How Can I Overcome It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/expert-answers/fear-of-public-speaking/faq-20058416?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/expert-answers/fear-of-public-speaking/faq-20058416?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fears and Phobias" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/phobias.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Therapist" url="https://members.adaa.org/page/FATMain?">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Anxiety and Depression Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Your Local NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/findsupport/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Cope with Medical Test Anxiety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phobia - simple/specific" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000956.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phobias" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/phobias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/phobias.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phobias" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phobias" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Phobic+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Social Anxiety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/social-phobia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/social-phobia.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Social anxiety disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000957.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Social Anxiety Disorder: More than Just Shyness" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-ansiedad-social-mas-alla-de-la-simple-timidez">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Adolescent: Anxiety and Avoidant Disorders" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resource_Centers/Anxiety_Disorder_Resource_Center/Your_Adolescent_Anxiety_and_Avoidant_Disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué enfermedades transmiten los mosquitos? ¿Cómo prevenir la picadura de mosquitos? Entérese aquí." title="Picadura de mosquitos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html" id="6546" language="Spanish" date-created="06/28/2017">
<also-called>Picadura de zancudos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los mosquitos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insectos&lt;/a&gt; que viven en todo el mundo. Existen miles de diferentes especies de mosquitos. En Estados Unidos hay cerca de 200 tipos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los mosquitos hembras pican animales y seres humanos y beben una cantidad muy pequeña de sangre. Necesitan proteínas y hierro de la sangre para producir sus huevos. Después de beber la sangre, buscan un poco de agua estancada para poner sus huevos. Las larvas salen del huevo, luego se convierten en pupas para posteriormente convertirse en mosquitos adultos. Los machos viven de una semana a 10 días, mientras las hembras pueden vivir varias semanas. Algunos mosquitos hembras pueden hibernar en el invierno e incluso vivir por meses.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas de salud pueden causar las picaduras de mosquitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las picaduras de mosquitos son inofensivas, pero hay momentos en que pueden ser peligrosas. Las formas en que las picaduras de mosquitos pueden afectar a los humanos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Causar un bulto que pica&lt;/b&gt; como una respuesta del sistema inmune a la saliva del mosquito. Esta es la reacción más común. Los bultos suelen desaparecer después de un par de días&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Causar reacciones alérgicas&lt;/b&gt;, incluyendo ampollas, urticaria y, en casos raros, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anafilaxia&lt;/a&gt;. La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave que afecta a todo el cuerpo. Es una emergencia médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transmisión de enfermedades a seres humanos.&lt;/b&gt; Algunas de estas enfermedades pueden ser graves. Muchas no tienen tratamiento y sólo hay vacunas para pocas de ellas. Estas enfermedades son un problema más serio en África y otras áreas tropicales del mundo, pero un mayor número se está extendiendo a EE. UU. Uno de los factores es el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/climatechange.html"&gt;cambio climático&lt;/a&gt;, que hace que las condiciones en algunas partes del país sean más favorables a ciertos tipos de mosquitos. Otras razones incluyen el aumento del comercio y los viajes hacia áreas tropicales y subtropicales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué enfermedades pueden propagar los mosquitos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades comunes propagadas por los mosquitos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chikungunya.html"&gt;Chikungunya&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; Infección viral que causa fiebre y dolor severo en las articulaciones. Los síntomas suelen durar cerca de una semana, pero para algunos el dolor articular puede durar meses. La mayoría de los casos de chikungunya en el país ocurre en personas que viajaron a otros países, pero ha habido brotes en EE. UU.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html"&gt;Dengue&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; Infección viral que causa fiebre alta, dolores de cabeza, dolor en las articulaciones y los músculos, vómitos y sarpullido. La mayoría de las personas mejoran en pocas semanas. En algunos casos puede llegar a ser muy grave, e incluso poner la vida en peligro. El dengue es raro en EE. UU.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html"&gt;Malaria&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; Enfermedad parasitaria que causa síntomas graves como fiebre alta, escalofríos temblorosos y síntomas similares a la gripe. Puede ser mortal, pero hay medicinas para tratarla. La malaria es un problema de salud importante en muchas áreas tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Casi todos los casos de malaria en EE. UU. ocurre en personas que viajaron a otros países&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html"&gt;Virus del Nilo Occidental&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; Infección viral que a menudo no presenta síntomas. Si los hay,  suelen ser leves e incluyen fiebre, dolor de cabeza y náuseas. En casos raros, el virus puede entrar al cerebro y ser mortal. Este virus se ha expandido por EE. UU. continental&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html"&gt;Zika&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; Infección viral que a menudo no causa síntomas. Una de cada cinco personas infectadas presenta síntomas que suelen ser leves. Incluyen fiebre, sarpullido, dolor en las articulaciones y conjuntivitis. Además de ser propagada por mosquitos, el Zika puede transmitirse de la madre al bebé durante el embarazo y causar defectos de nacimiento serios. También puede propagarse de un compañero a otro durante el acto sexual. Ha habido algunos brotes de Zika en el sur de EE. UU.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se pueden prevenir las picaduras de mosquitos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Use un repelente de insectos cuando esté al aire libre:&lt;/b&gt; Elija un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA). Esta agencia los evalúa para confirmar que sean seguros y efectivos. Asegúrese de que el repelente tenga alguno de estos ingredientes: DEET, icaridina, IR3535, aceite de eucalipto de limón o para-mentano-diol. Es importante seguir las instrucciones de la etiqueta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cúbrase:&lt;/b&gt; Use mangas largas, pantalones largos y calcetines cuando esté al aire libre. Los mosquitos pueden picar a través de la tela delgada, así que rocíe la ropa fina con un repelente registrado por la EPA como permetrín. No lo aplique directamente sobre la piel&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Proteja a su hogar de los mosquitos:&lt;/b&gt; Instale o repare pantallas en ventanas y puertas para evitar que los mosquitos entren. Use el aire acondicionado si lo tiene&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Elimine los criaderos de mosquitos:&lt;/b&gt; Vacíe regularmente el agua estancada de su casa y patio. El agua podría estar en macetas, canaletas, cubos, cubiertas de la piscina, platos de agua para mascotas, neumáticos desechados o baños para pájaros&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Si va a viajar, infórmese sobre las áreas de destino:&lt;/b&gt; Averigüe si hay riesgo de enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos, y si es así, si existe una vacuna o medicamento para prevenirlas. Consulte a un proveedor de atención médica familiarizado con medicinas para viajes, idealmente entre cuatro a seis semanas antes partir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545" language="English">Mosquito Bites</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chikungunya.html" id="6346">Chikungunya</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html" id="2019">Malaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html" id="2085">Pesticidas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html" id="2228">Virus del Nilo Occidental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html" id="6343">Virus del Zika</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mosquitos, Picadura de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zancudos, Picaduras de</see-reference>
<site title="Combatiendo las picaduras" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/combatiendo-las-picaduras" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/battling-bites">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control de mosquitos contra el virus del Zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/php/mosquito-control/control-de-mosquitos-contra-el-virus-del-zika.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar a las picaduras de mosquitos" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/como-evitar-las-picaduras-de-mosquito">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las picaduras de mosquitos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-picaduras-de-mosquitos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/prevention/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre el repelente de insectos adecuado" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de mosquitos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mosquito-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20375310?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mosquito-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20375310?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la picaduras de mosquitos cuando viaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de los mosquitos y las garrapatas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-119_sp/pdfs/2010-119_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó un mosquito!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/mosquito.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/mosquito.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si le pica una araña, puede tener una reacción similar a la de una abeja, como enrojecimiento, dolor e hinchazón en el lugar de la picadura. Entérese aquí." title="Picaduras de arañas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spiderbites.html" id="5250" language="Spanish" date-created="08/03/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Aunque mucha gente le tiene miedo a las arañas, éstas generalmente no pican a las personas a menos que se sientan amenazadas. La mayoría de las picaduras de arañas son inofensivas. A veces pueden causar reacciones alérgicas. Pero las picaduras de la viuda negra o la reclusa parda pueden ser muy peligrosas.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Si a usted le ha picado una araña, quizás tenga una reacción similar a la que puede ocasionarle una abeja, como enrojecimiento, dolor e hinchazón en el lugar de la picadura. Para tratar una picadura de araña:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lave el área afectada con agua y jabón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aplique hielo o una compresa húmeda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si necesita, tome un medicamento para el dolor de venta libre&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Considere tomar remedios para la alergia en caso de hinchazón severa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Busque tratamiento médico para niños y adultos con síntomas graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spiderbites.html" id="5249" language="English">Spider Bites</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html" id="1775">Mordeduras de animales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html" id="2253">Picaduras de garrapatas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Arañas, Picaduras de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Arácnidos, Picaduras</see-reference>
<site title="Araña reclusa parda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002859.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Araña viuda negra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002858.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002858.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picadura de araña" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/mordeduras-y-picaduras/picadura-de-ara%C3%B1a">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picadura de araña de tela en embudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002844.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picadura de tarántula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002855.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de arañas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spider-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352371?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spider-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352371?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de arañas: primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-spider-bites/basics/art-20056618?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-spider-bites/basics/ART-20056618?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una araña viuda negra!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/black-widow.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/black-widow.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una coloradilla!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chigger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chigger.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una reclusa parda!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/brown-recluse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/brown-recluse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una tarántula!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tarantula.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tarantula.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las picaduras de garrapatas pueden transmitir muchas enfermedades, incluidas la enfermedad de Lyme y la fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas. Aprenda cómo prevenir las picaduras de garrapatas y qué hacer si le pican." title="Picaduras de garrapatas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html" id="2253" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las garrapatas?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Las garrapatas son pequeños parásitos. Pueden parecer insectos, pero 
tienen ocho patas y son parientes con las arañas. Las garrapatas se alimentan 
de la sangre de personas y animales de sangre caliente. Hay muchos tipos de 
garrapatas en los Estados Unidos y viven en diferentes partes del país.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Las garrapatas pueden ser de diferentes colores y tamaños. Pueden ser 
de color claro, marrón rojizo o marrón oscuro. Algunas garrapatas son tan 
pequeñas que pueden ser difíciles de ver. Las garrapatas pueden prenderse a 
su cuerpo si camina por áreas donde viven, como pasto alto, hojarasca o 
arbustos.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué debo preocuparme por las picaduras de garrapatas?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Si pasa tiempo al aire libre o tiene mascotas que salen afuera, debe tener 
cuidado con las garrapatas. Cuando pican, ciertos tipos de garrapatas pueden 
transmitir gérmenes que causan diferentes enfermedades. En ocasiones, los 
síntomas pueden ser leves. En otros casos, puede tener problemas de salud 
graves y duraderos. Algunas de las enfermedades que puede contraer por la 
picadura de una garrapata (llamadas enfermedades transmitidas por 
garrapatas) incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Lyme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Síndrome alfa-gal (alergia a la carne roja por picadura de garrapata)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Babesiosis&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Erliquiosis&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Tularemia&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;  
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué pasa si me pica una garrapata?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Es posible que no sienta cuando le muerda una garrapata. La garrapata puede permanecer prendida a su cuerpo durante varios días. Si está infectada, 
puede transmitirle cualquier germen una vez que comience a chupar su 
sangre. Pero si la atrapa y la elimina antes de que se llene de sangre, es 
menos probable que se infecte.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo elimino una garrapata?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Si encuentra una garrapata prendida a su piel, retírela lo antes posible. 
Puede usar un dispositivo para quitar garrapatas o unas pinzas de punta 
fina:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Usando las pinzas, agarre la garrapata lo más cerca posible de su piel&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tire hacia arriba con una presión uniforme y constante. No tuerza ni 
sacuda la garrapata. Trate de eliminar toda la garrapata en una sola pieza si 
puede. Si las partes de la boca de la garrapata se rompen y permanecen en la 
piel, trate de sacarlas. Pero si no puede eliminarlas fácilmente, déjelas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Limpie a fondo el área de la picadura y sus manos con alcohol o agua y 
jabón&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo debo comunicarme con mi profesional de la salud por una 
picadura de garrapata?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Muchas enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas pueden tener signos y 
síntomas similares. Los más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Escalofríos &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Molestias y dolores&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Si desarrolla alguno de estos síntomas dentro de varias semanas después 
de quitar una garrapata, contacte a su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo prevenir las picaduras de garrapatas?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;Hay pasos que puede tomar para prevenir las picaduras de garrapatas:&lt;!--
 p--&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Evite las áreas boscosas, con matorrales y cubiertas de hierba, 
especialmente durante los meses más cálidos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Use repelentes de insectos con DEET, picaridina u otro repelente de 
insectos registrado en la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) de EE. UU.&lt;!--
 li--&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use ropa protectora de colores claros&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Trate su ropa y equipo con productos que contengan 0.5% de permetrina&lt;!--
 li--&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Métase las piernas de los pantalones dentro de los calcetines y la camisa 
dentro de los pantalones&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Quítese la ropa después de estar al aire libre. Revise su ropa en busca de 
garrapatas y elimine las que encuentre. Lave y seque su ropa a altas 
temperaturas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Revísese a sí mismo, a sus hijos y a sus mascotas todos los días en busca 
de garrapatas; y retire con cuidado cualquier garrapata que encuentre&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html" id="1645" language="English">Tick Bites</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html" id="2015">Enfermedad de Lyme</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Garrapatas, Picaduras de</see-reference>
<site title="Babesiosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/babesiosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/babesiosis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las garrapatas en las mascotas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-garrapatas-en-las-mascotas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/preventing-ticks-on-pets.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las picaduras de garrapatas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-picaduras-de-garrapatas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ehrlichiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001381.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre el repelente de insectos adecuado" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erliquiosis y anaplasmosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ehrlichiosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372142?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de garrapatas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007211.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de garrapatas: Guía paso a paso" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tick-removal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-removal.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000654.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre maculosa de las montañas Rocosas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rocky.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rocky.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre por garrapatas de Colorado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000675.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre Q" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000611.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre recurrente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001350.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre recurrente transmitida por las garrapatas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fiebre-recurrente-transmitida-por-las-garrapatas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/tick-borne-relapsing-fever/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por rickettsias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-por-rickettsias-e-infecciones-relacionadas/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-por-rickettsias">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="No deje que las garrapatas lo enfermen" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-repunte-en-las-garrapatas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/uptick-ticks">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis por garrapata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001359.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picadura de garrapatas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002856.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de los mosquitos y las garrapatas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-119_sp/pdfs/2010-119_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer después de la picadura de una garrapata" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/after-a-tick-bite/que-hacer-despues-de-la-picadura-de-una-garrapata.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/after-a-tick-bite/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serología para tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003523.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de alfa-gal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alpha-gal-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20428608?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000856.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me ha picado una garrapata!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tick.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tick.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué hacer ante las picaduras de garrapata?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tick-bites-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-bites-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mayoría de las picaduras de insectos son inofensivas, aunque pueden causar molestias. Sin embargo, otras pueden causar enfermedades. Cómo prevenirlas." title="Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Picaduras de bichos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las picaduras de insectos son inofensivas, aunque a veces causen molestias. Las picaduras de los aguijones de las abejas, las avispas, los avispones y mordeduras de las hormigas rojas suelen ser dolorosas. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html"&gt;picaduras de mosquitos&lt;/a&gt; y las pulgas causan picazón. Los insectos también transmiten enfermedades. En Estados Unidos, algunos mosquitos trasmiten el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html"&gt;virus del Nilo occidental&lt;/a&gt;. Las personas que viajan fuera de los Estados Unidos pueden estar en riesgo de contraer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html"&gt;malaria&lt;/a&gt; y otras infecciones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir las picaduras de insectos y sus complicaciones:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No moleste a los insectos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use repelente contra insectos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use ropa protectora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sea cuidadoso si come afuera porque la comida atrae a los insectos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si sabe que tiene reacciones alérgicas a picaduras o mordeduras de insectos (como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anafilaxia&lt;/a&gt;), lleve consigo un botiquín de emergencia con epinefrina &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html" id="526" language="English">Insect Bites and Stings</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258">Anafilaxia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bedbugs.html" id="5650">Chinches de cama</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html" id="2015">Enfermedad de Lyme</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html" id="2019">Malaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html" id="1775">Mordeduras de animales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html" id="2258">Peste</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spiderbites.html" id="5250">Picaduras de arañas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html" id="2253">Picaduras de garrapatas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html" id="2228">Virus del Nilo Occidental</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abejas, Picadura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Avispa, Picadura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chinches, Picaduras</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ciempiés, Picadura</see-reference>
<see-reference>Escorpiones, Picaduras</see-reference>
<see-reference>Insectos, Mordeduras y picaduras</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mosquito, Picadura de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Repelentes de insectos</see-reference>
<site title="Alas y picaduras" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Paginas/Wings-and-Stings.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Wings-and-Stings.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergia a las picaduras de insecto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sting-allergy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Como tratar las mordeduras y picaduras de insectos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/Paginas/Caring-For-Insect-Bites-and-Stings.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar a las picaduras de mosquitos" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/como-evitar-las-picaduras-de-mosquito">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo identificar picaduras y aguijonazos de insectos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/identifying-insect-bites-and-stings.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Identifying-Insect-Bites-and-Stings.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre el repelente de insectos adecuado" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormigas coloradas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002843.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002843.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las mordeduras y picaduras" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/mordeduras-y-picaduras/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-mordeduras-y-picaduras">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras y picaduras de insectos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000033.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras y picaduras de insectos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/insect-bite.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/insect-bite.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mordeduras y picaduras de insectos: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-insect-bites/basics/art-20056593?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-insect-bites/basics/ART-20056593?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orugas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002860.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picadura de avispa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002857.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de abejas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bee-stings/symptoms-causes/syc-20353869?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de abejas, avispas, avispones y avispas amarillas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002847.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de bichos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bug-bites.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bug-bites.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picaduras de insectos: Consejos para tener en cuenta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/picaduras-de-insectos-consejos-para-tener-en-cuent" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/stinging-insect-allergy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la picaduras de mosquitos cuando viaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de los insectos que pican" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-117_sp/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de los mosquitos y las garrapatas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-119_sp/pdfs/2010-119_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulgas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001329.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Repelentes de insectos (y el embarazo)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/repelente-de-insectos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de los repelentes de insectos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001969.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tifus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001363.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso seguro de los repelentes de insectos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/repellent-use-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/repellent-use-safety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó un jején!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/gnat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/gnat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó un piojo!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/louse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/louse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una abeja!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/bee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/bee.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una hormiga roja o colorada!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/fire-ant.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/fire-ant.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó una pulga!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/flea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/flea.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácaros del polvo en el hogar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/acaros-del-polvo-en-el-hogar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/asthma/prevention/dust-mites-in-the-home.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La picazón (prurito) es el cosquilleo o la irritación en la piel que provoca la necesidad de rascarse. Es un síntoma de muchas afecciones. Más aquí." title="Picazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html" id="3068" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2003">
<also-called>Comezón</also-called>
<also-called>Picor</also-called>
<also-called>Prurito</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la picazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La picazón es una sensación irritante que despierta la necesidad de rascarse la piel. A veces puede sentirse como algo parecido al dolor, pero es diferente. A menudo, siente que le pica una parte del cuerpo, pero a veces puede sentir comezón en todo su cuerpo. Junto con la picazón, también puede tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html"&gt;urticaria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa picazón?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La picazón es un síntoma de muchas afecciones de salud. Algunas causas comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;Reacciones alérgicas&lt;/a&gt; a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html"&gt;alimentos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;picaduras de insectos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html"&gt;polen&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html"&gt;Enfermedades de la piel&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html"&gt;eccema&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html"&gt;psoriasis&lt;/a&gt; y piel seca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Productos químicos irritantes, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cosmetics.html"&gt;cosméticos&lt;/a&gt; y otras sustancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parásitos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinworms.html"&gt;oxiuros&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html"&gt;sarna&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html"&gt;piojos de la cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html"&gt;cuerpo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;riñón&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; o tratamientos contra el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades que pueden afectar el sistema nervioso, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html"&gt;culebrilla&lt;/a&gt; (herpes zóster)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la picazón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las picazones no son serias. Para sentirse mejor, puede intentar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aplicar compresas frías&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar lociones humectantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar baños tibios o de avena&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar crema de hidrocortisona o antihistamínicos sin receta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar los arañazos, el uso de telas irritantes y la exposición a altas temperaturas y humedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Hable con su proveedor de atención médica si su picazón es severa, no desaparece después de algunas semanas o no tiene una causa aparente. Es posible que necesite otros tratamientos, como medicamentos o fototerapia. Si tiene una enfermedad subyacente que está causando la picazón, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html" id="3067" language="English">Itching</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Comezón</see-reference>
<see-reference>Escocer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Picor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prurito</see-reference>
<site title="Liquen simple crónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000872.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picazón anal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-itching/symptoms-causes/syc-20369345?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Picazón de la piel (prurito)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/symptoms-causes/syc-20355006?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prurito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003217.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prurito" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/prurito-y-dermatitis/prurito">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prurito" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/prurito-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pruritus/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prurito (y cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cambios-piel-unas/prurito-pro-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/skin-nail-changes/pruritus-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001466.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué nos provoca picazón?" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/%BFque-nos-provoca-picazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/what-makes-us-itch">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El pie de atleta es una infección común causada por hongos que afecta el área entre los dedos. Causa picazón, ardor y piel quebradiza y escamosa. Más aquí." title="Pie de atleta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html" id="1761" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Hongos en los pies</also-called>
<also-called>Infección micótica en el pie</also-called>
<also-called>Tiña de los pies</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El pie de atleta es una infección común en el pie causada por hongos que afecta el área entre los dedos. Los síntomas incluyen picazón, ardor y piel quebradiza y escamosa entre los dedos de los pies.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se puede contagiar el pie de atleta al pisar superficies húmedas, como por ejemplo, las duchas, las piscinas y los pisos de los vestidores. Para prevenirlo se debe:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mantener los pies limpios, secos y frescos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Usar calcetines limpios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No caminar descalzo en las áreas públicas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilizar chancletas en las duchas de los vestidores &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos incluyen cremas antimicóticas  sin receta médica, en la mayoría de los casos y medicinas con receta médica para las infecciones más graves. Estos remedios, en general, curan la infección pero ésta puede volver. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html" id="151" language="English">Athlete's Foot</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html" id="2197">Infecciones por tiña</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html" id="1911">Salud del pie</related-topic>
<site title="Examen de hidróxido de potasio en lesión de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003761.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de atleta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/athletes-foot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/athletes-foot.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de atleta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000875.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de atleta" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/athlete-s-foot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/athlete-s-foot">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de atleta" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/symptoms-causes/syc-20353841?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/symptoms-causes/syc-20353841?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de atleta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/athletes-foot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/athletes-foot.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de atleta: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/athletes-foot/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353847?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo fúngico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El daño a los nervios que produce la diabetes puede hacer que pierda la sensación en los pies. Infórmese sobre cuidados y manejo. " title="Pie diabético" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html" id="1854" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas en los pies en personas con diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; es una afección en la que los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa &lt;/a&gt; (azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa entre a las células.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce insulina ni la usa de manera adecuada. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa no puede entrar a sus células tan rápido como de costumbre. La glucosa se acumula en la sangre y provoca niveles altos de azúcar en sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿De qué forma la diabetes causa problemas en los pies?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas en los pies son comunes en personas con diabetes. Pueden ocurrir con el tiempo cuando los niveles altos de azúcar en sangre dañan los nervios y los vasos sanguíneos de los pies. El daño a los nervios, llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html"&gt;neuropatía diabética&lt;/a&gt;, puede provocar entumecimiento, hormigueo, dolor o pérdida de sensibilidad en los pies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no puede sentir dolor, es posible que no se dé cuenta si tiene un corte, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blisters.html"&gt;ampolla&lt;/a&gt; o una úlcera (llaga abierta) en el pie. Esta herida puede infectarse. Es posible que la infección no se cure bien porque los vasos sanguíneos dañados pueden causar un deficiente flujo sanguíneo en los pies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tener una infección y un flujo sanguíneo deficiente puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gangrene.html"&gt;gangrena&lt;/a&gt;, en la que músculo, la piel y otros tejidos comienzan a morir. Si tiene gangrena o una úlcera en el pie que no mejora con el tratamiento, es posible que se necesite una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html"&gt;amputación&lt;/a&gt;. Esta es una cirugía para cortar dedos, el pie o parte de la pierna que resultan dañados. Este procedimiento podría salvarle la vida al evitar que se propague una infección grave.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, hay mucho que puede hacer para evitar que una herida en el pie se convierta en un problema de salud importante.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo proteger mis pies si tengo diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de proteger sus pies es controlando sus niveles de azúcar en sangre todos los días. Esto ayudará a evitar que el daño a los nervios y vasos sanguíneos empeore. El siguiente paso es mantener sana la piel de sus pies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El buen cuidado de los pies para las personas con diabetes incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revisarse los pies todos los días&lt;/strong&gt;: Busque cortes, enrojecimiento y otros cambios en la piel y las uñas de los pies, incluyendo verrugas u otras manchas que sus zapatos podrían frotar. Asegúrese de revisar también la planta de los pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lavarse los pies todos los días&lt;/strong&gt;: Use agua tibia y jabón. No remoje sus pies porque eso puede resecar la piel. Después de secarse los pies, puede usar talco o almidón de maíz entre los dedos para absorber la humedad que puede causar infecciones. Si usa loción humectante, no la aplique entre los dedos de los pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntarle a su médico cómo eliminar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;callos y callosidades&lt;/a&gt; de forma segura&lt;/strong&gt;: La piel gruesa de sus pies puede causar fricción y provocar llagas. Pero quitarlos de manera incorrecta podría dañar su piel. Por lo tanto, no se recomienda limarse la piel ni usar parches medicinales o removedores líquidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cortar las uñas de los pies en línea recta con un cortauñas&lt;/strong&gt;: Si le resulta difícil cortarse las uñas de los pies, o si son gruesas o se curvan en la piel, pídale a un podólogo (especialista de los pies) que lo haga por usted&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siempre use zapatos que le queden bien y calcetines o pantuflas para proteger sus pies al caminar&lt;/strong&gt;: No se recomienda caminar descalzo, ni siquiera en interiores. Y asegúrese de que sus zapatos sean suaves por dentro. Una costura o un guijarro podrían frotar su piel y dañarla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Proteger sus pies del calor y el frío&lt;/strong&gt;: Use protector solar en la piel expuesta y no camine descalzo en la playa. En clima frío, use calcetines gruesos en lugar de calentar sus pies cerca de un calentador o chimenea&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantener la sangre fluyendo por sus pies&lt;/strong&gt;: Levante los pies cuando esté sentado. Mueva los dedos de los pies y haga círculos con los pies a lo largo del día. No use calcetines ajustados. Y realice muchas actividades que no sean demasiado duras para los pies, como caminar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer que le revisen los pies en sus visitas médicas&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluso si no ha notado ningún problema, es bueno que su profesional de la salud le revise los pies&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo debería consultar a mi profesional de la salud por problemas del pie diabético?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas graves en los pies pueden desarrollarse rápidamente. Consulte a su profesional de la salud de inmediato si nota:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un corte, ampolla o hematoma en los pies que no comienza a sanar en unos días&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Piel enrojecida, caliente o dolorida en sus pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un callo con sangre seca en el interior&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una infección del pie que se vuelve negra y huele mal (podría ser gangrena)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Recuerde, controlar su azúcar en sangre y cuidar sus pies todos los días son las mejores medidas que puede tomar para prevenir problemas graves del pie diabético.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html" id="1341" language="English">Diabetic Foot</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1856">Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html" id="1911">Salud del pie</related-topic>
<site title="Alta tras la amputación de un pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amputación y diabetes: Cómo proteger los pies" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/amputation-and-diabetes/art-20048262?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/amputation-and-diabetes/ART-20048262?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio de apósito por amputación de un pie o una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones diabéticas y prevención de la amputación" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los pies en caso de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000081.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000081.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los pies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/diabetes-complications/la-diabetes-y-los-pies.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los problemas de los pies" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/pies-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/foot-problems">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen del pie diabético" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-del-pie-diabetico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetic-foot-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guía para el cuidado del pie diabético" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-foot-care-guidelines?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="http://www.foothealthfacts.org/footankleinfo/diabetic-guidelines.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de Charcot" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007748.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie de Charcot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/charcot-foot">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talones rajados" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cracked-heels">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Concéntrese en sus pies!" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/concentrese-en-sus-pies" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/focus-your-feet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un yeso de contacto completo?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-es-un-yeso-de-contacto-completo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras en los pies por diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000077.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una piedra o un cálculo renal es una pieza sólida de material que se forma en el riñón debido a sustancias presentes en la orina. Síntomas y tratamientos" title="Piedras en los riñones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html" id="1991" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cálculos renales</also-called>
<also-called>Litiasis renal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una piedra o un cálculo renal es una pieza sólida de material que se forma en el riñón debido a sustancias presentes en la orina. Puede ser tan pequeña como un grano de arena o tan grande como una perla. La mayoría de las piedras renales se eliminan del cuerpo sin ayuda médica. Pero algunas veces una piedra no es fácil de eliminar. Puede atorarse en las vías urinarias, bloquear el flujo de orina y causar un gran dolor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los siguientes signos pueden indicar la existencia de cálculos renales que necesitan atención médica:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor extremo en la espalda o un costado que no desaparece &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sangre en la orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre y escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Orina con mal olor o con apariencia turbia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sensación de ardor al orinar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los doctores diagnostican las piedras en los riñones a través de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;análisis&lt;/a&gt; de orina, de sangre y de diagnósticos por imagen.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si una piedra no pasa por sí sola, es posible que se necesite tratamiento. Este puede ser a través de ondas de choque (un endoscopio insertado a través del tubo que lleva la orina fuera del cuerpo, llamada uretra) o con cirugía.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html" id="1224" language="English">Kidney Stones</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cistinuria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cálculos renales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Litiasis</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de procedimientos urinarios percutáneos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000137.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras litotricia para tratar cálculos renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000136.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000136.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de cálculos renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-calculos-renales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/kidney-stone-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000346.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales en caso de cálculos renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000458.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000075.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000075.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos renales en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/paginas/kidney-stones-in-children-and-teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Kidney-Stones-in-Children-and-Teens.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cálculos renales: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000186.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000186.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el abdomen de corta duración" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003777.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glóbulos rojos en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del pH de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003583.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía renal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Renal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Renal">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guijarros en la cañería: Eliminar los cálculos renales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/guijarros-en-la-caneria" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/06/pebbles-your-plumbing">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Litotricia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007113.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orina con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piedras en los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/piedras-rinones" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-stones">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003782.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielograma intravenoso (PIV)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ivp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimientos renales percutáneos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cristales en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cristales-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/crystals-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de fosfato en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-fosfato-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phosphate-in-urine/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ácido úrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-urico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/uric-acid-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del ácido cítrico en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003618.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en la orina (hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007593.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/urography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/urography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Puedo ayudar a prevenir las piedras en los riñones cambiando lo que como o tomo?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/piedras-rinones/alimentos-dietas-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-stones/eating-diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido úrico en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003616.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido úrico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003476.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tattoos and piercings are popular forms of body art that can be associated with serious health risks. Read this before getting new ink or piercings." title="Piercing and Tattoos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/piercingandtattoos.html" id="1283" language="English" date-created="11/20/2000">
<also-called>Body art</also-called>
<also-called>Body piercing</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Piercings and tattoos are body decorations that go back to ancient times. Body piercing involves making a hole in the skin so that you can insert jewelry. This is often in the earlobe, but can be in other parts of the body. Tattoos are designs on the skin made with needles and colored ink. A permanent tattoo is meant to last forever. Permanent makeup is a type of tattoo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The health risks of piercings and tattoos include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Allergic reactions &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keloids, a type of scar that forms during healing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections, such as hepatitis &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To reduce the risks, make sure that the facility is clean, safe and has a good reputation. Proper sterilization of the equipment is important. Be sure to follow the instructions on caring for your skin. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Holes from piercing usually close up if you no longer wear the jewelry. It is possible to remove tattoos, but it's painful and can cause scarring.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/piercingandtattoos.html" id="2090" language="Spanish">Perforaciones y tatuajes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003357">Cosmetic Techniques</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/piercingandtattoos.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/piercingandtattoos.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/piercingandtattoos.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/piercingandtattoos.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/piercingandtattoos.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/piercingandtattoos.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>Body Art</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tattoos</see-reference>
<site title="Body Piercing" url="https://familydoctor.org/body-piercing/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/piercing-en-el-cuerpo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Piercing (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-piercing-safe.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-piercing-safe.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tattooing" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tattooing%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Piercings: How to Prevent Complications" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/piercings/art-20047317?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piercing" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cosmetic+Techniques%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tattoo Removal: Options and Results" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tattoo-removal-options-and-results" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/eliminacion-de-tatuajes-opciones-y-resultados">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tattoos and Permanent Make-Up" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/tattoos-and-permanent-make" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tatuajes-y-maquillaje-permanente-tattoos-and-permanent-makeup">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tattoos and Piercing (For Teens)" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/tattoo_pierce.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tattoos: Understand Risks and Precautions" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/tattoos-and-piercings/art-20045067?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/tattoos-and-piercings/art-20045067?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temporary Tattoos, Henna/Mehndi, and &quot;Black Henna&quot;" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/temporary-tattoos-hennamehndi-and-black-henna-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Think Before You Ink: Tattoo Safety" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/think-you-ink-tattoo-safety" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/piense-antes-de-tatuarse-la-seguridad-de-los-tatuajes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pink Eye (conjunctivitis) is inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside of the eyelid. Read about the symptoms, causes, and treatment." title="Pink Eye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html" id="4946" language="English" date-created="03/24/2009">
<also-called>Conjunctivitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Conjunctivitis is the medical name for pink eye. It involves inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside of the eyelid. It can cause swelling, itching, burning, discharge, and redness. Causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacterial or viral infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Allergies &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Substances that cause irritation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contact lens products, eye drops, or eye ointments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pink eye usually does not affect vision. Infectious pink eye can easily spread from one person to another. The infection will clear in most cases without medical care, but bacterial pink eye needs treatment with antibiotic eye drops or ointment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html" id="4947" language="Spanish">Conjuntivitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003231">Conjunctivitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Conjunctivitis</see-reference>
<site title="Allergic conjunctivitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001031.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001031.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003038.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing Wisely When It Comes to Eye Care: Antibiotics for Pink Eye" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/choosing-wisely-antibiotics-pink-eye">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Conjunctivitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Conjunctivitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjunctivitis or pink eye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal conjunctivitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001606.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pink Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/pink-eye" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/conjuntivitis-aguda">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/conjunctivitis-pink-eye?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pink Eye in Newborns" url="https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/newborns/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/newborns-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/conjunctivitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/conjunctivitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/conjunctivitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/conjunctivitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pink Eye" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Conjunctivitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vernal conjunctivitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001390.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Eye Allergies?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/allergies" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/alergias">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pinworms are small parasites that spread easily. The eggs can live on household surfaces for up to 2 weeks. The infection is more common in children." title="Pinworms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html" id="3065" language="English" date-created="01/27/2003">
<also-called>Enterobiasis</also-called>
<also-called>Oxyuriasis</also-called>
<also-called>Seatworm infection</also-called>
<also-called>Threadworm infection</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pinworms are small &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasites&lt;/a&gt; that can live in the colon and rectum.   You get them when you swallow their eggs. The eggs hatch inside your intestines. While you sleep, the female pinworms leave the intestines through the anus and  lay eggs on nearby skin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pinworms spread easily. When people who are infected touch their anus, the eggs attach to their fingertips.  They can spread the eggs to others directly through their hands, or through contaminated clothing, bedding, food, or other articles. The eggs can live on household surfaces for up to 2 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The infection is more common in children. Many people have no symptoms at all. Some people feel itching around the anus or vagina. The itching may become intense, interfere with sleep, and make you irritable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider can diagnose pinworm infection by finding the eggs. A common way to collect the eggs is with a sticky piece of clear tape. Mild infections may not need treatment.  If you do need medicine, everyone in the household should take it. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To prevent becoming infected or reinfected with pinworms:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bathe after waking up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your pajamas and bed sheets often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash your hands regularly, especially after using the bathroom or changing diapers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Change your underwear every day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid nail biting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid scratching the anal area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinworms.html" id="3066" language="Spanish">Oxiuros</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017229">Enterobiasis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinworms.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Pinworm Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing Pinworms" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/diagnosing/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinworm Infection" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20376382?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pinworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20376382?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinworm Infections" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pinworm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pinworm.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinworm test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003452.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinworms" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pinworm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/pinworm.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinworms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001152.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Lice, Pinworms, and MRSA at the Pool" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-lice-pinworms-and-mrsa-at-the-pool.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-los-piojos-los-oxiuros-y-el-sarm-staphylococcus-aureus-resistente-a-la-meticilina.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Pinworm Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/prevention/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pinworms" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Enterobiasis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los piojos son parásitos sin alas. Viven en las cabezas de las personas. La infestación (pediculosis) requiere tratamiento." title="Piojos de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html" id="1932" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Liendres</also-called>
<also-called>Pediculosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los piojos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los piojos son pequeños insectos que viven en la cabeza de las personas. Los piojos adultos tienen el tamaño de las semillas de sésamo. Los huevos, llamados liendres, son incluso más pequeños, aproximadamente del tamaño de una escama de caspa. Los piojos y las liendres se encuentran en el cuero cabelludo o cerca de él, con mayor frecuencia en la nuca y detrás de las orejas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los piojos son parásitos y necesitan alimentarse de sangre humana para sobrevivir. Son uno de los tres tipos de piojos que viven en humanos. Los otros dos tipos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html"&gt;piojos del cuerpo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html"&gt;ladillas&lt;/a&gt;. Cada tipo de piojo es diferente, e infectarse de un tipo no significa que se contagiará con otro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se contagian los piojos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los piojos se mueven arrastrándose, porque no pueden saltar ni volar. Se contagian a través del contacto cercano de persona a persona. En raras ocasiones, se pueden contagiar al compartir objetos personales como sombreros o cepillos para el cabello. La higiene personal y la limpieza no se relacionan con tener piojos. Tampoco puede contraer piojos de los animales. Los piojos no transmiten enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener piojos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En la mayoría de los casos, los piojos afectan a niños entre tres y 11 años y sus familias. Esto se debe a que los niños pequeños a menudo, tienen sus cabezas juntas mientras juegan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los piojos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los piojos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sensación de cosquilleo en la cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Picazón frecuente, que es causada por una reacción alérgica a las picaduras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Llagas por rascarse. A veces las llagas pueden infectarse con bacterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para dormir, porque los piojos son más activos en la oscuridad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo saber si tiene piojos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el diagnóstico de piojos se obtiene al ver un piojo o liendre en la cabeza. Debido a que son muy pequeños y se mueven rápidamente, es posible que necesite usar una lupa y un peine de dientes finos para encontrar piojos o liendres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los piojos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para los piojos incluyen champús, cremas y lociones de venta libre o con receta médica. Si desea utilizar un tratamiento de venta libre y no está seguro de cuál usar o cómo usarlo, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico. También debe consultar con su proveedor de atención médica si está embarazada o amamantando, o si desea usar un tratamiento para un niño pequeño.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siga estos pasos cuando use un tratamiento para los piojos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aplique el producto según sus instrucciones. Aplíquelo solo al cuero cabelludo y al cabello de la cabeza. No debe usarlo en otro vello del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use solo un producto a la vez, a menos que su proveedor de atención médica le indique que use dos tipos diferentes a la vez&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preste atención a las instrucciones sobre cuánto tiempo debe dejar el medicamento en el cabello y cómo debe enjuagarlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Después del enjuague, use un peine de dientes finos o un peine especial para liendres para quitar los piojos y liendres muertos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Después de cada tratamiento, revise su cabeza para ver si quedaron piojos y liendres. Debe peinarse para eliminar las liendres y los piojos cada dos o tres días. Haga esto durante dos a tres semanas para asegurarse de que todos los piojos y las liendres hayan desaparecido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Todos las personas que viven en el hogar y otros miembros cercanos deben ser revisados y tratados si es necesario. Si un tratamiento de venta libre no le funciona, puede pedirle a su proveedor de atención médica un producto con receta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se pueden prevenir los piojos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la propagación de piojos. Si ya tiene piojos, además del tratamiento, debe:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lavar su ropa, ropa de cama y toallas con agua caliente y séquelas usando el ciclo más caliente de la secadora&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Remoje sus peines y cepillos en agua caliente durante cinco a 10 minutos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aspire el piso y los muebles, particularmente donde se sentó o se acostó&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si hay artículos que no puede lavar, séllelos en una bolsa de plástico durante dos semanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Para evitar que sus hijos propaguen piojos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enseñe a los niños a evitar el contacto cabeza con cabeza cuando jueguen o hagan otras actividades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enseñe a los niños a no compartir ropa y otros artículos que se pongan en la cabeza, como auriculares, amarres para el pelo y cascos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si su hijo tiene piojos, verifique las políticas en la escuela y/o guardería. Es posible que su hijo no pueda asistir hasta que los piojos hayan sido tratados por completo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;No hay evidencia científica clara de que los piojos puedan sofocarse con remedios caseros, como la mayonesa, el aceite de oliva o sustancias similares. Tampoco debe usar kerosene o gasolina, son peligrosos e inflamables.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html" id="272" language="English">Head Lice</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pediculosis</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir los piojos, los oxiuros y el SARM (staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina) en la piscina" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-los-piojos-los-oxiuros-y-el-sarm-staphylococcus-aureus-resistente-a-la-meticilina.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-lice-pinworms-and-mrsa-at-the-pool.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitos y realidades del tratamiento contra la pediculosis (piojos)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/head-lice-treatment-myths-realities.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediculosis (Piojos): Lo que los padres deben saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/paginas/signs-of-lice.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Signs-of-Lice.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lice/symptoms-causes/syc-20374399?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-lice.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos de cabeza" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/piojos-de-cabeza-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/head-lice/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000840.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos, la sarna y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/los-piojos-la-sarna/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/lice/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374404?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Piojos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/head-lice-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-lice-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los piojos de la cabeza" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/es/treatment/tratamiento-de-los-piojos-de-la-cabeza.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/gen_info/faqs_treat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento y la prevención de piojos de la cabeza" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tratamiento-y-prevencion-de-los-piojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-and-preventing-head-lice">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Ay! ¡Me picó un piojo!" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/louse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/louse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los piojos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/lice.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los piojos son insectos parasitarios que pueden vivir en la cabeza y/o el cuerpo de las personas. Se alimentan de sangre humana. Síntomas y tratamientos." title="Piojos del cuerpo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html" id="6072" language="Spanish" date-created="09/03/2014">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los piojos del cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los piojos del cuerpo son pequeños insectos que viven y ponen liendres (huevos de piojos) en la ropa. Son parásitos y necesitan alimentarse de sangre humana para sobrevivir. Por lo general, solo van a la piel para alimentarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los piojos del cuerpo son uno de los tres tipos de piojos que viven en humanos. Los otros dos tipos son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html"&gt;piojos de la cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html"&gt;ladilla&lt;/a&gt; (piojos púbicos). Cada tipo de piojo es diferente, e infectarse de un tipo no significa que se contagiará con otro.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los piojos del cuerpo pueden transmitir enfermedades como tifus, fiebre de las trincheras y fiebre recurrente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los piojos del cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síntoma más común de los piojos del cuerpo es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html"&gt;picazón&lt;/a&gt; intensa. También puede haber una erupción causada por una reacción alérgica a las picaduras. La picazón hace que algunas personas se rasquen hasta que se les forman llagas. A veces, estas lesiones pueden infectarse con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt; u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;hongos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si alguien tiene piojos del cuerpo por mucho tiempo, las áreas de su piel con más mordidas pueden hacerse más gruesa y cambiar de color. Esto es más común alrededor de su sección media (cintura, ingle y parte superior de los muslos).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se contagian los piojos del cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los piojos del cuerpo se mueven arrastrándose porque no pueden saltar ni volar. En general, se contagian a través del contacto físico con una persona con piojos del cuerpo. También pueden contagiarse a través del contacto con la ropa, cama, ropa de cama o toallas de una persona con piojos del cuerpo. Los animales no contagian estos piojos a los humanos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener piojos del cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los piojos del cuerpo son más comunes en personas que no pueden bañarse y lavar su ropa seguido, especialmente si vive en condiciones de hacinamiento (muchas personas viviendo en el mismo lugar). En los Estados Unidos se encuentran en la mayoría de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homelessnessandhealth.html"&gt;personas sin hogar&lt;/a&gt;. En otros países, también pueden afectar a los refugiados y a las víctimas de guerras o desastres naturales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo saber si tiene piojos del cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el diagnóstico de piojos del cuerpo se obtiene al encontrar liendres y piojos en las costuras de la ropa. En ocasiones, se puede ver piojos del cuerpo arrastrándose o alimentándose en la piel. A veces se necesita una lupa para observar los piojos o liendres.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los piojos del cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El principal tratamiento para los piojos del cuerpo es mejorar la higiene personal. Esto significa ducharse regularmente y lavar la ropa, ropa de cama y toallas al menos una vez a la semana. Use agua caliente para lavar la ropa y séquela usando el ciclo más caliente de la secadora. Algunas personas también pueden necesitar un medicamento para matar los piojos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html" id="6071" language="English">Body Lice</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Acerca de los piojos del cuerpo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/es/about/acerca-de-los-piojos-del-cuerpo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/about/body-lice.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos del cuerpo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/body-lice/symptoms-causes/syc-20350310?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-lice/symptoms-causes/syc-20350310?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos del cuerpo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000838.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000838.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos del cuerpo: Diagnostico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/body-lice/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350316?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piojos, la sarna y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/los-piojos-la-sarna/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your pituitary gland makes hormones. With a pituitary disorder, you have too much or too little of one of these hormones. Learn about these disorders." title="Pituitary Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html" id="362" language="English" date-created="12/29/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain. The pituitary is the &amp;quot;master control gland&amp;quot; - it makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With pituitary disorders, you often have too much or too little of one of your hormones.  Injuries can cause pituitary disorders, but the most common cause is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarytumors.html"&gt;pituitary tumor&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html" id="2091" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010900">Pituitary Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarytumors.html" id="5328">Pituitary Tumors</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acromegaly</see-reference>
<site title="Acromegaly" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/acromegaly">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ACTH blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACTH stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003696.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antidiuretic hormone blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003702.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Hormones" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/brain-hormones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Acromegaly" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Acromegaly%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pituitary Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pituitary+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Combined pituitary hormone deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/combined-pituitary-hormone-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisol blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Empty Sella Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/empty-sella-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Empty sella syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000349.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003710.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/follicle-stimulating-hormone-fsh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-foliculoestimulante-fsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Free T4 test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactorrhea" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/galactorrhea/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/galactorrea-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gigantism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001174.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001174.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone stimulation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003377.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone suppression test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003376.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth hormone test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003706.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Hormone Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperprolactinemia" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hyperprolactinemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/hiperprolactinemia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypopituitarism" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypopituitarism">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypopituitarism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000343.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000343.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary apoplexy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001167.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary gland" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pituitary+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Septo-Optic Dysplasia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/septo-optic-dysplasia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sheehan syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001175.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TBG blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Endocrine System (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pituitary tumors are common. The most common type of pituitary tumor produces hormones and disrupts the balance of hormones in your body." title="Pituitary Tumors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarytumors.html" id="5328" language="English" date-created="12/22/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain. The pituitary is the "master control gland" - it makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pituitary tumors are common, but often they don't cause health problems. Most people with pituitary tumors never even know they have them. The most common type of pituitary tumor produces hormones and disrupts the balance of hormones in your body. This can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;endocrine diseases&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html"&gt;Cushing's syndrome&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;hyperthyroidism&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of pituitary tumors include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headaches &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems caused by the production of too many hormones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pituitary tumors are usually curable. Treatment is often surgery to remove the tumor. Other options include medicines, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html" id="5329" language="Spanish">Tumores de la glándula pituitaria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010911">Pituitary Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html" id="362">Pituitary Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Prolactinoma</see-reference>
<site title="About Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pituitarytumors/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pituitarytumors/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ACTH blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pituitary Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pituitary+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prolactinoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prolactinoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craniopharyngioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000345.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial isolated pituitary adenoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-isolated-pituitary-adenoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Childhood Craniopharyngioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_3">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hipofisis/paciente/tratamiento-hipofisis-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth Hormone Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pituitary-tumors/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Pituitary Tumor Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pituitary-tumors/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary apoplexy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001167.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary gland" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000704.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pituitary-tumors" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/tumores-de-la-glandula-pituitaria">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/pituitary-tumors" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/tumores-pituitarios">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hipofisis/paciente/tratamiento-hipofisis-pdq#section/_98">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolactin Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prolactin-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-prolactina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactinoma" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/prolactinoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/prolactinoma">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000336.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pituitary Tumors" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pituitary+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pituitary-tumors/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Childhood Craniopharyngioma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_25" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_34">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq#_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hipofisis/paciente/tratamiento-hipofisis-pdq#_31">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Pituitary Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pituitary-tumors/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Craniopharyngioma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_49" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_39">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Pituitary Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq#_53" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hipofisis/paciente/tratamiento-hipofisis-pdq#_55">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Pituitary Tumors?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pituitary-tumors/about/what-is-pituitary-tumor.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Pituitary Tumors?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pituitarytumors/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pituitarytumors/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Plague is an infection caused by bacteria found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. There are three forms of plague." title="Plague" url="https://medlineplus.gov/plague.html" id="1656" language="English" date-created="05/28/2002">
<also-called>Bubonic plague</also-called>
<also-called>Pneumonic plague</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Plague is an infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria are found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. People and other animals can get plague from rat or flea bites. In the past, plague destroyed entire civilizations. Today plague is uncommon, due to better living conditions and antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three forms of plague:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bubonic plague causes the tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus to become inflamed.  Symptoms include fever, aches, chills, and tender lymph glands.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In septicemic plague, bacteria multiply in the blood. It causes fever, chills, shock, and bleeding under the skin or other organs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pneumonic plague is the most serious form. Bacteria enter the lungs and cause pneumonia. People with the infection can spread this form to others. This type could be a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterror&lt;/a&gt; agent.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lab tests can diagnose plague. Treatment is a strong antibiotic. There is no vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html" id="2258" language="Spanish">Peste</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010930">Plague</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550">Biodefense and Bioterrorism</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bubonic Plague</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pneumonic Plague</see-reference>
<site title="About Plague" url="https://www.cdc.gov/plague/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bubonic Plague" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/atlas/bubonic-plague?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing Plague" url="https://www.cdc.gov/plague/diagnosis-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Plague" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/faq.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Plague Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/plague/causes/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plague" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000596.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plague" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/plague">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plague Factsheet" url="https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1103/upload/Plague-PublicInfoDoc-2.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of the Interior</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plague: Maps and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/plague/maps-statistics/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonic Plague" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/factsheet.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Plague" url="https://www.cdc.gov/plague/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/plague/resources/235098_Plaguefactsheet_Spanish_508.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plague" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Plague%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Plague" url="https://www.cdc.gov/plague/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La dieta DASH ayuda a bajar la presión arterial y mejora los niveles de colesterol. Esto reduce el riesgo de  enfermedades del corazón. Infórmese." title="Plan de alimentación DASH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html" id="6279" language="Spanish" date-created="10/07/2015">
<also-called>Dieta DASH</also-called>
<also-called>Dieta DASH para bajar la presión arterial</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;DASH en inglés significa enfoques alimenticios para detener la presión alta. Es un plan de alimentación basado en estudios de investigación patrocinados por el Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre (NHLBI). Estos estudios demostraron que el plan de alimentación DASH baja la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y mejora los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;. Esto reduce el riesgo de desarrollar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El plan de alimentación DASH:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se enfoca en verduras, frutas y granos enteros&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Incluye productos lácteos bajos en grasa o sin grasa, pescado, pollo, frijoles, semillas, nueces y aceites vegetales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limita los alimentos con alto contenido en grasas saturadas. Estos alimentos incluyen carnes grasas, productos lácteos enteros y aceites tropicales como coco, palmiste y palma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limita las bebidas azucaradas y los dulces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El plan de alimentación DASH y otros cambios de estilo de vida pueden ayudar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;bajar la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;. Estos incluyen mantener un peso saludable, hacer ejercicio y no fumar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html" id="6278" language="English">DASH Eating Plan</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>DASH</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dieta DASH</see-reference>
<site title="Consejos para reducir la sal y el sodio" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/consejos-para-reducir-la-sal-y-el-sodio-tips-reduce-salt-and-sodium">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta DASH para la hipertensión arterial (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dash-diet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dash-diet.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta DASH para reducir la hipertensión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta DASH: Alimentación saludable para disminuir la presión arterial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/dash-diet/art-20048456?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/dash-diet/art-20048456?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta DASH: Comida saludable para controlar la presión arterial" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/la-dieta-dash-alimentacion-saludable-para-controlar-su-presion-arterial/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Empezando con DASH" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/empezando-con-dash-getting-started-dash" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/GettingStarted.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial y dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007483.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Por qué funciona el plan de alimentación DASH" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/por-que-funciona-el-plan-de-alimentacion-dash-why-dash-eating-plan-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/WhyDASHWorks_UpdateNov20.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la dieta DASH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000784.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recetas saludables: Bajo en grasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/recetas/bajo-en-grasa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-fat/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Alimentos con cereales integrales reducen la presión arterial?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/faq-20058417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/FAQ-20058417?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué sabe sobre las dietas con contenido bajo de sodio?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007483_89.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007483_28.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los planes de administración de seguros de salud son un tipo de seguro de salud. Los planes que ofrecen menos opciones en general cuestan menos." title="Planes de administración de seguros de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/managedcare.html" id="2022" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los planes de administración de seguros de salud son un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html"&gt;seguro de salud&lt;/a&gt;. Éstos contratan profesionales y establecimientos médicos para suministrar atención a sus miembros con costos reducidos. Estos proveedores forman la red del plan. Lo que su plan deberá pagar por la atención de salud depende de las reglas de la red.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los planes que ofrecen menos opciones en general cuestan menos. Si busca un plan más flexible, probablemente cueste más. Existen tres tipos de planes de administración de seguros de salud:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Organizaciones de mantenimiento de la salud (HMO, por sus siglas en inglés): En general pagan por la atención dentro de la red. Usted elige un médico de cabecera que coordina la mayoría de sus cuidados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organizaciones de proveedores preferentes (PPO, por sus siglas en inglés): Suelen pagar más si usted se atiende dentro de la red, pero pagan una parte si lo hace fuera de ella&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Planes de punto de servicio (POS, por sus siglas en inglés): Permiten elegir entre una HMO o una PPO cada vez que necesite atención médica &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/managedcare.html" id="1114" language="English">Managed Care</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>HMO</see-reference>
<see-reference>Organizaciones para el mantenimiento de la salud (HMO)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seguros</see-reference>
<site title="Búsqueda de un seguro de salud asequible" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-care.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicare" url="https://es.medicare.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones de proveedores preferidos (PPO)" url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/PPO" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/PPO">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones para el mantenimiento de la salud (HMO)" url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/HMO" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/HMO">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planes de atención médica administrada (seguros médicos)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/paginas/types-of-managed-care-plans.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/Pages/Types-of-Managed-Care-Plans.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planes de atención médica administrada: Obtenga una buena atención para su hijo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/paginas/managed-care-plans-getting-good-care-for-your-child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/health-insurance/Pages/Managed-Care-Plans-Getting-Good-Care-for-Your-Child.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planes Medicare Advantage: Opciones de cobertura" url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-health-plan-options" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-health-plan-options">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planes por necesidades especiales" url="https://es.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/SNP" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/health-drug-plans/health-plans/your-coverage-options/SNP">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de planes médicos y redes: HMOs, PPOs y más" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/choose-a-plan/plan-types/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cosmetic surgery is performed to reshape the appearance of body parts. Cosmetic surgery can create physical changes and changes in self-esteem." title="Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="38" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<also-called>Cosmetic surgery</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Surgeons can reshape the appearance of body parts through cosmetic surgery.  Some of the most common body parts people want to improve through surgery include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Breasts: Increase or reduce the size of breasts or reshape sagging breasts &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Ears: Reduce the size of large ears or set protruding ears back closer to the head&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Eyes: Correct drooping upper eyelids or remove puffy bags below the eyes&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Face: Remove facial wrinkles, creases or acne scars&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Hair: Fill in balding areas with one's own hair&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Nose: Change the shape of the nose &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt; 	Tummy:  Flatten the abdomen&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="2092" language="Spanish">Cirugía plástica y cosmética</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019651">Plastic Surgery Procedures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html" id="3015">Botox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastreconstruction.html" id="1239">Breast Reconstruction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html" id="3195">Scars</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html" id="3775">Skin Aging</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html" id="540">Varicose Veins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Body Contouring</see-reference>
<see-reference>Breast Implants</see-reference>
<see-reference>Breast Reduction</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cosmetic Surgery</see-reference>
<see-reference>Surgery, Plastic</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal wall surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002978.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002978.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominoplasty - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100184_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100184_1.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery" url="https://www.aafprs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society for Dermatologic Surgery" url="https://www.asds.net/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blepharoplasty (Eyelid Surgery)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/blepharoplasty/about/pac-20385174?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blepharoplasty - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100183_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100183_1.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Contouring After Major Weight Loss" url="https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/body-contouring">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Plastic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Dysmorphic Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast augmentation - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100205_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100205_1.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast augmentation surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002984.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Implants" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/implants-and-prosthetics/breast-implants">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast lift" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007402.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast lift" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Breast lift (mastopexy) - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100188_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100188_1.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast reduction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007405.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast reduction (mammoplasty) - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100189_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100189_1.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast Reduction Surgery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/breast-reduction-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/breast-reduction-surgery.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buttock Lift" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/buttock-lift/about/pac-20393277?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/buttock-lift/about/pac-20393277?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Platelets help wounds heal and prevent bleeding by forming blood clots. Learn about problems from having too few, too many, or abnormal platelets." title="Platelet Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html" id="5218" language="English" date-created="06/22/2009">
<also-called>Thrombocyte disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are blood cells. They form in your bone marrow, a sponge-like tissue in your bones. Platelets play a major role in blood clotting. Normally, when one of your blood vessels is injured, you start to bleed. Your platelets will clot (clump together) to plug the hole in the blood vessel and stop the bleeding. You can have different problems with your platelets:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If your blood has a &lt;strong&gt;low number of platelets&lt;/strong&gt;, it is called thrombocytopenia. This can put you at risk for mild to serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt;. The bleeding could be external or internal. There can be various causes. If the problem is mild, you may not need treatment. For more serious cases, you may need medicines or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood or platelet transfusions&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If your blood has &lt;strong&gt;too many platelets&lt;/strong&gt;, you may have a higher risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;When the cause is unknown, this is called thrombocythemia. It is rare. You may not need treatment if there are no signs or symptoms. In other cases, people who have it may need treatment with medicines or procedures.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;If another disease or condition is causing the high platelet count, it is thrombocytosis. The treatment and outlook for thrombocytosis depends on what is causing it.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Another possible problem is that your &lt;strong&gt;platelets do not work as they should&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, in von Willebrand Disease, your platelets cannot stick together or cannot attach to blood vessel walls. This can cause excessive bleeding. There are different types of in von Willebrand Disease; treatment depends on which type you have.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html" id="5219" language="Spanish">Problemas plaquetarios</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001791">Blood Platelet Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html" id="166">Bleeding Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076">Blood Clots</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html" id="6351">Blood Count Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html" id="3646">Blood Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" id="4861">Blood Thinners</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Platelet Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thrombocytopenia</see-reference>
<see-reference>von Willebrand's Disease</see-reference>
<site title="Acquired platelet function defect" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000546.htm">
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<site title="Blood Tests" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: von Willebrand Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22von+Willebrand+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
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<site title="Congenital platelet function defects" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000582.htm">
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<site title="Dyserythropoietic anemia and thrombocytopenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dyserythropoietic-anemia-and-thrombocytopenia">
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<site title="Essential thrombocythemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000543.htm">
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<site title="Find a Hematologist" url="https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/find-a-hematologist">
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<organization>American Society of Hematology</organization>
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<site title="Glanzmann thrombasthenia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001305.htm">
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<site title="Glanzmann thrombasthenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glanzmann-thrombasthenia">
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<site title="Gray platelet syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gray-platelet-syndrome">
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hermansky-pudlak-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000535.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Immune Thrombocytopenia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune-thrombocytopenia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immune-thrombocytopenia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352325?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/immune-thrombocytopenia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trombocitopenia-inmunitaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Immune thrombocytopenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/immune-thrombocytopenia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inherited Platelet Disorders" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/inherited-platelet-disorders/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Federation of Hemophilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jacobsen syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/jacobsen-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="MPV Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mpv-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-vpm/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MYH9-related disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myh9-related-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003653.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Petechiae" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/petechiae/basics/definition/SYM-20050724?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/petechiae/basics/definition/sym-20050724?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Platelet aggregation test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003669.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003669.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Platelet antibodies blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003552.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Platelet count" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003647.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Platelet Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/platelet-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-plaquetas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Platelet Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Blood+Platelet+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Purpura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003232.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Splenectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombocythemia-thrombocytosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trombocitopenia-trombocitosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thrombocytopenia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombocytopenia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thrombocytopenia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000586.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrombocytosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thrombocytosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378315?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thrombocytosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378315?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000552.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/purpura-trombotica-trombocitopenica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Von Willebrand disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000544.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="von Willebrand Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vwd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vwd.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Von Willebrand disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/von-willebrand-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Bleeding Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bleeding-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-hemorragicos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Platelet Disorders?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/platelet-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-plaquetarios">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked thrombocytopenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-thrombocytopenia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pleura is the tissue that wraps around the outside of your lungs. Pleural disorders include pleurisy, pleural effusion and pneumothorax. Learn more." title="Pleural Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4627" language="English" date-created="06/26/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your pleura is a large, thin sheet of tissue that wraps around the outside of your lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity. Between the layers of the pleura is a very thin space. Normally it's filled with a small amount of fluid. The fluid helps the two layers of the pleura glide smoothly past each other as your lungs breathe air in and out.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disorders of the pleura include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pleurisy - inflammation of the pleura that causes sharp pain with breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pleural effusion - excess fluid in the pleural space&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pneumothorax - buildup of air or gas in the pleural space&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemothorax - buildup of blood in the pleural space&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many different conditions can cause pleural problems. Viral infection is the most common cause of pleurisy. The most common cause of pleural effusion is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;congestive heart failure&lt;/a&gt;. Lung diseases, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt;, tuberculosis, and acute lung injury, cause pneumothorax. Injury to the chest is the most common cause of hemothorax. Treatment focuses on removing fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space, relieving symptoms, and treating the underlying condition.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4628" language="Spanish">Trastornos pleurales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010995">Pleural Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077">Breathing Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html" id="6143">Collapsed Lung</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pleural Effusion</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pleurisy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pneumothorax</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thoracentesis</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopulmonary Syndrome Overview" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest tube insertion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chylothorax" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chylothorax.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pleural Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pleural+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pleural Effusion" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pleural+Effusion%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pleurisy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pleurisy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pneumothorax" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pneumothorax%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thoracentesis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thoracentesis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000087.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Collapsed Lung: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collapsedlung.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cytology exam of pleural fluid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003866.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Empyema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000123.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemothorax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000126.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malignant Pleural Effusion" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_210" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq#_210">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metastatic pleural tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000117.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Open pleural biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003863.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural effusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000086.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural Fluid Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pleural-fluid-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-pleural/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pleural fluid analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003624.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural fluid culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003725.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural fluid Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003722.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural fluid smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003721.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003721.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural needle biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003862.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleurisy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001371.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleurisy (Pleuritis)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pleurisy-pleuritis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/pleuresia-pleuritis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumothorax" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumothorax - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007312.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumothorax - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100150_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100150_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-spontaneous-pneumothorax">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pleural Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pleural+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thoracentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003420.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Pleural Disorders?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pleural-disorders">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pneumococcal infections can be mild or severe. The most common types of infections are Meningitis, Sepsis, Pneumonia, and ear and sinus infections " title="Pneumococcal Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5714" language="English" date-created="11/23/2010">
<also-called>Streptococcus pneumoniae infections</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pneumococci are a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;streptococcus&lt;/a&gt; bacteria. The bacteria spread through contact with people who are ill or by healthy people who carry the bacteria in the back of their nose. Pneumococcal infections can be mild or severe. The most common types of infections are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;Ear infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html"&gt;Sinus infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;Pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html"&gt;Sepsis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;Meningitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;How the diagnosis is made depends upon where the infection is. Your doctor will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history.  Possible tests may include blood, imaging, or lab tests. Treatment is with antibiotics. Vaccines can prevent pneumococcal infections. There are two vaccines. One is for infants and young children.  The other is for people at high risk, including those who are over 65 years old, have chronic illnesses or weak immune systems, smoke, have asthma, or live in long-term care facilities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5715" language="Spanish">Infecciones por neumococo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011008">Pneumococcal Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gjuha Shqipe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Albanian">Albanian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumococcalinfections.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html" id="324">Meningitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html" id="363">Pneumonia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html" id="3210">Sepsis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html" id="404">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html" id="421">Streptococcal Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections</see-reference>
<site title="About Pneumococcal Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ask the Experts: Pneumococcal" url="https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/pneumococcal/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pneumococcal Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pneumococcal+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/pcv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_pcv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Disease Causes and How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/causes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/risk-transmission-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance and Trends" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/php/surveillance/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/facts-sp.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Disease Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/symptoms-complications-sp.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Disease Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pneumococcal-disease-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-enfermedades-neumococicas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Pneumococcal-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/pneumococcal-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000607.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ppv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_ppsv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Vaccines (PCV, PPSV)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pneumococcal-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pneumococcal-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcus: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4213.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pneumococcal+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sputum Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003765.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pheumocystis Infections are caused by a fungus in the lungs. The most common is pneumocystis pneumonia. Read about the first signs of this infection." title="Pneumocystis Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="1510" language="English" date-created="08/01/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; is a fungus that is common throughout the world. Many people have been exposed to it as children. Some people have the fungus in their lungs. If you are healthy, it usually will not make you sick. But it can make you sick if you have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakened immune system&lt;/a&gt;, for example if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a chronic (long-lasting) &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;bone marrow transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take medicines which weaken your immune system, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; spread? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; can spread from person to person through the air. You can spread it to others even if it isn't making you sick.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common type of infection that &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; causes is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;Pneumonia&lt;/a&gt; is an infection in one or both of the lungs. It causes the air sacs of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of PCP can develop over several days or weeks. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contact your healthcare provider if you have symptoms that you think are related to PCP. Since PCP can be life-threatening, it's important to get early treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have PCP, your provider will take a sample of fluid or tissue from your lungs. You may cough up the sample (called sputum), have fluid collected during a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/"&gt;bronchoalveolar lavage&lt;/a&gt;, or have tissue taken with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;. They will send the sample to the lab to check for &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for PCP is with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;, either by mouth or intravenously (by IV). You need to take them for about 3 weeks. If you have a severe case of PCP, you might need treatment in the hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) be prevented? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no vaccine to prevent PCP. Some people who are at high risk of getting PCP may need to take antibiotics to prevent it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="2093" language="Spanish">Infecciones por Pneumocystis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016720">Pneumocystis Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html" id="1503">HIV and Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html" id="363">Pneumonia</related-topic>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pneumocystis Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pneumocystis+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HIVinfo" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/home-page">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000671.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumocystis Pneumonia Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumocystis-pneumonia/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia in People with a Weakened Immune System" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pneumonia/pneumonia-in-people-with-a-weakened-immune-system" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/neumon%C3%ADa/neumon%C3%ADa-en-personas-con-un-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado?autoredirectid=24056">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumocystis Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pneumocystis+Infections%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. Symptoms of pneumonia vary to mild to severe. Read about the signs of pneumonia." title="Pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html" id="363" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<also-called>Bronchopneumonia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is pneumonia?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. It causes the air sacs of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus. It can range from mild to severe, depending on the type of germ causing the infection, your age, and your overall health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes pneumonia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacterial&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viral&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html"&gt;fungal&lt;/a&gt; infections can cause pneumonia.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Bacteria are the most common cause. Bacterial pneumonia can occur on its own. It can also develop after you've had certain viral infections such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;cold&lt;/a&gt; or the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;. Several different types of bacteria can cause pneumonia, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html"&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Legionella pneumophila; this pneumonia is often called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/legionnairesdisease.html"&gt;Legionnaires' disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chlamydia pneumoniae&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html"&gt;Haemophilus influenzae&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Viruses that infect the respiratory tract may cause pneumonia. Viral pneumonia is often mild and goes away on its own within a few weeks. But sometimes it is serious enough that you need to get treatment in a hospital. If you have viral pneumonia, you are at risk of also getting bacterial pneumonia. The different viruses that can cause pneumonia include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html"&gt;Respiratory syncytial virus&lt;/a&gt; (RSV)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some common cold and flu viruses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fungal pneumonia is more common in people who have chronic health problems or weakened immune systems. Some of the types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html"&gt;Pneumocystis pneumonia&lt;/a&gt; (PCP)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Coccidioidomycosis, which causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/valleyfever.html"&gt;valley fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html"&gt;Histoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cryptococcus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for pneumonia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get pneumonia, but certain factors can increase your risk:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Age; the risk is higher for children who are age 2 and under and adults age 65 and older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to certain chemicals, pollutants, or toxic fumes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lifestyle habits, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;heavy alcohol use&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html"&gt;malnourishment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being in a hospital, especially if you are in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/criticalcare.html"&gt;ICU&lt;/a&gt;. Being sedated and/or on a ventilator raises the risk even more.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a weakened immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have trouble &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing&lt;/a&gt;, from a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; or other condition&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recently being sick with a cold or the flu&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of pneumonia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to severe and include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cough, usually with phlegm (a slimy substance from deep in your lungs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt; when you breathe or cough&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and/or vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms can vary for different groups. Newborns and infants may not show any signs of the infection. Others may vomit and have a fever and cough. They might seem sick, with no energy, or be restless.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Older adults and people who have serious illnesses or weak immune systems may have fewer and milder symptoms. They may even have a lower than normal temperature. Older adults who have pneumonia sometimes have sudden changes in mental awareness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can pneumonia cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes pneumonia can cause serious complications such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacteremia, which happens when the bacteria move into the bloodstream. It is serious and can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html"&gt;septic shock&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lung &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;abscesses&lt;/a&gt;, which are collections of pus in cavities of the lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html"&gt;Pleural disorders&lt;/a&gt;, which are conditions that affect the pleura. The pleura is the tissue that covers the outside of the lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;Kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;Respiratory failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is pneumonia diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes pneumonia can be hard to diagnose. This is because it can cause some of the same symptoms as a cold or the flu. It may take time for you to realize that you have a more serious condition.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, including listening to your lungs with a stethoscope&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Various tests, such as
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Blood tests such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/"&gt;complete blood count&lt;/a&gt; (CBC) to see if your immune system is actively fighting an infection&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/"&gt;Blood culture&lt;/a&gt; to find out whether you have a bacterial infection that has spread to your bloodstream&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are in the hospital, have serious symptoms, are older, or have other health problems, you may also have more tests, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sputum test, which checks for bacteria in a sample of your sputum (spit) or phlegm (slimy substance from deep in your lungs).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; to see how much of your lungs is affected. It may also show if you have complications such as lung abscesses or pleural effusions.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pleural-fluid-analysis/"&gt;Pleural fluid culture&lt;/a&gt;, which checks for bacteria in a fluid sample that was taken from the pleural space&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pulse oximetry or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/"&gt;blood oxygen level test,&lt;/a&gt; to check how much oxygen is in your blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronchoscopy, a procedure used to look inside your lungs' airways&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for pneumonia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia, which germ is causing it, and how severe it is:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; treat bacterial pneumonia and some types of fungal pneumonia. They do not work for viral pneumonia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In some cases, your provider may prescribe antiviral medicines for viral pneumonia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antifungal medicines treat other types of fungal pneumonia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need to be treated in a hospital if your symptoms are severe or if you are at risk for complications. While there, you may get additional treatments. For example, if your blood oxygen level is low, you may receive &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It may take time to recover from pneumonia. Some people feel better within a week. For other people, it can take a month or more.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can pneumonia be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vaccines can help prevent pneumonia caused by pneumococcal bacteria or the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;flu virus&lt;/a&gt;. Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good hygiene&lt;/a&gt;, not smoking, and having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html"&gt;healthy lifestyle&lt;/a&gt; may also help prevent pneumonia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html" id="2094" language="Spanish">Neumonía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011014">Pneumonia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gjuha Shqipe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Albanian">Albanian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
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<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pneumonia.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5968">Haemophilus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/legionnairesdisease.html" id="1526">Legionnaires' Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5714">Pneumococcal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="1510">Pneumocystis Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronchopneumonia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Walking Pneumonia</see-reference>
<site title="About Adenovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mycoplasma/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achoo! Cold, Flu, or Something Else?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/achoo-cold-flu-or-something-else" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/achis-frio-gripe-o-algo-mas">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiration pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000121.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000121.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atypical pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000079.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000079.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest X-Ray (Radiography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Chlamydia-pneumoniae-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/chlamydia-pneumoniae-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pneumonia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pneumonia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CMV pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000664.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Community-acquired pneumonia in adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000145.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cough Culprits: What's the Difference Between Bronchitis and Pneumonia?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/05/cough-culprits" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-culpables-de-la-tos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Current Vaccine Shortages and Delays" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vaccines-us/shortages-delays.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Pneumonia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting an Accurate Read on Pulse Oximeters" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hospital-acquired pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000146.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Pneumonia" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/learn-about-pneumonia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung needle biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003860.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mycoplasma pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000082.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000082.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parapneumonic pleural effusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000139.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Petroleum Jelly: Safe for a Dry Nose?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/petroleum-jelly/expert-answers/FAQ-20057784?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/petroleum-jelly/expert-answers/faq-20057784?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleural fluid culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003725.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumococcal Infections: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumocystis Infections: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/pneumonia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/pneumonia.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pneumonia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pneumonia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pneumonia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia - weakened immune system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000093.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia in adults - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000017.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia in children - community acquired" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007690.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia in children - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000011.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia in People with a Weakened Immune System" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pneumonia/pneumonia-in-people-with-a-weakened-immune-system" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/neumon%C3%ADa/neumon%C3%ADa-en-personas-con-un-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado?autoredirectid=24056">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia Prevention and Control" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/es/prevention/prevencion-y-control-de-la-neumonia.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia Symptoms and Diagnosis" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/symptoms-and-diagnosis">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pneumonia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pneumonia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sputum culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003723.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sputum Culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sputum direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003553.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sputum Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003765.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ventilator-associated-pneumonia/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000073.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Walking Pneumonia: What Does It Mean?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/expert-answers/walking-pneumonia/FAQ-20058530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/expert-answers/walking-pneumonia/faq-20058530?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Pneumonia?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pneumonia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/neumonia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Spending time outdoors could result in contact with poison ivy, oak or sumac plants. Most people are sensitive, they can cause a blistering skin rash." title="Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac" url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html" id="3878" language="English" date-created="07/19/2004">
<also-called>Ivy poison</also-called>
<also-called>Rhus dermatitis</also-called>
<also-called>Toxicodendron dermatitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you spend time outdoors, chances are you have been bothered by poison ivy, poison oak or poison sumac at some point. Most people are sensitive to the plants' oily sap. The sap is in the root, stems, leaves and fruit of these plants. If it gets on your skin, it causes a blistering skin &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rash&lt;/a&gt;. The rash can range from mild to severe, depending on how much sap gets on your skin and how sensitive you are to it. Problems can also happen if the plants are burned. Airborne sap-coated soot can get into the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The best way to avoid the rash is to learn what the plants look like and stay away from them. If you come into contact with the plants, wash your skin and clothing right away.  If you develop a rash, ask your pharmacist about over-the-counter medicines. For severe rashes, see your doctor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;National Park Service&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html" id="3879" language="Spanish">Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011040">Dermatitis, Toxicodendron</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html" id="208">Rashes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Poison Oak</see-reference>
<see-reference>Poison Sumac</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Poison Ivy/Oak/Sumac" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/poison-ivy-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/poison-ivy-sheet.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Outsmarting Poison Ivy and Other Poisonous Plants" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/outsmarting-poison-ivy-and-other-poisonous-plants" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/ganeles-la-partida-la-hiedra-venenosa-y-otras-plantas-toxicas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/poison-ivy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hiedra-venenosa-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/poison-ivy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/poison-ivy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison ivy - oak - sumac" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison ivy - oak - sumac rash" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000027.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy Dermatitis" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/PoisonIvyDermatiti?">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy Rash" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376485?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/symptoms-causes/syc-20376485?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy Treatment" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Poison-Ivy-Treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/poison-ivy-treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/poison-ivy-oak-sumac-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac: What Should I Do if I Touch a Plant?" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/itchy-skin/poison-ivy/touch-plant?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisonous Plants and Work" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/outdoor-workers/about/poisonous-plants.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Yourself from Poisonous Plants" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-118/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-118_sp/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dermatitis%2C+Toxicodendron%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rash Evaluation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rash-evaluation/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-sarpullido/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Rashes and Other Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A poison is any substance that is harmful to your body. The effects of poisoning range from short-term illness to brain damage, coma, and death." title="Poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html" id="364" language="English" date-created="01/10/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A poison is any substance that is harmful to your body. You might swallow it, inhale it, inject it, or absorb it through your skin. Any substance can be poisonous if too much is taken. Poisons can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prescription or over-the-counter medicines taken in doses that are too high&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Overdoses of illegal drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;Carbon monoxide&lt;/a&gt; from gas appliances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html"&gt;Household products&lt;/a&gt;, such as laundry powder or furniture polish &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;Pesticides&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Indoor or outdoor plants &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Metals such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;lead&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html"&gt;mercury&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The effects of poisoning range from short-term illness to brain damage, coma, and death. To prevent poisoning it is important to use and store products exactly as their labels say. Keep dangerous products where children can't get to them. Treatment for poisoning depends on the type of poison. If you suspect someone has been poisoned, call your local poison control center at &lt;strong&gt;1-800-222-1222&lt;/strong&gt; right away.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html" id="2095" language="Spanish">Envenenamiento</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011041">Poisoning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arsenic.html" id="1569">Arsenic</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html" id="1330">Asbestos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html" id="177">Carbon Monoxide Poisoning</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html" id="1463">Household Products</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html" id="608">Lead Poisoning</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html" id="1436">Mercury</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html" id="498">Pesticides</related-topic>
<site title="Alcohol Poisoning" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ammonia poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002759.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black nightshade poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002887.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002887.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blue nightshade poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002888.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bug spray poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002763.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002763.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caladium plant poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002863.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calla lily" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002864.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Castor oil overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002768.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Emergency Preparedness" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/chemical-emergency.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Poisoning" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Poisoning%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Copper poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002496.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cyanide: Exposure, Decontamination, Treatment" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/cyanide/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/cyanide/basics/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detergent poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002777.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieffenbachia poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002866.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dirt - swallowing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002840.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drain cleaner poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002779.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drain opener poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002780.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elephant ear poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002867.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ethanol poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002644.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ethylene glycol blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003564.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ethylene glycol poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000774.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000774.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Benzene" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Poison Center" url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/poison-centers/find-poison-center" language-mapped-url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/es/centros-de-informacion-toxicologica/encontrar-centro">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foxglove poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002878.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gasoline poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002806.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric suction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003882.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin derivatives" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003371.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Household Safety: Preventing Poisoning (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-poisoning.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-poisoning.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocarbon pneumonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001083.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001083.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="In Case of Pesticide Emergency" url="https://www.epa.gov/rodenticides/case-pesticide-emergency">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iodine poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002658.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jack-in-the-pulpit poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002870.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jerusalem cherry poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002871.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jimsonweed poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002881.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kerosene poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002807.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lighter fluid poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002833.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002833.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lily of the valley poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002882.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malathion poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002834.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002834.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Methanol test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003563.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mistletoe poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002883.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002883.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Poison Data System (NPDS) Annual Reports" url="https://www.poisoncenters.org/annual-reports">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>America's Poison Centers</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nicotine poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002510.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oleander poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002884.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oven cleaner poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002800.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002800.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Poisoning" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/overview-of-poisoning" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/intoxicaciones-o-envenenamientos/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-intoxicaciones-o-envenenamientos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paradichlorobenzene poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002902.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paraquat poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001085.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Philodendron poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002872.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poinsettia plant exposure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002885.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison Prevention" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/Pages/Poison-Prevention.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/paginas/poison-prevention.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poison-Proof Your Home One Room at a Time: Pesticide Poison Prevention Checklist" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-checklist.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-10/documents/roombyroom-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/poisoning/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/envenenamiento-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000718.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007579.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/ART-20056657?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-poisoning/basics/art-20056657?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning: What You Can Do" url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/what-you-can-do">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisonings Among Children Ages 0-14 in 2018" url="https://www.safekids.org/sites/default/files/documents/2020_fast_facts_poisonings_v1.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Safe Kids Worldwide</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pokeweed poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002874.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potato plant poisoning - green tubers and sprouts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002875.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevention Tips -- Poison Help" url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/what-you-can-do/prevention-tips" language-mapped-url="https://poisonhelp.hrsa.gov/es/recursos/consejos-prevencion">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poisoning" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Poisoning%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Read the Label First! Protect Your Household" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-02/documents/household.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Read the Label First! Protect Your Pets" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-02/documents/pets.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rhubarb leaves poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002876.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strychnine" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/strychnine/basics/facts.asp" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/strychnine/espanol/facts.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetrahydrozoline poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002590.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toilet bowl cleaners and deodorizers poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002743.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxicology screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003578.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yew poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002877.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zinc poisoning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002570.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La polimialgia reumática es una enfermedad que causa dolores musculares y rigidez en el cuello, los hombros y las caderas. Síntomas y diagnóstico." title="Polimialgia reumática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="2097" language="Spanish" date-created="10/21/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La polimialgia reumática es una enfermedad que causa dolores musculares y rigidez en el cuello, los hombros y las caderas. Es más común en las mujeres y casi siempre ocurre en las personas mayores de 50 años. El síntoma principal es la rigidez después de descansar. Otros síntomas incluyen fiebre, debilidad y pérdida de peso. En algunos casos, la polimialgia reumática se desarrolla durante la noche. En otros, es gradual.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la polimialgia reumática. No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticarla. Su profesional de la salud usará su historia clínica, síntomas y un examen físico para hacer un diagnóstico. Las pruebas de laboratorio que se hacen para detectar inflamación pueden ayudar a confirmar el diagnóstico.
 &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas veces, la polimialgia reumática ocurre junto con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giantcellarteritis.html"&gt;arteritis de células gigantes&lt;/a&gt;, una afección que causa inflamación de las arterias de la cabeza. Los síntomas incluyen dolores de cabeza y vista borrosa. Con frecuencia, los médicos recetan prednisona, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoide&lt;/a&gt; para ambas enfermedades. La polimialgia reumática responde muy bien al tratamiento y puede desaparecer en uno o dos días. Sin tratamiento, suele desaparecer al cabo de un año o más. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="1382" language="English">Polymyalgia Rheumatica</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5616">Arteritis de células gigantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html" id="2218">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<site title="Arteritis de células gigantes y polimialgia reumática" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/arteritis-de-celulas-gigantes-y-polimialgia-reumatica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/giant-cell-arteritis-and-polymyalgia-rheumatica/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polimialgia reumática" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/polimialgia-reumatica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/polymyalgia-rheumatica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polimialgia reumática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000415.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polimialgia reumática y arteritis de células gigantes" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/polimialgia-reumatica-arteritis-celulas-gigantes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prednisona y otros corticosteroides" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/steroids/art-20045692?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/ART-20045692?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína C reactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Poliovirus is very contagious. Get the facts on polio and post-polio syndrome. Take precautions when travelling and learn about the polio vaccine. " title="Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="365" language="English" date-created="06/10/1999">
<also-called>Infantile paralysis</also-called>
<also-called>PPS</also-called>
<also-called>Poliomyelitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is polio? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disease that spreads from person to person. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus attacks the nervous system. In serious cases, it can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html"&gt;paralysis&lt;/a&gt; (where you can't move parts of the body). The paralysis may be lifelong and can sometimes be life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because of vaccines, polio is rare in the United States. But polio does occur in some parts of the world, and travelers can spread the virus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does polio spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The poliovirus is very contagious. It spreads through contact with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The stool (poop) of person who has the infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Droplets from a sneeze or cough of someone who has the infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This contact can happen if:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You get contaminated stool or droplets on your hands and then touch your mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A child puts contaminated toys or other objects into their mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You share food or utensils with someone who has the infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who have the infection can spread it to others just before and up to several weeks after the symptoms appear. People who don't have symptoms can still spread the virus to others and make them sick.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop polio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Polio mainly affects children under age 5. But people of any age (including adults) who are unvaccinated are at risk of developing polio. People who live in or travel to areas where there is polio are more likely to get polio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of polio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people who get infected with poliovirus do not have any symptoms. But one out of four people who get polio will have flu-like symptoms. These symptoms usually last 2 to 5 days, and they include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sore throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stomach pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In rare cases, polio can be very serious. It can lead to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;Meningitis&lt;/a&gt;, an infection of the covering of your spinal cord and/or brain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or paralysis in your arms, legs, or both. This paralysis or weakness can last a lifetime. It is possible for the paralysis to become life-threatening if it affects the muscles that you use to breathe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Post-polio syndrome (PPS), which happens later in life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is post-polio syndrome (PPS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after they recovered from polio. It usually happens 15-40 years later. It is not contagious.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who get PPS start having new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection.  Symptoms may range from mild to serious. The symptoms of PPS include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle weakness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscles)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of muscle function&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mental and physical fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curving of the spine (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html"&gt;scoliosis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;PPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can interfere with your daily life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is polio diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you think you or someone in your family has symptoms of polio, call your healthcare provider right away or go to an emergency room.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To find out if you or your child has polio, the provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take a detailed medical history, including your vaccination history and history of any recent travel.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will collect samples of body fluids, such as stool, saliva, blood, urine, and spinal fluid. Poliovirus is most likely to be detected in stool specimens.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do an MRI to look at pictures of the spinal cord.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for polio and post-polio syndrome (PPS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure or specific treatment for polio. For a mild case, getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids may help with some of the symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the polio is more serious, you or your child may need:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical or occupational therapy to help with arm or leg weakness. The earlier therapy is started, the better. &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; to help with pain and treat fever. If your child is sick, do not give them aspirin unless their provider tells you to.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A ventilator to help with breathing if the breathing muscles are weak or paralyzed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html"&gt;Mobility aids&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Ventilation equipment.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can polio be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on how old you are. Since 2000, this has been the only polio vaccine used in the United States.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is given as drops in the mouth. It is still used throughout much of the world.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children in the United States get four doses of PV as part of their routine &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;childhood immunizations&lt;/a&gt;. Most adults in the United States were vaccinated against polio as children.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;There is a one-time IPV booster. It may be given to adults who have completed their polio vaccinations but are at higher risk of contact with poliovirus. You may be at higher risk if you are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Working in a laboratory or healthcare setting and handling samples that might contain polioviruses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A healthcare worker who has contact with patients who could have polio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another way to help prevent the spread of polio is to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;wash your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers will not kill poliovirus.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="2096" language="Spanish">Polio y síndrome de post-polio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011051">Poliomyelitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016262">Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html" id="611">Paralysis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Infantile Paralysis</see-reference>
<see-reference>PPS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paralysis, Infantile</see-reference>
<see-reference>Poliomyelitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Post-polio Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="About Polio in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/polio/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/polio/es/que-es-polio/index.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Poliomyelitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Poliomyelitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Postpoliomyelitis+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Late Effects of Polio" url="https://post-polio.org/education/late-effects-of-polio/" language-mapped-url="http://www.post-polio.org/edu/pab-sp1.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Post-Polio Health International including International Ventilator Users Network</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001402.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polio (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/polio.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/polio.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polio and Prevention" url="https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polio Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/polio/vaccines/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polio Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ipv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_polio_ipv.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Poliomyelitis" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-Polio Resource Locator" url="https://post-polio.org/networking/directory/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Post-Polio Health International including International Ventilator Users Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polio" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Poliomyelitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Postpoliomyelitis+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Poliomyelitis" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/poliomyelitis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wellness" url="https://post-polio.org/living_with_polio/wellness/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Post-Polio Health International including International Ventilator Users Network</organization>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La poliomielitis (polio) es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por un virus. Algunas personas que tuvieron polio desarrollan un síndrome post-polio." title="Polio y síndrome de post-polio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="2096" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Poliomielitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la poliomielitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La poliomielitis, o polio, es una enfermedad que se transmite de persona a persona. Es causada por el poliovirus. Este virus ataca el sistema nervioso. En casos graves, puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html"&gt;parálisis&lt;/a&gt; (no es posible mover partes del cuerpo). La parálisis puede durar toda la vida y, en ocasiones, poner en riesgo la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Gracias a las vacunas, la poliomielitis es rara en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, ocurre en algunas partes del mundo y los viajeros pueden propagar el virus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se propaga la poliomielitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El poliovirus es muy contagioso. Se propaga a través del contacto con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heces  de la persona con la infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gotas de un estornudo o tos de alguien con la infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Este contacto puede ocurrir si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene heces o gotitas contaminadas en sus manos y luego se toca la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un niño se lleva a la boca juguetes u otros objetos contaminados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comparte alimentos o utensilios con alguien que tiene la infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que tienen la infección pueden transmitirla a otros justo antes y hasta varias semanas después de que aparezcan los síntomas. Las personas sin síntomas aún pueden transmitir el virus a otros y enfermarlos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener polio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La poliomielitis afecta principalmente a niños menores de 5 años. Pero personas de cualquier edad (incluidos los adultos) que no están vacunadas corren el riesgo de contraerla. Las personas que viven o viajan a áreas donde hay polio tienen más probabilidades de contraerla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la poliomielitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que se infectan con el poliovirus no presentan síntomas. Pero 1 de cada 4 personas que contraen polio tendrá síntomas similares a los de la gripe. Estos síntomas suelen durar de 2 a 5 días e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de estómago&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En casos raros, la poliomielitis puede ser muy grave. Puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;Meningitis&lt;/a&gt;: Infección de la cubierta de su médula espinal y/o cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad o parálisis en sus brazos, piernas o ambos: Esta parálisis o debilidad puede durar toda la vida. Es posible que se convierta en una amenaza para la vida si afecta los músculos que usa para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síndrome pospolio: Ocurre más adelante en la vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome post-polio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome post-polio (SPP) es un problema que afecta a los sobrevivientes de polio muchos años después de que se recuperaron de la afección. Suele ocurrir 15-40 años después. No es contagioso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que contraen síndrome post-polio comienzan a tener un nuevo debilitamiento en los músculos que anteriormente se vieron afectados por la infección de polio. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Atrofia muscular (desgaste de los músculos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de la función muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatiga mental y física&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curvatura de la columna (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html"&gt;escoliosis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome post-polio rara vez puede ser mortal, pero los síntomas pueden interferir con su vida diaria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la poliomielitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si cree que usted o alguien de su familia tiene síntomas de polio, llame a su profesional de la salud de inmediato o vaya a la sala de emergencias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si usted o su hijo tienen polio, el profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Detallar su historia clínica, incluyendo el historial de vacunación y de cualquier viaje reciente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recolectar muestras de fluidos corporales, como heces, saliva, sangre, orina y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Es más probable que el poliovirus se detecte en muestras de heces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer una resonancia magnética para observar imágenes de la médula espinal&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la polio y el síndrome post-polio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura ni tratamiento específico para la poliomielitis. Para un caso leve, descansar y beber muchos líquidos puede ayudar con algunos de los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si la poliomielitis es más grave, es posible que usted o su hijo necesiten:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia física u ocupacional para ayudar con la debilidad de brazos o piernas. Cuanto antes se inicie la terapia, mejor&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; para aliviar el dolor y tratar la fiebre. Si su hijo está enfermo, no le dé aspirina a menos que su proveedor se lo indique&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un ventilador para ayudar con la respiración si los músculos respiratorios están débiles o paralizados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para el síndrome post-polio. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ejercicios sin fatiga (ejercicios que no causan dolor o fatiga que dure más de 10 minutos): Pueden mejorar la fuerza muscular y reducir el cansancio. Su profesional de la salud puede ayudar a determinar qué ejercicios son mejores para usted&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html"&gt;Asistencia para la movilidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Equipos de ventilación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida, como seguir una dieta saludable, dormir lo suficiente y no fumar&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la poliomielitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos de vacunas que pueden prevenir la poliomielitis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vacuna de poliovirus inactivado: Se aplica como inyección en la pierna o el brazo, según la edad que tenga. Desde el año 2000, esta ha sido la única vacuna contra la poliomielitis utilizada en los EE. UU.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vacuna oral contra el poliovirus: Se administra en forma de gotas en la boca. Todavía se usa en gran parte del mundo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños en los EE. UU. reciben cuatro dosis de vacunas contra la polio como parte de su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;inmunización infantil&lt;/a&gt; de rutina. La mayoría de los adultos en los Estados Unidos fueron vacunados contra la poliomielitis cuando eran niños.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Hay un refuerzo de dosis única de vacuna de poliovirus inactivado. Se puede administrar a adultos que han completado sus vacunas contra la poliomielitis pero que tienen un mayor riesgo de contacto con el poliovirus. Puede tener un mayor riesgo si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viaja a un país donde el riesgo de contraer polio es mayor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabaja en un laboratorio o entorno de atención médica y manipula muestras que podrían contener poliovirus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es un trabajador de la salud que tiene contacto con pacientes que podrían tener polio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otra forma de ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la poliomielitis es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Los desinfectantes para manos a base de alcohol no matan el poliovirus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="365" language="English">Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html" id="2077">Parálisis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Parálisis infantil</see-reference>
<see-reference>Poliomielitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Post-polio</see-reference>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001402.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliomielitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/polio.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/polio.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliomielitis" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliomielitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/polio/symptoms-causes/syc-20376512?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polio/symptoms-causes/syc-20376512?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliomielitis" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/polio/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliomielitis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/polio/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376517?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polio/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376517?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la pospoliomielitis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-postpoliomielitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/post-polio-syndrome-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna (inyectable) contra la poliomielitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/polio-sp.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/polio.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la polio: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_polio_ipv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ipv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) happens when a woman's ovaries or adrenal glands produce more male hormones than normal. Learn the symptoms of PCOS and treatments." title="Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html" id="5912" language="English" date-created="11/02/2011">
<also-called>PCOS</also-called>
<also-called>Stein-Leventhal Syndrome</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the name for set of symptoms that are related to an imbalance of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;. PCOS affects the ovaries, as well as many other parts of the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with PCOS usually have at least two of these problems:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not ovulating.&lt;/strong&gt; Normally, your ovaries make the egg that is released each month as part of a healthy &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;menstrual cycle&lt;/a&gt;. This is called ovulation. But with PCOS, the egg may not develop as it should, or it may not be released during ovulation. Your periods may be irregular, or you may not have them at all.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High levels of androgens.&lt;/strong&gt; Androgens are hormones that are important for normal male sexual development. Women normally make smaller amounts of androgens. Having higher levels of androgens can cause you to have extra body or facial hair (called hirsutism).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cysts in one or both ovaries.&lt;/strong&gt; Cysts are growths that are small, fluid-filled sacs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of PCOS in unknown. Research has shown that different factors may play a role, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/"&gt;Genetics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; PCOS tends to run in families.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imbalances in androgen levels.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Insulin resistance.&lt;/strong&gt; This is a condition in which your body can't use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps move &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood glucose&lt;/a&gt; (sugar) into your cells to give them energy. Insulin resistance can lead to high blood glucose levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PCOS often develops as young as age 11 or 12, around the time of your first period. But you can develop it later.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people have few or even no symptoms. They may not realize they have PCOS until they have trouble getting pregnant. Other people may have more severe symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of PCOS may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irregular or missed menstrual periods.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Too much hair on the face, chest, stomach, or thighs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;, weight gain, or trouble losing weight.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html"&gt;acne&lt;/a&gt; which may be hard to treat.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Oily skin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Patches of thickened dark skin (called acanthosis nigricans).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Infertility&lt;/a&gt;. PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility. But many people with PCOS can still get pregnant.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other health problems are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PCOS is linked to many other health problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insulin resistance, which can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt;. Having PCOS increases your risk, and this risk goes up as you age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High &lt;a href="ldlthebadcholesterol.html" tid="6783"&gt;LDL ("bad") cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; and low &lt;a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6785"&gt;HDL ("good") cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;. This increases your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;risk of heart disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;, a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are links between PCOS and these conditions, researchers do not know whether:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PCOS causes some of these problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some of these problems cause PCOS, or &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There are other conditions that cause both PCOS and these other health problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Not everyone who has PCOS will have all these problems. However, you and your health care provider may want to monitor your health for signs of them, so they can be treated early.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for PCOS. To find out if you have PCOS, your provider: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, which will include looking for the physical signs of PCOS.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history and family health history.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a pelvic exam to check for signs of extra male hormones and to see if your ovaries are enlarged or swollen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order a pelvic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; to look for cysts on your ovaries and check the thickness of your endometrium (the lining of your uterus, or womb).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order blood tests, including tests to check your hormone levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for PCOS, but treatments can help you manage your symptoms. The treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle changes,&lt;/strong&gt; which can help reduce many symptoms. They can also lower your risk for or help manage related health problems. These changes include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Maintaining a healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html"&gt;Eating healthy foods&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines:&lt;/strong&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormonal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; such as pills, shots, and IUDs, can make your period more regular. They may also help remove acne and extra facial and body hair. But you would only use them if you don't want to get pregnant.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anti-androgen medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; which block the effect of androgens. This can help reduce hair loss on your head, the growth of facial and body hair, and acne. Providers do use them to help with these symptoms, but anti-androgen medicines are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat PCOS. These medicines can cause problems during pregnancy. Your provider may have you take them with birth control (to prevent pregnancy).&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Insulin-sensitizing medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; which are medicines that are used to treat type 2 diabetes. They improve insulin resistance and keep your blood glucose levels steady. They may also lower your androgen levels. They are not approved by the FDA to treat PCOS. But they may help with your symptoms.&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines for acne.&lt;/strong&gt; These medicines come in pills, creams, or gels.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Treatments for hair removal,&lt;/strong&gt; such as facial hair removal creams, laser hair removal, and electrolysis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fertility treatments&lt;/strong&gt; if you are having trouble getting pregnant. They include medicines and procedures such as &lt;a href="assistedreproductivetechnology.html" tid="6242"&gt;in vitro fertilization (IVF)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html" id="5913" language="Spanish">Síndrome de ovario poliquístico</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011085">Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancysts.html" id="349">Ovarian Cysts</related-topic>
<see-reference>PCOS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stein-Leventhal Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="About Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pcos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anti-Müllerian Hormone Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Polycystic+Ovary+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/pcos-polycystic-ovary-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/risk-factors/la-diabetes-y-el-sindrome-del-ovario-poliquistico-pcos.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/hirsutism-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-booket/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/diagnose" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PCOS: The Oral Contraceptive Pill" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pcos-and-the-pill/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-20353439?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic ovary syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000369.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/pcos.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/pcos.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Teens: A Guide for Parents and Guardians" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/parents/pcos-parent/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/parents/sindrome-de-ovario-poliquistico-sopq-para-los-padres/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): General Information" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/sindrome-de-ovarios-poliquisticos/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic ovary syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/polycystic-ovary-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polycystic ovary syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polycystic+Ovary+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Infertility Resulting from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/treatments/infertility" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/infertilidad">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What are the treatments for PCOS?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/alivio">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness in your neck, shoulders and hips. Read about diagnosis and treatment." title="Polymyalgia Rheumatica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="1382" language="English" date-created="11/16/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness in your neck, shoulders, and hips. It is most common in women and almost always occurs in people over 50. The main symptom is stiffness after resting. Other symptoms include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;, weakness and weight loss. In some cases, polymyalgia rheumatica develops overnight. In others, it is gradual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cause of polymyalgia rheumatica is unknown. There is no specific test for it. Your doctor will use your medical history, symptoms, and a physical exam to make the diagnosis. Lab tests for inflammation may help confirm the diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Polymyalgia rheumatica sometimes occurs along with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/giantcellarteritis.html"&gt;giant cell arteritis&lt;/a&gt;, a condition that causes swelling of the arteries in your head. Symptoms include headaches and blurred vision.  Doctors often prescribe prednisone, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroid&lt;/a&gt; medicine, for both conditions. With treatment, polymyalgia rheumatica usually disappears in a day or two. Without treatment, it usually goes away after a year or more. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="2097" language="Spanish">Polimialgia reumática</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011111">Polymyalgia Rheumatica</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polymyalgiarheumatica.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5615">Giant Cell Arteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html" id="1424">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<site title="American College of Rheumatology" url="https://rheumatology.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Polymyalgia Rheumatica" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Polymyalgia+Rheumatica%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ESR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/giant-cell-arteritis-and-polymyalgia-rheumatica/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/arteritis-de-celulas-gigantes-y-polimialgia-reumatica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polymyalgia Rheumatica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polymyalgia-rheumatica/symptoms-causes/syc-20376539?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymyalgia Rheumatica" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/polymyalgia-rheumatica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/polimialgia-reumatica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymyalgia rheumatica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000415.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/polymyalgia-rheumatica-giant-cell-arteritis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prednisone" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis-treatments/prednisone/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prednisone and Other Corticosteroids: Balance the Risks and Benefits" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/ART-20045692?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/steroids/art-20045692?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymyalgia rheumatica" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polymyalgia+Rheumatica%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What is Vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las porfirias son un grupo de trastornos genéticos causados por problemas con la hemo. Existen dos tipos. La más común es la porfiria cutánea " title="Porfiria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/porphyria.html" id="2098" language="Spanish" date-created="04/16/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las porfirias son un grupo de trastornos genéticos causados por problemas con la forma en que el cuerpo produce una sustancia llamada hemo. El hemo se encuentra en todo el cuerpo, especialmente en la sangre y en la médula ósea, donde transporta oxígeno.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen dos tipos principales de porfirias: Uno es el que afecta la piel (cutáneo) y el otro es el que afecta el sistema nervioso. Las personas que tienen porfiria cutánea desarrollan ampollas, picazón e inflamación en la piel cuando se exponen al sol. El tipo de porfiria que afecta al sistema nervioso se llama porfiria aguda. Los síntomas incluyen dolor en el pecho, abdomen, brazos o piernas, espalda, adormecimiento de los músculos, hormigueo, parálisis o calambres, vómitos, estreñimiento y cambios mentales o en la personalidad. Estos síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos desencadenantes pueden causar una crisis, como ciertas medicinas, el cigarrillo, el consumo de alcohol, las infecciones, el estrés y la exposición al sol. Las crisis se desarrollan en horas o días. Pueden durar días o semanas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La porfiria puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Requiere de exámenes de sangre, orina y heces. Cada tipo tiene un tratamiento diferente. Parte de este es evitar los desencadenantes. También puede incluir tratamiento con hemo (hematina) a través de una vena, medicamentos para aliviar los síntomas o extracción de sangre para reducir la cantidad de hierro en el cuerpo. Las personas que presentan varios episodios quizás deban ser internadas.   &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/porphyria.html" id="1249" language="English">Porphyria</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<site title="Examen de PBG en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003596.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de TBG en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las porfirias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/porfirias/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-porfirias">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porfiria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porfiria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001208.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porfiria: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/porphyria/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356072?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porfirinas en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003372.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003372.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porfirinas: Examen de orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003614.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de orina Delta-ALA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003457.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de porfirina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-porfirina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/porphyrin-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Porphyrias are a group of genetic disorders caused by problems with how your body makes a substance called heme. Read more about types and symptoms." title="Porphyria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/porphyria.html" id="1249" language="English" date-created="06/15/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Porphyrias are a group of genetic disorders caused by problems with how your body makes a substance called heme. Heme is found throughout the body, especially in your blood and bone marrow, where it carries oxygen. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two main types of porphyrias. One affects the skin and the other affects the nervous system. People with the skin type develop blisters, itching, and swelling of their skin when it is exposed to sunlight. The nervous system type is called acute porphyria. Symptoms include pain in the chest, abdomen, limbs, or back; muscle numbness, tingling, paralysis, or cramping; vomiting; constipation; and personality changes or mental disorders. These symptoms come and go.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Certain triggers can cause an attack, including some medicines, smoking, drinking alcohol, infections, stress, and sun exposure. Attacks develop over hours or days. They can last for days or weeks. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Porphyria can be hard to diagnose. It requires blood, urine, and stool tests. Each type of porphyria is treated differently. Treatment may involve avoiding triggers, receiving heme through a vein, taking medicines to relieve symptoms, or having blood drawn to reduce iron in the body. People who have severe attacks may need to be hospitalized.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/porphyria.html" id="2098" language="Spanish">Porfiria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011164">Porphyrias</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/porphyria.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)" url="https://porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/types-of-porphyria/aip/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Porphyria Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Porphyria Foundation" url="https://porphyriafoundation.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Porphyria Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Porphyrias" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Porphyrias%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delta-ALA urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003457.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Nutrition in Porphyria" url="https://porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/diet-and-nutrition/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Porphyria Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose Effect in Acute Porphyrias" url="https://porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/diet-and-nutrition/the-glucose-effect-in-acute-porphyrias/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Porphyria Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Porphyria" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Porphyria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PBG urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003596.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001208.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/porphyria">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Porphyria Cutanea Tarda and Agent Orange" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/agentorange/conditions/porphyria-cutanea-tarda.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyria Treatment Options" url="https://porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria/treatment-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Porphyria Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyria: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/porphyria">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Porphyrin Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/porphyrin-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-porfirina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Porphyrins and Porphyria Diagnosis" url="https://porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria/testing-for-porphyria/diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Porphyria Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyrins blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003372.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003372.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyrins urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003614.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Porphyria" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Porphyrias%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="TBG blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss and Acute Porphyria" url="https://porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/diet-and-nutrition/weight-loss-acute-porphyria/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Porphyria Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anyone who had COVID-19, whether is was severe or mild, can have long-lasting symptoms. Learn more about Post-COVID conditions (long COVID), including symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and prevention." title="Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7807" language="English" date-created="09/20/2022">
<also-called>Chronic COVID</also-called>
<also-called>Long-haul COVID</also-called>
<also-called>Long-term effects of COVID</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt; (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. Many people get better within a few days or weeks after being infected with the virus. But others have post-COVID conditions. They may:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have symptoms that linger for weeks, months, or even years&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Seem to recover from COVID-19 but then see their symptoms return&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Develop new symptoms or new health conditions within a few months of having COVID-19&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several other names for post-COVID conditions. It is often called long COVID. But it can also be called long-haul COVID, long-term effects of COVID, chronic COVID, post-acute COVID-19, and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone who had COVID-19, whether it was severe or mild, can have long-lasting symptoms. But you are at higher risk of post-COVID conditions if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had severe COVID-19 illness, especially if you were hospitalized or needed intensive care.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had underlying health conditions before you got COVID-19.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Did not get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html"&gt;COVID-19 vaccine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) during or after COVID-19. MIS is a rare but serious condition in which different body parts become inflamed. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Post-COVID conditions do not affect everyone the same way. They can cause various types and combinations of symptoms in different people. The symptoms may affect different parts of the body, for example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;General symptoms, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiratory symptoms, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart symptoms, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest pain&lt;/a&gt; and palpitations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neurologic symptoms such as trouble thinking and concentrating ("brain fog"), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;headaches&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digestive symptoms such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt; and stomach pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may have a wide variety of symptoms that are similar to those of other conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html"&gt;myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (ME/CFS).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people's symptoms slowly improve over time. But for some people, the symptoms can last weeks, months, or longer. Sometimes the symptoms are severe enough to result in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disability&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are post-COVID conditions (long COVID) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for post-COVID conditions. To find out if you have a post-COVID condition, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history. This includes asking if you have had a diagnosis of COVID-19, either based on a positive test, symptoms, or exposure.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;May order blood and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging&lt;/a&gt; tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of symptoms of post-COVID conditions may be hard to explain. The results of blood and imaging tests may be normal. And people who have unexplained symptoms may sometimes be misunderstood by their providers. So it can take some time to get a diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific treatment for post-COVID conditions yet. You and your provider can work together to create a personal care plan to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can post-COVID conditions (long COVID) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best way to prevent post-COVID conditions is to avoid getting COVID-19. Staying up to date with vaccines (including boosters) against COVID-19 can help prevent COVID-19 infection and protect against severe illness.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7808" language="Spanish">Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000094024">Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000086382">COVID-19</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000150">complications</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html" id="7627">COVID-19 Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" id="7647">COVID-19 Vaccines</related-topic>
<see-reference>Long COVID</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Post-Acute+COVID-19+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID)" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Post-COVID+Syndrome%22+OR+%22Long+COVID%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COVID-19: Long-Term Effects" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do You Have Post COVID-19 Condition?" url="https://www.paho.org/en/topics/coronavirus-infections/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pandemic/post-covid-19-condition" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/es/temas/coronavirus/brote-enfermedad-por-coronavirus-covid-19/condicion-post-covid-19">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Pan American Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find RECOVER Study Sites Across the Country" url="https://studies.recovercovid.org/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insights into Long COVID" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/11/insights-into-long-covid" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/informacion-sobre-el-covid-prolongado">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with Long COVID" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/long-term-effects/living-with-long-covid.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/care-post-covid.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long COVID" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long COVID Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/covid/long-term-effects/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long COVID: Long-Term Effects of COVID-19" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/covid-long-haulers-long-term-effects-of-covid19">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Long-Haul COVID-19 in Children and Teens" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/covid-19/pages/long-haul-covid-19-in-children-and-teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/covid-19/paginas/long-haul-covid-19-in-children-and-teens.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Navigating Long COVID" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/navigating-long-covid" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-navegar-el-covid-persistente">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID)" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fcomplications%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Post-Acute+COVID-19+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="The Long Haul: When COVID-19 Symptoms Don't Go Away" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-long-haul-when-covid-19-symptoms-dont-go-away" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-camino-largo-cuando-los-sintomas-de-la-covid-19">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Long COVID" url="https://nihceal.org/resources/understanding-long-covid" language-mapped-url="https://ceal.nih.gov/es/understanding-long-COVID">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Possible Long-Term Neurological Complications of COVID-19?" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/coronavirus-and-ninds/covid-19-and-nervous-system#complications">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Long COVID?" url="https://recovercovid.org/long-covid">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc=" You can get Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after experiencing a traumatic event. PTSD starts at different times for different people." title="Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="367" language="English" date-created="06/10/1999">
<also-called>PTSD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that some people develop after they experience or see a traumatic event. The traumatic event may be life-threatening, such as combat, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;natural disaster&lt;/a&gt;, a car accident, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html"&gt;sexual assault&lt;/a&gt;. But sometimes the event is not necessarily a dangerous one. For example, the sudden, unexpected death of a loved one can also cause PTSD.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It's normal to feel afraid during and after a traumatic situation. The fear triggers a "fight-or-flight" response. This is your body's way of helping to protect itself from possible harm. It causes changes in your body such as the release of certain hormones and increases in alertness, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In time, most people recover from this naturally. But people with PTSD don't feel better. They feel stressed and frightened long after the trauma is over. In some cases, the PTSD symptoms may start later on. They might also come and go over time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers don't know why some people get PTSD and others don't. Genetics, neurobiology, risk factors, and personal factors may affect whether you get PTSD after a traumatic event.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can develop PTSD at any age. Many risk factors play a part in whether you will develop PTSD. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your sex; women are more likely to develop PTSD&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having had trauma in childhood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling horror, helplessness, or extreme fear&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Going through a traumatic event that lasts a long time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having little or no social support after the event&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dealing with extra stress after the event, such as loss of a loved one, pain and injury, or loss of a job or home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a history of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental illness&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;substance use&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are four types of PTSD symptoms, but they may not be the same for everyone. Each person experiences symptoms in their own way. The types are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Re-experiencing symptoms&lt;/strong&gt;, when something reminds you of the trauma and you feel that fear again. Examples include
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Flashbacks, which cause you to feel like you are going through the event again&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Nightmares&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Frightening thoughts&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoidance symptoms&lt;/strong&gt;, when you try to avoid situations or people that trigger memories of the traumatic event. This may cause you to
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Stay away from places, events, or objects that are reminders of the traumatic experience. For example, if you were in a car accident, you might stop driving.&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the traumatic event. For example, you might try to stay very busy to try to avoid thinking about what happened.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arousal and reactivity symptoms&lt;/strong&gt;, which may cause you to be jittery or be on the lookout for danger. They include
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Being easily startled&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Feeling tense or "on edge"&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;difficulty sleeping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Having angry outbursts&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cognition and mood symptoms&lt;/strong&gt;, which are negative changes in beliefs and feelings. They include
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Trouble remembering important things about the traumatic event&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Negative thoughts about yourself or the world&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Feeling blame and guilt&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;No longer being interested in things you enjoyed&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Trouble concentrating&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms usually start soon after the traumatic event. But sometimes they may not appear until months or years later. They also may come and go over many years.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If your symptoms last longer than four weeks, cause you great distress, or interfere with your work or home life, you might have PTSD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A health care provider who has experience helping people with mental illnesses can diagnose PTSD. The provider will do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/"&gt;mental health screening&lt;/a&gt; and may also do a physical exam. To get a diagnosis of PTSD, you must have all of these symptoms for at least one month:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one re-experiencing symptom&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one avoidance symptom&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least two arousal and reactivity symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least two cognition and mood symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main treatments for PTSD are talk therapy, medicines, or both. PTSD affects people differently, so a treatment that works for one person may not work for another. If you have PTSD, you need to work with a mental health professional to find the best treatment for your symptoms.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk therapy&lt;/strong&gt;, or psychotherapy, can teach you about your symptoms. You will learn how to identify what triggers them and how to manage them. There are different types of talk therapy for PTSD.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; can help with the symptoms of PTSD. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepressants&lt;/a&gt; may help control symptoms such as sadness, worry, anger, and feeling numb inside. Other medicines can help with sleep problems and nightmares.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are certain factors that can help reduce the risk of developing PTSD. These are known as resilience factors, and they include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seeking out support from other people, such as friends, family, or a support group&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learning to feel good about your actions in the face of danger&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a coping strategy or a way of getting through the bad event and learning from it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being able to act and respond effectively despite feeling fear&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="2099" language="Spanish">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013313">Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html" id="422">Stress</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="453">Veterans and Military Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>PTSD</see-reference>
<site title="About Face" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/apps/AboutFace/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abuse, Maltreatment and PTSD and Their Relationship to Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/abuse-maltreatment-and-ptsd-and-their-relationship-to-migraine/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging Veterans and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/aging_veterans.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/aging_veterans_sp.asp">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pain and PTSD: A Guide for Patients" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/chronic_pain.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stress+Disorders,+Post-Traumatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Reactions After Trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complex Trauma" url="https://www.nctsn.org/what-is-child-trauma/trauma-types/complex-trauma">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Child Traumatic Stress Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping Tips for Traumatic Events and Disasters" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline/coping-tips">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Traumatic Events" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/coping-with-traumatic-events">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Traumatic Stress Reactions" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/gethelp/coping_stress_reactions.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/gethelp/cope_stress_reactions_sp.asp">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Effects of PTSD on Family" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/family/effect_families.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/family/effects_ptsd_family_sp.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Your Child Heal after a Trauma" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/trauma-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/trauma-care.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Common Is PTSD?" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/common/common_adults.asp">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Is PTSD Assessed?" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/measured_how.asp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for PTSD" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post-traumatic stress disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000925.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-por-estres-postraumatico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-por-estres-postraumatico-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)" url="https://www.postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/#PTSD">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Postpartum Support International</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Mental-Health/Mental-Health-Topics/Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ptsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ptsd.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ptsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ptsd.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="PTSD and Problems with Alcohol Use" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/problem_alcohol_use.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="PTSD Basics" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/ptsd_basics.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/ptsd_basics_sp.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="PTSD in Children and Teens" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/teens_ptsd.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/teens_ptsd_sp.asp">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="PTSD Treatment Basics" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/tx_basics.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand_tx/tx_basics_sp.asp">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="PTSD Treatment Decision Aid" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/appvid/decisionaid_public.asp">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stress+Disorders%2C+Post-Traumatic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Related Problems" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Problems and PTSD" url="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/142,41554_VA">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic events and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic Grief" url="https://www.nctsn.org/what-is-child-trauma/trauma-types/traumatic-grief">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Child Traumatic Stress Network</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videos - PTSD: National Center for PTSD" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/appvid/video/index.asp">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It is important to take care of yourself post-pregnancy. Postpartum care includes managing physical and emotional challenges after your baby is born." title="Postpartum Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumcare.html" id="4919" language="English" date-created="02/11/2009">
<also-called>Post-pregnancy health</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Taking home a new baby is one of the happiest times in a woman's life.  But it also presents both physical and emotional challenges.  :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Get as much rest as possible. You may find that all you can do is eat, sleep, and care for your baby. And that is perfectly okay. You will have spotting or bleeding, like a menstrual period, off and on for up to six weeks. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You might also have swelling in your legs and feet, feel constipated, have menstrual-like cramping. Even if you are not breastfeeding, you can have milk leaking from your nipples, and your breasts might feel full, tender, or uncomfortable. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow your doctor's instructions on how much activity, like climbing stairs or walking, you can do for the next few weeks. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doctors usually recommend that you abstain from sexual intercourse for four to six weeks after birth. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to physical changes, you may feel sad or have the "baby blues."  If you are extremely sad or are unable to care for yourself or your baby, you might have a serious condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html"&gt;postpartum depression&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumcare.html" id="4920" language="Spanish">Cuidados después del parto</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011644">Puerperal Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011181">Postnatal Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D049590">Postpartum Period</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumcare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumcare.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html" id="1238">Postpartum Depression</related-topic>
<see-reference>Maternal Health</see-reference>
<site title="After vaginal delivery - in the hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000629.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Postnatal Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Postnatal+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Postpartum Period" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Postpartum+Period%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Puerperal Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Puerperal+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomy - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise after Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/exercise-after-pregnancy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infections After Childbirth" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/postpartum-care/infections-after-childbirth?autoredirectid=24953" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/el-puerperio-per%C3%ADodo-posparto/infecciones-puerperales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Losing weight after pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000586.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Birth Control" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/postpartum-birth-control">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Blood Clots" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-women-s-health-issues/postpartum-care/postpartum-blood-clots" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/el-puerperio-per%C3%ADodo-posparto/co%C3%A1gulos-de-sangre-posparto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnant and Postpartum People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/pregnant-postpartum/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Providing Support for Pregnant or Postpartum People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/caring/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/parejas-amigos-familiares/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Postnatal+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Puerperal+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Postpartum+Period%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to ask your doctor about going home with your baby" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000949.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Questions to ask your doctor about post pregnancy care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000961.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recovering from Birth" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/recovering-birth" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/recovering-birth">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recovering from Delivery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/recovering-delivery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/recovering-delivery.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Urgent Maternal Warnings Signs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/docs/pdf/hearher_women_palmcard_5x7-spanish-508c.pdf">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal delivery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000628.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000628.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warning Signs to Look for After Having a Baby" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/blog/warning-signs-to-look-after-having-baby-0">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Body after Baby: The First 6 Weeks" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/postpartum/your-body-after-baby-first-6-weeks">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Postpartum Checkups" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/postpartum/your-postpartum-checkups">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Postpartum (post-pregnancy) depression can begin anytime within the first year after childbirth. Learn about the symptoms of postpartum depression." title="Postpartum Depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html" id="1238" language="English" date-created="09/14/2000">
<also-called>Post-pregnancy depression</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many women have the baby blues after childbirth. If you have the baby blues, you may have mood swings, feel sad, anxious or overwhelmed, have crying spells, lose your appetite, or have trouble sleeping. The baby blues most often go away within a few days or a week. The symptoms are not severe and do not need treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of postpartum depression last longer and are more severe.   You may also feel hopeless and worthless and lose interest in the baby. You may have thoughts of hurting yourself or the baby. Very rarely, new mothers develop something even more serious. They may have hallucinations or try to hurt themselves or the baby. They need to get treatment right away, often in the hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Postpartum depression can begin anytime within the first year after childbirth. The cause is unknown. Hormonal and physical changes after birth and the stress of caring for a new baby may play a role. Women who have had depression are at higher risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think you have postpartum depression, tell your health care provider. Medicines, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, and talk therapy can help you get well.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html" id="2100" language="Spanish">Depresión posparto</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019052">Depression, Postpartum</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/postpartumdepression.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113">Depression</related-topic>
<see-reference>Baby Blues</see-reference>
<site title="Antidepressants: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Baby Blues after Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/postpartum/baby-blues-after-pregnancy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Depression, Postpartum" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Depression,+Postpartum%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression during and after Pregnancy: You Are Not Alone" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/pages/Understanding-Motherhood-and-Mood-Baby-Blues-and-Beyond.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/delivery-beyond/Paginas/Understanding-Motherhood-and-Mood-Baby-Blues-and-Beyond.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression Treatment" url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/depression/treatment.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perinatal Anxiety" url="https://www.postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety" language-mapped-url="https://www.postpartum.net/es/perinatal-mental-health/#Perinatal-Anxiety">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Postpartum Support International</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perinatal Depression" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/depresion-perinatal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Depression" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ppd.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Depression" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007215.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007215.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Depression" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Depression Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/postpartum-depression-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-la-depresion-posparto/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)" url="https://www.postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/#PTSD">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Postpartum Support International</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Psychosis Help" url="https://www.postpartum.net/get-help/postpartum-psychosis-help/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Postpartum Support International</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Depression" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Depression%2C+Postpartum%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Postpartum Partners and Families" url="https://www.postpartum.net/get-help/family/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Postpartum Support International</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El potasio es un mineral que el cuerpo necesita para funcionar normalmente. Aquí qué alimentos contienen potasio y qué significan los niveles altos o bajos" title="Potasio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html" id="5950" language="Spanish" date-created="01/17/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El potasio es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;mineral&lt;/a&gt; que el cuerpo necesita para funcionar normalmente. Es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;electrolito&lt;/a&gt;. Ayuda a la función de los nervios y a la contracción de los músculos y a que su ritmo cardiaco se mantenga constante. También permite que los nutrientes fluyan a las células y a  expulsar los desechos de estas. Una dieta rica en potasio ayuda a contrarrestar algunos de los efectos nocivos del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sodio&lt;/a&gt; sobre la presión arterial.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas obtiene el potasio que necesita de lo que come y bebe. Las principales fuentes de potasio en la dieta incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Verduras de hoja verde como espinacas y col rizada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frutos de las vides como las uvas y las moras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vegetales de raíz o tubérculos como las zanahorias y las papas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frutas cítricas como naranjas y toronjas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los riñones ayudan a mantener la cantidad adecuada de potasio en su cuerpo. Si usted tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;, los riñones no pueden eliminar el potasio adicional de la sangre. Algunos medicamentos también pueden elevar su nivel de potasio. Es posible que necesite una dieta especial para reducir la cantidad de potasio que consume.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html" id="5949" language="English">Potassium</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4225">Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html" id="4299">Minerales en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html" id="3539">Suplementos en la dieta</related-topic>
<site title="Bajo nivel de potasio (hipopotasiemia)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/low-potassium/basics/definition/sym-20050632?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-potassium/basics/definition/SYM-20050632?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diuréticos: ¿Una causa de la disminución del nivel de potasio?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058432?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058432?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de potasio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003484.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de potasio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003600.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lista de alimentos con alto contenido de potasio (sepa cuáles evitar si no debe ingerir potasio)" url="https://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/HighPotassiumFoodList_SPANISH.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sistema de Salud de la Universidad de Michigan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles altos de potasio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001179.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001179.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis periódica hipocaliémica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000312.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potasio" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Potassium-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Potassium-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potasio bajo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000479.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potasio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002413.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de potasio en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-potasio-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/potassium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Potassium is a mineral that the body needs to work normally. Read more about potassium and learn about potassium rich foods to add to your diet." title="Potassium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html" id="5949" language="English" date-created="01/04/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Potassium is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;mineral&lt;/a&gt; that your body needs to work properly. It is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;electrolyte&lt;/a&gt;. It helps your nerves to function and muscles to contract. It helps your heartbeat stay regular. It also helps move nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells. A diet rich in potassium helps to offset some of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;sodium's&lt;/a&gt; harmful effects on blood pressure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people get all the potassium they need from what they eat and drink. Sources of potassium in the diet include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leafy greens, such as spinach and collards&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fruit from vines, such as grapes and blackberries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Root vegetables, such as carrots and potatoes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your kidneys help to keep the right amount of potassium in your body. If you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, your kidneys may not remove extra potassium from the blood. Some medicines also can raise your potassium level. You may need a special diet to lower the amount of potassium that you eat.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html" id="5950" language="Spanish">Potasio en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017419">Potassium, Dietary</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011188">Potassium</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html" id="3538">Dietary Supplements</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4224">Fluid and Electrolyte Balance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298">Minerals</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hyperkalemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypokalemia</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypokalemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypokalemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Potassium" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Potassium%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diuretics: A Cause of Low Potassium?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058432?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058432?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="High potassium level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001179.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001179.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Potassium Can Help Control High Blood Pressure" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/how-potassium-can-help-control-high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hyperkalemia/basics/definition/SYM-20050776?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypokalemic periodic paralysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000312.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low blood potassium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Potassium (Hypokalemia)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-potassium/basics/definition/SYM-20050632?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/low-potassium/basics/definition/sym-20050632?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potassium" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Potassium-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Potassium-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potassium" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/potassium/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/potassium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-potasio-en-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potassium in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002413.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium in Your CKD Diet" url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/potassium-your-ckd-diet" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/es/atoz/content/potassium">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003484.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003600.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Potassium%2C+Dietary%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Potassium%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What is Potassium?" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/essential-nutrients/minerals/what-is-potassium">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones and a constant feeling of hunger." title="Prader-Willi Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/praderwillisyndrome.html" id="1243" language="English" date-created="11/17/2000">
<also-called>PWS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones and a constant feeling of hunger. The part of the brain that controls feelings of fullness or hunger does not work properly in people with PWS. They overeat, leading to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Babies with PWS are usually floppy, with poor muscle tone, and have trouble sucking. Boys may have undescended testicles. Later, other signs appear. These include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Short stature&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor motor skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight gain &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Underdeveloped sex organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mild intellectual and learning disabilities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for PWS. Growth hormone, exercise, and dietary supervision can help build muscle mass and control weight. Other treatments may include sex hormones and behavior therapy. Most people with PWS will need specialized care and supervision throughout their lives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/praderwillisyndrome.html" id="2101" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Prader-Willi</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011218">Prader-Willi Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/praderwillisyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<site title="About Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prader-Willi Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prader-Willi+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genes and Disease: Prader-Willi Syndrome" url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22195/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Biotechnology Information</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/diagnose" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prader-Willi syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001605.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prader-Willi Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prader-willi-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355997?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prader-willi-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355997?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS): Other FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/more_information/other-faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prader-Willi syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prader-willi-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prader-Willi Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prader-Willi+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is Prader-Willi Syndrome?" url="https://www.pwsausa.org/what-is-prader-willi-syndrome/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Prader-Willi Syndrome Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si usted quiere quedar embarazada puede prepararse para tener un embarazo y un bebé sano. Aquí cómo identificar días fértiles y más información. " title="Preconcepción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/preconceptioncare.html" id="4456" language="Spanish" date-created="05/08/2007">
<also-called>Cuidado antes de concebir</also-called>
<also-called>Cuidado antes del embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted está tratando de tener un bebé o está pensando en ello, no es demasiado temprano para prepararse para un embarazo seguro y un bebé sano. Usted debe ver a su proveedor  de salud acerca de los cuidados previos a la concepción.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;El cuidado de preconcepción es la atención que usted recibe antes de quedar embarazada. Su médico puede ayudarle a determinar cuáles son los pasos que debe tomar ahora, como por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Encontrar y solucionar cualquier problema que pudiera afectarle a usted y a su bebé más tarde, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;hipertensión arterial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumentar la cantidad de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt; para prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;defectos del tubo neural&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aplicar todas las vacunas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar fumar, beber alcohol o tomar drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar de llegar a un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p&gt;Al tomar acción sobre los problemas de salud antes del embarazo, puede evitarlos usted y su bebé en el futuro. Una vez que está embarazada, se le proporcionará &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;atención prenatal&lt;/a&gt; hasta que nazca su bebé.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/preconceptioncare.html" id="4455" language="English">Preconception Care</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979">Infertilidad</related-topic>
<site title="Calculadora de ovulación" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/calculadora-de-ovulacion.aspx">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados previos a la concepción y cuidados prenatales" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo concebir" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/como-concebir.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo después de los 35 años de edad" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-embarazo-despues-de-los-35-anos-de-edad.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esperma saludable: Mejora tu fertilidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Identificación de días fértiles para el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007015.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intentar concebir" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medidas a tomar antes de quedar embarazada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000513.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparándose para el embarazo: Salud preconcepcional" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/preparandose-para-el-embarazo-salud-preconcepcional.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/getting-healthy-before-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prepárese para un embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/preparese-para-un-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntarle al médico acerca de cómo quedar embarazada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000948.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000948.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud antes de concebir" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/preconception-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/preconception-health">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Su chequeo antes del embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/preconcepcion/su-chequeo-antes-del-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trompas de Falopio: ¿Es posible el embarazo con solo una trompa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/faq-20058418?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/FAQ-20058418?p=1">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y otros nutrientes durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vitaminas-y-otros-nutrientes-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/vitamins-and-other-nutrients-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué pruebas previas a la concepción podría necesitar?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/necesitar-antes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/tests-before-pregnancy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede promover un embarazo saludable antes de quedar embarazada?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/embarazada" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/before-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Preconception care is care you receive before you get pregnant. It involves taking care of problems that might affect you and your baby later. " title="Preconception Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/preconceptioncare.html" id="4455" language="English" date-created="10/23/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you are trying to have a baby or are just thinking about it, it is not too early to prepare for a safe pregnancy and a healthy baby. You should see your health care provider for preconception care.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Preconception care is care you receive before you get pregnant. Your health care provider can help you figure out which steps you need to take now, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Finding and taking care of any problems that might affect you and your baby later, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increasing the amount of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;folic acid&lt;/a&gt; you get to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;neural tube defects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting up to date on vaccines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trying to reach a healthy weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;By taking action on health issues before pregnancy, you can prevent many future problems for yourself and your baby. Once you're pregnant,  you'll get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal care&lt;/a&gt; until your baby is born.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/preconceptioncare.html" id="4456" language="Spanish">Preconcepción</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016742">Preconception Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/preconceptioncare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html" id="250">Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6">Prenatal Care</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fertility</see-reference>
<site title="About Folic Acid" url="https://www.cdc.gov/folic-acid/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/folicacid/about.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Planning for Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Pre-Pregnancy Care and Prenatal Care" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can You Promote a Healthy Pregnancy Before Getting Pregnant?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/before-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/embarazada">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carrier Screening" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/carrier-screening">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fertility" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fertility%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Preconception Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Preconception+Care%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fallopian Tubes: Is Pregnancy Possible with Only One?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/FAQ-20058418?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/female-infertility/expert-answers/pregnancy/faq-20058418?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Sperm: Improving Your Fertility" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/fertility/art-20047584?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planning Your pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/planning-your-pregnancy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preconception Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/preconception-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/preconception-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy - identifying fertile days" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007015.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preconception Care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Preconception+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to ask your doctor about getting pregnant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000948.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000948.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Steps to take before you get pregnant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000513.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trying to Conceive" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-get-pregnant/trying-conceive">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Other Nutrients during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/vitamins-and-other-nutrients-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vitaminas-y-otros-nutrientes-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Pre-Pregnancy Tests Might I Need?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/tests-before-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/necesitar-antes">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women with Sickle Cell Disease and Preconception Care" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/communication-resources/women-with-sickle-cell-disease-and-preconception-care.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Checkup before Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/your-checkup-pregnancy">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Prediabetes happens when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes." title="Prediabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html" id="5784" language="English" date-created="03/22/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Prediabetes means that your blood glucose, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;, levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Too much glucose in your blood can damage your body over time.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you have prediabetes, you are more likely to develop &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;. But if you make some lifestyle changes now, you may be able to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Prediabetes usually happens when your body has a problem with insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. A problem with insulin could be:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body can't use its insulin properly. It makes it hard for your cells to get glucose from your blood. This can cause your blood sugar levels to rise.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your body can't make enough insulin to keep your blood sugar levels at a healthy level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers think that being overweight and not getting regular physical activity are major factors in causing prediabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;About 1 out of every 3 adults has prediabetes. It is more common in people who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are overweight or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are age 45 or older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander American&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are not physically active&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have health conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;high cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;gestational diabetes&lt;/a&gt; (diabetes in pregnancy)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a history of heart disease or stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PCOS)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people don't know they have prediabetes because usually there are no symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some people with prediabetes may have darkened skin in the armpit or on the back and sides of the neck. They may also have many small skin growths in those same areas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is prediabetes diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are a few different blood tests that can diagnose prediabetes. The most common ones are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/"&gt;Fasting plasma glucose&lt;/a&gt; (FPG) test, which measures your blood sugar at a single point in time. You need to fast (not eat or drink) for at least 8 hours before the test. The results of the test are given in mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter):
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A normal level is 99 or below&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Prediabetes is 100 to 125&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Type 2 diabetes is 126 and above&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html"&gt;A1C test&lt;/a&gt;, which measures your average blood sugar over the past 3 months. The results of an A1C test are given as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the higher your blood sugar levels have been. 
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A normal level is below 5.7%&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Prediabetes is between 5.7 to 6.4%&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Type 2 diabetes is above 6.5%&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;If I have prediabetes, will I get diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you have prediabetes, you may be able to delay or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html"&gt;prevent&lt;/a&gt; type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Losing weight&lt;/a&gt;, if you are overweight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Following a healthy, reduced-calorie eating plan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, your health care provider may also recommend taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;diabetes medicines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can prediabetes be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are at risk for prediabetes, those same lifestyle changes (losing weight, regular physical activity, and a healthy eating plan) may prevent you from getting it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes Mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html" id="5785" language="Spanish">Prediabetes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011236">Prediabetic State</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308">A1C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html" id="4">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html" id="6026">Diabetes in Children and Teens</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html" id="5930">Diabetes Type 2</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" id="6661">How to Prevent Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html" id="3528">Metabolic Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Insulin Resistance</see-reference>
<site title="A1C: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Prediabetes" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/about-diabetes/about-prediabetes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Diabetes Association" url="https://diabetes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose and A1C: Diagnosis" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/informacion-basica-de-la-diabetes/diagnstico.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood sugar test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003482.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Insulin Resistance" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Insulin+Resistance%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prediabetic State" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prediabetic+State%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Risk Factors" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/diabetes/understand-your-risk-for-diabetes">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes Tests and Diagnosis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Stroke" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/diabetes-enfermedades-cardiacas-accidentes-cerebrovasculares">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucose tolerance test - non-pregnant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003466.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Diabetes: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/resistencia-insulina-prediabetes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDDK Information Clearinghouses and Health Information Center" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/information-clearinghouses">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000778.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000778.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/prediabetes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/prediabetes-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes -- Your Chance to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/prediabetes-prevent-type-2.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-prediabetes-su-oportunidad-para-prevenir-la-diabetes-tipo-2.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes in Children -- Five Things Parents Need to Know" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/news/editorial/2020/10/28/13/18/prediabetes-in-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/news/editorial/2020/10/28/13/18/prediabetes-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prediabetic+State%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Surprising Truth about Prediabetes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/truth-about-prediabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC/DiabetesTipo2/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Prediabetes significa que sus niveles de glucosa son más altos de lo normal, pero no tan altos como para diagnosticarse diabetes. Síntomas y tratamiento" title="Prediabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html" id="5785" language="Spanish" date-created="03/22/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Prediabetes significa que los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa&lt;/a&gt; o azúcar en la sangre son más altos de lo normal pero no lo suficientemente altos como para ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Demasiada glucosa en su sangre puede dañar su cuerpo con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene prediabetes, es más probable que presente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;. Pero si hace algunos cambios en su estilo de vida, es posible que pueda retrasar o prevenir la diabetes tipo 2.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, la prediabetes ocurre cuando su cuerpo tiene un problema con la insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre a las células para darles energía. Un problema con la insulina puede ser:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Resistencia a la insulina: Afección en la cual el cuerpo no puede usar bien la insulina, haciendo más difícil a las células obtener la glucosa de la sangre. Esto puede hacer que sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre suban&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su cuerpo no puede producir suficiente insulina para mantener sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre a un nivel adecuado&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores piensan que el sobrepeso y la falta de actividad física regular son factores importantes para el desarrollo de prediabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cerca de 1 de cada 3 adultos tiene prediabetes. Es más común en personas que:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen 45 años o más&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen un padre, hermano o hermana con diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Son afroamericanos, nativos de Alaska, indios americanos, asiáticos americanos, hispanos / latinos, nativos de Hawái o isleños del Pacífico estadounidense&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No son físicamente activos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tienen problemas de salud como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol alto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Han tenido &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes gestacional&lt;/a&gt; (diabetes en el embarazo)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tienen antecedentes de enfermedad cardíaca o accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas no saben que tienen prediabetes porque generalmente no presentan síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con prediabetes pueden tener piel oscura en la axila o en la parte posterior y los lados del cuello. También pueden tener muchos crecimientos pequeños de la piel en esas mismas áreas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Varios análisis de sangre pueden diagnosticar la prediabetes. Los más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/"&gt;Prueba de glucosa plasmática en ayunas&lt;/a&gt;: Mide el azúcar en la sangre en un solo punto en el tiempo. Debe ayunar (no comer ni beber) durante al menos 8 horas antes de la prueba. Los resultados de la prueba se dan en mg / dL (miligramos por decilitro):&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un nivel normal es 99 o inferior&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prediabetes es de 100 a 125&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diabetes tipo 2 es 126 y superior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

 &lt;li&gt;Prueba de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html"&gt;A1c&lt;/a&gt;: Mide su nivel promedio de azúcar en la sangre en los últimos 3 meses. Los resultados de una prueba de A1C se dan como un porcentaje. Cuanto mayor sea el porcentaje, mayores serán sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un nivel normal está por debajo del 5,7%&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Prediabetes es entre 5.7 a 6.4%&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diabetes tipo 2 está por encima del 6.5%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Si tengo prediabetes, ¿tendré diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene prediabetes, puede retrasar o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html"&gt;prevenir &lt;/a&gt; la diabetes tipo 2 a través de cambios en el estilo de vida:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Perder peso&lt;/a&gt; si tiene sobrepeso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física&lt;/a&gt; regular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable y bajo en calorías&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, su proveedor de atención médica también puede recomendarle tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la prediabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está en riesgo de tener prediabetes, estos mismos cambios en el estilo de vida (pérdida de peso, actividad física regular y un plan de alimentación saludable) pueden evitar que la desarrolle.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
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<site title="Cómo prevenir la diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000778.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000778.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Prediabetes en niños: 5 cosas que los padres deben saber" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/news/editorial/2020/10/28/13/18/prediabetes-in-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/news/editorial/2020/10/28/13/18/prediabetes-in-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes: su oportunidad para prevenir la diabetes tipo 2" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-prediabetes-su-oportunidad-para-prevenir-la-diabetes-tipo-2.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention-type-2/prediabetes-prevent-type-2.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prediabetes: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prediabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355278?p=1">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevengamos la diabetes (para promotores de salud)" url="https://www.nuestrasalud.org/prevengamosladiabetes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de la Salud Hispana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa en mujeres que no estén embarazadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003466.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/pruebas-diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resistencia a la insulina y la prediabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/resistencia-insulina-prediabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Podría tener diabetes?" url="https://doihaveprediabetes.org/es/toma-la-prueba-de-riesgo#/">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Diabetes</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="During pregnancy, you'll have many questions. Learn about which symptoms and body changes are normal, as well as how to keep yourself and your baby healthy." title="Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You're going to have a baby! It's an exciting time, but it can also feel a bit overwhelming.  You may have a lot of questions, including what you can do to give your baby a healthy start. To keep you and your baby healthy during pregnancy, it is important to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have regular visits with your health care provider.&lt;/strong&gt;  These &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal care&lt;/a&gt; visits help make sure that you and your baby are healthy. And if there are any health problems, your provider can find them early. Getting treatment right away can cure many problems and prevent others.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eat healthy and drink plenty of water.&lt;/strong&gt; Good &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;nutrition during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; includes eating a variety of:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Fruits&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Whole grains&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lean meats or other protein sources&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Low-fat dairy products&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Take prenatal vitamins.&lt;/strong&gt; During pregnancy, you need higher amounts of certain vitamins and minerals, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;folic acid&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html"&gt;iron&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be careful with medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; Always check with your provider before you start or stop any &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;medicine&lt;/a&gt;. This includes over-the-counter medicines and dietary or herbal supplements.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stay active.&lt;/strong&gt; Physical activity can help you stay strong, feel and sleep better, and prepare your body for birth. Check with your provider about which types of activities are right for you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html"&gt;substances that could hurt your baby&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;alcohol, drugs, and tobacco&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your body will keep changing as your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;baby grows&lt;/a&gt;. It can be hard to know whether a new symptom is normal or could be a sign of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;problem&lt;/a&gt;. Check with your provider if something is bothering or worrying you.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
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<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" id="160">Birth Control</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html" id="5811">Ectopic Pregnancy</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="1508">High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470">HIV and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3154">Infections and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html" id="515">Miscarriage</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385">Pregnancy and Substance Use</related-topic>
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<site title="A Partner's Guide to Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/a-partners-guide-to-pregnancy">
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<site title="Aches and pains during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000580.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adoption: Considering Your Options and Making a Plan" url="https://cwlibrary.childwelfare.gov/discovery/delivery/01CWIG_INST:01CWIG/1218633500007651">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amniotic fluid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002220.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="At-Home Medical Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Back Pain during Pregnancy: 7 Tips for Relief" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20046080?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Birthing Classes" url="https://familydoctor.org/birthing-classes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/clases-de-parto/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Changes and Discomforts" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/body-changes-and-discomforts" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/body-changes-and-discomforts">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cell division" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000025.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000025.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing the right health care provider for pregnancy and childbirth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000596.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Discomforts of Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/common-discomforts-pregnancy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Skin Conditions during Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/afecciones-comunes-de-la-piel-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common symptoms during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000583.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cosmetics and Pregnancy" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/resources-consumers-cosmetics/cosmetics-pregnancy">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="During Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/during/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/Spanish/during.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise during Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/exercise-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-ejercicio-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/female/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Having Kids Later in Life: Healthy Pregnancies as You Age" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/having-kids-later-life" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tener-hijos-mas-tarde-en-la-vida">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HCG blood test - qualitative" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003509.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HCG blood test - quantitative" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003510.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HCG in urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003619.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003619.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Headaches during Pregnancy: What's the Best Treatment?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Problems in Pregnancy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High-Impact Exercising during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/high-impact-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/high-impact-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stay Healthy During Pregnancy" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-stay-healthy-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mantenerse-sana-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Your Fetus Grows during Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-your-fetus-grows-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Como-crece-su-bebe-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linea Nigra" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/linea-nigra?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000836.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morning sickness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003119.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morning sickness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000604.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morning Sickness Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000604_24.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000604_84.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI Safety during Pregnancy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-mri-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-mri-pregnancy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/multiple-pregnancy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Nutrition: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and travel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and work" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Your Heart Health" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/pregnancy-and-your-heart-health-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Calendar: A Week-by-Week Guide" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pregnancy-calendar-intro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pregnancy-calendar-intro.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003432.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Bone Health" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-bone-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/embarazo-lactancia-y-salud-de-los-huesos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preparing Your Child for a New Sibling" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sibling-prep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sibling-prep.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Birth Defects" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/birthdefects/prevention.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problems sleeping during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000559.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reproductive History and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/reproductive-history-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-antecedentes-reproduccion">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safety Messages for Pregnant, Postpartum, and Breastfeeding People During Natural Disasters and Severe Weather" url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/emergency-preparation-response/safety-messages.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/features/spanish/seguridad-desastres-padres/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sex during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sex-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/Parents/sex-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin and hair changes during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleeping during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-during-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleeping-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Pregnancy" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Healthy and Safe" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/staying-healthy-and-safe" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/staying-healthy-and-safe">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Healthy during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preg-health.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/preg-health.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stretch marks" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003287.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sunless and Self-Tanning during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Pregnancy: What Happens First" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of You and Your Baby while You're Pregnant" url="https://familydoctor.org/taking-care-of-you-and-your-baby-while-youre-pregnant/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-cuidar-de-usted-y-de-su-bebe-mientras-esta-embarazada/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teenage Pregnancy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenagepregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travel during Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/travel-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Hair Dyes and Color during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hair-color-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Teeth Whiteners during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Common Signs of Pregnancy?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/signs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion/signos">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to Do When Your Pregnancy Is Unexpected" url="https://familydoctor.org/what-to-do-when-your-pregnancy-is-unexpected/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-hacer-cuando-su-embarazo-es-inesperado/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Rays, Pregnancy and You" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/x-rays-pregnancy-and-you">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Not all medicines are safe to take when you are pregnant. Some medicines can harm your baby, including over-the-counter drugs, herbs and supplements." title="Pregnancy and Medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5578" language="English" date-created="08/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Not all medicines are safe to take when you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;. Some medicines can harm your baby. That includes over-the-counter or prescription drugs, herbs, and supplements.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Always speak with your health care provider before you start or stop any medicine. Not using medicine that you need may be more harmful to you and your baby than using the medicine. For example, many pregnant women take prescription medicines for health problems like diabetes, asthma, seizures, and heartburn. The decision about whether or not to take a medicine depends on the risks and benefits.  You and your health care provider should make this choice together.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pregnant women should not take regular vitamins. They may have too much or too little of the vitamins that you need. There are special vitamins for pregnant women.  It is important to take 0.4 mg of folic acid every day before you become pregnant through the first part of your pregnancy. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;Folic acid&lt;/a&gt; helps to prevent birth defects of the baby's brain or spine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579" language="Spanish">Medicinas durante el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000014">Abnormalities, Drug-Induced</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandmedicines.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/preconceptioncare.html" id="4455">Preconception Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7131">Pregnancy and Opioids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385">Pregnancy and Substance Use</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html" id="39">Reproductive Hazards</related-topic>
<see-reference>Medicines and Pregnancy</see-reference>
<site title="Allergy Medications and Pregnancy: What's Safe?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/allergy-medications/faq-20058122?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/allergy-medications/faq-20058122?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alternatives for Pregnant Women" url="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/pregnant-women.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotics and Pregnancy: What's Safe?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/antibiotics-and-pregnancy/faq-20058542?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/antibiotics-and-pregnancy/faq-20058542?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants: Safe during Pregnancy?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046420?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bupropion (Wellbutrin) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/bupropion-wellbutrin-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/bupropion-wellbutrin/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citalopram | Escitalopram (Celexa | Lexapro) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/citalopramescitalopram-celexalexapro-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/fact-sheets/citalopramescitalopram-celexalexapro/pdf/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Abnormalities,+Drug-Induced%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Echinacea Preparations and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/echinacea-preparations-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-echinacea-echinacea-purpurea/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Etanercept (Enbrel) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/etanercept-enbrel-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/etanercept-enbrel/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Finasteride (Propecia/Proscar) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/finasteride/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/finasteride/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluconazole and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/fluconazole-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/fluconazole_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ibuprofen and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/ibuprofen-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/ibuprofeno/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Index to Drug-Specific Information" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/index-drug-specific-information">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICSs) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inhaled-corticosteroids-icss-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/los-corticosteroides-inhalados-icss/pdf/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isotretinoin (Accutane) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/isotretinoin-accutane-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-isotretinoina-accutane/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Isotretinoin and Other Retinoids during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/isotretinoin-and-other-retinoids-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/accutane-y-otros-retinoides.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lithium and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/lithium-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/litio/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicine and Pregnancy" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/medicine-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/las-medicinas-y-el-embarazo-medicine-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicine and Pregnancy: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/medicine-and-pregnancy/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/spanish/meds/treatingfortwo/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metformin (Pregnancy)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/metformin-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-metformina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Montelukast (Singulair) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/montelukast-singulair-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/montelukast/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paroxetine (Paxil) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paroxetine-paxil-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/paroxetine_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Paternal Exposures and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/exposiciones-paternas/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phentermine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/phentermine-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/Spanish_Phentermine_1_12.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prednisone/Prednisolone and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/prednisoneprednisolone-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/fact-sheets/la-prednisonaprednisolona/pdf/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Medicines" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pregnancy-and-medicines">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Opioids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Constipation: Are Stool Softeners Safe?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/pregnancy-constipation/faq-20058550?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Exposure Registries" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/pregnancy-exposure-registries">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Medicine during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/prescription-medicine-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Opioids during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/prescription-opioids-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/pseudoephedrine/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/pseudoefedrina-fenilefrina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Medicines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormalities%2C+Drug-Induced%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Research on Medicines and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/medicine-and-pregnancy/research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk of Oral Clefts in Infants Born to Mothers Taking Topamax (Topiramate)" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-risk-oral-clefts-children-born-mothers-taking-topamax-topiramate">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sertraline (Zoloft) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/sertraline-zoloft-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/Sertraline_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Bactrim or Septra) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim-bactrim-septra-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/fact-sheets/sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim-bactrim-septra/pdf/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetracycline and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/tetracycline-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/tetracycline_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thalidomide and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/thalidomide-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/talidomida/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Topical Acne Treatments and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/topical-acne-treatments-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/tratamientos-topicos-para-el-acne/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trazodone and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/trazodone/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/trazodone_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Valproic Acid and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/valproic-acid-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-acido-valproico/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venlafaxine (Effexor) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/venlafaxine-effexor-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/venlafaxine_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection during Pregnancy: Over-the-Counter Treatments OK?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/FAQ-20058355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/faq-20058355?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="During pregnancy, it's important to give yourself and your baby the nutrition needed to grow and be healthy. Learn which foods can give you the right nutrients." title="Pregnancy and Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html" id="5984" language="English" date-created="02/22/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is nutrition, and why is it important during pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nutrition is about eating a healthy and balanced diet so your body gets the nutrients that it needs. Nutrients are substances in foods that our bodies need so they can function and grow. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohydrates&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fats&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and water.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;When you're &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;, nutrition is more important than ever. You need more of many important nutrients than you did before pregnancy. Making healthy food choices every day will help you give your baby what they &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;need to develop&lt;/a&gt;. It will also help make sure that you and your baby gain a healthy amount of weight.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Do I have any special nutritional needs now that I am pregnant?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You need more folic acid, iron, calcium, and vitamin D than you did before pregnancy:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;Folic acid&lt;/a&gt; is a B vitamin that may help prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;neural tube defects&lt;/a&gt;. 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Before pregnancy, you need 400 mcg (micrograms) per day.&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;During pregnancy and when breastfeeding, you need 600 mcg per day from foods and/or vitamins. It is hard to get this amount from foods alone, so you will most likely need to take a supplement that contains folic acid.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html"&gt;Iron&lt;/a&gt; is important for your baby's growth and brain development. During pregnancy, the amount of blood in your body increases, so you need more iron for yourself and your growing baby. You should get 27 mg (milligrams) of iron a day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;Calcium&lt;/a&gt; during pregnancy can reduce your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;preeclampsia&lt;/a&gt;. It's a serious medical condition that causes a sudden increase in your blood pressure. Calcium also builds up your baby's bones and teeth.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pregnant adults should get 1,000 mg (milligrams) of calcium a day&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pregnant teenagers (ages 14-18) need 1,300 mg of calcium a day&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;Vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; helps the calcium to build your baby's bones and teeth. All women, pregnant or not, should be getting 600 IU (international units) of vitamin D per day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that taking too much of a supplement can be harmful. For example, very high levels of vitamin A can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt;. Only take vitamins and mineral supplements that your health care provider recommends.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You also need more protein when you are pregnant. Healthy sources of protein include beans, peas, eggs, lean meats, seafood, and unsalted nuts and seeds.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Getting enough fluids is another special nutritional concern during pregnancy. When you are pregnant, your body needs even more water to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;stay hydrated&lt;/a&gt; and support the life inside you. So it's important to drink enough fluids every day.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How much weight should I gain during my pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;How much weight you should gain depends on your health and how much you weighed before pregnancy:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you were at a normal weight before pregnancy, you should gain about 25 to 35 pounds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you were underweight before pregnancy, you should gain more&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you were overweight or had obesity before you became pregnant, you should gain less&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Check with your provider to find out how much weight gain during pregnancy is healthy for you. You should gain the weight gradually during your pregnancy, with most of the weight gained in the last trimester.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Do I need to eat more calories when I am pregnant?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;How many calories you need depends on your weight gain goals. Your provider can tell you what your goal should be, based on things like your weight before pregnancy, your age, and how fast you gain weight. The general recommendations are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the first trimester of pregnancy, you probably do not need extra calories&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the second trimester, you usually need about 340 extra calories&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;In the last trimester, you may need around 450 extra calories per day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During the final weeks of pregnancy, you may not need extra calories&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that not all calories are equal. You should eat healthy foods that are packed with nutrients - not "empty calories" such as those found in soft drinks, candies, and desserts.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What foods should I avoid during pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During pregnancy, you should avoid:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alcohol.&lt;/strong&gt; There is no known amount of alcohol that is safe for a woman to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;drink during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fish that may have high levels of mercury.&lt;/strong&gt; Limit white (albacore) tuna to 6 ounces per week. Do not eat tilefish, shark, swordfish, marlin, orange roughy, or king mackerel.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Foods that are more likely to contain germs that could cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;foodborne illness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, including
	&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Refrigerated smoked seafood like whitefish, salmon, and mackerel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, and seafood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Refrigerated meat spreads&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Store-made salads, such as chicken, egg, or tuna salad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unpasteurized or raw milk&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unpasteurized juices or cider&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unpasteurized soft cheeses, such as unpasteurized feta, Brie, queso blanco, queso fresco, and blue cheeses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Raw sprouts of any kind (including alfalfa, clover, radish, and mung bean)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Raw cookie dough&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unwashed fruits and vegetables&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Drinking high amounts of caffeine may be harmful for your baby. For most people, it's best to limit caffeine to less than 200 mg per day during pregnancy. But first check with your provider about whether you should have caffeine at all.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html" id="5985" language="Spanish">Nutrición durante el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D039382">Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandnutrition.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Nutrition and Pregnancy</see-reference>
<site title="Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics" url="https://www.eatright.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caffeine in Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/caffeine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-cafeina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion" url="https://www.fns.usda.gov/cnpp">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Maternal+Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nutritional Counseling for Pregnancy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Pregnancy&amp;intr=Nutritional+Counseling&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eating during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eating-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eating-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating right during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000584.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fish and Pregnancy: What is Safe to Eat?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/pages/fish-pregnancy-what-is-safe-to-eat.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Fish-Pregnancy-What-is-Safe-to-Eat.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folic Acid and Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preg-folic-acid.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/folic-acid.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folic Acid: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/foods-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/foods-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Safety for Moms to Be" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/food-safety-moms-be" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/seguridad-alimentaria-para-futuras-mamas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Tips for Pregnant Women" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-pregnant-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/mujeres-embarazadas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating and Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/eating-healthy-during-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/comer-saludable-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing your weight gain during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000603.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meeting Dietary Requirements as a Pregnant Vegetarian" url="https://mothertobaby.org/baby-blog/meeting-dietary-requirements-as-a-pregnant-vegetarian/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="People at Risk: Pregnant Women" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/pregnant-women" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mg5v/embarazadas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Nutrition" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Maternal+Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safer Food Choices for Pregnant People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Pregnant Moms" url="https://wicworks.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/document/Tips_for_Pregnant_Women_English.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Using Artificial Sweeteners during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sweeteners-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sweeteners-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Other Nutrients during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/vitamins-and-other-nutrients-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vitaminas-y-otros-nutrientes-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Gain during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/weight-gain-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-aumento-de-peso-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When you need to gain more weight during pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000617.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are risks to you and your baby if you take opioids while pregnant. Learn about these risks and the treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy." title="Pregnancy and Opioids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7131" language="English" date-created="08/27/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You may need to take medicines &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;while you are pregnant&lt;/a&gt;. But not all medicines are safe during pregnancy. Many medicines carry risks for you, your baby, or both. Opioids, especially when misused, can cause problems for you and your baby while you are pregnant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug heroin is also an opioid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, people who take opioids are at risk for &lt;a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431"&gt;opioid use disorder (OUD)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;overdose&lt;/a&gt;. These risks increase when these medicines are misused.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;Misuse&lt;/a&gt; can include taking your opioid medicines in greater amounts or more often than you are supposed to, using them to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of taking opioids during pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taking opioids during pregnancy can cause problems for you and your baby. The possible risks include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) - withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, seizures, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and poor feeding in newborns&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;Neural tube defects&lt;/a&gt; - birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Congenital heart defects&lt;/a&gt; - problems with the structure of the baby's heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gastroschisis - a birth defect of the baby's abdomen, where the intestines stick outside of the body through a hole beside the belly button&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of the baby, either &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriage&lt;/a&gt; (before 20 weeks of pregnancy) or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html"&gt;stillbirth&lt;/a&gt; (after 20 or more weeks)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;Preterm delivery&lt;/a&gt; - a birth before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stunted growth, leading to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birthweight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your provider suggests that you take opioids during pregnancy, you should first discuss the risks and benefits. Then if you both decide that you need to take the opioids, you should work together to try to minimize the risks. Some of the ways to do this include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking them for the shortest time possible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking the lowest dose that will help you&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carefully following your provider's instructions for taking the medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contacting your provider if you have side effects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Going to all your follow-up appointments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;If I am already taking opioids and I become pregnant, what should I do?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have been taking opioids and you become pregnant, contact your provider. But don't stop taking the opioids on your own. If you suddenly stop taking opioids, it could cause severe health problems for you or your baby. In some cases, stopping suddenly during pregnancy may be more harmful than taking the medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can I breastfeed while taking opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you regularly take opioid medicines, you may be able to breastfeed. It depends on which medicine you are taking. But you should not breastfeed if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;take illegal drugs&lt;/a&gt;. Check with your provider before breastfeeding.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What is the treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are pregnant and have an opioid use disorder, do not stop taking opioids suddenly. Instead, see your provider so you can get help. The &lt;a href="opioidmisuseandaddictiontreatment.html" tid="7129"&gt;treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD)&lt;/a&gt; is called medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). For MOUD during pregnancy, providers prescribe either buprenorphine or methadone. These medicines can reduce your cravings and help prevent withdrawal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Counseling, including behavioral therapies, can also help you to change your attitudes and behaviors related to drug use and build healthy life skills.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7132" language="Spanish">Embarazo y el uso de opioides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009293">Opioid-Related Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011247">Pregnancy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7129">Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5578">Pregnancy and Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385">Pregnancy and Substance Use</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html" id="7127">Safe Opioid Use</related-topic>
<site title="About Opioid Use During Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/opioid-use-during-pregnancy/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/spanish/opioids/basics.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy and Opioids" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=pregnancy+opioids&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heroin and Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/heroin-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-heroina-y-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant of a substance-using mother" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007238.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal abstinence syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007313.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Use Disorder and Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/opioid-use-disorder-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Planning for Women Being Treated for Opioid Use Disorder" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pre_pregnancy_factsheet_041919_508.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Opioids during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/prescription-opioids-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Opioids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opioid-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Pregnancy%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treating Opioid Use Disorder During Pregnancy" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma18-5071fs2.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Treatment Is Available for Pregnant Mothers and Their Babies?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/what-treatment-available-pregnant-mothers-their-babies" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/medicamentos-para-el-tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-opioides/cuales-son-los-tratamientos-disponibles-para-las-mujeres-embarazadas-y">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="During pregnancy, substance use can harm your baby. Learn about why to stay away from smoking, drinking, and illegal drugs, and how to get help." title="Pregnancy and Substance Use" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385" language="English" date-created="11/16/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;During &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, there are many things you can do to keep yourself and your baby healthy. They include getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal care&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;eating healthy&lt;/a&gt;, and staying active. But it's also very important to avoid substances that could be harmful to you and your baby, such as tobacco, alcohol, and drugs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tobacco&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt; during pregnancy passes nicotine, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;carbon monoxide&lt;/a&gt;, and many other harmful chemicals to your baby. Nicotine is not only a health danger for you, but it can also damage your developing baby's brain and lungs. Carbon monoxide can keep the developing baby from getting enough oxygen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you smoke while pregnant, it raises the risk of your baby being born &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;too small&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;too early&lt;/a&gt;, or with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt;. During the first year of life, there is a higher risk of your baby dying from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html"&gt;sudden infant death syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (SIDS). And later in life, your child may be more likely to have health problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other tobacco products, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html"&gt;e-cigarettes&lt;/a&gt;, also contain nicotine and are not safe to use during pregnancy. And some of the flavorings used in e-cigarettes may be harmful to developing babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You will also want to try to avoid &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;, which has some of the same risks as smoking during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alcohol&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no known amount of alcohol that is safe for you to drink during pregnancy and while trying to get pregnant. All types of alcohol are equally harmful, including all wines and beer. The risks from drinking during pregnancy include problems with the growth of the developing baby and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;fetal alcohol spectrum disorders&lt;/a&gt; (FASD). FASD is a life-long condition that can cause a mix of physical, behavioral, and learning problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Illegal drugs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Using illegal drugs, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html"&gt;cocaine&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html"&gt;methamphetamines&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html"&gt;club drugs&lt;/a&gt;, during pregnancy can cause problems for both you and your baby. They may cause low birth weight babies, birth defects, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriage&lt;/a&gt;. Your child may be more likely to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;learning&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;developmental&lt;/a&gt; disabilities. And if you are injecting the drugs, that puts you at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;. HIV can be &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;passed along to your baby during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prescription drug misuse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Misusing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;prescription drugs&lt;/a&gt; can also be harmful. Misuse can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's medicines. The possible effects of misusing a medicine during pregnancy will depend on which medicine you are misusing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Opioids&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One type of drug that is a concern during pregnancy is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioids&lt;/a&gt;. Opioids include strong prescription &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html"&gt;heroin&lt;/a&gt; is also an opioid. Taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html"&gt;opioids during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; can cause problems for you and your baby. The risks include birth defects, preterm birth, the loss of the baby, and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS causes withdrawal symptoms in newborn babies.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you have pain and your health care provider suggests that you take prescription opioids during pregnancy, first discuss the risks and benefits with the provider. Then if you both decide that you need to take the opioids, you can work together to try to minimize the risks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cannabis (marijuana)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href="marijuana.html" tid="317"&gt;Cannabis (marijuana)&lt;/a&gt; is another drug that could be harmful to your baby. Some research shows that using cannabis during pregnancy is linked to developmental problems in children and teens. More research is needed, but the safest thing to do is stop using it if you are pregnant. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that people should not use cannabis while they are pregnant.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Getting help&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
If you are pregnant and using any of these substances, contact your provider. Together you and your provider can find the right treatment to help you quit.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are taking opioids or are addicted to drugs, don't stop taking them suddenly. That can be dangerous to you and the baby. Instead, contact your provider for help with getting off the drugs safely.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104" language="Spanish">Embarazo y consumo de sustancias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019966">Substance-Related Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011247">Pregnancy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html" id="7131">Pregnancy and Opioids</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Drug Abuse in Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy and Substance Abuse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Smoking in Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Substance Abuse in Pregnancy</see-reference>
<site title="About Alcohol Use during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol-pregnancy/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/fasd/alcohol-use.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol and pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007454.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007454.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/alcohol-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-alcohol-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy and Substance Use" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=pregnancy+AND+(%22drug+misuse%22+OR+alcohol+OR+tobacco+OR+smoking+OR+addiction)&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cocaine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/cocaine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-cocaina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dextroamphetamine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/dextroamphetamine-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/dextroanfetamina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigarettes and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/pregnancy-substance-abuse/e-cigarettes.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Effects of Cigarettes: Reproductive Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/cigarettes-and-reproductive-health.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Heroin and Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/heroin-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-heroina-y-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant of a substance-using mother" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007238.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007238.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marijuana (Cannabis) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/marijuana-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/marihuana/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal abstinence syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007313.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paternal Exposures and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/exposiciones-paternas/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="PeriStats: Perinatal Statistics" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polysubstance Use During Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/during/polysubstance-use.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Substance Use" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Substance-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recreational Drugs and Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/smoking-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/pregnancy-substance-abuse/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use While Pregnant and Breastfeeding" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/substance-use-in-women/substance-use-while-pregnant-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/informacion-sobre-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Treatment Is Available for Pregnant Mothers and Their Babies?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/what-treatment-available-pregnant-mothers-their-babies" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/medicamentos-para-el-tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-opioides/cuales-son-los-tratamientos-disponibles-para-las-mujeres-embarazadas-y">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What You Should Know About Using Cannabis, Including CBD, When Pregnant or Breastfeeding" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-you-should-know-about-using-cannabis-including-cbd-when-pregnant-or-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/lo-que-debe-saber-acerca-del-uso-de-cannabis-incluyendo-cbd-mientras-esta-embarazada-o-amamantando">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A premature birth is when a baby is born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. Premature babies may have health problems and need special care." title="Premature Babies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html" id="1519" language="English" date-created="08/14/2001">
<also-called>Preemies</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Almost 1 of every 10 infants born in the United States are premature, or preemies. A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;premature birth&lt;/a&gt; is when a baby is born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Important growth and development happen throughout pregnancy - especially in the final months and weeks. Because they are born too early, preemies &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;weigh much less&lt;/a&gt; than full-term babies. They may have health problems because their organs did not have enough time to develop. Problems that a baby born too early may have include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeding difficulties&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html"&gt;Cerebral palsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html"&gt;Developmental delay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;Hearing problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Preemies need special medical care in a neonatal intensive care unit, or NICU.  They stay there until their organ systems can work on their own. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html" id="2106" language="Spanish">Bebé prematuro</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007235">Infant, Premature, Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007234">Infant, Premature</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prematurebabies.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prematurebabies.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prematurebabies.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prematurebabies.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prematurebabies.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html" id="6105">Birth Weight</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html" id="6234">Preterm Labor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Preemies</see-reference>
<site title="Apnea of prematurity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007227.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea of Prematurity (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aop.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aop.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchopulmonary dysplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001088.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/displasia-broncopulmonar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Your Premature Baby" url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-your-premature-baby/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-de-su-bebe-premature/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Your Premature Baby at Home" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preemie-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/preemie-care.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant, Premature" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infant,+Premature%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant, Premature, Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infant,+Premature,+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Parent Reactions to the NICU" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Common-Parent-Reactions-to-the-NICU.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/common-parent-reactions-to-the-nicu.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corrected Age for Preemies" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Corrected-Age-For-Preemies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/corrected-age-for-preemies.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cranial Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ultrasound-cranial" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ultrasound-cranial">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Birthweight and Gestation" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/birthweight.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Your Baby in the NICU" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/neonatal-intensive-care-unit-nicu/feeding-your-baby-nicu" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/alimentar-a-su-bebe-en-la-nicu.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grandparents and the NICU" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/neonatal-intensive-care-unit-nicu/grandparents-and-nicu">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Issues of Premature Babies" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Health-Issues-of-Premature-Babies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/health-issues-of-premature-babies.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunizations for Preterm Babies" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/Immunizations-For-Preterm-Babies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/immunizations-for-preterm-babies.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intraventricular hemorrhage of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007301.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing Enterocolitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nec.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nec.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing enterocolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001148.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001148.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/nec" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/nec">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/nicu" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/en-la-nicu.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001563.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal weight gain and nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007302.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007302.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteopenia - premature infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007231.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Early Intervention" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/ei-overview/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Center for Parent Information and Resources</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen therapy in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007242.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="PeriStats: Perinatal Statistics" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periventricular leukomalacia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007232.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periventricular Leukomalacia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/periventricular-leukomalacia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Premature infant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001562.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preterm Babies" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/preterm-babies" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/bebes-prematuros.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preterm labor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preterm Labor and Birth" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Premature Babies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infant%2C+Premature%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+infant+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Infant%2C+Premature%2C+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+infant+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retinopathy of prematurity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001618.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinopathy-prematurity">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin-to-Skin Contact: How Kangaroo Care Benefits Your Baby" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/About-Skin-to-Skin-Care.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/about-skin-to-skin-care.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient tachypnea - newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transitioning Newborns from NICU to Home" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/resource/nicu/index.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visiting your baby in the NICU" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000590.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000590.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Watching for Complications" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Watching-for-Complications.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/watching-for-complications.aspx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Common Treatments for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/nec/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/nec/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Your Baby's Born Premature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preemies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/prevenir-prematuro/health-problems-of-preemies-esp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Your Baby's in the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nicu-caring.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Preemie's Growth and Developmental Milestones" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Preemie-Milestones.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/preemie-milestones.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="For some women, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be so severe it can interfere with normal activities. Find out what you can do to lessen symptoms." title="Premenstrual Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html" id="3793" language="English" date-created="03/10/2004">
<also-called>PMS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a group of physical and emotional symptoms that start one to two weeks before your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;period&lt;/a&gt;. Most women have at least some symptoms of PMS, and the symptoms go away after their periods start. The symptoms may range from mild to severe.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe type of PMS. With PMDD, the symptoms are severe enough to interfere with your life.  PMDD much less common than PMS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers don't know exactly what causes PMS. Changes in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormone&lt;/a&gt; levels during the menstrual cycle may play a role. These changing hormone levels may affect some women more than others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PMS symptoms are different for everyone. You may get physical symptoms, emotional symptoms, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical symptoms&lt;/strong&gt; may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breast swelling and tenderness&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html"&gt;Acne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bloating and weight gain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;Backache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;Constipation&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Food cravings&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emotional symptoms&lt;/strong&gt; may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mood swings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crying spells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Sleeping too much or too little&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble with concentration and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html"&gt;memory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Less interest in sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is premenstrual syndrome (PMS) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may wish to see your health care provider if your symptoms bother you or affect your daily life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no single test for PMS. Your provider will talk with you about your symptoms, including when they happen and how much they affect your life.  To be diagnosed with PMS, your symptoms must:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Happen in the five days before your period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;End within four days after your period starts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep you from enjoying or doing some of your normal activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your provider may wish to do tests to rule out other conditions which may cause similar symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;No single PMS treatment works for everyone. If your symptoms are not severe, you may be able to manage them with: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen, to help ease cramps, headaches, backaches, and breast tenderness&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular exercise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Getting enough sleep&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating healthy foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;, sugar, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; in the two weeks before your period&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some studies have shown that certain vitamins may help with some symptoms of PMS. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamin B6&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some women take certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;herbal supplements&lt;/a&gt; for PMS symptoms. But there is not enough evidence to prove that supplements are effective for PMS. Check with your provider before taking any vitamins or supplements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are not able to manage your PMS symptoms, your provider may suggest prescription medicines. These medicines may also be used to treat PMDD. They include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormonal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control&lt;/a&gt;, which may help with the physical symptoms of PMS. But sometimes they may make the emotional symptoms worse. You may need to try several different types of birth control before you find the right one.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which may help with emotional symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diuretics ("water pills") to reduce symptoms of bloating and breast tenderness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anti-anxiety medicine to ease symptoms of anxiety.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html" id="3794" language="Spanish">Síndrome premenstrual</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D065446">Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011293">Premenstrual Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html" id="325">Menstruation</related-topic>
<see-reference>PMS</see-reference>
<site title="Black Cohosh" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/black-cohosh">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chasteberry" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chasteberry">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Premenstrual Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Premenstrual+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evening Primrose Oil" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/evening-primrose-oil">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is It Common to Get Migraines Before Your Period?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstrual-migraine.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menstrual Period: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pms/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/sindrome-premenstrual/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mittelschmerz" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PMS, Cramps, and Irregular Periods (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstrual-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/menstrual-problems.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual breast changes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003153.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual dysphoric disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007193.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://es.familydoctor.org/familydoctor/es/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Different from PMS?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/expert-answers/pmdd/FAQ-20058315?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/expert-answers/pmdd/faq-20058315?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001505.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/period/pms.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) FAQ" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Sindrome-premenstrual">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual syndrome - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000556.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premenstrual Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Premenstrual+Dysphoric+Disorder%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Premenstrual+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Water Retention: Relieve This Premenstrual Symptom" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/water-retention/art-20044983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/water-retention/art-20044983?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Feel Depressed When I Have My Period?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/period-blues.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Getting the right prenatal care is important for a healthy pregnancy. Learn what exams or tests you need so you can the most out of your appointments." title="Prenatal Care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Prenatal care is the health care you get while you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;. It includes your checkups and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prenatal testing&lt;/a&gt;.  
Prenatal care can help keep you and your baby healthy. It lets your health care provider spot health problems early. Early treatment can cure many problems and prevent others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor or midwife will give you a schedule for your prenatal visits. If you are over 35 years old or your pregnancy is high risk because of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;health problems&lt;/a&gt; like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, your doctor or midwife will probably want to see you more often. You can also expect to see your health care provider more often as your due date gets closer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107" language="Spanish">Cuidado prenatal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011295">Prenatal Care</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenatalcare.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6057">Fetal Health and Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" id="1611">Folic Acid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385">Pregnancy and Substance Use</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" id="3091">Prenatal Testing</related-topic>
<site title="About Pre-Pregnancy Care and Prenatal Care" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prenatal Care" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=pregnancy&amp;intr=prenatal+care&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Have a Healthy Pregnancy" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/pregnancy/doctor-and-midwife-visits/have-healthy-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/embarazo/consultas-doctor-o-partera/ten-embarazo-saludable">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stay Healthy During Pregnancy" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-to-stay-healthy-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mantenerse-sana-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Care during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="PeriStats: Perinatal Statistics" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Nutrition: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007214.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Check-Ups: Healthy Start for Mom and Baby" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/04/pregnancy-check-ups" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/chequeos-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Care" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/prenatal-care" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/prenatal-care">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Care Checkups" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/prenatal-care-checkups" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/visitas-de-cuidado-prenatal.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal care in your first trimester" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000544.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal care in your second trimester" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000557.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal care in your third trimester" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000558.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Care: First Trimester Visits" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-care/art-20044882?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Care: Second Trimester Visits" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-care/art-20044581?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Care: Third Trimester Visits" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-care/art-20045660?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Care" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prenatal+Care%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of You and Your Baby while You're Pregnant" url="https://familydoctor.org/taking-care-of-you-and-your-baby-while-youre-pregnant/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-cuidar-de-usted-y-de-su-bebe-mientras-esta-embarazada/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Pregnancy Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007214_5.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007214_65.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Can I Do to Promote a Healthy Pregnancy?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/healthy-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/promover">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Happens during Prenatal Visits?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/prenatal-visits" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/visitas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn how prenatal testing checks on the health of you and your baby during pregnancy. Some tests are routine, and some are for women at high risk." title="Prenatal Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" id="3091" language="English" date-created="01/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Prenatal testing provides information about your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;baby's health&lt;/a&gt; before he or she is born. Some routine tests during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; also check on your health. At your first &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal visit&lt;/a&gt;, your health care provider will test for a number of things, including problems with your blood, signs of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt;, and whether you are immune to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html"&gt;rubella&lt;/a&gt; (German measles) and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html"&gt;chickenpox&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Throughout your pregnancy, your health care provider may suggest a number of other tests, too. Some tests are suggested for all women, such as screenings for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;gestational diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;. Other tests might be offered based on your:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personal or family medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ethnic background&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Results of routine tests&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two types of tests:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Screening tests&lt;/strong&gt; are tests that are done to see if you or your baby might have certain problems. They evaluate risk, but do not diagnose problems. If your screening test result is abnormal, it does not mean that there is a problem. It means that more information is needed. Your health care provider can explain what the test results mean and possible next steps. You may need diagnostic testing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diagnostic tests&lt;/strong&gt; show whether or not you or your baby have a certain problem.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is your choice whether or not to get the prenatal tests. You and your health care provider can discuss the risks and benefits of the tests, and what kind of information the tests can give you. Then you can decide which ones are right for you.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" id="3092" language="Spanish">Pruebas prenatales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011296">Prenatal Diagnosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prenataltesting.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6057">Fetal Health and Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262">Genetic Testing</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6">Prenatal Care</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amniocentesis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chorionic Villi Sampling</see-reference>
<see-reference>Fetal Ultrasound</see-reference>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003921.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis (amniotic fluid test)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amniocentesis-amniotic-fluid-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/amniocentesis-analisis-del-liquido-amniotico/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100192_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100192_1.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Glucose Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chorionic villus sampling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003406.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chorionic-villus-sampling-cvs/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/muestra-de-vellosidades-corionicas/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chorionic villus sampling - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100194_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100194_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Amniocentesis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=amniocentesis&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Chorionic Villi Sampling" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=chorionic+villi+sampling&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ultrasonography, Prenatal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ultrasound&amp;term=prenatal&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystic Fibrosis: Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/cystic-fibrosis-prenatal-screening-and-diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/La-fibrosis-quistica-Deteccion-y-diagnostico-prenatal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Down Syndrome Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/down-syndrome-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sindrome-de-down/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fetal echocardiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007340.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal-maternal erythrocyte distribution blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003407.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucose in Urine Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucose-in-urine-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Karyotype Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoring your baby before labor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000485.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000485.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nonstress Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nonstress-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-sin-estres/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nuchal translucency test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007561.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstetric Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/obstetricus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/obstetricus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100196_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100196_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy-Related Deaths Are on the Rise…and Sepsis Is a Big Reason" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Cell-Free DNA Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prenatal-cell-free-dna-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-adn-fetal-libre/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/prenatal-genetic-screening-tests">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prenatal-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-prenatales/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Tests: FAQs" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/prenatal-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/prenatal-tests.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal ultrasound - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100197_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100197_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Testing" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prenatal+Diagnosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quadruple screen test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007311.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007311.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Red Blood Cell Antibody Screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-antibody-screen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-los-globulos-rojos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rh Factor Blood Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep B Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-b-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-del-grupo-b/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003778.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003778.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Tests Might I Need during Pregnancy?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/tests-needed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/necesitar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La preparación para un desastre puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas que puede causar el desastre. Infórmese." title="Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="1862" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La preparación para un desastre puede disminuir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas que puede causar el desastre. Puede tratarse de un &lt;TOPIC ID="4230" LINKTEXT="desastre natural"/&gt;, como un huracán o un tornado. También puede ser &lt;TOPIC ID="4234" LINKTEXT="causado por el hombre"/&gt;, como un ataque terrorista o un derrame de sustancias químicas. Debe conocer los signos de riesgo y peligro de los distintos tipos de desastres. También debe tener un plan ante un desastre. Asegúrese de evacuar su casa y saber cómo tratar problemas médicos básicos. Asegúrese también de tener el seguro que necesita, inclusive algunos tipos especiales, como el seguro contra inundaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Independientemente del tipo de desastre que ocurra, siempre provoca un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;disturbio emocional&lt;/a&gt;. La recuperación después de un desastre puede llevar cierto tiempo. Manténgase en contacto con sus familiares y amigos durante ese período.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="530" language="English">Disaster Preparation and Recovery</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1771">Biodefensa y bioterrorismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4609">Emergencias causadas por el invierno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html" id="4599">Emergencias causadas por la radiación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chemicalemergencies.html" id="3175">Emergencias químicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html" id="1946">Enfermedades causadas por el calor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3798">Enfrentarse con desastres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html" id="4615">Huracanes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html" id="4605">Incendios forestales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html" id="4597">Inundaciones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html" id="1906">Primeros auxilios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html" id="4595">Terremotos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tornadoes.html" id="4603">Tornados</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="2099">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html" id="4607">Tsunamis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html" id="4601">Volcanes</related-topic>
<site title="Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias" url="https://www.fema.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apagones" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/apagones" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/power-outages">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para regresar a casa de manera segura después de un desastre" url="https://www.fema.gov/es/fact-sheet/tips-returning-home-safely-after-disaster" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/fact-sheet/tips-returning-home-safely-after-disaster">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cruz Roja Americana" url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Cruz Roja Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente a una emergencia en la que es necesario refugiarse en sitio" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4893spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma14-4893.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Desinfección de agua potable en situaciones de emergencia" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/desinfeccion-de-agua-potable-en-situaciones-de-emergencia" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/emergency-disinfection-drinking-water">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directrices para la limpieza de hogares inundados" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/hogares-inundados">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades crónicas en tiempos de incertidumbre: Prepárese y planifique con anticipación" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-enfermedades-cronicas-en-tiempos-de-incertidumbre" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/chronic-disease-uncertain-times">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil y cómo ayudar" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/entendamos-el-estres-traumatico-infantil-y-como-ayudar" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/understanding-child-trauma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Experto en desastre" url="https://www.ready.gov/kids/games/data/dm-spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids/games/data/dm-english/">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre el almacenamiento de insulina y el cambio entre productos durante una emergencia" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/emergency-preparedness-drugs/informacion-sobre-el-almacenamiento-de-insulina-y-el-cambio-entre-productos-durante-una-emergencia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listo niños" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listo.gov" url="https://www.ready.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que necesita saber en caso de un corte inesperado de la electricidad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/poweroutage/needtoknow.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/response/what-to-do-protect-yourself-during-a-power-outage.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga los alimentos seguros después de un desastre o una emergencia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/es/foods/mantenga-los-alimentos-seguros-despues-de-un-desastre-o-una-emergencia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas con discapacidades (y emergencias)" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/discapacidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/disability">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparación y respuesta ante emergencias" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/index.asp" language-mapped-url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga las lesiones después de un desastre" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/injury/facts.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteja su propiedad contra los terremotos" url="https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_proteja-su-propiedad-terremotos_2023.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Refugio" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/refugio" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/shelter">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tormentas eléctricas y rayos" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/tormentas-electricas-y-rayos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/thunderstorms-lightning">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Prescription drug misuse happens if you take a medicine in a way that is different from what the doctor prescribed. Misusing some drugs can lead to addiction." title="Prescription Drug Misuse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="1706" language="English" date-created="07/23/2002">
<also-called>Prescription Drug Abuse</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you take a medicine in a way that is different from what the doctor prescribed, it is called prescription drug misuse. It could be:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone else&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. This might be crushing tablets and then snorting or injecting them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Misusing some prescription drugs can lead to addiction. These include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioids&lt;/a&gt;, sedatives, tranquilizers, and stimulants.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Every medicine has some risk of side effects. Doctors take this into account when prescribing medicines. People who misuse these drugs may not understand the risks. The medicines may not be safe for them, especially at higher doses or when taken with other medicines. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="2278" language="Spanish">Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011307">Drug Prescriptions</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019966">Substance-Related Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067490">Prescription Drug Overuse</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" id="136">Anabolic Steroids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html" id="31">Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6431">Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Drug Abuse, Prescription</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prescription Drug Abuse</see-reference>
<site title="Anabolic Steroids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Barbiturate intoxication and overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000951.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benzodiazepines" url="https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/benzodiazepines">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Enforcement Administration" url="https://www.dea.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/drug-testing">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can Prescription Drug Addiction Be Treated?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/how-can-prescription-drug-addiction-be-treated" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/como-se-puede-tratar-la-adiccion-los-medicamentos-recetados">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Can Prescription Drug Misuse Be Prevented?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/how-can-prescription-drug-misuse-be-prevented">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mind Matters: The Body's Response to Prescription Stimulants" url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/prescription-stimulants" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/estimulantes">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
</site>
<site title="Misuse of Prescription Drugs Research Report" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/overview" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/panorama-general">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/opioid-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-opiaceos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Drug Abuse" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/symptoms-causes/syc-20376813?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/symptoms-causes/syc-20376813?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Drug Abuse" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/prescription-drug-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/prescription-drug-abuse.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Prevention Among Youth and Young Adults" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep21-06-01-003.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Drug Misuse" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prescription+Drug+Overuse%22%5Bmajr%5D+OR+%22Drug+Prescriptions%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Substance-Related+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Substance use -- prescription drugs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000798.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Teens: The Truth About Stimulants" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/product/tips-teens-truth-about-stimulants/pep20-03-03-004">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Depressants?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-depressants.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-depressants.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is the Scope of Prescription Drug Misuse in the United States?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/what-scope-prescription-drug-misuse" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/cual-es-el-alcance-del-uso-indebido-de-los-medicamentos-recetados">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Which Classes of Prescription Drugs Are Commonly Misused?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/what-classes-prescription-drugs-are-commonly-misused" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/que-tipos-de-medicamentos-recetados-se-usan-comunmente-en-forma-indebida">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La presión arterial alta (hipertensión) ocurre cuando la sangre fluye por las arterias con una fuerza mayor de lo normal. Esto aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas y accidentes cerebrovasculares" title="Presión arterial alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html" id="1955" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Alta presión</also-called>
<also-called>Hipertensión</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la presión arterial?&lt;/h3&gt;

 &lt;p&gt;La presión arterial es la fuerza de su sangre al empujar contra las paredes de sus arterias. Cada vez que su corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias. Su presión arterial es más alta cuando su corazón late, bombeando la sangre. Esto se llama presión sistólica. Cuando su corazón está en reposo, entre latidos, su presión arterial baja. Esto se llama presión diastólica.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La lectura de su presión arterial usa estos dos números. Por lo general, el número sistólico se coloca antes o por encima de la cifra diastólica. Por ejemplo, 120/80 significa una presión sistólica de 120 y una diastólica de 80.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;

 &lt;p&gt;La presión arterial alta no tiene síntomas. Por ello, la única manera de averiguar si usted tiene presión arterial alta es a través de chequeos regulares cuando visita a su proveedor de atención médica. Su proveedor utilizará un medidor, un estetoscopio o un sensor electrónico y un manguito de presión arterial y tomará dos o más mediciones en citas médicas distintas antes de hacer un diagnóstico. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Rangos de presión arterial salulable y no saludable" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:55%"&gt;Categoría de presión arterial&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Presión arterial sistólica&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:5%"&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Presión arterial diastólica&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Menos de 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Menos de 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Elevada&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;120 - 129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Menos de 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Hipertensión grado 1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;130 - 139&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;80 - 89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Hipertensión grado 2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;140 o mayor&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;90 o mayor&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;  
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Crisis hipertensiva
(presión arterial peligrosamente alta. Busque atención médica de inmediato)&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Mayor de 180&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Mayor de 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para niños y adolescentes, el médico compara la lectura de la presión arterial con lo que es normal para otros niños que tienen la misma edad, estatura y sexo. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos principales de presión arterial alta: Primaria y secundaria.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Primaria o esencial&lt;/b&gt;: Es el tipo más común de presión arterial alta. Por lo general se desarrolla con el tiempo a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Secundaria&lt;/b&gt;: Es causada por otra condición médica o el uso de ciertos medicamentos. Por lo general, mejora al tratarse la causa o al dejar de tomar los medicamentos que la provocan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué tengo que preocuparme por la presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando su presión arterial se mantiene mucho tiempo alta, hace que el corazón bombee con más fuerza y trabaje demasiado, lo que puede ocasionar serios problemas de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardiaco&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;,  e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de salud colaborará con usted para un plan de tratamiento. Puede que incluya solo los cambios de estilo de vida. Estos cambios, como la alimentación saludable para el corazón y el ejercicio, pueden ser muy efectivos. Sin embargo, en ocasiones los cambios no controlan ni disminuyen la presión arterial alta. Si eso ocurre, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos. Hay diferentes tipos de medicinas para la presión arterial. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un tipo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su presión arterial alta es causada por otra condición médica o medicamento, tratar esa afección o suspender la medicina puede bajarla.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html" id="34" language="English">High Blood Pressure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4940">Medicinas para la presión arterial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html" id="6279">Plan de alimentación DASH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="2102">Presión arterial alta en el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html" id="2011">Presión arterial baja</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6451">Prevención de la presión arterial alta</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alta presión</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alta presión sanguínea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipertensión</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presión sanguínea alta</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tensión arterial alta</see-reference>
<site title="Ansiedad: ¿Es una causa de presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/faq-20058549?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/FAQ-20058549?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatía hipertensiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000163.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de su hipertensión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000101.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000101.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre la presión arterial y el estilo de vida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000101_90.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000101_29.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo el control de la presión arterial en el hogar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20047889?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20047889?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta con bajo contenido de sal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y la presión arterial alta: ¿Cuál es la conexión?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/art-20044190?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/ART-20044190?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación y tratamiento de niños con presión arterial alta" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/heart/paginas/high-blood-pressure-in-children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de aldosterona en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003704.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de renina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003698.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003698.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial (tensión arterial alta) (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hypertension.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hypertension.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007329.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial y dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007483.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial y enfermedad ocular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000999.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000999.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000226.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000226.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión de consultorio: Cuando la presión arterial sube en el consultorio del médico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/white-coat-hypertension/faq-20057792?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/white-coat-hypertension/FAQ-20057792?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión maligna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000491.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión relacionada con medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000155.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión renovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000204.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión secundaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/secondary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350679?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/secondary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350679?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión sistólica aislada: ¿Un problema de salud?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/hypertension/faq-20058527?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/hypertension/FAQ-20058527?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión: Resumen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000072.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidores de la ECA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000087.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga la hipertensión bajo control" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-presion-arterial-importa">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para la presión arterial: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007490.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo de la presión arterial en el hogar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/monitoreo-de-la-presion-arterial-en-el-hogar/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitores de muñeca para la presión arterial: ¿Son exactos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/faq-20057802?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/FAQ-20057802?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plan de alimentación DASH: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/presion-arterial-alta" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta (hipertensión arterial)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/presion-arterial-alta-hipertension-arterial/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta (hipertensión)" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/presion-arterial-alta-hipertension-high-blood-pressure-hypertension" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/high-blood-pressure-hypertension">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta en adultos - hipertensión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000468.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007696.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta y la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/presion-arterial-insuficiencia-renal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/high-blood-pressure">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta y las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/presion-arterial-alta/presion-arterial-alta-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/high-blood-pressure/high-blood-pressure-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial elevada (Hipertensión)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hipertension-arterial-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/high-blood-pressure/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial saludable para corazones saludables: Pequeños pasos para tomar el control" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/presion-arterial-saludable-para-corazones-saludables-pequenos-pasos-para-tomar-el-control" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/HBP_Infograph_Fact_Sheet_508.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial saludable para corazones saludables: Seguimiento de sus números" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/presion-arterial-saludable-para-corazones-saludables-seguimiento-de-sus-numeros-healthy" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/HBP_Worksheet_508.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial: ¿Se ve afectada por el clima frío?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058250?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial: ¿Tiene un patrón diario?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058115?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión diferencial: ¿Un indicador de la salud del corazón?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/pulse-pressure/faq-20058189?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/pulse-pressure/FAQ-20058189?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la presión arterial alta: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de aldosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-aldosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/aldosterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cloruro en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cloruro-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chloride-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de renina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-renina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/renin-test">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tensiómetros caseros" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007482.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la presión arterial alta y la vida sexual" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-and-sex/art-20044209?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure-and-sex/ART-20044209?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de un monitor de presión arterial ambulatorio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/uso-de-un-monitor-de-presion-arterial-ambulatorio/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/diagnosis-tests/using-an-ambulatory-blood-pressure-monitor.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo reducir la presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/reduce-highbloodpressure_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/How-Can-I-Reduce-High-Blood-Pressure_UCM_308994_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Está afectando su salud la hipertensión arterial?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000468_93.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000468_38.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Existe una relación entre la menopausia y la presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058406?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/what-is-highbloodpressure_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_300310.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="¿Son seguros los remedios de venta libre para las personas que tienen presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/faq-20058281?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/high-blood-pressure/FAQ-20058281?p=1">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="La presión arterial alta durante el embarazo puede incluir hipertensión gestacional, hipertensión crónica y preeclampsia. Puede causar problemas tanto a la madre como al bebé." title="Presión arterial alta en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="2102" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Alta presión en el embarazo</also-called>
<also-called>Preeclampsia</also-called>
<also-called>Toxemia del embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la presión arterial alta en el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La presión arterial es la fuerza que ejerce la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. Sus arterias son vasos sanguíneos que llevan la sangre desde su corazón a otras partes de su cuerpo. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, o hipertensión, es una presión arterial más alta de lo normal. Tener presión arterial alta puede ponerle en riesgo de sufrir otros problemas de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataques cardíacos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidentes cerebrovasculares&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Durante el embarazo, la presión arterial alta puede causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé. Para que se mantengan sanos, es importante que usted y su bebé reciban tratamiento para la presión arterial alta antes, durante y después del embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de presión arterial alta en el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de presión arterial alta en el embarazo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hipertensión gestacional&lt;/strong&gt;: Presión arterial alta que se desarrolla durante el embarazo. Comienza después de las 20 semanas de embarazo. En general, no presenta ningún otro síntoma. En muchos casos, no le hace daño a usted ni a su bebé y desaparece dentro de las 12 semanas posteriores al parto. Sin embargo, sí aumenta el riesgo de hipertensión arterial en el futuro. Si se vuelve grave, puede provocar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt; o que su bebé tenga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;bajo peso al nacer&lt;/a&gt;. Algunas mujeres con hipertensión gestacional desarrollan preeclampsia, un tipo más grave de presión arterial alta durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hipertensión crónica&lt;/strong&gt;: Presión arterial alta que comienza antes de la semana 20 de embarazo o antes de quedar embarazada. Es posible que algunas personas la hayan tenido mucho antes de quedar embarazadas, pero no lo supieron hasta que les midieron la presión arterial en su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;visita prenatal&lt;/a&gt;. En ocasiones, la hipertensión crónica también puede causar preeclampsia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;: Aumento repentino de la presión arterial después de la semana 20 de embarazo. Suele ocurrir en el último trimestre. La preeclampsia también suele incluir signos de daño en algunos de sus órganos, como el hígado o los riñones. Los signos pueden incluir proteínas en la orina y presión arterial muy alta. La preeclampsia puede ser grave o incluso poner en peligro su vida como la de su bebé
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si la preeclampsia se vuelve lo suficientemente grave como para afectar la función cerebral y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;convulsiones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;, se llama &lt;strong&gt;eclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En casos raros, es posible que los síntomas de preeclampsia no comiencen hasta después del parto. Esto se llama &lt;strong&gt;preeclampsia posparto&lt;/strong&gt;. Si este tipo de preeclampsia se vuelve más grave y provoca convulsiones, se conoce como &lt;strong&gt;eclampsia posparto&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuando una persona con preeclampsia o eclampsia tiene daño en el hígado y las células sanguíneas, se conoce como &lt;strong&gt;síndrome HELLP&lt;/strong&gt;. Es raro, pero muy grave&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar presión arterial alta durante el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que tenga presión arterial alta durante el embarazo si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenía presión arterial alta crónica o enfermedad renal crónica antes del embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tuvo presión arterial alta o preeclampsia en un embarazo anterior&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es menor de 20 años o mayor de 40&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;embarazada de más de un bebé&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es afrodescendiente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de presión arterial alta durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la presión arterial alta en el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, la presión arterial alta no presenta síntomas. Las personas usualmente descubren que tienen presión arterial alta cuando su profesional de la salud les &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;mide la presión arterial.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La preeclampsia puede causar otros síntomas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Demasiada proteína en la orina (llamada proteinuria)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;edema&lt;/a&gt;) en la cara y las manos. Sus pies también pueden hincharse, pero muchas mujeres tienen los pies hinchados durante el embarazo. Por ello, los pies hinchados por sí solos pueden no ser un signo de problema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; que no desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de visión, incluyendo visión borrosa o ver puntos brillantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en la parte superior derecha del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdomen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La eclampsia también puede causar convulsiones, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas y/o vómitos&lt;/a&gt; y baja producción de orina. 
Si desarrolla el síndrome HELLP, también puede tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;sangrado&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html"&gt;moretones&lt;/a&gt; con facilidad, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt; extrema e insuficiencia hepática.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas puede causar la hipertensión arterial en el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La presión arterial alta durante el embarazo puede causar complicaciones como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desprendimiento de placenta, donde la placenta (el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé) se separa del útero (el lugar donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bajo crecimiento fetal, causado por la falta de nutrientes y oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parto prematuro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bebé con bajo peso al nacer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño a sus riñones, hígado, cerebro y otros órganos y sistemas sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca para usted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la hipertensión arterial en el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud controlará su presión arterial y orina en cada visita prenatal. Si la lectura de su presión arterial es alta (140/90 o más), especialmente después de la semana 20 de embarazo, es probable que su proveedor solicite algunas pruebas. Estas pueden incluir análisis de sangre y otros análisis de laboratorio, como una prueba para buscar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteinas-en-la-orina/"&gt;proteína en la orina&lt;/a&gt; adicional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta en el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene presión arterial alta, usted y su bebé serán monitoreados de cerca para reducir la posibilidad de complicaciones. Es posible que necesite:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlar su presión arterial en casa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llevar un registro de cuántas veces siente que el bebé patea cada día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ajustar su actividad física: Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre qué nivel de actividad física es adecuada para usted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para controlar su presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;: Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué medicamentos son seguros para su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar aspirina en el segundo trimestre, si tiene riesgo de preeclampsia y su proveedor le recomienda aspirina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visitar a su profesional de la salud con más frecuencia para controlar su estado y la tasa de crecimiento y frecuencia cardíaca de su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene &lt;strong&gt;eclampsia, síndrome HELLP&lt;/strong&gt; o un caso grave de &lt;strong&gt;preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt;, lo más probable es que deba ir al hospital. El tratamiento suele incluir medicamentos. Su profesional de la salud también puede recomendarle que dé a luz al bebé antes de tiempo. La decisión se basará en:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tan grave es la afección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los posibles riesgos para usted y su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tan avanzado está el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El objetivo es reducir los riesgos para usted y al mismo tiempo darle a su bebé el mayor tiempo posible para madurar antes del parto. 
Los síntomas de la &lt;strong&gt;preeclampsia&lt;/strong&gt; pueden durar después del parto, pero normalmente desaparecen en seis semanas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="1508" language="English">High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alta presión en el embarazo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipertensión durante el embarazo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Preeclampsia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Toxemia</see-reference>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="¿Cuántas mujeres tienen o corren riesgo de tener preeclampsia?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos la preeclampsia, la eclampsia y el síndrome HELLP?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Probablemente haya escuchado que la presión arterial alta es un problema. ¿Pero qué pasa con la presión arterial baja? Aquí síntomas y complicaciones." title="Presión arterial baja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html" id="2011" language="Spanish" date-created="06/20/2003">
<also-called>Baja presión</also-called>
<also-called>Hipotensión</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Probablemente ha escuchado que la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; es un problema. ¿Pero qué pasa con la presión arterial baja?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La presión arterial es la fuerza que ejerce la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. Cada vez que el corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias. Su presión arterial estará al nivel más elevado cuando el corazón late para bombear la sangre. A ésto se le llama presión sistólica. Cuando el corazón está en reposo, entre un latido y otro, la presión sanguínea disminuye. A ésto se le llama presión diastólica. La medición de su presión arterial utiliza estos dos valores. Ambos son importantes. Por lo general, se escriben uno arriba o antes del otro, como 120/80. Si su presión arterial es de 90/60 o menos, usted tiene presión arterial baja o hipotensión arterial. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas tienen la presión arterial baja en todo momento. No tienen síntomas y sus lecturas de presión bajas son normales para ellas. En otras, la presión cae por debajo de los valores normales por algún evento o cuadro clínico. Algunas personas pueden experimentar síntomas de baja presión cuando se ponen de pie demasiado rápidamente. La presión arterial baja es un problema sólo cuando causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html"&gt;desmayos&lt;/a&gt; o, en casos extremos, &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html" id="1225" language="English">Low Blood Pressure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Atrofia multisistémica</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipotensión</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presión baja</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presión sanguínea baja</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shy-Drager, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de Shy-Drager</see-reference>
<site title="Atrofia multisistémica (AMS)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-system-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20356153?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-system-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20356153?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotensión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007278.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotensión arterial" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/presi%C3%B3n-arterial-baja-y-choque-shock/hipotensi%C3%B3n-arterial">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotensión ortostática (hipotensión postural)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotensión posprandial" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-cardiovasculares/hipotensi%C3%B3n-posprandial" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/symptoms-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/postprandial-hypotension">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia hepática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000214.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo de la presión arterial en el hogar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/monitoreo-de-la-presion-arterial-en-el-hogar/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial baja (hipotensión)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20355465?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20355465?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la mesa inclinada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tilt-table-test/about/pac-20395124?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Bedsores (decubitus ulcers) are caused by pressure to areas of skin when resting in a position for too long. Complications can be serious. Learn why." title="Pressure Sores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pressuresores.html" id="371" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<also-called>Bed sores</also-called>
<also-called>Decubitus ulcers</also-called>
<also-called>Pressure ulcers</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pressure sores are areas of damaged skin caused by staying in one position for too long. They commonly form where your bones are close to your skin, such as your ankles, back, elbows, heels and hips. You are at risk if you are bedridden, use a wheelchair, or are unable to change your position. Pressure sores can cause serious infections, some of which are life-threatening. They can be a problem for people in nursing homes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can prevent the sores by :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Keeping skin clean and dry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changing position every two hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Using pillows and products that relieve pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pressure sores have a variety of treatments. Advanced sores are slow to heal, so early treatment is best.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pressuresores.html" id="2108" language="Spanish">Úlcera por presión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003668">Pressure Ulcer</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pressuresores.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Bedsores</see-reference>
<see-reference>Decubitus Ulcers</see-reference>
<site title="Bedsores (Pressure Ulcers)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-ulcer?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bedsores (Pressure Ulcers)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pressure Ulcer" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pressure+Ulcer%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurse in Your Area" url="https://www.wocn.org/learning-center/patient-resources/find-a-nurse/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to care for pressure sores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000740.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000740.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pressure Sores" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pressure-sores/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/llagas-por-presion-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pressure Sores" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/pressure-sores.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/ulceras-por-presion.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pressure ulcers - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000228.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Bedsores (Pressure Ulcers)" url="https://facingdisability.com/expert-topics/preventing-pressure-sores">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing pressure ulcers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000147.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pressure Sores" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pressure+Ulcer%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Pressure Sores" url="https://sci.washington.edu/info/pamphlets/pressure_sores.asp">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Preterm labor is labor that begins before the 37th week of pregnancy. Learn what signs to look for in a preterm labor such as cramps or bleeding." title="Preterm Labor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html" id="6234" language="English" date-created="07/06/2015">
<also-called>Early Labor</also-called>
<also-called>Premature Birth</also-called>
<also-called>Premature Labor</also-called>
<also-called>Preterm Birth</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Preterm labor is labor that starts before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. It can lead to premature birth. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;Premature babies&lt;/a&gt; may face serious health risks. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of preterm labor include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contractions every 10 minutes or more often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leaking fluid or bleeding from the vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling of pressure in the pelvis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low, dull backache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cramps that feel like menstrual cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; If you think you might be having preterm labor, contact your health care provider. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html" id="6235" language="Spanish">Trabajo de parto prematuro</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007752">Obstetric Labor, Premature</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Premature Birth</see-reference>
<see-reference>Premature Labor</see-reference>
<site title="About Preterm Labor and Birth" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Obstetric Labor, Premature" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Obstetric+Labor,+Premature%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Extremely Preterm Birth" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/extremely-preterm-birth">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preterm Birth" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/preterm-birth/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preterm labor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preterm Labor" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Obstetric+Labor%2C+Premature%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adult+%5Bmh%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Risk Factors for Preterm Labor and Birth?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo/who_risk" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion/factores">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Treatments Can Reduce the Chances of Preterm Labor and Birth?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo/reduce" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Por lo general, la presión arterial alta no da síntomas, pero puede ocasionar condiciones que ponen en riesgo la vida como ataque al corazón o derrame cerebral. Entérese cómo prevenir la hipertensión." title="Prevención de la presión arterial alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6451" language="Spanish" date-created="03/01/2017">
<also-called>Cómo prevenir la presión alta</also-called>
<also-called>Prevención de la hipertensión</also-called>
<also-called>Prevención de la tensión arterial alta</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cerca de la mitad de los adultos estadounidenses tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt; (hipertensión). Muchos de ellos no saben que la tienen porque normalmente no presenta señales de advertencia. Esto puede ser peligroso, porque la presión arterial alta puede causar enfermedades potencialmente mortales, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;. La buena noticia es que a menudo la presión arterial alta se puede prevenir o tratar. El diagnóstico temprano y cambios saludables para el corazón en el estilo de vida pueden evitar que la presión arterial alta dañe gravemente su salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la presión arterial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cada vez que su corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias (los vasos sanguíneos que llevan la sangre desde el corazón a los tejidos y órganos del cuerpo). La presión arterial es la fuerza que ejerce la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. La presión arterial se mide con dos números:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presión sistólica&lt;/strong&gt; (el primer número y el mayor): Mide la presión dentro de las arterias cuando el corazón late&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presión diastólica&lt;/strong&gt; (el segundo número e inferior): Mide la presión dentro de las arterias cuando el corazón descansa entre latidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por ejemplo, una lectura de presión arterial de 120/80 significa una sistólica de 120 y una diastólica de 80.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, la presión arterial alta no presenta síntomas. Por ello, la única forma de saber si la tiene son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/"&gt;controles periódicos de presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; por parte de su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor de atención médica usará un manómetro, un estetoscopio o sensor electrónico y un manguito de presión arterial. Antes de hacer un diagnóstico, realizará dos o más lecturas en citas separadas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Rangos de presión arterial salulable y no saludable" width="100%" border="0"&gt;
 &lt;thead&gt;
 &lt;tr&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:55%"&gt;Categoría de presión arterial&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Presión arterial sistólica&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:5%"&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;th scope="col" style="width:20%"&gt;Presión arterial diastólica&lt;/th&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/thead&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Menos de 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Menos de 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Elevada&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;120 - 129&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Menos de 80&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Hipertensión grado 1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;130 - 139&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;80 - 89&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Hipertensión grado 2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;140 o mayor&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;90 o mayor&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;  
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Crisis hipertensiva
(presión arterial peligrosamente alta. Busque atención médica de inmediato)&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Mayor de 180&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td&gt;Mayor de 120&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
 &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para niños y adolescentes, el profesional de la salud compara la medición de la presión arterial con lo que se considera normal para otros niños de la misma edad, altura y sexo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener presión arterial alta, pero existen ciertos factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edad&lt;/strong&gt;: La presión arterial tiende a aumentar con la edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raza / etnia&lt;/strong&gt;: La presión arterial alta es más común en adultos afrodescendientes. También tienden a tener cifras de presión arterial promedio más altas y a padecer presión arterial alta a una edad más temprana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: Los hombres tienen más probabilidades que las mujeres de tener presión arterial alta durante la mediana edad. Pero en los adultos mayores, las mujeres tienen más probabilidades que los hombres de desarrollarla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;: Ciertos hábitos de estilo de vida pueden aumentar el riesgo de hipertensión arterial, como comer demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt; (sodio) o poco &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html"&gt;potasio&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;falta de ejercicio&lt;/a&gt;, beber demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar y genética&lt;/strong&gt;: A menudo, la presión arterial alta es hereditaria. Muchos genes están relacionados con pequeños aumentos en el riesgo de hipertensión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Factores sociales y económicos&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las investigaciones muestran que factores como los ingresos, el nivel educativo, el lugar donde vive y el tipo de trabajo que tiene pueden aumentar su riesgo de hipertensión arterial. Por ejemplo, trabajar en turnos temprano o tarde puede aumentar su riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Experimentar discriminación y pobreza se ha relacionado con la presión arterial alta. Además, algunas investigaciones muestran que los traumas en la infancia pueden aumentar el riesgo de hipertensión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Algunos medicamentos pueden aumentar la presión arterial, entre ellos:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Descongestionantes (medicamentos para aliviar la congestión nasal)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Control de la natalidad y contracepción&lt;/a&gt; hormonales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE), un tipo de analgésico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener otras afecciones médicas&lt;/strong&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos tumores&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sobrepeso y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;Problemas de tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo prevenir la presión arterial alta?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede ayudar a prevenir la presión arterial alta teniendo un estilo de vida saludable. Esto significa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consumir una dieta saludable&lt;/strong&gt;: Para ayudar a controlar su presión arterial, debe limitar la cantidad de sal (sodio) que come y aumentar la cantidad de potasio en su dieta. También es importante consumir alimentos bajos en grasas, así como muchas frutas, verduras y granos integrales. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html"&gt;plan de alimentación DASH&lt;/a&gt; es un ejemplo de plan de alimentación que puede ayudarle a reducir su presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: La actividad física regular puede ayudarle a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Control de peso&lt;/a&gt; y bajar la presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener un peso saludable&lt;/strong&gt;: El sobrepeso o la obesidad aumentan el riesgo de tener presión arterial alta. Mantener un peso saludable puede ayudarle a controlar la presión arterial alta y reducir el riesgo de sufrir otros problemas de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitar el alcohol&lt;/strong&gt;: Beber demasiado alcohol puede aumentar la presión arterial. También agrega calorías adicionales, lo que puede causar subir de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No fumar&lt;/strong&gt;: Fumar cigarrillos aumenta la presión arterial y aumenta el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco y un derrame cerebral. Si no fuma, no comience. Si fuma, hable con su profesional de la salud para que le ayude a encontrar la mejor manera de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejarlo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Controlar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Aprender a relajarse y controlar el estrés puede mejorar su salud física y emocional y bajar la presión arterial alta. Las técnicas de manejo del estrés incluyen hacer ejercicio, escuchar música, concentrarse en algo tranquilo o pacífico y meditar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir lo suficiente y de buena calidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si ya tiene presión arterial alta, es importante evitar que empeore o cause complicaciones. Debe recibir atención médica periódica y seguir su plan de tratamiento. Su plan incluirá recomendaciones de hábitos de vida saludables y posiblemente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html" id="6450" language="English">How to Prevent High Blood Pressure</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html" id="1732">Alcohol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html" id="2158">Dejar de fumar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html" id="2175">Estrés</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html" id="4940">Medicinas para la presión arterial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html" id="6279">Plan de alimentación DASH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html" id="1955">Presión arterial alta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="2102">Presión arterial alta en el embarazo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Enfermedad hipertensiva, Prevención</see-reference>
<site title="Ansiedad: ¿Es una causa de presión arterial alta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/faq-20058549?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/anxiety/FAQ-20058549?p=1">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo el control de la presión arterial en el hogar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20047889?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20047889?p=1">
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta con bajo contenido de sal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta DASH para reducir la hipertensión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000770.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diez maneras de controlar la presión arterial alta sin medicamentos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20046974?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20046974?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio: Un método sin medicamentos para bajar la presión arterial alta" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20045206?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20045206?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
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<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés y su corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión arterial y dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007483.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007490.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Alimentos con cereales integrales reducen la presión arterial?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/faq-20058417?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/whole-grain-foods/FAQ-20058417?p=1">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué sabe sobre las dietas con contenido bajo de sodio?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007483_89.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007483_28.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Primary ovarian insufficiency(POI) happens when a woman's ovaries stop working before she is 40. POI is different from premature menopause. Learn about the causes, and how to treat the symptoms and complications." title="Primary Ovarian Insufficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html" id="3684" language="English" date-created="12/11/2003">
<also-called>Ovarian insufficiency</also-called>
<also-called>POF</also-called>
<also-called>POI</also-called>
<also-called>Premature ovarian failure</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature ovarian failure, happens when a woman's ovaries stop working normally before she is 40.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many women naturally experience reduced fertility when they are about 40 years old. They may start getting irregular menstrual periods as they transition to menopause. For women with POI, irregular periods and reduced fertility start before the age of 40. Sometimes it can start as early as the teenage years.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;POI is different from premature &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt;. With premature menopause, your periods stop before age 40. You can no longer get pregnant. The cause can be natural or it can be a disease, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. With POI, some women still have occasional periods. They may even get pregnant.  In most cases of POI, the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In about 90% of cases, the exact cause of POI is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Research shows that POI is related to problems with the follicles. Follicles are small sacs in your ovaries. Your eggs grow and mature inside them. One type of follicle problem is that you run out of working follicles earlier than normal. Another is that the follicles are not working properly. In most cases, the cause of the follicle problem is unknown. But sometimes the cause may be:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;Genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt; such as Fragile X syndrome and Turner syndrome&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A low number of follicles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Autoimmune diseases, including thyroiditis and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html"&gt;Addison disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Chemotherapy or radiation therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;Metabolic disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toxins, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;cigarette smoke&lt;/a&gt;, chemicals, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors can raise a woman's risk of POI:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history.&lt;/strong&gt; Women who have a mother or sister with POI are more likely to have it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genes.&lt;/strong&gt; Some changes to genes and genetic conditions put women at higher risk for POI. For example, women &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html"&gt;Fragile X syndrome&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html"&gt;Turner syndrome&lt;/a&gt; are at higher risk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain diseases,&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viral infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cancer treatments,&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Younger women can get POI, but it becomes more common between the ages of 35-40.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first sign of POI is usually irregular or missed periods. Later symptoms may be similar to those of natural menopause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hot flashes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Night sweats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor concentration&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased sex drive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain during sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vaginal dryness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For many women with POI, trouble getting pregnant or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt; is the reason they go to their health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since POI causes you to have lower levels of certain hormones, you are at greater risk for other health conditions, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anxiety and depression.&lt;/strong&gt; Hormonal changes caused by POI can contribute to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt; or lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dry eye syndrome and eye surface disease.&lt;/strong&gt; Some women with POI have one of these eye conditions. Both can cause discomfort and may lead to blurred vision. If not treated, these conditions can cause permanent eye damage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heart disease.&lt;/strong&gt; Lower levels of estrogen can affect the muscles lining the arteries and can increase the buildup of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; in the arteries. These factors increase your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt; (hardening of the arteries).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infertility.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Low thyroid function.&lt;/strong&gt; This problem also is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;hypothyroidism&lt;/a&gt;. The thyroid is a gland that makes hormones that control your body's metabolism and energy level. Low levels thyroid hormones can affect your metabolism and can cause very low energy, mental sluggishness, and other symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Osteoporosis.&lt;/strong&gt; The hormone estrogen helps keep bones strong. Without enough estrogen, women with POI often develop &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;. It is a bone disease that causes weak, brittle bones that are more likely to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;break&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose POI, your health care provider may do:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A medical history,&lt;/strong&gt; including asking whether you have relatives with POI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A pregnancy test,&lt;/strong&gt; to make sure that you are not pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A physical exam,&lt;/strong&gt; to look for signs of other disorders which could be causing your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Blood tests,&lt;/strong&gt; to check for certain hormone levels. You may also have a blood test to do a chromosome analysis. A chromosome is the part of a cell that contains genetic information.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A pelvic ultrasound,&lt;/strong&gt; to see whether or not the ovaries are enlarged or have multiple follicles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) treated?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Currently, there is no proven treatment to restore normal function to a woman's ovaries.  But there are treatments for some of the symptoms of POI. There are also ways to lower your health risks and treat the conditions that POI can cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormone replacement therapy (HRT).&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;HRT&lt;/a&gt; is the most common treatment. It gives your body the estrogen and other hormones that your ovaries are not making. HRT improves sexual health and decreases the risks for heart disease and osteoporosis. You usually take it until about age 50; that's about the age when menopause usually begins.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Calcium and vitamin D supplements.&lt;/strong&gt; Because women with POI are at higher risk for osteoporosis, you should take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; every day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In vitro fertilization (IVF).&lt;/strong&gt; If you have POI and you wish to become pregnant, you may consider trying &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;IVF&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regular physical activity and a healthy body weight.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting regular exercise&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;controlling your weight&lt;/a&gt; can lower your risk for osteoporosis and heart disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Treatments for associated conditions.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have a condition that is related to POI, it is important to treat that as well. Treatments may involve medicines and hormones.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016649">Primary Ovarian Insufficiency</descriptor>
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<see-reference>Premature Ovarian Failure</see-reference>
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<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
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<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
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<site title="Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003710.htm">
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<site title="How Do Healthcare Providers Diagnose POI?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/diagnostica">
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<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm">
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<site title="Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-la-hormona-luteinizante-hl/">
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<site title="Premature ovarian failure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001163.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Primary Ovarian Insufficiency" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/primary-ovarian-insuffiency">
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<site title="What Are the Treatments for Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/tratamientos">
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<site title="What Causes Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/poi/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los accidentes son cosas que pasan. Es importante tener un botiquín de primeros auxilios disponible y también aprender a tratar heridas y lesiones." title="Primeros auxilios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html" id="1906" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; Los accidentes son cosas que pasan. Quizás una persona se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html"&gt;ahogue&lt;/a&gt; con un cubo de hielo o le &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;pique&lt;/a&gt; una abeja. Es importante saber cuándo llamar al 911. Este número es para emergencias que atentan contra la vida de una persona. Mientras espera la ayuda de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;emergencia&lt;/a&gt;, usted puede salvar la vida de alguien. La resucitación cardiopulmonar (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html"&gt;RCP&lt;/a&gt;) es para las personas cuyo corazón o cuya respiración se detienen y la maniobra de Heimlich es para las personas que se atragantan. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También se puede aprender a manejar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones y heridas&lt;/a&gt; comunes. Las cortaduras y los rasguños, por ejemplo, deben enjuagarse con agua fría. Para detener una hemorragia, presione firme pero suavemente con una gasa. Si la sangre empapa la gasa, coloque otra sobre ella sin retirar la primera que colocó. Mantenga presión en el área.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante tener un botiquín de primeros auxilios disponible. Tenga uno en casa y uno en su automóvil. El botiquín debe incluir una guía de primeros auxilios. Lea la guía para aprender a utilizar los artículos, de modo que esté listo en caso de una emergencia. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html" id="1775">Mordeduras de animales</related-topic>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="1862">Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html" id="1791">Quemaduras</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html" id="3640">Reanimación cardiopulmonar</related-topic>
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<site title="Ahogamiento: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/art-20056637?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/ART-20056637?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia: primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aprenda RCP ¡Sí, se puede!" url="http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/spanish/" language-mapped-url="http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Universidad de Washington, Facultad de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apósito líquido para laceraciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Asfixia en adulto o niño mayor de un año" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Asfixia en adultos o niños mayores de 1 año inconscientes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000051.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Asfixia en niños menores de un año" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000048.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botiquines de primeros auxilios: suministros que pueden salvar vidas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-kits/basics/art-20056673?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-kits/basics/ART-20056673?p=1">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Botiquín de primeros auxilios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001958.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botiquín de primeros auxilios" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/firstaid-kit.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choque: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/ART-20056620?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compresiones abdominales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000047.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congelación: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/art-20056653?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-frostbite/basics/ART-20056653?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortes, rasguños y rozaduras" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cuts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis convulsivas (convulsiones)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/seizure.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/seizure.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar los cortes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bleeding.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer un cabestrillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000017.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer una tablilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000040.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergencias del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000052.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enseñar a su hijo a utilizar el teléfono de emergencias (911)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/911.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/911.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de astillas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002137.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción de un anzuelo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000055.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de dificultad respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000007.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de pérdida del conocimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000022.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000022.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en casos de drogadicción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000016.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en casos de envenenamiento o intoxicación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007579.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Lesiones en los dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimiento para elaborar un cabestrillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100137_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100137_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Procedimiento para hacer una férula de mano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100142_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100142_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del llenado capilar ungueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003394.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer ante una emergencia (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/emergency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/emergency.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raspadura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007212.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Saber cuando ir al hospital" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/en-espanol/saber-cuando-ir-al-hospital" language-mapped-url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/know-when-to-go-overview">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000045.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado agudo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/acute-bleeding.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrados nasales" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrados-nasales-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nosebleeds/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000039.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock cardiógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000185.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock hipovolémico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000167.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué necesita saber en una emergencia?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/healthin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/healthin.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué necesito en mi botiquín de primeros auxilios?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-necesito-en-mi-botiquin-de-primeros-auxilios/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-do-i-need-in-my-first-aid-kit/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas de circulación de la sangre son varios y pueden ser peligrosos. Entérese aquí cuáles son y los riesgos." title="Problemas circulatorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html" id="1822" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades vasculares</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas de circulación de la sangre</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los problemas circulatorios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su sistema vascular es la red de vasos sanguíneos de su cuerpo. Incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Arterias: Transportan sangre rica en oxígeno desde su corazón a sus tejidos y órganos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Venas: Llevan la sangre y los productos de desecho de regreso a su corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Capilares: Pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan las arterias pequeñas con las venas pequeñas. Las paredes de los capilares son muy delgadas y permiten el intercambio de sustancias entre los tejidos y la sangre
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas circulatorios, también llamados enfermedades vasculares, son trastornos que afectan su sistema vascular. Son comunes y pueden ser graves. Algunos tipos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;Aneurisma&lt;/a&gt;: Ensanchamiento o abultamiento en la pared de una arteria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;Arterioesclerosis&lt;/a&gt;: Enfermedad en la que se acumula placa dentro de las arterias. La placa se compone de grasa, colesterol, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;: Incluyendo trombosis venosa profunda y embolia pulmonar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedades de las arterias carótidas&lt;/a&gt;: Afecciones que implican el estrechamiento o el bloqueo de una arteria. La causa suele ser una acumulación de placa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html"&gt;Fenómeno de Raynaud&lt;/a&gt;: Trastorno que hace que los vasos sanguíneos se estrechen cuando tiene frío o se siente estresado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;: Afección grave que ocurre cuando se detiene el flujo de sangre a su cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html"&gt;Várices&lt;/a&gt;: Venas hinchadas y retorcidas que se observan debajo de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html"&gt;Vasculitis&lt;/a&gt;: Inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas circulatorios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de los problemas circulatorios dependen de la enfermedad específica. Estas causas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del corazón como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol alto&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infección&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos, incluyendo hormonas&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces la causa es desconocida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de enfermedades vasculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades vasculares pueden variar, dependiendo de la enfermedad específica. Pero algunos de más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Edad: El riesgo de contraer algunas enfermedades aumenta a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades que pueden afectar el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; o el colesterol alto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antecedentes familiares de enfermedades vasculares o cardíacas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infección o lesión que daña las venas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falta de ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar sentado o parado por mucho tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades vasculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas para cada enfermedad son diferentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas circulatorios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y antecedentes clínicos. Además, se pueden solicitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt; o de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se tratan las enfermedades vasculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la enfermedad vascular que tenga y de su gravedad. Los tipos de tratamientos para enfermedades vasculares incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida: Como comer una dieta saludable para el corazón y hacer más ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para el colesterol&lt;/a&gt; y para disolver coágulos. En ocasiones, los profesionales de la salud aplican la medicina directamente en un vaso sanguíneo a través de un catéter &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Procedimientos no quirúrgicos: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplastía&lt;/a&gt;, colocación de stent y ablación de venas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades vasculares?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a prevenir enfermedades vasculares:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer cambios saludables en el estilo de vida: Comer una dieta saludable para el corazón y hacer más ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No fume: Si ya es fumador, hable con su proveedor de atención médica para que le ayude a encontrar la mejor manera de dejar de fumar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantenga su presión arterial y colesterol bajo control&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si tiene diabetes, controle su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trate de no estar sentado o parado durante largos períodos de tiempo: Si necesita sentarse todo el día, levántese y muévase por cerca de una hora. Si tiene un viaje largo, también puede usar medias de compresión y estirar las piernas con regularidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html" id="533" language="English">Vascular Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176">Accidente cerebrovascular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="2113">Embolia pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4084">Enfermedad arterial periférica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html" id="4064">Enfermedades de las arterias carótidas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="2120">Fenómeno de Raynaud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="2269">Trombosis venosa profunda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html" id="2218">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html" id="2217">Várices</related-topic>
<see-reference>Circulación, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Klippel-Trenaunay, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vasculares, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venas</see-reference>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón y del aparato cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon-y-del-aparato-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioedema hereditario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001456.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003799.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía mesentérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por resonancia magnética" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioma aracniforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001095.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001095.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía y stent vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioplasty" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioplastía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003327.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003327.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004006.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colitis isquémica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ischemic-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374001?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ischemic-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374001?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contractura de Volkmann" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001221.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corazón y el sistema circulatorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/heart.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando los vasos sanguíneos se deforman" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-los-vasos-sanguineos-se-deforman" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/when-blood-vessels-grow-awry">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales en caso de úlceras venosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000744.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derivación esplenorrenal distal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007647.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía dúplex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003433.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolia arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001102.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/embolization.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/embolization.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización transcatéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cathembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/cathembol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad arterial periférica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peripheral-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350563?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad vascular periférica" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/enfermedad-vascular-periferica/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/peripheral-vascular-disease/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escleroterapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sclerotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sclerotherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios y procedimientos diagnósticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/estudios-y-procedimientos-diagnosticos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diagnostic-tests-and-procedures/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación quirúrgica de un hemangioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100114_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100114_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/factores-de-riesgo-cardiovascular/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flujo sanguíneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000012.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001459.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma hepático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000243.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma hepático" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/liver-hemangioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354234?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-hemangioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354234?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión renovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000204.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhibidor de C1 esterasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003353.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003353.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000725.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia venosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000203.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia de las arterias mesentéricas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001156.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isquemia intestinal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intestinal-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373946?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Livedo reticularis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001478.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malformaciones arteriovenosas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/malformaciones-arteriovenosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/arteriovenous-malformations-and-other-vascular-lesions-central-nervous-system-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Malformación venosa (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/venous-malformations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/venous-malformations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nitratos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitratos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/nitrates/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de la vena cava superior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001097.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001097.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Servicios vasculares y cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007459.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema cardiovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klippel-Trénaunay" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12255/sindrome-de-klippel-trenaunay/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12871/sindrome-de-la-arteria-mesenterica-superior/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7712/superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sturge-Weber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del cayado aórtico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001123.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombólisis con asistencia por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thrombo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thrombo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Venography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007283.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003770.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un hemangioma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hemangioma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hemangioma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Encuentre aquí información sobre los problemas más comunes que pueden presentar los recién nacidos y bebés" title="Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5429" language="Spanish" date-created="05/27/2010">
<also-called>Enfermedades comunes de los recién nacidos</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades comunes en los bebés</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas comunes de salud de los bebés</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es un momento difícil cuando su bebé está enfermo. Los problemas de salud más comunes en los bebés incluyen resfríos, tos, fiebre y vómitos. Los bebes también puede tener problemas de piel, como sarpullido del pañal o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html"&gt;costra láctea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos de estos problemas no son serios. Es importante saber cómo ayudar a su bebé enfermo y cómo reconocer las señales de aviso de problemas más serios. Confíe en su intuición. Si está preocupada por su bebé, llame inmediatamente a un profesional de la salud. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5428" language="English">Common Infant and Newborn Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html" id="2106">Bebé prematuro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5436">Chequeo médico del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974">Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5432">Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bebés, Problemas comunes de salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Recién nacidos, Problemas comunes de salud</see-reference>
<site title="Acné del bebé" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/baby-acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20369880?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/baby-acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20369880?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Afecciones comunes de los recién nacidos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/common-conditions-in-newborns.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/Common-Conditions-in-Newborns.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alivie el dolor de la dentición de los bebés y los niños de una manera segura" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/alivie-el-dolor-de-la-denticion-de-los-bebes-y-los-ninos-de-una-manera-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-soothing-teething-pain-infants-and-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras ictericia del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000296.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Costra láctea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007582.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su bebé o lactante tenga fiebre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000319.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el llanto y los cólicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la regurgitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000754.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo dar medicina para la tos y el resfriado a los niños" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cuando-dar-medicina-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólico del lactante" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/colic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/colic.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cólicos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/colicos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/colic/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo administrarle medicamentos a su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo una visita al médico (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis del pañal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis seborreica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000963.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000963.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diástasis de rectos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001602.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos hormonales en los recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001911.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001458.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción en niños menores de 2 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003259.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre sin temor" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/fever/paginas/fever-without-fear.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fosita o papiloma preauricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003304.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y su bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ictericia en recién nacidos sanos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jaundice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jaundice.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del oído" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-oido-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ear-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llanto excesivo en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003023.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llanto y cólico" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Paginas/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanocitosis dérmica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001472.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Milios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001367.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muguet (candidiasis oral)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thrush.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thrush.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niño irritable o melindroso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003214.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómito en lactantes y en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Perlas de Epstein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001603.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plagiocefalia (síndrome de la cabeza plana)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/que-es-la-plagiocefalia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/plagiocephaly/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de eliminación o estreñimiento en bebés y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la boca en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para alimentar a lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-para-alimentar-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/feeding-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001134.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regurgitación en los bebés" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/regurgitacion-en-los-bebes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/spitting-up-in-babies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfrío común en bebés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarpullidos del bebé: Eczema o eccema" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Paginas/Infant-Rashes-Eczema.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie de la exanguinotransfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos en la piel de los recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002301.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de cabeza plana (plagiocefalia posicional)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del vómito" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/treating-vomiting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Treating-Vomiting.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vista de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vomit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vomit.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Bebé está enfermo? Cuándo buscar atención médica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos de los aspectos básicos de la salud infantil?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/afectan" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infantcare/conditioninfo/basics">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas con problemas de aprendizaje pueden tener problemas para prestar atención, hablar, leer o escribir y para las matemáticas. Más aquí." title="Problemas de aprendizaje" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html" id="2001" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Discapacidades del aprendizaje</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un problema del aprendizaje?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas o trastornos del aprendizaje afectan la capacidad de aprender. Pueden causar problemas con:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comprender lo que las personas dicen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Hablar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Leer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escribir&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Resolver problemas matemáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poner atención&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los niños tienen más de un tipo de trastorno del aprendizaje. También pueden tener otra afección, como el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;TDHA&lt;/a&gt;), que puede hacer más difícil el aprender.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas del aprendizaje?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas del aprendizaje no se relacionan con la inteligencia. Son causados por diferencias en la estructura del cerebro y afectan la forma en que el cerebro procesa la información. En general, estas diferencias están presentes desde el nacimiento. Algunos de los factores que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de un trastorno del aprendizaje incluyen la genética, exposición a sustancias en el ambiente (como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;plomo&lt;/a&gt;) y problemas durante el embarazo (como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;abuso de sustancias cuando la mamá está embarazada&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas del aprendizaje?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuanto antes pueda encontrar y tratar un trastorno de aprendizaje, mejor. Sin embargo, los trastornos del aprendizaje generalmente no se reconocen hasta que un niño comienza la escuela. Si nota que su hijo tiene dificultades, hable con el maestro de su hijo o con su proveedor de atención médica para realizar una evaluación y detectar si existe un trastorno del aprendizaje. La evaluación puede incluir un examen médico, conversar sobre su historia familiar y pruebas de rendimiento intelectual y escolar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas del aprendizaje?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento más común para las discapacidades de aprendizaje es la educación especial. Un profesor u otro especialista del aprendizaje puede ayudar a su hijo a aprender a enfocarse en sus puntos fuertes y encontrar formas de compensar sus puntos débiles. Los educadores pueden ofrecer métodos especiales de enseñanza, realizar cambios en el aula o utilizar tecnologías que pueden ayudar a las necesidades de aprendizaje de su hijo. En ocasiones, los tutores o terapeutas del habla o del lenguaje también trabajan con los niños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un niño con una discapacidad de aprendizaje puede tener problemas de baja autoestima, frustración y otras dificultades. Los profesionales de salud mental pueden ayudar a su hijo a comprender estos sentimientos, ayudarles a aprender a manejar estas situaciones y crear relaciones sanas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su hijo tiene otra afección como TDAH, también necesitará tratamientos para ese trastorno.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html" id="306" language="English">Learning Disabilities</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="1762">Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="1850">Trastornos del desarrollo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aprendizaje, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dislexia</see-reference>
<site title="Comprensión de la dislexia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dyslexia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dyslexia.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo solicitar una evaluación de su niño" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/carta-evaluacion/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decodificando la dislexia: Cómo ayudar a los niños con dificultades para leer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/decodificando-la-dislexia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/02/decoding-dyslexia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidades del aprendizaje" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidades del aprendizaje: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disgrafia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001543.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de aprendizaje" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/learning-disabilities.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/learning-disabilities.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de aprendizaje" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/problemas-de-aprendizaje" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/learning-disabilities">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Programas de educación individualizados (IEP por sus siglas en inglés)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobre de la lectura y los trastornos de la lectura" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/reading/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/reading/conditioninfo/disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome 47, XYY" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12242/sindrome-47-xyy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Aarskog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001654.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de problemas de aprendizaje" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/learning-disabilities/paginas/types-of-learning-problems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/learning-disabilities/Pages/Types-of-Learning-Problems.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de las matemáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001534.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del desarrollo de la lectura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001406.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del aprendizaje: Infórmate sobre los signos y cómo ayudar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/learning-disorders/art-20046105?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/learning-disorders/art-20046105?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos signos de las discapacidades del aprendizaje?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/indicadores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/signs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son tratamientos para las discapacidades del aprendizaje?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostican las discapacidades del aprendizaje?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa las discapacidades del aprendizaje?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/learning/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Seguir el ritmo en la escuela? Identificar problemas de aprendizaje" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/seguir-el-ritmo-en-la-escuela" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/special-collections/parenting/keeping-up-school">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si su niño tiene un problema de audición, es importante considerar el uso de audífonos y otras opciones de comunicación. Más sobre tipos de problemas aquí." title="Problemas de audición en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3694" language="Spanish" date-created="02/20/2004">
<also-called>Problemas para oír en niños</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los niños puede oír desde el momento del nacimiento. Aprenden a hablar por imitación de los sonidos que escuchan a su alrededor y de las voces de sus padres y las personas que los cuidan. Pero aproximadamente dos o tres de cada 1.000 niños en los Estados Unidos nacen sordos o con dificultades auditivas. Otros pierden la audición más tarde durante la niñez.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los bebés deben someterse a pruebas auditivas antes de cumplir un mes de edad. Si su niño tiene un problema de audición, es importante considerar el uso de audífonos y otras opciones de comunicación antes de los seis meses de edad. Esto es porque los niños comienzan a aprender el lenguaje mucho antes de hablar. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas auditivos pueden ser temporales o permanentes. Algunas veces, las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de oído&lt;/a&gt;, las lesiones o las enfermedades pueden afectar el oído mismo. Si su hijo no oye bien, busque ayuda .&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3693" language="English">Hearing Problems in Children</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html" id="5217">Audífonos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html" id="5215">Implantes cocleares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939">Problemas de la audición y sordera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137">Tecnología asistencial</related-topic>
<see-reference>Audición en niños, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Chicos, Problemas de audición</see-reference>
<site title="Acueductos vestibulares dilatados y la pérdida de audición en los niños" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/acueductos-vestibulares-dilatados-y-la-perdida-de-audicion-en-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/enlarged-vestibular-aqueducts-and-childhood-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atresia aural (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aural-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aural-atresia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Audición y la cóclea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audiometría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Auriculares tipo tapón" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/earbuds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/earbuds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia auditiva (hipoacusia) en niños" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-de-los-o%C3%ADdos,-la-nariz-y-la-garganta-en-ni%C3%B1os/deficiencia-auditiva-hipoacusia-en-ni%C3%B1os">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demasiado ruido. Demasiado tiempo" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/padres/ninos-habitos-audicion-saludable/demasiado-ruido-demasiado-tiempo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del desarrollo de la audición y la comunicación del bebé" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-de-la-audicion-y-la-comunicacion-del-bebe" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/your-babys-hearing-and-communicative-development-checklist">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluando la audición del bebé" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/evaluando-la-audicion-del-bebe" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/testing-baby-s-hearing">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003340.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007322.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir al audiólogo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hearing-test.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hearing-test.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones de oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-injuries.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Música fuerte, ¿puede dañarte los oídos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rock-music.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rock-music.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía auditiva" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/neuropatia-auditiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/auditory-neuropathy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicidad (toxidad auditiva) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ototoxicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ototoxicity.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ears.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de audición en  niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/problemas-de-audicion-en-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/hearing-problems-in-children.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de audición a su bebé y los siguientes pasos" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/prueba-audicion-bebe-y-siguientes-pasos">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de audición" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hear.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de audición para niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-ninos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-children/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de audición infantil" url="https://www.asha.org/siteassets/ais/ais-hearing-loss-childhood-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sigue escuchando el ritmo" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/ninos-preadolescentes/sigue-escuchando-el-ritmo">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Subtítulos para las personas sordas y con problemas de audición" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/subtitulos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/caption.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Pendred" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sindrome-de-pendred" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/pendred-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tecnología asistencial: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del procesamiento auditivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-auditory.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-auditory.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus oídos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ears.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viaje al interior del oído" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OD4CAz7qf4w&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g&amp;index=25" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCuoRlergt8&amp;index=10&amp;t=0s&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo proteger la audición?" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/ninos-preadolescentes/como-proteger-tu-audicion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo sabré si mi hijo oye mal?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/trouble-hearing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/trouble-hearing.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué debemos enseñar a los niños sobre la pérdida de audición causada por el ruido?" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/padres/ninos-habitos-audicion-saludable/porque-ensenar-ninos-perdida-audicion-inducida-ruido">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="​Pérdida de la audición en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Paginas/hearing-loss.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Al lastimarse, su cuerpo forma un coágulo de sangre para detener el sangrado o hemorragia. Pero si tiene un problema de coagulación, esto puede no suceder." title="Problemas de coagulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html" id="2231" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas de coagulación de la sangre</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, si se lastima, su cuerpo forma un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo de sangre&lt;/a&gt; para detener la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;hemorragia&lt;/a&gt;. Para que la sangre coagule, el organismo necesita células llamadas plaquetas y proteínas conocidas como factores de coagulación. Si tiene un trastorno de coagulación, significa que no tiene suficientes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;plaquetas&lt;/a&gt; o factores de coagulación o éstos no funcionan como deberían. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de coagulación pueden ocurrir por otras enfermedades, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades hepáticas&lt;/a&gt; severas o falta de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html"&gt;vitamina K&lt;/a&gt;. También pueden ser hereditarios. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html"&gt;hemofilia&lt;/a&gt; es un trastorno de coagulación hereditario. Los trastornos de la coagulación también pueden ser causados por un efecto secundario de ciertas medicinas, como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Diversos análisis de sangre pueden detectar un trastorno de la coagulación. También se le realizará un examen físico y de historia médica. Los tratamientos dependen de la causa. Pueden incluir medicamentos y transfusiones de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;sangre&lt;/a&gt;, plaquetas o factor de coagulación.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html" id="166" language="English">Bleeding Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" id="4862">Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html" id="3116">Hemofilia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html" id="6040">Hemorragia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html" id="6038">Sangre</related-topic>
<see-reference>Coagulación, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enfermedad de von Willebrand</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trombocitopenia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Von Willebrand, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de los sangrados por deficiencia de vitamina K" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/es/about/acerca-de-los-sangrados-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-k.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/about/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca de los trastornos hemorrágicos en las mujeres" url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/es/about/acerca-de-los-trastornos-hemorragicos-en-las-mujeres.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/about/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de productos de la degradación de la fibrina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003655.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Actividad del factor VIII" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-factor8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-factor8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Actividad del factor von Willebrand (vWF) - cofactor ristocetina" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-vwf.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tiempo de protrombina (TP)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-pt.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-pt.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tiempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-ptt.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor II (protombina)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003674.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor V" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003675.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor VII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003676.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003676.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor X" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003680.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor XII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003681.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003681.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000573.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia congénita de fibrinógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001313.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de protrombina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000549.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000549.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia del factor V" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000550.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000550.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia del factor VII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000548.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia del factor X" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000553.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia del factor XII (factor de Hageman)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000545.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencias poco comunes de factores de la coagulación" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/es/centros-de-aprendizaje/deficiencias-poco-comunes-de-factores-de-la-coagulacion/" language-mapped-url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/rare-clotting-factor-deficiencies/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de von Willebrand" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13091/enfermedad-de-von-willebrand/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de von Willebrand" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000544.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fibrinógeno en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003650.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federación Mundial de Hemofilia" url="https://wfh.org/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.wfh.org">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinopéptido A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003373.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrinólisis primaria o secundaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000577.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematomas y sangrado" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/coagulaci%C3%B3n-de-la-sangre/hematomas-y-sangrado" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/blood-clotting-process/bruising-and-bleeding">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipercoagulación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hipercoagulabilidad-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hypercoagulation/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proceso de coagulación de la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de VPM" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-vpm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mpv-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tiempo de protrombina e INR (TP/INR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiempo-de-protrombina-e-inr-tpinr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prothrombin-time-test-and-inr-ptinr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del dímero D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-dimero-d/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/d-dimer-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de los factores de la coagulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-los-factores-de-la-coagulacion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/coagulation-factor-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/purpura-trombocitopenica-idiopatica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado dentro de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003235.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado por deficiencia de vitamina K en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007320.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas de los trastornos hemorrágicos en las mujeres" url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/es/signs-symptoms/signos-y-sintomas-de-los-trastornos-hemorragicos-en-las-mujeres.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000837.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000837.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo de protrombina (TP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003652.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo de sangría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003656.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo parcial de tromboplastina (TPT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003653.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transfusiones de sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/transfusions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/transfusions.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos hemorrágicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001304.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001304.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos hemorrágicos" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bleeding-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bleeding-disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las deficiencias poco comunes de factores de la coagulación?" url="https://www1.wfh.org/publications/files/pdf-1338.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/rare-clotting-factor-deficiencies/#rare_clotting_factor_deficiencies">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Ha tenido mareos o ha sentido que la habitación da vueltas? Puede ser un síntoma de problema de equilibrio. Entérese sobre otros síntomas y diagnóstico." title="Problemas de equilibrio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html" id="5954" language="Spanish" date-created="02/08/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;¿Se ha sentido &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareado&lt;/a&gt;, aturdido o como si la habitación estuviera dando vueltas a su alrededor? Si esta sensación le sucede a menudo, puede ser un signo de un problema de equilibrio. Los problemas de equilibrio pueden hacer que usted se sienta inestable. También puede tener visión borrosa, confusión y desorientación. Es una causa de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt; y lesiones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fractura&lt;/a&gt; de cadera.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos problemas de equilibrio se deben a problemas en el oído interno, otros pueden estar relacionados con diferentes partes del cuerpo como el cerebro o el corazón. El envejecimiento, las infecciones, las lesiones en la cabeza, ciertos medicamentos o alteraciones en la circulación de la sangre pueden causar problemas de equilibrio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante consultar a un médico si tiene problemas de equilibrio. Estos pueden ser señales de otros problemas de salud, como una infección de oído o un derrame cerebral. Su médico puede referirlo a un especialista para el diagnóstico. Es posible que necesite una prueba de audición, análisis de sangre o estudios de imagen de la cabeza y el cerebro. Otras pruebas posibles observarán sus movimientos oculares, y cómo su cuerpo responde al movimiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, el tratamiento de la enfermedad que está causando el desorden le ayudará con el problema de equilibrio. Los ejercicios, un cambio en la dieta y algunos medicamentos también pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html" id="5953" language="English">Balance Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Equilibrio, Problemas</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo funciona el sistema de equilibrio" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/how_does_the_balance_system_work_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003093.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareos y el equilibrio" url="https://www.asha.org/siteassets/uploadedFiles/Los-mareos-y-el-equilibrio.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/AIS-Dizziness-Balance.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mareos y problemas de equilibrio en los niños" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mareos-y-problemas-de-equilibrio-en-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/03/dizziness-balance-problems-kids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuritis vestibular" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/neuritis_vestibular_spinsh.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicidad (toxidad auditiva) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ototoxicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ototoxicity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de equilibrio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/balance-problems/symptoms-causes/syc-20350474?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de equilibrio: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/balance-problems/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350477?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y procedimientos de diagnóstico neurológico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/pruebas-y-procedimientos-de-diagnostico-neurologico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/neurological-diagnostic-tests-and-procedures-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobrellevar los mareos: Obtener ayuda para un trastorno del equilibrio" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sobrellevar-los-mareos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/11/dealing-dizziness">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos asociados con el vértigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001432.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del equilibrio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/balance-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/balance-disorders.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo y problemas del oído interno" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/trauma_and_inner_ear_problems_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es sensibilidad al espacio y al movimiento?" url="https://www.neuropt.org/docs/vsig-spanish-pt-fact-sheets/space_and_motion_sensitivity_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un trastorno del equilibrio?" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/trastornos-del-equilibrio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/balance-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es frustrante no poder escuchar bien y disfrutar de una charla o conversación. Entérese sobre causas y tratamientos para la sordera y problemas auditivos  " title="Problemas de la audición y sordera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas para oír</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es frustrante no poder escuchar bien como para poder disfrutar de una charla con amigos o con la familia. Los trastornos de la audición dificultan escuchar, pero no lo hacen imposible. Muchas veces mejoran con ayuda. La sordera puede impedir totalmente que escuche.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;¿Qué causa la pérdida de audición? Algunas posibilidades son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Antecedentes familiares &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedades como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de oído&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Trauma &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Algunas medicinas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Exponerse mucho tiempo a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html"&gt;ruidos&lt;/a&gt;  fuertes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Envejecimiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen dos tipos principales de pérdida de audición. Uno ocurre cuando hay una lesión en el oído interno o en el nervio auditivo. Este tipo es usualmente permanente. El otro tipo ocurre cuando las ondas de sonido no pueden llegar al oído interno. Eso puede producirse por acumulación de cera o líquido o por la perforación del tímpano. Tratamiento o cirugía pueden revertir este tipo de pérdida de la audición.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando los problemas auditivos no se tratan, pueden empeorar. Si tiene problemas con la audición puede obtener ayuda. Entre los posibles tratamientos se incluyen el uso de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html"&gt;audífonos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html"&gt;implantes cocleares&lt;/a&gt;, capacitación especial, algunas medicinas y cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204" language="English">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html" id="5217">Audífonos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html" id="2263">Enfermedad de Ménière</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html" id="5215">Implantes cocleares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3694">Problemas de audición en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html" id="2055">Ruido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137">Tecnología asistencial</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html" id="2198">Tinnitus</related-topic>
<see-reference>Audición y sordera, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Escuchar, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oír, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sordera</see-reference>
<site title="Alto y claro: Qué se debe saber sobre la pérdida de la audición" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/alto-y-claro-que-se-debe-saber-sobre-la-perdida-de-la-audicion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/loud-and-clear-what-to-know-about-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audición y la cóclea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audición, infecciones del oído y sordera" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/audicion-infecciones-del-oido-y-sordera">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Audiometría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Audífonos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Auriculares tipo tapón" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/earbuds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/earbuds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los sentidos con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004013.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comer bien puede disminuir la pérdida de audición en las mujeres" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/comer-bien-puede-disminuir-la-perdida-de-audicion-en-las">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para mantener el nivel de ruido más bajo en el hogar" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/padres/que-pueden-hacer-los-padres/mantener-ruido-bajo-hogar">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación calórica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003340.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablarle a alguien con hipoacusia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000361.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003044.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia ocupacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001048.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia relacionada con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001045.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia y la música" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000495.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Implantes cocleares: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="La sordera no es una carga" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-sordera-no-es-una-carga" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/deafness-is-not-a-burden">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía auditiva" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/neuropatia-auditiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/auditory-neuropathy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión por cerumen" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/earwax-blockage/symptoms-causes/syc-20353004?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/earwax-blockage/symptoms-causes/syc-20353004?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001036.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otosclerosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/otosclerosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/otosclerosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ototoxicidad (toxidad auditiva) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ototoxicity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ototoxicity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de audición" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-audicion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/hearing-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protectores de oídos para un mundo ruidoso" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/noisyplanet/files/Documents/Publications/protectores-de-oidos-para-un-mundo-ruidoso.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de audición para adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-adultos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-adults/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida auditiva (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hearing-loss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hearing-loss.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de audición relacionada con la edad" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/perdida-de-audicion-relacionada-con-la-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/age-related-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/symptoms-causes/syc-20373072?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/symptoms-causes/syc-20373072?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición inducida por el ruido" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/perdida-de-audicion-inducida-por-el-ruido" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición inducida por el ruido" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/perdida-auditiva-inducida-por-ruido-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/noise-induced-hearing-loss/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición relacionada al trabajo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/topics/oido.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta auditiva provocada del tronco encefálico (BAER)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003926.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seis maneras de comunicarse mejor al usar una mascarilla" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-maneras-de-comunicarse-mejor-al-usar-una-mascarilla" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-ways-to-communicate-better-while-you-wear-a-mask">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sordera neurosensorial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003291.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sordera súbita" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sordera-subita" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/sudden-deafness">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Subtitulado opcional en televisión" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/subtitulado-opcional-en-television" language-mapped-url="https://www.fcc.gov/guides/closed-captioning">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subtítulos para las personas sordas y con problemas de audición" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/subtitulos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/caption.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Alport" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000504.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Waardenburg" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001428.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tecnología asistencial: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipo, grado y configuración de la  pérdida de audición" url="https://www.asha.org/siteassets/ais/ais-type-degree-and-configuration-of-hearing-loss-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratar la pérdida auditiva para ayudar a la salud del cerebro" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tratar-la-perdida-auditiva-para-ayudar-a-la-salud-del" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/treating-hearing-loss-help-brain-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trauma acústico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001061.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viaje al interior del oído" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OD4CAz7qf4w&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g&amp;index=25" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCuoRlergt8&amp;index=10&amp;t=0s&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con hipoacusia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000360.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuán fuerte es demasiado fuerte?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyT2gD3gjOs&amp;index=23&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgwD3S8bzak&amp;index=12&amp;t=0s&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesita una prueba de audición? Preguntas interactivas" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/necesita-una-prueba-de-audicion-preguntas-interactivas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/do-you-need-hearing-test">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas de la sangre afectan una o varias partes de ésta e impiden que cumpla su función. Infórmese" title="Problemas de la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html" id="3647" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<also-called>Problemas hematológicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html"&gt;sangre&lt;/a&gt; es tejido vivo formado por líquidos y sólidos. La parte líquida, llamada plasma, contiene agua, sales y proteínas. Más de la mitad del cuerpo es plasma. La parte sólida de la sangre contiene glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de la sangre afectan una o varias partes de ésta e impiden que cumpla su función. Pueden ser crónicos o agudos. Muchos trastornos sanguíneos son hereditarios. Otras causas pueden ser otras enfermedades, efectos secundarios de algún medicamento y la falta de ciertos nutrientes en la dieta. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos tipos de problemas de la sangre son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas plaquetarios&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;coagulación excesiva&lt;/a&gt; y otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;coagulación excesiva&lt;/a&gt;, que afectan la coagulación &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;, que ocurre cuando la sangre no lleva suficiente oxígeno a su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cánceres sanguíneos como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;leucemia&lt;/a&gt;, y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html"&gt;mieloma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicdisorders.html"&gt;Desórdenes eosinofílicos&lt;/a&gt;, que son problemas con un tipo de glóbulos blancos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html" id="3646" language="English">Blood Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html" id="1743">Anemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicdisorders.html" id="4590">Desórdenes eosinofílicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html" id="1947">Hemocromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html" id="3116">Hemofilia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html" id="6040">Hemorragia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html" id="5902">Incompatibilidad Rh</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html" id="5621">Leucemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html" id="2006">Leucemia en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html" id="2231">Problemas de coagulación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html" id="3647">Problemas de la sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html" id="6038">Sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html" id="4240">Talasemia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1778">Transfusión y donación de sangre</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sangre, Problemas</see-reference>
<site title="Agranulocitosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001295.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo bajo de glóbulos blancos y el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000675.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos blancos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003643.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003644.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003642.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Criohemoglobinuria paroxística (CHP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000557.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crisis hemolítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003270.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Determinación del grupo sanguíneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003345.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003639.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eliptocitosis hereditaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000563.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la hemoglobina C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000572.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001298.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de la hemoglobina C, S-C y E" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/anemia/enfermedades-de-la-hemoglobina-c-s-c-y-e" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/hemoglobin-c-s-c-and-e-diseases">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de las cadenas pesadas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-de-las-c%C3%A9lulas-plasm%C3%A1ticas/enfermedades-de-las-cadenas-pesadas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/plasma-cell-disorders/heavy-chain-diseases">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eosinofilia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/eosinophilia/basics/definition/sym-20050752?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/eosinophilia/basics/definition/SYM-20050752?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esferocitosis hereditaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hereditary-spherocytosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hereditary-spherocytosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con azul de metileno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003412.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de diferencial sanguíneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003657.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de Donath-Landsteiner" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003668.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de haptoglobina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003634.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobina libre en el suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003677.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003677.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemólisis en sacarosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003673.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003673.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la fragilidad osmótica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003641.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre del cordón umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003403.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003665.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gamapatía monoclonal de significado incierto" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12572/gamapatia-monoclonal-de-significado-incierto/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hematocrito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003646.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003645.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003645.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobinopatía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001291.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000534.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfocitosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/lymphocytosis/basics/definition/sym-20050660?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/lymphocytosis/basics/definition/SYM-20050660?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus y el corazón, los pulmones y la sangre" url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/como-afecta-el-lupus-al-corazon-y-la-circulacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/how-lupus-affects-the-heart-and-circulation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metahemoglobinemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000562.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metahemoglobinemia adquirida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000561.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra capilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003427.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neutropenia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/neutropenia/basics/definition/sym-20050854?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/neutropenia/basics/definition/SYM-20050854?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neutropenia en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007230.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ovalocitosis hereditaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000566.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Policitemia: Recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000536.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Policromatofilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001318.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001318.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cariotipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Coombs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003344.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de haptoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-haptoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/haptoglobin-hp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003422.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuento bajo de glóbulos blancos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/sym-20050615?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/SYM-20050615?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuento de glóbulos rojos alto" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/high-red-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/sym-20050858?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/high-red-blood-cell-count/basics/definition/SYM-20050858?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de transfusión gemelo a gemelo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001595.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de los trastornos de la sangre" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/s%C3%ADntomas-y-diagn%C3%B3stico-de-los-trastornos-de-la-sangre/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-de-la-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/symptoms-and-diagnosis-of-blood-disorders/symptoms-of-blood-disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de las células plasmáticas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-de-las-c%C3%A9lulas-plasm%C3%A1ticas/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-las-c%C3%A9lulas-plasm%C3%A1ticas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/plasma-cell-disorders/overview-of-plasma-cell-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de los glóbulos blancos (leucocitos)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-los-gl%C3%B3bulos-blancos-leucocitos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/white-blood-cell-disorders/overview-of-white-blood-cell-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venopunción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003423.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índices de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003648.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una articulación es donde se unen dos o más huesos. Las articulaciones pueden dañarse por muchos tipos de lesiones o enfermedades. Infórmese." title="Problemas de las articulaciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jointdisorders.html" id="4622" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las articulaciones?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las articulaciones son donde se unen dos o más huesos. Sus hombros, codos, caderas, rodillas y nudillos son articulaciones. Su columna también tiene articulaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero las articulaciones son más que huesos. Incluyen los tejidos blandos que los rodean, como cartílagos, tendones y ligamentos. El cartílago es el tejido flexible, duro y resbaladizo que cubre los extremos de los huesos en una articulación. Los tendones son bandas resistentes y flexibles que conectan los músculos con los huesos para que pueda mover las articulaciones. Los ligamentos conectan los huesos de la articulación entre sí para mantenerlos estables cuando se mueve.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos articulares?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos articulares son enfermedades o lesiones que afectan sus articulaciones. Las lesiones pueden ocurrir debido al uso excesivo de una articulación; o puede sufrir una lesión repentina, como un accidente o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;lesión deportiva&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué enfermedades pueden afectar las articulaciones?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas enfermedades pueden afectar las articulaciones. A menudo, causan dolor en las articulaciones y provocan rigidez, enrojecimiento e hinchazón. La mayoría de ellas son crónicos, es decir, duran mucho tiempo. Es posible que algunas nunca desaparezcan por completo. Algunas de las enfermedades que afectan las articulaciones incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;Artritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede causar dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Hay muchos tipos de esta enfermedad. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt; es la más común. Con el tiempo, la artritis puede causar graves daños en las articulaciones. Puede afectar a personas de todas las edades. Una lesión en la articulación cuando joven puede causar osteoartritis más adelante en la vida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;Lupus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedad autoinmune&lt;/a&gt; afecta a muchas partes del cuerpo y puede causar dolor articular y muscular. Algunos tipos de lupus suelen causar artritis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome de Sjögren&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta enfermedad autoinmune afecta las glándulas que producen humedad en muchas partes del cuerpo. Los síntomas principales son sequedad en los ojos y la boca, pero a menudo también causa dolor en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos dependen de la enfermedad. Pero la mayoría de los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos y terapias para aliviar el dolor y otros síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de problemas de las articulaciones se producen por lesiones repentinas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de las articulaciones por lesiones repentinas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Los esguinces son ligamentos estirados o desgarrados. Las distensiones agudas son músculos o tendones estirados o desgarrados que ocurren por una lesión o movimiento repentino, como levantar un objeto pesado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Una articulación se disloca cuando los huesos son desplazados o se sacan de su posición. Una dislocación articular es una emergencia médica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tipo de lesión. Puede tratar muchas lesiones deportivas en casa. Pero debe llamar a su profesional de la salud si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene mucho dolor, hinchazón o entumecimiento en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No puede poner peso sobre la articulación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene dolor debido a una lesión anterior con más hinchazón, una articulación inestable o una articulación que no parece normal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de problemas de las articulaciones ocurren por uso excesivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones por uso excesivo suelen dañar los tejidos blandos de la articulación. Pueden suceder cuando una articulación trabaja demasiado al hacer los mismos movimientos una y otra vez. Por ejemplo, podría sufrir una lesión por uso excesivo al tocar un instrumento musical, practicar deportes o realizar ciertos trabajos, como carpintería o pintura.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones por uso excesivo de las articulaciones incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: La bursa es un pequeño saco lleno de líquido. Funciona como una almohadilla entre los huesos de una articulación y las partes móviles que la rodean, como los músculos, los tendones y la piel. En la bursitis, la bolsa se irrita y se hincha con el exceso de líquido. El uso excesivo es la causa más común, pero las lesiones, infecciones y otras afecciones, como la artritis, pueden causarla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta afección ocurre cuando hace un uso excesivo de un tendón. Se hincha y causa dolor al moverla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Distensión crónica&lt;/strong&gt;: Una distensión se vuelve crónica cuando sus músculos o tendones se estiran o desgarran lentamente con el tiempo al repetir los mismos movimientos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para la bursitis, la tendinitis y la distensión crónica suelen ser los mismos. Por lo general, incluyen reposo, mantener la articulación elevada por encima del corazón y tomar medicamentos para reducir la hinchazón. Su profesional de la salud puede recomendarle ejercicio suave y otros tratamientos. En algunos casos, su proveedor puede sugerir una inyección de medicamento en la articulación (infiltración). Si estos no ayudan, es posible que necesite cirugía.
      
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo mantener saludables mis articulaciones?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hacer suficiente &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física&lt;/a&gt; es una de las cosas más importantes que puede hacer para prevenir o retrasar los problemas de las articulaciones. Esto fortalece los músculos alrededor de las articulaciones y les ayuda a trabajar mejor.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Cuando practique deportes, use el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html"&gt;equipo adecuado&lt;/a&gt; para proteger sus articulaciones, como rodilleras. Si ya tiene problemas en las articulaciones, pregúntele a su profesional de la salud qué tipo de actividades son las mejores para usted.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/">
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<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Análisis del líquido sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003629.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Articulaciones hipermóviles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003295.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003295.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
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<site title="Artrogriposis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/arthrogryposis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/arthrogryposis.html">
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<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
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<site title="Artroscopia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/arthroscopy/about/pac-20392974?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en huesos, músculos y articulaciones por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Dolor articular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003261.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003261.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<site title="Dolor articular: Dolor que afecta a varias articulaciones" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-los-huesos-articulaciones-y-m%C3%BAsculos/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-musculoesquel%C3%A9ticos/dolor-articular-dolor-que-afecta-a-varias-articulaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/symptoms-of-musculoskeletal-disorders/joint-pain-many-joints">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Hinchazón articular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003262.htm">
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<site title="Hipotiroidismo: ¿Provoca dolor articular?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/faq-20057789?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/expert-answers/hypothyroidism/FAQ-20057789?p=1">
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</site>
<site title="Huesos, los músculos y las articulaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
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<site title="Huesos, los músculos y las articulaciones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bones-muscles-joints.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones (aspiraciones) articulares" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones de cortisona" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
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<site title="Inyecciones en las articulaciones y en los tejidos blandos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección de esteroides: Tendón, bolsa, articulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007678.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteocondritis disecante" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteochondritis-dissecans/symptoms-causes/syc-20375887?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteochondritis-dissecans/symptoms-causes/syc-20375887?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas en los huesos y en las articulaciones relacionados con la diabetes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/art-20049314?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes/ART-20049314?p=1">
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<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de una articulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rango de movimiento limitado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003173.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003173.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
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<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
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<site title="Salud de las articulaciones" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/recursos-de-salud-para-la-comunidad/salud-de-las-articulaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/community-outreach-initiative/understanding-joint-health">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Servicios ortopédicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007455.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si usted tiene diabetes, sus niveles de azúcar (o glucosa) en la sangre son demasiado altos. Con el tiempo, esto puede dañar sus ojos. Infórmese." title="Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1853" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas de la visión relacionados con la diabetes</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas oftalmológicos en personas con diabetes</also-called>
<also-called>Retinopatía diabética</also-called>
<also-called>Vista y diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt; es una afección en la que los niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa&lt;/a&gt; o azúcar en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa entre a las células.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce ni usa bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa se acumula en la sangre y provoca niveles altos de azúcar en sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas a los ojos puede causar la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, los niveles altos de azúcar en sangre pueden dañar los vasos sanguíneos y los cristalinos (lentes) de los ojos. Esto puede causar problemas oculares graves en los diabéticos que pueden &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;dañar su visión y, en ocasiones, causar ceguera&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos problemas oculares comunes de la diabetes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Retinopatía diabética&lt;/strong&gt;: Principal causa de ceguera en adultos estadounidenses. Afecta los vasos sanguíneos de la retina (la capa de tejido sensible a la luz en la parte posterior del ojo). Los vasos sanguíneos pueden hincharse y filtrar líquido al ojo. Si no se trata, puede causar problemas graves como pérdida de la visión y desprendimiento de retina, en la cual la retina se separa de su posición normal en la parte posterior del ojo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edema macular diabético&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando los vasos sanguíneos de la retina filtran líquido hacia la mácula (parte de la retina necesaria para una visión central aguda). En general, se desarrolla en personas que ya tienen otros signos de retinopatía diabética&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html"&gt;Glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Grupo de enfermedades oculares que pueden dañar el nervio óptico (el conjunto de nervios que conecta el ojo con el cerebro). El glaucoma por diabetes ocurre cuando los vasos sanguíneos de la parte frontal del ojo están dañados y crecen nuevos vasos sanguíneos cerca del iris (la parte de color del ojo). Los vasos sanguíneos bloquean el espacio por donde sale líquido del ojo, acumulándose y aumentando la presión dentro del ojo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;Cataratas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurren cuando el cristalino transparente en la parte frontal del ojo se vuelve opaco. Las cataratas son comunes a medida que las personas envejecen. Pero las personas con diabetes tienen más probabilidades de tener cataratas más jóvenes y más rápido que quienes no tienen diabetes. Los investigadores creen que los niveles altos de glucosa hacen que se acumulen depósitos en el cristalino de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona con diabetes puede desarrollar una enfermedad ocular diabética. Pero su riesgo de desarrollarlo es mayor si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido diabetes durante mucho tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No tiene un buen control de su nivel alto de azúcar en sangre o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Está &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol alto&lt;/a&gt; en sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fuma tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las primeras etapas, los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes generalmente no presentan síntomas. Es por eso que los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html"&gt;exámenes&lt;/a&gt; regulares de los ojos con dilatación de pupilas son tan importantes, incluso si cree que sus ojos están sanos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También debe estar atento a los cambios repentinos en su visión, ya que podrían ser una emergencia. Llame a su profesional de la salud de inmediato si nota alguno de estos síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Muchos puntos nuevos o hilos ondulados oscuros que flotan en su visión (llamados flotadores)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Destellos de luz&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una sombra oscura sobre parte de su visión, como una cortina&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Pérdida de la visión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor o enrojecimiento de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hable con su profesional de la salud si tiene estos síntomas, incluso si aparecen y desaparecen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Manchas o hilos ondulados oscuros que flotan en su visión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Visión borrosa u ondulada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Visión que cambia mucho&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Problemas para ver los colores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los oftalmólogos realizan exámenes de ojos con dilatación de pupilas para diagnosticar problemas oculares. Este examen usa gotas para los ojos para abrir las pupilas de manera que su profesional de la salud pueda buscar signos de problemas oculares y tratarlos antes de que dañen su visión. El proveedor también examinará su visión y medirá la presión en sus ojos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes depende del problema y de su gravedad. Algunos de los tratamientos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Láseres para evitar que los vasos sanguíneos goteen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inyecciones en el ojo para detener el crecimiento de vasos sanguíneos nuevos y con fugas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Cirugía para extraer sangre y tejido cicatricial o reemplazar un cristalino turbio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gotas para los ojos para reducir la presión del líquido en el ojo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, estos tratamientos no son una cura. Los problemas oculares pueden reaparecer. Por eso, su mejor defensa contra la pérdida grave de la visión es controlar su diabetes y hacerse exámenes oculares con regularidad. También es importante mantener la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt; en un rango saludable.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1340" language="English">Diabetic Eye Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes y ojos, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojos y diabetes, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Visión y diabetes</see-reference>
<site title="Angiografía con fluoresceína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003846.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre exámenes y pruebas de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los ojos en caso de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000078.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000078.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los ojos y la visión: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y enfermedad ocular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001212.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001212.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes: Condiciones retinales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000040.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad diabética del ojo en los hispanos/latinos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/nehep-pdfs/NEI_OjoInfographic_Span.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades diabéticas del ojo" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-eye-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes oftalmológicos por la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000323.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000323.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fotocoagulación con láser del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007664.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007664.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección intravítrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007629.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recursos sobre las enfermedades diabéticas del ojo" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/campanas-de-difusion-y-recursos/recursos-sobre-las-enfermedades-diabeticas-del-ojo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/diabetes/content/english/doyouknow">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000106.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinopatía diabética" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/retinopatia-diabetica">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Si tiene diabetes, siga estos consejos para prevenir la pérdida de la visión" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/Si-tiene-diabetes-siga-estos-consejos-prevenir-perdida-vision.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-06/Stay-on-TRACK-To-Prevent-Blindness-From-Diabetes.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la retinopatía diabética?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/retinopatia-diabetica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-diabetic-retinopathy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un edema macular?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/edema-macular" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-macular-edema">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un nivel de azúcar muy elevado en la sangre puede causar daños en los riñones. Si éstos se dañan, los desechos y los líquidos se acumulan en la sangre. " title="Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1855" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Nefropatía diabética</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas renales en personas con diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;nivel de azúcar&lt;/a&gt; en su sangre es muy elevado. Con el tiempo, eso puede causar daños
 en los riñones. Los riñones son filtros que limpian la sangre. Si están dañados, los desechos y los líquidos se acumulan en la sangre en lugar de salir del organismo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El daño renal ocasionado por la diabetes se denomina nefropatía diabética. Comienza a ocurrir mucho antes de que aparezcan los síntomas. Las personas con diabetes deben someterse a pruebas periódicas para detectarla. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;pruebas&lt;/a&gt; incluyen un examen de orina y un análisis de sangre para ver qué tan bien los riñones están funcionando.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si el daño continúa, los riñones pueden fallar. De hecho, la diabetes es la causa más común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt; en los Estados Unidos. Las personas con insuficiencia renal requieren &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante renal&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Es posible retrasar el progreso del daño renal o impedir que empeore. Controlar la glucemia y la presión arterial, tomar los medicamentos y no comer demasiadas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;proteínas&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html" id="1559" language="English">Diabetic Kidney Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990">Insuficiencia renal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1992">Trasplante de riñón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes y riñones, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Riñones y diabetes, Problemas de</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de orina: Cociente microalbúmina/creatinina" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-mtc-ratio.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-mtc-ratio.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y enfermedad renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000494.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de los riñones causada por la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/rinones" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen con tira reactiva de proteína en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de electroforesis de proteínas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de microalbuminuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003591.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefropatía diabética" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/nefropatia-diabetica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/diabetic-nephropathy.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de creatinina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome nefrótico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000490.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Todos los embarazos implican algunos riesgos. Las causas pueden ser afecciones que ya tiene o condiciones que se desarrollan durante el embarazo. Más aquí." title="Problemas de salud durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazos&lt;/a&gt; implican algunos riesgos, pero hay ciertas afecciones y problemas de salud que pueden aumentar ese riesgo, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un problema de salud que tenía antes de quedar embarazada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un problema de salud durante el embarazo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;embarazo múltiple&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un problema de salud durante un embarazo anterior que puede ocurrir de nuevo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Consumo de drogas durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener más de 35 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera de ellos puede afectar su salud, la de su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;bebé&lt;/a&gt;, o ambos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una enfermedad crónica, debe hablar con el médico para enterarse de qué manera puede minimizar el riesgo antes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/preconceptioncare.html"&gt;embarazarse&lt;/a&gt;. Una vez que se produce el embarazo, es posible que se necesite un equipo de profesionales de la salud que la supervise. Algunos problemas de salud comunes que pueden complicar el embarazo son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;Hipertensión arterial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Problemas renales &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de la tiroides&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tumorsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Cáncer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;Infecciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otras afecciones que pueden aumentar el riesgo del embarazo pueden ocurrir durante el desarrollo del mismo, por ejemplo, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes gestacional&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html"&gt;incompatibilidad Rh&lt;/a&gt;. Un buen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;cuidado prenatal&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar a detectarlas y tratarlas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas síntomas, como náuseas, dolor de espalda y fatiga, son comunes durante el embarazo. A veces es difícil saber qué es normal. Llame a su profesional de salud si algo le molesta o le preocupa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105" language="English">Health Problems in Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html" id="2106">Bebé prematuro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html" id="1852">Diabetes y el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104">Embarazo y consumo de sustancias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="2209">Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html" id="5902">Incompatibilidad Rh</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3155">Infecciones durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579">Medicinas durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html" id="2102">Presión arterial alta en el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html" id="5894">Problemas durante el parto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6058">Salud y desarrollo fetal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5535">Tumores durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728">VIH y el embarazo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Embarazo de alto riesgo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Embarazo, Problemas de salud durante el</see-reference>
<site title="Anemia" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/anemia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/anemia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anomalías del cordón umbilical" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/anomalias-del-cordon-umbilical.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/umbilical-cord-conditions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artritis reumatoide y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/artritis-reumatoide-y-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/asma-embarazo/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/asthma-and-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma, alergias y embarazo" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-asma/asma,-alergias-y-embarazo-consejos-para-tener-en-c" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/asthma,-allergies-and-pregnancy-ttr">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios del apoyo sicológico durante el embarazo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/beneficios-del-apoyo-sicologico-durante-el-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/05/benefits-counseling-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatías durante el embarazo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/salud-femenina/embarazo-complicado-por-la-enfermedad/cardiopat%C3%ADas-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones durante el embarazo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-complications" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-complications">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Condiciones crónicas de salud y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/condiciones-cronicas-de-salud-y-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/chronic-health-conditions-and-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuello uterino incompetente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000595.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-depresion/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/depression-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desprendimiento prematuro de la placenta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000605.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desprendimiento prematuro de placenta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000901.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000901.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="El nuevo papel de la inteligencia artificial en la investigación de los NIH sobre el embarazo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-nuevo-papel-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-en-la-investigacion-de-los-nih-sobre-el-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-new-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-nih-pregnancy-research">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo de alto riesgo: Lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/embarazo-de-alto-riesgo-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/high-risk-pregnancy-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo después de los 35 años: Mamás saludables, bebés saludables" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/embarazo-y-enfermedad-reumatica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/pregnancy-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazos más seguros: Reduzca el riesgo de problemas de salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/embarazos-mas-seguros" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/delivering-safer-pregnancies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-enfermedad-de-gaucher/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/gaucher-disease-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la tiroides y el embarazo" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/enfermedad-tiroides-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/pregnancy-thyroid-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/enfermedades-inflamatorias-del-intestino/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inflammatory-bowel-disease-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades cardíacas y embarazo: Infórmate sobre los riesgos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045977?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epilepsia y embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/epilepsia-epilepsia-y-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/epilepsy-and-pregnancy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas interesantes: Disparidades en salud de los embarazos" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/estadisticas-interesantes-disparidades-en-salud-de-los-embarazos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/by-the-numbers-health-disparities-in-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fenilcetonuria (PKU) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-fenilketonuria-materna/" language-mapped-url="http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/Maternal_PKU.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre / Hipertermia y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-hipertermia/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hyperthermia-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidramnios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000599.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperemesis gravídica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001499.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia placentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001485.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001485.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lupus y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/lupus/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/lupus-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Placenta accreta, increta y percreta" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/placenta-accreta-increta-y-percreta.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/placental-accreta-increta-and-percreta">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placenta previa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000900.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000900.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polihidramnios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003267.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir el sobrecalentamiento durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/overheating-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/overheating-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progesterona sérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003714.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003714.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de progesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reposo en cama durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000581.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/retraso-del-crecimiento-intrauterino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intrauterine-growth-restriction/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del crecimiento intrauterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001500.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de salud en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002129.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado durante el embarazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/bleeding-during-pregnancy/basics/causes/sym-20050636?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/bleeding-during-pregnancy/basics/causes/sym-20050636?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal a comienzos del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal al final del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003264.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos de una urgencia en la madre durante el embarazo o posparto" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/docs/pdf/hearher_women_palmcard_5x7-spanish-508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tener hijos más tarde en la vida: Embarazos saludables a medida que envejece" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tener-hijos-mas-tarde-en-la-vida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/07/having-kids-later-life">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tener sobrepeso durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/tener-sobrepeso-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tras diagnósticos múltiples de preeclampsia, madre difunde información" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tras-diagnosticos-multiples-de-preeclampsia-madre-difunde-informacion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/mother-spreads-awareness-after-multiple-preeclampsia-diagnoses">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombofilias durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/las-trombofilias-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/thrombophillias.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usted conoce su cuerpo  mejor que nadie" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/spanish/docs/pdf/CDC-Hear-Her-Womens-Spanish-h.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunas complicaciones comunes del embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion/complicaciones">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los factores que generan riesgo para el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/high-risk/informacion/factores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/high-risk/conditioninfo/factors">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿El estrés durante el embarazo afectará a mi bebé?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/afecta" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/stress">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Quiénes tienen un mayor riesgo de tener problemas de salud durante el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/risk">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un embarazo de alto riesgo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancy/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué problemas de salud se pueden desarrollar durante el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/desarrollar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/health-problems">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué puedo hacer con los dolores de cabeza durante el embarazo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Su embarazo es de alto riesgo?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/002129_97.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/002129_42.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Síndrome del ovario poliquístico afecta el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/masinformacion/embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/more_information/FAQs/pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Además de hacernos peinados, aprendamos a cuidar nuestro cabello. Encuentre aquí información sobre diversas afecciones médicas que pueden afectar al cabello." title="Problemas del cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairproblems.html" id="1929" language="Spanish" date-created="11/08/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades capilares</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades del cabello</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una persona en promedio tiene cinco millones de pelos. El cabello crece en toda la superficie del cuerpo menos en los labios, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies. Un cabello necesita cerca de un mes para crecer media pulgada. La mayoría crece por hasta seis años y después se cae. En su lugar nace cabello nuevo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cabello nos ayuda a mantener la temperatura corporal. También protege nuestros ojos, orejas y nariz de pequeñas partículas que hay en el aire. Los problemas más comunes con el pelo y el cuero cabelludo incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html"&gt;pérdida del cabello&lt;/a&gt;, infecciones y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html"&gt;descamación&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hairproblems.html" id="531" language="English">Hair Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html" id="5283">Pérdida de cabello</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cabello grasoso</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cabello, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Foliculitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Problemas del cabello</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vello</see-reference>
<site title="Cabello seco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003245.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el cabello y en las uñas con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004005.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el cabello y la piel durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000611.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo el estrés provoca la aparición de canas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-el-estres-provoca-la-aparicion-de-canas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/04/how-stress-causes-gray-hair">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depilación del vello púbico" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/depilacion-del-vello-pubiano/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/removing-pubic-hair/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foliculitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20361634?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foliculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000823.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000823.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foliculitis de la tina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001460.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foliculitis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/folliculitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361662?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Formaldehído en productos para suavizar el cabello: lo que debe saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-formaldehido-en-productos-para-suavizar-el-cabello-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/formaldehyde-hair-smoothing-products-what-you-should-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hirsutismo (vello excesivo)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hirsutismo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hirsutism/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, el cabello y las uñas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, pelo y uñas: La capa protectora del cuerpo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Waardenburg" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001428.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del cabello impeinable" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12120/sindrome-del-cabello-impeinable/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tintes y cremas alisadoras para el cabello" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/tintes-y-cremas-alisadoras-para-el-cabello-hair-dye-and-relaxers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/hair-dye-and-hair-relaxers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tricoclasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001449.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu pelo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hair-nosw.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/kid/body/hair_SW.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vello excesivo o indeseado en las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007622.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vellos encarnados" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ingrown-hair/symptoms-causes/syc-20373893?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ingrown-hair/symptoms-causes/syc-20373893?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si usted tiene diabetes o prediabetes, presenta un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca relacionada con ésta. Infórmese" title="Problemas del corazón asociados con la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6012" language="Spanish" date-created="06/11/2012">
<also-called>Corazón y diabetes</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades cardíacas y diabetes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad en la que sus niveles de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa&lt;/a&gt; (azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, su cuerpo no produce ni utiliza bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa se acumula en la sangre, causando que aumenten sus niveles de azúcar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la cardiopatía diabética?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cardiopatía diabética significa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt; en personas que tienen diabetes. Si tiene diabetes, es mucho más probable que desarrolle una enfermedad cardíaca o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt; que las personas que no tienen diabetes. Y es posible que comience a tener estos problemas a una edad más temprana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, los efectos del nivel alto de azúcar en la sangre por la diabetes pueden incluir daños en los vasos sanguíneos y los nervios del corazón. Este daño aumenta su probabilidad de desarrollar enfermedades cardíacas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre lentamente a medida que un material pegajoso llamado placa se acumula en las arterias que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: En esta afección, su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html"&gt;Cardiomiopatía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Este es un grupo de enfermedades en las que el músculo cardíaco puede volverse grueso o rígido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedades del corazón por la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La diabetes lo pone en grave riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. También lo hace más propenso a desarrollar otras afecciones que aumentan aún más su riesgo, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Niveles elevados de &lt;a href="ldlthebadcholesterol.html" tid="6784"&gt;colesterol "malo" (LDL)&lt;/a&gt; en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;Triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt; altos (un tipo de grasa en la sangre) con niveles bajos de &lt;a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786"&gt;colesterol "bueno" (HDL)&lt;/a&gt; en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca también es mayor si usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Es hombre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fuma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene demasiada grasa abdominal alrededor de la cintura, aunque tenga un peso saludable:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;


  &lt;li&gt;Para los hombres, eso es una cintura de más de 40 pulgadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para las mujeres, eso es una cintura de más de 35 pulgadas&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad del corazón relacionada con la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las primeras etapas, la enfermedad cardíaca generalmente no presenta ningún síntoma. Pero si su enfermedad cardíaca empeora, puede tener síntomas. Sus síntomas dependen del tipo de enfermedad cardíaca que tenga. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html"&gt;desmayos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt; (problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html"&gt;Pies y tobillos hinchados&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Es importante saber que las personas con diabetes pueden no sentir dolor en el pecho. Eso es porque la diabetes puede dañar los nervios de su corazón. Si tiene algún síntoma que podría ser una enfermedad cardíaca, hable con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad del corazón relacionada con la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca diabética, su profesional de la salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre su &lt;strong&gt;historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo síntomas y otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre sus &lt;strong&gt;antecedentes familiares&lt;/strong&gt;, para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer un &lt;strong&gt;examen físico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es probable que realice algunas &lt;strong&gt;pruebas&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar a comprender su  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-riesgo-de-enfermedad-cardiaca/"&gt;riesgo personal de enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exámenes de sangre para controlar sus niveles de  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-trigliceridos/"&gt;triglicéridos &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/"&gt;azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/"&gt;Control de la presión arterial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Exámenes cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;, si es necesario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Dependiendo de su nivel de riesgo, su proveedor puede referirlo a un cardiólogo (especialista en enfermedades del corazón) para que lo atienda. Si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, el tratamiento dependerá del tipo de afección que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo prevenir la enfermedad del corazón relacionada con la diabetes?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda prevenir enfermedades cardíacas o evitar que empeoren trabajando con su profesional de la salud para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controlar sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controlar otras afecciones que pueda tener que puedan aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar cualquier medicamento recetado por su proveedor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lograr que los hábitos saludables para el corazón formen parte de su vida diaria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Seguir un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html"&gt;plan de alimentación saludable para la diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html" id="6011" language="English">Diabetic Heart Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html" id="3755">Cardiomiopatía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1837">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corazón y diabetes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Diabetes y enfermedades del corazón</see-reference>
<site title="Diabetes y enfermedades cardíacas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/diabetes-y-enfermedades-cardiacas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/diabetes/complications/diabetes-and-heart-disease.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y su corazón" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/diabetes-complications/la-diabetes-y-el-corazon.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-complications/diabetes-and-your-heart.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, las enfermedades del corazón y los ataques cerebrales" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/diabetes-enfermedades-cardiacas-accidentes-cerebrovasculares" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de ataque cardíaco y accidente cerebrovascular por diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000080.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchos problemas pueden afectar nuestra capacidad para hablar y comunicarnos. Infórmese sobre las causas." title="Problemas del habla y de la comunicación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Retraso en el habla y lenguaje</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchos problemas pueden afectar nuestra capacidad para hablar y comunicarnos. Varían desde decir las palabras de manera incorrecta hasta la incapacidad total para hablar o entender el habla. Entre las causas se incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Problemas auditivos y sordera&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html"&gt;Problemas con la voz&lt;/a&gt;, como la disfonía o los problemas causados por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;labio leporino o paladar hendido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas del habla, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stuttering.html"&gt;tartamudeo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Discapacidades del desarrollo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Problemas de aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;Trastorno del espectro autista&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;Lesión cerebral&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos problemas del habla y la comunicación pueden ser genéticos. Frecuentemente, se desconocen las causas. En el primer grado de enseñanza, aproximadamente 5% de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt; tienen problemas del habla notorios. La terapia del habla y del lenguaje puede serles útil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409" language="English">Speech and Communication Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html" id="1753">Afasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html" id="2001">Problemas de aprendizaje</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3694">Problemas de audición en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939">Problemas de la audición y sordera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5960">Problemas del habla y del lenguaje en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stuttering.html" id="3630">Tartamudez</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html" id="2255">Trastornos de la voz</related-topic>
<see-reference>Comunicación, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Habla y comunicación, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Problemas de la comunicación</see-reference>
<site title="Apraxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007472.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apraxia del habla" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/apraxia-speech" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/apraxia-speech">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comunicarse con alguien con disartria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000033.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deterioro del lenguaje (adultos)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003204.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disartria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007470.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del hemisferio cerebral derecho" url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/Spanish/Lesion-del-Hemisferio-Cerebral-Derecho/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/right-hemisphere-brain-damage/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mutismo selectivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001546.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del habla y la comunicación (después de un derrame cerebral)" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/physical-needs/speech-and-communication.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sonido: Monitoreando la voz, el habla y la respiración para mantenerla salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/prueba-de-sonido" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/08/sound-check">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome 47, XYY" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12242/sindrome-47-xyy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno fonológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001541.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el lenguaje? ¿Qué es el habla?" url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/spanish/que-es-el-lenguaje/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/language_speech.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje en los niños varía. Los profesionales de la salud pueden determinar qué es normal y qué no." title="Problemas del habla y del lenguaje en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5960" language="Spanish" date-created="01/18/2012">
<also-called>Problemas de la comunicación en niños</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas del habla en los niños</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas para hablar en los niños</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje en los niños varía. Los profesionales de la salud tienen listas de hitos para determinar lo que es normal. Estos hitos ayudan a establecer si un niño avanza en forma normal o si pueden necesitar ayuda adicional. Por ejemplo, un niño generalmente dice una o dos palabras como "papá", "mamá", "ajo" o "agua" para cuando celebra su primer cumpleaños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, un retraso puede ser causado por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;pérdida de audición&lt;/a&gt;. Otras veces puede ser debido a un trastorno del habla o del lenguaje. Los niños que tienen trastornos del habla pueden tener problemas para producir los sonidos del habla en forma correcta. Ellos pueden dudar o tartamudear al hablar. Los niños con trastornos del lenguaje pueden tener problemas para entender lo que otros dicen o tener dificultades para comunicar sus pensamientos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si cree que su hijo presenta un atraso para hablar o cree que tiene problemas con el lenguaje, consulte con el pediatra de su niño.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5959" language="English">Speech and Language Problems in Children</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3694">Problemas de audición en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stuttering.html" id="3630">Tartamudez</related-topic>
<see-reference>Habla, Problemas en los niños</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lenguaje, Problemas en los niños</see-reference>
<site title="Anquiloglosia (corte anormal del frenillo de la lengua)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001640.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apraxia del habla infantil: Información para padres" url="https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/apraxia-del-habla-infantil-informacion-para-padres/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Apraxia del Habla Infantil</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del lenguaje: De 4 a 7 meses" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/language-development-4-to-7-months.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Language-Development-4-to-7-Months.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del lenguaje: De 8 a 12 meses" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/paginas/language-development-8-to-12-months.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Language-Development-8-to-12-Months.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del lenguaje: Niños de 1 año de edad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Language-Development-1-Year-Olds.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Language-Development-1-Year-Olds.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo del lenguaje: Niños de 2 años de edad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Language-Development-2-Year-Olds.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Language-Development-2-Year-Olds.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-del-habla-y-el-lenguaje" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/speech-and-language">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ir a un logopeda (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/speech-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/speech-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lengua anclada (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tongue-tie.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tongue-tie.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mutismo selectivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001546.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del habla y del lenguaje en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/retraso-del-habla-y-del-lenguaje-en-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/speech-and-language-delay/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso en el desarrollo del habla o del lenguaje" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/not-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/not-talk.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retrasos del lenguaje en los niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Language-Delay.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Language-Delay.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del lenguaje en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001545.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno fonológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001541.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del habla en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001430.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del habla y lenguaje" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/lenguaje/" language-mapped-url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/speechlanguage/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El piso pélvico mantiene los organos de la pelvis en su lugar. Pero puede debilitarse. Los tratamientos incluyen ejercicios de Kegel y otros. Infórmese. " title="Problemas del piso pélvico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="2264" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Prolapso de la pelvis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El piso pélvico es un grupo de músculos y otros tejidos que forman una especie de cabestrillo o hamaca a través de la pelvis. En la mujer, mantiene el útero, la vejiga, los intestinos y otros órganos pélvicos en su lugar para que puedan funcionar adecuadamente. Pero el piso pélvico puede debilitarse o lastimarse. Las causas principales son el embarazo y el parto. Otras causas pueden ser la obesidad, tratamientos con radiación, cirugía y envejecimiento. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de pesadez, hinchazón, tirón o dolor en la vagina que se agrava al final del día o cuando mueven el intestino&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación o ver que un "bulto" o "algo que sale" de la vagina &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para comenzar a orinar o vaciar la vejiga por completo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones del tracto urinario frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdidas de orina al reírse, toser o hacer ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Necesidad urgente o frecuente de orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor al orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdidas de materia fecal o dificultad para controlar los gases &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para llegar al baño a tiempo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de cuidados de salud diagnostica este problema con un examen físico, pélvico o pruebas especiales. Los tratamientos incluyen ejercicios pélvicos específicos llamados Kegel; un pesario, que es un dispositivo mecánico de apoyo y le es de ayuda a ciertas mujeres; cirugía y otros tratamientos.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano     &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="1677" language="English">Pelvic Floor Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214">Enfermedades del útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html" id="2211">Incontinencia urinaria</related-topic>
<see-reference>Músculos de la pelvis, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pelvis, Problemas de sostén</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sostén de la pelvis, Problemas de</see-reference>
<site title="Cistocele" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/cistocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/cystocele">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios de entrenamiento de los músculos del piso pélvico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003975.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fortalecer la pelvis: Fortalezca los músculos del suelo pélvico" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/fortalecer-la-pelvis" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/03/power-pelvis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria por esfuerzo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stress-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20355727?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20355727?DSECTION=all&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesario vaginal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pesario-vaginal/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vaginal-pessary/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001132.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001508.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001508.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación anterior de la vagina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100110_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100110_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de la pared vaginal anterior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003982.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) de dinámica del piso pelviano" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/dynamic-pelvic-floor-mri">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del piso pélvico" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicfloor/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del piso pélvico: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos del piso pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos comunes para los trastornos del piso pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos del piso pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion/diagnostican" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicfloor/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa los trastornos del piso pélvico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicfloor/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los ejercicios de Kegel?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/ejercicios-kegel" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kegel-exercises">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los tipos más comunes de problemas del sueño incluyen insomnio, apnea, síndrome de piernas inquietas y narcolepsia entre otros. Tratamientos y terapias." title="Problemas del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html" id="2152" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas al dormir</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el sueño?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El sueño es un complejo proceso biológico. Cuando usted duerme está inconsciente, pero las funciones de su cerebro y cuerpo siguen activas. Realizan una serie de funciones importantes para que usted se mantenga saludable y se sienta bien. Por ello, cuando usted no obtiene suficiente sueño de calidad, sentirse cansado no es la única consecuencia. Puede afectar su salud mental y física, su pensamiento y su vida diaria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos del sueño?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas del sueño son afecciones que alteran sus patrones normales de sueño. Existen más de 80 diferentes trastornos del sueño. Algunos de los más importantes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;Insomnio&lt;/a&gt;: No poder quedarse dormido y mantenerse despierto. Este es el más común trastorno del sueño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;: Trastorno de la respiración en la cual la respiración se detiene por 10 segundos o más mientras duerme&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/restlesslegs.html"&gt;Síndrome de las piernas inquietas&lt;/a&gt;: Una sensación de hormigueo o punzadas en las piernas junto a una fuerte necesidad de moverlas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hipersomnia: No poder mantenerse despierto durante el día. Incluye la narcolepsia, que causa una extrema somnolencia diurna&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trastornos del ritmo circadiano: Problemas con el ciclo vigilia-sueño que dificultan quedarse dormido y despertarse cuando corresponde&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Parasomnia: Conducta inusual como hablar, caminar o comer al quedarse dormido, durante el sueño o al despertarse &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 &lt;p&gt;Algunas personas que se sienten cansadas durante el día tienen un verdadero trastorno del sueño, pero para otras, el problema es no dedicar suficiente tiempo para dormir. Es importante dormir lo suficiente cada noche. La cantidad de sueño que usted necesite depende de varios factores, incluyendo su edad, estilo de vida, estado de salud y si ha dormido lo suficiente últimamente. La mayoría de los adultos necesitas entre 7 y 8 horas cada noche.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas del sueño?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes causas de los trastornos del sueño, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otras afecciones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;n, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades de los pulmones&lt;/a&gt;, de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;nervios&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades mentales, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Medicinas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, no se conoce la causa.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También hay algunos factores que pueden contribuir a problemas del sueño, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;Cafeína&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un horario irregular, como trabajar el turno de noche&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El envejecimiento. A medida que los años pasan, las personas duermen menos o pasan menos tiempo en el estado de sueño profundo. Además, se despierta más fácilmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos del sueño?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los problemas del sueño dependen del problema específico. Algunos signos de que usted puede tener alguno de estos problemas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tarda regularmente más de 30 minutos cada noche para quedarse dormido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se despierta varias veces cada noche y luego tiene problemas para volver a dormir o se despierta demasiado temprano en la mañana&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A menudo se siente somnoliento durante el día, toma siestas frecuentes o se duerme en los momentos equivocados durante el día&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Su compañero de cama dice que cuando duerme ronca fuerte, resopla, jadea, hace ruidos de ahogo o deja de respirar por períodos cortos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene sensación de pinchadas, hormigueo o de que algo se arrastra o trepa por sus piernas o brazos que se alivia al moverlos o masajearlos, especialmente por la noche y cuando trata de quedarse dormido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su compañero de cama nota que sus piernas o brazos se sacuden con frecuencia durante el sueño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene experiencias vívidas y oníricas mientras se duerme o está dormido/li&amp;gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tiene episodios de debilidad muscular repentina cuando está enojado o tiene miedo, o cuando se ríe&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Siente que no puede moverse cuando se levanta por primera vez&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas del sueño?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud utilizará su historia clínica, su historial de sueño y un examen físico. También puede realizar un estudio del sueño (polisomnograma). Los tipos más comunes de estudios del sueño monitorean y registran datos de su cuerpo durante una noche completa de sueño. Los datos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en las ondas cerebrales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Movimientos de los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frecuencia respiratoria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presión sanguínea
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Frecuencia cardíaca y actividad eléctrica del corazón y otros músculos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Otros tipos de estudios del sueño pueden determinar la rapidez con la que se duerme en las siestas del día o si puede permanecer despierto y alerta durante el día.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas del sueño?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para los trastornos del sueño dependen del problema que tenga. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Buenos hábitos para dormir&lt;/a&gt; y otros cambios en el estilo de vida, como una dieta saludable y hacer ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia cognitiva conductual o técnicas de relajación para reducir la ansiedad por dormir lo suficiente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Máquina de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea para la apnea del sueño&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Terapia de luz brillante (por la mañana)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos, incluyendo pastillas para dormir. Por lo general, los profesionales recomiendan que use pastillas para dormir por un período corto de tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Productos naturales como la melatonina. Estos pueden ayudar a algunas personas, pero generalmente se usan por poco tiempo. Asegúrese de consultar con su médico antes de tomar cualquiera de ellos
&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html" id="408" language="English">Sleep Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html" id="2785">Apnea del sueño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html" id="6470">Dormir bien</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html" id="6056">Insomnio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html" id="2159">Roncar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/restlesslegs.html" id="2126">Síndrome de las piernas inquietas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Narcolepsia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sonambulismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sueño, Problemas del</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescentes y el sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Benzodiacepinas y los opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/informacion-sobre-drogas/opioides/las-benzodiacepinas-y-los-opioides" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids/benzodiazepines-opioids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bruxismo (apretar y rechinar de dientes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bruxism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bruxism.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambiar sus hábitos de sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000757.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el sueño por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004018.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroencefalograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del sueño (polisomnografía)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep-study.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-study.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios sobre el sueño" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-del-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-studies">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Falta de sueño en la mediana edad podría aumentar el riesgo de padecer demencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-falta-de-sueno-en-la-mediana-edad-podria-aumentar-el" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/06/lack-sleep-middle-age-may-increase-dementia-risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundamentos del cerebro: El sueño" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos-neurologicos/fundamentos-del-cerebro-el-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipersomnia idiopática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000803.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para dormir" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000758.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melatonina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/melatonina/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/melatonin/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miedos del sueño (terrores nocturnos)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Narcolepsia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/narcolepsia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/narcolepsy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Narcolepsia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/narcolepsia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/narcolepsy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Narcolepsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000802.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis del sueño aislada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000801.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Persona que duerme poco por naturaleza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000804.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesadillas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003209.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesadillas y terrores nocturnos en los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/pesadillas-y-terrores-nocturnos-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nightmares-and-night-terrors/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polisomnografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003932.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del desfase horario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000719.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas del sueño" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/problemas-del-sueno-sleep-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/sleep-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para dormir durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000559.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rechinar o apretar los dientes" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/grinding_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recuperar el sueño puede no ayudar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/recuperar-el-sueno-puede-no-ayudar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Somnolencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003208.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonambulismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000808.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sleep/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sueño y su hijo en edad adolescente" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep-problems.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño y su salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000871.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de sueño y vigilia irregulares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000806.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terror nocturno en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000809.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terrores nocturnos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/terrors.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/terrors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del jet lag" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000800.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000800.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sueño en adultos mayores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-sleep-changes-in-older-adults-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-sleep-changes-in-older-adults/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del sueño en los ancianos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000064.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para el sueño" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-de-los-trastornos-del-sueno" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-disorder-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡¿Por qué no puedo dormir?!" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/por-que-no-puedo-dormir" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-cant-i-sleep">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué puedo hacer si no consigo dormir?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cant-sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cant-sleep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son la privación y la deficiencia de sueño?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/health/sleep-deprivation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los trastornos del ritmo circadiano?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-del-ritmo-circadiano" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/circadian-rhythm-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas durante el parto pueden ocasionar complicaciones para la madre, el bebé o ambas. Infórmese." title="Problemas durante el parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html" id="5894" language="Spanish" date-created="09/28/2011">
<also-called>Complicaciones de parto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El parto es el proceso de dar a luz a un bebé. Incluye el trabajo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html"&gt;parto&lt;/a&gt; y el nacimiento. En general, esto se da sin inconvenientes, pero pueden ocurrir problemas. Puede causar riesgo para la madre, el bebé o ambos. Algunos de los problemas de parto más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;Trabajo de parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (antes de término): Ocurre cuando su trabajo de parto comienza antes de las 37 semanas completas de embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM)&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando la fuente se rompe antes de que la madre entre en trabajo de parto. Si el parto no comienza poco después, puede aumentar el riesgo de infección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas con la placenta&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluyen el desprendimiento antes del nacimiento de la placenta del útero, o su adherencia con demasiada firmeza al útero&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trabajo de parto que no progresa&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando el trabajo de parto se estanca. Esto puede suceder cuando:&lt;/li&gt;
  

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Sus contracciones se debilitan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su cuello uterino no se dilata (abre) lo suficiente o tarda demasiado en dilatarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El bebé no está en la posición correcta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El bebé es demasiado grande o su pelvis demasiado pequeña para que el bebé pueda avanzar por el canal de parto&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Frecuencia cardíaca anormal del bebé&lt;/strong&gt;: Normalmente, una frecuencia cardíaca anormal no es un problema. Pero si la frecuencia cardíaca es muy rápida o muy lenta, puede ser una señal de que su bebé no está recibiendo suficiente oxígeno o que hay otros problemas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas con el cordón umbilical&lt;/strong&gt;: Por ejemplo, que el cordón se enganche en el brazo, la pierna o el cuello del bebé. También es un problema si el cordón sale antes que el bebé&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas con la posición del bebé&lt;/strong&gt;: Como parto de nalgas, cuando el el bebé sale primero con los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Distocia del hombro&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando sale la cabeza del bebé pero su hombro se atasca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asfixia perinatal&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando el bebé no recibe suficiente oxígeno en el útero durante el trabajo de parto o el parto, o justo después del nacimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Desgarros perineales&lt;/strong&gt;: Desgarro de la vagina y los tejidos circundantes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sangrado excesivo&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ocurrir cuando el parto causa desgarros en el útero o si no se desprende la placenta después de dar a luz al bebé&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Embarazo post-término&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando su embarazo dura más de 42 semanas&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene problemas durante el parto, es posible que su profesional de la salud necesite darle medicamentos para inducir o acelerar el parto, usar herramientas para ayudar a guiar al bebé fuera del canal de parto o dar a luz por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;cesárea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html" id="5893" language="English">Childbirth Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html" id="2106">Bebé prematuro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html" id="3160">Cesárea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html" id="1995">Parto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html" id="6235">Trabajo de parto prematuro</related-topic>
<see-reference>Parto prematuro</see-reference>
<see-reference>Parto, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prematuro, Parto</see-reference>
<site title="Anomalías del cordón umbilical" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/anomalias-del-cordon-umbilical.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/umbilical-cord-conditions">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración de meconio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/meconium.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meconium.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se pase de la fecha probable de parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000515.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000515.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuello uterino incompetente" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/cuello-uterino-incompetente.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/cervical-insufficiency-and-short-cervix.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados posoperatorios para una episiotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000483.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Durante el embarazo, ¿Qué importancia tiene la longitud del cuello uterino?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo: qué esperar cuando ya ha pasado la fecha prevista para el parto" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/embarazo-que-esperar-cuando-ya-ha-pasado-la-fecha-prevista-para-el-parto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pregnancy-expect-youre-past-due-date/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100017_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100017_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000482.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000482.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episiotomía: Cuándo es necesaria y cuándo no" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/episiotomy/art-20047282?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del pH del cuero cabelludo fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003408.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura de clavícula en el recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001588.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones neonatales en el momento del parto" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/problemas-generales-del-reci%C3%A9n-nacido/lesiones-neonatales-en-el-momento-del-parto" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/general-problems-in-newborns/birth-injuries-in-newborns">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del plexo braquial en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001395.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo de la frecuencia cardíaca del bebé durante el parto" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/monitoreo-de-la-frecuencia-cardiaca-del-bebe-durante-el-parto/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/monitoring-babys-heart-rate-labor/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muertes relacionadas con el embarazo están aumentando y la septicemia es una de las principales razones" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parto con fórceps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000509.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto con ventosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000514.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto de nalgas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000623.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000623.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placenta accreta, increta y percreta" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/placenta-accreta-increta-y-percreta.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/placental-accreta-increta-and-percreta">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Placenta previa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000900.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000900.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presentaciones de parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002060.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presentación de nalgas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100193_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100193_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptura prematura de membranas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de aspiración de meconio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001596.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001596.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sheehan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001175.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor del parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001587.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las complicaciones comunes durante el trabajo de parto y el parto?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/labor-delivery/informacion/complicaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/labor-delivery/topicinfo/complications">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos se utilizan para prevenir el trabajo de parto y el parto prematuros?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo/reduce">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si tiene diabetes, el nivel de azúcar en su sangre es muy elevado. Con el tiempo, esto puede causar una neuropatía diabétic o problemas de los nervios." title="Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1856" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Neuropatía diabética</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;nivel de azúcar&lt;/a&gt; en su sangre es muy elevado. Con el tiempo, esto puede dañar la capa que cubre los nervios o los vasos sanguíneos que transportan el oxígeno a los nervios. Los nervios dañados pueden dejar de enviar mensajes o enviar las señales nerviosas más lentamente o en momentos equivocados.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Este daño se denomina neuropatía diabética. Más de la mitad de las personas con diabetes la tienen. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento en las manos, las piernas o los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html"&gt;pies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores punzantes, ardor u hormigueo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Náusea, vómitos, estreñimiento o diarrea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disfunción sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas urinarios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mareos al cambiar de posición rápidamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su doctor diagnosticará la neuropatía diabética con un examen físico y  estudios de conducción nerviosa (que verifican la transmisión de señales eléctricas a través de un nervio). &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El control de la azúcar en la sangre puede ayudar a prevenir los problemas en los nervios o evitar que los que ya existen empeoren. El tratamiento puede incluir analgésicos y otras medicinas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;  NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html" id="1465" language="English">Diabetic Nerve Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html" id="4568">Complicaciones de la diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="2084">Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html" id="1854">Pie diabético</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diabetes y neurología</see-reference>
<see-reference>Neurología y diabetes, Problemas</see-reference>
<site title="Cuidados personales en caso de daño neurológico por la diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000326.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Daño neurológico y diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000693.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y los pies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/diabetes-complications/la-diabetes-y-los-pies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/disfuncion-erectil" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil y diabetes: Toma el control hoy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/art-20043927?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/erectile-dysfunction/in-depth/erectile-dysfunction/ART-20043927?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroparesia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mononeuropatía del III par craneal de tipo diabético" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000692.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000692.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía autonómica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía diabética" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/neuropatia-diabetica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/diabetic-neuropathy.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatías diabéticas: El daño de los nervios" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/neuropatias-diabeticas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/nerve-damage-diabetic-neuropathies">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la diabetes, sexuales y de la vejiga" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/sexuales-urologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/sexual-bladder-problems">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas autonómicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-autonomicas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autonomic-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una variedad de causas puede ocasionar problemas para caminar. Lesiones, trastornos del movimiento o enfermedades como la artritis, entre otras. Más aquí." title="Problemas para caminar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html" id="5674" language="Spanish" date-created="10/20/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los problemas para caminar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted es como la mayoría de las personas, camina miles de pasos cada día. Usted camina para hacer sus actividades diarias, movilizarse y hacer ejercicio. Es algo que usted hace y que en general no piensa mucho. Pero para aquellos con problemas para caminar, la vida diaria puede ser un problema. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas para caminar pueden hacer que usted:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Camine con la cabeza y el cuello doblados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Arrastre los pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tenga movimientos irregulares y bruscos al caminar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Camine con pasos más pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Oscile &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Camine más despacio o rígido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las causas de los problemas para caminar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El patrón de cómo usted camina se llama marcha. Una variedad de problemas puede causar una alteración de la marcha y dar lugar a problemas para caminar. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desarrollo anormal de los músculos o huesos de sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;piernas&lt;/a&gt; o los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;pies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;Artritis&lt;/a&gt; de cadera, rodillas, tobillos o pies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html"&gt;Enfermedades del cerebelo&lt;/a&gt;, área del cerebro que controla la coordinación y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;equilibrio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de los pies, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;callos y callosidades&lt;/a&gt;, llagas y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html"&gt;verrugas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lesiones como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos del movimiento&lt;/a&gt; como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades neurológicas, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;esclerosis múltiple&lt;/a&gt; y trastornos de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;nervios periféricos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Problemas de la visión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de los problemas para caminar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y le realizará un examen físico, incluyendo una  revisión de sus huesos y músculos y un examen neurológico. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite otras pruebas, como pruebas de laboratorio o de imagen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas para caminar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los problemas para caminar depende de la causa. Si es una afección médica, a menudo el tratamiento de esa afección mejora su forma de caminar. Algunos tipos comunes de tratamientos para los problemas para caminar pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html"&gt;Ayudas para la movilidad&lt;/a&gt; como andadores o bastones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia física&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Zapatos, plantillas, férulas o aparatos ortopédicos especiales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html" id="5673" language="English">Walking Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html" id="2262">Caídas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2002">Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1747">Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html" id="1864">Mareo y vértigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039">Trastornos del movimiento</related-topic>
<see-reference>Caminar, Problemas para</see-reference>
<site title="Andar de puntillas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toe-walking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toe-walking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anomalías en la forma de caminar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003199.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coalición tarsal" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deslizamiento de la epífisis de la cabeza femoral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/deslizamiento-de-la-epifisis-de-la-cabeza-femoral-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/legg-calve-perthes-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374343?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/legg-calve-perthes-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20374343?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/perthes-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/perthes-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Sever" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-de-sever-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/severs-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Sever" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/severs-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/severs-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinismo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hallux rigidus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inestabilidad crónica de tobillo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Marcha convergente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/marcha-convergente-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intoeing/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcha de puntillas en niños" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/toe-walking/symptoms-causes/syc-20378410?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toe-walking/symptoms-causes/syc-20378410?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie cavo" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pie plano flexible" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies hacia adentro (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gait.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gait.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies hacia afuera" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/out-toeing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/out-toeing.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los pies" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para desplazarse o caminar" url="https://www.parkinson.org/espanol/entendiendo-parkinson/sintomas-motores/problemas-desplazarse" language-mapped-url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/movement-symptoms/trouble-moving">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Parkinson</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si tiene un trastorno de deglución, puede tener dificultades y dolor al tragar. Entérese sobre causas y tratamientos aquí." title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1872" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Disfagia</also-called>
<also-called>Trastorno de la deglución</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un problema de la deglución, puede tener dificultades y dolor al tragar. Algunas personas no pueden tragar en lo absoluto o tener problemas para tragar líquidos, alimentos o saliva. Esto hace que el comer sea más difícil. Con frecuencia, puede ser difícil ingerir suficientes calorías y líquidos para alimentar al cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera puede tener un problema para tragar, pero es más común en personas mayores. En general, estos trastornos suelen ocurrir debido a otros trastornos, entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Trastornos del sistema nervioso&lt;/a&gt;: Como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html"&gt;parálisis cerebral&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt;: Incluyendo la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;ERGE&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Traumatismos en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html"&gt;cabeza&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;médula espinal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cáncer de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;cabeza, cuello&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las medicinas pueden ayudar a algunas personas, mientras que otras pueden necesitar cirugía. Tal vez resulte útil modificar la dieta o sostener la cabeza o el cuello en determinada posición al comer. En los casos muy serios, las personas necesitan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html"&gt;sondas para alimentarse&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1309" language="English">Swallowing Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html" id="1890">Enfermedades del esófago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916">Reflujo gastroesofágico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Deglución, Trastorno de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Disfagia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tragar, Problemas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trastorno de la deglución</see-reference>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la dilatación esofágica" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-dilataci%C3%B3n-esof%C3%A1gica" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-eso-dilation-updated">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la manometría esofágica" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-manometr%C3%ADa-esof%C3%A1gica" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-esophageal-manometry">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deglución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000126.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deglución dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003116.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad con la deglución" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007543.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad para tragar" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/problemas-de-deglucion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/swallowing-problems.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad para tragar (Disfagia)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-digestivos/dificultad-para-tragar">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfagia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372033?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manometría esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003884.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de disfagia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-disfagia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dysphagia-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la deglución" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/trastornos-de-la-deglucion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/swallowing-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema digestivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La función de las plaquetas es formar coágulos de sangre que ayuden a sanar las heridas y a prevenir el sangrado. Tipos, causas de problemas plaquetarios." title="Problemas plaquetarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html" id="5219" language="Spanish" date-created="04/09/2010">
<also-called>Problemas con las plaquetas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las plaquetas, también conocidas como trombocitos, son células sanguíneas. Se forman en la médula ósea, un tejido similar a una esponja en sus huesos. Las plaquetas juegan un papel importante en la coagulación de la sangre. Normalmente, cuando uno de sus vasos sanguíneos se rompe, comienza a sangrar. Las plaquetas se coagularán (se agruparán) para tapar la lesión en el vaso sanguíneo y detener el sangrado. Puede tener diferentes problemas con sus plaquetas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si su sangre tiene un &lt;strong&gt;bajo número de plaquetas&lt;/strong&gt;, se llama trombocitopenia. Esto puede ponerlo en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;hemorragia&lt;/a&gt; leve a grave. El sangrado puede ser externo o interno. Puede tener varias causas. Si el problema es leve, es posible que no necesite tratamiento. Para casos más graves, es posible que necesite medicamentos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusiones de sangre&lt;/a&gt; o plaquetas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si su sangre tiene &lt;strong&gt;demasiadas plaquetas&lt;/strong&gt;, puede tener un mayor riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuando no se conoce la causa, esto se llama trombocitemia. Es poco común. Es posible que no necesite tratamiento si no hay signos o síntomas. En otros casos, puede necesitar tratamiento con medicamentos o procedimientos médicos
&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si otra enfermedad o afección está causando el alto número de plaquetas, se llama trombocitosis. El tratamiento y su pronóstico dependen de la causa de la trombocitosis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otro posible problema es que las plaquetas &lt;strong&gt;no trabajan como deberían&lt;/strong&gt;. Por ejemplo, en la enfermedad de von Willebrand, sus plaquetas no pueden pegarse o no pueden adherirse a las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos. Esto puede causar sangrado excesivo. Hay diferentes tipos de la enfermedad de von Willebrand. El tratamiento depende del tipo que tenga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html" id="5218" language="English">Platelet Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" id="4862">Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" id="6352">Análisis de sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html" id="2231">Problemas de coagulación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html" id="3647">Problemas de la sangre</related-topic>
<see-reference>Plaquetas, Problemas</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Actividad del factor VIII" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-factor8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-factor8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Actividad del factor von Willebrand (vWF) - cofactor ristocetina" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-vwf.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tiempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-ptt.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor VIII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003678.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de plaquetas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003647.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Defecto adquirido de la función plaquetaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000546.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Defectos congénitos de la función plaquetaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000582.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de von Willebrand" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000544.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de von Willebrand (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vwd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vwd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esplenectomía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de agregación plaquetaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003669.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003669.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de anticuerpos asociados a las plaquetas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003552.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Petequias" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/petechiae/basics/definition/sym-20050724?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/petechiae/basics/definition/SYM-20050724?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proceso de coagulación de la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000011.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de VPM" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-vpm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mpv-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de plaquetas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-plaquetas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/platelet-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003232.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/purpura-trombocitopenica-idiopatica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura trombocitopénica inmune (PTI)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000535.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000552.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000552.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica (TTP)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/purpura-trombotica-trombocitopenica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo de sangría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003656.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003656.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo parcial de tromboplastina (TPT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003653.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos plaquetarios hereditarios" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/es/centros-de-aprendizaje/trastornos-plaquetarios-hereditarios/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombastenia de Glanzmann" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001305.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitemia esencial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000543.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitemia y trombocitosis" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trombocitopenia-trombocitosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thrombocythemia-thrombocytosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitopenia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000586.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitopenia inducida por fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000556.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitopenia inmunitaria (ITP)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trombocitopenia-inmunitaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/immune-thrombocytopenia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitopenia inmunitaria (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immune-thrombocytopenia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune-thrombocytopenia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombocitosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thrombocytosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378315?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thrombocytosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378315?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una costra?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/scab.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/scab.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los trastornos hemorrágicos?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-hemorragicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bleeding-disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los trastornos plaquetarios?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-plaquetarios" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/platelet-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre los problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos, como tipos, cuidados en el hogar y tratamientos, entre otras cosas. " title="Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5432" language="Spanish" date-created="05/27/2010">
<also-called>Enfermedades no comunes de los bebés</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas de salud poco comunes de los bebés</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Asusta ver a su hijo enfermo, sobre todo si no es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html"&gt;problema común&lt;/a&gt; como un resfrío o fiebre. Usted quizás no sepa si el problema es serio o cómo tratarlo. Si le preocupa la salud de su bebé, llame a su proveedor de cuidados médicos inmediatamente. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aprender sobre la enfermedad de su bebé puede ayudarlo con su preocupación. No tenga miedo en preguntar sobre el cuidado de su bebé. Al trabajar en conjunto con su médico, usted asegura que su bebé está recibiendo el mejor cuidado posible.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5431" language="English">Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5436">Chequeo médico del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974">Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3751">Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5429">Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html" id="2177">Síndrome de muerte infantil súbita</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bebés, Problemas de salud poco comunes</see-reference>
<see-reference>Recién nacido, Problemas poco comunes</see-reference>
<site title="Afecciones respiratorias del recién nacido" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/displasia-broncopulmonar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia causada por bajo nivel de hierro en bebés y niños pequeños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia en el recién nacido" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/problemas-sangu%C3%ADneos-en-el-reci%C3%A9n-nacido/anemia-en-el-reci%C3%A9n-nacido" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/blood-problems-in-newborns/anemia-in-the-newborn">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anquiloglosia (corte anormal del frenillo de la lengua)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001640.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia biliar (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biliary-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biliary-atresia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bajo nivel de calcio en sangre en los bebés (hipocalcemia)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypocalcemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypocalcemia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cabeceo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001409.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneotabes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001591.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su bebé está en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nicu-caring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su hijo está en la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico (PICU) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picu.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo administrarle medicamentos a su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo una visita al médico (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un pediatra" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/health-management/Paginas/How-To-Choose-A-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Episodio aparentemente letal (EAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007683.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis pilórica" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis pilórica infantil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100095_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100095_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exanguinotransfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelas abultadas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelas grandes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003311.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003311.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelas hundidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003309.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperglucemia en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007228.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipocalcemia en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007229.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotiroidismo neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001193.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones recurrentes en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intususcepción" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/intususcepcion-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Invaginación intestinal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intussusception.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intussusception.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Invaginación intestinal en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringomalacia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/laryngomalacia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laryngomalacia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llanto excesivo en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003023.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macrosomía fetal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitor de apnea para bebés de uso en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neutropenia en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007230.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niño irritable o melindroso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003214.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Policitemia: Recién nacido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000536.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los genitales femeninos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-femeninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-infants-female/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para alimentar a lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-para-alimentar-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/feeding-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prominencia frontal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003301.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de fístula traqueoesofágica y atresia esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del desarrollo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado por deficiencia de vitamina K en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007320.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007303.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie de la exanguinotransfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001563.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueomalacia adquirida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueomalacia congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001084.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor del parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001587.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Bebé está enfermo? Cuándo buscar atención médica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuando usted tiene problemas para respirar, al cuerpo le cuesta obtener el oxígeno que necesita. Esto puede ser señal de un problema grave. Entérese aquí." title="Problemas respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Disnea</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas para respirar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted tiene problemas para respirar, le cuesta o es incómodo obtener el oxígeno que necesita. Puede sentir que no está obteniendo el suficiente aire.  A veces puede tener problemas respiratorios leves por una congestión nasal o hacer ejercicio muy intensamente. Pero la falta de aire también puede ser señal de una enfermedad seria. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas condiciones pueden hacer sentir que le falta el aire:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de los pulmones como  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html"&gt;enfisema&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trachealdisorders.html"&gt;tráquea&lt;/a&gt; o en los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html"&gt;bronquios&lt;/a&gt;, que son parte de su sistema respiratorio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; pueden provocar falta de aire si su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para suministrarle oxígeno al cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html"&gt;ataque de pánico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;Alergias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene problemas para respirar en forma frecuente, es importante encontrar la causa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077" language="English">Breathing Problems</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html" id="2785">Apnea del sueño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html" id="1760">Asma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html" id="1836">Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125">Enfermedades de los pulmones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dificultad respiratoria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Disnea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Respiración, Problemas de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Taquipnea</see-reference>
<site title="Aleteo nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003055.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000144.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía turbinada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007563.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados paliativos para la dificultad respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000471.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo el cuerpo controla la respiración" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones/controles-respiratorios-del-cuerpo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs/body-controls-breathing">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ponerse y quitarse adecuadamente un respirador desechable" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-133_sp/pdfs/2010-133_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-133/pdfs/2010-133.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo respirar cuando le falta el aliento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000053.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad para respirar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/shortness-of-breath/basics/definition/sym-20050890?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/shortness-of-breath/basics/definition/SYM-20050890?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad respiratoria" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dificultad-respiratoria/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003075.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003075.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dificultad respiratoria mientras se está acostado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003076.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disminución o detención de la respiración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003069.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disnea durante el cáncer avanzado" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq#_143" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_143">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos de sollozo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spells.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spells.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos del llanto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000967.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spirometry/about/pac-20385201?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espirometría" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spirometry.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estridor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003074.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falta de aire" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/falta-de-aire-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shortness-of-breath/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperventilación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003071.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoventilación alveolar primaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000078.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000078.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipoxemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/hypoxemia/basics/definition/sym-20050930?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hypoxemia/basics/definition/SYM-20050930?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intercambio de gases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monitor de apnea para bebés de uso en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un estudio de la respiración, espirometría (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-spirometer.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panel de patógenos respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-de-patogenos-respiratorios/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de dificultad respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000007.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiración rápida y superficial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007198.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruidos respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007535.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sibilancias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003070.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003070.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silbido al respirar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/SYM-20050764?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/SYM-20050764?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de hipoventilación y obesidad (SHO)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000085.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taquipnea transitoria en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiraje intercostal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003322.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueomalacia adquirida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007310.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueomalacia congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001084.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar con problemas respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorios y personas con discapacidades" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/people-with-disabilities.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/people-with-disabilities.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre causas de problemas sexuales en las mujeres, como falta de deseo sexual, incapacidad de excitarse o de llegar al orgasmo, entre otros." title="Problemas sexuales en las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1900" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Frigidez</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos problemas que pueden impedir que una mujer disfrute de las relaciones sexuales. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Falta de deseo sexual &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Incapacidad de lograr excitación  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de orgasmo o clímax sexual &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Relaciones sexuales dolorosas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos problemas pueden tener causas físicas o psicológicas. Las causas físicas pueden incluir enfermedades como diabetes, insuficiencia cardiaca, trastornos nerviosos o problemas hormonales. Algunas drogas también pueden afectar el deseo y la función. Las causas psicológicas pueden incluir estrés relacionado con el trabajo y ansiedad. También depresión o preocupaciones sobre problemas maritales o de relaciones. Para algunas mujeres, el problema es resultado de traumas sexuales en el pasado. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas ocasionales con la función sexual son comunes. Si sus problemas duran más de algunos meses o generan angustia en usted o en su pareja, debe acudir a un profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1423" language="English">Sexual Problems in Women</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html" id="2216">Enfermedades de la vagina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvardisorders.html" id="4551">Enfermedades de la vulva</related-topic>
<see-reference>Disfunción sexual de la mujer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mujeres, Problemas sexuales</see-reference>
<site title="Anorgasmia en mujeres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer, el sexo y el cuerpo femenino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/cancer-sexo-y-sexualidad.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar los problemas sexuales femeninos relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/problemas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción orgásmica en las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001953.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001953.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción sexual femenina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispareunia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dispareunia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/dyspareunia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor pélvico crónico en mujeres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20354368?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20354368?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y los problemas sexuales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000663.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mutilación o ablación genital femenina" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/female-genital-cutting" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/female-genital-cutting">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poco deseo sexual en mujeres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/low-sex-drive-in-women/symptoms-causes/syc-20374554?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sex-drive-in-women/symptoms-causes/syc-20374554?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poco deseo sexual en mujeres: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/low-sex-drive-in-women/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374561?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relaciones sexuales dolorosas (dispareunia)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/symptoms-causes/syc-20375967?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/symptoms-causes/syc-20375967?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resequedad vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000892.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud sexual de la mujer: Cómo hablar sobre tus necesidades sexuales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/womens-sexual-health/art-20047771?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/womens-sexual-health/art-20047771?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexualidad en la edad avanzada" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/sexualidad/sexualidad-edad-avanzada" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/sexuality-and-intimacy-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno orgásmico en mujeres" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/funci%c3%b3n-y-disfunci%c3%b3n-sexual-en-la-mujer/trastorno-org%c3%a1smico-en-mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women/orgasmic-disorder-in-women">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el cáncer: Fertilidad y efectos secundarios sexuales en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001487.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Hay un equivalente de Viagra para la mujer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/viagra-for-women/faq-20057960?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/viagra-for-women/faq-20057960?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchos hombres tienen problemas sexuales, como la disfunción eréctil. Estos pueden ser más comunes con la edad. Entérese sobre tipos, causas." title="Problemas sexuales en los hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5572" language="Spanish" date-created="07/28/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchos hombres tienen problemas sexuales. Estos problemas se van haciendo más comunes a medida que envejecen.  Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Disfunción eréctil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducción o pérdida de interés sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con la eyaculación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Testosterona baja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El estrés, alguna enfermedad, medicamentos o los problemas emocionales también pueden ser factores. Tener problemas de vez en cuando de disfunción sexual es común pero si los problemas duran más de unos meses o generan angustia en usted o en su pareja, debe acudir a un profesional de la salud. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5571" language="English">Sexual Problems in Men</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html" id="1972">Disfunción eréctil</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html" id="2111">Enfermedades de la próstata</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html" id="4281">Enfermedades de los testículos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html" id="2020">Enfermedades del pene</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hombres, Problemas sexuales en los</see-reference>
<site title="Cambios en el aparato reproductor masculino por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004017.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestiones de fecundidad en los hombres con cáncer: Niños y adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-men">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer, el sexo y el cuerpo masculino" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer/funcion-sexual-del-cuerpo-del-hombre.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/how-male-body-works-sexually.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo manejar los problemas sexuales masculinos relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer/problemas-sexuales.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/sex-problems.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyaculación precoz" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/eyaculacion-precoz-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/premature-ejaculation/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyaculación precoz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001524.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyaculación retrasada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001954.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyaculación retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001282.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipogonadismo masculino" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia testicular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000395.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la disfunción sexual en los hombres" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-masculina/funci%C3%B3n-y-disfunci%C3%B3n-sexual-en-los-hombres/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-funci%C3%B3n-y-disfunci%C3%B3n-sexual-en-los-hombres">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia masculina: ¿Mito o realidad?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/male-menopause/art-20048056?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/male-menopause/art-20048056?p=1">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que los hombres adultos tienen sobre el cáncer y el sexo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer/preguntas-frecuentes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/faqs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Relaciones sexuales de personas mayores: Consejos para hombres mayores" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/senior-sex/art-20046465?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/senior-sex/art-20046465?p=1">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003163.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre en el semen" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/s%C3%ADntomas-de-los-trastornos-del-ri%C3%B1%C3%B3n-y-de-las-v%C3%ADas-urinarias/sangre-en-el-semen">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/male-reproductive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/male-reproductive.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de insensibilidad androgénica parcial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001169.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con testosterona: Posibles beneficios y riesgos conforme envejeces" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trayectoria de emisión de esperma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000121.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El ejercicio es bueno para usted, pero algunas veces puede lastimarse al hacer deportes. Cuáles son las lesiones más comunes y como prevenirlas. " title="Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html" id="2169" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ejercicio es bueno para usted, pero algunas veces puede lastimarse cuando practica deportes o se ejercita. Los accidentes, mala forma al ejercitarse o el uso de ropa y equipo inadecuado pueden ser algunas de las causas. Algunas personas se lastiman porque no están en forma. La falta de calentamiento o estirar los músculos también puede causar lesiones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones deportivas más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Lesiones de rodilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inflamación muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Traumatismos en el tendón de Aquiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en el hueso de la tibia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html"&gt;manguito rotatorio del hombro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocaciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si se lastima, deje de practicar deportes o ejercitarse. Continuar jugando o seguir ejercitándose puede causarle más daño. El tratamiento suele comenzar con el método RICE, por sus siglas en inglés (reposo, hielo, compresión y elevación) para aliviar el dolor, reducir la inflamación y acelerar la curación. Otros tratamientos posibles incluyen analgésicos, inmovilizar el área lesionada, rehabilitación y, algunas veces, cirugía.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620" language="English">Sports Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html" id="4868">Conmoción cerebral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html" id="2168">Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1881">Lesiones y enfermedades del codo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145">Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1747">Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html" id="2235">Torceduras y distensiones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Deportes, Lesiones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Deportes, Problemas</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ardores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/burners-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/burners/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Codo de tenista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000449.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conmoción cerebral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/conmocion-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/concussion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contusión de cadera" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hip-pointer.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el dolor en las espinillas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000654.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar las lesiones deportivas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sports-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sports-injuries.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar lesiones relacionadas con el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deportes y las conmociones cerebrales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/concussions-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/concussions-sports.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desgarro de cuádriceps" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/quad-contusions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/quad-contusions.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda y los deportes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encefalopatía traumática crónica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001258.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Sever" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/severs-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/severs-disease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epicondilitis medial (codo de golfista)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007638.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sprains/symptoms-causes/syc-20377938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/symptoms-causes/syc-20377938?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces de tobillo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ankle-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ankle-sprains.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes físicos deportivos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sports-physicals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sports-physicals.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracturas por sobrecarga" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="HEADS UP para entrenadores deportivos juveniles" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/es/training/youth-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/training/youth-sports.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inestabilidad del hombro" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/inestabilidad-del-hombro-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shoulder-instability/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones de oído" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-injuries.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones deportivas comunes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lesiones-deportivas-comunes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/common-sports-injuries/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en los testículos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicular-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicular-injuries.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones por sobrecarga" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/rsi.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/rsi.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión en los músculos isquiotibiales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal agudo de montaña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000133.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Periostitis tibial" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/shin-splints/symptoms-causes/syc-20354105?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shin-splints/symptoms-causes/syc-20354105?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas con el manguito de los rotadores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000438.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007208.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del tendón de Aquiles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007643.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retornar a los deportes después de una lesión en la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilla de saltador (tendinitis rotuliana)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilleras: ¿Qué funciona?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/rodilleras-que-funciona/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/knee-bracing-what-works/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en los deportes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome compartimental crónico por ejercicio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor patelofemoral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-dolor-patelofemoral-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor rótulofemoral (Rodilla del corredor)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/runners-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/runners-knee.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo de recuperación para las concusiones en el deporte" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/tiempo-de-recuperacion-para-las-concusiones-en-el-deporte">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria (ronchas) inducida por el ejercicio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/urticaria-ronchas-inducida-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-urticaria/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un hifema?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hifema" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-hyphema">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las lesiones deportivas?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-deportivas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sports-injuries">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las principales causas de discapacidad visual y ceguera son enfermedades por la edad: degeneración macular, cataratas y glaucoma. Pero no son las únicas." title="Problemas y pérdida de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas de la vista</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si tiene baja visión, los anteojos, lentes de contacto, medicinas o cirugía pueden no ayudarle. Actividades como leer, salir de compras, cocinar, escribir y ver televisión pueden ser difíciles de llevar a cabo. Las principales causas de discapacidad visual y ceguera en Estados Unidos son las enfermedades relacionadas con la edad: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;degeneración macular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html"&gt;cataratas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html"&gt;glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;. Otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html"&gt;trastornos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; en el ojo también pueden causar pérdida de la vista. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera que sea la causa, la pérdida de la vista no se puede revertir. Sin embargo, puede ser manejada. La pérdida de la vista implica que tal vez tenga que reorganizar su vida y aprender nuevas maneras de hacer las cosas. Si aun tiene algo de vista, la ayuda de anteojos especiales y de libros con letras grandes puede facilitarle la vida. También existen dispositivos que ayudan a las personas no videntes, como el software de lectura de textos y libros en Braille.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mientras antes se diagnostique y trate la pérdida de la visión, más posibilidades hay de que pueda mantener lo que le queda de vista. Usted debe someterse a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html"&gt;exámenes oculares completos&lt;/a&gt; en forma regular por un profesional de la salud del ojo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165" language="English">Vision Impairment and Blindness</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html" id="1896">Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html" id="1801">Cataratas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html" id="2018">Degeneración macular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html" id="2267">Enfermedades de la retina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html" id="1894">Enfermedades de los ojos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html" id="2122">Errores de refracción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html" id="1924">Glaucoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html" id="1895">Lesiones del ojo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1853">Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ceguera</see-reference>
<see-reference>Visión disminuida</see-reference>
<see-reference>Visión y ceguera, Problemas de la</see-reference>
<site title="Baja visión" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/baja-vision" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/low-vision">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Campo visual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003879.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003879.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ceguera nocturna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003039.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ceguera y pérdida de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003040.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre exámenes y pruebas de visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuídate la vista" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vision-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vision-care.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablarle a su oculista" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento y los ojos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Equipos y servicios de rehabilitación de baja visión" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/rehabilitacion-baja-vision" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/low-vision-aids-rehabilitation">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de agudeza visual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003396.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen ocular estándar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes caseros de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sana su visión: Aprenda sobre el examen ocular completo con dilatación de pupila" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-sana-su-vision">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sus ojos sanos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/mantenga-sus-ojos-sanos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/keep-your-eyes-healthy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía óptica hereditaria de Leber" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13049/neuropatia-optica-hereditaria-de-leber/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojo con sus ojos: Tecnologías para proteger la visión" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ojo-con-sus-ojos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ojos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/eye.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/eyes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ojos envejecidos: Cómo ve al pasar el tiempo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sus-ojos-envejecidos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/your-aging-eyes">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de daño a la vista: Protéjase de la radiación UV" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100GIEY.PDF?Dockey=P100GIEY.PDF">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003029.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas visuales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/visual-impairment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/visual-impairment.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación de la ceguera" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/fundamentos/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n-de-la-ceguera" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation/rehabilitation-for-blindness">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas oculares" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tecnología asistencial: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uveítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000109.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vista de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con pérdida de la visión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000526.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la baja visión?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/baja-vision" language-mapped-url="http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/low-vision.cfm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un oftalmólogo?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los profesionales del campo de la salud entregan atención a millones de personas a diario. Entérese sobre los tipos de profesiones que existen." title="Profesiones en el campo de la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthoccupations.html" id="1937" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos los días, durante todo el día, las personas que trabajan en la industria al cuidado de la salud suministran cuidados a millones de personas, desde recién nacidos hasta pacientes muy enfermos. De hecho, la industria de la atención de cuidado de la salud es uno de los mayores generadores de empleos en los Estados Unidos. Muchos trabajos en el área de la salud son en hospitales. Otros son en casas de reposo, consultorios médicos u odontológicos, clínicas ambulatorias y laboratorios. &lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Para trabajar en el campo de la salud debe tener una capacitación especial. Algunos, como los médicos, deben ir a la universidad más de cuatro años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Departamento de Estadísticas de Trabajo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthoccupations.html" id="1483" language="English">Health Occupations</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html" id="1820">Elección de un doctor o plan médico</related-topic>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurociencias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007456.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Profesionales de la salud: Personal de enfermería" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hcp-nursing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hcp-nursing.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios ortopédicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007455.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de profesionales de la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001933.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un oftalmólogo?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare brain disease. It causes problems with balance, eye movement, and walking. Learn about what can help." title="Progressive Supranuclear Palsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/progressivesupranuclearpalsy.html" id="3609" language="English" date-created="09/30/2003">
<also-called>PSP</also-called>
<also-called>Richardson-Steele-Olszewski syndrome</also-called>
<also-called>Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html"&gt;brain disease&lt;/a&gt;. It happens because of damage to nerve cells in the brain. PSP affects your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;movement&lt;/a&gt;, including control of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html"&gt;walking&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt;. It also affects your thinking and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html"&gt;eye movement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;PSP is progressive, which means that it gets worse over time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of PSP is unknown. In rare cases, the cause is a mutation in a certain gene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One sign of PSP is abnormal clumps of tau in nerve cells in the brain. Tau is a protein in your nervous system, including in nerve cells. Some other diseases also cause a buildup of tau in the brain, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PSP usually affects people over 60, but in some cases it can start earlier. It is more common in men.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms are very different in each person, but they may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A loss of balance while walking. This is often the first symptom.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Speech problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;blurring of vision&lt;/a&gt; and problems controlling eye movement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in mood and behavior, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and apathy (a loss of interest and enthusiasm)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mild &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html"&gt;dementia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP0 diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for PSP. It can be difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms are similar to other diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt; and Alzheimer's disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will take your medical history and do physical and neurological exams. You may have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt; or other imaging tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is currently no effective treatment for PSP. Medicines may reduce some symptoms. Some non-drug treatments, such as walking aids and special glasses, may also help. People with severe swallowing problems may need gastrostomy. This is a surgery to insert a feeding tube into the stomach.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;PSP gets worse over time. Many people become severely disabled within three to five years after getting it. PSP isn't life-threatening on its own. It can still be be dangerous, because it increases your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;, choking from swallowing problems, and injuries from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falling&lt;/a&gt;. But with good attention to medical and nutritional needs, many people with PSP can live 10 or more years after the first symptoms of the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/progressivesupranuclearpalsy.html" id="3610" language="Spanish">Parálisis supranuclear progresiva</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013494">Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/progressivesupranuclearpalsy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Supranuclear+Palsy,+Progressive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive supranuclear palsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000767.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000767.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Supranuclear Palsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/progressive-supranuclear-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20355659?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-psp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP): Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.psp.org/iwanttolearn/faq">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Foundation for PSP/CBD and Related Brain Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive supranuclear palsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/progressive-supranuclear-palsy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Supranuclear Palsy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Supranuclear+Palsy%2C+Progressive%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El prolapso de la válvula mitral ocurre cuando una de las válvulas del corazón no funciona bien. Los problemas son raros. Síntomas, tratamientos." title="Prolapso de la válvula mitral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitralvalveprolapse.html" id="2036" language="Spanish" date-created="06/29/2005">
<also-called>Enfermedad de Barlow</also-called>
<also-called>Insuficiencia de la válvula mitral</also-called>
<also-called>Regurgitación de la válvula mitral</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La válvula mitral es una de las cuatro válvulas del corazón. Las válvulas cardíacas tienen aletas que se abren y cierran. Las aletas aseguran que la sangre fluya en la dirección correcta por su corazón hacia el resto del cuerpo. Cuando su corazón late, las aletas se abren para dejar pasar la sangre. Entre los latidos del corazón se cierran para evitar que la sangre regrese.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La válvula mitral se abre para permitir que la sangre fluya desde la cavidad superior izquierda de su corazón hacia la cavidad inferior izquierda. Cuando la cámara inferior izquierda se contrae para bombear sangre a su cuerpo, la válvula mitral se cierra herméticamente para evitar que la sangre regrese.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el prolapso de la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El prolapso de la válvula mitral ocurre cuando las aletas de la válvula mitral se vuelven flojas y no cierran herméticamente. En algunos casos, la sangre puede filtrarse en sentido contrario por esa válvula hacia la cámara de donde provino. Esto se llama reflujo o regurgitación. Cuando hay mucho reflujo de la válvula mitral, el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre al cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas que tienen prolapso de la válvula mitral no tienen ningún reflujo. De hecho, esta afección no causa ningún problema de salud para la mayoría de las personas que la tienen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar prolapso de la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener prolapso de la válvula mitral. La mayoría de las personas que lo tienen nacieron con él, y tiende a darse en familias, pero los investigadores no conocen su causa exacta.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que desarrolle prolapso de la válvula mitral si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Es una persona mayor:&lt;/strong&gt; El riesgo aumenta a medida que el envejecimiento afecta a la válvula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tuvo fiebre reumática&lt;/strong&gt;, enfermedad que puede desarrollarse después de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;infección de garganta por estreptococo&lt;/a&gt; y causar daño a las válvulas del corazón&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nació con un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;trastorno del tejido conectivo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Marfan&lt;/a&gt; o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;enfermedad de Graves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, un tipo de afección de la tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html"&gt;escoliosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (una curvatura de lado a lado de la columna vertebral) u otros problemas con los huesos de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene algunos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;distrofia muscular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El prolapso de la válvula mitral con reflujo es más común en hombres y personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del prolapso de la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con prolapso de la válvula mitral no tienen ningún síntoma. Pero si los causa, pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palpitaciones del corazón (sensación de que el corazón late con fuerza, saltándose los latidos o latiendo demasiado fuerte o demasiado rápido)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt; (sensación de que no puede obtener suficiente aire)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html"&gt;Migraña&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el prolapso de la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En casos raros, el prolapso de válvula mitral puede causar otros problemas. Con mayor frecuencia son ocasionados por el reflujo. Pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arritmia&lt;/a&gt;: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;: Infección en el revestimiento del corazón y las válvulas cardíacas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Fallo cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el prolapso de la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A menudo, los profesionales de la salud encuentran prolapso de válvula mitral durante controles de salud de rutina. Si tiene esta afección, su proveedor puede notar un chasquido al escuchar su corazón con un estetoscopio. Si la sangre regresa a través de la válvula, su corazón también puede emitir un silbido llamado soplo cardíaco.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;También es posible que necesite ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;pruebas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;. La prueba más útil es un ecocardiograma. Este es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt; que utiliza ondas de sonido para crear una imagen en movimiento de su corazón.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el prolapso de la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas no necesitan ningún tratamiento para el prolapso de válvula mitral. Si tiene síntomas con poco o ningún reflujo, es posible que solo necesite medicamentos para aliviar el malestar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si la cantidad de reflujo es significativa, es posible que necesite tratamiento para evitar que se desarrollen otros problemas cardíacos. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para ayudar a que su corazón funcione mejor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;Cirugía cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; para reparar o reemplazar una válvula mitral muy anormal con reflujo. El objetivo de la cirugía es mejorar sus síntomas y reducir su riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando sea posible, en general es preferible la reparación de la válvula al reemplazo. Esto se debe a que es menos probable que las reparaciones debiliten el músculo cardíaco y que causen una infección cardíaca.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el prolapso de la válvula mitral?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se puede prevenir el prolapso de la válvula mitral. Pero si la tiene, puede ayudar a prevenir los problemas poco comunes pero graves que puede causar al:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html"&gt;Cepillarse los dientes y usar hilo dental regularmente&lt;/a&gt;: Ayuda a mantener las bacterias fuera del torrente sanguíneo, lo que reduce aún más el raro riesgo de una infección cardíaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntarle a su proveedor si necesita tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; antes de un trabajo dental o una cirugía para reducir el riesgo de infección cardíaca: Esto se aplica principalmente a las personas que se han sometido a una cirugía de reparación o reemplazo de válvula&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse chequeos regulares y tomar cualquier medicamento que su profesional de la salud le haya recetado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;Implementar hábitos saludables para el corazón&lt;/a&gt; a su rutina diaria para prevenir enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html" id="1605" language="English">Mitral Valve Prolapse</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html" id="1945">Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Barlow</see-reference>
<see-reference>Válvula mitral, Prolapso</see-reference>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía abierta de válvula mitral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007412.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de válvula mitral mínimamente invasiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007411.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso de la válvula mitral" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/prolapso-de-la-valvula-mitral-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/mitral-valve-prolapse/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso de la válvula mitral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000180.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso de la válvula mitral (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mvp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mvp.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolapso valvular mitral" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/prolapso-valvular-mitral/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/mitral-valve-prolapse/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Regurgitación de la válvula mitral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000176.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación o sustitución valvular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/reparacion-o-sustitucion-valvular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/valve-repair-or-replacement/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among American men. The risk goes up as men age. Learn about symptoms, tests, and treatment." title="Prostate Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html" id="112" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is prostate cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt; is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Prostate cancer begins in the cells of the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.&lt;/p&gt;   
&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It often grows very slowly. If it does not spread to other parts of the body, it may not cause serious problems. But sometimes prostate cancer can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. This kind of prostate cancer is serious.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes prostate cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers don't know for sure what causes prostate cancer. They do know that it happens when there are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prostate-cancer/"&gt;changes in the genetic material&lt;/a&gt; (DNA).&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. There are also certain genetic changes that happen during your lifetime that can raise your risk of prostate cancer. But often the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop prostate cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone who has a prostate can develop prostate cancer. But certain factors can make you more likely to develop it:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your chance of developing prostate cancer increases as you get older. Prostate cancer is rare in people under age 50.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family health history.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk of prostate cancer is higher if you have a parent, sibling, or child who has or has had prostate cancer.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race.&lt;/strong&gt; African Americans are more likely to get prostate cancer.  They're also more likely to:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Get prostate cancer at a younger age.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Have more serious prostate cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Die from prostate cancer.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer doesn't always cause symptoms, especially at first. If it does cause symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html"&gt;urinating&lt;/a&gt; (peeing), such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A urine stream that's weak, hard to start, or starts and stops&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Suddenly &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;needing to urinate right away&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Urinating often, especially at night&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Pain or burning when urinating&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blood in your urine or semen&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in your lower &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back&lt;/a&gt;, hips, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;pelvis&lt;/a&gt; that does not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful ejaculation (the release of semen through the penis during orgasm)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But many of these symptoms may be from other common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html"&gt;prostate problems&lt;/a&gt; that aren't cancer, such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;enlarged prostate&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;You should discuss your prostate health with your health care provider if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have symptoms that could be prostate cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a high risk for developing prostate cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html"&gt;screening test&lt;/a&gt; that suggests you could have prostate cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are prostate tests and how is prostate cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tests which check for prostate cancer include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A digital rectal exam (DRE).&lt;/strong&gt; In this exam, your provider feels your prostate for lumps or anything unusual by inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/"&gt;prostate-specific antigen (PSA)&lt;/a&gt; blood test.&lt;/strong&gt; A high PSA blood level may be a sign of prostate cancer. But many other things can cause high PSA levels, too.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imaging tests.&lt;/strong&gt; These tests may use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt; to make pictures of your prostate.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If these tests show that you might have prostate cancer, the next step is usually a prostate &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;. A biopsy is the only way to diagnose prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;During a biopsy, a doctor uses a hollow needle to remove some prostate tissue. The tissue is studied under a microscope to look for cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for prostate cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, and how serious the cancer is. Your treatment may include one or more of options:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Observation&lt;/strong&gt;,which is mostly used if you are older, your prostate cancer isn't likely to grow quickly, and you don't have symptoms or you have other medical conditions. Your doctor will keep checking on your cancer over time so to see whether you will need to start treatment for the cancer. There are two types of observation:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Watchful waiting&lt;/strong&gt; means having little or no testing. If symptoms begin or change, you will get treatment to relieve them, but not to treat the cancer.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Active surveillance&lt;/strong&gt; means having regular tests to see if your prostate cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow or if you develop symptoms, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.&lt;/li&gt;  
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; to remove your prostate gland may be an option if your cancer hasn't spread outside of your prostate.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; uses high energy to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormone therapy&lt;/strong&gt; blocks cancer cells from getting the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt; they need to grow. It may include taking medicines or having surgery to remove the testicles.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; uses medicines to kill cancer cells, slow their growth, or stop them from spreading. You might take the drugs by mouth, as an injection (shot), as a cream, or intravenously (by IV).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Targeted therapy&lt;/strong&gt; uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells. This treatment causes less harm to healthy cells than radiation therapy or chemotherapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Immunotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; helps your own immune system to fight cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can prostate cancer be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Making healthy lifestyle changes may help to prevent some prostate cancers. These changes include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being at a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;healthy weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Getting enough exercise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating healthy foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<site title="Can Prostate Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
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<site title="Comparing Side Effects of Prostate Cancer Treatments" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/04/comparing-side-effects-prostate-cancer-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/comparacion-de-los-efectos-secundarios-de-los-tratamientos">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction" url="https://www.pcf.org/about-prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-side-effects/erectile-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Prostate Cancer Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fertility and Sexual Side Effects in People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq#_102" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/tratamiento-prostata-pdq#_102">
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<site title="Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/prostate-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/hoja-informativa-terapia-hormonal">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Hormone Therapy Side Effects" url="https://www.pcf.org/about-prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-side-effects/hormone-therapy-side-effects/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Prostate Cancer Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/vaccine-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/tratamiento-con-vacunas.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Prostate Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Observation or Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/watchful-waiting.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/espera-en-observacion.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PC-SPES" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/pc-spes-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/pc-spes-pdq">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Prostate brachytherapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007385.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Prostate brachytherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000162.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353087?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/espanol/enfermedades-y-tratamientos/cancer-de-prostata?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Prostate cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000380.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Prostate Cancer FAQs" url="https://www.pcf.org/faq_category/prostate-cancer-faqs/">
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000380_21.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000380_81.htm">
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-prevention-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/prevencion-prostata-pdq">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Screening: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/statistics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/es/statistics/index.html">
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Symptoms and Signs" url="https://www.pcf.org/about-prostate-cancer/what-is-prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-symptoms-signs/">
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<organization>Prostate Cancer Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/prostate-cancer-symptoms-tests-and-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cancer-de-prostata-sintomas-pruebas-y-tratamientos">
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<site title="Prostate Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pros_cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pros_cancer">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Prostate cancer treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000403.htm">
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<site title="Prostate cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prostate-cancer">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Prostate Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/prostate">
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<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/">
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<site title="Prostatectomy - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100046_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100046_1.htm">
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<site title="Prostate Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prostatic+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Screening Tests for Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/pruebas-de-deteccion-para-el-cancer-de-prostata.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Stages of Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq#_120" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/tratamiento-prostata-pdq#_120">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Prostate Cancer That Doesn't Go Away or Comes Back after Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/recurrence.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/recurrencia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Prostate Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq#_142" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/tratamiento-prostata-pdq#_142">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Prostate Cancer Spread to Bones" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/treating/treating-pain.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/tratamiento/tratamiento-del-dolor.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Prostate" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-prostate">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound- and MRI-Guided Prostate Biopsy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/prostate-biopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/prostate-biopsy">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Prostate Cancer: Newly Diagnosed" url="https://www.pcf.org/about-prostate-cancer/diagnosis-staging-prostate-cancer/newly-diagnosed/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Prostate Cancer Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding your prostate cancer risk" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000931.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Dysfunction" url="https://www.pcf.org/about-prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-side-effects/urinary-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Prostate Cancer Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Prostate Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Prostate Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/about/what-is-prostate-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-prostata.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Prostate Cancer Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Prostate cancer screening, which may include a PSA blood test, may be able to find prostate cancer early. Talk to your doctor to see if you should be screened." title="Prostate Cancer Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html" id="6208" language="English" date-created="11/04/2014">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cancer screening?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt; is a disease when the cells of the body grow out of control. Cancer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;screening&lt;/a&gt; is having tests to look for signs of cancer before you have any symptoms. By the time cancer causes symptoms, it may have already spread to other parts of your body. A screening test may help find cancer early, when it may be easier to treat.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Cancer screening only tells you whether you might have cancer. It doesn't diagnose cancer. If a screening test shows signs of cancer, you'll need to have other tests to find out if you do have cancer and how serious it may be.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What is prostate cancer screening?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html"&gt;Prostate cancer&lt;/a&gt; screening looks for signs of cancer in the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer is most common in people over age 50. It usually grows slowly and doesn't cause health problems. In fact, it's possible to live a long life with prostate cancer and never know you have it. But in certain cases, prostate cancer may spread to other parts of the body and can be very serious.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The goal of prostate cancer screening is to find prostate cancers that may be more likely to spread so they can be treated early.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;What tests screen for prostate cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Two tests are commonly used to screen for prostate cancer:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/"&gt;prostate-specific antigen test&lt;/a&gt;, also called a PSA blood test.&lt;/strong&gt; PSA is a protein made by your prostate. A high level of PSA in your blood may mean you have prostate cancer, but it's not proof of cancer.  That's because many other things may cause high PSA levels, including:
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Having an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;enlarged prostate&lt;/a&gt; (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH)&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Having other common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html"&gt;prostate problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Taking certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;In general, the higher your PSA, the more likely it is that you have cancer. But a low PSA blood level isn't a guarantee that you don't have cancer. 
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Digital Rectal Examination (DRE).&lt;/strong&gt; The DRE is a prostate exam.  In this exam, your health care provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel your prostate for lumps or anything unusual. A DRE can check only one side of the prostate.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A PSA test or a DRE may be able to detect prostate cancer at an early stage. But it is not clear whether early detection and treatment lower the risk of dying from prostate cancer. You should talk with your provider about the benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the possible benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;possible benefits&lt;/strong&gt; of prostate cancer screening include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Finding and treating prostate cancer early before it spreads&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Getting a better sense of your prostate cancer risk (based on your PSA test)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Peace of mind if your screening shows you're unlikely to have prostate cancer now&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The option to choose further testing and closely monitor your prostate if your screening shows you may have cancer&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;possible harms&lt;/strong&gt; of prostate cancer screening include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting a false positive result. This means that your PSA test shows you may have prostate cancer when you really don't. A false positive may lead to:
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Worry while you have more tests to look for signs of cancer.&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;A prostate &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.  In a biopsy, a doctor removes tissue from your prostate so it can be studied under a microscope to look for cancer cells. This is the only way to diagnose cancer. The possible harms of a prostate biopsy include:	
				&lt;ul&gt;
					&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
					&lt;li&gt;Pain&lt;/li&gt;
					&lt;li&gt;Blood in semen&lt;/li&gt;
					&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Urinary tract infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
				&lt;/ul&gt;
			&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having prostate cancer treatment that you may not have needed. Prostate cancer screening may lead to a cancer diagnosis, but it's not always clear whether the cancer is likely to grow and spread. You could have unnecessary treatment for cancer that would never have caused any health problems. And the common prostate cancer treatments may have serious, permanent complications, such as: 
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Urinary incontinence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Erectile dysfunction&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;Problems controlling your bowel movements&lt;/a&gt; (BMs)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Should I be screened for prostate cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since there are benefits and risks to prostate screening, you should talk with your provider to decide if screening is right for you. You and your provider should consider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your age.&lt;/strong&gt; The risk of prostate cancer increases after age 50.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your family health history.&lt;/strong&gt; If members of your family have had prostate cancer, your risk may be higher.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your race.&lt;/strong&gt; Prostate cancer is more common in African Americans.  They also have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer at a younger age and having more serious disease. 
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your general health.&lt;/strong&gt; Are you well enough to have treatment for prostate cancer if it's found?&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What you prefer.&lt;/strong&gt; How do you feel about the possible benefits and harms of screening, diagnosis, and treatment?&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html" id="6209" language="Spanish">Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de próstata</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017430">Prostate-Specific Antigen</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D051517">Digital Rectal Examination</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html" id="112">Prostate Cancer</related-topic>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society Recommendations for Prostate Cancer Early Detection" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/recomendaciones-de-la-sociedad-americana-contra-el-cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="BRCA Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/brca-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-brca/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Prostate Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Digital Rectal Examination" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Digital+Rectal+Examination%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prostate-Specific Antigen" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prostate-Specific+Antigen%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Digital rectal exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007665.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/prostate-biopsy/about/pac-20384734?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-screening-pdq#_13" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/deteccion-prostata-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate cancer screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000846.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Cancer Screening Recommendation: Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFileByToken/-BbKrbuLt9RAPvf3BQrUMW">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Cancer Screening: Should You Get a PSA Test?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/psa-test/in-depth/prostate-cancer/art-20048087?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/psa-test/in-depth/prostate-cancer/art-20048087?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prostate-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003346.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/hoja-informativa-psa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PSA Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/psa-test/about/pac-20384731?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Cancer Screening" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prostate-Specific+Antigen%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Digital+Rectal+Examination%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Prostate Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-screening-pdq#_35" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/deteccion-prostata-pdq#_33">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Screening Tests for Prostate Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/pruebas-de-deteccion-para-el-cancer-de-prostata.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Should I Get Screened for Prostate Cancer?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/screening/get-screened.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/es/screening/get-screened.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Test Detects High-Risk Prostate Cancers" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/urine-test-detects-high-risk-prostate-cancers" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-analisis-de-orina-detecta-el-cancer-de-prostata-de-alto">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A man's prostate grows as he gets older, increasing the risk of problems. Learn about the different types of prostate problems, including prostatitis." title="Prostate Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html" id="7" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is the prostate?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are prostate diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many types of prostate diseases:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prostatitis&lt;/strong&gt; is inflammation (swelling and pain) in the prostate gland. It's the most common type of prostate problem in people under than age 50. There are different types: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic prostatitis&lt;/strong&gt; is also called chronic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;pelvic pain&lt;/a&gt; syndrome. It's the most common type of prostatitis.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute bacterial prostatitis&lt;/strong&gt; starts suddenly from a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterial infection&lt;/a&gt; and is treated with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. It is not common.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chronic bacterial prostatitis&lt;/strong&gt; happens when a bacterial infection keeps coming back. The symptoms usually start slowly. It may take longer to treat than acute bacterial prostatitis.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asymptomatic prostatitis&lt;/strong&gt; has no symptoms and usually doesn't need treatment. You may learn you have it after having tests for other health problems.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;Enlarged prostate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is also called &lt;strong&gt;benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)&lt;/strong&gt;. The prostate gland tends to grow larger with age. That's why enlarged prostate is very common in older people and rare in those who are under age 40. When the prostate grows larger, it may press on your urethra and cause problems with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html"&gt;urination&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html"&gt;Prostate cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; happens when cancer cells form in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in those aged 50 and older. Most prostate cancers grow slowly and may never cause health problems. But certain prostate cancers are serious.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop prostate diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone with a prostate can develop prostate problems. But some people are at higher risk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may be more likely to develop &lt;strong&gt;prostatitis&lt;/strong&gt; if you have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lower &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infection&lt;/a&gt;, also called a UTI. An infection in your lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) may lead to acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Nerve damage in your lower urinary tract from surgery or an injury. This may lead to chronic prostatitis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Emotional &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, which can lead to chronic prostatitis.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may be more likely to develop an &lt;strong&gt;enlarged prostate (BPH)&lt;/strong&gt; if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are age 40 or older.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have family members who have had BPH.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain health conditions such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;problems with blood circulation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;Don't get enough physical activity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may be more likely to develop &lt;strong&gt;prostate cancer&lt;/strong&gt; if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older than age 50.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a parent, sibling, or child who has or had prostate cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are African American.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of prostate diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of prostate problems include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html"&gt;Needing to urinate a lot&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Needing to rush to the bathroom, but not being able to urinate or only going a little.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Leaking or dribbling urine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having a weak urine stream.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other symptoms depend on the type of prostate problem you have and may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to urinate at all. This is a medical emergency.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Any problems, starting or controlling urine flow.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waking up often to urinate.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/"&gt;Blood in your urine&lt;/a&gt; or urine that has an unusual smell or color.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;, chills, or body aches.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Great discomfort or pain:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;While urinating or after ejaculation.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;In your abdomen (belly), between your scrotum and anus, or in your scrotum or penis.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contact your provider if you have any of these symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are prostate diseases diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have a prostate problem, your provider will:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your medical history&lt;/strong&gt; and symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask about your family health history.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do a physical exam.&lt;/strong&gt; The exam may include a digital rectal exam (DRE) of your prostate. In a DRE, your provider inserts a gloved finger into your rectum to feel the general size and condition of your prostate.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Order tests, if needed.&lt;/strong&gt; Tests may include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blood and urine tests to look for infection.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Urodynamic testing to see how well you can hold and release urine.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cystoscopy to look inside your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html"&gt;urethra&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html"&gt;bladder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;Ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; pictures of your prostate and urinary tract.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/"&gt;PSA blood test&lt;/a&gt; (prostate-specific antigen test).&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Prostate &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; to diagnose or rule out cancer.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on what prostate disease you have and which symptoms bother you most.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html" id="2111" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la próstata</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011469">Prostatic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html" id="6196">Enlarged Prostate (BPH)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html" id="112">Prostate Cancer</related-topic>
<site title="Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20370087?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood in the semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003163.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prostatic Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Prostatic+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digital rectal exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequent or urgent urination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Problems in Men" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Diseases" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/prostate-diseases">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mr_prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mr_prostate">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-prostata">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Problems" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/prostate-health/prostate-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/prostata/problemas-prostata">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/prostate">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/hoja-informativa-psa">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355766?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355766?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis - bacterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis - bacterial - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000395.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis - nonbacterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000524.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prostatitis: Inflammation of the Prostate" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/prostatitis-inflammation-prostate">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prostate Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Prostatic+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RBC urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recurrent Prostate Infection: What Are the Treatment Options?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/expert-answers/prostate-infection/FAQ-20058501?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/expert-answers/prostate-infection/faq-20058501?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Prostate" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-prostate">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Prostate Changes: A Health Guide for Men" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Retention" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urination - painful" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine - bloody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es importante obtener suficientes proteínas en la dieta. Debe comerlas a diario, porque el cuerpo no las acumula como las grasas o carbohidratos. Fuentes." title="Proteínas en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html" id="3669" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las proteínas se encuentran en cada célula del cuerpo. Nuestro organismo necesita proteínas de los alimentos que ingerimos para fortalecer y mantener los huesos, los músculos y la piel. Obtenemos proteínas de la carne, los productos lácteos, las nueces y algunos granos o guisantes. Las proteínas de la carne y otros productos animales son proteínas completas, es decir, suministran todos los aminoácidos que el cuerpo no puede producir por sí mismo. La mayoría de las proteínas de las plantas son incompletas. Usted debe combinar distintos tipos de proteínas de plantas cada día para obtener todos los aminoácidos que el cuerpo requiere.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es importante obtener suficientes proteínas en la dieta. Usted debe  comer proteínas todos los días, porque el cuerpo no las almacena del mismo modo que acumula grasas o carbohidratos. La cantidad que necesita depende de su edad, sexo, estado de salud y nivel de actividad física. La mayoría de estadounidenses consume suficiente proteína en su dieta.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html" id="3668" language="English">Dietary Proteins</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html" id="3671">Carbohidratos en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227">Control de peso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<site title="Kwashiorkor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001604.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/la-proteina/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002467.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Dietas con alto contenido de proteínas son seguras para perder peso?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/high-protein-diets/faq-20058207?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Es usted un proveedor de atención al paciente? Si es así, puede ayudar a cocinar, pagar cuentas y administrar medicinas, entre otras cosas. Más aquí. " title="Proveedor de atención al paciente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html" id="2232" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cuidador del paciente</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un proveedor de atención al paciente cuida a personas que necesitan ayuda. La persona que necesita atención puede ser un niño, un adulto o una persona mayor. Es posible que necesite ayuda por una lesión, enfermedad crónica o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad&lt;/a&gt;. O pueden tener una afección crónica como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt; o cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos cuidadores son informales. Pueden ser familiares o amigos. Otros cuidadores son profesionales remunerados. Los cuidadores pueden brindar atención en el hogar, en un hospital u otro entorno de atención médica. A veces, pueden ofrecer sus servicios a distancia. Los tipos de labores que realizan los cuidadores pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ayudar con las tareas diarias como bañarse, comer o tomar medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Realizar labores domésticas y cocinar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Hacer mandados como comprar alimentos y ropa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llevar al paciente a citas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Brindar apoyo emocional y compañía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Organizar actividades y atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar decisiones de salud y financieras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cuidado puede ser gratificante. Puede ayudar a fortalecer la relación con un ser querido. Puede sentir satisfacción al ayudar a alguien más. Pero el cuidado también puede ser estresante y, en ocasiones, incluso abrumador. Puede estar "de guardia" las 24 horas del día. También puede estar trabajando y además tener hijos que cuidar. Por lo tanto, debe asegurarse de no ignorar sus propias necesidades. También debe cuidar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html"&gt;propia salud física y mental&lt;/a&gt;, ya que, al sentirse bien, puede cuidar mejor a su ser querido. También será más fácil concentrarse en la satisfacción de su labor.


&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html" id="610" language="English">Caregivers</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="2246">Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html" id="2260">Servicios de atención médica a domicilio</related-topic>
<site title="Apoyo para quienes cuidan a pacientes con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atención en casos de discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/atencion-en-casos-de-discapacidad-intelectual-o-del-desarrollo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-a-person-who-has-intellectual-or-developmental-disabilities/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bañar a un paciente en la cama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000427.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca seca y las personas mayores: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/dry-mouth-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/dry-mouth-and-older-adults.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cepillado de dientes: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/brushing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/oral-health-aging-brushing.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado a larga distancia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuidado-a-larga-distancia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los adultos con trastornos cognitivos y de la memoria" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-de-los-adultos-con-trastornos-cognitivos-y-de-la-memoria-caring-adults-cognitive/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores informales de pacientes con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/familia-y-amigos/familiares-a-cargo-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/family-friends/family-caregivers-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores y la depresión" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-y-la-depresion-depression-and-caregiving/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/depression-and-caregiving/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores: El estrés y la depresión" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/caregiver-needs/caregiver-stress-and-depression.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar cuidados dentales a bajo costo: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/low-cost-care-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/finding-low-cost-dental-care-EN.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Halar a un paciente hacia arriba en la cama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000429.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recursos para cuidadores de adultos mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000954.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud del cuidador: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traslado de un paciente de la cama a una silla de ruedas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000428.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de la seda dental: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/flossing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/flossing-info-for-caregivers_1.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Voltear a los pacientes en la cama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuidar a una persona que padece la enfermedad de Alzheimer puede ser estresante y abrumador. Es importante que también se cuide a sí mismo. Recursos." title="Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="2246" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Cuidadores de pacientes con Alzheimer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html"&gt;cuidador&lt;/a&gt; (o proveedor de atención a pacientes) atiende a una persona que necesita ayuda para cuidarse. Puede ser gratificante y ayudar a fortalecer la relación con un ser querido. Usted puede sentirse satisfecho al ayudar a otra persona. Pero a veces el cuidado puede ser estresante e incluso abrumador. Esto puede ser especialmente cierto cuando se cuida a alguien con la  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El Alzheimer es una enfermedad que cambia el cerebro. Hace que las personas pierdan la capacidad de recordar, pensar y usar el buen juicio. También tienen problemas para cuidarse a sí mismos. Con el tiempo, a medida que la afección empeora, necesitarán más y más ayuda. Como cuidador, es importante que aprenda sobre el Alzheimer. Es conveniente saber qué le sucede a la persona durante las diferentes etapas de la enfermedad. Esto puede ayudarle a planificar el futuro, de modo de tener todos los recursos disponibles para poder cuidar a su ser querido.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como proveedor de atención al paciente con Alzheimer, sus responsabilidades pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Poner en orden los asuntos de salud, legales y financieros de su ser querido: Si es posible, inclúyalos en la planificación mientras pueda tomar decisiones. Más adelante, deberá hacerse cargo de administrar sus finanzas y pagar sus cuentas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evaluar su casa y asegurarse de que sea segura para sus necesidades&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Monitorear su capacidad para conducir: Es posible que desee contratar a un especialista en manejo que pueda evaluar sus habilidades de conducción. Cuando ya no sea seguro para su ser querido conducir, debe asegurarse de que no lo haga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alentar a su ser querido a realizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html"&gt;actividad física&lt;/a&gt;: Hacer ejercicio juntos puede hacerlo más divertido para el paciente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asegurarse de que su ser querido consuma una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;dieta saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ayudar con las tareas diarias como bañarse, comer o tomar medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer tareas domésticas y cocinar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer mandados como comprar comida y ropa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Acompañarlo a citas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brindar apoyo emocional y compañía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Organizar la atención médica y tomar decisiones de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Mientras cuida a su ser querido con Alzheimer, no ignore sus propias necesidades. Atenderlo puede ser estresante y debe cuidar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html"&gt;propia salud física y mental&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algún momento, no podrá hacer todo por su cuenta. Asegúrese de obtener ayuda cuando la necesite. Hay muchos servicios diferentes disponibles, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html"&gt;Servicios de atención a domicilio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Servicios de guardería para adultos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Servicios de relevo que brindan atención a corto plazo a la persona con Alzheimer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Programas del Gobierno federal y estatal que pueden proporcionar apoyo y servicios financieros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html"&gt;Residencias con atención personalizada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html"&gt;Hogares de personas mayores&lt;/a&gt;, algunos de los cuales cuentan con unidades especiales de cuidado de la memoria para personas con enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuidados &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html"&gt;paliativos&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html"&gt;hospicio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;También puede evaluar contratar a un administrador de atención geriátrica, profesionales especialmente capacitados que pueden ayudarle a encontrar los servicios adecuados para sus necesidades.&lt;/p&gt;



	
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="1564" language="English">Alzheimer's Caregivers</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html" id="1736">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html" id="2232">Proveedor de atención al paciente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alzheimer, Proveedores de atención al paciente</see-reference>
<site title="Adaptar las actividades para una persona con Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/adaptar-actividades-persona-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/adapting-activities-people-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alucinaciones" url="https://www.alz.org/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado/comportamientos/alucinaciones?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alzheimers.gov" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asuntos financieros y las personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/planificacion-legal-financiera/asuntos-financieros-personas-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/legal-and-financial-planning-people-alzheimers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a los familiares y a otros a entender la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/ayudar-familiares-otros-entender-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-and-relationships/helping-family-and-friends-understand-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boca seca y las personas mayores: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/dry-mouth-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/dry-mouth-and-older-adults.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brindar cuidados durante la enfermedad de Alzheimer: Cuidarse a sí mismo" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/brindar-cuidados-durante-enfermedad-alzheimer-cuidarse">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la intimidad y la sexualidad relacionados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-intimidad-sexualidad-relacionados-enfermedad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/changes-intimacy-and-sexuality-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la personalidad y la conducta relacionados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-personalidad-conducta-relacionados-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/alzheimers-caregiving-coping-hallucinations">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en las habilidades de comunicación relacionados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/cambios-habilidades-comunicacion-relacionados" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-changes-behavior-and-communication/communicating-someone-who-has-alzheimers">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cepillado de dientes: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/brushing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/oral-health-aging-brushing.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para los cuidadores y las familias de personas con demencia" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/consejos-cuidadores" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/tips-caregivers">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la demencia en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los adultos con trastornos cognitivos y de la memoria" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-de-los-adultos-con-trastornos-cognitivos-y-de-la-memoria-caring-adults-cognitive/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores de personas con Alzheimer (variedad de temas relacionados con el cuidado de alguien con la enfermedad)" url="https://www.alz.org/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores y la depresión" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/el-cuidado-y-la-depresion-depression-and-caregiving/" language-mapped-url="https://www.caregiver.org/resource/depression-and-caregiving/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidar a una persona con  la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/AlzheimersCaringGuide-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/caring-for-a-Person-with-alzheimers-disease.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar cuidados dentales a bajo costo: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/low-cost-care-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/finding-low-cost-dental-care-EN.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo enfrentar las últimas etapas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/como-enfrentar-ultimas-etapas-enfermedad-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/care-last-stages-alzheimers-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar el lugar adecuado para la persona con Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/encontrar-lugar-adecuado-persona-alzheimer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantener a la persona con Alzheimer segura" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/mantener-persona-alzheimer-segura">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para tratar los síntomas y conductas asociados con el Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidado-medico-enfermedad-alzheimer/medicamentos-tratar-sintomas-conductas-asociados">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtener ayuda para cuidar a la persona con Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/obtener-ayuda-cuidar-persona-alzheimer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de cuidado" url="https://www.alz.org/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado/opciones-de-cuidado?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.alz.org/national/documents/topicsheet_adultday.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palabras para aprender sobre el cuidado de alguien con la enfermedad de Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/enfermedad-alzheimer/palabras-aprender-sobre-cuidado-alguien-enfermedad-alzheimer">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proporcionar cuidado diario a una persona con Alzheimer" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/cuidar-familiar-enfermedad-alzheimer/proporcionar-cuidado-diario-persona-alzheimer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-caregiving/alzheimers-caregiving-bathing-dressing-and-grooming">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proporcionar cuidados de confort al final de la vida" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/al-final-vida/proporcionar-cuidados-confort-al-final-vida" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/end-life/providing-care-and-comfort-end-life">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recursos para cuidadores de personas con Alzheimer o alguna demencia relacionada" url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/es/como-vivir-demencia/recursos-cuidadores" language-mapped-url="https://www.alzheimers.gov/life-with-dementia/resources-caregivers">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud del cuidador: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso de la seda dental: Información para cuidadores" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/flossing-older-adults-spanish-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/flossing-info-for-caregivers_1.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) es un examen de sangre que se utiliza por diferentes motivos en relación a la diabetes tipo 2 y prediabetes. " title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" id="6309" language="Spanish" date-created="02/01/2016">
<also-called>Prueba de A1c</also-called>
<also-called>Prueba de hemoglobina glucosilada</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) es un examen de sangre para la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;. Mide el nivel promedio de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa o azúcar en la sangre&lt;/a&gt; durante los últimos tres meses. Los médicos pueden usar la prueba HbA1c sola o en combinación con otras pruebas de diabetes para hacer un diagnóstico. También utilizan la HbA1c para ver lo bien que está manejando su diabetes. Esta prueba es diferente a los controles de azúcar en la sangre que las personas con diabetes se hacen todos los días. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El resultado de su prueba HbA1c se entrega en porcentajes. Mientras más alto sea el porcentaje, mayor es su nivel de azúcar en la sangre:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un nivel de HbA1c normal es menor al 5,7%&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La prediabetes se ubica entre 5,7 a 6,4%. Tener prediabetes es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Las personas con prediabetes pueden necesitar repetir las pruebas cada año&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La diabetes tipo 2 se ubica por encima del 6,5%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;

Si usted tiene diabetes, debe someterse a la prueba HbA1c por lo menos dos veces al año. Para muchas personas con diabetes, la meta de HbA1c es  un porcentaje inferior a siete. Puede ser diferente para usted. Consulte cuál debería ser su meta. Si el resultado de HbA1c es demasiado alto, es posible que tenga que cambiar su plan de cuidado de la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html" id="6308" language="English">A1C</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>A1c, Prueba de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hemoglobina glicosilada, Prueba de</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Hemoglobina A1c" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood-test-hba1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-test-hba1c.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/control/4-pasos-controlar-vida/conozca-niveles-azucar-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/managing-diabetes/know-blood-sugar-numbers">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de A1C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003640.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de A1C y la diabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/prueba-a1c-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina A1c" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hemoglobina-a1c/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-a1c-hba1c-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las pruebas de laboratorio ayudan a los médicos a determinar cómo está funcionando su cuerpo. Muchos factores afectan los resultados. Entérese aquí." title="Pruebas de laboratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/laboratorytests.html" id="1996" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Tests de laboratorio</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas de laboratorio examinan muestras de sangre, orina o tejidos corporales. Un técnico o el médico analizan las muestras para determinar si los resultados están dentro de los límites normales. Los análisis usan un rango de valores porque lo que se considera normal varía de una persona a otra. Muchos factores afectan los resultados de los análisis. Entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sexo, edad y raza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lo que come y lo que bebe &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las medicinas que toma &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	El seguimiento de las instrucciones antes del análisis &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico también puede comparar los resultados con análisis anteriores. Las pruebas de laboratorio son a menudo parte de un examen de rutina para detectar cambios en su salud. También ayudan a los médicos a diagnosticar cuadros clínicos, planificar o evaluar tratamientos y controlar enfermedades. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/laboratorytests.html" id="210" language="English">Laboratory Tests</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html" id="6356">Análisis de orina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" id="6352">Análisis de sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" id="6309">Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Diagnóstico</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pruebas de orina</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pruebas de sangre</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de orina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayunar para una prueba de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ayunar-para-una-prueba-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biobancos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biobanks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biobanks.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biosensores y su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/biosensores-y-su-salud">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la ansiedad causada por los exámenes médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-afrontar-la-ansiedad-causada-por-los-examenes-medicos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-cope-with-medical-test-anxiety/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo entender el resultado de sus pruebas de laboratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-entender-el-resultado-de-sus-pruebas-de-laboratorio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener muestras de heces en casa / Stool Sample Collection at Home" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/references/pfs/testproc/stool-sample-collection-at-home-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo preparar a su hijo para una prueba de laboratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-preparar-a-su-hijo-para-una-prueba-de-laboratorio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-a-lab-test/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prepararse para una prueba de laboratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-prepararse-para-una-prueba-de-laboratorio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-prepare-for-a-lab-test/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico diferencial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/diagnostico-diferencial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/differential-diagnosis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre pruebas médicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber sobre los análisis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muestreo venoso" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/venous-sampling" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venous-sampling">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c): Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas funcionales hepáticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las pruebas genéticas son exámenes de sangre y otros tejidos para detectar trastornos genéticos. Existen más de dos mil disponibles. Tipos de tests." title="Pruebas genéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" id="1922" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las pruebas genéticas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas genéticas son un tipo de análisis médico que busca cambios en su ADN (o ácido desoxirribonucleico). El ADN contiene las instrucciones genéticas de todos los seres vivos. Las pruebas genéticas estudian sus células o tejidos para buscar cambios en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genes&lt;/strong&gt;: Partes del ADN que contienen la información necesaria para producir una proteína&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cromosomas&lt;/strong&gt;: Estructuras filiformes en sus células. Contienen ADN y proteínas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Proteínas&lt;/strong&gt;: Realizan la mayor parte del trabajo en sus células. Las pruebas pueden buscar cambios en la cantidad y el nivel de actividad de las proteínas. Si se encuentran cambios, podría deberse a modificaciones en su ADN&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué se hacen las pruebas genéticas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas genéticas se pueden realizar por muchas razones diferentes, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Encontrar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades genéticas&lt;/a&gt; en los bebés por nacer. Este es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prueba prenatal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html"&gt;Evaluar a los recién nacidos&lt;/a&gt; para detectar ciertas afecciones tratables&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Reducir el riesgo de enfermedades genéticas en los embriones que se crearon con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;tecnología de reproducción asistida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Averiguar si es portador de un gen de una enfermedad que podría transmitirse a sus hijos. A esto se le llama prueba de portador&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Determinar si tiene un mayor riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad específica. Esto se puede hacer para una enfermedad presente en su familia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diagnosticar ciertas enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Identificar cambios genéticos que pueden estar causando o contribuyendo a una enfermedad que ya le diagnosticaron&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Averiguar qué tan grave es una enfermedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ayudar a guiar a su médico a decidir el mejor medicamento y dosis para usted. A esto se le llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/"&gt;prueba farmacogenómica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se hacen las pruebas genéticas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, las pruebas genéticas se realizan utilizando una muestra de sangre o un frotis bucal. Pero también se pueden realizar con muestras de cabello, saliva, piel, líquido amniótico (el líquido que rodea al feto durante el embarazo) u otros tejidos. La muestra se envía a un laboratorio, donde un técnico utilizará una de varias técnicas diferentes para buscar cambios genéticos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los beneficios de las pruebas genéticas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los beneficios de las pruebas genéticas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ayudar a los médicos a hacer recomendaciones de tratamiento o seguimiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Brindarle más información para tomar decisiones sobre su salud y la de su familia:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si descubre que está en riesgo de contraer una determinada enfermedad, puede tomar medidas para reducir ese riesgo. Por ejemplo, es posible que descubra que debe hacerse una prueba de detección de una enfermedad antes y con más frecuencia. O puede decidir hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html"&gt;cambios saludables en su estilo de vida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si descubre que no está en riesgo de contraer una determinada enfermedad, puede omitir chequeos o exámenes de detección innecesarios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una prueba puede entregar información que le ayude a tomar una decisión sobre tener hijos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


 &lt;li&gt;Identificar los trastornos genéticos en una etapa temprana de la vida para poder iniciar el tratamiento lo antes posible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los posibles problemas de las pruebas genéticas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los riesgos físicos de los diferentes tipos de pruebas genéticas son menores. Pero puede haber inconvenientes emocionales, sociales o económicos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dependiendo de los resultados, puede sentirse enojado, deprimido, ansioso o culpable. Esto puede ser especialmente cierto si le diagnostican una enfermedad que no cuenta con tratamientos efectivos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede estar preocupado por alguna discriminación genética en su trabajo o el seguro médico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Las pruebas genéticas pueden brindarle información limitada sobre una enfermedad genética. Por ejemplo, no puede decirle si tendrá síntomas, qué tan grave puede ser una enfermedad o si empeorará con el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunas pruebas genéticas son caras y es posible que el seguro médico cubra parte del costo. O puede no cubrirlo en absoluto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo decidir si debe hacerse una prueba?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La decisión de someterse a pruebas genéticas es compleja. Además de hablar con su profesional de la salud, puede conversar con un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html"&gt;asesor genético&lt;/a&gt;. Los asesores genéticos tienen especialización y experiencia en genética y consejería. Pueden ayudarle a comprender las pruebas y considerar posibles riesgos y beneficios. Si se hace una prueba, pueden explicarle los resultados y asegurarse de obtener el apoyo que necesita.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" id="262" language="English">Genetic Testing</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHGRI">Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html" id="3812">Asesoramiento genético</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921">Enfermedades genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" id="4042">Evaluación del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" id="3092">Pruebas prenatales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pruebas de diagnóstico para recién nacidos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Recién nacido, Pruebas de diagnóstico</see-reference>
<site title="Cariotipado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003935.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis bucal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003414.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003414.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mapeo genético" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Hoja-de-datos-del-mapeo-gen%C3%A9tico" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Genetic-Mapping-Fact-Sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mutaciones en BRCA: Riesgo de cáncer y pruebas genéticas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/genetica/hoja-informativa-brca" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre pruebas genéticas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/FAQ/Preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-las-pruebas-geneticas" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Genetic-Testing">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de BRCA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-brca/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/brca-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cariotipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de mutaciones de MTHFR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-mutaciones-de-mthfr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mthfr-mutation-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética del PTEN" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética TP 53 (proteína tumoral 53)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetics.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas caseras" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/pruebas-geneticas-caseras.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas para BRCA1 y BRCA2" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000690.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas y su riesgo de cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000842.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000842.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas: Lo que usted debería saber" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pruebas-geneticas-lo-que-usted-deberia-saber/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/genetic-testing-what-you-should-know/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Regulación de pruebas genéticas" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/about-genomics/policy-issues/Regulation-of-Genetic-Tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/policy-issues/Regulation-of-Genetic-Tests">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los riesgos y las limitaciones de las pruebas genéticas? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/riesgoslimitaciones/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/riskslimitations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los usos de las pruebas genéticas? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/usos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/uses">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo estar seguro de que una prueba genética es válida y útil? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/pruebasvalidas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/validtest">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se realizan las pruebas genéticas? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/procedimiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/procedure">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un genetista pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué significan los resultados de las pruebas genéticas? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebas/significadoresultados/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/interpretingresults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las pruebas de ascendencia genética? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebasdirectasalconsumidor/pruebasdeascendencia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/dtcgenetictesting/ancestrytesting">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las pruebas genéticas directas para el consumidor? Información genética de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/pruebasdirectasalconsumidor/queson/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/dtcgenetictesting/directtoconsumer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre los diferentes tipos de pruebas para el COVID-19, quién necesita una y cómo y dónde puede hacérsela." title="Pruebas para el COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html" id="7628" language="Spanish" date-created="11/09/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;enfermedad del coronavirus 2019&lt;/a&gt; (COVID-19) es una enfermedad causada por un virus conocido como SARS-CoV-2. Hay dos tipos de pruebas para este virus:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;strong&gt;prueba viral&lt;/strong&gt; indica si usted tiene una infección actual. Las pruebas virales pueden ser pruebas rápidas o de laboratorio:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/"&gt;pruebas rápidas&lt;/a&gt; se pueden hacer en minutos. A menudo son pruebas de antígenos, que buscan proteínas específicas del virus. Algunas pruebas rápidas son tests que puede realizar usted mismo en casa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las pruebas de laboratorio pueden tardar días en completarse e incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/"&gt;pruebas de PCR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;strong&gt;prueba de anticuerpos (serológica)&lt;/strong&gt;  podría indicar si tuvo una infección en el pasado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si necesita una prueba de COVID-19, usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comprar una prueba casera en línea o en una tienda. Asegúrese de que la prueba esté autorizada por la Administración de Medicamentos y Alimentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA). Visite el sitio web del departamento de salud de su estado o ciudad para obtener información sobre las pruebas en su área&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consultar con su profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Incluso si su prueba viral de COVID-19 es negativa (la prueba no detectó el virus), aún debe tomar medidas para &lt;a href="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html"&gt;protegerse a sí mismo y a los demás&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html" id="7627" language="English">COVID-19 Testing</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7808">Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3182">Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" id="7648">Vacunas contra el COVID-19</related-topic>
<site title="Autoprueba para COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000986.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos de las pruebas para el COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conceptos-basicos-de-las-pruebas-para-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Hacerse la prueba (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-tests.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Pruebas virales (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coronavirus-viral-testing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-viral-testing.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del virus de COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007769.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hisopado nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos para COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007773.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007773.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de anticuerpos para COVID-19" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/covid-19-antibody-testing/about/pac-20489696?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-antibody-testing/about/pac-20489696?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de COVID-19 sin receta médica o de venta libre para diagnóstico en el hogar" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/pruebas-de-covid-19-sin-receta-medica-o-de-venta-libre-para-diagnostico-en-el-hogar" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-otc-covid-19-diagnostic-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de diagnóstico de COVID-19 realizadas en casa: Preguntas frecuentes" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/pruebas-de-diagnostico-de-covid-19-realizadas-en-casa-preguntas-frecuentes#updated-expiration" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/home-covid-19-diagnostic-tests-frequently-asked-questions#updated-expiration">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de PCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de serología de anticuerpos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas médicas en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-medicas-en-el-hogar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/at-home-medical-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para el coronavirus o COVID-19" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gx9aPiCNTw4&amp;ab_channel=U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas rápidas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿En qué difieren los análisis de anticuerpos y las pruebas diagnósticas para COVID-19?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/covid-antibody-tests/faq-20484429?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/covid-antibody-tests/faq-20484429?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las pruebas de salud del corazón pueden ayudar a encontrar las causas de los problemas del corazón. Entérese sobre los tipos de pruebas que existen." title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" id="6453" language="Spanish" date-created="03/06/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt; (cardíacas) son la principal causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos y también una causa importante de discapacidad. Si usted tiene enfermedad del corazón, es importante encontrarla temprano, cuando es más fácil de tratar. Los exámenes de sangre y las pruebas de salud del corazón pueden ayudar a encontrarlas o identificar problemas que pueden causarlas. Existen varios tipos diferentes de pruebas de salud del corazón. Su profesional de la salud decidirá cuáles exámenes o pruebas necesita en base a sus síntomas (si los hay), factores de riesgo y su historia médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Cateterización cardiaca&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El cateterismo cardíaco es un procedimiento médico que se utiliza para diagnosticar y tratar algunas enfermedades cardiacas. Para el procedimiento, el profesional de la salud coloca un catéter (un tubo largo, delgado y flexible) en un vaso sanguíneo en el brazo, la ingle o el cuello y lo dirige hacia el corazón. El proveedor de atención médica puede usar el catéter para:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Realizar una angiografía coronaria: Esto implica usar un tipo especial de tinte en el catéter, para que fluya por el torrente sanguíneo a su corazón. Luego, su proveedor toma &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt; de su corazón. El tinte permite que su proveedor vea sus arterias coronarias en la radiografía y comprobar si hay &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;. Esta afección es causada por acumulación de placa en las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar muestras de su sangre y músculo cardíaco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Examinar sus válvulas cardiacas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer procedimientos como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplastía&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html"&gt;cirugías menores del corazón&lt;/a&gt; para reparar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos cardiacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; o reemplazar válvulas cardiacas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Tomografía computarizada del corazón&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; cardiaca es una prueba de imagen indolora que utiliza rayos X para tomar imágenes claras de todo su corazón y sus vasos sanguíneos. Las computadoras pueden combinar estas imágenes para crear un modelo tridimensional (3D) de todo el corazón. Esta prueba puede ayudar a los profesionales de la salud a detectar varios problemas de corazón incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Acumulación de calcio en las arterias coronarias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Defectos cardiacos congénitos &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de la aorta (la arteria principal que lleva sangre desde el corazón)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con la función cardíaca y las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;válvulas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos del pericardio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antes de hacerse la prueba, recibirá una inyección de contraste. El tinte destaca su corazón y los vasos sanguíneos en las imágenes. El escáner de la tomografía computarizada es una máquina grande con forma de túnel. Usted permanece acostado sobre una mesa que se desliza en el escáner. La máquina toma las imágenes durante unos 15 minutos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Resonancia magnética cardiaca&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; cardíaca es una prueba de imagen indolora que utiliza ondas de radio, imanes y una computadora para crear imágenes precisas de su corazón. Puede ayudar al profesional de la salud a saber si tiene enfermedad cardiaca, y si es así, su gravedad. Una resonancia magnética cardíaca también puede ayudar a su proveedor a decidir la mejor forma de tratar problemas cardíacos como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Defectos congénitos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de válvulas cardíacas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pericarditis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tumores cardíacos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La máquina de resonancia magnética es grande y parece un túnel. Usted se acuesta sobre una mesa que le introduce en la máquina. El procedimiento produce un fuerte ruido al tomar fotos de su corazón. A veces, antes de la prueba, se le puede administrar una inyección de colorante de contraste. Este tinte destaca su corazón y los vasos sanguíneos en las imágenes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Radiografía de pecho&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La radiografía de pecho toma imágenes de los órganos y estructuras dentro del tórax, como el corazón, los pulmones y los vasos sanguíneos. Puede revelar signos de insuficiencia cardíaca, así como trastornos pulmonares y otras causas de síntomas no relacionados con enfermedades del corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Angiografía coronaria&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La angiografía o angiograma de corazón es un procedimiento que utiliza tintes de contraste y radiografías para observar el interior de las arterias. Puede mostrar si hay placa bloqueando las arterias y qué tan grave es el problema. Los profesionales de la salud usan esta prueba para diagnosticar enfermedades cardíacas después de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;dolor en el pecho&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;paro cardíaco&lt;/a&gt; repentino o resultados anormales de otras pruebas cardíacas, como un electrocardiograma o una prueba de estrés.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, para inyectar el tinte a sus arterias coronarias se realiza un cateterismo cardíaco. Luego, el profesional de la salud le saca radiografías especiales mientras el tinte fluye por sus arterias coronarias. El tinte permite a su proveedor analizar el flujo de sangre a través de su corazón y vasos sanguíneos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Ecocardiografía&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La ecocardiografía es una prueba indolora que utiliza ondas de sonido para tomar imágenes de su corazón en movimiento. Las imágenes muestran el tamaño y la forma de su corazón. También muestran qué tan bien funcionan las cámaras y válvulas de su corazón. Los profesionales de la salud usan la ecocardiografía para diagnosticar muchos problemas cardíacos diferentes, y para comprobar lo grave que son.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tipos diferentes de ecocardiografía. Para la prueba de ecocardiografía transtorácica (el tipo más común), un técnico aplica gel en su pecho. El gel ayuda a que las ondas de sonido lleguen al corazón. El técnico mueve un transductor (dispositivo parecido a una varita) sobre su pecho. El transductor está conectado a una computadora y transmite ondas de ultrasonido en su pecho, las que rebotan produciendo un efecto de eco. La computadora convierte los ecos en imágenes de su corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/"&gt;Electrocardiograma&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un electrocardiograma es una prueba indolora que detecta y registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón. Muestra qué tan rápido su corazón late y si el ritmo es constante o irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un electrocardiograma puede ser parte de un examen de rutina para detectar enfermedades del corazón o puede usarse para detectar y estudiar problemas del corazón tales como ataques cardiacos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmia&lt;/a&gt; e insuficiencia cardíaca.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para la prueba, usted permanece inmóvil sobre una mesa mientras una enfermera o técnico coloca unos electrodos (parches que tienen sensores) sobre la piel de su pecho, brazos y piernas. Los cables conectan los electrodos a una máquina que registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/"&gt;Pruebas de estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La prueba de estrés examina cómo funciona su corazón durante el esfuerzo físico. Puede ayudar a diagnosticar la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y comprobar su gravedad. También puede detectar otros problemas como enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas y la insuficiencia cardíaca.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para la prueba, usted hace ejercicio (o se le administra un medicamento si no puede hacer actividad física) para hacer que su corazón trabaje duro y lata rápido. Mientras esto ocurre, se le aplica un electrocardiograma y se le monitorea la presión arterial. Antes o después de la prueba también puede tener un ecocardiograma u otras pruebas de imagen, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html"&gt;escanografía nuclear&lt;/a&gt;. Para la exploración nuclear, se le aplica una inyección de un trazador (una sustancia radiactiva) que se dirige a su corazón. Cámaras especiales detectan la energía del trazador para producir imágenes de su corazón. Estas imágenes se toman después de hacer ejercicio y luego después de descansar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452" language="English">Heart Health Tests</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1942">Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html" id="3956">Escanografía nuclear</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html" id="3954">Imágenes por resonancia magnética</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" id="6782">Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html" id="3950">Rayos X</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html" id="3952">Tomografía computarizada</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corazón, Pruebas</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000096.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía aórtica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003814.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003814.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía coronaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003876.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía coronaria por TC (ACTC)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocoroct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía del ventrículo izquierdo del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003875.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003875.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cardiac-catheter.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cardiac-catheter.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003419.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco derecho de Swan-Ganz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003870.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003869.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007150.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007669.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007669.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia-doppler/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler: ¿Para qué se usa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/faq-20058452?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/FAQ-20058452?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrografía del haz de His" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudios y procedimientos diagnósticos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/estudios-y-procedimientos-diagnosticos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/diagnostic-tests-and-procedures/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fracción de eyección: ¿Qué mide?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/ekg/expert-answers/ejection-fraction/faq-20058286?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ekg/expert-answers/ejection-fraction/faq-20058286?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de terminología cardiovascular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/glosario-de-terminologia-cardiovascular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicina nuclear cardíaca" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cardinuclear" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=cardinuclear">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitor Holter (24 horas)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003877.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitores de eventos cardíacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007700.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007700.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de esfuerzo con ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003878.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de esfuerzo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-esfuerzo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulsioximetría" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética cardíaca (RM cardíaca)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/resonancia-magnetica-cardiaca-rm/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003795.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN cardíaca" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/cardiacmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=cardiacmr">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema cardiovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000023.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007344.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido intravascular cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007266.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculografía derecha del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003874.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventriculografía nuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003822.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un cateterismo cardíaco?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cateterismo-cardiaco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-catheterization">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese cómo las pruebas prenatales evalúan su salud y la de su bebé durante el embarazo. Algunas son de rutina, otras para mujeres en riesgo." title="Pruebas prenatales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" id="3092" language="Spanish" date-created="02/20/2003">
<also-called>Pruebas durante el embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los exámenes prenatales proporcionan información acerca de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;salud de su bebé&lt;/a&gt; antes de nacer. Algunos exámenes rutinarios que se realizan durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; también evalúan su salud. En su primera &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;visita prenatal&lt;/a&gt;, su proveedor de cuidados de salud analizará varias cosas, incluyendo problemas con su sangre, signos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt; y si usted es inmune a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html"&gt;rubéola&lt;/a&gt; y a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html"&gt;varicela&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En el transcurso de su embarazo, su proveedor de cuidados médicos puede sugerirle otros exámenes. Algunos de estos tests son comunes para todas las mujeres, como exámenes para detectar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html"&gt;diabetes gestacional&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Down&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;. Otras pruebas pueden ser ofrecidas basadas en su:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Historia clínica o familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Raza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Resultados de exámenes rutinarios&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen dos tipos de exámenes:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exámenes de detección&lt;/strong&gt;: Buscan posibles problemas de salud en usted o en su bebé. Evalúan riesgos, pero no diagnostican problemas. Si su examen de detección tiene un resultado anormal, no significa que hay un problema. Quiere decir que es necesaria más información. Su proveedor de salud puede explicarle el significado de sus resultados y los posibles próximos pasos a tomar. Puede que necesite someterse a pruebas de diagnóstico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pruebas de diagnóstico&lt;/strong&gt;:  Estas confirman o descartan ciertos problemas de salud en usted o en su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted decide si desea o no hacerse pruebas prenatales. Usted y su proveedor de salud pueden hablar sobre los riesgos y beneficios de estos exámenes y qué tipo de información pueden brindarle. De ahí, puede decidir cuáles son los adecuados para usted.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" id="3091" language="English">Prenatal Testing</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6058">Salud y desarrollo fetal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amniocentesis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Análisis de la sangre materna</see-reference>
<see-reference>Exploración triple</see-reference>
<see-reference>Muestra del villus coriónico (CVS)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prueba de glucosa</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ultrasonido</see-reference>
<site title="Alfa fetoproteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/amniocentesis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/amniocentesis.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003921.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100192_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100192_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis (análisis del líquido amniótico)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/amniocentesis-analisis-del-liquido-amniotico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amniocentesis-amniotic-fluid-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de la sangre materna" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/analisis-de-la-sangre-materna.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre de factor Rh" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis prenatales: ¿Son adecuados para ti?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-testing/art-20045177?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-testing/art-20045177?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico prenatal: Amniocentesis y MVC (muestreo de las vellosidades coriónicas)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/diagnostico-prenatal-amniocentesis-y-mvc/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecocardiografía fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007340.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003778.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003778.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía prenatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100197_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100197_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de distribución de eritrocitos materno-fetales en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003407.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de translucencia nucal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007561.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes prenatales: Primer trimestre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tests-first-trimester.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes prenatales: Segundo trimestre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tests-second-trimester.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes prenatales: Tercer trimestre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tests-third-trimester.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo del bebé antes del parto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000485.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000485.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muertes relacionadas con el embarazo están aumentando y la septicemia es una de las principales razones" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de la vellosidad coriónica o placentaria (CVS)" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/muestra-de-la-vellosidad-corionica.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/chorionic-villus-sampling.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de vellosidad coriónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100194_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100194_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de vellosidades coriónicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/muestra-de-vellosidades-corionicas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chorionic-villus-sampling-cvs/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de vellosidades coriónicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003406.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muestra percutánea de sangre del cordón umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100196_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100196_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ADN fetal libre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-adn-fetal-libre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prenatal-cell-free-dna-screening/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de AFP (alfafetoproteína)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos contra los glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-los-globulos-rojos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-antibody-screen/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cariotipo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección cuádruple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007311.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007311.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-del-grupo-b/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-b-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de GCH cuantitativa en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003510.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/prueba-de-glucosa.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glucose-in-urine-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de glucosa en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de síndrome de Down" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sindrome-de-down/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/down-syndrome-tests/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba sin estrés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-sin-estres/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nonstress-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección durante el embarazo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pruebas-de-deteccion-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/pregnancy-newborns/fetal-health/triple-screening-in-pregnancy.printerview.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas caseras" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/pruebas-geneticas-caseras.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/las-pruebas-prenatales.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/prenatal-tests">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-prenatales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prenatal-panel/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales: Preguntas frecuentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/prenatal-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/prenatal-tests.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y análisis médicos durante el embarazo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/tests-during-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido obstétrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/obstetricus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/obstetricus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué pruebas podría necesitar durante el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preconceptioncare/informacion/necesitar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo/tests-needed">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El cáncer de cuello uterino es causado por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Puede reducir su riesgo vacunándose contra el VPH y realizándose pruebas de detección periódicas." title="Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6207" language="Spanish" date-created="11/05/2014">
<also-called>Diagnóstico para el cáncer cervical</also-called>
<also-called>Exámenes de detección para el cáncer de cérvix</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; El cuello uterino es la parte baja del útero y es donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. Los exámenes para detectar el cáncer son pruebas que se hacen antes de que usted tenga algún síntoma. Cuanto antes se detecte el cáncer, más fácil puede ser de tratar. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los exámenes de detección para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt; (también llamado cervical) son una parte del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html"&gt;chequeo médico de rutina de la mujer&lt;/a&gt;. Existen dos tipos de exámenes: La prueba de Papanicolaou (Pap) y la del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;virus del papiloma humano&lt;/a&gt; (VPH), un virus que se contagia por medio de relaciones sexuales y puede, a veces, causar cáncer. Si los resultados son anormales, el doctor puede recomendar otras pruebas como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Los exámenes de detección para el cáncer de cuello uterino pueden presentar riesgos. Los resultados, a veces, pueden ser incorrectos y derivar en exámenes extras innecesarios. También tienen beneficios. Las pruebas de detección han ayudado a disminuir el número de muertes por cáncer cervical. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted y su doctor deberán analizar los riesgos del cáncer cervical, los pros y contras de los exámenes de detección, a qué edad deberá comenzar a realizarse estas pruebas y cuán seguido deberá hacerlo. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html" id="6206" language="English">Cervical Cancer Screening</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5322">Chequeo médico de la mujer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html" id="1805">Cáncer de cuello uterino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html" id="2281">Virus del papiloma humano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cuello uterino, Exámenes para el cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cérvix, Exámenes para el cáncer</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia dirigida por colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprender los resultados anormales en las pruebas de detección del cáncer cervical" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/comprender-los-resultados-anormales-en-las-pruebas-de-deteccion-del-cancer-cervical/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-interpret-abnormal-pap-smear-results/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la diseñadora de modas Liz Lange venció al cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-la-disenadora-de-modas-liz-lange-vencio-al-cancer-de-cuello-uterino" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-fashion-designer-liz-lange-beat-cervical-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Detección y prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hazte la prueba de detección del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/pruebas-deteccion/hazte-prueba-deteccion-cancer-cuello-uterino" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-screened-cervical-cancer">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres mayores no están haciéndose las pruebas de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino según se recomienda" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/research/older-women-cervical-cancer-screenings.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/research/older-women-may-not-get-needed-cervical-cancer-screenings.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Papanicolau" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/pap-smears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/pap-smears.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ADN para el VPH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007534.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Papanicolaou" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Papanicolau" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003911.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del virus del papiloma humano (VPH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/es/screening/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/screening/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resultados anormales en las pruebas del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y de Papanicolaou" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Las mujeres vírgenes necesitan hacerse la prueba de Papanicolaou?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pap-smear/expert-answers/pap-smear/faq-20057782?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pap-smear/expert-answers/pap-smear/faq-20057782?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La detección del cáncer de próstata, que puede incluir un análisis de sangre de PSA, puede permitir detectar el cáncer de próstata en forma temprana. Hable con su médico para saber si debe realizarse una prueba de detección." title="Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html" id="6209" language="Spanish" date-created="11/05/2014">
<also-called>Diagnóstico para el cáncer de próstata</also-called>
<also-called>Exámenes para la detección del cáncer de próstata</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la detección del cáncer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; es una enfermedad que ocurre cuando las células del cuerpo crecen sin control. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;detección&lt;/a&gt; del cáncer consiste en realizar pruebas para detectar signos de cáncer antes de que tenga algún síntoma. Para cuando el cáncer cause síntomas, es posible que ya se haya propagado a otras partes del cuerpo. Una prueba de detección puede ayudar a encontrar el cáncer temprano, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas de detección de cáncer solo indican si es posible que tenga cáncer. No lo diagnostica. Si una prueba de detección muestra signos de cáncer, deberá realizarse otros exámenes para determinar si tiene cáncer y qué tan grave puede ser.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la detección del cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La prueba de detección del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html"&gt;cáncer de próstata&lt;/a&gt; busca signos de cáncer en la próstata. La próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cáncer de próstata es más común en personas mayores de 50 años. Por lo general, crece lentamente y no causa problemas de salud. De hecho, es posible vivir una vida larga con cáncer de próstata y nunca saber que lo tiene. Pero en ciertos casos, el cáncer de próstata puede diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo y ser muy grave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El objetivo de las pruebas de detección del cáncer de próstata es encontrar cánceres de próstata que tengan más probabilidades de propagarse para que puedan tratarse a tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué pruebas detectan el cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usualmente, dos pruebas se usan para detectar el cáncer de próstata:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/"&gt;Prueba de antígeno prostático específico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: También llamada prueba de sangre PSA. El antígeno prostático específico es una proteína producida por la próstata. Un alto nivel de PSA en la sangre puede significar que tiene cáncer de próstata, pero no es prueba de cáncer, debido a que muchas otras cosas pueden causar niveles altos de PSA, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;agrandamiento de próstata&lt;/a&gt; (hiperplasia prostática benigna o HPB)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html"&gt;problemas&lt;/a&gt; comunes de próstata&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, cuanto más alto sea su antígeno prostático, más probable es que tenga cáncer. Pero un nivel bajo de PSA en la sangre no quiere decir que no pueda tener cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;
 

&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Examen rectal digital (DRE)&lt;/strong&gt;: El examen digital rectal es un examen de próstata. En este examen, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto para palpar su próstata en busca de bultos o cualquier cosa inusual. Esta prueba puede revisar solo un lado de la próstata&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una prueba de antígeno prostático o un examen digital rectal pueden detectar el cáncer de próstata en una etapa temprana. Pero no está claro si la detección y el tratamiento tempranos reducen el riesgo de morir de cáncer de próstata. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre los beneficios y los riesgos de la prueba de detección del cáncer de próstata.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los posibles beneficios y riesgos de la detección del cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;posibles beneficios&lt;/strong&gt; de la detección del cáncer de próstata incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Encontrar y tratar el cáncer de próstata antes de que se propague&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obtener una mejor idea de su riesgo de cáncer de próstata (basado en su prueba de PSA)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;posibles daños&lt;/strong&gt; de la detección del cáncer de próstata incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obtener un resultado falso positivo: Significa que su prueba de antígeno prostático muestra que puede tener cáncer de próstata cuando en realidad no es así. Un falso positivo puede conducir a:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preocuparse mientras le hacen más pruebas para detectar signos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de próstata: En una biopsia, un médico extrae tejido de su próstata para que pueda ser estudiado bajo un microscopio para buscar células cancerosas. Esta es la única manera de diagnosticar el cáncer. Los posibles riesgos de una biopsia de próstata incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sangre en el semen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recibir un tratamiento para el cáncer de próstata que tal vez no sea necesario: Las pruebas de detección del cáncer de próstata pueden llevar a un diagnóstico de cáncer, pero no siempre está claro si es probable que el cáncer crezca y se propague. Podría recibir un tratamiento innecesario para un cáncer que no habría causado algún problema de salud. Y los tratamientos comunes para el cáncer de próstata pueden tener complicaciones graves y permanentes, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;Incontinencia urinaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Disfunción eréctil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;Problemas para controlar sus evacuaciones intestinales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;h3&gt;¿Debería hacerme un examen de detección de cáncer de próstata?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dado que existen beneficios y riesgos en el examen de próstata, debe hablar con su profesional de la salud para decidir si el examen es adecuado para usted. Usted y su proveedor deben considerar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Su edad&lt;/strong&gt;: El riesgo de cáncer de próstata aumenta después de los 50 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Su historial de salud familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: Si algún miembro de su familia ha tenido cáncer de próstata, su riesgo puede ser mayor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su raza&lt;/strong&gt;: El cáncer de próstata es más común en los afroamericanos. Además, tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de próstata a una edad más temprana y de tener una enfermedad más grave&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su salud general&lt;/strong&gt;: ¿Está lo suficientemente bien como para recibir tratamiento para el cáncer de próstata si se le diagnostica?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su preferencia&lt;/strong&gt;: ¿Cómo se siente acerca de los posibles beneficios y daños de la detección, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer    &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html" id="6208" language="English">Prostate Cancer Screening</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html" id="2110">Cáncer de próstata</related-topic>
<see-reference>Próstata, Cáncer diagnosis</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de orina detecta el cáncer de próstata de alto riesgo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-analisis-de-orina-detecta-el-cancer-de-prostata-de-alto" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/urine-test-detects-high-risk-prostate-cancers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del antígeno prostático específico (PSA)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/hoja-informativa-psa" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007665.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de próstata guiada por ultrasonido y por RMN" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/prostate-biopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/prostate-biopsy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de detección de cáncer de próstata: ¿Deberías someterte a una prueba de APE?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/psa-test/in-depth/prostate-cancer/art-20048087?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/psa-test/in-depth/prostate-cancer/art-20048087?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para antígeno prostático específico (PSA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003346.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de detección del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/deteccion-prostata-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-screening-pdq#_13">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de BRCA" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-brca/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/brca-test/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de PSA (antígeno prostático específico)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de cáncer de próstata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000846.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección para el cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/pruebas-de-deteccion-para-el-cancer-de-prostata.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/tests.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Americana Contra El Cáncer para la detección temprana del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/recomendaciones-de-la-sociedad-americana-contra-el-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos de los exámenes de detección del cáncer de próstata" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/paciente/deteccion-prostata-pdq#_33" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-screening-pdq#_35">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la próstata" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mr_prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mr_prostate">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema de puntuación de Gleason" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000920.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000920.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tacto rectal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de próstata" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-prostate" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-prostate">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Debo hacerme una prueba de detección?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/es/screening/get-screened.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/screening/get-screened.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede descubrir el cáncer de próstata en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-prostata/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las pruebas y exámenes de la tiroides verifican cómo su tiroides está funcionando. También se usan para diagnosticar enfermedades como el hipertiroidismo y el hipotiroidismo." title="Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" id="6372" language="Spanish" date-created="07/13/2016">
<also-called>Diagnóstico para la tiroides</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La tiroides es una glándula pequeña con forma de mariposa ubicada al frente del cuello. Produce &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; que controlan la forma en que el cuerpo utiliza la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo y controlan muchas de sus funciones más importantes. Por ejemplo, afectan la respiración, el ritmo cardíaco, el peso, la digestión y el estado de ánimo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas de función tiroidea verifican cómo está funcionando su tiroides. También se utilizan para diagnosticar y ayudar a encontrar la causa de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades de la tiroides&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;hipertiroidismo&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;hipotiroidismo&lt;/a&gt;. Los exámenes de la tiroides incluyen análisis de sangre y pruebas de imagen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los análisis de sangre para la tiroides incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/"&gt;Hormona estimulante de la tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (TSH): Mide la hormona estimulante de la tiroides. En general, esta es la primera prueba que solicitará su profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/"&gt;T3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; y &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/"&gt;T4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:  Miden el nivel de diferentes hormonas de la tiroides en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/"&gt;Prueba de anticuerpos antitiroideos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Mide ciertos anticuerpos tiroideos (indicadores en la sangre). Esta prueba puede ayudar a diagnosticar trastornos tiroideos autoinmunes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas de imagen incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;Tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;Ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html"&gt;Pruebas de medicina nuclear&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; como: 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gammagrafía de tiroides:&lt;/strong&gt; Utiliza pequeñas cantidades de material radiactivo para crear una imagen de la tiroides, mostrando su tamaño, forma y posición. Puede ayudar a encontrar la causa del hipertiroidismo y detectar nódulos tiroideos (protuberancias en la tiroides)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Captación de yodo radiactivo&lt;/strong&gt; (prueba de captación tiroidea): Comprueba cómo su tiroides está funcionando y puede ayudar a encontrar la causa de hipertiroidismo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html" id="6371" language="English">Thyroid Tests</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Tiroides, Diagnóstico</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tiroides, Exámenes</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antitiroglobulina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003557.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antitiroideos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-tsh.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis para determinar el perfil tiroideo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thyroid-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thyroid-tests.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspiración de tiroides con aguja fina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003899.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Captación de yodo radiactivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003689.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía de la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003776.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de inmunoglobulina estimulante de la tiroides (TSI)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003685.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la captación de T3 por resina (T3RU)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003688.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de T3" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003687.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de T4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de TBG en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de la tiroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía y absorción tiroideas" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thyroiduptake" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thyroiduptake">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Por qué Internet no puede diagnosticar su problema de tiroides" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/por-que-internet-no-puede-diagnosticar-su-problema-de-tiroides" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-the-internet-cant-diagnose-your-thyroid-problem">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcitonina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcitonina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcitonin-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tiroxina (T4)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de TSH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función tiroidea" url="https://www.thyroid.org/las-pruebas-de-funcion-tiroidea/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-function-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de la Tiroides</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la tiroides" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de triyodotironina (T3)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de la tiroides" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-thyroid">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las pruebas y exámenes renales miden qué tan bien los riñones están funcionando. Incluyen pruebas de sangre, orina y de imagen." title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" id="6383" language="Spanish" date-created="09/06/2016">
<also-called>Pruebas renales</also-called>
<also-called>Tests para los riñones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Usted tiene dos riñones, órganos del tamaño de un puño ubicados a cada lado de la columna vertebral un poco más arriba de su cintura. Sus riñones filtran y limpian su sangre, eliminando los productos de desecho y produciendo la orina. Las pruebas renales se usan para ver qué tan bien están funcionando sus riñones. Estas incluyen pruebas de sangre, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html"&gt;orina&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imagen&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad renal&lt;/a&gt; en etapa temprana no muestra signos o síntomas. Las pruebas son la única forma de saber cómo están funcionando sus riñones. Es importante que se haga un chequeo por enfermedad renal si tiene los principales factores de riesgo: diabetes, presión arterial alta, enfermedades del corazón o una historia familiar de insuficiencia renal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas renales específicas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tasa-de-filtracion-glomerular-tfg/"&gt;Tasa de filtración glomerular&lt;/a&gt;: Uno de los análisis de sangre más comunes para la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;. Muestra qué tan bien filtran sus riñones &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/"&gt;Prueba de creatinina en sangre y orina&lt;/a&gt;: Chequea los niveles de creatinina, un producto de desecho que sus riñones eliminan de la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de albúmina en orina: Busca la presencia de albúmina, una proteína que puede aparecer en la orina si los riñones están dañados&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de imagen como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt;: Proporciona imágenes de los riñones, las que ayudan al médico a visualizar el tamaño y forma de los riñones, y ver si hay algo inusual
&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;Biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de riñón: Consiste en tomar una pequeña muestra de tejido del riñón para analizarla en un microscopio. Comprueba la causa de la enfermedad renal y qué tan dañados están sus riñones.
&lt;/li&gt;
  

&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html" id="6382" language="English">Kidney Tests</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html" id="1988">Cáncer de riñón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Riñones, Pruebas y exámenes</see-reference>
<site title="Amilasa en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003607.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003524.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de cálculos renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-calculos-renales/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/kidney-stone-analysis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de orina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arteriografía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003781.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003907.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003907.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio ionizado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003486.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cilindros urinarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003586.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de proteínas en suero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen con tira reactiva de proteína en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de albúmina en sangre (sérica)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003480.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003477.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de CO2 en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003469.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003469.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de electroforesis de proteínas en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de glóbulos rojos en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de microalbuminuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003591.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de nitrógeno ureico en la sangre (BUN)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003474.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de nitrógeno ureico en sangre (NUS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-nitrogeno-ureico-en-sangre-nus/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bun-blood-urea-nitrogen/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de potasio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003600.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sodio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de TBG en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del cloruro en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003601.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del nitrógeno ureico en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003605.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Excreción fraccionada de sodio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003602.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía de perfusión renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003831.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003790.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía renal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Renal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Renal">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grupo de pruebas metabólicas básicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003462.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hematuria microscópica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hematuria-microscopica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoelectroforesis en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003592.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panel metabólico básico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panel metabólico completo (PMC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa (PIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielograma intravenoso (PIV)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ivp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína en orina de 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003622.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína total" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003483.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteínas totales y relación albúmina/globulina (A/G)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/proteinas-totales-y-relacion-albumina-globulinaa-g/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/total-protein-and-albumin-globulin-a-g-ratio/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de albúmina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-albumina-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/albumin-blood-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calcio en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-in-urine-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cloruro en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cloruro-en-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chloride-blood-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de creatinina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de fosfato en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-fosfato-en-la-orina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phosphate-in-urine/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de fosfato en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-fosfato-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/phosphate-in-blood/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de inmunofijación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-inmunofijacion/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunofixation-ife-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de magnesio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-magnesio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/magnesium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sobrecarga ácida (pH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003615.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003615.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tasa-de-filtracion-glomerular-tfg/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glomerular-filtration-rate-gfr-test/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del ácido cítrico en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003618.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección de la enfermedad renal" url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/es/todo-sobre-los-rinones/las-pruebas-de-deteccion-de-la-enfermedad-renal" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about-kidneys/tests-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fondo Estadounidense sobre los Riñones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y diagnóstico de la enfermedad de los riñones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/informacion-general/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/tests-diagnosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003896.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de filtración glomerular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007305.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido abdominal" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003770.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volumen urinario en 24 horas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido úrico en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003616.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido úrico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003476.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si le falta una extremidad, una prótesis artificial a veces puede reemplazarla. Esta puede ayudarle con actividades diarias como caminar, comer o vestirse." title="Prótesis de las extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/artificiallimbs.html" id="5574" language="Spanish" date-created="07/28/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las personas pueden perder la totalidad o parte de un brazo o una pierna por una serie de razones. Las más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de circulación debido a la aterosclerosis o a la diabetes, las que pueden requerir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html"&gt;amputación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones traumáticas, incluidas las de accidentes de tráfico y militares de combate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Defectos de nacimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si le falta un brazo o una pierna, un miembro artificial a veces puede reemplazarlo. Este dispositivo, llamado prótesis, puede ayudarle a realizar las actividades diarias como caminar, comer o vestirse. Algunos miembros artificiales le permiten desenvolverse tan bien como antes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/artificiallimbs.html" id="5573" language="English">Artificial Limbs</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html" id="1738">Pérdida de extremidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137">Tecnología asistencial</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amputaciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Brazo, Prótesis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Extremidades artificiales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Miembros artificiales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pierna, Prótesis</see-reference>
<site title="Amy Purdy, practicante de deslizamiento en tabla de nieve en los Juegos Paralímpicos, no desacelera" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/amy-purdy-practicante-de-deslizamiento-en-tabla-de-nieve-en-los-juegos-paralimpicos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/paralympic-snowboarder-amy-purdy-isnt-slowing-down">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coalición de Amputados de América" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/limb-loss-resource-center/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingeniería de rehabilitación" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/ingenier%C3%ADa-de-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/rehabilitation-engineering">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Las prótesis a través del tiempo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/las-protesis-a-traves-del-tiempo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/prosthetics-through-the-ages">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Miembros protésicos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/miembro-prot%C3%A9sico/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-miembros-prot%C3%A9sicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/limb-prosthetics/overview-of-limb-prosthetics">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movimientos biónicos: Conexión de mente y máquina" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/movimientos-bionicos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies protésicos" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/easyread/military-instep/feet-ez.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primeros 12 meses posteriores a la amputación de una extremidad superior" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-12-months-upper-limb/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. Some people also get psoriasis arthritis." title="Psoriasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html" id="373" language="English" date-created="08/12/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. You usually get the patches on your elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms and feet, but they can show up on other parts of your body.  Some people who have psoriasis also get a form of arthritis called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html"&gt;psoriatic arthritis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A problem with your immune system causes psoriasis. In a process called cell turnover, skin cells that grow deep in your skin rise to the surface. Normally, this takes a month. In psoriasis, it happens in just days because your cells rise too fast. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Psoriasis can be hard to diagnose because it can look like other skin diseases. Your doctor might need to look at a small skin sample under a microscope.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Psoriasis can last a long time, even a lifetime. Symptoms come and go. Things that make them worse include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Stress&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dry skin&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Psoriasis usually occurs in adults. It sometimes runs in families. Treatments include creams, medicines, and light therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html" id="2112" language="Spanish">Psoriasis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011565">Psoriasis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6159">Psoriatic Arthritis</related-topic>
<site title="About Psoriasis" url="https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Psoriasis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Psoriasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Psoriasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Erythroderma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001610.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Generalized pustular psoriasis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/generalized-pustular-psoriasis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guttate psoriasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000822.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phototherapy" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/phototherapy?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/psoriasis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/psoriasis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/psoriasis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/psoriasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/psoriasis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/psoriasis-and-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriatic Arthritis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Psoriasis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scalp Psoriasis vs. Seborrheic Dermatitis: What's the Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/FAQ-20058544?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/faq-20058544?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spotlight on Psoriasis: Preventing Patches of Itchy, Sore Skin" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/08/spotlight-psoriasis" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-psoriasis-bajo-la-lupa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Psoriasis?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/psoriasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/psoriasis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zain Verjee Is No Longer Hiding from Psoriasis" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/zain-verjee-is-no-longer-hiding-from-psoriasis" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/zain-verjee-ya-no-se-esconde-de-la-psoriasis">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La psoriasis es una enfermedad de la piel que causa picazón o parches dolorosos de piel engrosada y enrojecida. Algunos desarrollan artritis psoriásica. " title="Psoriasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html" id="2112" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La psoriasis es una enfermedad de la piel que causa picazón o parches dolorosos de piel engrosada y enrojecida con escamas plateadas. Suele aparecer en los hombros, las rodillas, el cuero cabelludo, la espalda, la cara, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies, pero también puede presentarse en otras partes del cuerpo. Algunas personas con esta afección pueden adquirir una forma de artritis conocida como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html"&gt;artritis psoriásica&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;  La causa de la psoriasis es un problema en el sistema inmunitario. En un proceso llamado recambio celular, las células de la piel que crecen en la parte más profunda de la piel avanzan hacia la superficie. Normalmente, esto demora un mes. En la psoriasis, ocurre en algunos días debido a que las células avanzan demasiado rápido. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La psoriasis puede persistir por mucho tiempo, incluso durante toda la vida. Los síntomas aparecen y desaparecen y los factores que pueden empeorarlos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infecciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estrés &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel reseca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ciertas medicinas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La psoriasis suele ocurrir entre los adultos. Algunas veces es hereditaria. Los tratamientos incluyen cremas, medicinas y fototerapia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html" id="373" language="English">Psoriasis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6160">Artritis psoriásica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Soriasis</see-reference>
<site title="Artritis psoriásica: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eritrodermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001610.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/psoriasis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/psoriasis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000434.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/psoriasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/psoriasis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis bajo la lupa: Prevenir los parches de piel urticantes o dolorosos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-psoriasis-bajo-la-lupa" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/08/spotlight-psoriasis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis en comparación con dermatitis seborreica del cuero cabelludo: ¿Cuál es la diferencia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/faq-20058544?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/expert-answers/scalp-psoriasis/FAQ-20058544?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis guttata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000822.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000822.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355845?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis: No es eczema ni es alergia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/Paginas/Psoriasis-Not-Eczema-Not-Allergy.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zain Verjee ya no se esconde de la psoriasis" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/zain-verjee-ya-no-se-esconde-de-la-psoriasis" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/zain-verjee-is-no-longer-hiding-from-psoriasis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la psoriasis?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/psoriasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/psoriasis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. Find out about symptoms and treatment." title="Psoriatic Arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6159" language="English" date-created="08/26/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. You usually get them on your elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms and feet, but they can show up on other parts of your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with psoriasis have psoriatic arthritis.  It causes pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joints.  It is often mild, but can sometimes be serious and affect many joints. The joint and skin problems don't always happen at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor will do a physical exam and imaging tests to diagnose psoriatic arthritis. There is no cure, but medicines can help control inflammation and pain. In rare cases, you might need surgery to repair or replace damaged joints.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html" id="6160" language="Spanish">Artritis psoriásica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015535">Arthritis, Psoriatic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23">Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html" id="373">Psoriasis</related-topic>
<site title="Arthritis by the Numbers: Book of Trusted Facts and Figures" url="https://www.arthritis.org/getmedia/73a9f02d-7f91-4084-91c3-0ed0b11c5814/abtn-2020-final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Foundation: Local Office Directory" url="https://www.arthritis.org/local-offices/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthritis, Psoriatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthritis,+Psoriatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/psoriasis-and-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriatic Arthritis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/psoriatic-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/artritis-psoriasica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriatic arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000413.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psoriatic Arthritis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/psoriatic-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-psoriasica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psoriatic arthritis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/psoriatic-arthritis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psoriatic Arthritis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthritis%2C+Psoriatic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. Two main symptoms are delusions and hallucinations. Learn more." title="Psychotic Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/psychoticdisorders.html" id="4180" language="English" date-created="05/31/2005">
<also-called>Psychoses</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. People with psychoses lose touch with reality. Two of the main symptoms are delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs, such as thinking that someone is plotting against you or that the TV is sending you secret messages. Hallucinations are false perceptions, such as hearing, seeing, or feeling something that is not there.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html"&gt;Schizophrenia&lt;/a&gt; is one type of psychotic disorder. People with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;bipolar disorder&lt;/a&gt; may also have psychotic symptoms. Other problems that can cause psychosis include alcohol and some drugs, brain tumors, brain infections, and stroke.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the cause of the psychosis. It might involve drugs to control symptoms and talk therapy. Hospitalization is an option for serious cases where a person might be dangerous to himself or others.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psychoticdisorders.html" id="4181" language="Spanish">Trastornos psicóticos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011618">Psychotic Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psychoticdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676">Mental Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html" id="392">Schizophrenia</related-topic>
<site title="American Psychiatric Association" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Stimulation Therapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brief psychotic disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001529.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Psychotic Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Psychotic+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drug-Induced Movement-Disorders" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-8b534734-5463-11ec-9b5a-ed2de7b0c803&amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electroconvulsive therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007474.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hallucinations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003258.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Voices and Seeing Things" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Hearing-Voices-and-Seeing-Things-102.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Major depression with psychotic features" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000933.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental status testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metabolic Side Effects of Psychiatric Medications" url="https://aapp.org/ed/presentation/patients?view=link-8-1533575726&amp;.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Psychosis Help" url="https://www.postpartum.net/get-help/postpartum-psychosis-help/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Postpartum Support International</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychosis" url="https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Psychosis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001553.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychotic Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Psychotic+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Schizoaffective Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizoaffective disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000930.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizoaffective disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizoaffective-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Schizophrenia: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Substance- and Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorders" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders/substance-and-medication-induced-psychotic-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-de-la-salud-mental/esquizofrenia-y-trastornos-relacionados/trastornos-psic%C3%B3ticos-inducidos-por-sustancias-o-medicamentos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Psychosis" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-comprender-que-es-la-psicosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Psychiatry?" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-psychiatry">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pubertad es el momento de la vida cuando un niño o una niña madura sexualmente. Ocasiona cambios físicos y afecta a niños y niñas de manera distinta." title="Pubertad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html" id="5570" language="Spanish" date-created="07/28/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pubertad es el momento de la vida cuando un niño o una niña madura sexualmente. Es un proceso que suele ocurrir entre los 10 y 14 años para las niñas y entre los 12 y 16 para los varones. Causa cambios físicos y afecta a niños y niñas de manera distinta. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En las niñas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La primera señal de pubertad es por lo general el desarrollo de los senos.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Luego comienza a crecer el vello en la zona del pubis y las axilas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;menstruación&lt;/a&gt; (o período) por lo general es el último paso.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los niños:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La pubertad comienza generalmente con el crecimiento de los testículos y el pene.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Luego, el vello en el pubis y las axilas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los músculos crecen, la voz se hace más gruesa y el vello facial aparece siguiendo el proceso de la pubertad.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tanto los niños como las niñas pueden tener acné. También suelen tener un aumento repentino en el crecimiento (un aumento rápido de altura) que dura alrededor de dos o tres años. Esto los acerca más a su estatura adulta, la que alcanzan después de la pubertad. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html" id="5569" language="English">Puberty</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html" id="2185">Desarrollo del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033">Menstruación</related-topic>
<site title="Acné (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/acne.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/acne.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Estradiol" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood-test-estradiol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-test-estradiol.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Testosterona" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/testosterone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-testosterone.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chicas y la pubertad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/las-chicas-y-la-pubertad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/girls-and-puberty/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chicos y la Pubertad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/los-chicos-y-la-pubertad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/boys-and-puberty/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con su hijo sobre la pubertad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-about-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-about-puberty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo infantil: Adolescentes jóvenes (12 a 14 años)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/adolescence.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estoy creciendo: Pero, ¿soy normal?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/growing-up-normal.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas de la pubertad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/paginas/stages-of-puberty.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Physical-Development-Whats-Normal-Whats-Not.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ginecomastia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/boybrst.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/boybrst.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inquietudes que las niñas tienen acerca de la pubertad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/paginas/concerns-girls-have-about-puberty.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Concerns-Girls-Have-About-Puberty.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inquietudes que los niños tienen acerca de la pubertad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/paginas/concerns-boys-have-about-puberty.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Concerns-Boys-Have-About-Puberty.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Olor corporal" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pubertad" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/la-pubertad/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubertad en las niñas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000651.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubertad en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000650.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubertad precoz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001168.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubertad precoz (temprana)" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/pubertad-precoz">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Endocrinología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubertad: Qué esperar cuando su hijo atraviesa la pubertad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pubertad-que-esperar-cuando-su-hijo-atraviesa-la-pubertad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/for-parents-what-to-expect-when-your-child-goes-through-puberty/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso de la pubertad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/delayed-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/delayed-puberty.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso de la pubertad en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007695.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso en la pubertad en niñas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007694.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Senos y sostenes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/breasts-bras.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/breasts-bras.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Todo acerca de la pubertad (información para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/puberty.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Todo lo que querías saber sobre la pubertad (información para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/puberty.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varones y la pubertad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/boys-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/boys-puberty.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Video: ¿Soy normal? (Las niñas y la pubertad)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/puberty-normal-video.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la pubertad normal, la pubertad precoz y la pubertad tardía?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos comunes para los problemas de la pubertad?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo me vendrá la menstruación?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/when-period.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/when-period.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud la pubertad precoz y la pubertad tardía?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo me puedo sentir mejor acerca de mi cuerpo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/feel-better-about-body.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué está cambiando mi voz? (información para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/voice-changing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/voice-changing.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué me sale acné?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acne.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son la pubertad normal, la pubertad precoz y la pubertad tardía?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Puberty is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. It causes physical changes, and affects boys and girls differently." title="Puberty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html" id="5569" language="English" date-created="07/28/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Puberty is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. It is a process that usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys.  It causes physical changes, and affects boys and girls differently.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In girls:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first sign of puberty is usually breast development.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;Menstruation&lt;/a&gt; (or a period) usually happens last.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In boys:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puberty usually begins with the testicles and penis getting bigger.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muscles grow, the voice deepens, and facial hair develops as puberty continues.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Both boys and girls may get acne.  They also usually have a growth spurt (a rapid increase in height) that lasts for about 2 or 3 years.  This brings them closer to their adult height, which they reach after puberty.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html" id="5570" language="Spanish">Pubertad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011627">Puberty</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html" id="325">Menstruation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendevelopment.html" id="1587">Teen Development</related-topic>
<site title="All about Puberty (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/puberty.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Test: Estradiol" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood-test-estradiol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood-test-estradiol.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Test: Testosterone" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-testosterone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/testosterone.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Hair" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/puberty/changes_hair.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Odor (For Young Men)" url="https://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/body-odor/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Odor (For Young Women)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boys and Puberty" url="https://familydoctor.org/boys-and-puberty/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/los-chicos-y-la-pubertad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boys and Puberty (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/boys-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/boys-puberty.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breasts and Bras (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/breasts-bras.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/breasts-bras.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can I Stop Myself From Having a Wet Dream? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stop-dreams.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central precocious puberty: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/central-precocious-puberty">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Changes to Your Breasts" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/puberty/changes_breasts.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Puberty" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Puberty%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concerns Boys Have about Puberty" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Concerns-Boys-Have-About-Puberty.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/paginas/concerns-boys-have-about-puberty.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concerns Girls Have about Puberty" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Concerns-Girls-Have-About-Puberty.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/paginas/concerns-girls-have-about-puberty.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delayed Puberty (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/delayed-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/delayed-puberty.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delayed puberty in boys" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007695.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delayed puberty in girls" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007694.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Douching" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/douche.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Everything You Wanted to Know about Puberty (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/puberty.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial male-limited precocious puberty: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-male-limited-precocious-puberty">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="For Parents: What to Expect When Your Child Goes through Puberty" url="https://familydoctor.org/for-parents-what-to-expect-when-your-child-goes-through-puberty/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pubertad-que-esperar-cuando-su-hijo-atraviesa-la-pubertad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Girls and Puberty" url="https://familydoctor.org/girls-and-puberty/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/las-chicas-y-la-pubertad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gynecomastia (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/boybrst.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/boybrst.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Precocious Puberty and Delayed Puberty?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Development: What's Normal? What's Not?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/pages/Physical-Development-Whats-Normal-Whats-Not.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/paginas/stages-of-puberty.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precocious puberty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001168.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001168.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Precocious Puberty (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/precocious.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puberty in boys" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000650.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puberty in girls" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000651.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puberty" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Puberty%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Child about Puberty" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-about-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-about-puberty.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timing and Stages of Puberty" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/puberty/timing.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Puberty (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-puberty.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Treatments for Problems of Puberty?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Normal Puberty, Precocious Puberty, and Delayed Puberty?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Puberty, Precocious Puberty, and Delayed Puberty?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/puberty/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's an Adam's Apple? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/adams-apple.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Will I Get My Period? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/when-period.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/when-period.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Is My Voice Changing? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/voice-changing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/voice-changing.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pubic lice, or crabs, are tiny parasitic insects. They usually live in the pubic area, and most often spread through sexual contact. Find out how to tell if you have them, and how to treat them." title="Pubic Lice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html" id="6947" language="English" date-created="04/18/2018">
<also-called>Crabs</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are pubic lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pubic lice (also called crabs) are tiny insects which usually live in the pubic or genital area of humans. They are also sometimes found on other coarse body hair, such as hair on the legs, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes. Pubic lice on the eyebrows or eyelashes of children or teens may be a sign of sexual exposure or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;abuse&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pubic lice are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. They are one of the three types of lice that live on humans. The other two types are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html"&gt;head lice&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html"&gt;body lice&lt;/a&gt;. Each type of lice is different, and getting one type does not mean that you will get another type.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do pubic lice spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pubic lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. They usually spread through sexual contact. Occasionally, they may spread through physical contact with a person who has pubic lice, or through contact with clothing, beds, bed linens, or towels that were used by a person with pubic lice. You cannot get pubic lice from animals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for pubic lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since they spread mainly through sexual contact, pubic lice are most common in adults.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of pubic lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most common symptom of pubic lice is intense itching in the genital area. You may also see nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;How do you know if you have pubic lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A diagnosis of a pubic lice usually comes from seeing a louse or nit. But lice and nits can be difficult to find because there may be only a few present. Also, they often attach themselves to more than one hair, and they do not crawl as quickly as head and body lice. Sometimes it takes a magnifying lens to see the lice or nits.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who have pubic lice should also be checked for other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs), and their sexual partners should also be checked for pubic lice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for pubic lice?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main treatment for pubic lice is a lice-killing lotion. Options include a lotion that contains permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide. These products are available over-the-counter without a prescription. They are safe and effective when you use them according to the instructions. Usually one treatment will get rid of the lice. If not, you may need another treatment after 9-10 days.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;There are other lice-killing medicines that are available with a prescription from your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should also wash your clothes, bedding, and towels with hot water, and dry them using the hot cycle of the dryer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html" id="6948" language="Spanish">Ladilla</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020061">Phthirus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010373">Lice Infestations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="About Pubic &quot;Crab&quot; Lice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/about/pubic-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/es/about/acerca-de-los-piojos-pubicos-ladillas.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic lice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000841.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic Lice (Crabs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-lice.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic Lice (Crabs)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pubic-lice-crabs/symptoms-causes/syc-20350300?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pubic-lice-crabs/symptoms-causes/syc-20350300?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic Lice (Crabs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pubic-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pubic-lice.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic Lice (Pediculosis Pubis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/pediculosis-pubis-pubic-lice?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic Lice" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(pubic+lice[text]+OR+pubic+louse[text]+OR+phthirus[mh]+OR+pthirus+pubis[text]+OR+pediculosis+pubis[text]+OR+crab+lice[text]+OR+crab+louse[text])+NOT+(scabies[mh]+OR+scabies[text])+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+comment[pt])+AND+%22last+5+Years%22[edat]">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treatment  of Pubic Lice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lice/treatment/pubic-lice.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The cause is usually a blood clot in the leg called deep vein thrombosis. Learn more." title="Pulmonary Embolism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="377" language="English" date-created="01/18/2000">
<also-called>Blood clots in the lung</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. It usually happens when a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. PE is a serious condition that can cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Permanent damage to the lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low oxygen levels in your blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage to other organs in your body from not getting enough oxygen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;PE can be life-threatening, especially if a clot is large, or if there are many clots.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes a pulmonary embolism (PE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause is usually a blood clot that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. The clot is usually a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html"&gt;deep vein thrombosis&lt;/a&gt; (DVT), a clot in the leg. In rare cases, material such as air bubbles, clumps of fat, or parts of a tumor can block the lung artery and cause PE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop a pulmonary embolism (PE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get a pulmonary embolism (PE), but certain things can raise your risk of PE:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having surgery,&lt;/strong&gt; especially joint replacement surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain medical conditions,&lt;/strong&gt; including&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cancers&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Heart diseases&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Lung diseases&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;A broken hip or leg bone or other trauma&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormone-based medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control pills&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;hormone replacement therapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pregnancy and childbirth.&lt;/strong&gt; The risk is highest for about six weeks after childbirth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not moving for long periods,&lt;/strong&gt; such as being on bed rest, having a cast, or taking a long plane flight.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk increases as you get older, especially after age 40.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Family history and genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain genetic changes that can increase your risk of blood clots and PE.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Obesity&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of PE include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest pain or discomfort, which usually gets worse when you cough or take a deep breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased heart rate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coughing up blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Very low blood pressure, lightheadedness, or fainting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people with PE don't have any symptoms until they have serious complications, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;pulmonary hypertension&lt;/a&gt; (high blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs).
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is a pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It can be difficult to diagnose PE. To find out if you have a PE, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms and risk factors for PE&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Likely order some tests, including various&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt; imaging&lt;/a&gt; and blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for a pulmonary embolism (PE)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have PE, you need medical treatment right away. The goal of treatment is to break up clots and help keep other clots from forming. Treatment options include medicines and procedures.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anticoagulants,&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;, keep blood clots from getting larger and stop new clots from forming. You might get them as an injection, a pill, or through an I.V. (intravenous). They can cause bleeding, especially if you are taking other medicines that also thin your blood, such as aspirin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thrombolytics&lt;/strong&gt; are medicines to dissolve blood clots. You may get them if you have large clots that cause severe symptoms or other serious complications. Thrombolytics can cause sudden bleeding, so they are used if your PE is serious and may be life-threatening.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedures&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Catheter-assisted thrombus removal&lt;/strong&gt; uses a flexible tube to reach a blood clot in your lung. Your health care provider can insert a tool in the tube to break up the clot or to deliver medicine through the tube. Usually you will get medicine to put you to sleep for this procedure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A vena cava filter&lt;/strong&gt; may be used in some people who cannot take blood thinners. Your health care provider inserts a filter inside a large vein called the vena cava. The filter catches blood clots before they travel to the lungs, which prevents pulmonary embolism. But the filter does not stop new blood clots from forming.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can pulmonary embolism (PE) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Preventing new blood clots can prevent PE. Prevention may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Continuing to take blood thinners. It's also important to get regular checkups with your provider, to make sure that the dosage of your medicines is working to prevent blood clots but not causing bleeding.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart-healthy lifestyle changes, such as heart-healthy eating, exercise, and, if you smoke, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;/li&gt;Using compression stockings to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
&lt;li&gt;Moving your legs when sitting for long periods of time (such as on long trips).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Moving around as soon as possible after surgery or being confined to a bed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
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<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html">Spanish</other-language>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076">Blood Clots</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="1683">Deep Vein Thrombosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html" id="533">Vascular Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blood Clots in the Lung</see-reference>
<site title="About Venous Thromboembolism (Blood Clots)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/NCBDDD/Spanish/dvt/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Data and Statistics on Venous Thromboembolism" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/data-research/facts-stats/">
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<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
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</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Embolism" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pulmonary+Embolism%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Understanding Your Risk for Blood Clots with Travel" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/risk-factors/travel.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/dvt/travel.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
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</site>
<site title="Venous Thromboembolism and Marathon Athletes" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004586">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Venous Thromboembolism?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/venous-thromboembolism" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tromboembolia-venosa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pulmonary fibrosis (Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or IPF) is a condition where the tissue deep in the lungs becomes scarred over time. Find symptoms." title="Pulmonary Fibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html" id="378" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<also-called>IPF</also-called>
<also-called>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the tissue deep in your lungs becomes scarred over time.  This tissue gets thick and stiff.  That makes it hard for you to catch your breath, and your blood may not get enough oxygen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of pulmonary fibrosis include environmental pollutants, some medicines, some connective tissue diseases, and interstitial lung disease. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html"&gt;Interstitial lung disease&lt;/a&gt; is the name for a large group of diseases that inflame or scar the lungs. In most cases, the cause cannot be found.  This is called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dry, hacking cough that doesn't get better&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss for no known reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aching muscles and joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clubbing, which is the widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your doctor may use your medical history, imaging tests, a biopsy, and lung function tests to diagnose pulmonary fibrosis. There is no cure. Treatments can help with symptoms and improve your quality of life. They include medicines, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, or a lung transplant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<descriptor id="D011658">Pulmonary Fibrosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html" id="5597">Interstitial Lung Diseases</related-topic>
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<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pulmonary Fibrosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pulmonary+Fibrosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
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<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
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<site title="Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000069.htm">
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<site title="Introduction to Pulmonary Fibrosis" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pulmonary-fibrosis/introduction">
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<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
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<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Pulmonary Fibrosis?" url="https://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/understanding-pff/about-pulmonary-fibrosis/what-is-pulmonary-fibrosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is high blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs. It makes your heart work harder, which can lead to heart failure." title="Pulmonary Hypertension" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html" id="3634" language="English" date-created="11/18/2003">
<also-called>Pulmonary arterial hypertension</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is pulmonary hypertension? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pulmonary hypertension, sometimes called PH, is a serious condition that affects the blood vessels in the lungs. It develops when the blood pressure in your lungs is higher than normal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your heart pumps blood to your lungs so they can add oxygen to the blood. The blood goes back to your heart. From there, it travels to the rest of your body so that your tissues can get the oxygen that they need.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The blood moves from your heart to your lungs through blood vessels called pulmonary arteries. If the pulmonary arteries become damaged, narrowed, or blocked, the blood does not flow through them as well. This can increase the blood pressure in the arteries and cause pulmonary hypertension.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The different types are based on what caused the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes pulmonary hypertension?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pulmonary hypertension can develop on its own or be caused by another condition. Sometimes the cause is unknown or is not clear.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the possible causes include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;, including left-sided &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Lung diseases&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html"&gt;interstitial lung disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html"&gt;emphysema&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other medical conditions such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Liver diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html"&gt;Sickle cell disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;Pulmonary embolism&lt;/a&gt; (blood clots in the lungs)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;Connective tissue disorders&lt;/a&gt; like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html"&gt;scleroderma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors can make you more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your age.&lt;/strong&gt; The risk increases as you get older. The condition is usually diagnosed between ages 30 and 60.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your environment.&lt;/strong&gt; Being exposed to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html"&gt;asbestos&lt;/a&gt; or having certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;infections caused by parasites&lt;/a&gt; can raise your risk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your family history and genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html"&gt;Down syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, congenital heart disease, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html"&gt;Gaucher disease&lt;/a&gt;, can raise your risk of pulmonary hypertension. So can a family history of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your lifestyle habits.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;illegal drug use&lt;/a&gt; can raise your risk of developing pulmonary hypertension.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; For example, some medicines used to treat cancer and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; can make you more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Pulmonary hypertension is more common in women than in men.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are sometimes hard to recognize and are similar to the symptoms of other medical conditions. So sometimes it can take years for someone to get diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt; or pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt; that may lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;fainting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html"&gt;Swelling&lt;/a&gt; of the abdomen, legs, or feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart palpitations (the feeling that your heart is pounding or beating too fast)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can pulmonary hypertension cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pulmonary hypertension can get worse over time and lead to serious problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt;, which can cause your body to not get enough oxygen-rich blood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;Arrhythmias&lt;/a&gt;, problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood clots in the pulmonary arteries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding in the lungs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Liver damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pericardial effusion, a collection of fluid around the heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy complications&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is pulmonary hypertension diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have pulmonary hypertension, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your &lt;strong&gt;medical history and symptoms&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a &lt;strong&gt;physical exam,&lt;/strong&gt; which may include checking your blood oxygen, listening to your heart and lungs, and checking your blood pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order some tests, such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Blood tests&lt;/strong&gt; to look for blood clots, stress on the heart, or anemia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heart imaging tests,&lt;/strong&gt; such as a cardiac &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lung imaging tests,&lt;/strong&gt; such as chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;An &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;electrocardiogram&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (ECG or EKG)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for pulmonary hypertension?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Often there is no cure for pulmonary hypertension, but treatments can help manage your symptoms. Your provider will work with you to come up with a treatment plan. It will be based on your needs and the cause of the pulmonary hypertension. The plan may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Healthy lifestyle changes,&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html"&gt;Healthy eating&lt;/a&gt;, which includes eating less &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;, which may be done through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines,&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicines to control the rate blood is pumped throughout the body&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicines to relax blood vessels and allow the blood to flow better&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicine to reduce swelling (diuretics)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Procedures&lt;/strong&gt; to reduce pressure in the heart or pulmonary artery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In some severe cases, a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;lung transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html" id="3635" language="Spanish">Hipertensión pulmonar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006976">Hypertension, Pulmonary</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cor Pulmonale</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypertension, Pulmonary</see-reference>
<see-reference>Primary Pulmonary Hypertension</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension</see-reference>
<site title="Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alveolar-capillary-dysplasia-with-misalignment-of-pulmonary-veins">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Familial+Primary+Pulmonary+Hypertension%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypertension, Pulmonary" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypertension,+Pulmonary%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pulmonary+Arterial+Hypertension%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pulmonary Heart Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pulmonary+Heart+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cor pulmonale" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000129.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung diffusion testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Hypertension" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypertension%2C+Pulmonary%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003813.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary arterial hypertension: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pulmonary-arterial-hypertension">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Hypertension" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/symptoms-causes/syc-20350697?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Hypertension" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pulmonary-hypertension/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hipertension-pulmonar-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary hypertension" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000112.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Hypertension: High Blood Pressure in the Heart-to-Lung System" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/pulmonary-hypertension-high-blood-pressure-in-the-heart-to-lung-system">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000075.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000075.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pulmonary-veno-occlusive-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Pulmonary Hypertension?" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulmonary-hypertension.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Pulmonary Hypertension?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pulmonary-hypertension">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Pulmonary Rehabilitation is a medically supervised program to help people with chronic breathing problems, like COPD or cystic fibrosis. Learn more." title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980" language="English" date-created="02/14/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is pulmonary rehabilitation?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pulmonary rehabilitation, also known as pulmonary rehab or PR, is a program for people who have chronic (ongoing) &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;. It can help improve your ability to function and quality of life. PR does not replace your medical treatment. Instead, you use them together.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;PR is often an outpatient program that you do in a hospital or clinic. Some people have PR in their homes. You work with a team of health care providers to find ways to lessen your symptoms, increase your ability to exercise, and make it easier to do your daily activities.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs pulmonary rehabilitation?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) if you have a chronic lung disease or another condition that makes it hard for you to breathe and limits your activities. For example, PR may help you if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The two main types are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html"&gt;emphysema&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;chronic bronchitis&lt;/a&gt;. In COPD, your airways (tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs) are partially blocked. This makes it hard to get air in and out.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html"&gt;interstitial lung disease&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sarcoidosis.html"&gt;sarcoidosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html"&gt;pulmonary fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;. These diseases cause scarring of the lungs over time. This makes it hard to get enough oxygen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;cystic fibrosis&lt;/a&gt; (CF). CF is an inherited disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to collect in the lungs and block the airways.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Need lung surgery. You may have PR before and after lung surgery to help you prepare for and recover from the surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a muscle-wasting disorder that affects the muscles used for breathing. An example is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;muscular dystrophy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;PR works best if you start it before your disease is severe. However, even people who have advanced lung disease can benefit from PR.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What does pulmonary rehabilitation include?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you first start pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), your team of health care providers will want to learn more about your health. You will have lung function, exercise, and possibly blood tests. Your team will go over your medical history and current treatments. They may check on your mental health and ask about your diet. Then they will work together to create a plan that is right for you. It may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exercise training.&lt;/strong&gt; Your team will come up with an exercise plan to improve your endurance and muscle strength. You will likely have exercises for both your arms and legs. You might use a treadmill, stationary bike, or weights. You may need to start slowly and increase your exercise as you get stronger.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nutritional counseling.&lt;/strong&gt; Being either overweight or underweight can affect your breathing. A nutritious eating plan can help you work towards a healthy weight.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Education about your disease and how to manage it.&lt;/strong&gt; This includes learning how to avoid situations that make your symptoms worse, how to avoid infections, and how/when to take your medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Techniques you can use to save your energy.&lt;/strong&gt; Your team may teach you easier ways to do daily tasks. For example, you may learn ways to avoid reaching, lifting, or bending. Those movements make it harder to breathe, since they use up energy and make you tighten your abdominal muscles. You may also learn how to better deal with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;, since stress can also take up energy and affect your breathing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breathing strategies.&lt;/strong&gt; You will learn techniques to improve your breathing. These techniques may increase your oxygen levels, decrease how often you take breaths, and keep your airways open longer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psychological counseling and/or group support.&lt;/strong&gt; It can feel scary to have trouble breathing. If you have a chronic lung disease, you are more likely to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, or other emotional problems. Many PR programs include counseling and/or support groups. If not, your PR team may be able to refer you to an organization that offers them.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5981" language="Spanish">Rehabilitación pulmonar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008171">Lung Diseases</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000534">rehabilitation</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chest Physical Therapy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lung Rehabilitation</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing and Relaxation" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/stress-and-relaxation/breathing-and-relaxation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Physical Therapy" url="https://www.cff.org/managing-cf/chest-physical-therapy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Cystic Fibrosis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lung Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lung+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="COPD: Breathing Exercises and Techniques" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/overview/lifestyle/breathing?modal=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and COPD" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/living-with-copd/nutrition">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postural drainage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="PubMed search for lst 2 years for new topic. RLG" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lung+Diseases%2Frehabilitation%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pulmonary-rehabilitation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/espanol/rehabilitacion-pulmonar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulmonary-rehab.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Path to Breathing Better" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/pulmonary-rehabilitation-path-breathing-better-infographic">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El pénfigo es una enfermedad autoinmune de la piel. Puede ser del tipo vulgar, que afecta la piel o la boca, o foliáceo, que genera ampollas en la piel." title="Pénfigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pemphigus.html" id="4949" language="Spanish" date-created="09/28/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El pénfigo vulgar es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedad autoinmunitaria&lt;/a&gt; en la que los anticuerpos atacan a células sanas en su piel y boca, causando ampollas y llagas. No se sabe la causa de este ataque. El pénfigo no se pasa de persona a persona. Tampoco pareciera ser heredado. Pero algunas personas tienen mayor riesgo genético de contraer pénfigo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El pénfigo foliáceo es también una enfermedad autoinmunitaria de la piel. Genera ampollas profundas que no se rompen fácilmente. Es más común en personas mayores y puede ser fatal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican el pénfigo a través de un examen físico, una biopsia y pruebas de sangre. El tratamiento para el pénfigo vulgar y foliáceo es el mismo, una o más medicinas para controlar los síntomas. Estas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;Corticoides&lt;/a&gt;, que reducen la inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drogas que suprimen la respuesta del sistema inmunitario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antibióticos para tratar las infecciones concurrentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pemphigus.html" id="4948" language="English">Pemphigus</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Penfigoide ampolloso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000883.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000883.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pénfigo" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/penfigo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pemphigus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pénfigo vulgar" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13138/penfigo-vulgar/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pénfigo vulgar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000882.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signo de Nikolski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003285.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen muchas causas de la pérdida del cabello. La caída del pelo afecta más a los hombres, sobre todo durante el envejecimiento. Más aquí." title="Pérdida de cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html" id="5283" language="Spanish" date-created="09/02/2009">
<also-called>Caída de pelo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted pierde cerca de 100 pelos de su cabeza por día. Eso es normal y en la mayoría de las personas esos cabellos vuelven a crecer. Pero muchos hombres, y algunas mujeres, pierden pelo a medida que envejecen. También puede perderlo si sufre ciertas enfermedades, como problemas de la tiroides, diabetes o lupus. Si toma ciertas medicinas o está en tratamiento de quimioterapia por cáncer también puede perder pelo. Otras causas son el estrés, una dieta baja en proteínas, historia familiar o mala nutrición. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para la pérdida del cabello depende de las causas. En algunos casos, tratar la causa puede solucionar el problema. Otros tratamientos incluyen medicinas o trasplante capilar. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html" id="5282" language="English">Hair Loss</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairproblems.html" id="1929">Problemas del cabello</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alopecia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cabello, Pérdida</see-reference>
<see-reference>Caída de cabello</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pelo, Caída</see-reference>
<site title="Alopecia (pérdida de pelo)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/trastornos-del-pelo/alopecia-p%C3%A9rdida-de-pelo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alopecia areata" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/alopecia-areata" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/alopecia-areata">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alopecia areata" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001450.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calvicie de patrón femenino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001173.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001173.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calvicie de patrón masculino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001177.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001177.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caída del cabello" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/caida-del-cabello-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/hair-loss/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caída del cabello (alopecia)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/hair-loss-alopecia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Hair-Loss-Alopecia.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caída del cabello: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hair-loss/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372932?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer frente al cáncer: Pérdida del cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000914.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel, pelo y uñas: La capa protectora del cuerpo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/skin-hair-nails.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003246.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003246.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida del cabello" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/perdida-del-cabello/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia y caída del cabello: Qué esperar durante el tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/in-depth/hair-loss/art-20046920?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/in-depth/hair-loss/ART-20046920?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de cabello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007205.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007205.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricotilomanía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001517.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu pelo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hair-nosw.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/kid/body/hair_SW.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿El estrés puede causar la caída del cabello?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/expert-answers/stress-and-hair-loss/faq-20057820?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/expert-answers/stress-and-hair-loss/faq-20057820?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pierde hebras de cabello?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/pierde-hebras-de-cabello" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/missing-strands">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La pérdida de extremidades y la amputación tiene varias causas, incluyendo defectos congénitos, diabetes y lesiones. La terapia física puede ayudar." title="Pérdida de extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html" id="1738" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Pérdida de una parte del cuerpo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las personas pueden perder todo o parte de un brazo o una pierna por varias razones. Las más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de circulación. Estos pueden ser resultado de la ateroesclerosis o la diabetes. Los casos severos pueden requerir una amputación &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lesiones, incluyendo las por accidentes de tráfico y por combate militar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Defectos congénitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos amputados sufren de dolores fantasmas, que es la sensación de dolor en la extremidad ausente. Otros problemas físicos incluyen complicaciones por la cirugía y problemas de la piel, en el caso de que use una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/artificiallimbs.html"&gt;extremidad artificial&lt;/a&gt;. Muchos amputados utilizan las extremidades artificiales. Aprender a usarlas requiere tiempo. La fisioterapia puede ayudarlo a adaptarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La recuperación tras perder una extremidad puede ser difícil. Sentir tristeza, rabia y frustración es común. Si usted tiene dificultades, hable con su médico. El tratamiento con medicina o con terapia puede ayudar. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html" id="518" language="English">Limb Loss</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/artificiallimbs.html" id="5574">Prótesis de las extremidades</related-topic>
<see-reference>Amputaciones</see-reference>
<see-reference>Brazo, Pérdida de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lisiados</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pierna, Pérdida de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras la amputación de un pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000013.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras la amputación de una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000014.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amputación de un pie o una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007365.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007365.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amputación traumática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000006.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos psicológicos de la amputación" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-psychological-aspects/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio de apósito por amputación de un pie o una pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coalición de Amputados de América" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/limb-loss-resource-center/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones diabéticas y prevención de la amputación" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/diabetic-complications-and-amputation-prevention">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor y el amputado" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/easyread/fact_sheets/painmgmt-ez.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cosas que saber y considerar ante una amputación" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-before-amputation/" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/points-to-know/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando un padre pierde una extremidad: Cómo ayudar a los hijos a entenderlo" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/fact_sheets/childcope.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/when-a-parent-loses-a-limb-helping-children-cope/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de las heridas: Prevención de infecciones" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/spanish/easyread/fact_sheets/woundcare-ez.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/wound-care-preventing-infection/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor del miembro fantasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000050.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfrentando la cirugía de amputación" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-amputation-surgery/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extremidades ausentes o incompletas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/defectos-cong%C3%A9nitos-de-la-cara-los-huesos-las-articulaciones-y-los-m%C3%BAsculos/extremidades-ausentes-o-incompletas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/birth-defects-of-the-bones-joints-and-muscles/missing-or-incompletely-formed-limbs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros 12 meses posteriores a la amputación de una extremidad superior" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-12-months-upper-limb/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de extremidades: Definiciones" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-limb-loss-definitions/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación tras la amputación de un miembro" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/fundamentos/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n-tras-la-amputaci%C3%B3n-de-un-miembro" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation/rehabilitation-after-limb-amputation">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reimplantación de los dedos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002967.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El dolor por la pérdida de un ser querido es el período de sufrimiento y duelo después de una muerte. Encuentre apoyo y entérese más sobre el luto." title="Pérdida de un ser querido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bereavement.html" id="1770" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Duelo</also-called>
<also-called>Luto</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El dolor por la pérdida de un ser querido es el período de sufrimiento y duelo después de una muerte. El llorar a alguien es una parte del proceso normal de reacción ante una pérdida. Usted puede experimentar el sufrimiento como una reacción mental, física, social o emocional. Las reacciones mentales pueden incluir el enojo, la culpabilidad, ansiedad, tristeza y desesperación. Las reacciones físicas pueden incluir problemas para dormir, cambios en el apetito, problemas físicos o enfermedades. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La duración del dolor por la pérdida de un ser querido puede depender de la cercanía de la relación con la persona fallecida, si era de esperarse la muerte, y otros factores. Los amigos, los familiares y la fe pueden ser fuentes de apoyo. La orientación o la terapia para el sufrimiento también es útil para algunas personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bereavement.html" id="159" language="English">Bereavement</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html" id="1844">Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Duelo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Luto</see-reference>
<see-reference>Muerte</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pena</see-reference>
<site title="5 ideas para superar la muerte de un ser querido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/coping-grief.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/coping-grief.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aflicción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001530.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001530.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aflicción, duelo y manejo de la pérdida (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/cancer-avanzado/cuidadores/planificacion/perdida-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/caregivers/planning/bereavement-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Búsqueda de ayuda y apoyo para el duelo y la pérdida" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/atencion-en-la-etapa-final-de-la-vida/afliccion-y-perdida/depresion-y-afliccion-complicada.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/end-of-life-care/grief-and-loss/depression-and-complicated-grief.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consuelo para una pérdida" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/consuelo-para-una-perdida.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando muere una mascota" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pet-death.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pet-death.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a su hijo a enfrentar la muerte de un ser querido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/death.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/death.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a un niño a sobrellevar la pérdida de un ser querido" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/personas-que-atienden-a-la-persona-con-cancer/apoyo-a-ninos-cuando-un-ser-querido-tiene-cancer/enfermedad-terminal-en-uno-de-los-padres/como-sobrellevan-la-perdida.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/caregivers/helping-children-when-a-family-member-has-cancer/dealing-with-parents-terminal-illness/kids-understanding-death.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo sobrellevar la muerte de un compañero de trabajo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/sobrellevar?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/coworker.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duelo complicado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/symptoms-causes/syc-20360374?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complicated-grief/symptoms-causes/syc-20360374?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duelo por la muerte de un cónyuge" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/luto-duelo/duelo-muerte-conyuge" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/grief-and-mourning/coping-grief-and-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Duelo por suicidio: Recuperarse después del suicidio de un ser querido" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/suicide/art-20044900?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/suicide/art-20044900?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duelo y pena" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/atencion-en-la-etapa-final-de-la-vida/afliccion-y-perdida/proceso-de-duelo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/end-of-life-care/grief-and-loss/grieving-process.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duelo: Cómo sobrellevar la muerte de un ser querido" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/families/duelo?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duelo: Enfrentar la enfermedad, la muerte y otras pérdidas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/el-duelo-enfrentar-la-enfermedad-la-muerte-y-otras-perdidas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/grieving-facing-illness-death-and-other-losses/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer frente al dolor: La vida después de una pérdida" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/hacer-frente-al-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/10/coping-grief">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muerte y duelo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/someone-died.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/someone-died.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el duelo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000749.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y la pena por la muerte de un ser querido" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-la-Pena-por-la-Muerte-de-un-ser-Querido-008.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Grief-008.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un aborto espontáneo es la pérdida del bebé antes de la semana 20 del embarazo. La mayoría ocurre muy temprano en el embarazo. Aquí causas, síntomas." title="Pérdida del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html" id="2105" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Aborto espontáneo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un aborto espontáneo es la pérdida del embarazo antes de la semana 20 del embarazo. La mayoría de los abortos espontáneos ocurren muy temprano en el embarazo, a menudo antes de que la mujer sepa que está embarazada. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de los abortos espontáneos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un problema genético del feto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html"&gt;útero&lt;/a&gt; o el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html"&gt;cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los signos de un aborto espontáneo pueden incluir manchado vaginal, dolor abdominal o calambres y fluidos o tejidos que salen por la vagina. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;sangrado vaginal&lt;/a&gt; puede ser un síntoma común de un aborto espontáneo, pero muchas mujeres tienen un poco de sangrado al comienzo del embarazo sin ser un aborto espontáneo. Para estar segura, llame a su proveedor de cuidados de salud inmediatamente si presenta sangrado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las mujeres que sufren un aborto espontáneo en las etapas tempranas de su embarazo en general no necesitan tratamiento. En algunos casos, tejido queda en el útero. Los médicos usan un procedimiento llamado dilatación y curetaje o medicinas para eliminar el tejido. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La asesoría psicológica puede serle de ayuda para enfrentar el duelo. Más adelante, si decide intentar el embarazo de nuevo , trabaje junto al proveedor de atención médica para disminuir los riesgos. Muchas mujeres que pierden sus embarazos continúan teniendo bebés sanos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html" id="515" language="English">Miscarriage</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html" id="5683">Parto de feto muerto</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aborto espontáneo</see-reference>
<site title="Aborto espontáneo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-loss" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-loss">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aborto espontáneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001488.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001488.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aborto espontáneo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/aborto-espontaneo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/miscarriage.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abortos naturales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/miscarriage.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/miscarriage.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amenaza de aborto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000907.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000907.htm">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consuelo para una pérdida" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/consuelo-para-una-perdida.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coriocarcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001496.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo después de un aborto espontáneo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy-after-miscarriage/art-20044134?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy-after-miscarriage/art-20044134?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo ectópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000895.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000895.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo molar" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/perdida/embarazo-molar.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gestación anembrionada: ¿Qué la causa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/expert-answers/blighted-ovum/faq-20057783?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/expert-answers/blighted-ovum/faq-20057783?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histeroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histerosonografía (ultrasonido del útero)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosono" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosono">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mola hidatiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otras preguntas frecuentes acerca de la pérdida del embarazo (antes de las 20 semanas de embarazo)" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancyloss/masinformacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancyloss/more_information/faqs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Progesterona sérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003714.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003714.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de GCH cualitativa en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003509.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de GCH cuantitativa en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003510.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de progesterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-progesterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/progesterone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Serie del procedimiento de dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/ultrasonido.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/159_523.asp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las causas de la pérdida del embarazo (antes de las 20 semanas de embarazo) y los riesgos de sufrirla?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancyloss/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la pérdida del embarazo (antes de las 20 semanas de embarazo)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancyloss/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican y tratan los proveedores de atención médica la pérdida del embarazo (antes de las 20 semanas de embarazo)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancyloss/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancyloss/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mayoría de los pólipos no son peligrosos. Sin embargo, ciertos pólipos pueden ser cancerosos o convertirse en cáncer más tarde." title="Pólipos del colon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html" id="3135" language="Spanish" date-created="01/12/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un pólipo es una parte de tejido adicional que crece dentro de su cuerpo. Los pólipos de colon crecen en el intestino grueso o colon. La mayoría de los pólipos no son peligrosos. Sin embargo, ciertos pólipos pueden convertirse en cancerosos o ya ser cáncer. Como medida de seguridad, los médicos extirpan los pólipos y los examinan. Los pólipos pueden ser extirpados cuando un médico examina el interior del intestino grueso durante una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopía&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener pólipos, pero algunas tienen más probabilidades que otras. Usted tiene mayor probabilidad de tener pólipos si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene más de 50 años de edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ha tenido pólipos anteriormente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene un familiar con pólipos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene antecedentes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de colon&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los pólipos de colon no causan síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, éstos pueden incluir la presencia de sangre en la ropa interior o el papel higiénico después de evacuar, sangre en las heces o estreñimiento o diarrea que perdura más de una semana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html" id="3134" language="English">Colonic Polyps</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html" id="1831">Cáncer del colon y del recto</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colon, Pólipos del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colonoscopía y sigmoidoscopía</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de pólipos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003415.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender los pólipos del colon y su tratamiento" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-los-p%C3%B3lipos-del-colon-y-su-tratamiento-peb08s">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes para detectar el cáncer colorrectal y los pólipos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/colorrectal/hoja-informativa-deteccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/screening-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total con ileostomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctocolectomía total y bolsa íleoanal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007380.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos colorrectales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000266.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos del colon y el recto" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polipos-del-colon-y-el-recto" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polyps-of-the-colon-and-rectum">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos en el colon" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/polipos-colon">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos intestinales" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Intestinal%20Polyps%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Intestinal%20Polyps%20-English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resección del intestino grueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000244.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se pueden encontrar los pólipos y el cáncer colorrectal en sus etapas iniciales?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-colon-o-recto/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una quemadura es una lesión causada por el calor, sustancias químicas, electricidad, el sol o radiación. Entérese sobre tipos de quemaduras, tratamientos." title="Quemaduras" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html" id="1791" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una quemadura es una lesión en los tejidos del cuerpo causada por el calor, sustancias químicas, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electricalinjuries.html"&gt;electricidad&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;sol&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;radiación&lt;/a&gt;. Las escaldaduras por líquidos calientes y vapor, los incendios en edificios y los líquidos y gases inflamables son las causas más comunes de las quemaduras. Otro tipo de quemadura es la causada por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html"&gt;inhalación&lt;/a&gt; de humo o partículas tóxicas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos de quemaduras:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Quemaduras de primer grado, que dañan solamente la capa externa de la piel &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Quemaduras de segundo grado, que dañan la capa externa y la que se encuentra por debajo de ella &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quemaduras de tercer grado, que dañan o destruyen la capa más profunda de la piel y los tejidos que se encuentran debajo de ella&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las quemaduras pueden causar hinchazón, ampollas, cicatrices y, en los casos más severos, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html"&gt;shock&lt;/a&gt; e incluso la muerte. También pueden conducir a infecciones porque dañan la barrera protectora de la piel. El tratamiento de las quemaduras depende de la causa, qué tan profunda es y qué grande es el área del cuerpo afectada. Las pomadas con antibióticos pueden prevenir o tratar las infecciones. Para quemaduras más graves, es posible que se necesite tratamiento para limpiar la herida, reemplazar la piel y asegurarse que el paciente recibe suficiente líquidos y nutrición. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Generales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html" id="176" language="English">Burns</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIGMS">Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Generales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html" id="1905">Seguridad contra incendios</related-topic>
<site title="Ampollas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/art-20056691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-blisters/basics/ART-20056691?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para quemaduras leves" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000662.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando calentarse sale mal: cómo prevenir y tratar las quemaduras" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/quemaduras-como-tratar-y-prevenir" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/burns-how-to-treat-and-prevent">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar y prevenir quemaduras" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/treating-and-preventing-burns.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Treating-and-Preventing-Burns.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de quemaduras" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-quemaduras/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/burn-evaluation/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Injerto de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100100_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100100_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Injerto de piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002982.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de quemaduras menores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100213_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100213_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Quemaduras" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burns-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burns-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemadura o reacción ocasionada por químicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000059.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/burns.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/burns.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000030.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000030.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras con sustancias químicas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/art-20056667?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chemical-burns/basics/ART-20056667?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras eléctricas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/ART-20056687?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quemaduras: Cómo prevenirlas en su casa" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/quemaduras-como-prevenirlas-en-su-casa/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/burns-preventing-burns-in-your-home/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en casa: Cómo prevenir las quemaduras y los incendios (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-burns.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Un asunto ardiente: El tratamiento de las quemaduras en el hogar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-asunto-ardiente">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué necesito en mi botiquín de primeros auxilios?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-necesito-en-mi-botiquin-de-primeros-auxilios/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-do-i-need-in-my-first-aid-kit/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La quimioterapia es un tratamiento que uiliza medicinas para matar las células con cáncer. Entérese sobre beneficios, efectos secundarios." title="Quimioterapia para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="1795" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Medicamentos para tratar el cáncer</also-called>
<also-called>Quimioterapia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la quimioterapia para el cáncer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La quimioterapia es un tipo de tratamiento contra el cáncer. Utiliza medicamentos para destruir las células cancerosas.
Normalmente, las células de su cuerpo crecen y mueren de forma controlada. Las células &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cancerosas &lt;/a&gt; siguen creciendo sin control. La quimioterapia actúa eliminando las células cancerosas, impidiendo que se propaguen o haciendo más lento su crecimiento.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La quimioterapia se utiliza para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratar el cáncer&lt;/strong&gt; curándolo, reduciendo la posibilidad de que regrese o deteniendo o ralentizando su crecimiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aliviar los síntomas&lt;/strong&gt; del cáncer al reducir los tumores que causan dolor y otros problemas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La quimioterapia no solo destruye las células cancerosas. También puede dañar algunas células sanas, lo que provoca efectos secundarios.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que tenga muchos efectos secundarios, sólo algunos o ninguno. Depende del tipo y la cantidad de quimioterapia que reciba y de cómo reaccione su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos efectos secundarios comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Úlceras bucales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Dolor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html"&gt;Pérdida de cabello&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Hay maneras de prevenir o controlar algunos efectos secundarios. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cómo manejarlos. En general, las células sanas se recuperan después de que termina la quimioterapia, por lo que la mayoría de los efectos secundarios desaparecen gradualmente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo esperar al recibir quimioterapia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede recibir quimioterapia en un hospital o en su casa, en el consultorio de un médico o en una clínica médica. Es posible que le administren los medicamentos por vía oral, en una inyección, en forma de crema, a través de un catéter o por vía intravenosa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su plan de tratamiento dependerá del tipo de cáncer que tenga, qué medicamentos de quimioterapia se usan, los objetivos del tratamiento y cómo responde su cuerpo a los medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La quimioterapia se puede administrar sola o con otros tratamientos. Puede recibir tratamiento todos los días, todas las semanas o todos los meses. Es posible que tenga descansos entre los tratamientos para que su cuerpo tenga la oportunidad de crear nuevas células saludables.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html" id="464" language="English">Cancer Chemotherapy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html" id="1794">Cáncer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3193">Terapia alternativa para el cáncer</related-topic>
<site title="3 pasos para prevenir infecciones durante el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.preventcancerinfections.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.preventcancerinfections.org/">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia y el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/anemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambio de apósito para catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la piel y las uñas durante el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cambios-piel-unas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/skin-nail-changes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Catéteres centrales de inserción periférica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picc-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picc-lines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catéteres venosos de línea media en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007744.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caída del pelo (alopecia) y el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/caida-pelo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/hair-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones orales de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia a la cabeza y el cuello (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo bajo de glóbulos blancos y el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000675.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de efectos secundarios relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/diarrea" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/diarrhea">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/dolor" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/pain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Edema" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/edema" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/edema">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia: ¿Puede causar una enfermedad cardíaca?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/expert-answers/chemotherapy-side-effects/faq-20058319?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/expert-answers/chemotherapy-side-effects/FAQ-20058319?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/estrenimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/constipation">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/002324_70.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/002324_10.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falta de apetito" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/perdida-apetito" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/appetite-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fatiga y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fatiga" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fatigue">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección y neutropenia durante el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/infecciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/infection">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información para pacientes que están recibiendo quimioterapia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer-preventing-infections/es/patients/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer-preventing-infections/patients/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Interacciones de los alimentos y suplementos alimenticios con el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/interacciones-alimentos-suplementos-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/dietary-interactions-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lavado del catéter central colocado por vía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavado del catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucositis oral: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición para la persona con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/supervivencia/bienestar-durante-el-tratamiento/nutricion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/coping/nutrition.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómitos relacionados con el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/nauseas-vomitos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nausea/nausea-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los nervios (neuropatía periférica)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/problemas-nervios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nerve-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de memoria o de concentración y el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/memoria" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/memory">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud sexual en hombres con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sexuality-men">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud sexual en mujeres con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/sexualidad-mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/sexuality-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas en la boca y en la garganta" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas urinarios y de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/problemas-urinarios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/urination-changes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prurito (y cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cambios-piel-unas/prurito-pro-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/skin-nail-changes/pruritus-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Puertos implantados (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/implanted-ports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/implanted-ports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puertos para catéteres venosos centrales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000491.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioembolización transarterial (TACE)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chemoembol" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chemoembol">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002324.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002324.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chemo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chemo.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/quimioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/chemotherapy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia en el cerebro" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chemo-brain/symptoms-causes/syc-20351060?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia oral o tópica" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/quimioterapia/quimioterapia-oral.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/chemotherapy/oral-chemotherapy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia y caída del cabello: Qué esperar durante el tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/in-depth/hair-loss/art-20046920?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/in-depth/hair-loss/ART-20046920?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia y el sexo: ¿Está bien tener relaciones sexuales durante el tratamiento?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/expert-answers/chemotherapy-and-sex/faq-20058287?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chemotherapy/expert-answers/chemotherapy-and-sex/FAQ-20058287?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia y usted: Apoyo para las personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/quimioterapia-y-usted" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/chemo-and-you">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000185.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuentos bajos de glóbulos rojos: Efecto secundario del tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20046192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/ART-20046192?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia dirigida para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/terapia-dirigida" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000910.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos contra el cáncer y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/tratamientos-contra-el-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/cancer-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vías centrales (catéteres venosos centrales)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-lines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La quinta enfermedad o eritema infeccioso es una infección causada el parvovirus B19. Afecta principalmente a niños. Entérese sobre síntomas, prevención. " title="Quinta enfermedad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fifthdisease.html" id="1904" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<also-called>Eritema infeccioso</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la quinta enfermedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La quinta enfermedad, también conocida como eritema infeccioso, es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;afección viral&lt;/a&gt; causada por el parvovirus B19.  Este virus sólo infecta personas; no es el mismo tipo de parvovirus que contraen perros y gatos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La quinta enfermedad por lo general afecta a niños. A menudo, causa un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; color rojo brillante en las mejillas (a veces se le llama sarpullido de "mejillas abofeteadas"). &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos, las infecciones de parvovirus B19 son más comunes al final del invierno, la primavera y al principio del verano. Por lo general, hay brotes menores de la quinta enfermedad cada 3 o 4 años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la quinta enfermedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El parvovirus B19, el cual causa la quinta enfermedad, puede transmitirse de persona a persona:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de gotitas respiratorias, como saliva, esputo o fluido nasal. Las gotitas pueden propagarse cuando:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alguien que tiene el virus tose o estornuda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usted toca la superficie de un objeto que tiene el virus&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de la sangre o productos sanguíneos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;De una persona embarazada al bebé &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted es más contagioso al principio de la infección, cuando generalmente sólo tiene fiebre o síntomas parecidos al de un resfriado. Usted probablemente no sea contagioso cuando presente síntomas posteriores, como sarpullido y dolor en las articulaciones.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la quinta enfermedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alrededor de 2 de cada 10 personas que tienen el parvovirus B19 no presentan síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas presenta síntomas de la quinta enfermedad, los cuales a menudo son leves y pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El sarpullido de "mejilla abofeteada" es más común en niños. Pueden presentar el sarpullido pocos días después de haber tenido otros síntomas. El sarpullido puede extenderse a los brazos, piernas, pecho, espalda y asentaderas.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Los adultos que contraen la quinta enfermedad también pueden presentar dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones (llamado síndrome de poliartropatía).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones la infección puede causar complicaciones serias de salud que afectan los nervios, articulaciones o el sistema sanguíneo. Es más probable que esto suceda si está embarazada, tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html"&gt;trastorno sanguíneo&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a estos riesgos para usted y posibles riesgos para su bebé, contacte a su profesional de la salud si está embarazada y:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Muestra signos de la quinta enfermedad (o un sarpullido de "mejilla abofeteada")&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que haya sido expuesta a una persona con la infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la quinta enfermedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay una prueba de laboratorio de rutina para diagnosticar la quinta enfermedad. Los profesionales de la salud a menudo diagnostican la quinta enfermedad al ver el sarpullido de "mejilla abofeteada" y el sarpullido en el cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Existe una prueba para determinar si usted cuenta con protección (inmunidad) en contra del parvovirus B19 o si ha tenido la infección recientemente. Por lo general, esta prueba no es necesaria, pero su profesional de la salud puede pedirla si está embarazada o tiene un riesgo elevado de complicaciones por la afección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la quinta enfermedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay un tratamiento específico para la quinta enfermedad. Con frecuencia es leve y desaparece por sí solo.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Para sentirse mejor, descanse lo suficiente. Tomar acetaminofén puede ayudar con la fiebre y el dolor. No dé aspirina a los niños, porque puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Reye&lt;/a&gt;. Ésta es una enfermedad seria que puede afectar al cerebro y al hígado.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la quinta enfermedad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay vacuna para prevenir la quinta enfermedad. No obstante, usted puede ayudar a protegerse a sí mismo y a otros:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lávese las manos con agua y con jabón a menudo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cúbrase la boca y nariz cuando tosa o estornude&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite tocarse los ojos, la nariz y la boca con las manos sucias&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Evite el contacto cercano con personas que están enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quédese en casa cuando esté enfermo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas obtienen inmunidad al virus después de contraerlo una vez.&lt;/p&gt; 



&lt;p class=""&gt;  Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fifthdisease.html" id="1609" language="English">Fifth Disease</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Eritema infeccioso" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20376085?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema infeccioso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000977.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000977.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritema infeccioso (infección por parvovirus B19)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/infecciones-v%C3%ADricas-frecuentes-en-lactantes-y-ni%C3%B1os/eritema-infeccioso-infecci%C3%B3n-por-parvovirus-b19" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quinta enfermedad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/la-quinta-enfermedad-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fifth-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quinta enfermedad (eritema infeccioso)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fifth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fifth.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quinta enfermedad (parvovirus B19)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/Paginas/Fifth-Disease-Parvovirus-B19.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Fifth-Disease-Parvovirus-B19.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quinta enfermedad (parvovirus B19) y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-quinta-enfermedad-parvovirus-b19/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/fifth-disease-erythema-infectiosum/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los quiroprácticos realizan ajustes de la columna u otras partes del cuerpo para corregir problemas posturales o aliviar el dolor. Más aquí" title="Quiropráctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html" id="2728" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La quiropráctica es una profesión en el campo de la salud. Los quiroprácticos realizan ajustes (manipulaciones) de la columna vertebral u otras partes del cuerpo. El objetivo es corregir problemas posturales (de postura del cuerpo), aliviar el dolor y asistir la capacidad natural del cuerpo de curarse a sí mismo.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la quiropráctica se pueden usar otros tratamientos como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Calor y frío (hielo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estimulación eléctrica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Técnicas de relajación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ejercicios generales y de rehabilitación &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asesoría nutricional, para adelgazar y otras sugerencias sobre el estilo de vida &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Suplementos dietarios &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas acuden a los quiroprácticos para tratar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;dolor de espalda&lt;/a&gt; baja, dolor de cuello y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Terapias complementarias y alternativas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html" id="2727" language="English">Chiropractic</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCCAM">Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html" id="1766">Dolor de espalda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2165">Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="1735">Medicina complementaria e integral</related-topic>
<site title="Ajuste quiropráctico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/chiropractic-adjustment/about/pac-20393513?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chiropractic-adjustment/about/pac-20393513?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos a la hora de hablar: Seis aspectos que debe conocer al elegir un profesional de medicina complementaria" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados quiroprácticos para el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000416.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Profesión de quiropráctico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002001.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002001.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un quiste es un saco lleno de líquido en el ovario. La mayoría de las mujeres presenta alguno en su vida. Rara vez son cancerosos en menores de 50 años. " title="Quistes ováricos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html" id="2069" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los ovarios son parte del sistema reproductor de la mujer. Generan los óvulos de una mujer y producen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; femeninas. Los quistes ováricos son sacos llenos de líquido en o sobre un ovario. Generalmente, se forman durante la ovulación, cuando el ovario libera un óvulo. Por lo general son inofensivos y desaparecen solos. La mayoría de las mujeres los tienen en algún momento de su vida. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los quistes ováricos son pequeños y no causan síntomas. Es posible que las mujeres no descubran que los tienen hasta someterse a un examen pélvico. Si tiene síntomas, pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Presión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hinchazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en la parte baja del abdomen, en el lado donde está ubicado el quiste&lt;/li&gt;
 

&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si su proveedor de atención médica encuentra un quiste, es posible que pueda esperar para ver si se hace más grande. Usted puede necesitar una cirugía si tiene dolor, si pasó la menopausia o si el quiste no desaparece. Si un quiste se rompe o causa sangrado, debe recibir ayuda médica de inmediato. Las píldoras anticonceptivas pueden ayudar a prevenir nuevos quistes.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Rara vez los quistes ováricos pueden llegar a ser cancerosos. Este riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un problema de salud que involucra quistes ováricos es el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos&lt;/a&gt;. Las mujeres con este síndrome pueden tener altos niveles de hormonas masculinas, menstruaciones inexistentes o irregulares y pequeños quistes ováricos.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancysts.html" id="349" language="English">Ovarian Cysts</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariandisorders.html" id="5805">Enfermedades de los ovarios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html" id="5913">Síndrome de ovario poliquístico</related-topic>
<site title="Culdocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003919.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía trasvaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH) en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003710.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003710.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del sulfato de deshidroepiandrosterona (DHEA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003717.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003717.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopia pélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste ovárico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/quiste-ovarico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ovarian-cyst/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes de ovario: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353411?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes ováricos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001504.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes ováricos" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/ovarian-cysts" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/ovarian-cysts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes ováricos y fertilidad: ¿Están relacionados?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/expert-answers/ovarian-cysts-and-infertility/faq-20057806?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/expert-answers/ovarian-cysts-and-infertility/FAQ-20057806?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La poliquistosis renal ocurre cuando quistes aparecen en los riñones, agrandándolos y afectando su funcionamiento, lo que puede llevar a una falla renal." title="Quistes renales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html" id="5809" language="Spanish" date-created="06/28/2011">
<also-called>Quistes en los riñones</also-called>
<also-called>Riñones, Quistes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; Un quiste es un saco lleno de líquido. Existen dos tipos de quistes renales. Usted puede tener quistes renales simples a medida que envejece, los que usualmente son benignos (no cancerosos). También hay algunas enfermedades que causan quistes renales. Un tipo es la poliquistosis renal, que es hereditaria. En ésta, varios quistes crecen en los riñones. Estos pueden agrandar los riñones y hacer que funcionen mal. Cerca de la mitad de las personas con poliquistosis renal termina con una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;. También causa quistes en otras partes del cuerpo, como en el hígado. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, no se presentan síntomas al principio. Luego, los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de espalda y a los costados bajos de la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sangre en la orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican la poliquistosis renal con pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y su historia familiar. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas y las complicaciones. Estos incluyen medicamentos, cambios en el estilo de vida y, cuando las personas con riñones poliquísticos desarrollan insuficiencia renal, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de riñón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad renal quística adquirida ocurre en personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad renal crónica&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente si están en diálisis. A diferencia de la poliquistosis renal, los riñones son de tamaño normal y no se forman quistes en otras partes del cuerpo.  Esta enfermedad no tiene síntomas. En general, los quistes son inofensivos y no necesitan tratamiento.  Si estos causan complicaciones, el tratamiento incluye medicinas, drenar los quistes o cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html" id="5808" language="English">Kidney Cysts</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990">Insuficiencia renal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1992">Trasplante de riñón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Riñones, Quistes</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad renal poliquística" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/poliquistosis-renal-pqr-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/polycystic-kidney-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nefropatía tubulointersticial autosómica dominante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000465.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliquistosis renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000502.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quistes en los riñones" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/quistes-en-los-rinones-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/kidney-cysts/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes renales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/renal-cyst" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/renal-cyst">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quistes renales simples" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/quistes-renales-simples" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/simple-kidney-cysts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Quitting smoking is important for your health. Tobacco use is the most common preventable cause of death. Find the best way for you to quit." title="Quitting Smoking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html" id="1359" language="English" date-created="09/19/2000">
<also-called>Smoking cessation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tobacco use is the most common preventable cause of death. About half of the people who don't quit &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt; will die of smoking-related problems. Quitting smoking is important for your health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Soon after you quit, your circulation begins to improve, and your blood pressure starts to return to normal. Your sense of smell and taste return, and it's easier for you to breathe.  In the long term, giving up tobacco can help you live longer. Your risk of getting cancer decreases with each year you stay smoke-free.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quitting is not easy. You may have short-term effects such as weight gain, irritability, and anxiety. Some people try several times before they succeed. There are many ways to quit smoking. Some people stop "cold turkey."  Others benefit from step-by-step manuals, counseling, or medicines or products that help reduce nicotine addiction. Some people think that switching to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html"&gt;e-cigarettes&lt;/a&gt; can help you quit smoking, but that has not been proven. Your health care provider can help you find the best way for you to quit.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html" id="2158" language="Spanish">Dejar de fumar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016540">Smoking Cessation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000077444">Smoking Cessation Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061485">Tobacco Use Cessation Devices</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/quittingsmoking.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108">Smoking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Smoking Cessation</see-reference>
<site title="5 Things to Know about Complementary Health Approaches for Quitting Smoking" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-complementary-health-approaches-for-quitting-smoking">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="BeTobaccoFree.gov" url="https://betobaccofree.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cigarette Smoking: Health Risks and How to Quit" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/quit-smoking-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/dejar-fumar-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Smoking Cessation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Smoking+Cessation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary Health Approaches for Smoking Cessation: What the Science Says" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/complementary-health-approaches-for-smoking-cessation-science">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Create My Quit Plan" url="https://smokefree.gov/build-your-quit-plan" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/deje-de-fumar/preparese-para-dejar-de-fumar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Smoking" url="https://women.smokefree.gov/live-healthier/care-for-your-mind/depression-smoking">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dispelling Myths about Nicotine Replacement Therapy" url="https://smokefree.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mythsaboutNRTfactsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fight Cravings with Exercise" url="https://smokefree.gov/challenges-when-quitting/cravings-triggers/fight-cravings-exercise">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Handling Nicotine Withdrawal and Triggers When You Decide To Quit Tobacco" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/withdrawal-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-abstinencia">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Harms of Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cessation-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-dejar-de-fumar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Effects of Cigarettes: Reproductive Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/cigarettes-and-reproductive-health.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Help for Cravings and Tough Situations while You're Quitting Tobacco" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking/quitting-smoking-help-for-cravings-and-tough-situations.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco/guia-para-dejar-de-fumar/consejos-para-lidiar-con-las-ansias-y-las-situaciones-dificiles-que-surgen-despues-de-dejar-de-fumar.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Quit Smoking?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/quit-smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/quit-smoking.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Help Someone Quit Smoking" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/helping-a-smoker-quit.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Quit Smoking" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/how-to-quit.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Quit Using Tobacco" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco/guia-para-dejar-de-fumar.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to stop smoking: Dealing with a slip up" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000855.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to stop smoking: Dealing with cravings" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000854.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung HelpLine and Tobacco QuitLine" url="https://www.lung.org/help-support/lung-helpline-and-tobacco-quitline">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maintain Your Weight" url="https://women.smokefree.gov/live-healthier/care-for-your-body/maintain-your-weight">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Nicotine Withdrawal" url="https://smokefree.gov/challenges-when-quitting/withdrawal/managing-nicotine-withdrawal">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nicotine and tobacco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000953.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000953.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nicotine replacement therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007438.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quitting Smoking" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Smoking+Cessation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Tobacco+Use+Cessation+Devices%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Smoking+Cessation+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quit Smoking" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/diabetes/quit-smoking" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/diabetes/deja-fumar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quiz: How Strong Is Your Nicotine Addiction?" url="https://smokefree.gov/challenges-when-quitting/withdrawal/nicotine-addiction-quiz">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smokefree Women" url="https://women.smokefree.gov/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smokefree.gov" url="https://smokefree.gov/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smoking -- Medicines to Help You Quit" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/smoking-medicines-help-you-quit">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking Cessation in Recovering Alcoholics" url="https://familydoctor.org/smoking-cessation-in-recovering-alcoholics/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-abandonar-el-habito-de-fumar-en-el-caso-de-personas-alcoholicas-en-recuperacion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking cessation medications" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007439.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking Cessation: Fast Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/data-statistics/smoking-cessation/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stop smoking support programs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007440.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007440.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips on how to quit smoking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001992.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001992.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Medications Can Help You Quit" url="https://women.smokefree.gov/quit-smoking-women/how-to-quit/medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Want to Quit Smoking? FDA-Approved and FDA-Cleared Cessation Products Can Help" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/want-quit-smoking-fda-approved-and-fda-cleared-cessation-products-can-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/quieres-dejar-de-fumar-los-productos-para-dejar-de-fumar-aprobados-y-autorizados-por-la-fda-pueden">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight gain after quitting smoking: What to do" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's in a Cigarette?" url="https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/smoking-facts/whats-in-a-cigarette">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rabia es una enfermedad mortal causada por la mordedura de un animal infectado con el virus. Una vacuna puede prevenirla en personas expuestas al virus." title="Rabia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html" id="2115" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La rabia es una enfermedad animal mortal causada por un virus. Puede ocurrir entre los animales salvajes, incluyendo mapaches, zorrinos, murciélagos y zorros o en perros, gatos o animales de granja. Las personas la adquieren por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html"&gt;mordedura&lt;/a&gt; de un animal infectado. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las personas, los síntomas de la rabia incluyen fiebre, dolor de cabeza y fatiga, después confusión, alucinaciones y parálisis. Una vez que los síntomas comienzan, la enfermedad suele ser mortal. Una serie de vacunas puede prevenir la rabia en las personas expuestas al virus. Debe recibirlas de inmediato. Si un animal lo muerde, lávese bien la herida y luego busque atención médica. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a prevenir la rabia:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vacune a sus mascotas. Las vacunas contra la rabia se encuentran disponibles para perros, gatos y animales de granja &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No permita que merodeen las mascotas sin su vigilancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No se acerque a animales desconocidos. Los animales con rabia pueden ser agresivos y feroces o estar cansados y débiles &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html" id="523" language="English">Rabies</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html" id="1775">Mordeduras de animales</related-topic>
<site title="Mordeduras de animales: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/art-20056591?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/ART-20056591?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001334.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/breve-informaci%C3%B3n-trastornos-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosos/infecciones-cerebrales/rabia">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabia" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Paginas/Rabies.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rabies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rabies.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rabies/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351826?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la rabia" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_rabies.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/rabies.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rabies is a deadly animal disease caused by a virus. People get it from the bite of an infected animal. Learn about treatments." title="Rabies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html" id="523" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Hydrophobia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Rabies is a deadly animal disease caused by a virus. It can happen in wild animals, including raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals. People get it from the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html"&gt;bite&lt;/a&gt; of an infected animal. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In people, symptoms of rabies include fever, headache and fatigue, then confusion, hallucinations and paralysis. Once the symptoms begin, the disease is usually fatal. A series of shots can prevent rabies in people exposed to the virus. You need to get them right away. If an animal bites you, wash the wound well; then get medical care. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To help prevent rabies:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vaccinate your pet. Rabies vaccines are available for dogs, cats and farm animals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Don't let pets roam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Don't approach stray animals. Animals with rabies might be aggressive and vicious, or tired and weak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html" id="2115" language="Spanish">Rabia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011818">Rabies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rabies.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html" id="161">Animal Bites</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hydrophobia</see-reference>
<site title="About Rabies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Animal Bites: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/ART-20056591?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/art-20056591?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Rabies from Bats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/prevention/bats.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rabies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rabies" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001334.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabies in the United States: Protecting Public Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/php/protecting-public-health/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/hcp/prevention-recommendations/post-exposure-prophylaxis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/es/atencion_medica/index.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabies Prevention and Control" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabies Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/rabies.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_rabies.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rabies: A Forgotten Killer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/rabies/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabies: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4216.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Rabies" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/rabies">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="When to Seek Medical Care for Rabies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/when-to-seek-care/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/es/exposicion/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A radiation emergency involves exposure to a large amount of radiation. Learn about ways to cope with possible situations and make a disaster plan." title="Radiation Emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html" id="4598" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Radiation is a type of energy. People are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;exposed&lt;/a&gt; to small amounts of radiation every day from sources such as sunlight. A radiation emergency would involve larger amounts of radiation and could be caused by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dirty bombs - a mix of explosives with radioactive powder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fallout from a nuclear bomb&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Accidental release from a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapons plant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A lot of radiation over a short period can cause burns or radiation sickness. If the exposure is large enough, it can cause premature aging or even death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety during a radiation emergency, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html" id="4599" language="Spanish">Emergencias causadas por la radiación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018788">Radioactive Hazard Release</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationemergencies.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>Man-Made Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="Contamination vs. Exposure" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/contamination.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/es/healtheffects.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Radiation Emergencies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/faq/" language-mapped-url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/radiation/emergencyfaq.asp">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Emergencies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Radioactive+Hazard+Release%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Protection" url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/proteccion-contra-la-radiacion-y-emergencias-radiologicas">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Radiation exposure to even small amounts over a long time, raises your risk of cancer. A lot over a short time, causes burns or radiation sickness." title="Radiation Exposure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html" id="379" language="English" date-created="10/20/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is radiation?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Radiation is energy. It travels in the form of energy waves or high-speed particles. Radiation can occur naturally or be man-made. There are two types:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Non-ionizing radiation,&lt;/strong&gt; which includes radio waves, cell phones, microwaves, infrared radiation and visible light&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ionizing radiation,&lt;/strong&gt; which includes ultraviolet radiation, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html"&gt;radon&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;, and gamma rays&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the sources of radiation exposure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Background radiation is all around us all the time. Most of it forms naturally from minerals. These radioactive minerals are in the ground, soil, water, and even our bodies. Background radiation can also come from outer space and the sun. Other sources are man-made, such as x-rays, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt; to treat cancer, and electrical power lines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health effects of radiation exposure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Radiation has been around us throughout our evolution. So our bodies are designed to deal with the low levels we're exposed to every day. But too much radiation can damage tissues by changing cell structure and damaging DNA. This can cause serious health problems, including cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The amount of damage that exposure to radiation can cause depends on several factors, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The type of radiation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The dose (amount) of radiation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How you were exposed, such as through skin contact, swallowing or breathing it in, or having rays pass through your body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Where the radiation concentrates in the body and how long it stays there&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How sensitive your body is to radiation. A fetus is most vulnerable to the effects of radiation. Infants, children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems are more vulnerable to health effects than healthy adults.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Being exposed to a lot of radiation over a short period of time, such as from a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html"&gt;radiation emergency&lt;/a&gt;, can cause skin &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;burns&lt;/a&gt;. It may also lead to acute radiation syndrome (ARS, or "radiation sickness").  The symptoms of ARS include headache and diarrhea. They usually start within hours. Those symptoms will go away and the person will seem healthy for a little while. But then they will get sick again. How soon they get sick again, which symptoms they have, and how sick they get depends on the amount of radiation they received. In some cases, ARS causes death in the following days or weeks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Exposure to low levels of radiation in the environment does not cause immediate health effects. But it can slightly increase your overall risk of cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for acute radiation sickness?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Before they start treatment, health care professionals need to figure out how much radiation your body absorbed. They will ask about your symptoms, do blood tests, and may use a device that measures radiation. They also try get more information about the exposure, such as what type of radiation it was, how far away you were from the source of the radiation, and how long you were exposed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment focuses on reducing and treating infections, preventing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;, and treating injuries and burns. Some people may need treatments that help the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;bone marrow&lt;/a&gt; recover its function. If you were exposed to certain types of radiation, your provider may give you a treatment that limits or removes the contamination that is inside your body. You may also get treatments for your symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can radiation exposure be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to prevent or reduce radiation exposure:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If your health care provider recommends a test that uses radiation, ask about its risks and benefits. In some cases, you may be able to have a different test that does not use radiation. But if you do need a test that uses radiation, do some research into the local imaging facilities. Find one that monitors and uses techniques to reduce the doses they are giving patients.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduce &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/electromagneticfields.html"&gt;electromagnetic radiation&lt;/a&gt; exposure from your cell phone. At this time, scientific evidence has not found a link between cell phone use and health problems in humans. More research is needed to be sure. But if you still have concerns, you can reduce how much time you spend on your phone. You can also use speaker mode or a headset to place more distance between your head and the cell phone.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you live in a house, test the radon levels, and if you need to, get a radon reduction system.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During a radiation emergency, get inside a building to take shelter. Stay inside, with all of the windows and doors shut. Stay tuned to and follow the advice of emergency responders and officials.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html" id="2116" language="Spanish">Exposición a la radiación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004781">Environmental Exposure</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011827">Radiation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000069079">Radiation Exposure</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationexposure.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/electromagneticfields.html" id="899">Electromagnetic Fields</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html" id="4598">Radiation Emergencies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html" id="2724">Radiation Therapy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html" id="1443">Radon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html" id="1419">Sun Exposure</related-topic>
<site title="Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/nuclear-accidents-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-accidentes-plantas-nucleares">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acute Radiation Syndrome" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/ars.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/es/ars.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beware of Ultraviolet (UV) Wands that Give off Unsafe Levels of Radiation" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-ultraviolet-uv-wands-give-unsafe-levels-radiation" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/advertencia-sobre-las-varillas-de-desinfeccion-con-luz-ultravioleta-uv-que-emiten-niveles-peligrosos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cell Phones and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-telefonos-celulares">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Radiation Exposure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Radiation+Exposure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contamination vs. Exposure" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/contamination.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/es/healtheffects.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Does the Product Emit Radiation?" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/classify-your-medical-device/does-product-emit-radiation">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts About Cell Phones and Your Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/cell-phones.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Irradiation: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-irradiation-what-you-need-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/la-irradiacion-de-alimentos-lo-que-usted-debe-saber">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions on Potassium Iodide (KI)" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/bioterrorism-and-drug-preparedness/frequently-asked-questions-potassium-iodide-ki">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Are People Exposed to X-Rays and Gamma Rays?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/radiation-exposure/x-rays-gamma-rays/how-are-people-exposed.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Environmental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-Ionizing Radiation Used in Microwave Ovens" url="https://www.epa.gov/radtown/non-ionizing-radiation-used-microwave-ovens">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nuclear Radiation and the Thyroid" url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/NuclearRadiation_brochure.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/espanol/radiacion_nuclear_y_la_glandula_tiroides.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potassium Iodide (&quot;KI&quot;): Instructions to Make Potassium Iodide Solution for Use During a Nuclear Emergency (Liquid Form)" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/bioterrorism-and-drug-preparedness/potassium-iodide-ki">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potassium Iodide (KI)" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/ki.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/es/ki.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ionizing radiation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Radiation+Exposure%22%5Bmajr%5D+OR+%22Environmental+Exposure%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Radiation%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Basics" url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radiation-basics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Dose from X-Ray and CT Exams" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-xray">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Exposure and Cancer Risk" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/radiation-exposure.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/exposicion-a-la-radiacion.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Exposure from Medical Exams and Procedures" url="https://hps.org/documents/Medical_Exposures_Fact_Sheet.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Health Physics Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiation from Cardiac Imaging Tests" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.146043">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Protection" url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/proteccion-contra-la-radiacion-y-emergencias-radiologicas">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Safety for Children" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-rad-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-rad-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiation sickness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000026.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radionuclide Basics: Iodine" url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclide-basics-iodine">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radionuclide Basics: Plutonium" url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclide-basics-plutonium">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="RadTown USA: Basic Information" url="https://www.epa.gov/radtown">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM)" url="https://www.epa.gov/radiation/technologically-enhanced-naturally-occurring-radioactive-materials-tenorm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Radiation Exposure with DTPA" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/treatment/dtpa.html" language-mapped-url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/es/radiation/dtpa.asp">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Radiation Exposure with Neupogen" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/treatment/neupogen.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/es/neupogenfacts.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Radiation Exposure with Prussian Blue" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/treatment/prussian-blue.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-emergencies/media/pdfs/infographics/infographic_prussian_blue_es.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Rays, Pregnancy and You" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/x-rays-pregnancy-and-you">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Radiation therapy is cancer treatment, using exposure to kill and stop spread. Must be carefully done to minimize side effects and maximize benefits." title="Radiation Therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html" id="2724" language="English" date-created="11/13/2002">
<also-called>Brachytherapy</also-called>
<also-called>Radiotherapy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment. It uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and stop them from spreading. About half of all cancer patients receive it. The radiation may be external, from special machines, or internal, from radioactive substances that a doctor places inside your body. The type of radiation therapy you receive depends on many factors, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;   
&lt;li&gt;The type of cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The size of the cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The cancer's location in the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How close the cancer is to normal tissues that are sensitive to radiation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How far into the body the radiation needs to travel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your general health and medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether you will have other types of cancer treatment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other factors, such as your age and other medical conditions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Radiation therapy can damage normal cells as well as cancer cells. Treatment must be carefully planned to minimize side effects. Common side effects include skin changes and fatigue. Other side effects depend on the part of your body being treated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes radiation is used with other treatments, like surgery or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html" id="2725" language="Spanish">Radioterapia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011878">Radiotherapy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/radiationtherapy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1104">Diagnostic Imaging</related-topic>
<see-reference>Brachytherapy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Radiosurgery</see-reference>
<see-reference>Radiotherapy</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Radiology Accredited Facility Search" url="https://www.acraccreditation.org/accredited-facility-search">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brachytherapy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/brachy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/brachy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breast external beam radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000056.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000056.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Radiotherapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=radiotherapy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Radiation Therapy Is Used to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/radiation/basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/radioterapia/conceptos-basicos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low Blood Cell Counts: Side Effects of Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/ART-20046192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20046192?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth and neck radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Complications of Chemotherapy and Head/Neck Radiation" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral mucositis - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proton therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007281.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proton Therapy" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/protonthera" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/protonthera">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Radiotherapy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001918.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/radiation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/radiation.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation therapy - questions to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000187.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation therapy - skin care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000735.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000735.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy and You: Support for People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiation-therapy-and-you" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/radioterapia-y-usted">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy Side Effects" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/radiation/effects-on-different-parts-of-body.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/radioterapia/como-sobrellevar.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/radio-immuno" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/radio-immuno">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/stereotactic" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/stereotactic">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - CyberKnife" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007274.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - Gamma Knife" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007577.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La radioterapia utiliza dosis altas de radiación para matar las células del cáncer y detener su propagación. Efectos secundarios y beneficios." title="Radioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html" id="2725" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Terapia de radiación</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La radioterapia es un tratamiento contra el cáncer. Utiliza dosis altas de radiación para matar las células cancerosas y detener su propagación. Cerca de la mitad de todos los pacientes de cáncer la reciben. La radiación puede ser externa, de máquinas especiales, o interna, a partir de sustancias radioactivas que un médico coloca dentro de su cuerpo. El tipo de radioterapia que recibirá depende de muchos factores, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El tipo de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El tamaño del cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La ubicación del cáncer en el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tan cerca está el cáncer a los tejidos normales sensibles a la radiación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hasta dónde en el cuerpo la radiación debe llegar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su estado general de salud y su historia médica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si usted va a tener otros tipos de tratamiento contra el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otros factores, como su edad y otras afecciones médicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La terapia de radiación puede dañar las células normales y las células cancerosas. El tratamiento debe ser planeado con cuidado para minimizar los efectos secundarios. Los efectos secundarios comunes incluyen cambios en la piel y fatiga. Otros efectos secundarios dependen de la parte del cuerpo a tratar.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;A veces, la radiación se utiliza con otros tratamientos, como la cirugía o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html" id="2724" language="English">Radiation Therapy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Radiación, Terapia de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Terapia de radiación</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras radiación abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación al cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación de haz externo en las mamas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000056.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000056.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en boca y cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000058.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación en el tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiocirugía estereotáctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisturí de rayos gamma: Gamma Knife" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/gamma_knife" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/gamma_knife">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/brachy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/brachy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Braquiterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/braquiterapia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caída del pelo (alopecia) y el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/caida-pelo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/hair-loss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complicaciones orales de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia a la cabeza y el cuello (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/boca-garganta/complicaciones-orales-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestiones de fecundidad en los hombres con cáncer: Niños y adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/fecundidad-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-men">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se usa la radioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/radioterapia/conceptos-basicos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/radiation/basics.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/diarrea" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/diarrhea">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de la radioterapia" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/radioterapia/como-sobrellevar.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/radiation/effects-on-different-parts-of-body.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis por radiación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucositis oral: Cuidados personales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas urinarios y de vejiga" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/problemas-urinarios" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/urination-changes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiación pélvica: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiocirugía estereotáctica con bisturí de rayos gamma (Gamma Knife)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007577.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiocirugía estereotáctica: CyberKnife" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007274.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007274.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioinmunoterapia (RIT)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/radio-immuno" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/radio-immuno">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/radiation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/radiation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001918.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001918.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/radioterapia.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia y cuidado de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000735.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000735.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia y usted: Apoyo para las personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/radioterapia-y-usted" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiation-therapy-and-you">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000187.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000187.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recuentos bajos de glóbulos rojos: Efecto secundario del tratamiento contra el cáncer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20046192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-treatment/ART-20046192?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de protones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007281.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Radon comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water.  It is the second leading cause of lung cancer. Test your home for radon levels." title="Radon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html" id="1443" language="English" date-created="03/21/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is radon?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas. It is invisible and has no odor or taste. It comes from the normal decay of uranium and thorium. These are two chemical elements that can be found in soil, rock, and groundwater. Radon breaks down quickly, giving off radioactive particles. Over time, breathing in high levels of these particles can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html"&gt;lung cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How would I be exposed to radon?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Outdoors, there are low levels of radon in the air. But radon can also be indoors. It can enter homes and buildings through cracks in the floors, walls, or foundations. Certain building materials can give off radon. And sometimes radon gets inside through well water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Radon levels can be higher in homes and buildings that are well insulated, tightly sealed, and/or built on soil that has a lot of uranium and thorium. Basements and first floors usually have the highest radon levels because they are closer to the ground.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How does radon cause lung cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you breathe in radon, its radioactive decay products can get trapped in your lungs. They can damage the cells that line your lungs. Over time, it can lead to lung cancer. It may take years before this happens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer deaths after &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;cigarette smoking&lt;/a&gt;. If you smoke and are exposed to radon, your risk of lung cancer is much higher than if you did not smoke. Most radon-related cancer deaths happen in smokers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know if my home has high levels of radon?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Testing is the only way to know if there are high levels of radon in your home. You should test your home's radon levels:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If it's never been tested or the radon levels are unknown&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When preparing to buy or sell your house&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Before and after any renovations, especially after making any repairs to reduce radon levels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Before making any lifestyle changes in the home that would cause someone to spend more time in the basement or lower level (such as converting a basement to a bedroom)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Testing is fairly inexpensive and easy to do. You can buy a test kit at most hardware stores or hire someone to do a test. It's a good idea to first contact a state or local radon official for advice. They can explain the differences between testing devices and recommend the most appropriate test for your needs. They can also give you a list of qualified radon testers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are both long- and short-term test kits:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Short-term kits measure radon for 2-90 days for quick results&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Long-term kits measure radon in your home for over 90 days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Radon levels can vary from day to day and month to month. So a long-term test will give a better estimate of your average radon level.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I lower the radon level in my home?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the testing shows that you have an unsafe level of radon in your home, you can have a radon reduction system installed. It can bring the amount of radon down to a safe level. The cost of the system will depend on the size and design of your home.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also take some other steps to reduce radon levels in your home:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increase air flow in your house by opening windows and using fans and vents to circulate air. But this will only temporarily reduce the radon levels.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Seal cracks in floors and walls with plaster, caulk, or other materials designed for this purpose.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;After any fixes, monitor the radon levels to make sure that they are lower.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html" id="2117" language="Spanish">Radón</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011886">Radon</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<site title="Find a Radon Test Kit or Measurement and Mitigation Professional" url="https://www.epa.gov/radon/find-radon-test-kit-or-measurement-and-mitigation-professional">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidden Hazards: Clearing Out Toxins in the Home" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/hidden-hazards" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/peligros-ocultos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Radon: A Part of Nature" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/0000036N.PDF?Dockey=0000036N.PDF">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radon" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Radon%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radon" url="https://www.epa.gov/radon">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radon" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/radon">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radon and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/radon/hoja-informativa-radon">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radon and Your Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radon/features/reduce-radon.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/radon/es/features/el-radon-y-su-salud.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radon Hotlines and Information Resources" url="https://www.epa.gov/radon/radon-hotlines-and-information-resources">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radon in Schools" url="https://www.epa.gov/radon/radon-schools">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El radón es un gas invisible y proviene de la descomposición del uranio en el suelo, rocas y agua. Es la segunda causa de cáncer de pulmón. Más aquí." title="Radón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html" id="2117" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el radón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El radón es un gas radiactivo que se produce de forma natural. Es invisible y no tiene olor ni sabor. Proviene de la descomposición normal del uranio y el torio. Estos son dos elementos químicos que se encuentran en el suelo, las rocas y las aguas subterráneas. El radón se descompone rápidamente y emite partículas radiactivas. Con el tiempo, respirar altos niveles de estas partículas puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de pulmón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo podría estar expuesto al radón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En el exterior, hay niveles bajos de radón en el aire. Pero el radón también puede se puede encontrar en el interior. Puede entrar en las casas y los edificios a través de grietas en pisos, paredes o cimientos. Ciertos materiales de construcción pueden emitir radón. Y, a veces, el radón entra a través del agua de pozo.
Los niveles de radón pueden ser más altos en las casas y los edificios que están bien aislados, herméticamente sellados o construidos sobre suelo con mucho uranio y torio. Los sótanos y los primeros pisos suelen tener los niveles más altos de radón porque están más cerca del suelo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo el radón puede causar cáncer de pulmón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando inhala radón, los productos de desintegración radiactiva pueden quedar atrapados en sus pulmones y dañar las células que los recubren. Con el tiempo, puede ocasionar cáncer de pulmón. Pueden pasar años antes de que esto suceda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El radón es la segunda causa principal de muerte por cáncer de pulmón después del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;tabaquismo&lt;/a&gt;. Si fuma y está expuesto al radón, su riesgo de cáncer de pulmón es mucho mayor que si no fumara. La mayoría de las muertes por cáncer relacionadas con el radón se producen en fumadores.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo saber si mi casa tiene niveles altos de radón?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La única forma de saber si hay niveles altos de radón en su casa es mediante pruebas. Usted debe medir los niveles de radón de su casa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si nunca se han analizado o no conoce los niveles de radón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuando se prepare para comprar o vender su casa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antes y después de cualquier renovación, especialmente después de realizar reparaciones para reducir los niveles de radón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antes de realizar cualquier cambio relacionados con el estilo de vida en la casa que haga que una persona pase más tiempo en el sótano o en el nivel inferior (como convertir un sótano en un dormitorio)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La prueba es bastante económica y fácil de hacer. Puede comprar un kit de prueba en la mayoría de las ferreterías o contratar a alguien para que haga la prueba. Es una buena idea contactar primero a un funcionario estatal o local de radón para obtener asesoramiento. Ellos pueden explicar las diferencias entre los dispositivos de prueba y recomendar la prueba más adecuada para sus necesidades. También puede entregar una lista de probadores de radón certificados.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen kits de prueba de corto y largo plazo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los kits de corto plazo miden el radón durante dos a 90 días para obtener resultados rápidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los kits de largo plazo miden el radón en su hogar durante más de 90 días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los niveles de radón pueden variar de un día a otro y de un mes a otro. Por ello, una prueba de largo plazo brindará una mejor estimación de su nivel promedio de radón.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo reducir el nivel de radón en mi hogar?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si la prueba muestra que tiene un nivel peligroso de radón en su hogar, puede instalar un sistema de reducción de radón. Este puede bajar la cantidad de radón a un nivel seguro. El costo del sistema dependerá del tamaño y el diseño de su hogar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También puede tomar otras medidas para bajar los niveles de radón en su hogar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumente el flujo de aire en su hogar abriendo las ventanas y usando ventiladores y rejillas de ventilación para que circule el aire. Sin embargo, esto solo reducirá temporalmente los niveles de radón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Selle las grietas en pisos y paredes con yeso, masilla u otros materiales diseñados para este propósito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Después de cualquier reparación, mida los niveles de radón para asegurarse de que sean más bajos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html" id="1443" language="English">Radon</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<site title="Acerca del radón" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/cai/acerca-del-radon">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminación de toxinas en el hogar" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/peligros-ocultos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/hidden-hazards">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manual informativo sobre el radón: La guía para proteger a su familia y a usted sobre el radón" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/citizensguide_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-12/documents/2016_a_citizens_guide_to_radon.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radón y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/radon/hoja-informativa-radon" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/radon/radon-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radón y su salud" url="https://www.cdc.gov/radon/es/features/el-radon-y-su-salud.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/radon/features/reduce-radon.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El raquitismo causa huesos blandos y débiles en niños. Suele ocurrir por no recibir suficiente vitamina D. Entérese de síntomas, prevención y tratamiento. " title="Raquitismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html" id="3899" language="Spanish" date-created="01/03/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El raquitismo causa huesos blandos y débiles en los niños. Suele ocurrir cuando no reciben &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html"&gt;suficiente vitamina D&lt;/a&gt;, que ayuda a los huesos en crecimiento a absorber los minerales calcio y fósforo. También puede ocurrir cuando los niveles de calcio y fósforo están bajos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su hijo puede que no reciba suficiente vitamina D si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tiene piel oscura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pasa muy poco tiempo al aire libre&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;	Utiliza protector solar todo el tiempo al aire libre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No consume alimentos que contienen vitamina D por intolerancia a la lactosa o por una dieta vegetariana estricta &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Se alimenta por medio de la lactancia materna sin recibir suplementos con vitamina D &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No puede producir ni utilizar la vitamina D debido a un trastorno clínico, como la enfermedad celíaca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Además del raquitismo debido a la alimentación, los niños pueden tener una forma hereditaria de la enfermedad. Los síntomas incluyen dolor o sensibilidad de los huesos, problemas de crecimiento y deformidades en huesos y dientes. El médico de su hijo usará exámenes de laboratorio y de imagen para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento consiste en reemplazar el calcio, fósforo o vitamina D que hace falta en la dieta. El raquitismo es raro en Estados Unidos. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html" id="3898" language="English">Rickets</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<site title="Deficiencia de la vitamina D y el raquitismo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/nutrition/Paginas/Vitamin-D-Deficiency-and-Rickets.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de 25-hidroxi vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003569.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piernas arqueadas y rodillas torcidas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/paginas/bowlegs-and-knock-knees.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Bowlegs-and-Knock-Knees.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rickets/symptoms-causes/syc-20351943?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rickets/symptoms-causes/syc-20351943?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000344.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/raquitismo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/rickets/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rickets.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rickets.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo hipofosfatémico (raquitismo resistente a vitamina D)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-cong%C3%A9nitos-de-los-t%C3%BAbulos-renales/raquitismo-hipofosfat%C3%A9mico">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raquitismo: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rickets/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351949?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A rare disease is one that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. There are nearly 7,000, affecting more than 25 million Americans." title="Rare Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rarediseases.html" id="519" language="English" date-created="12/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A rare disease is one that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. There are nearly 7,000 rare diseases. More than 25 million Americans have one.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rare diseases:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May involve chronic illness, disability, and often premature death&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Often have no treatment or not very effective treatment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are frequently not diagnosed correctly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are often very complex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are often caused by changes in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can be hard to find a specialist who knows how to treat your rare disease.  Disease advocacy groups, rare disease organizations, and genetics clinics may help you to find one.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rarediseases.html" id="2119" language="Spanish">Enfermedades raras</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D035583">Rare Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rarediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="All about the Human Genome Project (HGP)" url="https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rare Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rare+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Contact Us" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/contact/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/resources/pages/70/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Rare Diseases" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Rare-Diseases" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/FAQ/Preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-las-enfermedades-raras">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gene Therapies are a Promising Path to Treating Rare Diseases" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/gene-therapies-are-a-promising-path-to-treating-rare-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/genoterapias-son-un-camino-prometedor-para-el-tratamiento-de-enfermedades-raras">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetics: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about an Undiagosed Condition in a Child" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Learning-About-an-Undiagnosed-Condition-in-a-Child">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about an Undiagosed Condition in an Adult" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Learning-About-An-Undiagnosed-Condition-in-an-Adult">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rare Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rare+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rare Diseases at FDA" url="https://www.fda.gov/patients/rare-diseases-fda">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weathering a Rare Childhood Disorder" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/weathering-a-rare-childhood-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-enfrentar-un-trastorno-infantil-raro">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When There's Research, There's Hope" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/when-theres-research-theres-hope" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/cuando-hay-investigacion-hay-esperanza">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A rash, or dermatitis, is an area of irritated or swollen skin. It can be itchy, red, and painful. Learn about the types, causes, and treatments." title="Rashes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html" id="208" language="English" date-created="08/12/1999">
<also-called>Dermatitis</also-called>
<also-called>Skin rash</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A rash is an area of irritated or swollen skin. Many rashes are itchy, red, painful, and irritated. Some rashes can also lead to blisters or patches of raw skin.  Rashes are a symptom of many different medical problems. Other causes include irritating substances and allergies. Certain genes can make people more likely to get rashes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Contact dermatitis is a common type of rash. It causes redness, itching, and sometimes small bumps. You get the rash where you have touched an irritant, such as a chemical, or something you are allergic to, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html"&gt;poison ivy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Some rashes develop right away. Others form over several days. Although most rashes clear up fairly quickly, others are long-lasting and need  long-term treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because rashes can be caused by many different things, it's important to figure out what kind you have before you treat it. If it is a bad rash, if it does not go away, or if you have other symptoms, you should see your health care provider. Treatments may include moisturizers, lotions, baths, cortisone creams that relieve swelling, and antihistamines, which relieve itching.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html" id="1849" language="Spanish">Sarpullido</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005076">Exanthema</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html" id="1215">Eczema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html" id="1439">Latex Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html" id="3878">Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html" id="40">Skin Conditions</related-topic>
<see-reference>Contact Dermatitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dermatitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Diaper Rash</see-reference>
<see-reference>Skin Rash</see-reference>
<site title="Allergic Contact Dermatitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/contact-dermatitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Raynaud phenomenon is a disorder of the blood vessels. It causes your fingers and toes to become cold and numb when you get cold or stressed. Learn more." title="Raynaud Phenomenon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="381" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<also-called>Raynaud's disease</also-called>
<also-called>Raynaud's syndrome</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Raynaud phenomenon? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Raynaud phenomenon is a condition that affects your blood vessels (the tubes that your blood flows through). It causes your blood vessels to narrow, which decreases blood flow. This is called a Raynaud episode or "attack." The attacks usually affect your fingers and toes, causing them to become cold and numb. They may also change color, usually to white or blue. These attacks happen in response to cold temperatures or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Raynaud phenomenon may also be called Raynaud disease or Raynaud syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of Raynaud phenomenon?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two types of Raynaud phenomenon:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Primary Raynaud phenomenon&lt;/strong&gt; is the more common type. Its cause is unknown.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Secondary Raynaud phenomenon&lt;/strong&gt; is usually caused by another disease or problem, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html"&gt;scleroderma&lt;/a&gt;. Other causes may be exposure to cold or certain chemicals. The type can be more serious than the primary type.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Raynaud phenomenon?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Researchers don't know exactly why some people develop Raynaud phenomenon. But they do understand how the attacks happen. When you are exposed to cold, your body tries to slow the loss of heat and maintain its temperature. To do this, the blood vessels in the top layer of your skin constrict (narrow). This moves blood from those vessels near the surface to vessels deeper in the body. But when you have Raynaud phenomenon, the blood vessels in your hands and feet react to cold or stress by narrowing quickly. They also stay narrowed for a long time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop Raynaud phenomenon? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop Raynaud phenomenon, but some people are more likely to develop it:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Primary Raynaud phenomenon&lt;/strong&gt; has been linked to:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Women get it more often than men.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your age.&lt;/strong&gt; It usually develops in people younger than age 30. It often starts in the teenage years.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A family history of Raynaud phenomenon.&lt;/strong&gt; You are more likely to develop Raynaud phenomenon if you have a family member who has it.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Secondary Raynaud phenomenon&lt;/strong&gt; has been linked to:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain diseases.&lt;/strong&gt; These include lupus, scleroderma, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt; (RA), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;carpal tunnel syndrome&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;connective tissue disorders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certain medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; Medicines that treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html"&gt;migraines&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;attention deficit hyperactivity disorder&lt;/a&gt; (ADHD) may cause similar symptoms to Raynaud phenomenon or make your symptoms worse.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Work-related exposures,&lt;/strong&gt; such as repeated use of vibrating machinery (such as a jackhammer), or exposure to cold or certain chemicals.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Raynaud phenomenon?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Raynaud attacks most often happen when you get cold, for example when you grab something cold from the freezer or go into an air-conditioned building on a warm day. Attacks usually affect your fingers and toes. But sometimes they can affect other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose, lips, or nipples.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An attack causes the skin to become cold and numb. Your skin may also turn white or blue due to a lack of oxygen. As the blood flow returns, your skin may tingle, throb, or turn red. An attack may last a few minutes or a few hours. If you have darker skin, you may not be able to easily see the skin color changes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For many people, especially those with the primary type, the symptoms are mild. People with the secondary type often have more severe symptoms. They may develop skin ulcers (open sores caused by poor blood flow) or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html"&gt;skin infections&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Raynaud phenomenon diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test to diagnose Raynaud phenomenon. To find out if you have it, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history and ask about your symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order blood and other lab tests to check for other conditions which could be causing your symptoms and/or to help decide which type of Raynaud phenomenon you have.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Raynaud phenomenon?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with Raynaud phenomenon can keep their symptoms under control by avoiding getting cold. But if this is not enough, medicines and, in some cases, surgical procedures can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is more likely to be serious and to need more treatments. It's also important to treat the condition or problem that is causing your Raynaud phenomenon. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need to see a specialist such as a rheumatologist, a doctor who treats diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can Raynaud phenomenon be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Raynaud phenomenon cannot be prevented, but you can help prevent attacks and manage your symptoms by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Placing your hands or feet in a warm place when you have an attack. This could mean putting them under warm (not hot) water or under a heating pad.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping your body, especially your hands and feet, warm in cold weather.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding triggers, such as certain medicines and stress.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; (or not starting smoking).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Managing stress.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011928">Raynaud Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
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<see-reference>Raynaud's Syndrome</see-reference>
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<site title="Raynaud Phenomenon" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Raynaud+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Raynaud Phenomenon" url="https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/raynaud-phenomenon/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raynaud phenomenon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000412.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raynaud phenomenon: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/raynaud-phenomenon">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Raynaud's Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20363571?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Raynaud's Phenomenon" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/raynauds-phenomenon" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/fenomeno-de-raynaud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Raynaud's Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/raynauds-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/raynauds-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thromboangiitis obliterans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000172.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las imágenes de rayos X utilizan ondas electromagnéticas para mostrar el interior de su cuerpo. Se utilizan para ver fracturas, entre otros usos. Más aquí." title="Rayos X" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html" id="3950" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<also-called>Radiografías</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los rayos X son un tipo de radiación llamada ondas electromagnéticas. Las imágenes de rayos X muestran el interior de su cuerpo en diferentes tonos de blanco y negro. Esto es debido a que diferentes tejidos absorben diferentes cantidades de radiación. El calcio en los huesos absorbe la mayoría de los rayos X, por lo que los huesos se ven blancos. La grasa y otros tejidos blandos absorben menos, y se ven de color gris. El aire absorbe la menor cantidad, por lo que los pulmones se ven negros.

&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El uso más común de los rayos X es para ver &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos), pero  también se utilizan para otros usos. Por ejemplo, las radiografías de tórax pueden detectar neumonía. Las mamografías utilizan rayos X para detectar el cáncer de mama.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando a usted le sacan una radiografía, es posible que deba usar un delantal de plomo para proteger algunas partes de su cuerpo. La cantidad de radiación que recibe de una radiografía es pequeña. Por ejemplo, una radiografía de tórax expone a una dosis de radiación similar a la cantidad  que está naturalmente expuesto del ambiente por un periodo de 10 días. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html" id="3949" language="English">X-Rays</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html" id="3952">Tomografía computarizada</related-topic>
<site title="Angiografía aórtica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003814.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003814.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía mesentérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003819.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003819.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocath" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003813.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteriografía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003781.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistografía retrógrada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003783.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003783.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistouretrograma miccional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003784.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistouretrograma miccional pediátrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/voidcysto" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/voidcysto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colangiografía transhepática percutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003820.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003820.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia virtual" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colonoscopia-virtual" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/virtual-colonoscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Como leer su informe de radiología" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Densitometría ósea" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/dexa" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=dexa">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Densitometría ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Discograma (Discografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/discography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/discography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dosis de radiación" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enema opaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroclisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003818.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fluoroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fluoroscopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fluoroscopy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de términos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosalpingografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfangiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003798.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mamografía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Materiales de contraste" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-contrast" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-contrast">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/myelography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=myelography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa (PIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielograma intravenoso (PIV)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ivp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/x-ray/about/pac-20395303?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/x-ray/about/pac-20395303?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003815.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003815.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003805.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003805.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de hueso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003808.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la columna torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003809.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003809.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de las manos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003811.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003803.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de una articulación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de una extremidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003461.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía del abdomen" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominrad">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía del esqueleto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003381.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Abdomen (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-abdomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-abdomen.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Columna cervical (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-c-spine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-c-spine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Dedo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-finger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-finger.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Estudio de la edad ósea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Longitud de las piernas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-leg-length.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-leg-length.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Tibia y peroné" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-lower-leg.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-lower-leg.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Tobillo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-ankle.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-ankle.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Tórax (Pecho) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-exam-chest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-exam-chest.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografías dentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003801.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/rayos-x">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003337.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003337.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X óseo (radiografía)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de la radiación en niños" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-rad-children" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-rad-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sialograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003812.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Venografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007283.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Venography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003770.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003770.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La reanimación cardiopulmonar es una técnica de emergencia utilizada cuando el corazón de una persona deja de latir o ésta deja de respirar. Salva vidas." title="Reanimación cardiopulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html" id="3640" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2004">
<also-called>RCP</also-called>
<also-called>Reanimación cardiorrespiratoria</also-called>
<also-called>Reanimación cardíaca</also-called>
<also-called>Resucitación cardiopulmonar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando la circulación de la sangre o la respiración de una persona se detienen, cada segundo cuenta. El daño cerebral permanente o la muerte pueden ocurrir rápidamente. Si usted sabe hacer resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP), puede salvar una vida. La RCP es un procedimiento de emergencia para una persona cuyo corazón se ha detenido (llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html"&gt;paro cardíaco súbito&lt;/a&gt;) o para quien no se encuentra respirando. La RCP puede mantener la circulación y la respiración hasta la llegada de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;ayuda médica de emergencia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siga estos pasos si una persona está en paro cardíaco:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llame al 911&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si hay alguien más cerca, pídale que busque un desfibrilador externo automático (DEA). Un DEA es un dispositivo que envía una descarga eléctrica al corazón para intentar restaurar su ritmo normal. Los DEA están disponibles en muchos lugares públicos, como escuelas, empresas y aeropuertos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese que la persona en paro cardíaco se encuentra de espaldas sobre una superficie sólida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si no tiene entrenamiento en RCP, puede hacer RCP "solo con las manos" para un adolescente o adulto cuyo corazón ha dejado de latir (no se recomienda la RCP "solo con las manos" para los niños). La RCP "solo con las manos" usa compresiones en el tórax para mantener la sangre circulando. Las compresiones torácicas implican empujar fuerte y rápido en el centro del pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si ha recibido capacitación, puede usar compresiones torácicas, abrir las vías respiratorias y hacer respiración boca a boca. La respiración boca a boca ayuda a llevar oxígeno a los pulmones de una persona que ha dejado de respirar. Para mantenerse actualizado en las técnicas de RCP, repita su capacitación cada dos años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si está disponible, use el desfibrilador automático lo antes posible&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html" id="3639" language="English">CPR</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html" id="1906">Primeros auxilios</related-topic>
<site title="Aprenda RCP ¡Sí, se puede!" url="http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/spanish/" language-mapped-url="http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Universidad de Washington, Facultad de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contusión miocárdica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000202.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000202.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo los Desfibriladores Externos Automáticos (DEA) en lugares públicos pueden reanimar corazones" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-los-desfibriladores-externos-automaticos-dea-en-lugares-publicos-pueden-reanimar-corazones" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-aeds-public-places-can-restart-hearts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios en caso de dificultad respiratoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000007.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RCP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000010.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RCP en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100219_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100219_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RCP en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000011.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RCP en bebés (imagen)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100216_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100216_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RCP en niños de 1 a 8 años (imagen)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100215_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100215_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RCP en niños pequeños (de 1 año hasta el inicio de la pubertad)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RCP: Adultos y niños después del inicio de la pubertad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000013.htm">
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) (Para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cpr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cpr.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP): Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cpr/basics/ART-20056600?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reanimación cardiopulmonar: Un verdadero salvavidas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cpr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cpr.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La reconstrucción del seno puede ayudar a personas que han tenido una mastectomía por cáncer de mama. Entérese sobre la cirugía y los tipos de implantes." title="Reconstrucción del seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastreconstruction.html" id="1789" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2003">
<also-called>Reconstitución de la mama</also-called>
<also-called>Reconstitución del pecho</also-called>
<also-called>Reconstitución del seno</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted necesita una  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html"&gt;mastectomía&lt;/a&gt;, tiene la opción de someterse a una cirugía o no para reconstruir la forma del seno. Si elige no someterse a la operación, puede optar por usar una prótesis (aparato o dispositivo que simula la forma del seno), usar rellenos dentro del brasier o sostén o no hacer nada. Todas estas opciones tienen sus ventajas y desventajas y lo que es bueno para una mujer puede no serlo para otra. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La reconstrucción del seno puede hacerse al mismo tiempo que la mastectomía o más tarde. Si parte de su tratamiento es radioterapia, su doctor puede sugerirle realizar la reconstrucción más adelante cuando termine con la terapia. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está pensando en la reconstrucción, hable con un cirujano plástico antes de la mastectomía, aún si planea esperar para la reconstrucción. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt; Un cirujano puede reconstruir una mama de diferentes maneras. Algunas mujeres eligen implantes mamarios, que están rellenos de solución salina o gel de silicona. Otro método es usar su propio tejido extraído de otra parte del cuerpo. El cirujano plástico puede extraer piel, músculo y grasa de la parte baja del abdomen, espalda o cola. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; El mejor método dependerá de su edad, tipo de cuerpo y el tipo de cirugía que haya tenido. Un cirujano plástico puede ayudarle con la decisión.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastreconstruction.html" id="1239" language="English">Breast Reconstruction</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="2092">Cirugía plástica y cosmética</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html" id="1786">Cáncer de seno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html" id="1787">Enfermedades del seno</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo prepararse para la cirugía de reconstrucción del seno" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/cirugia-reconstructiva/como-prepararse-para-la-cirugia-de-reconstruccion-del-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/reconstruction-surgery/preparing-for-breast-reconstruction-surgery.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mastectomía y reconstrucción de la mama: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000253.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué debe saber sobre los implantes de seno" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-debe-saber-sobre-los-implantes-de-seno">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción de seno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100156_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100156_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción del seno después de una mastectomía" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-reconstruccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/reconstruction-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción mamaria con implantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007403.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconstrucción mamaria con tejido natural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007404.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Debo considerar una cirugía de reconstrucción del seno?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/cirugia-reconstructiva/debo-someterme-a-una-cirugia-de-reconstruccion-del-seno.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/reconstruction-surgery/should-i-get-breast-reconstruction-surgery.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The rectum is the lower part of your large intestine. Common problems include hemorrhoids, abscesses, incontinence and cancer." title="Rectal Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rectaldisorders.html" id="5870" language="English" date-created="08/29/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The rectum is the lower part of your large intestine where your body stores stool. Problems with rectum are common. They include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;hemorrhoids&lt;/a&gt;, abscesses, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html"&gt;incontinence&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
Many people are embarrassed to talk about rectal troubles. But seeing your doctor about problems in this area is important. This is especially true if you have pain or bleeding. Treatments vary depending on the particular problem.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rectaldisorders.html" id="5871" language="Spanish">Enfermedades rectales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012002">Rectal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rectaldisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html" id="137">Anal Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html" id="5316">Bowel Incontinence</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html" id="5262">Bowel Movement</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html" id="88">Colorectal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html" id="29">Digestive Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html" id="1226">Hemorrhoids</related-topic>
<see-reference>Proctitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rectocele</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anorectal abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003890.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003890.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Proctitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Proctitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rectal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rectal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rectal Prolapse" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rectal+Prolapse%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rectocele" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=rectocele&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rectocele" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rectocele%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Digital rectal exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007069.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007069.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Get More Fiber in Your Diet" url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Rectal Suppositories" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/rectal-suppositories">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Levator Syndrome" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/levator-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-anales-y-rectales/s%C3%ADndrome-del-elevador-del-ano">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI X-Ray (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/lowergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/lowergi">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-pelvic-floor/pelvic-floor-dyssynergia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polyps of the Colon and Rectum" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polyps-of-the-colon-and-rectum" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polipos-del-colon-y-el-recto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posterior Vaginal Prolapse (Rectocele)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20353414?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20353414?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001139.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/proctitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376933?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/proctitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rectal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rectal biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003891.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003891.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Bleeding" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050740?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/rectal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050740?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007741.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Problems in Women" url="https://gi.org/topics/rectal-problems-in-women/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal prolapse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001132.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal Prolapse Expanded Information" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse-expanded-version">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal prolapse repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002932.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rectal prolapse repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100037_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100037_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome - Symptoms and causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rectal-ulcer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377749?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testing of the Anorectal and Pelvic Floor Area" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/motility-testing/anorectal-and-pelvic-floor-area/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Minor Rectal Bleeding" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-minor-rectal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-el-sangrado-rectal-leve">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rehabilitación tras un ataque cerebral busca ayudar a personas que han perdido funciones por un accidente cerebrovascular. Más aquí." title="Recuperación de un ataque cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5915" language="Spanish" date-created="11/14/2011">
<also-called>Rehabilitación de un ataque cerebrovascular</also-called>
<also-called>Rehabilitación después de un ACV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;ataque cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; puede causar daño cerebral permanente.  Las personas que sobreviven a un derrame cerebral necesitan volver a aprender las habilidades que perdieron.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los efectos del ataque cerebral dependen del área del cerebro dañada.  Los tipos de discapacidades que pueden causar los ataques cerebrales incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html"&gt;Parálisis&lt;/a&gt; o problemas de control del movimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor u otros problemas con los sentidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para usar o entender lo que se le &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html"&gt;dice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alteraciones emocionales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
La recuperación de un ataque cerebral involucra a varios profesionales de la salud. El objetivo es ayudar a los sobrevivientes de un ataque cerebral a ser lo más independiente posible y a tener la mejor calidad de vida que se pueda.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5914" language="English">Stroke Rehabilitation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176">Accidente cerebrovascular</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html" id="1753">Afasia</related-topic>
<see-reference>ACV, Recuperación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ataque cerebral, Recuperación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Derrame cerebral, Recuperación</see-reference>
<site title="Accidentes cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/accidentes-cerebrovasculares" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/stroke/stroke-overview">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios causados por un ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/Los-Cambios-Causador-Por-Un-Ataque-O-Derrame-Cerebral.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios emocionales luego de un ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/LTAS-Emotional-Changes-Caused-by-Stroke.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Después del derrame cerebral" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/stroke-information/after-stroke.cfm" language-mapped-url="http://www.rorc.research.va.gov/rescue/stroke-information/after-stroke.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio físico después de un derrame cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.cindrr.research.va.gov/es/hojas_informativas/asegure_cuido_ser_quiendo/ejercicio_fisico.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espasticidad" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/physical-needs/spasticity.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre la rehabilitación después de un ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/stroke-files/spanish-resources/ltas-stroke-and-rehab.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pasos para la recuperación de un accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/stroke/stroke-treatment-and-recovery/stroke-recovery-steps">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de caídas después de un derrame cerebral" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/independent-living/preventing-falls.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recuperación después de un accidente cerebrovascular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007419.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación de accidente cerebrovascular: Qué esperar mientras te recuperas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stroke/in-depth/stroke-rehabilitation/art-20045172?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación posterior al ataque cerebral" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/rehabilitacion-posterior-al-ataque-cerebral" language-mapped-url="https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/post-stroke-rehabilitation.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación tras un derrame cerebral" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/stroke-information/rehabilitation.cfm" language-mapped-url="http://www.rorc.research.va.gov/rescue/stroke-information/rehabilitation.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toma de decisiones en cuanto a la rehabilitación" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/MakingRehabilitationDecisionsGuide_Spanish_2020.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida tras un ataque cerebral" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Spanish-Resources/Life-After-Stroke-Guide_SpanishA.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la rehabilitación?" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/recursos-en-espanol/rehabilitacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El reemplazo de cadera es una cirugía para personas con severos daños a esta articulación. La causa más común es la osteoartritis. Más aquí. " title="Reemplazo de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html" id="3923" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2004">
<also-called>Artroplastia de cadera</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El reemplazo de cadera es una cirugía para personas con daños severos en la cadera. La razón más común para esta operación es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt;. La osteoartritis causa dolor, hinchazón y reduce la movilidad de las articulaciones. Esto puede interferir con sus actividades cotidianas. Si otros tratamientos como la fisioterapia, analgésicos o ejercicio no ayudaron, una cirugía de reemplazo de cadera puede ser una opción.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En un reemplazo de la cadera, el cirujano retira el cartílago y el hueso de la articulación de la cadera que están lesionados y los reemplaza con piezas nuevas artificiales.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Este procedimiento puede:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aliviar el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a que su cadera funcione mejor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mejorar el caminar y otros movimientos&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El problema más común después de una cirugía es la dislocación de la cadera. Debido a que la cadera artificial es más pequeña que la articulación original, puede salirse de la cavidad. La cirugía también puede causar coágulos sanguíneos e infecciones. Después de un reemplazo de la cadera, es necesario evitar algunas actividades, como correr y los deportes de alto impacto. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html" id="3922" language="English">Hip Replacement</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1957">Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cadera, Reemplazo</see-reference>
<site title="Alistar la casa en caso de cirugía de rodilla o de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras artroplastia de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000169.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antes de una artroplastia de cadera o de rodilla: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroplastia de cadera mínimamente invasiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007498.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroscopia de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007500.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de reemplazo de cadera" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/cirugia-de-reemplazo-de-cadera" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/hip-replacement-surgery">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la nueva articulación de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000171.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000171.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decidirse por una artroplastia de cadera o de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de una artroplastia de cadera o de rodilla: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de la articulación de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002975.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie sobre artroplastia de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100006_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100006_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/trombosis-venosa-profunda-deep-vein-thrombosis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El reemplazo de rodilla es una cirugía para personas con un grave daño en esta articulación. Busca aliviar el dolor y aumentar la funcionalidad. Más aquí." title="Reemplazo de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html" id="3925" language="Spanish" date-created="10/05/2004">
<also-called>Artroplastia de rodilla</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un reemplazo de rodilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El reemplazo de rodilla es una cirugía para cambiar partes de la articulación de la rodilla con partes artificiales nuevas. Es posible que necesite un reemplazo de rodilla si tiene una lesión que le cause dolor intenso y dificultad para realizar sus actividades diarias, como caminar y subir escaleras. Por lo general, se realiza cuando otros tratamientos para el dolor de rodilla no han ayudado lo suficiente. El objetivo de un reemplazo de rodilla es aliviar el dolor y ayudarle a moverse mejor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Personas de todas las edades pueden someterse a un reemplazo de rodilla, pero es más común en personas mayores. La decisión de someterse a una cirugía se basa en su estado de salud general y en cuánto le molesta la rodilla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas trata el reemplazo de rodilla?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla trata afecciones que causan el desgaste del cartílago de la articulación de la rodilla. Éstas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt; de rodilla&lt;/strong&gt;: La razón más común para la cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla. Por lo general, se desarrolla con el tiempo después de una lesión o por el envejecimiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño de rodilla por otros tipos de&lt;strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas de las articulaciones de la rodilla&lt;/strong&gt; que no se formaron correctamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué sucede durante un reemplazo de rodilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Durante la cirugía, un cirujano extrae el cartílago dañado y algo de hueso de la superficie de la articulación de la rodilla. El cartílago es tejido que cubre los huesos en el lugar donde se unen. El cartílago sano es suave y ayuda a que los huesos se deslicen entre sí cuando se mueven. Cuando el cartílago se vuelve áspero y se desgasta, los huesos frotan entre sí, causando dolor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Después de extraer el cartílago y el hueso de la rodilla dañado, el cirujano coloca las partes artificiales en los huesos. Las partes artificiales están hechas de metal y plástico, entregando a su rodilla superficies nuevas y suaves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla puede reemplazar todas las partes dañadas de su rodilla (reemplazo total de rodilla) o solo una parte de su rodilla (reemplazo parcial de rodilla). En un reemplazo total de rodilla, el cirujano reemplaza 3 superficies:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El final de la tibia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El final del fémur&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La parte posterior de la rótula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre después de la cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas se van a casa el mismo día de la cirugía. Otras permanecen en el hospital unos días. Para ayudar a prevenir los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt;, lo más probable es que tome &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt; y use medias especiales o cubiertas en las piernas durante un tiempo breve después de la operación.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El éxito de su cirugía depende en gran medida de lo que haga en casa para recuperarse. Un fisioterapeuta le enseñará ejercicios para fortalecer su rodilla y ayudarla a doblarla. Es importante hacer estos ejercicios con regularidad. Es posible que deba usar un bastón o un andador durante varias semanas después de la operación. Es probable que pasen varias semanas antes de que pueda conducir. Su profesional de la salud le dirá cuándo puede empezar a conducir de nuevo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que siguen las instrucciones de recuperación pueden volver a casi todas sus actividades diarias normales dentro de las 3 a 6 semanas siguientes a la cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo es la vida después de un reemplazo de rodilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Después de recuperarse de la cirugía, la mayoría de las personas pueden moverse mejor y con menos dolor que antes de la cirugía. Pero tener una rodilla artificial no es lo mismo que tener una rodilla normal y sana.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para proteger su nueva rodilla, usted debe:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física con regularidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No realizar actividades de alto impacto, como trotar, correr y saltar. En su lugar, puede probar actividades de bajo impacto que sean buenas para la rodilla, como caminar, andar en bicicleta y nadar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos del reemplazo de rodilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La probabilidad de tener problemas después de un reemplazo de rodilla es baja. Pero existen riesgos después de cualquier operación. Los posibles problemas después de la cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infección&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Coágulos de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;Ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño en los nervios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cicatrices que limitan hasta dónde puede doblar la rodilla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Su edad, su estado de salud general y su nivel de actividad pueden afectar su riesgo de tener un problema después de un reemplazo de rodilla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánto dura un reemplazo de rodilla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un reemplazo de rodilla no dura para siempre. Después de 15 a 20 años, las partes artificiales de la rodilla pueden aflojarse o desgastarse. Si eso ocurre, es posible que necesite otra cirugía en la misma rodilla.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está pensando en someterse a un reemplazo de rodilla, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre sus riesgos y beneficios. Juntos pueden decidir si un reemplazo de rodilla es adecuado para usted.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html" id="3924" language="English">Knee Replacement</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1994">Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla</related-topic>
<site title="Alistar la casa en caso de cirugía de rodilla o de cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000167.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras artroplastia de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000170.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000170.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antes de una artroplastia de cadera o de rodilla: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000233.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artroplastia parcial de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007256.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decidirse por una artroplastia de cadera o de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000368.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de una artroplastia de cadera o de rodilla: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000232.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de la articulación de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002974.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo de rodilla" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reemplazo parcial de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100225_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100225_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie sobre artroplastia de rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100088_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100088_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/trombosis-venosa-profunda-deep-vein-thrombosis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) ocurre cuando el contenido del estómago regresa al esófago, irritándolo. Síntomas, causas, tratamientos." title="Reflujo gastroesofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html" id="1916" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Acidez crónica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El esófago es un tubo que transporta la comida desde la boca hasta el estómago. La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) ocurre cuando un músculo al final del esófago no se cierra adecuadamente. Eso permite que el contenido del estómago regrese, o haga reflujo, hacia el esófago y lo irrite. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede sentir una sensación de ardor en el pecho o la garganta denominada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;acidez&lt;/a&gt;. Algunas veces se puede sentir el sabor del líquido del estómago en la parte posterior de la boca. Si tiene estos síntomas más de dos veces a la semana, es posible que tenga ERGE. También puede tener ERGE sin tener acidez estomacal. Los síntomas pueden incluir tos seca, síntomas de asma o problemas para tragar.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener ERGE, incluso los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html"&gt;bebés&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt;. Si no se trata, puede conducir a problemas de salud más serios. En algunos casos, se requieren medicinas o cirugía. Sin embargo, muchas personas pueden mejorar sus síntomas si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Evitan las bebidas alcohólicas y las comidas condimentadas, grasosas o ácidas que desencadenan la acidez &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Comen menos porciones en las comidas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No comen antes de acostarse &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pierden peso, cuando es necesario &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Visten con ropa holgada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512" language="English">GERD</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html" id="2257">Acidez estomacal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html" id="1890">Enfermedades del esófago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html" id="4371">Hernia de hiato</related-topic>
<see-reference>Barrett, Esófago de</see-reference>
<see-reference>ERGE</see-reference>
<see-reference>GERD</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pirosis</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía antirreflujo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000160.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000160.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras reflujo gastroesofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000197.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anillo esofágico inferior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000208.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiácidos que contienen aspirina pueden causar sangrado" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/advertencia-los-antiacidos-que-contienen-aspirina-pueden-causar-sangrado" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/warning-aspirin-containing-antacid-medicines-can-cause-bleeding">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiácidos y reductores de ácido: Alivio con medicamentos OTC (sin receta médica) para la acidez estomacal y el reflujo ácido" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/antiacidos-y-reductores-de-acido-alivio-con-medicamentos-otc-para-la-acidez-estomacal-y-el-reflujo-acido/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antacids-and-acid-reducers-otc-relief-for-heartburn-and-acid-reflux/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Cirugía antirreflujo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002925.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para tratar la acidez" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/cirugia-laparoscopica-antirreflujo-informacion-para-el-paciente-de-parte-de-su-medico-y-de-sages/" language-mapped-url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-anti-reflux-gerd-surgery-from-sages/">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la dilatación esofágica" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-dilataci%C3%B3n-esof%C3%A1gica" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-eso-dilation-updated">
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<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
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<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta blanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000068.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico (y personas con asma)" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/enfermedad-de-reflujo-gastroesofagico-(erg)" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000265.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000265.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="ERGE" url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/erge/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/topics/acid-reflux/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esofagitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001153.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmo esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000289.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos esofágicos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-spasms/symptoms-causes/syc-20372250?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esófago de Barrett" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esofago-de-barrett-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/barretts-esophagus.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la ERGE (enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000265_67.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000265_7.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indigestión (Dispepsia)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/indigestion-dispepsia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/indigestion-dyspepsia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manometría esofágica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003884.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoreo del pH esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003401.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para tragar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Bernstein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003897.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de pH esofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ph-esofagico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/esophageal-ph-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100181_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100181_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico: ¿Pueden ciertos medicamentos empeorarlo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/heartburn-gerd/faq-20058535?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/heartburn-gerd/FAQ-20058535?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gástrico (RGE y ERGE) en adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/reflujo-gastrico-rge-enfermedad-por-reflujo-gastroesofagico-erge-adultos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar antiácidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de la dispepsia funcional: ¿Cuáles son sus opciones?" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/tratamiento-la-dispepsia-funcional-cuales-son-sus-opciones/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Sintiendo el ardor? Opciones para el reflujo ácido" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sintiendo-el-ardor" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/11/feeling-burn">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si su bebé tiene reflujo, el alimento en su estómago vuelve al esófago. La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es un tipo de reflujo más grave y duradero." title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html" id="6468" language="Spanish" date-created="05/23/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el reflujo y la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt; es un tubo que lleva el alimento de su boca al estómago. Si su hijo tiene reflujo, el alimento en su estómago vuelve al esófago. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por otra parte, la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es un tipo de reflujo más grave y duradero. Si su bebé no puede alimentarse o el reflujo dura más de 12 a 14 meses, puede ser que tenga ERGE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existe un músculo (el esfínter esofágico inferior) que actúa como una válvula entre el esófago y el estómago. Cuando su bebé traga, este músculo se relaja para permitir que los alimentos pasen del esófago al estómago. Por lo general, este músculo permanece cerrado y el contenido del estómago no regresa al esófago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los bebés que tienen reflujo, el músculo del esfínter esofágico inferior no está totalmente desarrollado y por ello el contenido del estómago regresa al esófago. Esto hace que su bebé regurgite o "devuelva" la leche. Una vez que su esfínter se desarrolla por completo, su bebé ya no debería regurgitar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los bebés que tienen ERGE, el músculo del esfínter se debilita o se relaja cuando no debe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tan común es el reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El reflujo es muy común en los bebés. Cerca de la mitad de los bebés regurgitan varias veces al día durante los primeros tres meses de vida. Por lo general, dejan de regurgitar entre los 12 y 14 meses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La ERGE también es común en bebés. Muchos bebés de cuatro meses la padecen. Pero para su primer cumpleaños, sólo el 10% de los bebés aún tienen ERGE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los bebés, el principal síntoma de reflujo y ERGE es regurgitar (devolver la leche). La ERGE también puede causar síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Arqueo de la espalda: Su bebé tira la cabeza hacia atrás, durante o justo después de comer &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cólico: Llanto que dura más de tres horas al día sin causa médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arcadas o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;problemas para tragar&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad, especialmente después de comer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer poco o negarse a comer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poco aumento de peso o pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sibilancias o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Vómitos&lt;/a&gt; fuertes o frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la mayoría de los casos, un médico diagnostica el reflujo revisando los síntomas y la historia clínica de su bebé. Si los síntomas no mejoran con cambios en la alimentación y medicamentos para el reflujo, es posible que su hijo necesite hacerse pruebas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Varias pruebas pueden ayudar al médico a diagnosticar la ERGE. A veces, los médicos piden más de una prueba para obtener un diagnóstico. Pruebas comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serie gastrointestinal superior:&lt;/b&gt; Examina la forma del tracto gastrointestinal superior de su bebé. Su bebé tomará un líquido de contraste llamado bario. El bario se mezcla en un biberón con otro alimento. El profesional de la salud tomará varias radiografías de su hijo para rastrear el bario por el esófago y el estómago &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monitorización de pH esofágico:&lt;/b&gt; Mide la cantidad de ácido o líquido en el esófago de su bebé. Un médico o enfermera coloca un tubo delgado flexible en el estómago a través de la nariz de su bebé. El extremo del tubo en el esófago mide cuándo y cuánto ácido entra al esófago. El otro extremo del tubo se conecta a un monitor que registra estas mediciones. Su bebé usará el tubo durante 24 horas, probablemente en el hospital &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior y biopsia:&lt;/b&gt; Utiliza un endoscopio, un tubo largo y flexible con una cámara. El médico recorre el esófago, el estómago y la primera parte del intestino delgado con el endoscopio. Mientras observa las imágenes del endoscopio, el médico también puede tomar muestras de tejido (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué cambios en la alimentación pueden ayudar a tratar el reflujo o la ERGE del bebé?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los cambios en la alimentación pueden ayudar al reflujo y la ERGE de su bebé:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Agregue cereal de arroz al biberón de leche materna o fórmula.  Consulte con el médico cuánto añadir. Si la mezcla es muy espesa, puede cambiar la tetina por una más grande o cortar la abertura con forma de "X" para agrandarla&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haga eructar a su bebé cada una a dos onzas de fórmula. Si amamanta, hágalo después de darle cada pecho&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No lo alimente demasiado: Dele a su bebé la cantidad de fórmula o leche materna recomendada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenga a su bebé en posición vertical durante 30 minutos después de las comidas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si usa fórmula y su médico piensa que su bebé puede ser sensible a las proteínas de la leche, su médico puede sugerir cambiar la fórmula. No cambie fórmulas sin hablar con el médico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tratamientos para la ERGE del bebé podría recomendar el médico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si los cambios en la alimentación no ayudan, el médico puede recomendar medicamentos. Los medicamentos funcionan reduciendo la cantidad de ácido en el estómago de su bebé. El médico sólo sugerirá medicamentos si su bebé aún tiene síntomas de ERGE cuando:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ya ha probado algunos cambios en la alimentación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su bebé tiene problemas para dormir o alimentarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su bebé no crece en forma adecuada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, el médico recetará un medicamento como prueba y explicará las posibles complicaciones. No debe administrarle a su bebé medicamentos a menos que el médico se lo indique.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos para la ERGE en los bebés incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bloqueadores H2, que disminuyen la producción de ácido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inhibidores de la bomba de protones, que reducen la cantidad de ácido que produce el estómago &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si estos no ayudan y su bebé todavía tiene síntomas severos, entonces la cirugía podría ser una opción. Los gastroenterólogos pediátricos sólo realizan esta operación en bebés en casos raros. Pueden sugerir cirugía cuando los bebés tienen problemas respiratorios graves o tienen un problema físico que causa los síntomas de ERGE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" id="6467" language="English">Reflux in Infants</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
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<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundoplicatura" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Fundoplication%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Fundoplication.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guía casera para padres sobre la ERGE (enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico)" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/GERD-Parents-Handout-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/resources/GERD%20Parent%20Take%20Home%20Guide_11-13-13.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Por qué escupen o regurgitan los bebés" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/paginas/why-babies-spit-up.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo en los bebés" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/el-reflujo-en-los-bebes.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001134.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gastroesofágico y la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico: Preguntas frecuentes de los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Paginas/gerd-reflux.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gástrico infantil:  Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infant-acid-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20351408?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo gástrico infantil: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infant-acid-reflux/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351412?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regurgitación en los bebés" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/regurgitacion-en-los-bebes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/spitting-up-in-babies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regurgitación en los bebés: Qué es normal y qué no" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si su hijo tiene reflujo, el alimento en su estómago vuelve al esófago. La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es un tipo de reflujo más grave. Síntomas, tratamiento." title="Reflujo gastroesofágico en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html" id="6522" language="Spanish" date-created="05/24/2017">
<also-called>Acidez gástrica crónica en niños</also-called>
<also-called>RGE</also-called>
<also-called>Reflujo esofágico en niños</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el reflujo y la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;esófago&lt;/a&gt; es un tubo que lleva el alimento de su boca al estómago. Si su hijo tiene reflujo, el alimento en su estómago vuelve al esófago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por otra parte, la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es un tipo de reflujo más grave y duradero. Si su hijo tiene reflujo más de dos veces por semana durante algunas semanas, podría tener ERGE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el reflujo y la ERGE en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existe un músculo (el esfínter esofágico inferior) que actúa como válvula entre el esófago y el estómago. Cuando el niño traga, este músculo se relaja para dejar que los alimentos pasen del esófago al estómago. El resto del tiempo este músculo permanece cerrado y el contenido del estómago no vuelve hacia el esófago.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los niños que tienen reflujo y ERGE, este músculo se debilita o se relaja cuando no debe y el contenido del estómago vuelve al esófago. Esto puede suceder debido a:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html"&gt;hernia de hiato&lt;/a&gt;, una afección en la cual la parte alta de su estómago se extiende hacia arriba por una abertura en el diafragma &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento de la presión sobre el abdomen por sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos, como algunas medicinas para el asma, antihistamínicos (que tratan las alergias), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; (para el dolor), sedantes (que ayudan a dormir) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt; o exponerse al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;humo de segunda mano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una cirugía previa en el esófago o parte superior del abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;retraso del desarrollo&lt;/a&gt; severo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertas afecciones neurológicas, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html"&gt;parálisis cerebral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tan común es el reflujo y la ERGE en los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos niños tienen reflujo a veces, pero la ERGE no es tan común. Sólo el 25% de los niños tienen síntomas de ERGE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del reflujo y la ERGE en niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que su hijo ni siquiera note el reflujo. Pero algunos niños sienten el alimento o el ácido del estómago en la parte de atrás de la boca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los niños, la ERGE puede causar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html"&gt;Acidez estomacal&lt;/a&gt;, una sensación dolorosa y de ardor en el medio del pecho. Es más común en niños mayores (de 12 años y más)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html"&gt;Mal aliento&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náusea y vómitos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Problemas o dolor al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;tragar&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Desgaste de los dientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el reflujo y la ERGE en niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la mayoría de los casos, un médico diagnostica el reflujo revisando los síntomas y la historia clínica de su hijo. Si los síntomas no mejoran con cambios en el estilo de vida y medicamentos para el reflujo, es posible que su hijo necesite hacerse una prueba para detectar si tiene ERGE u otros problemas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Varias pruebas pueden ayudar al médico a diagnosticar la ERGE. En ocasiones, los médicos solicitan más de una prueba para obtener un diagnóstico. Las pruebas comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Serie gastrointestinal superior:&lt;/b&gt; Examina la forma del tracto gastrointestinal superior de su hijo. El niño bebe un líquido de contraste llamado bario. Para los niños pequeños, el bario se mezcla en un biberón con otro alimento. El profesional de la salud tomará varias radiografías de su hijo para rastrear el bario por el esófago y el estómago &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monitorización de pH esofágico:&lt;/b&gt; Mide la cantidad de ácido o líquido en el esófago de su hijo. Un médico o enfermera coloca un tubo delgado flexible en el estómago a través de la nariz de su hijo. El final del tubo en el esófago mide cuándo y cuánto ácido vuelve a subir al esófago. El otro extremo del tubo se conecta a un monitor que registra las mediciones. Su hijo usará el tubo durante 24 horas. Es posible que tenga que permanecer en el hospital durante la prueba&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior y biopsia:&lt;/b&gt; Utiliza un endoscopio, un tubo largo y flexible con una cámara. El médico recorre el esófago, el estómago y el comienzo del intestino delgado con el endoscopio. Mientras observa las imágenes del endoscopio, el médico también puede tomar muestras de tejido (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué cambios de estilo de vida pueden ayudar a tratar el reflujo de mi hijo o la ERGE?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, el reflujo y la ERGE en los niños puede ser tratado con cambios en el estilo de vida:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bajar de peso si es necesario&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer porciones más pequeñas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar los alimentos con mucha grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar ropa holgada en la parte del abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentarse o pararse derecho por tres horas después de las comidas y no reclinarse o recostarse cuando está sentado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Levantando la cabecera de la cama de su niño de seis a ocho pulgadas (15 a 20 cm). Puede hacer esto colocando en forma segura bloques debajo de las patas de la cama&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tratamientos podría dar el médico para la ERGE de mi hijo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si los cambios en casa no ayudan, el médico puede recomendar medicamentos para tratar la ERGE. Los medicamentos funcionan reduciendo la cantidad de ácido en el estómago de su hijo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos medicamentos para ERGE en niños se pueden obtener sin receta médica, pero para otros se requiere prescripción. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antiácidos sin receta médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bloqueadores H2, que disminuyen la producción de ácido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Inhibidores de la bomba de protones, que reducen la cantidad de ácido que el estómago produce&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Procinética, que ayuda al estómago a vaciarse más rápido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si esto no ayuda y su hijo todavía tiene síntomas severos, la cirugía podría ser una opción. Un gastroenterólogo pediátrico, un especialista que trata a niños con enfermedades digestivas, realizaría la cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html" id="6521" language="English">Reflux in Children</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía antirreflujo en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000289.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía antirreflujo en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007401.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007688.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estudio de nivel de pH" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Ph%20Probe%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Ph%20Probe%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundoplicatura" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Fundoplication%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Fundoplication.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Kids can get reflux and GERD, which happen when stomach contents leak back up. Learn the difference between the two, and the symptoms and treatments." title="Reflux in Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html" id="6521" language="English" date-created="05/16/2017">
<also-called>GER in Children</also-called>
<also-called>GERD in Children</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are reflux (GER) and GERD?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. If your child has reflux, his or her stomach contents come back up into the esophagus. Another name for reflux is gastroesophageal reflux (GER).&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is a more serious and long-lasting type of reflux. If your child has reflux more than twice a week for a few weeks, it could be GERD.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What causes reflux and GERD in children?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a muscle (the lower esophageal sphincter) that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach. When your child swallows, this muscle relaxes to let food pass from the esophagus to the stomach. This muscle normally stays closed, so the stomach contents don't flow back into the esophagus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In children who have reflux and GERD, this muscle becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn't, and the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. This can happen because of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiatalhernia.html"&gt;hiatal hernia&lt;/a&gt;, a condition in which the upper part of your stomach pushes upward into your chest through an opening in your diaphragm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased pressure on the abdomen from being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, such as certain asthma medicines, antihistamines (which treat allergies), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;, sedatives (which help put people to sleep), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt; or exposure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A previous surgery on the esophagus or upper abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;developmental delay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;neurological conditions&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html"&gt;cerebral palsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How common are reflux and GERD in children?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many children have occasional reflux. GERD is not as common; up to 25% of children have symptoms of GERD. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of reflux and GERD in children?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your child might not even notice reflux. But some children taste food or stomach acid at the back of the mouth. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In children, GERD can cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;Heartburn&lt;/a&gt;, a painful, burning feeling in the middle of the chest. It is more common in older children (12 years and up).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html"&gt;Bad breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Problems swallowing&lt;/a&gt; or painful swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The wearing away of teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do doctors diagnose reflux and GERD in children?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In most cases, a doctor diagnoses reflux by reviewing your child's symptoms and medical history. If the symptoms do not get better with lifestyle changes and anti-reflux medicines, your child may need testing to check for GERD or other problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Several tests can help a doctor diagnose GERD. Sometimes doctors order more than one test to get a diagnosis. Commonly-used tests include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upper GI series&lt;/strong&gt;, which looks at the shape of your child's upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract. You child will drink a contrast liquid called barium. For young children, the barium is mixed in with a bottle or other food. The health care professional will take several x-rays of your child to track the barium as it goes through the esophagus and stomach.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring&lt;/strong&gt;, which measures the amount of acid or liquid in your child's esophagus. A doctor or nurse places a thin flexible tube through your child's nose into the stomach. The end of the tube in the esophagus measures when and how much acid comes back up into the esophagus. The other end of the tube attaches to a monitor that records the measurements. Your child will wear the tube for 24 hours. He or she may need to stay in the hospital during the test.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and biopsy&lt;/strong&gt;, which uses an endoscope, a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end of it. The doctor runs the endoscope down your child's esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. While looking at the pictures from the endoscope, the doctor may also take tissue samples (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What lifestyle changes can help treat my child's reflux or GERD?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes reflux and GERD in children can be treated with lifestyle changes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Losing weight, if needed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating smaller meals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding high-fat foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing loose-fitting clothing around the abdomen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying upright for 3 hours after meals and not reclining and slouching when sitting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleeping at a slight angle. Raise the head of your child's bed 6 to 8 inches by safely putting blocks under the bedposts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What treatments might the doctor give for my child's GERD?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If changes at home do not help enough, the doctor may recommend medicines to treat GERD. The medicines work by lowering the amount of acid in your child's stomach.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some medicines for GERD in children are over-the-counter, and some are prescription medicines. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Over-the-counter antacids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;H2 blockers, which decrease acid production&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which lower the amount of acid the stomach makes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prokinetics, which help the stomach empty faster&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If these don't help and your child still has severe symptoms, then surgery might be an option. A pediatric gastroenterologist, a doctor who treats children who have digestive diseases, would do the surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html" id="6522" language="Spanish">Reflujo gastroesofágico en niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005764">Gastroesophageal Reflux</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Acid Reflux (GER and GERD) in Children and Teens" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-children">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: GERD in Children" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=gerd&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/gerd.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="GERD and LPR" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/gerd-and-lpr/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflux in Children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gastroesophageal+Reflux%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reflux and GERD (in Children)" url="https://gikids.org/gerd/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many babies spit up, or have reflux, and some have the more serious GERD. Learn the difference between the two, and their symptoms and treatments." title="Reflux in Infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" id="6467" language="English" date-created="05/16/2017">
<also-called>GER in Infants</also-called>
<also-called>GERD in infants</also-called>
<also-called>Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are reflux (GER) and GERD?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. If your baby has reflux, his or her stomach contents come back up into the esophagus. Another name for reflux is gastroesophageal reflux (GER).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is a more serious and long-lasting type of reflux. Babies may have GERD if their symptoms prevent them from feeding or if the reflux lasts more than 12 to 14 months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes reflux and GERD in infants?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a muscle (the lower esophageal sphincter) that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach. When your baby swallows, this muscle relaxes to let food pass from the esophagus to the stomach. This muscle normally stays closed, so the stomach contents don't flow back into the esophagus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In babies who have reflux, the lower esophageal sphincter muscle is not fully developed and lets the stomach contents back up the esophagus. This causes your baby to spit up (regurgitate). Once his or her sphincter muscle fully develops, your baby should no longer spit up.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In babies who have GERD, the sphincter muscle becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn't. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How common are reflux and GERD in infants?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Reflux is very common in babies. About half all babies spit up many times a day in the first 3 months of their lives. They usually stop spitting up between the ages of 12 and 14 months.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;GERD is also common in younger infants. Many 4-month-olds have it. But by their first birthday, only 10% of babies still have GERD. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of reflux and GERD in infants?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In babies, the main symptom of reflux and GERD is spitting up. GERD may also cause symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arching of the back, often during or right after eating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Colic - crying that lasts for more than 3 hours a day with no medical cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Coughing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gagging or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritability, especially after eating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor eating or refusing to eat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor weight gain, or weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forceful or frequent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do doctors diagnose reflux and GERD in infants?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In most cases, a doctor diagnoses reflux by reviewing your baby's symptoms and medical history. If the symptoms do not get better with feeding changes and anti-reflux medicines, your baby may need testing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Several tests can help a doctor diagnose GERD. Sometimes doctors order more than one test to get a diagnosis. Common tests include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upper GI series&lt;/strong&gt;, which looks at the shape of your baby's upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract. Your baby will drink or eat a contrast liquid called barium. The barium is mixed in with a bottle or other food. The health care professional will take several x-rays of your baby to track the barium as it goes through the esophagus and stomach.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring&lt;/strong&gt;, which measures the amount of acid or liquid in your baby's esophagus. A doctor or nurse places a thin flexible tube through your baby's nose into the stomach. The end of the tube in the esophagus measures when and how much acid comes up into the esophagus. The other end of the tube attaches to a monitor that records the measurements. Your baby will wear this for 24 hours, most likely in the hospital.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and biopsy&lt;/strong&gt;, which uses an endoscope, a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end of it. The doctor runs the endoscope down your baby's esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. While looking at the pictures from the endoscope, the doctor may also take tissue samples (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What feeding changes can help treat my infant's reflux or GERD?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Feeding changes may help your baby's reflux and GERD:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Add rice cereal to your baby's bottle of formula or breastmilk. Check with the doctor about how much to add. If the mixture is too thick, you can change the nipple size or cut a little "x" in the nipple to make the opening larger.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Burp your baby after every 1 to 2 ounces of formula. If you breastfeed, burp your baby after nursing from each breast.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid overfeeding; give your baby the amount of formula or breast milk recommended.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hold your baby upright for 30 minutes after feedings.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you use formula and your doctor thinks that your baby may be sensitive to milk protein, your doctor may suggest switching to a different type of formula. Do not change formulas without talking to the doctor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What treatments might the doctor give for my infant's GERD?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If feeding changes do not help enough, the doctor may recommend medicines to treat GERD. The medicines work by lowering the amount of acid in your baby's stomach. The doctor will only suggest medicine if your baby still has regular GERD symptoms and:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You already tried some feeding changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your baby has problems sleeping or feeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your baby does not grow properly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The doctor will often prescribe a medicine on a trial basis and will explain any possible complications. You shouldn't give your baby any medicines unless the doctor tells you to.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medicines for GERD in babies include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;H2 blockers, which decrease acid production&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which lower the amount of acid the stomach makes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If these don't help and your baby still has severe symptoms, then surgery might be an option. Pediatric gastroenterologists only use surgery to treat GERD in babies in rare cases. They may suggest surgery when babies have severe breathing problems or have a physical problem that causes GERD symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html" id="6468" language="Spanish">Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005764">Gastroesophageal Reflux</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Acid Reflux (GER &amp; GERD) in Infants" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-infants">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: GERD in Infants" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=gerd&amp;term=infant&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastroesophageal reflux in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001134.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001134.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Reflux: Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infant-acid-reflux/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351412?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Reflux: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infant-acid-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20351408?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parent's Take Home Guide to GERD (Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease)" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/resources/GERD%20Parent%20Take%20Home%20Guide_11-13-13.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/GERD-Parents-Handout-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reflux in Infants" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gastroesophageal+Reflux%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+infant+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reflux and GERD in Infants" url="https://gikids.org/gerd/gerd-infants/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spitting up - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000754.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spitting Up in Babies" url="https://familydoctor.org/spitting-up-in-babies/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/regurgitacion-en-los-bebes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spitting up in Babies: What's Normal, What's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Are you nearsighted, farsighted, or have astigmatism? That's a refractive error, caused by an irregular-shaped cornea or lens. Learn how it's treated." title="Refractive Errors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html" id="946" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<also-called>Farsightedness</also-called>
<also-called>Hyperopia</also-called>
<also-called>Myopia</also-called>
<also-called>Nearsightedness</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The cornea and lens of your eye helps you focus.  Refractive errors are vision problems that happen when the shape of the eye keeps you from focusing well. The cause could be the length of the eyeball (longer or shorter), changes in the shape of the cornea, or aging of the lens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Four common refractive errors are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Myopia, or nearsightedness - clear vision close up but  blurry in the distance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hyperopia, or farsightedness - clear vision in the distance but blurry 
close up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presbyopia - inability to focus close up as a result of aging&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Astigmatism - focus problems caused by the cornea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common symptom is blurred vision. Other symptoms may include double vision, haziness, glare or halos around bright lights, squinting, headaches, or eye strain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Glasses or contact lenses can usually correct refractive errors. Laser eye surgery may also be a possibility.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html" id="2122" language="Spanish">Errores de refracción</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012030">Refractive Errors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html" id="201">Eye Wear</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lasereyesurgery.html" id="1404">Laser Eye Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165">Vision Impairment and Blindness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Artificial Lens</see-reference>
<see-reference>Astigmatism</see-reference>
<see-reference>Farsightedness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyperopia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intraocular Lens</see-reference>
<see-reference>Myopia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nearsightedness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Presbyopia</see-reference>
<site title="Abnormal Head Position" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/abnormal-head-position">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Optometric Association" url="https://www.aoa.org/?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anisometropia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/anisometropia">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Astigmatism" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/astigmatism" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/astigmatismo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Astigmatism" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/astigmatism/symptoms-causes/syc-20353835?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Astigmatism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001015.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Astigmatism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Astigmatism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperopia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperopia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lenses, Intraocular" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lenses,+Intraocular%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Myopia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Myopia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Presbyopia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Presbyopia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Refractive Errors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Refractive+Errors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cornea Transplant" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cornea-transplant/about/pac-20385285?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal Conditions" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/corneal-conditions">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corneal transplant" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003008.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal transplant - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000243.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corneal transplant - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100082_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100082_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deafness and myopia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/deafness-and-myopia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Exam and Vision Testing Basics" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Wear: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Farsightedness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001020.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farsightedness (Hyperopia) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/farsightedness.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farsightedness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/farsightedness">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor of Optometry" url="https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/find-a-doctor?sso=y">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Optometric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Get a Dilated Eye Exam" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/hagase-un-examen-de-los-ojos-con-dilatacion-de-las-pupilas">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Home vision tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laser Eye Surgery: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lasereyesurgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lasereyesurgery.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nearsightedness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001023.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nearsightedness (Myopia) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nearsightedness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nearsightedness.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nearsightedness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nearsightedness">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phakic Intraocular Lenses" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/implants-and-prosthetics/phakic-intraocular-lenses">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Photoscreening" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/photoscreening">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presbyopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001026.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001026.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presbyopia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/presbyopia/symptoms-causes/syc-20363328?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive (High) Myopia" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/progressive-high-myopia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nearsightedness (myopia)" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Refractive+Errors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Refraction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003844.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Refractive corneal surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000245.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Refractive corneal surgery - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000305.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Refractive Errors" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/refractive-errors" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/errores-de-refraccion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Refractive Errors in Children" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/refractive-errors-in-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinoscopy" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/retinoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Standard eye exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Increasing Myopia in Children" url="https://aapos.org/glossary/treatment-for-progressive-myopia">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Refractive Errors" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/refractive-errors/types-refractive-errors">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vision Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Visual acuity test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003396.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Risks and How Can I Find the Right Doctor for Me? (Refractive Surgery)" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/lasik/what-are-risks-and-how-can-i-find-right-doctor-me">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Refractive Surgery?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/what-is-refractive-surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/tratamientos/cirugia-refractiva">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Vision" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rehabilitación puede ayudar a una persona a recuperar su fuerza o habilidades después de una lesión, una enfermedad o una cirugía seria. " title="Rehabilitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html" id="2123" language="Spanish" date-created="10/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la rehabilitación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La rehabilitación es el cuidado que usted recibe para recuperar, mantener o mejorar las capacidades que necesita para la vida diaria. Estas capacidades pueden ser físicas, mentales y/o cognitivas (pensar y aprender). Puede que se pierdan por una enfermedad o lesión, o como un efecto secundario de un tratamiento médico. La rehabilitación puede mejorar su vida diaria y su funcionamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita de rehabilitación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La rehabilitación es para personas que han perdido capacidades que necesitan para la vida diaria. Algunas de las causas más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lesiones como trauma, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;quemaduras&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;lesión cerebral traumática&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;lesiones de la médula espinal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía mayor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Efectos secundarios de tratamientos médicos, como para el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos genéticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Trastornos del desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;Dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;espalda&lt;/a&gt; y cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las metas de la rehabilitación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El objetivo general de la rehabilitación es ayudarle a recuperar sus capacidades o su independencia. Pero las metas específicas son diferentes para cada persona. Ellas dependen de la causa del problema, si la causa continúa o fue temporal, que capacidades se perdieron y qué tan grave es el problema. Por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una persona que sufrió un derrame cerebral puede necesitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación&lt;/a&gt; para poder bañarse o vestirse sin ayuda&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una persona activa que tuvo un ataque cardiaco puede requerir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; para volver a hacer ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alguien con una enfermedad de pulmón puede tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; para respirar más fácilmente y mejorar su calidad de vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿En qué consiste un programa de rehabilitación?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un equipo de diversos proveedores de salud se encargará de ayudarle en su programa de rehabilitación. Trabajarán con usted para establecer necesidades, metas y un plan de tratamiento. Los tipos de tratamientos que se incluyen en este plan pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Aparatos de asistencia&lt;/a&gt;: Herramientas, equipos y dispositivos que ayudan a personas con discapacidades a moverse y funcionar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia de rehabilitación cognitiva para ayudarle a aprender nuevamente o mejorar habilidades como pensar, memorizar, planificar y tomar decisiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consejería de salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia musical o artística para ayudarle a expresar sus sentimientos, mejorar su pensamiento y desarrollar vínculos sociales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consejería nutricional&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia ocupacional para ayudarle con sus actividades diarias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia física para ayudarle con su fuerza, movilidad y condición física&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia recreacional para mejorar su bienestar a través de manualidades, juegos, técnicas de relajación y terapia asistida con animales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Terapia del habla y lenguaje para ayudarle a hablar, entender, leer, escribir y tragar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratamiento para el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rehabilitación vocacional para ayudarle con habilidades para ir a la escuela o a trabajar  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dependiendo de sus necesidades, puede tener rehabilitación en la oficina de los proveedores, en un hospital o en un centro de rehabilitación para pacientes internados. En algunos casos, un proveedor puede ir a su casa. Si recibe atención en su hogar, deberá contar con familiares o amigos que puedan ayudarlo con su rehabilitación.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html" id="522" language="English">Rehabilitation</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html" id="1861">Discapacidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137">Tecnología asistencial</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fisioterapia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Terapia ocupacional</see-reference>
<site title="Centros especializados de enfermería o rehabilitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fisiatría y rehabilitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007448.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la rehabilitación" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/fundamentos/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation/overview-of-rehabilitation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Momento de dejar el hospital: Su plan para el alta médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Más allá de los juegos: Usar la realidad virtual para mejorar la salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-juegos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selección de los centros especializados de enfermería y rehabilitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia física" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/phys-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/phys-therapy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rehabilitación cardiaca se utiliza para ayudar a personas con problemas al corazón, como falla cardiaca o ataque cardiaco, entre otros. " title="Rehabilitación cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618" language="Spanish" date-created="09/02/2010">
<also-called>Rehabilitación cardiovascular</also-called>
<also-called>Rehablilitación del corazón</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La rehabilitación cardíaca es un programa médico supervisado para ayudar a las personas que tienen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplastía&lt;/a&gt; o injerto de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html"&gt;derivación de la arteria coronaria&lt;/a&gt; debido a enfermedad coronaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una reparación o reemplazo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html"&gt;válvulas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de corazón&lt;/a&gt; o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;pulmón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html"&gt;Angina de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Falla cardíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El objetivo es ayudarlo a volver a llevar una vida activa y reducir el riesgo de tener otros problemas del corazón. Un equipo de especialistas creará un plan para usted que incluye entrenamiento físico, educación para una vida cardíaca sana y asesoramiento para reducir el estrés. Usted aprenderá cómo reducir sus factores de riesgo como presión alta, colesterol alto, depresión y diabetes. Otros factores de riesgo son tener sobrepeso u obesidad, fumar y no hacer ejercicio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617" language="English">Cardiac Rehabilitation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1942">Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tomar el pulso de la muñeca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientimages/000309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientimages/000309.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrocardiograma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003868.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003868.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse activo después de un ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000093.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000093.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial alta: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cardiac-rehabilitation/about/pac-20385192?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-rehabilitation/about/pac-20385192?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000791.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/rehabilitacion-pulmonar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/cardiac-rehabilitation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rehabilitación pulmonar se utiliza para ayudar a personas con problemas respiratorios crónicos como EPOC, sarcoidosis, fibrosis pulmonar o quística. " title="Rehabilitación pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5981" language="Spanish" date-created="03/27/2012">
<also-called>Rehabilitación de los pulmones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Qué es la rehabilitación pulmonar?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La rehabilitación pulmonar es un programa para personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt; crónicos. Puede ayudar a mejorar su capacidad de realizar tareas diarias y calidad de vida. La rehabilitación pulmonar no reemplaza su tratamiento médico, sino que se utiliza en forma conjunta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La rehabilitación pulmonar suele ser un programa ambulatorio que se realiza en un hospital o clínica. Algunas personas la reciben en sus hogares. Usted trabaja con un equipo de proveedores de atención médica para encontrar formas de disminuir sus síntomas, aumentar su capacidad de hacer ejercicio y facilitar sus actividades diarias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿Quién necesita de rehabilitación pulmonar?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que su proveedor de atención médica le recomiende la rehabilitación pulmonar si tiene una enfermedad pulmonar crónica u otra afección que le dificulte la respiración y limite sus actividades. Por ejemplo, puede ayudarle si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica): Los dos tipos principales son el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html"&gt;enfisema&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;bronquitis crónica&lt;/a&gt;. En la EPOC, sus vías respiratorias (los conductos que llevan el aire hacia y desde sus pulmones) están parcialmente bloqueadas. Esto dificulta la entrada y salida del aire&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar intersticial&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html"&gt;sarcoidosis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html"&gt;Fibrosis pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;: Con el tiempo, estas enfermedades causan cicatrización de los pulmones. Esto hace que sea difícil obtener suficiente oxígeno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;fibrosis quística&lt;/a&gt;: Una enfermedad hereditaria que causa una mucosidad espesa y pegajosa que se acumula en los pulmones y bloquea las vías respiratorias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Necesita una cirugía de pulmón: Es posible que tenga rehabilitación pulmonar antes y después de una cirugía de pulmón, con el fin de ayudarle a prepararse y recuperarse de la cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene un trastorno de desgaste muscular que afecta los músculos que se usan para respirar: Un ejemplo es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;distrofia muscular&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La rehabilitación pulmonar funciona mejor si la inicia antes de que su enfermedad sea grave. Sin embargo, incluso las personas que tienen enfermedad pulmonar avanzada pueden beneficiarse de esta rehabilitación.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¿En qué consiste la rehabilitación pulmonar?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En su primera cita de rehabilitación pulmonar, su equipo de proveedores de atención médica le preguntará sobre su salud. Le harán pruebas de función pulmonar, ejercicio y posiblemente análisis de sangre. Su equipo revisará su historia clínica y tratamientos actuales. Puede consultarle sobre su salud mental y su dieta. Luego trabajarán juntos para crear un plan adecuado para usted. Este puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entrenamiento de ejercicios&lt;/strong&gt;: Su equipo creará un plan de ejercicios para mejorar su resistencia y fuerza muscular. Es probable que ejercite sus brazos y sus piernas. Puede usar una cinta para correr, una bicicleta estacionaria o pesas. Es posible que deba comenzar lentamente y aumentar la intensidad a medida que se fortalece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consejería nutricional&lt;/strong&gt;: Tener sobrepeso o bajo peso puede afectar su respiración. Un plan de alimentación nutritivo puede ayudarlo a lograr un peso saludable&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Educación sobre su enfermedad y cómo controlarla&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye aprender cómo evitar las situaciones que empeoran sus síntomas, cómo evitar las infecciones y cómo y cuándo tomar sus medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Técnicas para evitar cansarse&lt;/strong&gt;: Su equipo puede enseñarle formas más fáciles de hacer las tareas diarias. Por ejemplo, puede aprender maneras de evitar estirarse, levantarse o doblarse. Esos movimientos dificultan la respiración, ya que consumen energía y hacen que los músculos abdominales se tensen. También puede aprender cómo lidiar mejor con el estrés, ya que el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; también puede consumir energía y afectar su respiración&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Técnicas de respiración&lt;/strong&gt;: Aprenderá formas para mejorar su respiración. Estas técnicas pueden aumentar sus niveles de oxígeno, disminuir la frecuencia con la que respira y mantener las vías respiratorias abiertas por más tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consejería psicológica y/o apoyo grupal&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ser aterrador tener problemas para respirar. Si tiene una enfermedad pulmonar crónica, es más probable que tenga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; u otros problemas emocionales. Muchos programas de rehabilitación pulmonar incluyen consejería y/o grupos de apoyo. Si no, su equipo de rehabilitación pulmonar puede remitirlo a una organización que los ofrece&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980" language="English">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125">Enfermedades de los pulmones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pulmones, Rehabilitación</see-reference>
<site title="Alta de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000009.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje postural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas acerca de rehabilitación pulmonar" url="https://www.thoracic.org/members/assemblies/assemblies/pr/patient-information/pr-patients-spanish.php" language-mapped-url="http://www.thoracic.org/clinical/pulmonary-rehabilitation/patient-information/pulmonary-rehabilitation.php">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y aparato respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lungs.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/rehabilitacion-pulmonar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/healthinfo/conditions/copd-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/treatment/pulmonary-rehabilitation?modal=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación pulmonar" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%c3%b3n-y-las-v%c3%adas-respiratorias/rehabilitaci%c3%b3n-en-las-enfermedades-pulmonares-y-de-las-v%c3%adas-respiratorias/rehabilitaci%c3%b3n-pulmonar">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con oxígeno: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rehabilitation is the process that assists a person in recovering from a serious injury, illness or surgery to regain strength, or relearn skills. " title="Rehabilitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html" id="522" language="English" date-created="02/29/2000">
<also-called>Rehab</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is rehabilitation?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rehabilitation is care that can help you get back, keep, or improve abilities that you need for daily life. These abilities may be physical, mental, and/or cognitive (thinking and learning). You may have lost them because of a disease or injury, or as a side effect from a medical treatment. Rehabilitation can improve your daily life and functioning.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who needs rehabilitation?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rehabilitation is for people who have lost abilities that they need for daily life. Some of the most common causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries and trauma, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;burns&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatic brain injury&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Major surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Side effects from medical treatments, such as from cancer treatments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Developmental disabilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;Chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back&lt;/a&gt; and neck pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the goals of rehabilitation?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The overall goal of rehabilitation is to help you get your abilities back and regain independence. But the specific goals are different for each person. They depend on what caused the problem, whether the cause is ongoing or temporary, which abilities you lost, and how severe the problem is. For example,:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A person who has had a stroke may need rehabilitation to be able to dress or bathe without help&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;An active person who has had a heart attack may go through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html"&gt;cardiac rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt; to try to return to exercising&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Someone with a lung disease may get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt; to be able to breathe better and improve their quality of life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens in a rehabilitation program?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When you get rehabilitation, you often have a team of different health care providers helping you. They will work with you to figure out your needs, goals, and treatment plan. The types of treatments that may be in a treatment plan include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Assistive devices&lt;/a&gt;, which are tools, equipment, and products that help people with disabilities move and function&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cognitive rehabilitation therapy to help you relearn or improve skills such as thinking, learning, memory, planning, and decision making&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mental health counseling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Music or art therapy to help you express your feelings, improve your thinking, and develop social connections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nutritional counseling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Occupational therapy to help you with your daily activities&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Physical therapy to help your strength, mobility, and fitness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recreational therapy to improve your emotional well-being through arts and crafts, games, relaxation training, and animal-assisted therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speech-language therapy to help with speaking, understanding, reading, writing and swallowing&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Treatment for pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vocational rehabilitation to help you build skills for going to school or working at a job&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Depending on your needs, you may have rehabilitation in the providers' offices, a hospital, or an inpatient rehabilitation center. In some cases, a provider may come to your home. If you get care in your home, you will need to have family members or friends who can come and help with your rehabilitation.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html" id="2123" language="Spanish">Rehabilitación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012046">Rehabilitation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rehabilitation.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136">Assistive Devices</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5617">Cardiac Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html" id="527">Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5914">Stroke Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Occupational Therapy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Physical Therapy</see-reference>
<site title="Choosing a skilled nursing and rehabilitation facility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000436.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Occupational Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Occupational+Therapy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Physical Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22physical+therapy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise at Home" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/exercise-and-weight/exercise-at-home">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Massage Therapist" url="https://www.amtamassage.org/find-massage-therapist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Massage Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Therapist Near You" url="https://www.choosept.com/find-a-pt">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Physical Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation" url="https://www.aapmr.org/about-physiatry/about-physical-medicine-rehabilitation/faqs-about-physiatry">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leaving the hospital - your discharge plan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000867.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Rehabilitation" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation/overview-of-rehabilitation" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/fundamentos/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007448.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/phys-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/phys-therapy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Occupational therapy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rehabilitation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skilled nursing or rehabilitation facilities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000435.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Occupational Therapy?" url="https://www.aota.org/about/what-is-ot">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Occupational Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Reproductive hazards can affect your reproductive health, fertility, and ability to have healthy children. Learn about the types and prevention." title="Reproductive Hazards" url="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html" id="39" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are reproductive hazards?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Reproductive hazards are substances that affect the reproductive health of men or women. They also include substances that affect the ability of couples to have healthy children. These substances may be chemical, physical, or biological. Some common types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;Alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;   
&lt;li&gt;Chemicals such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;Legal&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;illegal&lt;/a&gt; drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Metals such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;lead&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html"&gt;mercury&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html"&gt;Radiation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may be exposed to reproductive hazards through contact with your skin, breathing them in, or swallowing them. This can happen anywhere, but it is more common in the workplace or at home.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health effects of reproductive hazards?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The possible health effects of reproductive hazards include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html"&gt;miscarriage&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;developmental disabilities&lt;/a&gt; in children. What type of health effects they cause and how serious they are depends on many factors, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What the substance is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How much of it you are exposed to&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How it enters your body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How long or how often you are exposed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How you react to the substance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can reproductive hazards affect men?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For a man, a reproductive hazard can affect the sperm. A hazard may cause a problem with the number of sperm, their shape, or the way that they swim. It could also damage the sperm's DNA. Then the sperm may not be able to fertilize an egg. Or it could cause problems with the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;development of the fetus&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can reproductive hazards affect women?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For a woman, a reproductive hazard can disrupt the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html"&gt;menstrual cycle&lt;/a&gt;. It can cause hormone imbalance, which can raise the risk of diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, and certain cancers. It can affect a woman's &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;ability to get pregnant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A woman who is exposed during pregnancy can have different effects, depending on when she was exposed. During the first 3 months of pregnancy, it might cause a birth defect or a miscarriage. During the last 6 months of pregnancy, it could slow the growth of the fetus, affect the development of its brain, or cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;preterm labor&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can reproductive hazards be avoided?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To try to avoid reproductive hazards:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid alcohol and illegal drugs &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you smoke, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;try to quit&lt;/a&gt;. And if you are not a smoker, don't start.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take precautions if you are using &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html"&gt;household chemicals&lt;/a&gt; or pesticides.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good hygiene&lt;/a&gt;, including handwashing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If there are hazards &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html"&gt;at your job&lt;/a&gt;, make sure to follow safe work practices and procedures.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html" id="2124" language="Spanish">Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018811">Maternal Exposure</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018812">Paternal Exposure</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3154">Infections and Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html" id="250">Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5578">Pregnancy and Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="1385">Pregnancy and Substance Use</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6">Prenatal Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pregnancy Hazards</see-reference>
<site title="Avoiding Lead Exposure during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lead.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Male Reproductive Hazards" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=exposure+AND+(sperm+OR+testicle)&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Maternal Exposure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Maternal+Exposure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Paternal Exposure" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Paternal+Exposure%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy Hazards" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Prenatal+Exposure+OR+Exposure+During+Pregnancy+OR+Teratogenesis&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Smoking Affects Reproductive Health" url="https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-effects-tobacco-use/how-smoking-affects-reproductive-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mercury and Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/mercury-and-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-mercurio.aspx">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Paternal Exposures and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/exposiciones-paternas/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female reproductive health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Maternal+Exposure%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Paternal+Exposure%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="The Effects of Workplace Hazards on Female Reproductive Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-104/default.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/99-104_sp/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Effects of Workplace Hazards on Male Reproductive Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/96-132/default.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/96-132_sp/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Household Chemicals during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Will Toxins in the Environment Affect My Ability to Have Children?" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/will-toxins-in-the-environment-affect-my-ability-to-have-children/" language-mapped-url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/_rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-pdf/las_toxinas_en_el_ambiente_afectaran_mi_capacidad_de_tener_hijos-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Rays, Pregnancy and You" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/x-rays-pregnancy-and-you">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El resfrío puede causar estornudos, nariz tapada o tos, entre otros síntomas. A veces se confunde con la gripe. Síntomas, cuidados, prevención.  " title="Resfrío" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Resfriado</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el resfrío común?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El resfrío común es una infección leve de las vías respiratorias altas (que incluye la nariz y la garganta). Los resfriados son probablemente la enfermedad más común. Los adultos tienen un promedio de 2 a 3 resfríos por año y los niños aún más. Los resfriados son más comunes en invierno y primavera, pero pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento.&lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el resfrío común?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Más de 200 virus diferentes pueden causar un resfriado, pero los rinovirus son el tipo más común. Los virus que causan los resfríos son muy contagiosos. Se pueden diseminar entre personas a través del aire y el contacto cercano. También puede infectarse cuando toca algo con el virus y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz. Por ejemplo, podría resfriarse después de darle la mano a alguien resfriado o tocar la perilla de una puerta que tiene los gérmenes y luego tocarse la cara.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del resfrío común?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los síntomas de un resfrío común incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estornudos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nariz tapada (congestión)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción nasal (mocos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los síntomas comienzan unos días después de infectarse con el virus. Algunos síntomas pueden durar de 10 a 14 días.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el resfrío común?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura para el resfrío común. Pero existen tratamientos que pueden hacerle sentir mejor mientras espera a que desaparezca por sí solo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Descansar bastante&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beber mucho líquido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar un humidificador limpio o un vaporizador de vapor frío&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer gárgaras con agua tibia con sal&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Usar gotas o aerosoles nasales salinos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar medicamentos de venta libre para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;tos y el resfrío&lt;/a&gt;. Pero debe tener cuidado con ciertos medicamentos:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Los niños y adolescentes no deben tomar aspirina&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen ingredientes no recomendados para los niños. Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo antes de darle cualquier medicamento para el resfrío y la tos&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen analgésicos. Si además toma un analgésico por separado con estos medicamentos, podría estar recibiendo una cantidad peligrosa de analgésicos. Lea las etiquetas de los medicamentos y siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Si tiene preguntas, consulte a su profesional de la salud o a un farmacéutico&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; no ayudan con un resfrío. Estos son útiles con las infecciones bacterianas, no con las infecciones virales como los resfriados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que tienen un resfrío se sienten mejor después de una semana o dos. Sin embargo, algunas personas que se resfrían pueden desarrollar otras enfermedades, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;bronquitis&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;. Esto es más común en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; u otras afecciones respiratorias. Hable con su profesional de la salud si usted o su hijo tienen síntomas que le preocupan, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para respirar o respiración rápida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;Deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt; que dura más de 4 días&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas que duran más de 10 días sin mejoría&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas, como fiebre o tos, que mejoran pero luego regresan o empeoran&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Empeoramiento de afecciones médicas crónicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el resfrío común?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una vacuna para proteger contra el resfrío común. Pero es posible que pueda reducir el riesgo de contraer o propagar un resfriado al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia con agua y jabón por al menos 20 segundos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar tocarse la cara, la nariz o la boca con las manos sin lavar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto cercano, como besar, dar la mano y compartir tazas y utensilios para comer, con otras personas si usted está enfermo o ellos están enfermos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limpiar y desinfectar las superficies que toca con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo desechable. Luego tire el pañuelo y lávese las manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196" language="English">Common Cold</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html" id="1980">Gripe</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4962">Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html" id="2147">Sinusitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Resfriado</see-reference>
<site title="Adenovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo dar medicina para la tos y el resfriado a los niños" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/cuando-dar-medicina-para-la-tos-y-el-resfriado-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar el resfriado común en casa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000466.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Descongestivos: Medicamentos de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estornudo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003060.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y los resfriados: En detalles" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/la-gripe-y-los-resfriados-en-detalles" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colds-flu-and-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por rinovirus" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/rhinovirus-infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Rhinovirus-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limite los ataques de asma provocados por resfríos o gripe" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/in-depth/asthma/art-20043943?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma-attack/in-depth/asthma/ART-20043943?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maravillas de la mucosidad y la flema" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Moqueo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/sym-20050640?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/runny-nose/basics/definition/SYM-20050640?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plántale cara al resfriado" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/colds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/colds.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Por qué contrae un resfrío cuando hace calor" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/por-que-contrae-un-resfrio-cuando-hace-calor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resfriado común" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000678.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfriados y gripe en adultos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000249.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfriados y gripe en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000250.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfriados y la gripe" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/resfriados-y-la-gripe/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cold-and-flu/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfrío común en bebés" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfríos, alergias y sinusitis: Cómo diferenciarlas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003051.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina C y los resfriados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es gripe, COVID-19, alergias o un resfriado?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-gripe-covid-19-alergias-o-un-resfriado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/01/it-flu-covid-19-allergies-or-cold">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es un resfriado o una alergia?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000678_114.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000678_35.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es un resfriado, una gripe o COVID-19?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flu-vs-cold.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vs-cold.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es una alergia o un resfriado? Cómo saber la diferencia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/is-it-allergies-or-a-cold-how-to-tell-the-difference.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué gotea mi nariz?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose-run.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose-run.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las residencias de asistencia personalizada ayudan a los adultos mayores con el cuidado que necesitan por el envejecimiento. Entérese aquí." title="Residencias con atención personalizada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html" id="2265" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<also-called>Cuidado de personas en instituciones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las residencias con atención personalizada (también llamados centros de vida asistida) entregan vivienda y servicios a personas que necesitan ayuda con su cuidado diario. Puede que requieran asistencia para vestirse, bañarse, tomar sus medicamentos y limpiarse, pero no la atención médica que proporciona un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html"&gt;hogar de adultos mayores&lt;/a&gt;. La vida asistida permite a los residentes vivir de manera más independiente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, los centros de vida asistida tienen otros nombres, como establecimientos residenciales o instituciones de atención residencial. Pueden tener distintos tamaños, ya sea para apenas 25 residentes o para 120 residentes o más. En general, los residentes viven en sus propios apartamentos o habitaciones y comparten áreas comunes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es común que estas instalaciones ofrezcan niveles diferentes de atención. Los residentes pagan más por una mayor atención. Los tipos de servicios que ofrecen pueden ser diferentes de estado a estado. Los servicios pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hasta tres comidas al día&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asistencia con el cuidado personal, como bañarse, vestirse, comer, levantarse de la cama o sillas, moverse y usar el baño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ayuda con medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Labores domésticas &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lavandería&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vigilancia, seguridad y personal en el lugar las 24 horas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Actividades sociales y recreativas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Transporte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Los residentes suelen ser adultos mayores, incluidos aquellos con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt; u otros tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html"&gt;demencia&lt;/a&gt;. Pero en algunos casos, pueden ser más jóvenes y tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades mentales&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;trastornos del desarrollo&lt;/a&gt; o ciertas afecciones médicas.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedliving.html" id="1646" language="English">Assisted Living</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html" id="2057">Residencias para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html" id="2260">Servicios de atención médica a domicilio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ayuda cotidiana para ancianos y discapacitados</see-reference>
<site title="Cuidado a largo plazo ¿Está cubierto por Medicare?" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/long-term-care">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Establecimientos residenciales, centros de vida asistida y asilos de ancianos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/asilo-ancianos/establecimientos-residenciales-centros-vida-asistida-asilos-ancianos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/assisted-living-and-nursing-homes/long-term-care-facilities-assisted-living-nursing-homes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hogares de ancianos, instituciones de vida asistida y otros centros de cuidado a largo plazo" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/community-resources/long-term-care.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de alojamiento para personas de la tercera edad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/opciones-de-alojamiento-para-personas-de-la-tercera-edad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/housing-options-for-seniors/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un asilo para ancianos y convalecientes es para personas que no necesitan estar en un hospital, pero que requieren cuidados especiales. ¿Cómo elegir uno?" title="Residencias para personas mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html" id="2057" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Asilo de ancianos y convalecientes</also-called>
<also-called>Geriátricos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una residencia para personas mayores  (también llamadas establecimientos de cuidados especializados de enfermería o centro de cuidados prolongados) y convalecientes es un lugar para personas que no necesitan permanecer en un hospital, pero que necesitan cuidados especiales. La mayoría de estos centros cuentan con personal de enfermería capacitada disponible las 24 horas del día. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas residencias están equipadas como un hospital. El personal presta cuidados médicos, así como fisioterapia y terapia del habla y ocupacional. Puede haber un puesto de enfermería en cada piso. Otros centros procuran aparentar ser más un hogar. Tratan de brindar una sensación de vecindario. Con frecuencia, no tienen un cronograma diario fijo y pueden contar con cocinas abiertas para los residentes. Se les fomenta a los miembros del personal a establecer relaciones con los ocupantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas residencias para personas mayores cuentan con unidades de cuidados especiales para personas con problemas serios de memoria, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;. Otros permiten la convivencia en pareja. Los centros no son sólo para adultos mayores, sino para cualquier persona que necesite de cuidados las 24 horas del día.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html" id="1354" language="English">Nursing Homes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Atención médica prolongada</see-reference>
<see-reference>Geriátricos</see-reference>
<site title="Buscar un asilo de ancianos" url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centros de salud: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfacilities.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado a largo plazo ¿Está cubierto por Medicare?" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/long-term-care">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un hogar para ancianos y convalecientes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000956.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Establecimientos residenciales, centros de vida asistida y asilos de ancianos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/asilo-ancianos/establecimientos-residenciales-centros-vida-asistida-asilos-ancianos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/assisted-living-and-nursing-homes/long-term-care-facilities-assisted-living-nursing-homes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hogares de ancianos, instituciones de vida asistida y otros centros de cuidado a largo plazo" url="https://www.cidrr8.research.va.gov/rescue-espanol/community-resources/long-term-care.cfm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de alojamiento para personas de la tercera edad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/opciones-de-alojamiento-para-personas-de-la-tercera-edad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/housing-options-for-seniors/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Residencias con atención personalizada: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los antibióticos pueden salvar vidas, pero si no se utilizan adecuadamente pueden perder eficacia. Para combatir la resistencia a los antibióticos, utilícelos sólo cuando sea necesario." title="Resistencia a los antibióticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html" id="6253" language="Spanish" date-created="05/20/2015">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; son medicamentos que tratan las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infecciones bacterianas&lt;/a&gt; en los seres humanos y los animales. Actúan matando las bacterias o dificultando su crecimiento y multiplicación. Cuando se usan correctamente, los antibióticos pueden salvar vidas. Sin embargo, la resistencia a los antibióticos es un problema creciente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la resistencia a los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La resistencia a los antibióticos ocurre cuando las bacterias cambian y son capaces de resistir los efectos de un antibiótico. Estas bacterias no mueren y continúan creciendo. Las infecciones que estas bacterias causan se conocen como infecciones resistentes, las que pueden ser difíciles y, a veces, imposibles de tratar. En algunos casos, incluso pueden ser mortales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos diferentes de infecciones resistentes, incluyendo el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html"&gt;SAMR&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt; (TB) resistente a los medicamentos. Si contrae una infección resistente, es posible que necesite:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una hospitalización prolongada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una larga recuperación&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Visitas de seguimiento con profesionales de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratamientos caros y con posibles &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios&lt;/a&gt; graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La resistencia a los antibióticos es un tipo de resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Existen otros tipos. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"&gt;hongos&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parásitos&lt;/a&gt; también pueden volverse resistentes a los medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La resistencia a los antibióticos no significa que su cuerpo sea resistente a ellos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se vuelven resistentes las bacterias a los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La resistencia a los antibióticos es un proceso natural que ocurre con el tiempo. Para sobrevivir, las bacterias pueden desarrollar estrategias de defensa contra los antibióticos a través de cambios genéticos. Las bacterias resistentes sobreviven, crecen y se propagan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada vez que usted toma antibióticos, existe el riesgo de que las bacterias se vuelvan resistentes. Por eso es importante tomar antibióticos solo cuando realmente los necesita. Estos medicamentos no funcionan en infecciones virales como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfriados&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt;. Y no necesita antibióticos para todas las infecciones bacterianas. Por ejemplo, es posible que sean necesarios para algunas infecciones de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html"&gt;senos paranasales&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;oído&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una infección resistente a los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar una infección resistente a los antibióticos, pero algunas pueden tener un riesgo mayor, incluidas aquellas que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario debilitado&lt;/a&gt; por enfermedades como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; o por tomar medicamentos que afectan sus defensas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Están recibiendo atención médica, como cirugía y hospitalizaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toman antibióticos durante mucho tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son bebés, especialmente si nacieron &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;prematuramente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son adultos mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se puede prevenir la resistencia a los antibióticos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Siempre habrá cierta resistencia a los antibióticos, ya que se produce de forma natural. Pero estas medidas pueden ayudar a combatir la resistencia a los antibióticos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No use antibióticos para los virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No presione a su profesional de la salud para que le recete un antibiótico si cree que no lo necesita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuando tome antibióticos, siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No comparta sus antibióticos con otras personas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No guarde los antibióticos para más tarde ni use la receta de otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayude a prevenir la propagación de infecciones bacterianas con buenos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;hábitos de higiene&lt;/a&gt;. Estos incluyen lavarse las manos con frecuencia y cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser o estornudar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades    &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html" id="6252" language="English">Antibiotic Resistance</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html" id="1750">Antibióticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767">Infecciones bacterianas</related-topic>
<site title="Antibioticos versus Bacterias: Combatiendo la Resistencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/antibioticos-versus-bacterias-combatiendo-la-resistencia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/antibiotics-vs-bacteria-fighting-the-resistance/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antibióticos: Cuando pueden y no pueden ayudar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/resistencia-a-los-antibioticos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/antibiotic-resistance/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibióticos: ¿Los estás usando de manera incorrecta?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/antibiotics/art-20045720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/antibiotics/art-20045720?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminar las superbacterias" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/eliminar-las-superbacterias" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/stamping-out-superbugs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enterococos resistentes a la vancomicina en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000476.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000476.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que necesitas saber acerca de la resistencia a los antibióticos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/digital-social-media-tools/cdctv/antibiotic-resistance-esp/resistencia-a-los-antibioticos.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peligro del abusar de los antibióticos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/antibiotic-overuse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescripción y uso de antibióticos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/es/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sensibilidad a los antibióticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sensibilidad-a-los-antibioticos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibiotic-sensitivity-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resistencia a los antimicrobianos" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Respiratory failure happens when not enough oxygen passes from your lungs to your blood. Lung diseases can cause respiratory failure. Read more." title="Respiratory Failure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html" id="6016" language="English" date-created="06/04/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is respiratory failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Respiratory failure is a condition in which your blood doesn't have enough oxygen or has too much carbon dioxide. Sometimes you can have both problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen. The oxygen passes into your blood, which carries it to your organs. Your organs, such as your heart and brain, need this oxygen-rich blood to work well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another part of breathing is removing the carbon dioxide from the blood and breathing it out. Having too much carbon dioxide in your blood can harm your organs.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes respiratory failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conditions that affect your breathing can cause respiratory failure. These conditions may affect the muscles, nerves, bones, or tissues that support breathing. Or they may affect the lungs directly. These conditions include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diseases that affect &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;the lungs&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt; (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;cystic fibrosis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;pulmonary embolism&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Conditions that affect the nerves and muscles that control breathing, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;amyotrophic lateral sclerosis&lt;/a&gt; (ALS), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html"&gt;muscular dystrophy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord injuries&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Problems with the spine, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html"&gt;scoliosis&lt;/a&gt; (a curve in the spine). They can affect the bones and muscles used for breathing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Damage to the tissues and ribs around the lungs. An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;injury to the chest&lt;/a&gt; can cause this damage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drug or alcohol overdose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html"&gt;Inhalation injuries&lt;/a&gt;, such as from inhaling smoke (from fires) or harmful fumes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of respiratory failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of respiratory failure depend on the cause and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A low oxygen level in the blood can cause shortness of breath and air hunger (the feeling that you can't breathe in enough air). Your skin, lips, and fingernails may also have a bluish color. A high carbon dioxide level can cause rapid breathing and confusion.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people who have respiratory failure may become very sleepy or lose consciousness. They also may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt; (irregular heartbeat). You may have these symptoms if your brain and heart are not getting enough oxygen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is respiratory failure diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider will diagnose respiratory failure based on:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, which often includes&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Listening to your lungs to check for abnormal sounds&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Listening to your heart to check for arrhythmia&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Looking for a bluish color on your skin, lips, and fingernails&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diagnostic tests, such as&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pulse oximetry, a small sensor that uses a light to measure how much oxygen is in your blood. The sensor goes on the end of your finger or on your ear.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Arterial blood gas test, a test that measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood. The blood sample is taken from an artery, usually in your wrist.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once you are diagnosed with respiratory failure, your provider will look for what is causing it. Tests for this often include a chest x-ray. If your provider thinks you may have arrhythmia because of the respiratory failure, you may have an EKG (electrocardiogram). This is simple, painless test that detects and records your heart's electrical activity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for respiratory failure?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for respiratory failure depends on:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether it is acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How severe it is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What is causing it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Acute respiratory failure can be a medical emergency. You may need treatment in intensive care unit at a hospital. Chronic respiratory failure can often be treated at home. But if your chronic respiratory failure is severe, you might need treatment in a long-term care center.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One of the main goals of treatment is to get oxygen to your lungs and other organs and remove carbon dioxide from your body. Another goal is to treat the cause of the condition. Treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; through a nasal cannula (two small plastic tubes that go in your nostrils) or through a mask that fits over your nose and mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tracheostomy,&lt;/strong&gt; a surgically-made hole that goes through the front of your neck and into your windpipe. A breathing tube, also called a tracheostomy, or trach tube, is placed in the hole to help you breathe.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ventilator,&lt;/strong&gt; a breathing machine that blows air into your lungs. It also carries carbon dioxide out of your lungs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other breathing treatments,&lt;/strong&gt; such as noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), which uses mild air pressure to keep your airways open while you sleep. Another treatment is a special bed that rocks back and forth, to help you breathe in and out.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fluids,&lt;/strong&gt; often through an intravenous (IV), to improve blood flow throughout your body. They also provide nutrition.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; for discomfort&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Treatments for the cause of the respiratory failure.&lt;/strong&gt; These treatments may include medicines and procedures.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have respiratory failure, see your health care provider for ongoing medical care. Your provider may suggest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your respiratory failure is chronic, make sure that you know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You need emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. You should call your provider if you notice that your symptoms are worsening or if you have new signs and symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Living with respiratory failure may cause fear, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;. Talk therapy, medicines, and support groups can help you feel better.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html" id="6017" language="Spanish">Insuficiencia respiratoria</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012131">Respiratory Insufficiency</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html" id="484">Lung Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>ARDS</see-reference>
<see-reference>Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Acute respiratory distress syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000103.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/ards">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Respiratory Distress Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Respiratory+Distress+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Respiratory Insufficiency" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Respiratory+Insufficiency%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting an Accurate Read on Pulse Oximeters" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-myopathy-with-early-respiratory-failure">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How the Lungs Work" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mechanical Ventilation" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/mechanical-ventilation.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/mechanical-ventilation.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oxygen Therapy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Failure" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Respiratory+Insufficiency%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Pulmonary Rehabilitation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000092.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Ventilator?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ards">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Respiratory Failure?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/respiratory-failure" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/insuficiencia-respiratoria">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes cold-like symptoms in adults and healthy children, but can cause serious problems in babies. Read more. " title="Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3101" language="English" date-created="01/21/2003">
<also-called>RSV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus. It usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. But it can cause serious lung infections, especially in infants, older adults, and people with serious medical problems.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RSV spreads from person to person through:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The air by coughing and sneezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Direct contact, such as kissing the face of a child who has RSV&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People who have an RSV infection are usually contagious for 3 to 8 days. But sometimes infants and people with weakened immune systems can continue to spread the virus for as long as 4 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RSV can affect people of all ages. But it is very common in small children; nearly all children become infected with RSV by age 2. In the United States, RSV infections usually occur during RSV season, which is usually fall through spring.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain people are at higher risk of having a severe RSV infection:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infants&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older adults, especially those ages 65 and older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with chronic medical conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung&lt;/a&gt; disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with weakened immune systems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of RSV infection usually start about 4 to 6 days after infection. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runny nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decrease in appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sneezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These symptoms usually appear in stages instead of all at once. In very young infants, the only symptoms may be irritability, decreased activity, and trouble breathing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RSV can also cause more severe infections, especially in people at high risk. These infections include bronchiolitis, an inflammation of the small airways in the lung, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;, an infection of the lungs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, including asking about symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-tests/"&gt;lab test&lt;/a&gt; of nasal fluid or another respiratory specimen to check for RSV. This is usually done for people with severe infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tests to check for complications in people with severe infection. The tests may include a chest x-ray and blood and urine tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no specific treatment for RSV infection. Most infections go away on their own in a week or two. Over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; can help with the fever and pain. However, do not give aspirin to children. And do not give &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;cough medicine&lt;/a&gt; to children under four. It is also important to get enough fluids to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydration&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people with severe infection may need to be hospitalized. There, they might get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxygen&lt;/a&gt;, a breathing tube, or a ventilator.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are some vaccines to protect against RVS illness. Two of them are for people ages 60 and older. If you are in this age group, talk to your provider about whether an RSV vaccine would be right for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also a vaccine is for pregnant people. It is given between 32 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. It helps protect their newborn babies from RSV illness for the first 6 months of life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are two medicines to help prevent severe RSV illness in babies and young children. These medicines may help prevent severe RSV illness, but they can't cure or treat children who already have RSV. And they cannot prevent an RSV infection. Both medicines are given by injections (shots).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One medicine is given to infants who are younger than 8 months during their first RSV season. This includes infants who are born during RSV season. This medicine may also be given to some children between the ages of 8 and 19 months who are at high risk for severe RSV illness. For example, they might be at high risk because they:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Were &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;born prematurely&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;congenital heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have chronic lung disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a weakened immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The other medicine is given monthly during RSV season. It is for children under 24 months of age who are at high risk for severe RSV illness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also some steps you can take to lower your risk of getting or spreading an RSV infection, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Washing your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding touching your face, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, shaking hands, and sharing cups and eating utensils, with others if you are sick or they are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue. Then throw away the tissue and wash your hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying home when sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

  
 &lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3102" language="Spanish">Virus respiratorio sincitial</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018357">Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronchiolitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>RSV Infections</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bronchiolitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquiolitis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchiolitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchiolitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bronchiolitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bronchiolitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Respiratory+Syncytial+Virus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How RSV Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/causes/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/causes/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/rsv/learn-about-rsv">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Swab" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nasopharyngeal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003747.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Respiratory+Syncytial+Virus+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Syncytial Virus" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rsv.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rsv.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001564.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-sincicial-respiratorio-vsr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Viruses and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) vaccine - what you need to know" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007797.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007797.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/rsv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_rsv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RSV antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003348.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="RSV in Infants and Young Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/infants-young-children/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/infants-young-children/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="RSV in Older Adults and Adults with Chronic Medical Conditions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/older-adults/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/older-adults/">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="RSV Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="RSV: When It's More Than Just a Cold" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/RSV-When-Its-More-Than-Just-a-Cold.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/rsv-when-its-more-than-just-a-cold.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surveillance of RSV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of RSV" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines for Adults Ages 60 and Over" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/older-adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/older-adults.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="That creeping, crawling, tingling, or burning feeling in your legs when lying down or sitting may be restless leg syndrome (RLS). Learn what can help." title="Restless Legs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/restlesslegs.html" id="384" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<also-called>RLS</also-called>
<also-called>Willis-Ekbom Disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Restless legs syndrome (RLS) causes a powerful urge to move your legs. Your legs become uncomfortable when you are lying down or sitting. Some people describe it as a creeping, crawling, tingling, or burning sensation. Moving makes your legs feel better, but not for long. RLS can make it hard to fall asleep and stay asleep.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In most cases, there is no known cause for RLS. In other cases, RLS is caused by a disease or condition, such as anemia or pregnancy. Some medicines can also cause temporary RLS. Caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol may make symptoms worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lifestyle changes, such as regular sleep habits, relaxation techniques, and moderate exercise during the day can help.  If those don't work, medicines may reduce the symptoms of RLS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people with RLS also have a condition called periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). PLMD is a condition in which a person's legs twitch or jerk uncontrollably, usually during sleep. PLMD and RLS can also affect the arms. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/restlesslegs.html" id="2126" language="Spanish">Síndrome de las piernas inquietas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012148">Restless Legs Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/restlesslegs.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="509">Leg Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html" id="408">Sleep Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>RLS</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Restless Legs Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Restless+Legs+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disruptive Leg Movement? Managing Restless Legs Syndrome" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/07/disruptive-leg-movement" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/movimiento-perturbador-de-las-piernas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Sleep Center" url="https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-center/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/sleep-disorders/periodic-limb-movement-disorder-plmd-and-restless-legs-syndrome-rls" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-sue%C3%B1o/trastorno-de-movimiento-peri%C3%B3dico-de-las-extremidades-y-s%C3%ADndrome-de-piernas-inquietas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restless Legs" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Restless+Legs+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Restless Leg Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/restless-legs-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-las-piernas-inquietas-rls-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restless Legs Syndrome" url="https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/restless-legs-syndrome/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restless legs syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000807.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restless Legs Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/restless-legs-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Restless Legs Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377168?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Restless legs syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/restless-legs-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Study" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Study (Polysomnogram)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-study.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep-study.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The retina is in the back of your eye. It senses light and sends images to your brain. A detachment (pulling away) is an emergency. Know the symptoms." title="Retinal Detachment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html" id="6141" language="English" date-created="06/26/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain. It provides the sharp, central vision needed for reading, driving, and seeing fine detail. A retinal detachment lifts or pulls the retina from its normal position.  It can occur at any age, but it is more common in people over age 40. It affects men more than women and whites more than African Americans. A retinal detachment is also more likely to occur in people who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are extremely nearsighted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a retinal detachment in the other eye&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of retinal detachment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had cataract surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have other eye diseases or disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had an eye injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include an increase in the number of floaters, which are little "cobwebs" or specks that float about in your field of vision, and/or light flashes in the eye. It may also seem like there is a "curtain" over your field of vision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A retinal detachment is a medical emergency.  If not promptly treated, it can cause permanent vision loss. If you have any symptoms, see an eye care professional immediately. Treatment includes different types of surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html" id="6142" language="Spanish">Desprendimiento de retina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012163">Retinal Detachment</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html" id="1681">Retinal Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Retinal Detachment" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Retinal+Detachment%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complex Retinal Detachment" url="https://www.asrs.org/patients/retinal-diseases/34/complex-retinal-detachment">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Retina Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detached Retina" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/desgarramiento-desprendimiento-retina">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Floaters" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/floaters">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flashes and Floaters" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/flashes-and-floaters?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinal Detachment" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinal+Detachment%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retinal detachment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001027.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinal Detachment" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/desprendimiento-de-la-retina">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinal detachment repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002960.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002960.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinal detachment repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100132_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100132_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitreous Detachment" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/vitreous-detachment">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of your eye. It senses light and sends images to your brain. Learn about retinal disorders and treatments." title="Retinal Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html" id="1681" language="English" date-created="06/10/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain. In the center of this nerve tissue is the macula. It provides the sharp, central vision needed for reading, driving and seeing fine detail.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Retinal disorders affect this vital tissue. They can affect your vision, and some can be serious enough to cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;blindness&lt;/a&gt;. Examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;Macular degeneration&lt;/a&gt; - a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html"&gt;Diabetic eye disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html"&gt;Retinal detachment&lt;/a&gt; - a medical emergency, when the retina is pulled away from the back of the eye&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html"&gt;Retinoblastoma&lt;/a&gt; - cancer of the retina.  It is most common in young children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Macular pucker - scar tissue on the macula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Macular hole -  a small break in the macula that usually happens to people over 60&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Floaters - cobwebs or specks in your field of vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html" id="2267" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la retina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012164">Retinal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1340">Diabetic Eye Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html" id="313">Macular Degeneration</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html" id="6141">Retinal Detachment</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ushersyndrome.html" id="4368">Usher Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Floater</see-reference>
<site title="Amaurosis fugax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000784.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal Recessive Inheritance" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/biettis-crystalline-dystrophy/autosomal-recessive-inheritance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bardet-Biedl Syndrome" url="https://www.fightingblindness.org/diseases/bardet-biedl-syndrome-bbs">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Foundation Fighting Blindness</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bardet-Biedl syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bardet-biedl-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bietti crystalline dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bietti-crystalline-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/biettis-crystalline-dystrophy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancers Affecting the Retina" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/cancers-affecting-the-retina" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-la-retina/c%C3%A1nceres-que-afectan-la-retina">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central serous choroidopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001612.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001612.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choroideremia" url="https://www.fightingblindness.org/diseases/choroideremia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Foundation Fighting Blindness</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choroideremia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/choroideremia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Retinal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Retinal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coats plus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/coats-plus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coats' Disease" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/coats-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cone-rod dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cone-rod-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetic Retinopathy" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy" language-mapped-url="https://nei.nih.gov/health/espanol/retinopatia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroretinography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003388.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Symptoms" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Floaters" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/floaters">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Flashes and Floaters" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/flashes-and-floaters?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluorescein angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003846.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundus albipunctatus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fundus-albipunctatus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping the Retina Regenerate" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/helping-retina-regenerate">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High blood pressure and eye disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000999.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000999.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Home vision tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intravitreal injection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007629.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007629.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knobloch syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/knobloch-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leber Congenital Amaurosis" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/leber-congenital-amaurosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leber congenital amaurosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/leber-congenital-amaurosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Macular Hole" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/macular-hole">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Macular Pucker" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/macular-pucker" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/pliegue-macular">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mainzer-Saldino syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mainzer-saldino-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neuropathy-ataxia-and-retinitis-pigmentosa">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ophthalmoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinal Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retinal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Refsum disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/refsum-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000106.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000106.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinal arterial macroaneurysm with supravalvular pulmonic stenosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/retinal-arterial-macroaneurysm-with-supravalvular-pulmonic-stenosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinal artery occlusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001028.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinal detachment repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100132_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100132_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinal vein occlusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007330.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis Pigmentosa" url="https://www.fightingblindness.org/diseases/retinitis-pigmentosa">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Foundation Fighting Blindness</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001029.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis pigmentosa: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/retinitis-pigmentosa">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Retinopathy of prematurity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001618.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinopathy-prematurity">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Senior-Løken syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/senior-loken-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Slit-lamp exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003880.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Standard eye exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stargardt macular degeneration: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/stargardt-macular-degeneration">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TRNT1 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/trnt1-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitelliform macular dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vitelliform-macular-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitreous Detachment" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/vitreous-detachment">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wagner syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wagner-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Central Serous Chorioretinopathy?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-central-serous-retinopathy" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/retinopatia-serosa-central">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Macular Edema?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-macular-edema" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/edema-macular">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-linked juvenile retinoschisis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-juvenile-retinoschisis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disease. It causes developmental and nervous system problems, mostly in girls. Learn about symptoms and treatments." title="Rett Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rettsyndrome.html" id="4272" language="English" date-created="01/17/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disease that causes developmental and nervous system problems, mostly in girls.  It's related to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;autism spectrum disorder&lt;/a&gt;. Babies with Rett syndrome seem to grow and develop normally at first. Between 3 months and 3 years of age, though, they stop developing and even lose some skills. Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of hand movements such as grasping&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compulsive movements such as hand wringing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Balance problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Behavior problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learning problems or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;intellectual disability&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rett syndrome has no cure. You can treat some of the symptoms with medicines, surgery, and physical and speech therapy. Most people with Rett syndrome live into middle age and beyond. They will usually need care throughout their lives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rettsyndrome.html" id="4273" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Rett</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015518">Rett Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rettsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="153">Autism Spectrum Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="619">Degenerative Nerve Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="209">Developmental Disabilities</related-topic>
<site title="Breath - holding spell" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000967.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rett Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rett+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Rett Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rett Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rett+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rett Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rett-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377227?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rett-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377227?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rett Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/rett-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rett syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001536.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rett Syndrome: An Overview of This Rare Genetic Disorder" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/rett-syndrome-an-overview-of-this-rare-genetic-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sindrome-de-rett-una-vision-general-de-este-raro-trastorno-genetico">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rett syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rett-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rett Syndrome: Overview" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weathering a Rare Childhood Disorder" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/weathering-a-rare-childhood-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-enfrentar-un-trastorno-infantil-raro">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Rett Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Rett Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Types and Phases of Rett Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/types" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/tipos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Rett Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/causes" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about Reye syndrome, which affects the liver, brain, and other organs. It is rare, and is often in children who have just had a viral infection." title="Reye Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html" id="385" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Reye syndrome is a rare illness that can affect the blood, liver, and brain of someone who has recently had a viral infection. It always follows another illness. Although it mostly affects children and teens, anyone can get it. It can develop quickly and without warning. It is most common during flu season. Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea and vomiting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Listlessness &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personality change - such as irritability, combativeness or confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Delirium &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Convulsions &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If these symptoms occur soon after a viral illness, seek medical attention immediately. Reye syndrome can lead to a coma and brain death, so quick diagnosis and treatment are critical. Treatment focuses on preventing brain damage.  There is no cure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown. Studies have shown that taking aspirin increases the risk of getting it. Because of that, health care professionals now recommend other pain relievers for young patients.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html" id="2127" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Reye</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012202">Reye Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="Ammonia Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ammonia-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-amoniaco/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CSF analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003369.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reye Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reye+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reye Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/reye.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/reye.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reye syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001565.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reye's Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/reyes-syndrome">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rh incompatibility happens during pregnancy if mom's blood is Rh-negative and the baby's is Rh-positive. Learn about screening and treatment." title="Rh Incompatibility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html" id="5901" language="English" date-created="11/01/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;There are four major &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html"&gt;blood&lt;/a&gt; types: A, B, O, and AB. The types are based on substances on the surface of the blood cells. Another blood type is called Rh. Rh factor is a protein on red blood cells.  Most people are Rh-positive; they have Rh factor.  Rh-negative people don't have it.  Rh factor is inherited through genes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you're &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;, blood from your baby can cross into your bloodstream, especially during delivery. If you're Rh-negative and your baby is Rh-positive, your body will react to the baby's blood as a foreign substance.  It will create antibodies (proteins) against the baby's blood. These antibodies usually don't cause problems during a first pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;But Rh incompatibility may cause problems in later pregnancies, if the baby is Rh-positive. This is because the antibodies stay in your body once they have formed.  The antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells.  The baby could get Rh disease, a serious condition that can cause a serious type of anemia.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Blood tests can tell whether you have Rh factor and whether your body has made antibodies. Injections of a medicine called Rh immune globulin can keep your body from making Rh antibodies. It helps prevent the problems of Rh incompatibility.  If treatment is needed for the baby, it can include supplements to help the body to make red blood cells and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood transfusions&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html" id="5902" language="Spanish">Incompatibilidad Rh</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012203">Rh Isoimmunization</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004899">Erythroblastosis, Fetal</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Erythroblastosis Fetalis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hemolytic Disease of Newborn</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Erythroblastosis, Fetal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Erythroblastosis,+Fetal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fetal-maternal erythrocyte distribution blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003407.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemolytic disease of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001298.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrops fetalis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007308.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrops Fetalis/Erythroblastosis Fetalis" url="https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/fetal-concerns-center/conditions/infant-complications/hydrops-fetalis-erythroblastosis-fetalis">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Children's Hospital and Health System, Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rh Incompatibility" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rh+Isoimmunization%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Erythroblastosis%2C+Fetal%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Red Blood Cell Antibody Screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-antibody-screen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-los-globulos-rojos/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rh Factor Blood Test" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/rh-factor/about/pac-20394960?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rh Factor: How It Can Affect Your Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/the-rh-factor-how-it-can-affect-your-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-factor-Rh">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rh incompatibility" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001600.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001600.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rh Incompatibility During Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rh.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rh.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) causes pain, swelling and loss of joint function. Treatments include medicine, lifestyle changes, and surgery. Learn more. " title="Rheumatoid Arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="1232" language="English" date-created="03/27/2000">
<also-called>RA</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;arthritis&lt;/a&gt; that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and loss of function in your joints. It can affect any joint but is common in the wrist and fingers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More women than men get rheumatoid arthritis. It often starts in middle age and is most common in older people. You might have the disease for only a short time, or symptoms might come and go. The severe form can last a lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rheumatoid arthritis is different from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt;, the common arthritis that often comes with older age. RA can affect body parts besides joints, such as your eyes, mouth and lungs. RA is an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disease&lt;/a&gt;, which means the arthritis results from your immune system attacking your body's own tissues.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;No one knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. Genes, environment, and hormones might contribute. Treatments include medicine, lifestyle changes, and surgery. These can slow or stop joint damage and reduce pain and swelling.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html" id="2128" language="Spanish">Artritis reumatoide</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001172">Arthritis, Rheumatoid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rheumatoidarthritis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rheumatoidarthritis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rheumatoidarthritis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rheumatoidarthritis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="143">Ankylosing Spondylitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html" id="23">Arthritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html" id="1292">Juvenile Arthritis</related-topic>
<site title="6 Tips to Manage Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/in-depth/6-tips-to-manage-rheumatoid-arthritis-symptoms/art-20486824?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Physical Activity and Arthritis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/spanish/conceptos-basicos/ejercicio-y-artritis.htm">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advantage, Wozniacki: Tennis Star on Taking Charge of Life with RA" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/advantage-wozniacki-tennis-star-on-taking-charge-of-life-with-ra" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/wozniacki-y-campana-advantagehers-eestrella-del-tenis-se-hace-cargo-de-la-vida-con-artritis-reumatoide">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antimitochondrial antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis by the Numbers: Book of Trusted Facts and Figures" url="https://www.arthritis.org/getmedia/73a9f02d-7f91-4084-91c3-0ed0b11c5814/abtn-2020-final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Foundation: Local Office Directory" url="https://www.arthritis.org/local-offices/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Hand" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-hand/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Shoulder" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-shoulder" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/artritis-del-hombro-arthritis-of-the-shoulder/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Wrist" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-wrist/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-reactive protein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CCP Antibody Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ccp-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antipeptido-ciclico-citrulinado-anti-ccp/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Arthritis, Rheumatoid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Arthritis,+Rheumatoid%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collagen vascular disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003456.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complement Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complement-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-complemento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complement component 3 (C3)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003539.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003539.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Complement component 4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003354.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cryoglobulins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Felty syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000445.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immune System &amp; Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/immune-system-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/el-sistema-inmunologico-y-la-enfermedad-reumatica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammation" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/inflammation">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Arthritis of the Hip" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/inflammatory-arthritis-of-the-hip">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint Injections (Joint Aspirations)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parent Smoking Linked to Rheumatoid Arthritis" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/11/parent-smoking-linked-rheumatoid-arthritis">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/pregnancy-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/embarazo-y-enfermedad-reumatica">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein electrophoresis - serum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003540.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthritis%2C+Rheumatoid%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quantitative nephelometry test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rheumatoid-arthritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/artritis-reumatoide">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid arthritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000431.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/rheumatoid-arthritis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/artritis-reumatoide-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/rheumatoid-arthritis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis Educational Video Series" url="https://www.hopkinsarthritis.org/arthritis-info/rheumatoid-arthritis/rheumatoid-arthritis-for-patients/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis-of-the-foot-and-ankle">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000431_20.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000431_80.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis: Can It Affect the Eyes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/FAQ-20057897?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/faq-20057897?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis: Can It Affect the Lungs?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/FAQ-20058245?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/expert-answers/rheumatoid-arthritis/faq-20058245?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Arthritis: In Depth" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/rheumatoid-arthritis-in-depth">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid arthritis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rheumatoid-arthritis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid factor (RF)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003548.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rheumatoid-factor-rf-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-factor-reumatoideo-fr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid lung disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000113.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000113.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000137.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scleritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001003.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serum globulin electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003544.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003544.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial Fluid Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/synovial-fluid-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-sinovial/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid peroxidase antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uveitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rickets causes soft, weak bones in children. It usually occurs when they do not get enough vitamin D. Read about symptoms and treatment." title="Rickets" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html" id="3898" language="English" date-created="08/16/2004">
<also-called>Rachitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Rickets causes soft, weak bones in children. It usually occurs when they do not get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html"&gt;enough vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;, which helps growing bones absorb the minerals calcium and phosphorous. It can also happen when calcium or phosphorus levels are too low.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your child might not get enough vitamin D if he or she:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has dark skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Spends too little time outside&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has on sunscreen all the time when out of doors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doesn't eat foods containing vitamin D because of lactose intolerance or a strict vegetarian diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Is breastfed without receiving vitamin D supplements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can't make or use vitamin D because of a medical disorder such as celiac disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to dietary rickets, children can get an inherited form of the disease. Symptoms include bone pain or tenderness, impaired growth, and deformities of the bones and teeth. Your child's doctor uses lab and imaging tests to make the diagnosis. Treatment is replacing the calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D that are lacking in the diet. Rickets is rare in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html" id="3899" language="Spanish">Raquitismo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012279">Rickets</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063730">Rickets, Hypophosphatemic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html" id="6448">Vitamin D Deficiency</related-topic>
<site title="Bowlegs and Knock-Knees" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Bowlegs-and-Knock-Knees.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/paginas/bowlegs-and-knock-knees.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rickets" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rickets%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rickets, Hypophosphatemic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rickets,+Hypophosphatemic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-hypophosphatemic-rickets">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mineral and Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/mineral-bone-disorder">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rickets" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rickets%2C+Hypophosphatemic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Rickets%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rickets" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rickets.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rickets.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rickets" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/rickets/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/raquitismo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rickets" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000344.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rickets" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rickets/symptoms-causes/syc-20351943?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rickets/symptoms-causes/syc-20351943?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D-dependent rickets: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vitamin-d-dependent-rickets">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vida inactiva presenta riesgos para la salud. Entérese cuáles son y cómo añadir actividad física a su vida." title="Riesgos de una vida sedentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html" id="6544" language="Spanish" date-created="06/28/2017">
<also-called>Enfermedades por estar sentado mucho tiempo</also-called>
<also-called>Riesgos a la salud de una vida inactiva</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un estilo de vida inactivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ser un haragán. No hacer ejercicio. Estilo de vida sedentario o inactivo. Usted quizás ha escuchado todas estas frases, y es que significan lo mismo: Estar mucho tiempo sentado o acostado, haciendo poco o nada de ejercicio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos y en todo el mundo, la gente pasa más y más tiempo en forma sedentaria. Durante nuestro tiempo libre estamos a menudo sentados, ya sea frente a la computadora u otro dispositivo, viendo la televisión o jugando videojuegos. Muchos de nuestros trabajos se han vuelto más inactivos, con largos días sentados en un escritorio. La manera de transportarnos tampoco nos ayuda: coches, autobuses y trenes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo afecta un estilo de vida sedentario a su cuerpo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted tiene un estilo de vida inactivo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quema menos calorías. Esto hace que usted tenga más probabilidades de subir de peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede perder masa muscular y resistencia, porque no usa tanto sus músculos &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los huesos se debilitan y pierden algo de su contenido mineral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su metabolismo puede verse afectado y su cuerpo puede tener más problemas para sintetizar grasas y azúcares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su sistema inmunitario quizás no funcione tan bien&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Puede tener una mala circulación de la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su cuerpo puede tener más inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede desarrollar un desequilibrio hormonal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos para la salud de un estilo de vida sedentario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un estilo de vida inactivo puede ser una causa de muchas enfermedades crónicas. Al no hacer ejercicio en forma regular, aumenta el riesgo de:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad coronaria&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;infarto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html"&gt;Colesterol alto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos tipos de cáncer, incluidos los de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;seno&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html"&gt;útero&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html"&gt;caídas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumento de sentimientos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Tener un estilo de vida inactivo también puede aumentar su riesgo de muerte prematura. Y cuanto más sedentario sea, mayor es el riesgo para su salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo empezar a hacer ejercicio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted ha sido sedentario, puede que tenga que comenzar lentamente. Usted puede seguir agregando más ejercicio en forma gradual. Cuanto más pueda hacer, mejor. Pero trate de no abrumarse y haga lo que pueda. Hacer poco ejercicio es siempre mejor que nada. Eventualmente, su meta podrá llegar a hacer la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;cantidad recomendada de ejercicio&lt;/a&gt; para su edad y salud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas maneras diferentes de hacer ejercicio, lo importante es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;encontrar los tipos que sean mejores&lt;/a&gt; para usted. También puede tratar de añadir actividad física a su vida en pequeñas formas, como en la casa y el trabajo.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo ser más activo en la casa?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay algunas formas de ser más activos en la casa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las labores de la casa y en el jardín son actividades físicas. Para aumentar la intensidad, puede intentar hacerlo a un ritmo más fuerte&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Manténgase en movimiento mientras ve televisión. Puede levantar pesas de mano, hacer algunos estiramientos suaves de yoga o pedalear una bicicleta estática. En lugar de usar el control remoto del televisor, levántese y cambie los canales usted mismo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haga ejercicio en casa con un video de entrenamiento (en su televisor o en internet)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Camine por su vecindario. Puede ser más divertido si camina con su perro, con un amigo o si acompaña a sus hijos a la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Póngase de pie cuando hable por teléfono&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consiga algunos equipos de ejercicio para su hogar. Las cintas de correr y elípticas son grandes, y no todo el mundo tiene el dinero o el espacio para uno. Los equipos más económicos, como bolas de yoga, colchonetas de ejercicio, bandas elásticas y pesas de mano pueden ayudarle a hacer actividad física en casa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo ser más activo en el trabajo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de nosotros nos sentamos cuando estamos trabajando, a menudo frente a una computadora. De hecho, menos del 20% de los estadounidenses tiene un trabajo físicamente activo. Puede ser un reto incluir actividad física en su día de trabajo, pero aquí presentamos algunas sugerencias para ayudarle a moverse:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Levántese de su silla y muévase al menos una vez por hora&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Póngase de pie cuando esté hablando por teléfono&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Averigüe si su empresa puede conseguirle un escritorio con una cinta de correr &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use las escaleras en lugar del elevador&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use su descanso o parte de su hora de almuerzo para caminar alrededor del lugar donde trabaja&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Levántese y camine a la oficina de un colega en vez de enviar un correo electrónico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenga reuniones mientras camina o reúnase de pie con compañeros de trabajo en lugar de sentarse en una sala de conferencias&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html" id="6543" language="English">Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<site title="Actividad física y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/obesidad/actividad-fisica-hoja-informativa" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/physical-activity-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio para niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio para personas mayores: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforseniors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforseniors.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Limite el tiempo frente a la pantalla" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/tiempopantalla.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oportunidades para moverse abundan" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-oportunidades-para-moverse-abundan">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tiempo de pantalla y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000355.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los riesgos de estar sentado mucho tiempo?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/sitting/faq-20058005?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/sitting/faq-20058005?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede la actividad física convertirse en un estilo de vida?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/answers-by-heart-spanish/how-can-phy-activity-become-way-of-life_span.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/How-Can-Physical-Activity-Become-a-Way-of-Life_UCM_308998_Article.jsp">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo pueden afectar su salud reproductiva, su fertilidad o su capacidad para tener hijos. Tipos de riesgos, prevención." title="Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html" id="2124" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo son sustancias que pueden afectar la salud reproductiva de mujeres y hombres. También incluyen sustancias que afectan la capacidad delas personas de tener hijos sanos. Estas sustancias pueden ser químicas, físicas o biológicas. Algunos tipos comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;Alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Químicos como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticidas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Tabaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;Drogas&lt;/a&gt; legales e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;ilegales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Metales como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;plomo&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html"&gt;mercurio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;Radiación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se puede exponer a estos riesgos a través del contacto con la piel, la respiración o tragarlos. Esto puede ocurrir en cualquier parte, pero es más común en el lugar de trabajo o en el hogar.&lt;/p&gt;
   
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los efectos de los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los posibles efectos en la salud de los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html"&gt;fertilidad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html"&gt;pérdida del embarazo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;trastornos del desarrollo&lt;/a&gt; en niños. El tipo de efectos en la salud y qué tan serios son dependen de muchos factores, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El tipo de sustancia &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La cantidad a la que estuvo expuesto&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuánto y cuán seguido estuvo expuesto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cómo reaccionó a la sustancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo afectan a los hombres?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una sustancia puede afectar los espermatozoides en los hombres, ya sea la cantidad, su forma o cómo nadan. También puede dañar su ADN. Puede que no sea capaz de fecundar el óvulo, o que cause problemas con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;desarrollo del feto&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo afectan a las mujeres?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para la mujer, una sustancia riesgosa para el sistema reproductivo puede afectar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;ciclo menstrual&lt;/a&gt;. Puede causar un desequilibrio hormonal, lo que puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;enfermedad cardiaca&lt;/a&gt; y ciertos tipos de cáncer. También puede afectar la capacidad de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;mujer de quedar embarazada&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una mujer expuesta a estos riesgos durante el embarazo puede tener diferentes efectos, dependiendo de cuándo estuvo expuesta. Durante los primeros 3 meses de gestación, puede causar defectos congénitos o pérdida del embarazo. Durante los últimos 6 meses de gestación, puede retrasar el crecimiento del feto, afectar el desarrollo de su cerebro o llevar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;trabajo de parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se pueden evitar los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para intentar evitar peligros reproductivos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evite el alcohol y las drogas ilegales &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si fuma, trate de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejarlo&lt;/a&gt;. Y si no fuma, no empiece a fumar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tome precauciones si está utilizando productos químicos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html"&gt;domésticos&lt;/a&gt; o pesticidas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use buena &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;higiene&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo lavado de manos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si hay riesgos en su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html"&gt;trabajo&lt;/a&gt;, asegúrese de seguir prácticas y procedimientos de trabajo seguros
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html" id="39" language="English">Reproductive Hazards</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html" id="2104">Embarazo y consumo de sustancias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html" id="3155">Infecciones durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979">Infertilidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html" id="5579">Medicinas durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/preconceptioncare.html" id="4456">Preconcepción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186">Salud sexual del adolescente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ovulación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Reproductiva, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud reproductiva</see-reference>
<site title="Antecedentes de reproducción y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-antecedentes-reproduccion" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/reproductive-history-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aparato reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/female-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/male-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/male-repro.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evitar exponerse al plomo durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lead.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lead.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usar sustancias químicas de uso doméstico durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chemicals-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo hacer una autoexploración testicular?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tse.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rinitis alérgica es un tipo de alergia provocada por el polen de los árboles, malezas y pasto. Síntomas y tratamientos para la fiebre del heno." title="Rinitis alérgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html" id="4747" language="Spanish" date-created="11/21/2008">
<also-called>Fiebre de heno</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada primavera, verano y otoño, árboles, malezas y pasto liberan pequeños granos de polen al ambiente. Algunos de ellos terminan en su nariz y garganta. Esto puede provocar un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;alergia&lt;/a&gt; llamada rinitis alérgica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estornudos, a menudo con congestión o romadizo nasal&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Tos y goteo nasal posterior&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Picazón de ojos, nariz y garganta&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Ojeras &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de salud puede diagnosticar la rinitis alérgica con un examen físico y sus síntomas. A veces se utilizan pruebas de sangre o de piel.  
Algunas medicinas y sprays nasales pueden aliviar los síntomas. También puede hacerse enjuagues nasales, pero asegúrese de usar agua destilada o esterilizada con sal. Las inyecciones para la alergia pueden hacerlo menos sensible al polen y brindar alivio a largo plazo.
&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html" id="4746" language="English">Hay Fever</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<site title="Aerosoles nasales con corticosteroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000404.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aerosoles nasales: Cómo usarlos correctamente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aerosoles-nasales-como-usarlos-correctamente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/nasal-sprays-how-to-use-them-correctly/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias al polen" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/alergias-al-polen" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/healthinfo/conditions/allergy/allergens/pollen?modal=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias estacionales en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Paginas/Seasonal-Allergies-in-Children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/pages/Seasonal-Allergies-in-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias, asma y polen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000489.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alérgenos de exterior: Consejos para tener en cuenta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/alergenos-de-exterior-consejos-para-tener-en-cuent" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/at-a-glance/outdoor-allergens.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buscar alivio para la alergia: Cuando respirar se vuelve una molestia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/buscar-alivio-para-la-alergia" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/06/seeking-allergy-relief">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cefalea asociada con alergias y problemas en los senos paranasales" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/cefalea-asociada-con-alergias-y-problemas-en-los-s">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conozca qué medicamentos son adecuados para sus alergias estacionales" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/conozca-que-medicamentos-son-adecuados-para-sus-alergias-estacionales" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/know-which-medication-right-your-seasonal-allergies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de los síntomas de fiebre de heno con concentraciones de polen precisas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/control-de-los-sintomas-de-fiebre-de-heno-con-conc" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/hay-fever-and-pollen-counts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el polen" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/rinitis/cuestionario-sobre-el-polen" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/rhinitis/pollen-quiz.aspx">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la rinitis alérgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000547.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desencadenantes de la fiebre del heno: Consejos para los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/hay-fever-help.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuesta sobre rinitis alérgica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/rinitis/encuesta-sobre-rinitis-alergica" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/hay-fever-rhinitis/hay-fever-allergic-rhinitis-quiz">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histamina: De lo que está hecha la alergia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/histamina-de-lo-que-esta-hecha-la-alergia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/histamine-the-stuff-allergies-are-made-of/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lavado sinusal salino: Receta" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/receta-para-lavado-sinusal-salino" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/saline-sinus-rinse-recipe">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para las alergias de los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/allergy-medicines.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alergias en la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cutáneas para alergias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003519.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfríos, alergias y sinusitis: Cómo diferenciarlas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rinitis" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/alergias/rinitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/hay-fever-rhinitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinitis (fiebre de heno)" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/rinitis-(fiebre-de-heno)-consejos-para-recordar" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/rhinitis-(hay-fever)">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinitis alérgica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/rinitis-alergica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/allergic-rhinitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinitis alérgica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000813.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinitis alérgica en adultos: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000247.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000247.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinitis alérgica en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000248.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la rinitis alérgica: Vale la pena meter la nariz" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/itsl-tratamiento-para-la-rinitis-alergica">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triamcinolona para la alergia en spray nasal de venta libre: ¿Qué representa para los pacientes?" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/srays-de-esteroides-nasales-de-venta-libre-%BFque-re">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas antialérgicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000405.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las causas de las alergias estacionales?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cuales-son-las-causas-de-las-alergias-estacionales" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-triggers-seasonal-allergies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Las alergias causan el asma?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/allergies-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/allergies-asthma.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué gotea mi nariz?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose-run.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose-run.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El ronquido ocurre cuando algo obstruye el flujo de aire por la boca y la nariz cuando duerrme y puede empeorar con la edad. Causas y tratamientos." title="Roncar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html" id="2159" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Roncar es el sonido que hace cuando su respiración se bloquea mientras duerme. El sonido es causado por tejidos en la parte superior de las vías respiratorias que se golpean entre sí y vibran. El ronquido es común, especialmente en adultos mayores y personas con sobrepeso.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando es severo, el ronquido puede causar que se despierte frecuentemente durante la noche y somnolencia diurna. Además, puede interrumpir el sueño de su compañero de cama. Los ronquidos también pueden ser un signo de un trastorno serio llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;. Vea a su profesional de la salud si a menudo está cansado durante el día, no siente que duerme bien o se despierta jadeando.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para reducir los ronquidos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Si tiene sobrepeso, adelgazar puede ayudar, pero las personas delgadas también pueden roncar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduzca o evite el alcohol y otros sedantes al acostarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No duerma boca arriba &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 &lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/snoring.html" id="1531" language="English">Snoring</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html" id="2785">Apnea del sueño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html" id="2152">Problemas del sueño</related-topic>
<site title="Estudio del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Roncar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000119.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ronquido: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/snoring/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377701?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ronquidos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/snoring/symptoms-causes/syc-20377694?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/snoring/symptoms-causes/syc-20377694?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ronquidos en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000720.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000720.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uvulopalatofaringoplastia (UPFP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007663.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rosacea can range from redness in the face to acne and thickened skin and inflammation that may extend into the eyes. Learn what treatments can help." title="Rosacea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rosacea.html" id="1247" language="English" date-created="06/29/2000">
<also-called>Acne rosacea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Rosacea is a long-term disease that affects your skin and sometimes your eyes. It causes redness and pimples. Rosacea is most common in women and people with fair skin. It most often affects middle-aged and older adults.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In most cases, rosacea only affects the face. Symptoms can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Frequent redness of the face, or flushing &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Small, red lines under the skin&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html"&gt;Acne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A swollen nose&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Thick skin, usually on the forehead, chin, and cheeks &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Red, dry, itchy eyes and sometimes vision problems &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one knows what causes rosacea. You may be more likely to have it if you blush a lot or if rosacea runs in your family. Rosacea is not dangerous. There is no cure, but treatments can help. They include medicines and sometimes surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rosacea.html" id="2129" language="Spanish">Rosácea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012393">Rosacea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rosacea.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html" id="124">Acne</related-topic>
<see-reference>Acne Rosacea</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rosacea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rosacea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Rosacea: Identifying Your Individual Rosacea Triggers" url="https://www.rosacea.org/patients/materials/coping-with-rosacea/identifying-rosacea-triggers">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Rosacea: Managing Psychosocial Aspects of Rosacea" url="https://www.rosacea.org/patients/materials/coping-with-rosacea/managing-psychological-and-social-aspects-of-rosacea">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Rosacea" url="https://www.rosacea.org/patients/materials/managing-rosacea-brochure">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ocular Rosacea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ocular-rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20375798?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ocular-rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20375798?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Other Skin Conditions Often Present in Rosacea Patients" url="https://www.rosacea.org/rosacea-review/2013/winter/survey-other-skin-conditions-often-present-in-rosacea-patients">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosacea" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rosacea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Relieving Rosacea: Treating Face Redness" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/07/relieving-rosacea" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/alivio-de-la-rosacea">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rhinophyma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001037.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rhinophyma Treated with Options Today" url="https://www.rosacea.org/rosacea-review/2012/spring/rhinophyma-treated-with-options-today">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosacea" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/rosacea/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/rosacea-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosacea" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rosacea" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/rosacea">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rosacea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000879.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000879.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosacea: Information for Adults" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/rosacea?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosacea: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rosacea">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seborrheic Dermatitis and Rosacea" url="https://www.rosacea.org/patients/seborrheic-dermatitis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women May Need Added Therapy for Rosacea" url="https://www.rosacea.org/rosacea-review/2008/winter/women-may-need-added-therapy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Rosacea Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rosácea es una enfermedad crónica que afecta la piel y a veces los ojos. Causa enrojecimiento de la piel y espinillas. Más síntomas y tratamientos aquí." title="Rosácea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rosacea.html" id="2129" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2006">
<also-called>Acné rosácea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La rosácea es una enfermedad crónica que afecta la piel y algunas veces los ojos. Causa enrojecimiento de la piel y espinillas. La rosácea es más común entre las mujeres y las personas de piel clara. Suele afectar a adultos de edad mediana y avanzada. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la mayoría de los casos, la rosácea sólo afecta la cara. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enrojecimiento frecuente de la cara &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pequeñas líneas rojas debajo de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html"&gt;Acné&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Inflamación de la nariz &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Piel gruesa, generalmente en la frente, la barbilla y las mejillas &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas con rosácea también presentan síntomas en los ojos, como enrojecimiento, sequedad y picazón. A veces ocurren problemas a la vista.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa de la rosácea. Es posible que tenga más probabilidades de tenerla si se enrojece con facilidad o si hay casos de rosácea en su familia. La rosácea no es peligrosa. No existe cura, pero tratamientos pueden ayudar. Estos incluyen medicinas y algunas veces cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rosacea.html" id="1247" language="English">Rosacea</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html" id="1721">Acné</related-topic>
<site title="Alivio de la rosácea: Tratamiento del enrojecimiento de la cara" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/alivio-de-la-rosacea" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/07/relieving-rosacea">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rinofima" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001037.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosácea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/rosacea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/rosacea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosácea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000879.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000879.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rosácea ocular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ocular-rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20375798?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ocular-rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20375798?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la rosácea?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/rosacea" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rosacea">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The rotator cuff is made up of muscles and tendons in your shoulder area. Tendinitis, bursitis, and tears are common problems with the rotator cuff." title="Rotator Cuff Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotatorcuffinjuries.html" id="5932" language="English" date-created="12/05/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a rotator cuff?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your rotator cuff is part of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;shoulder joint&lt;/a&gt;. It's a group of muscles and tendons that holds the top part of your upper arm bone firmly in your shoulder socket. The rotator cuff keeps your shoulder stable when you move your arm in any direction.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;What are rotator cuff injuries?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rotator cuff injuries are common. Most of them are wear-and-tear injuries from doing the same arm movements over and over - especially reaching over your head. With time, the tissues in the rotator cuff break down, leading to these injuries:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; The tendons in the rotator cuff connect your muscles to your shoulder bones. In tendinitis, the tendons become irritated and swollen from being pinched during shoulder movements.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; The bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that pads the space between the rotator cuff and the bones of your shoulder. Bursitis happens when the muscle and bone rub the bursa too much. It swells with extra fluid, which causes pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rotator cuff tears.&lt;/strong&gt; Tears in a rotator cuff tendon can happen over time or suddenly from an injury, such as falling on an outstretched arm or lifting something heavy. A tear may go part way through a tendon (partial tear) or all the way through (full tear).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop a rotator cuff injury?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop a rotator cuff injury. But certain people are more likely to have one:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;People over age 40.&lt;/strong&gt; Most rotator cuff injuries are from the wear and tear of aging. By age 80, most adults have tears.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Athletes.&lt;/strong&gt; Playing sports with repeated shoulder movements increases the risk of a rotator cuff injury, for example, tennis, swimming, and baseball - especially pitching.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;People in jobs that require a lot of reaching overhead or heavy lifting.&lt;/strong&gt; Carpenters, construction workers, and painters are examples of workers who may be more likely to have rotator cuff problems.&lt;/li&gt;   
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of rotator cuff injuries?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rotator cuff injuries don't always cause pain.  But when they do, the pain is often in the top part of your arm or shoulder. You may feel more pain when you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lie down, especially on the injured shoulder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lift your arm or lower it to the front or side&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reach behind your back&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other symptoms from a torn rotator cuff may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of strength in the arm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clicking or popping sounds when you move your arm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are rotator cuff injuries diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have a rotator cuff injury, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will examine your shoulder. This includes checking the range of motion and where the pain is.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Will test your arm and shoulder strength.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;, or an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI scan&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for rotator cuff injuries?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The best treatment for you depends on your age, how much your injury bothers you, and whether your injury was sudden or happened from wear and tear.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for rotator cuff injuries often include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rest&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Putting ice or a cold pack on the sore area&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; to lessen pain and swelling, such as ibuprofen or aspirin&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Physical therapy exercises to strengthen your shoulder and improve movement&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A corticosteroid shot into your shoulder joint if other treatments don't help with the pain&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for rotator cuff tendinitis and bursitis may also include ultrasound therapy. Surgery may be an option if your shoulder doesn't feel better in 6 to 12 months.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for a torn rotator cuff may also include heat to the sore area or electrical stimulation of the nerves and muscles (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You provider may suggest surgery if your tear is large or is from a recent injury, or symptoms last for 6 to 12 months.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;When should I see a health care provider for shoulder pain?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If certain activities bother your shoulder, it's best to stop doing them and check with your provider. That's because early treatment can prevent mild rotator cuff injuries from becoming more serious later on. If you your arm feels weak right after a sudden injury to your shoulder, see your provider as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html" id="5933" language="Spanish">Lesiones del manguito rotatorio del hombro</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000070636">Rotator Cuff Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotatorcuffinjuries.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4329">Arm Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Shoulder Impingement</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rotator Cuff Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rotator+Cuff%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shoulder+Impingement+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisone Shots" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rotator Cuff Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rotator+Cuff+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reverse total shoulder replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reverse total shoulder replacement - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000987.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000987.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator cuff - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000358.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator Cuff and Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/rotator-cuff-and-shoulder-conditioning-program/rotator-cuff-pdf/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rotator cuff exercises" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000357.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator Cuff Exercises" url="https://familydoctor.org/rotator-cuff-exercises/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejercicios-para-el-manguito-rotador/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator cuff problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000438.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator cuff repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007207.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator cuff repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100229_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100229_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator Cuff Tears" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/rotator-cuff-tears/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/desgarres-del-manguito-de-los-rotadores-rotator-cuff-tears">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator Cuff Tears: Surgical Treatment Options" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/rotator-cuff-tears-surgical-treatment-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator Cuff Tendonitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rotator-cuff-tendonitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rotator-cuff-tendonitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Arthroscopy" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/shoulder-arthroscopy/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder arthroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007206.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Impingement Treatment" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/Pages/Shoulder-Impingement-Treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/paginas/shoulder-impingement-treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Impingement/Rotator Cuff Tendinitis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/shoulder-impingementrotator-cuff-tendinitis" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.org/es/diseases--conditions/compresion-del-hombro-tendinitis-del-manguito-rotador-shoulder-impingementrotator-cuff-tendinitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Joint Replacement" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/shoulder-joint-replacement/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Pain" url="https://familydoctor.org/shoulder-pain/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dolor-en-el-hombro/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007387.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El rotavirus es un virus que puede causar diarrea severa, vómitos, fiebre y deshidratación. Se contagia fácilmente, pero una vacuna puede prevenirlo. " title="Rotavirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3216" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El rotavirus es un virus que causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt;. Síntomas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; severa, vómitos, fiebre y deshidratación. Casi todos los niños en Estados Unidos probablemente se infecten de rotavirus antes de cumplir los cinco años.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones ocurren casi siempre en invierno o en primavera. Es muy fácil que los niños con este virus se lo contagien a otros menores y a veces a los adultos. Una vez que un niño adquiere el virus toma unos dos días para que se enferme. Los vómitos y la diarrea pueden durar entre tres y ocho días. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay medicinas para tratarlo. Para prevenir la deshidratación, dele muchos líquidos a su niño. Su proveedor de salud puede recetarle líquidos de rehidratación oral. Algunos niños necesitan ir a un hospital para recibir líquidos por vía intravenosa. Dos vacunas están disponibles contra infecciones por rotavirus.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3215" language="English">Rotavirus Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html" id="1858">Diarrea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca del rotavirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/es/about/acerca-del-rotavirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea en niños: Lo que los padres necesitan saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/diarrhea.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Diarrhea.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen para antígeno del rotavirus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003349.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis vírica (gripe estomacal)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/art-20056595?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/ART-20056595?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe estomacal: ¿Por cuánto tiempo puedo contagiarla?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/faq-20057899?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/FAQ-20057899?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rotavirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rotavirus.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el rotavirus: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_rotavirus.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/rotavirus.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rotavirus is a virus that causes symptoms of severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration.  It is easily spread; but vaccines are available." title="Rotavirus Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3215" language="English" date-created="06/04/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Rotavirus is a virus that causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html"&gt;gastroenteritis&lt;/a&gt;. Symptoms include severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Almost all children in the U.S. are likely to be infected with rotavirus before their 5th birthday.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Infections happen most often in the winter and spring. It is very easy for children with the virus to spread it to other children and sometimes to adults. Once a child gets the virus, it takes about two days to become sick. Vomiting and diarrhea may last from three to eight days.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no medicine to treat it. To prevent dehydration, have your child drink plenty of liquids. Your health care provider may recommend oral rehydration drinks. Some children need to go to the hospital for IV fluids. Two vaccines against rotavirus infections are available.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3216" language="Spanish">Rotavirus</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012400">Rotavirus Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rotavirusinfections.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211">Diarrhea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<site title="About Rotavirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rotavirus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rotavirus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Rotavirus" url="https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/faq-rotavirus/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroenteritis: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/ART-20056595?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-gastroenteritis/basics/art-20056595?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rotavirus+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rotavirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rotavirus.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus antigen test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003349.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/vaccines/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/rotavirus/public/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/rotavirus.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotavirus Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/rotavirus.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_rotavirus.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Flu: How Long Am I Contagious?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/FAQ-20057899?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/faq-20057899?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is the Best Way to Treat Diarrhea?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Diarrhea.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/diarrhea.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Rubella (German measles) is a viral infection. It's usually mild, but can be dangerous for an unborn baby if the mother gets it. Read about prevention" title="Rubella" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html" id="387" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<also-called>German measles</also-called>
<also-called>Three day measles</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Rubella is an infection caused by a virus. It is usually mild with fever and a rash. About half of the people who get rubella do not have symptoms. If you do get them, symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mild fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aching joints, especially in young women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen glands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;Rubella is most dangerous for a pregnant woman's baby. It can cause miscarriage or birth defects.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rubella spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People without symptoms can still spread it. There is no treatment, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html" id="2130" language="Spanish">Rubéola</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012409">Rubella</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/rubella.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<see-reference>German Measles</see-reference>
<see-reference>Three Day Measles</see-reference>
<site title="About Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/about/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rubella" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rubella%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital rubella" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001658.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Current Vaccine Shortages and Delays" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vaccines-us/shortages-delays.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Safety Information" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/mmr.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Measles, Mumps, Rubella and the MMR Vaccine during Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmr.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rubella" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rubella%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rubella" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rubella" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rubella">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubella" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001574.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubella (German Measles)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/german-measles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/german-measles.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubella Vaccine Recommendations" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/hcp/vaccine-considerations/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/rubella-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubella: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4218.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Rubella" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/rubella">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La rubéola es una infección causada por un virus que puede ocasionar fiebre y erupciones en la piel. Existe una vacuna para prevenirla.  " title="Rubéola" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html" id="2130" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Rubeola</also-called>
<also-called>Sarampión alemán</also-called>
<also-called>Sarampión de tres días</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La rubéola es una infección causada por un virus. Generalmente, es leve y se presenta con fiebre y erupción aunque la mitad de las personas que la tienen no presentan síntomas. Pero si los tienen, estos pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Erupción que comienza en la cara y se extiende al cuerpo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poca fiebre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones, sobre todo en mujeres jóvenes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios inflamados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;La rubéola sí es peligrosa durante el embarazo. Puede causar un aborto espontáneo o defectos de nacimiento.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La rubéola se contagia cuando una persona tose o estornuda. La gente que no presenta síntomas también puede contagiarla. No hay tratamiento, por lo tanto, lo mejor es prevenirla con la vacuna. En Estados Unidos, ésta se llama MMR que es una vacuna combinada para el sarampión, paperas y rubéola.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html" id="387" language="English">Rubella</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<site title="Rubéola" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/german-measles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/german-measles.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubéola" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rubella" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rubella">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubéola" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001574.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubéola" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/infecciones-v%C3%ADricas-frecuentes-en-lactantes-y-ni%C3%B1os/rub%C3%A9ola">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubéola" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/rubella/index.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubéola (y el embarazo)" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/rubeola.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rubéola congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001658.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001658.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión, paperas y rubéola, la vacuna MMR y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra MMRV: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra el sarampión, paperas y rubéola: lo que usted debe saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/Paginas/Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Vaccines-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los sonidos muy fuertes pueden afectar su oído interno y provocar pérdida de la audición. Entérese cómo protegerse y prevenir la sordera. " title="Ruido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html" id="2055" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ruido está en todas partes a su alrededor, desde los televisores y las radios hasta las podadoras de césped y las máquinas lavadoras de ropa. En general, estos sonidos se escuchan a niveles seguros que no afectan su audición. Pero los sonidos demasiado altos o los que son altos por un largo período son dañinos. Estos pueden lastimar las estructuras sensibles del oído interno y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;pérdida de audición&lt;/a&gt; causada por el ruido.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Más de 30 millones de estadounidenses están expuestos a niveles nocivos de ruido en forma habitual. Los niveles nocivos de ruidos son mayores de 80 decibeles, lo que no es tan ruidoso como el tráfico de una calle muy transitada. Escuchar música con volumen alto, especialmente con audífonos, es una causa común de la pérdida de audición por el ruido. Usted puede proteger su audición al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener un bajo volumen cuando se escucha música &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar tapones para los oídos al usar equipos ruidosos&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html" id="500" language="English">Noise</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939">Problemas de la audición y sordera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html" id="2061">Salud ocupacional</related-topic>
<site title="Consejos para mantener el nivel de ruido más bajo en el hogar" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/padres/que-pueden-hacer-los-padres/mantener-ruido-bajo-hogar">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Demasiado ruido. Demasiado tiempo" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/padres/ninos-habitos-audicion-saludable/demasiado-ruido-demasiado-tiempo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia y la música" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000495.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Música fuerte, ¿puede dañarte los oídos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rock-music.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rock-music.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protectores de oídos para un mundo ruidoso" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/noisyplanet/files/Documents/Publications/protectores-de-oidos-para-un-mundo-ruidoso.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteja la audición de sus hijos" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/padres/que-pueden-hacer-los-padres/proteja-audicion-sus-hijos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición inducida por el ruido" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/perdida-auditiva-inducida-por-ruido-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/noise-induced-hearing-loss/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición inducida por el ruido" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/perdida-de-audicion-inducida-por-el-ruido" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición relacionada al trabajo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/topics/oido.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruido: Cómo disminuirlo en el hogar" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/noisyplanet/files/Documents/Publications/padres_ruido_en_el_hogar.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ruido: Cómo disminuirlo en la granja" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/noisyplanet/files/Documents/Publications/KeepDownonFarm_TipSht-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/parents/keeping-noise-down-on-the-farm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sigue escuchando el ritmo" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/ninos-preadolescentes/sigue-escuchando-el-ritmo">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Son sus oídos, protéjalos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2007-175_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trauma acústico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001061.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Demasiado ruidoso y demasiado brillante! Efectos de la contaminación acústica y lumínica en su salud" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/demasiado-ruidoso-y-demasiado-brillante" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/too-loud-and-too-bright">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Escuche! Los ruidos pueden dañar su audición" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/escuche">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuán fuerte es demasiado fuerte?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyT2gD3gjOs&amp;index=23&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgwD3S8bzak&amp;index=12&amp;t=0s&amp;list=PLd_5BzGlfpgrAdm94vZ1Xn_UdNeLpXX4g">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo proteger la audición?" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/ninos-preadolescentes/como-proteger-tu-audicion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Dónde está el ruido?" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/ninos-preadolescentes/donde-esta-el-ruido">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué debemos enseñar a los niños sobre la pérdida de audición causada por el ruido?" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/espanol/padres/ninos-habitos-audicion-saludable/porque-ensenar-ninos-perdida-audicion-inducida-ruido">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="People in rural, remote areas can face different health issues than people living in towns and cities, such as even being able to get health care." title="Rural Health Concerns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ruralhealthconcerns.html" id="3698" language="English" date-created="01/20/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Around 15% of people in the United States live in rural areas. There are many different reasons why you might choose to live in a rural community. You may want a lower cost of living and a slower pace of life. You may enjoy having access to big, open spaces for recreation. Rural areas are less crowded and can offer more privacy. You may choose a rural area so that you can live near your family and friends.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;But there are also challenges to living in a rural area, including when it comes to taking care of your health.  Compared to urban areas, rural communities tend to have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Higher poverty rates.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A higher percentage of older adults, who are more likely to have chronic health problems.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More residents without health insurance.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Less access to health care. For example, clinics and hospitals may be far away.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Higher rates of certain substance use, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;cigarette smoking&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioid&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html"&gt;methamphetamine&lt;/a&gt; misuse.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Higher rates of chronic health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More exposure to environmental hazards, such as chemicals used for farming.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are solutions to deal with these problems. A few examples include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clinics offering &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html"&gt;telehealth&lt;/a&gt; to provide care for people who live far away from specialists or can't easily get to their providers' offices.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Local public health agencies working with their communities to promote healthy living. They can provide wellness and exercise classes and start a farmer's market.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Local governments adding bike lanes and trails to encourage people to bike and walk.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rural schools can offer counseling and mental health services for their students.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ruralhealthconcerns.html" id="3699" language="Spanish">Salud rural</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019035">Rural Health Services</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012424">Rural Population</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012423">Rural Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ruralhealthconcerns.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" id="7467">Telehealth</related-topic>
<site title="Community Supports for Rural Aging in Place and Independent Living" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/community-living">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Critical Access Hospitals (CAH)" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/critical-access-hospitals">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health in Rural America: Connecting to Care" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/health-rural-america" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-salud-en-las-zonas-rurales-de-los-ee-uu">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HRSA: Find a Health Center" url="https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Health in Rural Communities" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/oral-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Health Concerns" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Rural+Health+Services%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Rural+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Rural+Population%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rural Agricultural Health and Safety" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/agricultural-health-and-safety">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Trauma" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/emergency-medical-services">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Health Clinics (RHCs)" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/rural-health-clinics">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Health Disparities" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/rural-health-disparities">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Health Policy" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/rural-health-policy">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rural Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Toolkit" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use and Misuse in Rural Areas" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/substance-use">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Violence and Abuse in Rural America" url="https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/violence-and-abuse">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Rural Health Information Hub</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Rural?" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/rural-development-communities/what-is-rural">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Rural Information Center</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Opioids are strong pain relievers. People who take them are at risk for opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose. These risks increase when opioids are misused." title="Safe Opioid Use" url="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html" id="7127" language="English" date-created="08/27/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are opioids?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html"&gt;heroin&lt;/a&gt; is also an opioid.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, people who take opioids are at risk for &lt;a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431"&gt;opioid use disorder (OUD)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;overdose&lt;/a&gt;. These risks increase when opioids are misused. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;Misuse&lt;/a&gt; can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know if I need to take opioid medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;First, you need to talk with your provider about whether you need to take opioids. You should discuss:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether there are other medicines or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html"&gt;therapies&lt;/a&gt; that might treat your pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The risks and benefits of taking opioids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your medical history and if you or anyone in your family has a history of substance misuse, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drug addiction&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120"&gt;alcohol use disorder (AUD)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Any other medicines and supplements you are taking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How much alcohol you drink&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What do I need to know if I am going to take opioid medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you and your provider decide that you need to take opioids, make sure that you understand:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How to take the medicine - how much and how often.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How long you will need to take the medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What the possible side effects are.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How you should stop the medicines when you no longer need them. If you have been taking opioids for a while, it can be dangerous to just stop suddenly. You may need to get off the medicines slowly.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What the warning signs of addiction are, so you can watch for them. They include:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Regularly taking more medicine than you are supposed to&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Taking someone else's opioids&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Taking the medicine to get high&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Mood swings, depression, and/or anxiety&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Needing too much or too little sleep&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Trouble making decisions&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Feeling high or sedated&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a high risk for an overdose, you will want to get naloxone from a pharmacy and carry it with with you wherever you go. Naloxone is a medicine that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I take my opioid medicine safely?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You should always be careful when taking any medicine, but you need to take extra care when taking opioids:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take your medicine exactly as prescribed - do not take extra doses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check the instructions every time you take a dose.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do not break, chew, crush, or dissolve opioid pills.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Opioids can cause drowsiness. Do not drive or use any machinery that may injure you, especially when you first start the medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contact your provider if you have side effects.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you can, use the same pharmacy for all your medicines. The pharmacy's computer system will alert the pharmacist if you are taking two or more medicines that could cause a dangerous interaction.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I safely store and dispose opioid medicines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is important to store and dispose of opioid medicines properly:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Store your opioids and other medicines in a safe place.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have children at home, it's a good idea to store your medicines in a lockbox. Even one accidental dose of an opioid pain medicine meant for an adult can cause a fatal overdose in a child. Also, someone who lives with you or visits your house may look for and steal your opioid medicines to take or sell them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you travel, carry the current bottle of opioids with you for safety.&lt;/strong&gt; This will help you answer any questions about your medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dispose of your unused medicine properly.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have unused opioid medicines at the end of your treatment, you can get rid of them by:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Finding a local drug take-back program&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Finding a pharmacy mail-back program&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;In some cases, flushing them down the toilet - check the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) web site to find out which ones you can flush away&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Never sell or share your medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; Your prescription is for you. Your health care provider considers many factors when prescribing opioids. What's safe for you might lead to an overdose for someone else.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If someone steals your opioid medicines or prescription, report the theft to the police.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html" id="7128" language="Spanish">Uso seguro de opioides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063487">Prescription Drug Misuse</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000517">prevention &amp; control</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D062787">Drug Overdose</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000517">prevention &amp; control</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<site title="How Naloxone Saves Lives in Opioid Overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioid Testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/opioid-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-opiaceos/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Opioid Misuse" url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/prevention/preventing-opioid-misuse.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safe Use, Storage, and Disposal of Opioid Drugs" url="https://familydoctor.org/safe-use-storage-and-disposal-of-opioid-drugs/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/uso-almacenamiento-y-desecho-seguro-de-medicamentos-opioides/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Prescription Opioid Pain Medicines Safely (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/opioid-prescription-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/opioid-prescription-safety.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Opioids and Why Are They Dangerous?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/expert-answers/what-are-opioids/faq-20381270?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/expert-answers/what-are-opioids/faq-20381270?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Ask Your Doctor before Taking Opioids" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-ask-your-doctor-taking-opioids" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-preguntar-su-medico-antes-de-tomar-opiaceos">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You cannot remove all the safety hazards from life, but you can reduce them. Learn how to avoid many major hazards and prepare for emergencies." title="Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/safety.html" id="485" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<also-called>Accident prevention</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You can't remove all the safety hazards from your life, but you can reduce them. To avoid many major hazards and prepare for emergencies:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Keep emergency phone numbers by your telephones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Make a first aid kit for your home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Make a family emergency plan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Install and maintain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firesafety.html"&gt;smoke&lt;/a&gt; alarms and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;carbon monoxide&lt;/a&gt; detectors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Keep guns unloaded and locked up. Lock up the ammunition separately. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Follow the directions carefully when using tools or equipment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Young &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt; are especially at risk.  Supervision is the best way to keep them safe. Childproofing the house can also help.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safety.html" id="2131" language="Spanish">Seguridad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012449">Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/safety.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<see-reference>Accident Prevention</see-reference>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Safety: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guns in the Home: How to Keep Kids Safe" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Handguns-in-the-Home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/handguns-in-the-home.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home Electrical Safety Checklist" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/513.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Household Safety: Electrical, Heating, and Cooling Systems" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-electric.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumer product safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Safety%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety for Older Consumers: Home Safety Checklist" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/701.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Staying safe at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000924.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Salivary glands empty saliva into your mouth. Salivary gland cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer. Learn about the associated symptoms." title="Salivary Gland Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5331" language="English" date-created="12/22/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your salivary glands make saliva - sometimes called spit - and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Salivary gland cancer is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;head and neck cancer&lt;/a&gt;. It is rare. It may not cause any symptoms, or you could notice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in your ear, cheek, jaw, lip, or inside the mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fluid draining from your ear&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble swallowing or opening the mouth widely&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness, weakness, or pain in your face&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose salivary gland cancer using a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy. Treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5332" language="Spanish">Cáncer de la glándulas salivales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012468">Salivary Gland Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="388">Salivary Gland Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Parotid Gland Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Salivary Gland Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-glandula-salival-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Salivary Gland Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Salivary+Gland+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Salivary Gland Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-glandulas-salivales-pdq?redirect=true#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Salivary Gland Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/salivary-gland-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salivary Gland Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Salivary+Gland+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Salivary Gland Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/salivary-gland-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Saliva &amp; Salivary Gland Disorders" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/saliva-salivary-gland-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/saliva-trastornos-glandulas-salivales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salivary gland biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003847.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salivary Gland Cancer Tests" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/salivary-gland-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salivary gland tumors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001040.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sialogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003812.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Salivary Gland Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq#_45">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Salivary Gland Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/salivary-gland-cancer/about/what-is-salivary-gland-cancer.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Salivary Gland Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/salivary-gland-cancer/about/new-treatments.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Salivary gland disorders may affect your ability to make saliva. Read about some of the causes of irritated and swollen glands such as mumps." title="Salivary Gland Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="388" language="English" date-created="12/13/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your salivary glands are in your mouth. You have three pairs of major salivary glands and hundreds of small (minor) glands. They make saliva (spit) and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Problems with salivary glands can cause them to become irritated and swollen. You may have symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A bad taste in your mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty opening your mouth &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;Dry mouth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in your face or mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swelling of your face or neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;. Problems can also be due to other disorders, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html"&gt;mumps&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html"&gt;Sjogren's syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html" id="2132" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012466">Salivary Gland Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html" id="5798">Dry Mouth</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html" id="334">Mumps</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html" id="5331">Salivary Gland Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="918">Sjogren's Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Parotid Gland Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Parotid Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Parotid+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Salivary Gland Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Salivary+Gland+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drooling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003048.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Dryness or Thick Saliva" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salivary Gland Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Salivary+Gland+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Salivary duct stones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001039.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salivary gland biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003847.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salivary gland infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001041.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001041.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salivary gland tumors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001040.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sialogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003812.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003812.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spit Happens: The Surprising Importance of Saliva" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/01/spit-happens" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-sorpresa-que-le-hara-salivar">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's Spit?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/spit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/spit.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Salmonella is a group of bacteria that is a common cause of foodborne illness. Learn the symptoms. Know when to, and who should see a doctor." title="Salmonella Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html" id="1213" language="English" date-created="02/22/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is a common cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;foodborne illness&lt;/a&gt;.  
Salmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. You also can get infected after handling pets, especially reptiles like snakes, turtles, and lizards.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;Diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abdominal cramps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Possible &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea, vomiting&lt;/a&gt;, and loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms usually last 4-7 days. Your health care provider diagnoses the infection with a stool test. Most people get better without treatment.  Infection can be more serious in older adults, infants, and people with chronic health problems. If Salmonella gets into the bloodstream, it can be serious.  The usual treatment is antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Typhoid fever, a more serious disease caused by Salmonella, is not common in the United States. It frequently occurs in developing countries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html" id="2133" language="Spanish">Infecciones por salmonela</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012480">Salmonella Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/salmonellainfections.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<see-reference>Typhoid Fever</see-reference>
<site title="Backyard Poultry" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/backyard-poultry.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Salmonella Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Salmonella+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Typhoid Fever" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Typhoid+Fever%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collecting a Stool Sample for Testing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enjoying Homemade Ice Cream without the Risk of Salmonella Infection" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/enjoying-homemade-ice-cream-without-risk-salmonella-infection">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="FoodSafety.gov" url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Novel Structure and Function of Typhoid Toxin" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/novel-structure-function-typhoid-toxin">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Salmonella+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reptiles and Amphibians" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/reptiles-and-amphibians.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella" url="https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/diagnosis.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella enterocolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000294.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella Infections (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/salmonellosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/salmonellosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella Questions and Answers" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/pathogens/salmonella-questions-and-answers" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/enfermedades-por-alimentos/salmonella-preguntas-y-respuestas/salmonella-preguntas-y-respuestas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salmonella: Dry Pet Foods and Pet Treats (FAQ)" url="https://www.avma.org/salmonella-dry-pet-foods-and-pet-treats-faq">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Veterinary Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shell Eggs from Farm to Table" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/eggs/shell-eggs-farm-table" language-mapped-url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/informational/en-espanol/hojasinformativas/preparacion-productos-de-huevos/huevos-en-cascaron">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stool Tests" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Typhoid fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001332.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Typhoid Fever" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/atlas/typhoid-fever?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Typhoid Vaccine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/typhoid.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_typhoid.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen algunos peligros ocultos en el ambiente que pueden afectar su salud. Entérese sobre salud ambiental, riesgos naturales y provocados por el hombre." title="Salud ambiental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/environmentalhealth.html" id="1887" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Medio ambiente y usted</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El  medio ambiente afecta nuestra salud. Si algunas partes del medio ambiente, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html"&gt;aire&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html"&gt;agua&lt;/a&gt; o la tierra, se contaminan, puede causar problemas de salud. Por ejemplo, contaminantes y otras sustancias químicas en el aire o en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html"&gt;hogar&lt;/a&gt; pueden desencadenar crisis de asma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos riesgos ambientales son parte del mundo natural, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html"&gt;radón&lt;/a&gt; en la tierra. Otros son resultado de actividades humanas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;intoxicación por plomo&lt;/a&gt; en la pintura o la exposición al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html"&gt;asbesto&lt;/a&gt; o al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html"&gt;mercurio&lt;/a&gt; por su uso en la minería e industrias.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/environmentalhealth.html" id="521" language="English">Environmental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIEHS">Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html" id="1867">Agua potable</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electromagneticfields.html" id="1883">Campos electromagnéticos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html" id="1973">Contaminación de interiores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html" id="3173">Contaminación del agua</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html" id="1730">Contaminación del aire</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oilspills.html" id="5555">Derrame de petróleo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html" id="2116">Exposición a la radiación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html" id="2037">Moho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html" id="2085">Pesticidas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html" id="2055">Ruido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html" id="2061">Salud ocupacional</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ambiente, Salud del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cambio del clima</see-reference>
<see-reference>Climático, Cambio</see-reference>
<see-reference>Medioambiente, Salud del</see-reference>
<site title="Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE. UU." url="https://espanol.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ambientes saludables para los niños" url="https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/libro-actividades-monica-ambientes-saludables-para-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/en/documents/activity-book-monicas-gang-healthy-environments-kids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ATSDR en español" url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo proteger a los niños de los riesgos ambientales" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/como-proteger-los-ninos-de-los-riesgos-ambientales" language-mapped-url="https://www2.epa.gov/children/what-you-can-do-protect-children-environmental-risks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades provocadas por el ambiente de A a Z" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/medio_ambiente_y_salud_de_la_a_a_la_z_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Materiales peligrosos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000457.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medioambiente y su salud" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/el-medioambiente-y-su-salud">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peligros ambientales sobrecargan el corazón" url="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P1001BKF.PDF">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Persistencia de los plásticos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-persistencia-de-los-plasticos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/03/persistence-plastics">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reciclaje" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/el-reciclaje">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Website de educación de ciencias de la salud del medioambiente" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Demasiado ruidoso y demasiado brillante! Efectos de la contaminación acústica y lumínica en su salud" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/demasiado-ruidoso-y-demasiado-brillante" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/too-loud-and-too-bright">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las familias del personal militar y veteranos de guerra se enfrentan a problemas específicos de salud. Entérese sobre estos asuntos en nuestra página. " title="Salud de la familia del veterano y personal militar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryfamilyhealth.html" id="4884" language="Spanish" date-created="12/15/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos pueden enfrentar problemas de salud diferentes a los de la población civil. Sus familias también pueden enfrentar algunos desafíos únicos incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar separados de sus seres queridos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preocuparse por la seguridad de sus seres queridos en zonas de combate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sobrellevar la situación como padre o madre soltero/a mientras su pareja esté desplegada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener que mudarse con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a su ser querido a lidiar con enfermedades y lesiones causadas por el combate, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidades&lt;/a&gt;. Esto puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html"&gt;estrés del cuidador&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a su ser querido a afrontar los efectos del servicio militar en la salud mental. Estos podrían incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099"&gt;trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hacer frente a estos desafíos puede ser difícil. Algunas posibles fuentes de ayuda incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener apoyo de su familia y comunidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilizar programas militares de alcance, que ayudan a las familias a sentirse menos aisladas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consejería profesional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryfamilyhealth.html" id="4883" language="English">Veterans and Military Family Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="2220">Salud del veterano y personal militar</related-topic>
<see-reference>Militar, Salud de la familia del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veterano, Salud de la familia del</see-reference>
<site title="Ayudar al veterano para que reciba la atención necesaria" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/help_veteran_care_sp.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejería póstuma" url="https://www.vetcenter.va.gov/Espanol/Consejeria_Postuma.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a un familiar que tiene TEPT" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/family/help_family_member_sp.asp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="De qué manera el estrés de una movilización puede afectar a las familias" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/family/deployment_stress_sp.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos del TEPT sobre la familia" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/family/effects_ptsd_family_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/family/effect_families.asp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil y cómo ayudar" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/entendamos-el-estres-traumatico-infantil-y-como-ayudar" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/child-trauma/understanding-child-trauma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familias en el servicio militar" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Familias-en-el-Servicio-Militar-088.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Families-In-The-Military-088.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Mantener la salud de su mascota es su responsabilidad. Entérese cuáles son las señales que indican que su mascota puede tener problemas de salud. " title="Salud de las mascotas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pethealth.html" id="2086" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las mascotas pueden agregarle diversión, compañía y una sensación de seguridad a su vida. Antes de adquirir una mascota, piense cuidadosamente acerca de qué animal es el mejor para su familia. ¿Qué es lo que cada integrante de la familia busca en una mascota? ¿Quién va a cuidarla? ¿Alguna persona en la casa es alérgica a los animales? ¿Qué tipo de animal se ajusta a su estilo de vida y presupuesto?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando ya tenga una mascota, manténgala sana. Aprenda a reconocer los signos de problemas médicos. Lleve a su mascota al veterinario si observa:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumo excesivo de agua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumento o pérdida de peso en forma rápida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comportamiento fuera de lo común&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio y pereza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para levantarse o acostarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abultamientos extraños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pethealth.html" id="1399" language="English">Pet Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animaldiseasesandyourhealth.html" id="4056">Enfermedades de los animales y su salud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html" id="3230">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html" id="2115">Rabia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Animales domésticos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mascotas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veterianaria</see-reference>
<site title="Almacene adecuadamente los medicamentos para mantener a su mascota segura" url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/almacene-adecuadamente-los-medicamentos-para-mantener-su-mascota-segura">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artículos potencialmente peligrosos para su mascota" url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/articulos-potencialmente-peligrosos-para-su-mascota" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/potentially-dangerous-items-your-pet">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las garrapatas en las mascotas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-garrapatas-en-las-mascotas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/preventing-ticks-on-pets.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar un veterinario" url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/LR_COM_ClientBroch_ChoosingaVet_Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/choosing_vet_brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar la enfermedad de Cushing en los perros" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-tratar-la-enfermedad-de-cushing-en-los-perros" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-cushings-disease-dogs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Errores de medicación también ocurren en las mascotas" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-errores-de-medicacion-tambien-ocurren-en-las-mascotas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/medication-errors-happen-pets-too">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Humo de segunda mano (y el humo que se impregna en los objetos) puede enfermar a su mascota" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-humo-de-segunda-mano-y-el-humo-que-se-impregna-en-los-objetos-puede-enfermar-su-mascota">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y la persona inmunocomprometida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003967.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y parásitos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/mascotas-y-parasitos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/pets-and-parasites/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para su mascota: ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre los medicamentos aprobados por la FDA y los preparados en farmacia?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/medicamentos-para-su-mascota-cual-es-la-diferencia-entre-los-medicamentos-aprobados-por-la-fda-y-los" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/medicines-your-pet-whats-difference-between-fda-approved-pharmacy-compounded-drugs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mi perro tiene cáncer. ¿Qué necesito saber?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mi-perro-tiene-cancer-que-necesito-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/my-dog-has-cancer-what-do-i-need-know">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peligros en el hogar (mascotas)" url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/LR_COM_ClientBroch_HouseholdHazards_SPANISH_0516.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/mcm-client-brochures-household-hazards-2022.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perro bueno, alimento malo: Alimentos para las personas que son malos para su perro" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/perro-bueno-alimento-malo-alimentos-para-las-personas-que-son-malos-para-su-perro">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poder de las mascotas: Beneficios para la salud por interacciones entre humanos y animales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-de-las-mascotas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/02/power-pets">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de mordeduras de perros" url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/LR_COM_ClientBroch_DogBitePrevention_Spanish_022616.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/Files/ProductDownloads/mcm-client-brochures-21-dog-bite-prevention.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteja a su mascota de los parásitos del corazón durante todo el año" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/proteja-su-mascota-de-los-parasitos-del-corazon-durante-todo-el-ano" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ounce-prevention-worth-pound-cure-protect-your-pet-heartworms-year-round">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulgas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001329.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso seguro de los productos para eliminar pulgas y garrapatas en las mascotas" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/uso-seguro-de-los-productos-para-eliminar-pulgas-y-garrapatas-en-las-mascotas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunar a su mascota" url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/LR_COM_ClientBrochure_VaccinationsSpanish_041516.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/mcm-client-brochures-vaccinations-2022.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Xilitol es peligroso para los perros, manténgalo fuera de su alcance" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-xilitol-es-peligroso-para-los-perros-mantengalo-fuera-de-su-alcance" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Mantenga a los parásitos fuera del corazón de su mascota! Información sobre la enfermedad del parásito del corazón" url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/mantenga-los-parasitos-fuera-del-corazon-de-su-mascota-informacion-sobre-la-enfermedad-del-parasito" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/keep-worms-out-your-pets-heart-facts-about-heartworm-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene mi perro o gato un peso saludable?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tiene-mi-perro-o-gato-un-peso-saludable-preguntas-importantes-que-debe-hacer-al-veterinario">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Tiene preguntas sobre la salud de su mascota?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tiene-preguntas-sobre-la-salud-de-su-mascota">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las mujeres tienen problemas de salud únicos. La atención preventiva y pruebas de detección pueden ayudar a dismunuir el riesgo de ciertas enfermedades, encontrar problemas a tiempo y mejorar resultados" title="Salud de las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealth.html" id="2230" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las mujeres tienen problemas de salud únicos. Y algunos de los problemas de salud que afectan a hombres y mujeres pueden afectar a estas últimas de manera diferente. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Temas únicos incluyen el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt; y las afecciones de los órganos femeninos. Las mujeres pueden tener un embarazo saludable si reciben &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;cuidado prenatal&lt;/a&gt; temprano y regular. También deben hacerse las pruebas recomendadas para el cáncer de mama, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;cervical&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"&gt;densidad ósea&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mujeres y hombres también tienen muchos problemas de salud similares. Sin embargo, estos problemas pueden afectar a las mujeres de manera diferente. Por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de morir a causa de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt; que los hombres &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de mostrar signos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; que los hombres &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Los efectos de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) pueden ser más graves en las mujeres. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;osteoartritis&lt;/a&gt; afecta más a las mujeres que a los hombres &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealth.html" id="462" language="English">Women's Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ORWH">Oficina de los NIH para Investigaciones sobre la Salud de la Mujer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5322">Chequeo médico de la mujer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html" id="1787">Enfermedades del seno</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214">Enfermedades del útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" id="2032">Menopausia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1900">Problemas sexuales en las mujeres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html" id="2124">Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mujer, Salud de la</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentación saludable" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concientización sobre el cáncer ginecológico" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/gynecologic-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/gynecologic-cancer.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento saludable" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/blog/category/healthy-aging" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/blog/category/healthy-aging">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imagen corporal" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health/body-image" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted puede hacer para mantener su salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-mantener-su-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-you-can-do-to-maintain-your-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/mujer.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/healthy-women.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/women50sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/women-over-50.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y el alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/las-mujeres-y-el-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/women-and-alcohol">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud cardíaca" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/salud-cardiaca-heart-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/heart-health-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007458.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios preventivos de salud para mujeres" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/preventive-care-women/" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthcare.gov/preventive-care-women/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexo y género: Cómo el ser hombre o mujer puede afectar su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sexo-y-genero" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/05/sex-gender">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vello excesivo o indeseado en las mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007622.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los adultos mayores tienen problemas de salud propios del envejecimiento. Un estilo de vida sano puede ayudar a enfrentar los cambios del envejecimiento. " title="Salud de las personas mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cuestiones de salud al envejecer</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas de salud de las personas mayores</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las personas en Estados Unidos están viviendo más años que antes. Muchas personas mayores viven saludablemente  y tienen vidas activas. Pero no hay manera de evitarlo: cuando envejecemos, nuestros cuerpos y mentes cambian. Es importante saber qué esperar. Algunos cambios son normales al envejecer, mientras que otros pueden ser una señal de un problema de salud. Es importante reconocer la diferencia y hablar con su proveedor de cuidados de salud si usted tiene alguna inquietud. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un estilo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html"&gt;vida sano&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudarlo a enfrentar los cambios normales del envejecimiento y disfrutar de su vida a pleno. Esto incluye &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html"&gt;alimentarse sanamente&lt;/a&gt;, hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt; y hacer de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html"&gt;salud mental&lt;/a&gt; una prioridad.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadulthealth.html" id="21" language="English">Older Adult Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html" id="1844">Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html" id="4152">Directivas médicas por adelantado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1891">Ejercicio para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html" id="5705">Envejecer saludablemente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html" id="2027">Medicare</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html" id="2247">Nutrición para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html" id="2232">Proveedor de atención al paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html" id="2265">Residencias con atención personalizada</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html" id="2057">Residencias para personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html" id="2260">Servicios de atención médica a domicilio</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ancianos, Problemas de salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Envejecimiento</see-reference>
<see-reference>Personas mayores, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vejez</see-reference>
<site title="Adultos mayores y el uso seguro de los medicamentos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/medicinas/adultos-mayores-uso-seguro-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medicines-and-medication-management/taking-medicines-safely-you-age">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Buena salud mental no tiene edad" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma15-3897.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambios corporales relacionados con el envejecimiento" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-de-las-personas-de-edad-avanzada/envejecimiento-del-organismo/cambios-corporales-relacionados-con-el-envejecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/older-people%E2%80%99s-health-issues/the-aging-body/changes-in-the-body-with-aging">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el aparato reproductor femenino con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004016.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el aparato reproductor masculino por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004017.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el cabello y en las uñas con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004005.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004006.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el sistema inmunitario con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004008.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el sistema nervioso con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004023.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en el sueño por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004018.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en huesos, músculos y articulaciones por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004015.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la figura corporal con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003998.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en la producción hormonal por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004000.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004000.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los pulmones con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004011.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los riñones y en la vejiga con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004010.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los sentidos con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004013.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en los signos vitales con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004019.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios en órganos, tejidos y células por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004012.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambios faciales con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004004.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conductores de la tercera edad" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/conduccion-automoviles/conductores-tercera-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/safe-driving-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambian los sentidos del olfato y del sabor a medida que envejece" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/boca/como-cambian-sentidos-olfato-sabor-medida-envejece" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/how-smell-and-taste-change-you-age">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Datos factuales sobre el envejecimiento y el alcohol" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alcohol/datos-factuales-sobre-envejecimiento-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alcohol-misuse-or-alcohol-use-disorder/facts-about-aging-and-alcohol">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en adultos mayores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-en-adultos-mayores/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dormir bien" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dormir/dormir-bien" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sleep/good-nights-sleep">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento de la piel: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento y los ojos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Envejecimiento: Qué esperar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/aging/art-20046070?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/aging/art-20046070?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 65 años en adelante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007466.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para mujeres de 40 a 64 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007467.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para mujeres de 65 años en adelante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007463.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hacer ejercicio con enfermedades crónicas" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/hacer-ejercicio-enfermedades-cronicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/exercising-chronic-conditions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipertermia" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/hipertermia/hipertermia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/hot-weather-safety-older-adults">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia relacionada con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001045.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormona del crecimiento humana: ¿Hace más lento el envejecimiento?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos saludables a partir de los 60 años de edad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/habitos-saludables-partir-de-los-60-anos-de-edad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/seniors/staying-healthy/good-health-habits-at-age-60-and-beyond.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantener la salud cognitiva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/una-mente-bien-envejecida" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/10/well-aged-mind">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición para personas mayores: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforseniors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforseniors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ojos envejecidos: Cómo ve al pasar el tiempo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sus-ojos-envejecidos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/your-aging-eyes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de alojamiento para personas de la tercera edad" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/opciones-de-alojamiento-para-personas-de-la-tercera-edad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/housing-options-for-seniors/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas mayores y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenga las caídas y fracturas" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/caida/prevenga-caidas-fracturas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/falls-and-falls-prevention/falls-and-fractures-older-adults-causes-and-prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proteínas sanguíneas cambian a lo largo de la vida" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-proteinas-sanguineas-cambian-a-lo-largo-de-la-vida">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para los adultos mayores" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-older-adults">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental de las personas mayores: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexualidad en la edad avanzada" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/sexualidad/sexualidad-edad-avanzada" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/sexuality-and-intimacy-older-adults">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Significado de los cambios en la próstata: Guía de salud para los hombres" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tendencia a la formación de hematomas: Frecuente a medida que envejece" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con testosterona: Posibles beneficios y riesgos conforme envejeces" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacúnate para proteger tu salud (personas adultas de 50 años o más)" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/vacunas/vacunate-proteger-tu-salud-personas-adultas-50-anos-o">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo deben dejar de conducir los adultos mayores?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dejar-de-apretar-el-acelerador" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/10/taking-pedal-metal">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/dmre-degeneracion-macular-relacionada-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/amd-macular-degeneration">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La adolescencia es una época de muchos cambios, sobre todo en la imagen corporal. Entérese sobre  hábitos saludables y prevención de enfermedades." title="Salud de los adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html" id="2241" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<also-called>Salud del adolescente</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;En la adolescencia pasas por muchos cambios. Tu cuerpo está en camino para alcanzar su tamaño adulto. Puedes notar que no te entran tus zapatos viejos o que los pantalones te quedan siete centímetros más cortos. Además de estos cambios, probablemente te estás haciendo más independiente y tomando más decisiones propias. Algunas de las decisiones más importantes que enfrentas se relacionan con tu salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los hábitos saludables, incluyendo una alimentación nutritiva y la actividad física, pueden ayudarte a sentirte bien, verte bien y a esforzarte en la escuela, el trabajo o los deportes. También pueden prevenir enfermedades como la diabetes, la hipertensión arterial, las enfermedades cardiacas, la osteoporosis, los derrames cerebrales y algunos cánceres cuando seas mayor.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenhealth.html" id="609" language="English">Teen Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html" id="2185">Desarrollo del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html" id="2189">Embarazo de adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638">Salud mental del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186">Salud sexual del adolescente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescentes, Salud de los</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescente" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescentes y el sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescentes y estrés: ¿Quién tiene tiempo para eso?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/adolescentes-y-estres-quien-tiene-tiempo-para-eso/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/teens-and-stress-who-has-time-for-it/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescentes: Riesgos para la salud y soluciones" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol y menores de edad: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos básicos de la higiene" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hygiene-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hygiene-basics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención médica y su hijo de 13 a 18 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-13-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-13-18.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculadora del percentil del IMC en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consulta con un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control de peso" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dar voz a los adolescentes en las decisiones relacionadas con su asistencia sanitaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/teen-health-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teen-health-care.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio físico compulsivo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/compulsive-exercise.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios fáciles para adolescentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/easy-exercises.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/easy-exercises.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entender los medicamentos: Qué son y para qué sirven" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides: ¿Vale la pena el riesgo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/steroids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/steroids.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploraciones testiculares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes ginecológicos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fumar y los jóvenes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genes y genética" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/genes-genetic-disorders.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gérmenes: Bacterias, virus, hongos y protozoos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/care-about-germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/care-about-germs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu médico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tus padres u otros adultos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-to-parents.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-to-parents.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imagen corporal y autoestima" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información para adolescentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meditación" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/meditacion/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud sexual del adolescente: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triada de la atleta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/triad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/triad.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu primer exámen pélvico" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/examen-pelvico/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pelvic-exam/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para preadolescentes y adolescentes" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020-spa.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es el peso adecuado para mi altura?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-height.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-height.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuánto necesito dormir?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/how-much-sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/how-much-sleep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Entérese sobre los problemas de salud que afectan a los afroamericanos. " title="Salud de los afroamericanos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blackandafricanamericanhealth.html" id="1725" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores genéticos &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Factores ambientales &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;		Acceso a la atención médica&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;		Factores culturales &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En esta página encontrará enlaces para los problemas de salud que afectan a las personas afroamericanas.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blackandafricanamericanhealth.html" id="162" language="English">Black and African American Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCMHD">Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Afroamericanos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<site title="Consejos de exfumadores: Afroamericanos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/afroamericanos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cualquier persona puede padecer cáncer de piel" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/cualquiera-padecer-cancer-piel" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/anyone-can-get-skin-cancer">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mejorar los resultados de las mujeres afroamericanas con cáncer de seno" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mejorar-los-resultados-de-las-mujeres-afroamericanas-con-cancer-de-seno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/improving-outcomes-for-african-american-women-with-breast-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de células falciformes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Es natural: Amor materno, leche materna" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/its-only-natural" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/its-only-natural">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal sueño está relacionado con un mayor nivel de azúcar en sangre" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-mal-sueno-esta-relacionado-con-un-mayor-nivel-de-azucar">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Se identifican desigualdades en supervivencia de jóvenes afroamericanos con cáncer colorrectal" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2016/colorrectal-supervivencia-desigualdades">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis y las personas de raza negra o afroamericanas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/populations/tbinafricanamericans/default.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/health-equity/black-or-african-american-persons.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Entérese sobre los problemas de salud que afectan a los asiáticoamericanos." title="Salud de los asiáticoamericanos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asianamericanhealth.html" id="1759" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Salud de los asiático-americanos</also-called>
<also-called>Salud de los asiáticos en Estados Unidos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar debido a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores genéticos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores ambientales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Acceso a la atención médica &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores culturales &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En esta página encontrará enlaces para los problemas de salud que afectan a los asiáticoamericanos.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/asianamericanhealth.html" id="150" language="English">Asian American Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCMHD">Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Asiáticoamericanos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kawasaki.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kawasaki.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Labio leporino y hendidura del paladar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Entérese sobre los temas de salud que más afectan a los hispanos y latinos." title="Salud de los hispanos y latinos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latinoandhispanicamericanhealth.html" id="1958" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Salud de los hispanoamericanos</also-called>
<also-called>Salud de los hispanos</also-called>
<also-called>Salud de los latinoamericanos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores genéticos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores del medio ambiente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Acceso a la atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores culturales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En esta página encontrará enlaces sobre los problemas de salud que afectan a los hispanos y latinos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/latinoandhispanicamericanhealth.html" id="288" language="English">Latino and Hispanic American Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCMHD">Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hispanoamericanos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hispanos, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Latinoamericanos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Latinos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud de los hispanoamericanos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud de los latinos</see-reference>
<site title="Asma entre los jóvenes que residen en granjas operadas por hispanos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-158_sp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatías en mujeres hispanas" url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/es/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-hispanic-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos y estadísticas sobre el cáncer entre los hispanos/latinos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/investigacion/datos-y-estadisticas-del-cancer/datos-y-estadisticas-sobre-el-cancer-entre-los-hispanos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/hispanics-latinos-facts-figures.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad diabética del ojo en los hispanos/latinos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/nehep-pdfs/NEI_OjoInfographic_Span.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glaucoma en los hispanos/latinos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/nehep-pdfs/NEHEP_Glaucoma_in_Hispanics_Infographic_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Más vale prevenir que lamentar: Una guía para la salud del corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/resources/heart/foto_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perfil de los hispanos/latinos" url="https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/es/perfil-de-los-hispanoslatinos">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos, Oficina de Salud de las Minorías</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental en la comunidad latina" url="https://www.nami.org/Your-Journey/Identity-and-Cultural-Dimensions/Hispanic-Latinx/La-salud-mental-en-la-comunidad-latina/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental: Una guía para latinos y sus familias" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOWbQ2w4nGc">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Platillos latinos sabrosos y saludables! / Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/sp_recip.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
<standard-description>En inglés y español</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchos hombres necesitan prestar más atención a su salud. Una atención preventiva y hacerse pruebas de detección puede ayudar a reducir los riesgos, detectar problemas antes y mejorar los resultados" title="Salud de los hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menshealth.html" id="2030" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los hombres tienen que prestar más atención a su salud. En comparación con las mujeres, los hombres son más propensos a:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fumar y beber&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar decisiones poco saludables o riesgosas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Retrasar chequeos regulares y atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También hay afecciones de salud que afectan solamente a los hombres, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html"&gt;cáncer de próstata&lt;/a&gt; y bajos niveles de testosterona. Muchos de los principales riesgos de salud que enfrentan los hombres, como el de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer del colon&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardiacas&lt;/a&gt;, pueden prevenirse y tratarse con un diagnóstico anticipado. Pruebas de diagnóstico pueden determinar enfermedades en forma temprana, cuando es más fácil tratarlas. Es importante someterse con regularidad a los exámenes médicos necesarios.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html" id="322" language="English">Men's Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html" id="2110">Cáncer de próstata</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html" id="2191">Cáncer de testículo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html" id="1972">Disfunción eréctil</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html" id="2111">Enfermedades de la próstata</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html" id="2020">Enfermedades del pene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html" id="5657">Infertilidad en el hombre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5572">Problemas sexuales en los hombres</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hombres, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Varón, Salud del</see-reference>
<site title="Cambios en el aparato reproductor masculino por el envejecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004017.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el nivel bajo de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003707_88.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003707_27.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre las pruebas de detección para hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/007465_79.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/007465_19.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer y los hombres" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-and-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-and-men.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 18 a 39 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007464.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 40 a 64 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007465.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes de salud para hombres de 65 años en adelante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007466.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/hombre.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/healthy-men.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/hombre50.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://archive.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/men-over-50.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombres deben tomar las riendas de su salud" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/chequeos-periodicos/hombres-tomen-control-su-salud" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/regular-checkups/men-take-charge-your-health">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombres: Coman bien, manténganse saludables" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/hombres-coman-bien-mantenganse-saludables/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/men-eat-right-stay-healthy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis en los hombres" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/health-topics/la-osteoporosis-en-los-hombres" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoporosis-men">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud del hombre: Grasa abdominal no es un juego" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/belly-fat/art-20045685?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud reproductiva masculina" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexo y género: Cómo el ser hombre o mujer puede afectar su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sexo-y-genero" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/05/sex-gender">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Significado de los cambios en la próstata: Guía de salud para los hombres" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/prostata/significado-cambios-en-la-prostata" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/understanding-prostate-changes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia con testosterona: Posibles beneficios y riesgos conforme envejeces" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003707.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003707.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Podría usted tener un nivel bajo testosterona?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000722.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Entérese sobre la salud de los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska." title="Salud de los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/americanindianandalaskanativehealth.html" id="2047" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar debido a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores genéticos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores del medio ambiente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Acceso a la atención médica &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Factores culturales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En esta página encontrará enlaces para los problemas de salud que afectan a los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/americanindianandalaskanativehealth.html" id="337" language="English">American Indian and Alaska Native Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCMHD">Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Alaska, Nativos de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Indios norteamericanos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud de la tribu</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud de las personas nativas de Alaska</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud de los habitantes del Ártico</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tribu, Salud de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ártico, Salud de los habitantes del</see-reference>
<site title="Consejos para exfumadores: Personas indígenas de los Estados Unidos y nativas de Alaska" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/indoamericanos-o-nativos-de-alaska.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer y las personas indoamericanas y nativas de Alaska" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/health-equity/american-indian-alaska-native.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/health-equity/american-indian-alaska-native.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentra ayuda para problemas de salud mental, drogas o alcohol si eres miembro o descendiente de una tribu indígena americana o nativa de Alaska reconocida federalmente" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/encuentra-apoyo/cuidado-salud-apoyo/profesional-programa/indio-americano-nativo-alaska" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/health-care-or-support/professional-or-program/american-indian-or-alaska-native">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas sobre los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska (cobertura de salud)" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/help/help-for-american-indians-and-alaska-natives/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reducir el consumo de alcohol en los indígenas americanos menores de edad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reducir-el-consumo-de-alcohol-en-los-indigenas-americanos">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El proveer atención a un paciente  puede ser gratificante, pero también puede causar estrés y, a veces, incluso ser abrumador. Aprenda cómo prevenir o aliviar el estrés del cuidador." title="Salud del cuidador" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html" id="7548" language="Spanish" date-created="05/26/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un cuidador de salud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html"&gt;cuidador&lt;/a&gt; (o proveedor de atención a pacientes) ayuda a una persona que necesita asistencia para cuidarse. Quien necesita apoyo puede ser un niño, adulto o una persona mayor. Es posible que requiera cuidados debido a una lesión, enfermedad crónica o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos cuidadores son informales. Suelen ser familiares o amigos. Otros cuidadores son profesionales remunerados. Los cuidadores pueden brindar atención en el hogar, en un hospital u otro entorno de atención médica. En ocasiones, realizan su labor a distancia. Los tipos de tareas que realizan los cuidadores pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ayudar con las tareas diarias como bañarse, comer o tomar medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Organizar actividades y atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar decisiones sanitarias y financieras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo afecta al cuidador la atención que entrega?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trabajo de cuidador de salud puede ser gratificante. Puede ayudar a fortalecer la relación con un ser querido o sentir satisfacción al ayudar a una persona. Pero el cuidado también puede ser estresante y, en ocasiones, incluso abrumador. El cuidado puede implicar satisfacer demandas complejas sin ningún tipo de capacitación o ayuda. También puede estar trabajando y además tener hijos u otras personas a quienes cuidar. Para satisfacer todas las demandas, puede estar dejando de lado sus propias necesidades y sentimientos, lo que no es bueno para su salud a largo plazo. Debe asegurarse de cuidarse a usted mismo también.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el estrés del cuidador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchos cuidadores se ven afectados por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; del cuidador. Es el estrés que genera la tensión emocional y física de la atención que brinda. Los signos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse abrumado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse solo, aislado o abandonado por otros&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dormir demasiado o muy poco&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ganar o perder mucho peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentir cansancio la mayor parte del tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Perder interés en actividades que solía disfrutar&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Irritarse o enojarse fácilmente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentir preocupación o tristeza con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; o corporales a menudo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Desarrollar comportamientos poco saludables como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt; o beber demasiado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puede afectar mi salud el estrés del cuidador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El estrés del cuidador a largo plazo puede aumentar su riesgo de muchos problemas de salud diferentes. Algunos de estos problemas pueden ser graves. Incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un sistema inmunitario débil&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sobrepeso y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades crónicas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;, cáncer, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;. La depresión y la obesidad pueden aumentar aún más el riesgo de estas afecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas con la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html"&gt;memoria&lt;/a&gt; a corto plazo o prestar atención&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer para prevenir o aliviar el estrés del cuidador?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tomar medidas para prevenir o aliviar el estrés del cuidador puede ayudar a prevenir problemas de salud. Recuerde que, si se siente mejor, puede cuidar de mejor forma a su ser querido. También será más fácil concentrarse en la gratificación del cuidado. Algunas formas de ayudarse a sí mismo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Aprender mejores formas de ayudar a su ser querido&lt;/strong&gt;: Por ejemplo, los hospitales ofrecen clases que pueden enseñarle cómo cuidar a alguien con una lesión o enfermedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Encontrar recursos de cuidado en su comunidad para ayudarle&lt;/strong&gt;: Muchas comunidades tienen servicios de guardería para adultos o servicios de relevo. Usar estos servicios puede darle un descanso de sus deberes de cuidado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pedir y aceptar ayuda&lt;/strong&gt;: Haga una lista de las formas en que otros pueden ayudarle. Deje que quienes se ofrezcan a asistirle elijan lo que les gustaría hacer. Por ejemplo, alguien podría sentarse con la persona que cuida mientras usted hace un trámite. Alguien más podría recoger alimentos para usted&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unirse a un grupo de apoyo para cuidadores&lt;/strong&gt;: Estos grupos pueden permitirle compartir historias, escuchar sugerencias sobre cuidados y obtener el apoyo de otras personas que enfrentan los mismos desafíos que usted&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Organizarse para que el cuidado sea más manejable&lt;/strong&gt;: Haga listas de tareas y establezca una rutina diaria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenerse en contacto con familiares y amigos&lt;/strong&gt;: Es importante obtener apoyo emocional&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cuidar de su propia salud&lt;/strong&gt;: Trate de encontrar tiempo para mantenerse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;físicamente activo&lt;/a&gt; la mayoría de los días de la semana, prefiera alimentos saludables y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;duerma bien&lt;/a&gt;. Asegúrese de estar al día con su atención médica, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html"&gt;chequeos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;exámenes&lt;/a&gt; regulares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Considere tomar un tiempo de vacaciones si además trabaja y se siente abrumado&lt;/strong&gt;: Según la Ley Federal de Ausencia Familiar y Médica, los empleados elegibles pueden tomar hasta 12 semanas de licencia anual no remunerada para cuidar a sus familiares. Consulte con su oficina de recursos humanos sobre sus opciones
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html" id="7547" language="English">Caregiver Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html" id="2232">Proveedor de atención al paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html" id="2246">Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer</related-topic>
<site title="Apoyo para quienes cuidan a pacientes con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consigue apoyo si eres un cuidador" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-mental-relaciones-otras-personas/consigue-apoyo-si-eres-cuidador">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidadores saludables" url="https://www.alz.org/l/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado/cuidadores-saludables">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidarse mientras usted cuida a su ser querido: Apoyo para personas que cuidan a un ser querido con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/como-cuidarse" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/caring-for-the-caregiver">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con el cuidado: Cuidarse mientras cuida a los demás" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-lidiar-con-el-cuidado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/coping-caregiving">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés de las personas encargadas del cuidado: Consejos para cuidarte a ti mismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/caregiver-stress/art-20044784?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés del cuidador" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/estres-del-cuidador/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/seniors/caregiving/caregiver-stress.printerview.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés del cuidador" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/caregiver-stress" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/caregiver-stress">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para cuidarse a si mismo" url="https://www.caregiver.org/es/resource/una-guia-para-cuidadores-guide-caregivers/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud y bienestar del cuidador" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/salud-y-bienestar-del-cuidador/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/caregiver-health-and-wellness/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La salud de su hijo incluye su bienestar físico, mental y social. Entérese sobre cómo mantener a su hijo saludable y cómo prevenir enfermedades. " title="Salud del niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenshealth.html" id="1815" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La salud de su hijo incluye el bienestar físico, mental y social. La mayoría de los padres conoce los aspectos básicos para mantener a los niños sanos tales como darles &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html"&gt;alimentos saludables&lt;/a&gt;, asegurarse de que duerman y se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html"&gt;ejerciten&lt;/a&gt; lo suficiente y garantizar su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html"&gt;seguridad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También es importante que los niños tengan chequeos médicos regulares. Estas visitas son una oportunidad para revisar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html"&gt;desarrollo&lt;/a&gt; de su hijo. También es un buen momento para detectar o prevenir problemas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Además de los chequeos, los niños en edad escolar deben ir al médico por:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida o aumento importante de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para dormir o cambios de conducta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre de más de 102ºF (38.8ºC)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Erupciones cutáneas o infecciones en la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de garganta frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenshealth.html" id="501" language="English">Children's Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3013">Ejercicio para niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6006">Medicamentos y los niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5429">Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3694">Problemas de audición en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5960">Problemas del habla y del lenguaje en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5432">Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html" id="2241">Salud de los adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html" id="1976">Salud del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html" id="1811">Salud dental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schoolhealth.html" id="3613">Salud escolar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html" id="1813">Seguridad del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niño, Salud del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pediatría</see-reference>
<site title="2 a 20 años: Niños percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c021.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Busque cobertura para su familia: Programas en su estado" url="https://espanol.insurekidsnow.gov/coverage/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculadora del percentil del IMC en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Control del niño sano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001928.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su hijo tiene diarrea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo utilizar el servicio de urgencias para un niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo administrarle medicamentos a su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo una visita al médico (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un pediatra" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/health-management/Paginas/How-To-Choose-A-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el cuerpo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/center/htbw-main-page.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/center/htbw-main-page.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo preparar a su hijo para una prueba de laboratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/como-preparar-a-su-hijo-para-una-prueba-de-laboratorio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-a-lab-test/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo proteger a los niños de los riesgos ambientales" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/como-proteger-los-ninos-de-los-riesgos-ambientales" language-mapped-url="https://www2.epa.gov/children/what-you-can-do-protect-children-environmental-risks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tomarle la temperatura a su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-temperature.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-temperature.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growing-pains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growing-pains.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Día de la cirugía para su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades más comunes (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/general/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/general/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enuresis (orinarse en la cama)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/enuresis-orinarse-en-la-cama/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/enuresis-bed-wetting/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estreñimiento en los niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/estrenimiento-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation-children">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007445.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007445.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gráficas de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones recurrentes en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del oído" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-oido-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ear-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones pediátricas" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pediatric/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pediatric/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse sano" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/stay-healthy/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/stay-healthy/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miedos del sueño (terrores nocturnos)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l028.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l018.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l019.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l017.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niño con una enfermedad de larga duración (crónica)" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Nino-con-una-Enfermedad-de-Larga-Duracion-Cronica-019.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/The_Child_With_A_Long_Term_Illness_19.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el sueño" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición del niño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómito en lactantes y en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pesadillas y terrores nocturnos en los niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/pesadillas-y-terrores-nocturnos-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/nightmares-and-night-terrors/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de eliminación o estreñimiento en bebés y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la boca en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programa para las visitas de control del niño sano de la AAP" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/well-child-care-a-check-up-for-success.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pages/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de audición" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hear.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Revise sus síntomas: ¿Debo llamar al médico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Termómetros: Comprender las opciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/art-20046737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/ART-20046737?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transmitir hábitos saludables a sus hijos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ninos-ensenarles-habitos-saludables-a-sus-hijos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/kids-passing-on-healthy-habits-to-your-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videos y más (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/closet/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/closet/#catmovies">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vista de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos y diarrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vomitos-y-diarrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vomiting-and-diarrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una historia clínica?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medhist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medhist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entérese sobre la salud del niño pequeño, como problemas comunes, síntomas de enfermedad y qué esperar de los chequeos médicos de rutina." title="Salud del niño pequeño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html" id="1976" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Salud del niño de 1 a 5 años</also-called>
<also-called>Salud del niño que comienza a caminar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los niños se enferma. Es difícil para los padres saber qué se considera serio. Usted puede aprender a reconocer los signos más comunes de advertencia. Al final, confíe en su intuición. Si está preocupada por su bebé, llame inmediatamente a un profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las consultas de control de niños sanos son importantes para la salud de su bebé. Un recién nacido normalmente necesita ser atendido por el pediatra mensualmente. A medida que el niño se acerca a su primer cumpleaños, la mayoría no necesita ir con tanta frecuencia. Los bebés recibirán las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt;  durante estas visitas. Los exámenes y las exploraciones de rutina ayudan a sus hijos a prevenir y tratar problemas de salud, así como a tabular su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html"&gt;crecimiento y desarrollo&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerhealth.html" id="1547" language="English">Toddler Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974">Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1975">Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5425">Desarrollo del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html" id="5423">Nutrición del niño pequeño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bebés y niños, Salud de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños y bebés, Salud de los</see-reference>
<site title="Andar de puntillas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toe-walking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toe-walking.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención médica y su hijo de 1 a 2 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/med12yr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/med12yr.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención médica y su hijo de 2 a 3 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-2-3.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-2-3.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000980.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000980.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/convulsiones-febriles">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Convulsiones febriles: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000223.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su hijo está en la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico (PICU) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picu.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo administrarle medicamentos a su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo aprovechar al máximo una visita al médico (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un pediatra" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/health-management/Paginas/How-To-Choose-A-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tomarle la temperatura a su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-temperature.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-temperature.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en el pecho en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elegir a un pediatra para su bebé recién nacido" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre un pediatra o un pediatra especialista" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y su bebé" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos a la hora de acostarse para bebés y niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones recurrentes en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del oído" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-oido-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ear-infection/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información sobre cómo criar niños sanos para los padres de bebés y niños pequeños (0-3 años de edad)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parents/spanish/infants/healthy_children.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Eunice Kennedy Shriver" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Invaginación intestinal en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el sueño" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición del niño pequeño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Náuseas y vómito en lactantes y en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies hacia adentro (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gait.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gait.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pies hacia afuera" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/out-toeing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/out-toeing.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de eliminación o estreñimiento en bebés y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la boca en lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas para alimentar a lactantes y niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-para-alimentar-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/feeding-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programa para las visitas de control del niño sano de la AAP" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/well-child-care-a-check-up-for-success.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pages/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de audición" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hear.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del vómito" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/treating-vomiting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Treating-Vomiting.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vista de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vomit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vomit.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vómitos y diarrea" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vomitos-y-diarrea-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vomiting-and-diarrhea/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una historia clínica?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medhist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medhist.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cada paso que damos implica una compleja red de huesos, músculos, tendones y ligamentos. Entérese cómo mantener la salud de sus pies. " title="Salud del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html" id="1911" language="Spanish" date-created="04/29/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada paso que damos implica una compleja red de huesos, músculos, tendones y ligamentos. Esto, combinado con todo el peso que sostienen, explica por qué los pies pueden tener problemas. Para mantener sus pies sanos:&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Examínelos regularmente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use zapatos cómodos que le queden bien &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lávese los pies diariamente con jabón y agua tibia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Córtese las uñas rectas de un lado a otro y no demasiado cortas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La salud del pie puede ser una pauta sobre su salud general. Por ejemplo, la rigidez de las articulaciones puede significar artritis. El hormigueo o entumecimiento puede indicar diabetes. La hinchazón puede ser señal de una enfermedad renal, enfermedad cardiaca o hipertensión arterial. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El cuidado y exámenes frecuentes de los pies es una parte importante de su cuidado de salud general. Si tiene problemas en los pies, asegúrese de hablar con su doctor. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html" id="1327" language="English">Foot Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html" id="2046">Enfermedades de las uñas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3649">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1912">Lesiones y enfermedades del pie</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heelinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3651">Lesiones y enfermedades del talón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html" id="1761">Pie de atleta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html" id="1854">Pie diabético</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pie, Salud del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Plantillas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Zapatos</see-reference>
<site title="Con el mejor pie hacia adelante: Pasos para tener pies sanos y listos para el movimiento" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/con-el-mejor-pie-hacia-adelante-pasos-para-tener-pies-sanos-y-listos-para-el-movimiento" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/putting-your-best-foot-forward-steps-for-happy-healthy-feet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Soportes de arco" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/arch-supports?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Concéntrese en sus pies!" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/concentrese-en-sus-pies" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/focus-your-feet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Anda descalzo? ¡Tenga cuidado!" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/going-barefoot-beware!?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/going-barefoot-beware!">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué huelen los pies?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/feet-stink.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/feet-stink.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El personal militar y los veteranos de guerra sufren problemas de salud distintos a la población civil, como lesiones y problemas de salud mental, entre otros." title="Salud del veterano y personal militar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="2220" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos de guerra se han sacrificado por nuestro país y pueden enfrentar muchos problemas de salud diferentes. Algunos de sus problemas de salud más comunes incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del sueño&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastornos de salud mental&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero también pueden enfrentar riesgos de salud diferentes a los de la población civil. Servir para proteger al país es un trabajo especial y significa tomar algunos riesgos y peligros laborales únicos. Estos incluyen diferentes tipos de lesiones y problemas de salud por exposiciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de lesiones enfrentan los miembros de las fuerzas armadas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Durante su servicio, los efectivos corren el riesgo de sufrir diversas lesiones. Éstas pueden ocurrir durante el entrenamiento o en combate. En ocasiones, pueden poner en peligro la vida o son lo suficientemente graves como para causar discapacidad. Otras pueden no ser tan graves, pero pueden ser dolorosos y afectar la vida diaria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los tipos específicos de lesiones que pueden enfrentar los miembros de las fuerzas armadas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Esguinces y torceduras&lt;/a&gt;, especialmente en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;tobillos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;rodillas&lt;/a&gt;: Estas lesiones suelen ser causadas por el ejercicio y correr&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones en la espalda&lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hombros&lt;/a&gt;, a menudo por levantar y cargar objetos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html"&gt;Tinnitus&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;pérdida de audición&lt;/a&gt;, normalmente por exposición al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html"&gt;ruido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones en la cabeza&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;lesiones cerebrales traumáticas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heridas por armas de fuego y metralla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html"&gt;Pérdida de extremidades&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas de salud especiales enfrentan los miembros de las fuerzas armadas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También puede haber riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud por la exposición a peligros ambientales, como agua contaminada, productos químicos, infecciones y quema de fosas o pozos. En ocasiones, los problemas de salud causados por la exposición no se presentan hasta años después.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos miembros de las fuerzas armadas experimentan un trauma sexual militar. Esto incluye &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html"&gt;agresión sexual&lt;/a&gt; y acoso sexual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas de salud mental enfrentan los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estar en combate y estar separado de su familia puede ser estresante. Lo mismo puede ocurrir con la readaptación a la vida civil después de la militar. Todo este estrés puede poner a los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y a los veteranos en riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud mental, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099"&gt;Trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También existe el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;. Los veteranos que se encuentran en crisis pueden obtener ayuda de la Línea de Crisis para Veteranos al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llamar al 988 y luego presionar 1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enviar mensajes de texto al 838255&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/es/como-ayudamos/chat/"&gt;Chatear&lt;/a&gt; en línea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué servicios de atención médica están disponibles para los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TRICARE es el programa de atención médica del Departamento de Defensa. Brinda planes de seguro y otros servicios para miembros del servicio uniformado, jubilados y sus familias en todo el mundo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La Administración de Salud de Veteranos es parte del Departamento de Asuntos de Veteranos (VA). Brinda servicios de apoyo médico y social a veteranos elegibles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El VA también ofrece atención médica y beneficios ampliados para los veteranos expuestos a quema de fosas, al agente naranja y otras sustancias tóxicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para comprender y tratar mejor las necesidades de salud de los veteranos en el futuro, el VA creó el Programa Millones de Veteranos (MVP, por sus siglas en inglés). Este programa de investigación analiza cómo los genes, el estilo de vida, las experiencias militares y las exposiciones afectan la salud y el bienestar de los veteranos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="453" language="English">Veterans and Military Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryfamilyhealth.html" id="4884">Salud de la familia del veterano y personal militar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="2099">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</related-topic>
<see-reference>Agente naranja</see-reference>
<see-reference>Guerra del Golfo Pérsico</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de la guerra del Golfo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veterano, Salud del</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso, trauma y salud mental" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/abuse-trauma-and-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/abuse-trauma-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beneficios educativos y laborales para familiares de miembros en las Fuerzas Armadas" url="https://www.usa.gov/es/beneficios-educativos-laborales-familiares">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración General de Servicios de los EE.UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de drogas y la vida militar" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/el-consumo-de-drogas-y-la-vida-militar" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/substance-use-military-life">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión cerebral traumática: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes después de un trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Los medicamentos para tratar la dependencia de opioides están disponibles en el ámbito militar?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/medicamentos-para-el-tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-opioides/los-medicamentos-para-tratar-la-dependencia-de-opioides-estan">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el trauma sexual militar?" url="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/Spanish/MentalHealth/PTSD/EmotionalHealth/142,UG4317_ES_VA" language-mapped-url="https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/mst_general_factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Viajar puede aumentar sus posibilidades de enfermarse. Entérese cómo prevenir problemas antes de viajar y durante su viaje aquí. " title="Salud del viajero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Salud al viajar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Viajar puede aumentar sus posibilidades de enfermarse. Un viaje largo puede aumentar su riesgo de trombosis venosa profunda. Tras llegar a su destino, su cuerpo necesita tiempo para adaptarse al agua, la comida y al aire de otros lugares. El agua en los países en desarrollo puede contener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parásitos&lt;/a&gt; que causan malestares estomacales y diarrea. Aumente su seguridad usando solo agua de botella para beber, hacer hielo o cepillarse los dientes. Si consume agua de la llave, hiérvala o use tabletas de yodo. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;envenenamiento por alimentos&lt;/a&gt; también puede ser un riesgo. Coma solo alimentos cocidos o servidos calientes. Evite frutas y vegetales que no hayan sido lavados o que tengan su cáscara. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Si va a viajar fuera del país, también es posible que necesite vacunarse o tomar medicinas preventivas. Las que necesite dependerán del lugar del país del mundo que visite, la época del año, su edad, el estado general de su salud y las vacunas que ya le hayan dado. Consulte a su médico cuatro a seis semanas antes de viajar. La mayoría de las vacunas necesitan tiempo para ser eficaces. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444" language="English">Traveler's Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3182">Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html" id="3057">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html" id="2019">Malaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html" id="3107">Mareo (Cinetosis)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html" id="6343">Virus del Zika</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cruceros</see-reference>
<see-reference>Viajero, Salud del</see-reference>
<site title="Barotrauma del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de salud relacionados con los viajes en avión" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-de-salud-relacionados-con-los-viajes-en-avion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/air-travel-health-tips/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados de la salud durante las vacaciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001937.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001937.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar las alergias alimentarias durante las vacaciones" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/como-tratar-las-alergias-alimentarias-durante-las" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/dream-vacation-with-food-allergies.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diarrea del viajero" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea-es" language-mapped-url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta para la diarrea del viajero" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002433.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y los viajes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre tifoidea" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/typhoid_fever/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía de viajeros para evitar enfermedades infecciosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001925.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hinchazón de los pies durante viajes en avión: ¿Debería preocuparme?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mal agudo de montaña" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000133.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse sanos mientras viajan en familia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/family-travel.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/family-travel.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mareos por movimiento: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/art-20056697?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/ART-20056697?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de los oídos a grandes alturas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002077.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del desfase horario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000719.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la picaduras de mosquitos cuando viaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del jet lag" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la fiebre tifoidea" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_typhoid.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/typhoid.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas y las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vacunas/vacunas-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/immunizations-and-vaccines/vaccinations-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar con niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002427.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar en avión y los oídos de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flying-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flying-ears.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viaje internacional: Consejos para mantenerse saludable" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/viaje-internacional-consejos-para-mantenerse-saludable/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/international-travel-tips-for-staying-healthy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si no tiene una buena salud dental, puede tener problemas como caries, pérdida de dientes o enfermedad de las encías. Cómo mantener su boca saludable." title="Salud dental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html" id="1847" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Salud de los dientes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es importante que el cuidado de la boca y los dientes comience en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html"&gt;infancia&lt;/a&gt;. Si no es así, puede tener problemas con los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html"&gt;dientes&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html"&gt;encías&lt;/a&gt;,  como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html"&gt;caries&lt;/a&gt; o la pérdida de los dientes. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estas son algunas cosas que puede hacer para mantener su boca y sus dientes sanos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cepillarse los dientes dos veces al día con una pasta dental con fluoruro &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limpiarse entre los dientes todos los días con hilo dental o algún producto similar  &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Comer con inteligencia: limitar los alimentos azucarados entre comidas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fumar ni masticar tabaco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visitar regularmente al dentista o a otro profesional de salud dental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28" language="English">Dental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html" id="5952">Caries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentures.html" id="3584">Dentaduras postizas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html" id="1928">Enfermedades de las encías</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/orthodontia.html" id="3615">Ortodoncia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html" id="1811">Salud dental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html" id="3070">Trastornos dentales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dientes</see-reference>
<site title="Anatomía del diente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002214.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blanqueamiento" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/whitening_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boca y dientes: Cómo mantenerlos sanos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/boca-y-dientes-como-mantenerlos-sanos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/mouth-and-teeth-how-to-keep-them-healthy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de los dientes y la boca" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/dientes/cuidado-dientes-boca" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/taking-care-your-teeth-and-mouth">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de tu dentadura" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/teeth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado dental en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001957.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001957.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado preventivo" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/preventive_care_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar cuidados dentales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/como-encontrar-cuidados-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/FindingDentalCare/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-diabetes-y-la-salud-oral" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/diabetes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen dental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (de términos dentales)" url="https://www.mouthhealthy.org/es-MX/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Higiene oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-higiene-oral" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-hygiene">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Identificación de la placa dental en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga su boca sana: Cuidados bucales para adultos mayores" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-su-boca-sana">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Microbios bucales: Los útiles y los dañinos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/microbios-bucales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/05/mouth-microbes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="No deje de usar el hilo dental" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/no-deje-de-usar-el-hilo-dental" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/11/dont-toss-floss">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas mayores y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-10/older-adults-oral-health.pdf">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer al rechinar y apretar los dientes: Detener el daño dental y el dolor de mandíbula" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/que-hacer-al-rechinar-y-apretar-los-dientes" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/12/taking-teeth-grinding-clenching">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografías dentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003801.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud bucal: Una ventana a la salud general" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/dental/art-20047475?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/dental/art-20047475?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud de la boca" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/oral-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/oral-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonrisa y la boca pueden indicar más de lo que se cree" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-sonrisa-y-la-boca-pueden-iniciar-mas-de-lo-que-se-cree" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/your-smile-and-mouth-can-tell-you-more-than-you-might-think">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los dientes y encías saludables son importantes para la salud de su hijo. Los buenos hábitos dentales y un cuidado oral adecuado pueden ayudar a prevenir las caries." title="Salud dental del niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html" id="1811" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los dientes sanos son importantes para la salud general de un niño. Desde el momento del nacimiento, hay cosas que se pueden hacer para promover los dientes sanos y prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html"&gt;caries&lt;/a&gt;. En los bebés, se deben limpiar los dientes con un paño suave y limpio o con un cepillo de dientes para bebés. Evite acostar al niño con un biberón y revísele los dientes regularmente para detectar manchas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En todos los niños se debe:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Comenzar a usar una pequeña cantidad de pasta dental con flúor a los dos años de edad. El doctor puede recomendar empezar antes  &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Ofrecer alimentos sanos y limitar los refrigerios y las bebidas dulces &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Programar visitas periódicas al odontólogo &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Formar buenos hábitos alimenticios a una edad temprana puede ayudar al niño a tener dientes sanos para toda la vida. 
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html" id="1535" language="English">Child Dental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html" id="5952">Caries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html" id="1928">Enfermedades de las encías</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/orthodontia.html" id="3615">Ortodoncia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html" id="1847">Salud dental</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Salud dental</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dientes del niño, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dientes, Salud en los niños</see-reference>
<site title="Alivie el dolor de la dentición de los bebés y los niños de una manera segura" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/alivie-el-dolor-de-la-denticion-de-los-bebes-y-los-ninos-de-una-manera-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-soothing-teething-pain-infants-and-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del diente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002214.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca saludable para su bebé" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-12/healthy-mouth-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/healthy-mouth-for-your-baby.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Boca y dientes: Cómo mantenerlos sanos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/boca-y-dientes-como-mantenerlos-sanos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/mouth-and-teeth-how-to-keep-them-healthy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca y los dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/mouth-teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/mouth-teeth.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caries dental en la primera infancia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cepillado de los dientes de su hijo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000769.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de tu dentadura" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/teeth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado dental en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002213.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002213.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar cuidados dentales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/como-encontrar-cuidados-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/FindingDentalCare/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la caries dental en su bebé" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/paginas/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/pages/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición e higiene dental de los niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/oral-health/paginas/teething-and-dental-hygiene.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/oral-health/Pages/Teething-and-Dental-Hygiene.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición en los niños" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/teething.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teething.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentición y cuidado de los dientes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dientes natales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003268.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de muelas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/art-20056628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/ART-20056628?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen dental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fluoruro en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002420.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (de términos dentales)" url="https://www.mouthhealthy.org/es-MX/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Higiene dental: Cómo cuidar los dientes de su bebé" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-cuidar-los-dientes-de-su-bebe/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/dental-hygiene-how-to-care-for-your-babys-teeth/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hora de empezar el cepillado dental" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/oral-health/paginas/let-the-brushing-games-begin.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/oral-health/Pages/Let-the-Brushing-Games-Begin.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="La caries dental" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-caries-dental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tooth-decay">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mantener sana la dentadura de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/healthy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/healthy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microbios bucales: Los útiles y los dañinos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/microbios-bucales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/05/mouth-microbes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niños con bocas saludables" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ninos-con-bocas-saludables" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/02/healthy-mouth-kids">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sonrisa saludable para tu niño pequeño: Consejos para mantener sano a tu niño" url="https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/childbrochure_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/childbrochure.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Recursos de Salud Oral Materna e Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tus dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/teeth.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/teeth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la saliva?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/spit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/spit.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vida en la universidad significa nuevos retos y aprender a ser responsable. Aquí cómo mantener su salud en la universidad." title="Salud en la universidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collegehealth.html" id="5418" language="Spanish" date-created="04/15/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vida en la universidad implica emoción como así también nuevos retos, riesgos y responsabilidades. Conoces gente nueva, aprendes cosas nuevas y tomas tus propias decisiones. Puede, a veces, ser estresante. Tendrás que lidiar con cosas relacionadas a la comida, bebidas, aspecto físico, drogas y actividad sexual. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay medidas que puedes tomar para mantenerte saludable y seguro cuando estés en la universidad:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Come una dieta equilibrada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Duerme lo suficiente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realiza actividad física regular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantén tu salud con chequeos y vacunaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si decides tener relaciones sexuales, tenlas con precaución practicando sexo seguro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma decisiones inteligentes sobre el alcohol y las drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pide ayuda si te sientes estresado o deprimido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/collegehealth.html" id="5417" language="English">College Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" id="1731">Alcohol y menores de edad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html" id="2241">Salud de los adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schoolhealth.html" id="3613">Salud escolar</related-topic>
<see-reference>Universidad, Salud</see-reference>
<site title="Alcohol y menores de edad: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad meningocócica en preadolescentes, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/meningococcal-disease-information-for-teens-and-college-students-.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/Meningococcal-Disease-Information-for-Teens-and-College-Students-.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gripe y los estudiantes universitarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007446.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas comunes de salud en la universidad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/young-adult/paginas/health-care-for-college-students.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/young-adult/Pages/Health-Care-for-College-Students.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud universitaria: información general" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/salud-en-universidad/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/college-health/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud universitaria: problemas de salud mental" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/salud-en-universidad-salud-mental-y-desordenes-de-la-alimentacion/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud universitaria: salud sexual, relaciones, y recursos" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/salud-en-universidad-salud-sexual/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Semestre de otoño: El momento para que los padres hablen sobre los riesgos del alcohol en la universidad" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/semestre-de-otono-momento-para-que-los-padres-hablen-sobre-de-los-riesgos-del-consumo-de-alcohol-en" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/time-for-parents-discuss-risks-college-drinking">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos alimenticios: información general" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/desordenes-de-la-alimentacion/">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para adultos desde los 19 hasta los 26 años" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/who-and-when/adults/adults-19-26/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/who-and-when/adults/adults-19-26/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Su hijo pasa más tiempo en la escuela que en cualquier otro lugar, excepto en casa. Las escuelas pueden afectar la salud de los niños. Entérese aquí. " title="Salud escolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schoolhealth.html" id="3613" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2004">
<also-called>Salud en el colegio</also-called>
<also-called>Salud en la escuela</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su hijo pasa más tiempo en la escuela que en cualquier otro lugar, excepto en casa. Las escuelas pueden tener un efecto importante en la salud de los niños. La escuela puede enseñarles sobre salud y promover hábitos saludables. Las clases de educación física proveen a los niños oportunidades para hacer ejercicio. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Las escuelas trabajan para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevenir comportamientos riesgosos como el consumo del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html"&gt;tabaco&lt;/a&gt; o la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html"&gt;intimidación y ciberacoso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Promover hábitos saludables como el ejercicio y el comer sano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lidiar con problemas de salud específicos de los estudiantes, tales como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; y las enfermedades infecciosas. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El edificio y el ambiente escolar deben ser seguros y sanos para el niño.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/schoolhealth.html" id="3612" language="English">School Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4027">Intimidación y ciberacoso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collegehealth.html" id="5418">Salud en la universidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html" id="1813">Seguridad del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Escuela, Salud de los niños en la</see-reference>
<site title="10 maneras de ayudar a su hijo a lograr el éxito en la escuela primaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/school-help-elementary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/school-help-elementary.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad ante los exámenes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/test-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/test-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comienzo de la asistencia a la escuela" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Comienzo-de-la-Asistencia-a-la-Escuela-082.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Starting_School_82.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre el uso de mochilas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/backpack.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para hacer un examen" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testing-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testing-tips.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar la propagación de enfermedades en la guardería o escuela" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/prevention/paginas/prevention-in-child-care-or-school.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/prevention/pages/Prevention-In-Child-Care-or-School.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hacer que los deberes no te den tanto trabajo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/homework.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/homework.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diez mejores consejos sobre los deberes escolares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/homework.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/homework.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades crónicas y la escuela" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chronic/paginas/chronic-conditions-and-school.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chronic/pages/Chronic-Conditions-and-School.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir a la escuela cuando tienes diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/school-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/school-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de la diabetes en la escuela" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/caring/manejo-de-la-diabetes-en-la-escuela.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/managing-diabetes-at-school.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mochilas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/backpack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mochilas seguras (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/backpack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regreso a la escuela durante el COVID-19" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/covid-19/paginas/return-to-school-during-covid-19.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Return-to-School-During-COVID-19.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Regreso a la escuela: Mantenerse seguro si está aprendiendo de forma remota o en persona" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/en-espanol/regreso-a-la-escuela-mantenerse-seguro-si-esta-aprendiendo-de-forma-remota-o-en-persona" language-mapped-url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/pediatrics/back-to-school">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ver, escuchar, hablar: ¿Los sentidos de los niños están listos para la escuela?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ver-escuchar-hablar" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/see-hear-speak">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Violencia escolar: Qué pueden hacer los estudiantes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-violence.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-violence.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volver a tu centro de estudios después de una conmoción cerebral" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-concussions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-concussions.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La diseminación de una enfermedad no se detiene en las fronteras de los países y ocurre muy fácilmente. Entérese de las enfermedades con alcance global." title="Salud global" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/globalhealth.html" id="3739" language="Spanish" date-created="01/17/2006">
<also-called>Salud en el mundo</also-called>
<also-called>Salud internacional</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La propagación de una enfermedad no se detiene en las fronteras de un país. Con más personas viviendo en ciudades sobrepobladas y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html"&gt;viajando&lt;/a&gt;a otros países, es más fácil que los gérmenes se propaguen. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades infecciosas&lt;/a&gt; que comienzan en una parte del mundo pueden llegar rápidamente a otra zona del globo. Algunas de las principales enfermedades que afectan actualmente a países de todo el mundo incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html"&gt;malaria&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de la propagación de enfermedades, existen otros desafíos de salud global. La resistencia a medicamentos como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; va en aumento. Esto hace que sea más difícil tratar ciertas enfermedades. Los desastres naturales y provocados por el hombre crean poblaciones de refugiados con problemas de salud inmediatos y a largo plazo. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/climatechange.html"&gt;cambio climático&lt;/a&gt; y el insuficiente acceso a alimentos y agua potable también son problemas globales que pueden afectar la salud de las personas. Muchos países y organizaciones de salud están trabajando juntos y compartiendo información sobre estos y otros problemas sanitarios.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/globalhealth.html" id="3738" language="English">Global Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html" id="3105">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="2256">Fiebres hemorrágicas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204">Salud del viajero</related-topic>
<see-reference>Internacional, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mundo, Salud</see-reference>
<site title="10 principales causas de defunción" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio climático y salud" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cobertura de la inmunización" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Geohelmintiasis" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mortalidad materna" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oncocercosis" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliomielitis" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La comunidad LGBTQIA + puede experimentar disparidades de salud y discriminación. Entérese sobre problemas de salud de homosexuales, lesbianas, bisexuales y transgénero." title="Salud LGBTQIA+" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lgbtqiahealth.html" id="1919" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los miembros de la comunidad LGBTQIA+ incluyen personas que son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L&lt;/strong&gt;esbianas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt;ays&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;isexuales&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt;ransgénero&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q&lt;/strong&gt;ueer&lt;/i&gt; o &lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q&lt;/strong&gt;uestioning&lt;/i&gt; (en proceso de averiguarlo)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I&lt;/strong&gt;ntersexuales&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con otras identidades, orientaciones de género y aliados de la comunidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En esta página encontrará información sobre los problemas de salud específicos de la comunidad LGBTQIA+.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/populationgroups.html" id="33">Grupos especiales</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lgbtqiahealth.html" id="261" language="English">LGBTQIA+ Health</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Gays</see-reference>
<see-reference>Homosexuales y las lesbianas, Salud de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Homosexualidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>LGTB</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lesbianas, Salud de las</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud de las lesbianas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Transexuales, Salud de los</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y los hombres gais" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-los-hombres-gais.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-gay-men.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atracción y orientación sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo de la identidad de género en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/gender-identity-and-gender-confusion-in-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/pages/Gender-Identity-and-Gender-Confusion-In-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disforia de género" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001527.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001527.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jóvenes de la comunidad LGBTQI+" url="https://espanol.stopbullying.gov/acoso-escolar-mkmj/lgbtq" language-mapped-url="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/lgbtq">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños transgénero y de género diverso" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/gender-diverse-transgender-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/Gender-Diverse-Transgender-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orientación sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orientación sexual e identidad de género" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/sexual?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas homosexuales, bisexuales y transexuales (y cáncer de seno)" url="https://www.komen.org/uploadedFiles/Content_Binaries/806-322-SP.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas sobre orientación sexual y homosexualismo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/orientacion?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/orientation.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud de los jóvenes homosexuales" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/health-concerns-for-gay-and-lesbian-teens.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/Pages/Health-Concerns-for-Gay-and-Lesbian-Teens.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud en hombres homosexuales y hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con otros hombres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-gay-men/art-20047107?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-gay-men/art-20047107?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud en personas transgénero" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/transgender-health/art-20154721?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de salud para lesbianas y mujeres que mantienen relaciones sexuales con mujeres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-lesbians/art-20047202?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/health-issues-for-lesbians/art-20047202?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la hepatitis A y la hepatitis B:  Una guía para los hombres homosexuales y bisexuales" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115-01.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4115.pdf">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salir del armario" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/coming-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/coming-out.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psicológico y social. Afecta cómo pensamos, sentimos y actuamos. Su salud mental puede cambiar con el tiempo." title="Salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psicológico y social. Afecta la forma en que pensamos, sentimos y actuamos cuando enfrentamos la vida. También ayuda a determinar cómo manejamos el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;, nos relacionamos con los demás y tomamos decisiones. La salud mental es importante en todas las etapas de la vida, desde la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html"&gt;niñez&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html"&gt;adolescencia&lt;/a&gt; hasta la adultez y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html"&gt;vejez&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos mentales?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="../spanish/mentaldisorders.html" tid="5677"&gt;trastornos mentales (o enfermedades mentales)&lt;/a&gt; son afecciones graves que pueden afectar la manera de pensar, su humor y su comportamiento.  Pueden ser ocasionales o de larga duración. Pueden afectar su capacidad de relacionarse con los demás y funcionar cada día. Los problemas mentales son comunes, muchos estadounidenses serán diagnosticados con un trastorno mental en algún momento de su vida. Sin embargo, hay tratamientos disponibles. Las personas con trastornos mentales pueden mejorar y muchas de ellas se recuperan por completo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué es importante la salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La salud mental es importante porque puede ayudarle a:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfrentar el estrés de la vida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estar físicamente saludable&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener relaciones sanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contribuir en forma significativa a su comunidad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trabajar productivamente  &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Alcanzar su completo potencial &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Su salud mental también es importante porque puede afectar su salud física. Por ejemplo, los trastornos mentales pueden aumentar su riesgo de problemas de salud física, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades cardíacas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puede afectar mi salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos factores diferentes que pueden afectar su salud mental, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Factores biológicos, como los genes o la química del cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Experiencias de vida, como trauma o abuso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antecedentes familiares de problemas de salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su estilo de vida, como la dieta, actividad física y consumo de sustancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;También puede modificar su salud mental tomando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;medidas para mejorarla&lt;/a&gt;, como hacer meditación, usar técnicas de relajación y ser agradecido.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Puede cambiar con el tiempo mi salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, su salud mental puede cambiar. Por ejemplo, puede estar enfrentando una situación difícil, como tratar de controlar una enfermedad crónica, cuidar a un pariente enfermo o tener problemas de dinero. La situación puede agotarle y abrumar su capacidad de lidiar con ella. Esto puede empeorar su salud mental. Por otro lado, recibir terapia puede mejorarla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las señales de tener un problema de salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando se trata de sus emociones, puede ser difícil saber qué es normal y qué no. Pero los problema de salud mental tienen signos de advertencia, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en sus hábitos alimenticios o de sueño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aislarse de las personas y actividades que disfruta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener nada o poca energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Sentirse vacío o como si nada importara&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener dolores y molestias inexplicables&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse impotente o sin esperanza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fumar, beber o usar drogas más de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse inusualmente confundido, olvidadizo, enojado, molesto, preocupado o asustado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener cambios de humor severos que causen problemas en sus relaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener pensamientos y recuerdos que no puede sacar de su cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escuchar voces o creer cosas que no son ciertas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pensar en lastimarse a sí mismo o a otros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No poder realizar tareas diarias como cuidar a sus hijos o ir al trabajo o la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo hacer si creo que tengo un problema de salud mental?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si cree que puede tener un problema de salud mental, busque ayuda. La terapia de conversación y / o los medicamentos pueden tratar los trastornos mentales. Si no sabe por dónde comenzar, hable con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35" language="English">Mental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7408">Cómo mejorar la salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7428">Salud mental de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638">Salud mental del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" id="3163">Salud mental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html" id="5677">Trastornos mentales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Emocional, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mental, salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud emocional</see-reference>
<site title="Aprenda a manejar su ira" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000858.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000858.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autoestima: Adopta medidas para sentirte mejor contigo mismo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buena salud mental" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Camino a la resiliencia (adaptabilidad)" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/camino?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conexión entre la mente y el cuerpo: Cómo sus emociones afectan su salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conexion-entre-mente-y-cuerpo-como-sus-emociones-afectan-su-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/mindbody-connection-how-your-emotions-affect-your-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos sobre cómo hablar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre su salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/consejos-para-hablar-con-su-proveedor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/tips-for-talking-with-your-health-care-provider">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado y conexión: La soledad afecta en todas las edades" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuidado-y-conexion" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/08/care-connection">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mejorar la salud mental: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios de conciencia plena" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/mindfulness-exercises/art-20046356?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/mindfulness-exercises/art-20046356?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición y salud mental" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/nutricion-y-salud-mental/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/nutrition-mental-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental / corporal: La enfermedad del corazón" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/corazon?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental de las personas mayores: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental del adolescente: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental del niño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental en la comunidad latina" url="https://www.nami.org/Your-Journey/Identity-and-Cultural-Dimensions/Hispanic-Latinx/La-salud-mental-en-la-comunidad-latina/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental: Cómo mantener su salud emocional" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/salud-mental-como-mantener-su-salud-emocional/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/mental-health-keeping-your-emotional-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental: Qué es normal y qué no" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental: Una guía para latinos y sus familias" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOWbQ2w4nGc">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Si quiere conservar su salud mental y física: Hable con el psicólogo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/consulte?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/talk?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesito ayuda para mi salud mental?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/necesito-ayuda-para-mi-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/my-mental-health-do-i-need-help">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Relaciones sociales afectan nuestra salud?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-relaciones-sociales-afectan-nuestra-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/02/do-social-ties-affect-our-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchos adultos mayores corren el riesgo de tener problemas de salud mental. Pero esto no significa que los problemas de salud mental sean una parte normal del envejecimiento. Entérese." title="Salud mental de las personas mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7428" language="Spanish" date-created="05/04/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psicológico y social. Afecta la forma en que pensamos, sentimos y actuamos cuando enfrentamos la vida. También ayuda a determinar cómo manejamos el estrés, nos relacionamos con los demás y tomamos decisiones. La salud mental es importante en todas las etapas de la vida, incluso a medida que envejecemos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos adultos mayores corren el riesgo de tener problemas de salud mental. Pero esto no significa que los problemas de salud mental sean una parte normal del envejecimiento. Los estudios muestran que la mayoría de las personas mayores se sienten satisfechas con sus vidas, a pesar de que pueden tener más enfermedades o problemas físicos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, los cambios importantes en la vida a veces pueden provocar molestias, estrés o tristeza. Estos cambios pueden incluir la muerte de un ser querido, la jubilación o el tratamiento de una enfermedad grave. Muchas personas mayores eventualmente se adaptan a los cambios, pero algunas pueden tener más problemas para adaptarse. Esto puede ponerlos en riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastornos mentales&lt;/a&gt; como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante reconocer y tratar los trastornos mentales en los adultos mayores. Estas afecciones no solo causan sufrimiento mental. También pueden dificultar el manejo de otros problemas de salud, lo que es especialmente cierto si se trata de problemas crónicos de salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas de las señales de advertencia de trastornos mentales en adultos mayores incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios en el estado de ánimo o el nivel de energía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambio en sus hábitos alimenticios o de sueño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aislarse de las personas y actividades que disfruta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse inusualmente confundido, olvidadizo, enojado, molesto, preocupado o asustado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse sin interés o como si nada importara&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener dolores y molestias inexplicables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentir tristeza o desesperanza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fumar, beber o usar drogas más de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Ira, irritabilidad o agresividad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener pensamientos y recuerdos que no puede sacar de su cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Escuchar voces o creer cosas que no son ciertas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pensar en lastimarse a sí mismo o a otros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si cree que puede tener un problema de salud mental, busque ayuda. La terapia de conversación y / o los medicamentos pueden tratar los trastornos mentales. Si no sabe por dónde comenzar, hable con su profesional de la salud. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7427" language="English">Older Adult Mental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142">Salud de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<site title="Aliviar la depresión en adultos mayores" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviar-la-depresion-en-adultos-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/easing-depression-older-adults">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en adultos mayores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-en-adultos-mayores/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en los adultos mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001521.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse conectado para luchar contra la soledad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenerse-conectado-para-luchar-contra-la-soledad">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas mayores y la depresión" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/depresion/personas-mayores-depresion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/mental-and-emotional-health/depression-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental y los adultos mayores" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soledad y aislamiento social: Consejos para mantenerse conectado" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/soledad-aislamiento-social/soledad-aislamiento-social-consejos-mantenerse-conectado" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/loneliness-and-social-isolation/loneliness-and-social-isolation-tips-staying-connected">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Veteranos de edad avanzada y los síntomas del estrés postraumático" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/aging_veterans_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/aging_veterans.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ser adolescente puede ser estresante y algunos adolescentes tendrán dificultades con su salud mental. Pero hay ayuda disponible. Conozca las señales de advertencia y cuándo buscar ayuda." title="Salud mental del adolescente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638" language="Spanish" date-created="12/09/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ser adolescente es difícil. Te sentirás estresado por tratar de ser agradable, desempeñarte bien en la escuela, llevarte bien con la familia y tomar decisiones importantes. La mayoría de estas presiones son inevitables y preocuparte por ellas es normal. Sin embargo, sentirte muy triste, desesperanzado o sin valor alguno puede ser un signo de advertencia de un problema de salud mental.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de salud mental son reales, dolorosos y, algunas veces, graves. Es posible que necesites ayuda si presentas los signos mencionados anteriormente o si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Te sientes frecuentemente molesto o muy preocupado &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sufres por mucho tiempo después de una pérdida o una muerte &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Piensas que alguien o algo controla tu mente o que tu mente está fuera de control &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Consumes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Te ejercitas obsesivamente, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;haces dietas y/o comes en exceso &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lastimas a otras personas o destruyes la propiedad ajena &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Haces cosas imprudentes que podrían lastimarte o lastimar a los demás &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Te sientes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html"&gt;deprimido&lt;/a&gt; (triste y sin esperanza)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de salud mental pueden tratarse. Para obtener ayuda, habla con tus padres, el consejero escolar o un profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637" language="English">Teen Mental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" id="1731">Alcohol y menores de edad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html" id="6092">Autolesión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html" id="6932">Depresión en adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsandyoungpeople.html" id="4960">Drogas y menores de edad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4027">Intimidación y ciberacoso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" id="3163">Salud mental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html" id="5677">Trastornos mentales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenviolence.html" id="2187">Violencia en los adolescentes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescente, Salud mental del</see-reference>
<site title="11 preguntas a hacerse antes de comenzar el tratamiento psiquiátrico de su niño o adolescente" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/11-Preguntas-a-Hacerse-Antes-de-Comenzar-el-Tratamiento-Siquiatrico-de-su-Nino-o-Adolescente-032.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/11-Questions-To-Ask-Before-Psychiatric-Hospitalization-Of-Your-Child-Or-Adolescent-032.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="3 maneras de aumentar las emociones positivas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/positive-emotions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/positive-emotions.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del suicido en los adolescentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/suicide.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/suicide.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescencia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/teens/adolescencia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescentes y el manejo de su depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000647.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anxiety.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad social" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/social-phobia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/social-phobia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20047502?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudarle a su hijo adolescente con depresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000646.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayude a su hijo adolescente a lidiar con el estrés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000814.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000814.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebro de los adolescentes: 7 cosas que usted debe saber" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-cerebro-de-los-adolescentes-7-cosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cinco formas de conocer mejor tus sentimientos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/emotional-awareness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/emotional-awareness.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprender la salud emocional de su hijo adolescente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/entendiendo-la-salud-emocional-de-su-hijo-o-hija-adolescente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/understanding-your-teens-emotional-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprender los grupos cerrados o excluyentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-cliques.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-cliques.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consulta con un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando los niños y los adolescentes se autolesionan" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se habla a los niños acerca de las enfermedades mentales" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Cuando-se-Habla-a-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Acerca-de-las-Enfermedades-Mentales-084.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Talking-To-Kids-About-Mental-Illnesses-084.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado continuo (Continuum of Care) para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Cuidado-Continuo-Continuum-of-Care-Para-Ninos-y-Adolescentes-042.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/facts_for_families/42_the_continuum_of_care_for_children_and_adolescents.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar el estrés" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stress-situations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stress-situations.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a los niños y adolescentes a superar los acontecimientos catastróficos y otras experiencias traumáticas" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo enfrentar las emociones difíciles" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stressful-feelings.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stressful-feelings.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lograr una vida feliz" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/happy-life.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/happy-life.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo nos ayudan las emociones negativas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/negative-emotions-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/negative-emotions-help.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se puede ayudar a los adolescentes con estrés" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Como%20se%20Puede%20Ayudar-a-los-Adolescentes-con-Estres-066.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Helping_Teenagers_With_Stress_66.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/depression.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en niños y en adolescentes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-en-ninos-y-adolescentes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//understanding_child_traumatic_stress_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.nctsnet.org/resources/audiences/parents-caregivers/what-is-cts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación siquiátrica integral o comprensiva" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Evaluacion-Siquiatrica-Comprensiva-052.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Comprehensive-Psychiatric-Evaluation-052.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos saludables en las redes sociales" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/habitos-saludables-en-las-redes-sociales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/09/healthy-social-media-habits">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Imagen corporal y autoestima" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Los adolescentes están hablando de la salud mental" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-estan-hablando-de-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-are-talking-about-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Los adolescentes y el estrés: cuando es más que una preocupación" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-y-el-estres" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-and-stress-when-its-more-than-worry">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Línea 988 de prevención del suicidio y crisis" url="https://988lifeline.org/es/inicio/" language-mapped-url="https://988lifeline.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato: ¿Qué puedo hacer si necesito ayuda ya mismo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abuse-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abuse-help.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meditación" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/meditacion/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión de los pares" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/presion-de-los-companeros/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psiquiatra de niños y adolescentes (psiquiatra infantil)" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Psiquiatra-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-Psiquiatra-Infantil-000.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la psicoterapia para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconocimiento de la depresión en los adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000648.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental de los adolescentes: Cómo saber cuándo su hijo necesita ayuda" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/mental-health-and-teens-watch-for-danger-signs.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/pages/Mental-Health-and-Teens-Watch-for-Danger-Signs.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio adolescente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/suicidio-adolescente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/teen-suicide/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio en los adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Suicidio-en-los-Adolescentes-010.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Teen_Suicide_10.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional (información para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sad.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-bipolar-en-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-teens-and-young-adults-know-the-signs">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-trastorno-bipolar-en-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ptsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ptsd.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno dismórfico corporal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image-problem.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image-problem.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ocd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ocd.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de ansiedad (para los padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anxiety-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety-disorders.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricotilomanía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001517.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Estoy tan estresado! hoja informativa" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/estoy-tan-estresado" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/so-stressed-out-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede la conexión social ayudar a los niños y adolescentes a sentirse menos solos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/social-connection.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/social-connection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede la conexión social puede reducir la soledad?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lonely.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lonely.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo ayudar a un amigo que se corta?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/friend-cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/friend-cuts.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo dejar de cortarme?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/resisting-cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/resisting-cutting.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo recibir ayuda en plena crisis emocional?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/crisis-support.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/crisis-support.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo sentirme menos solo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lonely-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lonely-help.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es importante reconocer y tratar las enfermedades mentales de los niños desde el comienzo. Entérese sobre tipos de problemas mentales y sus síntomas. " title="Salud mental del niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" id="3163" language="Spanish" date-created="06/20/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es importante reconocer y tratar los trastornos mentales de los niños desde el comienzo. Una vez que el trastorno mental se desarrolla, se vuelve una parte habitual de la conducta de su hijo. Esto lo hace más difícil de tratar. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero no siempre es fácil saber si su hijo tiene un problema serio. Las tensiones diarias pueden causar cambios en el comportamiento de su hijo. Por ejemplo, la llegada de un nuevo hermano o hermana o ir a una nueva escuela puede causar problemas pasajeros de comportamiento. Las señales de aviso de cuándo podría ser un problema más serio incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas en más de un entorno (en la escuela, en casa, con sus compañeros) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en el apetito o el sueño &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aislamiento social o miedo a cosas que antes no le causaba temor &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Volver a portarse como un niño pequeño, por ejemplo orinarse en la cama&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Señales de estar molesto, como tristeza o llanto &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Signos de hacerse daño a sí mismo, como golpearse la cabeza o de repente herirse a menudo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamientos repetitivos sobre la muerte &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar problemas de salud mental, el profesional de la salud o especialista en salud mental presta atención a las señales y síntomas de su hijo, su historia clínica y familiar. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos y terapia de conversación. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162" language="English">Child Mental Health</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4027">Intimidación y ciberacoso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638">Salud mental del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="1809">Trastornos de la conducta del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Salud mental</see-reference>
<site title="11 preguntas a hacerse antes de comenzar el tratamiento psiquiátrico de su niño o adolescente" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/11-Preguntas-a-Hacerse-Antes-de-Comenzar-el-Tratamiento-Siquiatrico-de-su-Nino-o-Adolescente-032.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/11-Questions-To-Ask-Before-Psychiatric-Hospitalization-Of-Your-Child-Or-Adolescent-032.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aliviando el estrés infantil" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviando-el-estres-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/buffering-childhood-stress">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ansiedad de separación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayudando a niños crecer sanos: Mente y cuerpo" url="https://mhanational.org/ayudando-ninos-crecer-sanos-mente-y-cuerpo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a los niños cuando se preocupan" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/worrying.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/worrying.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para la familia sobre el sueño y la salud mental" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/sleep/paginas/sleep-and-mental-health.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/sleep/Pages/Sleep-and-Mental-Health.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se habla a los niños acerca de las enfermedades mentales" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Cuando-se-Habla-a-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Acerca-de-las-Enfermedades-Mentales-084.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Talking-To-Kids-About-Mental-Illnesses-084.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado continuo (Continuum of Care) para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Cuidado-Continuo-Continuum-of-Care-Para-Ninos-y-Adolescentes-042.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/facts_for_families/42_the_continuum_of_care_for_children_and_adolescents.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar la tristeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sadness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sadness.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a los niños y adolescentes a superar los acontecimientos catastróficos y otras experiencias traumáticas" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo fomentar la resiliencia en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/building-resilience/paginas/building-resilience-in-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Building-Resilience/Pages/Building-Resilience-in-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depresión en niños y en adolescentes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-en-ninos-y-adolescentes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad mental en los niños: Infórmate sobre los signos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/mental-illness-in-children/art-20046577?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/mental-illness-in-children/art-20046577?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//understanding_child_traumatic_stress_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.nctsnet.org/resources/audiences/parents-caregivers/what-is-cts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Espacios verdes podrían mejorar la salud mental de los niños" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-espacios-verdes-podrian-mejorar-la-salud-mental-de-los" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/green-spaces-may-improve-kids-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés en la niñez" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002059.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés infantil: Cómo pueden ayudar los padres" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stress.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stress.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés por las tormentas: Ayudar a los niños a mantener la calma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/storms-calm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/storms-calm.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación siquiátrica integral o comprensiva" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Evaluacion-Siquiatrica-Comprensiva-052.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Comprehensive-Psychiatric-Evaluation-052.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eventos traumáticos y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar sobre los sentimientos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/talk-feelings.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/talk-feelings.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hijos de enfermos mentales" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Hijos-de-Enfermos-Mentales-039.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ir a terapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/going-to-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/going-to-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llevar a su hijo a un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miedos y preocupaciones de la infancia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anxiety.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el duelo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000749.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y la pena por la muerte de un ser querido" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-la-Pena-por-la-Muerte-de-un-ser-Querido-008.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Grief-008.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y la salud mental: ¿Es solo una etapa?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-ninos-y-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/children-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Podemos prevenir la adversidad en la niñez" url="https://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/apps/aces-infographic/es/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psiquiatra de niños y adolescentes (psiquiatra infantil)" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Psiquiatra-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-Psiquiatra-Infantil-000.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la psicoterapia para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental de los niños" url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/spanish/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepa cuándo buscar ayuda para su hijo/hija" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Sepa-Cuando-Buscar-Ayuda-para-su-Hijo-Hija-024.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/When-To-Seek-Help-For-Your-Child-024.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepa dónde conseguir ayuda para su niño/niña" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Sepa-Donde-Conseguir-Ayuda-Para-Su-Nino-Nina-025.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-trastorno-bipolar-en-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007687.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado de ánimo: Conceptos básicos" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-desregulacion-disruptive" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de movimientos estereotípicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001548.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de vinculación reactiva de la lactancia o la primera infancia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001547.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos emocionales" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/emocional/" language-mapped-url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/emotionaldisturbance/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tres maneras de ayudar a un niño cuando se siente solo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/help-lonely-child.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/help-lonely-child.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Entusiásmate con las investigaciones sobre la salud mental!" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/sites/default/files/documents/health/publications/entusiasmate-con-las-investigaciones-sobre-salud-mental.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/sites/default/files/documents/health/publications/get-excited-about-mental-health-research-508.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Hazle frente al estrés! (libro para colorear)" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/hazle-frente-al-estres" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stand-up-to-stress">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede la conexión social ayudar a los niños y adolescentes a sentirse menos solos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/social-connection.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/social-connection.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas de salud ocupacional ocurren en el trabajo por el tipo de labor que realiza. Entérese sobre los tipos de riesgo y cómo prevenirlos. " title="Salud ocupacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html" id="2061" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Salud en el lugar de trabajo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de salud ocupacional ocurren en el trabajo por el tipo de labor que realiza. Estos problemas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cortaduras, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;torceduras y distensiones&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html"&gt;Amputaciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Trastornos por movimientos repetitivos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Problemas del oído&lt;/a&gt; causados por la exposición al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html"&gt;ruido&lt;/a&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Problemas de la vista&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedad causada por respirar, tocar o ingerir sustancias peligrosas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfermedad causada por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html"&gt;exposición a la radiación&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Exposición a gérmenes en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html"&gt;centros de salud&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una buena seguridad y prácticas de prevención en el trabajo puede reducir su riesgo de estos problemas. Procure mantenerse en buen estado físico, reduzca el estrés, prepare adecuadamente su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html"&gt;área de trabajo&lt;/a&gt; y use el equipo y la ropa adecuada.
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html" id="347" language="English">Occupational Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html" id="3398">Ergonomía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html" id="3645">Salud ocupacional de proveedores de salud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="1799">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</related-topic>
<site title="Agotamiento laboral: Cómo detectarlo y enfrentarlo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma entre los jóvenes que residen en granjas operadas por hispanos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-158_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asma ocupacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000110.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000110.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bisinosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001089.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001089.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquitis industrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000072.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Campaña Nacional para Prevenir las Caídas en la Construcción" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/construction/es/falls-prevention-campaign/campana-nacional-para-prevenir-las-caidas-en-la-construccion.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir el asma en las personas que trabajan con animales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/97-116_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo protegerse de los problemas cutáneos relacionados con el trabajo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/proteccion-de-la-piel-en-el-ambiente-de-trabajo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/skin-problems-how-to-protect-yourself-from-job-related-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de OSHA: Español a inglés" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/osha_general_terms_spen%5B1%5D.pdf">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de OSHA: Inglés a español" url="https://www.osha.gov/complianceassistance/spanish/osha-general-terms-ensp">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y el trabajo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000609.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad respiratoria ocupacional" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/enfermedad-respiratoria-ocupacional-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/occupational-respiratory-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equipo de protección personal" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ppe-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés en el lugar de trabajo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/estres-lugar?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés en el trabajo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/estres-trabajo?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/work-stress?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exceso de calor en la construcción" url="https://www.elcosh.org/record/document/2154/d000024-s.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Construcción</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exposición ocupacional al plomo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/exposicion-al-plomo-en-el-lugar-de-trabajo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/occupational-health/occupational-exposure-to-lead.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Formaldehído y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/sustancias/formaldehido/hoja-informativa-formaldehido" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipoacusia ocupacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001048.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mejores prácticas en el cuarto de mezclar pintura" url="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/documents/mejores_practicas_en_el_cuarto_de_mezclar_pintura.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neumoconiosis de los mineros del carbón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000130.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumoconiosis reumatoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000137.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumonitis por hipersensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000109.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de muertes, lesiones y enfermedades de trabajadores adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2003-128_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-128/2003128.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir lesiones oculares en su lugar de trabajo" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/en-el-trabajo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-work">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protección de los trabajadores que tienen un riesgo de histoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/97-146_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-109/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de la exposición al sol" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-116_sp/pdfs/2010-116_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-116/pdfs/2010-116.pdf">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de las plantas venenosas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-118_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-118/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase de los mosquitos y las garrapatas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-119_sp/pdfs/2010-119_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de la audición relacionada al trabajo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/topics/oido.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retornar a trabajar con el dolor de espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000517.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruido: Cómo disminuirlo en la granja" url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/noisyplanet/files/Documents/Publications/KeepDownonFarm_TipSht-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/parents/keeping-noise-down-on-the-farm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de los trabajadores en las granjas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-137_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el transporte (relacionada con el trabajo)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/topics/vehiculos.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentarse derecho: Mejore su postura para gozar de una mejor salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis: El trabajo con tejas de cemento, el peligro de la sílice" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2006-110_sp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silicosis: ¡Conozca los datos!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-108_sp/pdfs/2004-108sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-108/pdfs/2004-108.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Soluciones simples: Ergonomía para trabajadores agrícolas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2001-111_sp/pdfs/2001-111sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2001-111/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Son sus oídos, protéjalos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2007-175_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trabajo por turnos en lenguaje sencillo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/97-145_sp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zanjas" url="https://www.cpwr.com/wp-content/uploads/publications/TrenchesSpanishforweb.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.cpwr.com/sites/default/files/publications/TrenchingPDFforweb.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Construcción</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trabajadores de la salud están expuestos a muchos riesgos laborales, como infecciones, lesiones con agujas y estrés, entre otros. Cómo prevenirlos. " title="Salud ocupacional de proveedores de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html" id="3645" language="Spanish" date-created="04/06/2004">
<also-called>Salud de las enfermeras y enfermeros</also-called>
<also-called>Salud de los doctores</also-called>
<also-called>Salud de los profesionales de la salud</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt; Los empleados dedicados al cuidado de la salud están expuestos a muchos riesgos laborales. Ellos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infecciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lesiones con agujas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Lesiones en la espalda &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Sustancias que causan alergias &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Violencia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estrés &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se deben seguir buenas prácticas de seguridad laboral y prevenir las lesiones. Eso  puede reducir los riesgos de tener problemas con la salud. Use equipo protector, siga las pautas para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html"&gt;control de infecciones&lt;/a&gt;, aprenda la forma correcta de levantar objetos pesados y encuentre maneras para controlar el estrés. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html" id="3644" language="English">Occupational Health for Health Care Providers</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html" id="1999">Alergia al látex</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html" id="3041">Medidas para el control de infecciones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html" id="2061">Salud ocupacional</related-topic>
<see-reference>Doctores, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Proveedores de salud, Salud ocupacional</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo protegerse de los pinchazos (piquetes de aguja)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2000-135_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equipo de protección individual para trabajadores del sector de la salud que manipulan medicamentos peligrosos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2009-106_sp/default.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equipo de protección personal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000447.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al estrés: Riesgos ocupacionales en los hospitales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2008-136_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exposición ocupacional al VIH: Consejos para trabajadores de la salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medidas-de-seguridad-de-trabajadores-medicos-frente-al-vih/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/occupational-exposure-to-hiv-advice-for-health-care-workers/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glutaraldehído" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2001-115_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personal de atención médica domiciliaria: Cómo prevenir las alergias al látex" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2012-119_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-119/pdfs/2012-119.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la exposición ocupacional a los antineoplásticos y otras medicinas peligrosas en centros de atención médica" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2004-165_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-165/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de resbalones, tropezones y caídas de los trabajadores de la salud" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-123_sp/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-123/default.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en la realización de ecografías" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2006-148_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trabajo por turnos en lenguaje sencillo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/97-145_sp/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Violencia: Peligros ocupacionales en los hospitales" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/NIOSH/docs/2002-101_sp/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas que viven en zonas rurales enfrentan problemas de salud diferentes a las personas que viven en ciudades." title="Salud rural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ruralhealthconcerns.html" id="3699" language="Spanish" date-created="02/14/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cerca del 15% de la población en los Estados Unidos viven en zonas rurales. Hay muchas razones diferentes por las que puede elegir vivir en una comunidad rural. Es posible que desee un menor costo de vida y un ritmo de vida más lento. Puede disfrutar el tener acceso a grandes espacios abiertos para la recreación. Las zonas rurales están menos pobladas y pueden ofrecer más privacidad. También puede preferir un área rural para vivir cerca de su familia y amigos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero vivir en un área rural también presenta desafíos, incluyendo lo relacionado a cuidar su salud. En comparación con las áreas urbanas, las comunidades rurales tienden a tener:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tasas más altas de pobreza &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un mayor porcentaje de adultos mayores, quienes tienen más probabilidades de tener problemas de salud crónicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Más residentes sin seguro médico&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Menos acceso a la atención médica, ya que las clínicas y los hospitales pueden estar muy lejos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tasas más altas de consumo de ciertas sustancias, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar cigarrillos &lt;/a&gt; y uso indebido de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioides &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html"&gt;metanfetaminas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tasas más altas de problemas de salud crónicos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;hipertensión &lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Mayor exposición a peligros ambientales, como los productos químicos utilizados para la agricultura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, existen soluciones para lidiar con estos problemas. Algunos ejemplos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Clínicas que ofrecen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html"&gt;telesalud&lt;/a&gt; para brindar atención a personas que viven lejos de especialistas o que no pueden llegar fácilmente a las oficinas de sus profesionales de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Agencias locales de salud pública que trabajan con sus comunidades para promover una vida saludable, por ejemplo, dando clases de bienestar y ejercicio, o establecer un mercado de agricultores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Carriles para bicicletas y senderos proporcionados por Gobiernos locales para alentar a las personas a andar en bicicleta y caminar &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Las escuelas rurales pueden ofrecer servicios de consejería y salud mental para sus estudiantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ruralhealthconcerns.html" id="3698" language="English">Rural Health Concerns</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" id="7468">Telesalud</related-topic>
<see-reference>Rural, Salud</see-reference>
<site title="Mejoras al control de cáncer en comunidades rurales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/noticias/temas-y-relatos-blog/2016/control-cancer-zonas-rurales">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud en las zonas rurales de los EE. UU." url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-salud-en-las-zonas-rurales-de-los-ee-uu" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/health-rural-america">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sexo cumple un papel importante en las relaciones saludables. Entérese sobre cómo tener una vida sexual plena, así como sus problemas y consecuencias. " title="Salud sexual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html" id="2143" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La sexualidad es una parte importante del ser humano. El amor, el afecto y la intimidad sexual representan un papel importante en las relaciones saludables. También contribuyen con su sentido del bienestar. Pero algunos trastornos pueden afectar la capacidad de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html"&gt;hombres&lt;/a&gt; y de las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html"&gt;mujeres&lt;/a&gt; de tener relaciones sexuales o disfrutarlas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los factores que puede afectar la salud sexual incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Temor a un embarazo no deseado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preocupaciones sobre la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades crónicas como cáncer o enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos que afectan el deseo sexual o el rendimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealth.html" id="1542" language="English">Sexual Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html" id="1972">Disfunción eréctil</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/penisdisorders.html" id="2020">Enfermedades del pene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html" id="1979">Infertilidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1900">Problemas sexuales en las mujeres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5572">Problemas sexuales en los hombres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html" id="2124">Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186">Salud sexual del adolescente</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sexo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sexual, Salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sexualidad</see-reference>
<site title="Cardiopatía y la intimidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conducta sexual compulsiva" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/symptoms-causes/syc-20360434?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/symptoms-causes/syc-20360434?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo pequeño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/preschool/paginas/talking-to-your-young-child-about-sex.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo responder a preguntas sobre el sexo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sex.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/questions-sex.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción eréctil: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza durante la actividad sexual" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enseñar a los niños sobre su cuerpo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/teach-about-bodies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teach-about-bodies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infidelidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas sobre orientación sexual y homosexualismo" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/orientacion?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/orientation.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas sexuales en las mujeres: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas sexuales en los hombres: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud sexual" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/basics/sexual-health-basics/hlv-20049432?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/sexual-health/basics/sexual-health-basics/HLV-20049432?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud sexual del adolescente: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexualidad en la edad avanzada" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/sexualidad/sexualidad-edad-avanzada" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/sexuality-and-intimacy-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexualidad en las personas mayores" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-sexuality-in-older-adults/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/sexuality-in-older-adults/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/male-reproductive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/male-reproductive.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Relaciones sociales afectan nuestra salud?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-relaciones-sociales-afectan-nuestra-salud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/02/do-social-ties-affect-our-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Durante la adolescencia pasas por la pubertad, cuando maduras sexualmente. Aparte de decidir si tienes sexo o no, debes saber cómo afectará tu salud. " title="Salud sexual del adolescente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la salud sexual del adolescente?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La salud sexual del adolescente consiste en la forma en que el sexo afecta tu salud física y emocional. Significa saber cómo entablar relaciones saludables y tomar decisiones sobre el sexo que sean adecuadas para ti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A medida que tu cuerpo cambia durante la pubertad, también cambia tu forma de pensar, sentir e interactuar con los demás. Es posible que tengas nuevos sentimientos y pensamientos sobre el sexo. Comprender en quién te estás convirtiendo como un adulto joven sexual también es parte de la salud sexual de los adolescentes. Para algunos adolescentes, eso incluye comprender la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lgbtqiahealth.html"&gt;identidad de género, la expresión de género y la orientación sexual&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para todos los adolescentes, asumir la responsabilidad de la salud sexual es parte del crecimiento. Ya sea que elijas tener relaciones sexuales o no, esta responsabilidad incluye saber sobre:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmitteddiseases.html" tid="2144"&gt;Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Contracepción y control de natalidad&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Qué es una relación saludable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) o enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) son causadas por bacterias, virus y parásitos que se transmiten de persona a persona, generalmente durante el sexo vaginal, oral o anal. Algunas ITS se transmiten por contacto de piel a piel. Sin tratamiento, algunas ITS pueden causar problemas de salud a largo plazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay más de 20 tipos de ITS, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html"&gt;Clamidia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html"&gt;Herpes genital&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html"&gt;Gonorrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;Virus del papiloma humano&lt;/a&gt; (VPH)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html"&gt;Ladilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html"&gt;Sífilis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html"&gt;Tricomoniasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las ITS no siempre causan síntomas. Por lo tanto, es posible tener una infección sin saberlo y luego transmitirla a otra persona. La única forma de saber con certeza si tienes una ITS es hacerse la prueba.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo reducir mi riesgo de contraer una infecci[on de transmisión sexual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La forma más confiable de evitar infecciones es no tener relaciones sexuales vaginales, orales o anales. Decir "no" al sexo puede ser la mejor opción para muchos adolescentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si decides tener relaciones sexuales, "sexo seguro" reducirá tus probabilidades de contraer una ITS. Esto incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hablar con tu pareja sobre la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual y hacerse la prueba antes de tener relaciones sexuales&lt;/strong&gt;: Si no puedes hablar sobre las ITS, puedes no estar listo para tener relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recibir la vacuna contra el VPH&lt;/strong&gt;: Puedes vacunarte entre los 9 y los 26 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usar condones correctamente cada vez que tenga relaciones sexuales vaginales, orales o anales&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los condones de látex externos (masculinos) brindan la mejor protección contra las ITS. Si tu o tu pareja son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgicos al látex&lt;/a&gt;, pueden usar condones de poliuretano&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los condones internos (femeninos), hechos de nitrilo, se colocan dentro del cuerpo (vagina o ano). Pueden ser menos efectivos contra las ITS que los condones externos de látex&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No uses ambos tipos de condones juntos porque eso aumenta la posibilidad de que se rompan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usa un protector dental (una pieza cuadrada de látex, poliuretano o nitrilo) para proteger tu boca durante el sexo oral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tener relaciones sexuales con una sola persona que tiene relaciones sexuales solo contigo&lt;/strong&gt; (monogamia mutua): Primero, ambos deben hacerse la prueba de ITS&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No mezclar alcohol o drogas con el sexo&lt;/strong&gt;: Necesitas pensar con claridad para tomar decisiones seguras sobre el sexo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo reducir las posibilidades de embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La única forma segura de evitar el embarazo es no tener relaciones sexuales vaginales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si decides tener relaciones sexuales vaginales, los métodos anticonceptivos pueden ayudar a prevenir el embarazo. Hay muchos tipos de anticonceptivos que funcionan de diferentes maneras. Tu profesional de la salud puede ayudarte a elegir el mejor método anticonceptivo para ti.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los condones son el único método anticonceptivo que protege contra las ITS. Pero los condones por sí solos no son el método anticonceptivo más eficaz. Es más seguro usar condones con otro método anticonceptivo para prevenir tanto las ITS como el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una relación sana?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El sexo saludable comienza con una relación saludable, por lo que es importante analizar honestamente cómo se tratan con tu pareja. Tu relación puede ser saludable si incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Respeto&lt;/strong&gt;: Tú y tu pareja valoran los sentimientos del otro. Ninguno de los dos presiona al otro para que haga cosas que no quiere hacer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Confianza y honestidad&lt;/strong&gt;: Siempre dices la verdad y confías en que tu pareja hará lo mismo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Buena comunicación&lt;/strong&gt;: Te siente seguro hablando abiertamente sobre tus sentimientos, infecciones de transmisión sexual y otras relaciones. Y ambos escuchan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tu relación puede no ser saludable si incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Celos y control&lt;/strong&gt;: Uno de ustedes quiere tomar todas las decisiones y trata de evitar que el otro pase tiempo con amigos y familiares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Falta de respeto&lt;/strong&gt;: Uno de ustedes se burla de las ideas y sentimientos del otro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presión&lt;/strong&gt;: Uno de ustedes intenta intimidar al otro para que haga cosas sexuales que no quiere hacer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;Violencia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Golpear, empujar, agarrar y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html"&gt;agresión sexual&lt;/a&gt; nunca debe ser parte de una relación. Si no sabes cómo terminar una relación violenta, busca ayuda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Tus decisiones sobre el sexo pueden afectar tu salud futura. Asegúrate de informarte bien para poder decidir qué es lo correcto para ti.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" id="1459" language="English">Teen Sexual Health</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html" id="2185">Desarrollo del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html" id="2189">Embarazo de adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html" id="2241">Salud de los adolescentes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescente, Salud sexual de los</see-reference>
<site title="Abstinencia sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abstinence.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abstinence.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato reproductor femenino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/female-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato reproductor masculino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/male-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/male-repro.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atracción y orientación sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a los adolescentes a resistir la presión sexual" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/helping-teens-resist-sexual-pressure.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Helping-Teens-Resist-Sexual-Pressure.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo explicarle a tu pareja que tienes una enfermedad de transmisión sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stds-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stds-talk.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decisiones sexuales saludables" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/decisiones-sexuales-saludables/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/making-healthy-sexual-decisions/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Educación sexual: Cómo hablar de sexo con tu hijo adolescente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enseñar a los adolescentes a usar condones religiosamente" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/teaching-teens-to-use-condoms-faithfully.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Teaching-Teens-To-Use-Condoms-Faithfully.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes ginecológicos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu pareja sobre las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/the-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/the-talk.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu pareja sobre las relaciones sexuales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-about-sex.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-about-sex.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con tu pareja sobre los condones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-about-condoms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-about-condoms.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Homosexualidad: La realidad para los adolescentes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/homosexualidad-la-realidad-para-los-adolescentes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/homosexuality-facts-for-teens/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Háblele a sus niños acerca del sexo" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Hablele-a-sus-Ninos-Acerca-del-Sexo-062.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Masturbación" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/masturbation.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/Pages/Masturbation.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Para adolescentes: Cómo tomar decisiones saludables acerca de las relaciones sexuales" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/making-healthy-decisions-about-sex.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Making-Healthy-Decisions-About-Sex.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pienso mucho en el sexo. ¿Es normal o soy pervertida?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/thinking.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estrógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de niveles de testosterona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respeta y hazte respetar: Una relación sana" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/expect-respect-healthy-relationships.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Expect-Respect-Healthy-Relationships.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso de la pubertad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/delayed-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/delayed-puberty.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud sexual (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-health/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-health/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexo: Tomar la decisión correcta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sexo-tomar-la-decision-correcta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/teens/puberty-sexuality/sex-making-the-right-decision.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu primer exámen pélvico" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/examen-pelvico/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pelvic-exam/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niñas</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Una mujer, ¿puede quedar embarazada la primera vez que mantiene relaciones sexuales?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/first-time.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo hacer una autoexploración testicular?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tse.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es normal mi pene?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/penis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/penis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es normal tener erecciones?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/normal-erections.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un embarazo normal dura 9 meses. El feto crece y se desarrolla durante este tiempo, el que se divide en trimestres para evaluar su salud. Entérese aquí. " title="Salud y desarrollo fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6058" language="Spanish" date-created="01/03/2013">
<also-called>Desarrollo fetal</also-called>
<also-called>Desarrollo y salud del feto</also-called>
<also-called>Salud fetal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; normal dura nueve meses. Cada período de tres meses del embarazo es llamado trimestre. Durante cada trimestre, el feto crece y se desarrolla. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html"&gt;chequeos médicos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html"&gt;exámenes prenatales&lt;/a&gt; son muy importantes. Estos pueden:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a mantener saludables a usted y a su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Detectar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;problemas con su bebé&lt;/a&gt;, si hay alguno. En algunos casos, los profesionales de la salud pueden tratar el problema antes de que nazca su bebé. Pero incluso cuando no pueden, aún puede ser útil conocer el problema desde el principio. Eso le da tiempo para aprender sobre la condición de su bebé y prepararse para cualquier desafío que pueda enfrentar después de su nacimiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;problemas durante el parto&lt;/a&gt;. Por ejemplo, si su bebé tiene presentación de nalgas (la parte inferior o los pies primero, en lugar de la cabeza), es posible que necesite una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;cesárea&lt;/a&gt; para evitar complicaciones
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además de obtener atención médica, hay otras cosas que puede hacer para mantener a su bebé lo más saludable posible. Es importante &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;no beber ni fumar&lt;/a&gt;. Intente seguir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html"&gt;dieta saludable&lt;/a&gt; y asegúrese de ocuparse de cualquier &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;problema de salud que tenga durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html" id="6057" language="English">Fetal Health and Development</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html" id="2107">Cuidado prenatal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html" id="1774">Defectos congénitos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html" id="2103">Embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1956">Problemas de salud durante el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html" id="5894">Problemas durante el parto</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901">Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Feto, Salud y Desarrollo</see-reference>
<site title="Accutane  y otros retinoides" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/accutane-y-otros-retinoides.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/isotretinoin-and-other-retinoids-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calendario del embarazo semana a semana" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pregnancy-calendar-intro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pregnancy-calendar-intro.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desarrollo fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002398.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/enfermedades-inflamatorias-del-intestino/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inflammatory-bowel-disease-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Etapas del embarazo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidropesía fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007308.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas prenatales: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/retraso-del-crecimiento-intrauterino-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intrauterine-growth-restriction/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del crecimiento intrauterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001500.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001500.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la preeclampsia y la eclampsia para el feto?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preeclampsia/informacion/riesgos-feto" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/risk-fetus">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sangrado vaginal anormal es distinto del período menstrual. Puede ocurrir entre períodos, antes de la pubertad o después de la menopausia. Más aquí." title="Sangrado vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4876" language="Spanish" date-created="06/11/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;menstruación&lt;/a&gt; o período es el sangrado mensual de la mujer. El sangrado vaginal anormal es distinto del período menstrual. Puede ser sangrado entre períodos, es muy abundante o puede durar mucho más de lo normal. También incluye sangrado que ocurre antes de la pubertad o después de la menopausia. Las causas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;Fibroides uterinos&lt;/a&gt; o pólipos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas hormonales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Píldoras hormonales, como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;píldoras anticonceptivas&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;terapia hormonal para la menopausia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;de cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html"&gt;de ovario&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html"&gt;de útero&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;de vagina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;Problemas de la tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El sangrado durante el embarazo puede tener varias causas. No es siempre un problema serio, pero para estar segura debe llamar a su médico de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los exámenes de la pelvis, de sangre, de imagen y otros procedimientos pueden ayudar a su médico a diagnosticar el problema. El tratamiento depende de la causa del sangrado. El tratamiento puede incluir medicinas, hormonas y cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4875" language="English">Vaginal Bleeding</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033">Menstruación</related-topic>
<site title="Biopsia endometrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía trasvaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Histerosonografía (ultrasonido del útero)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosono" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosono">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado durante el embarazo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/bleeding-during-pregnancy/basics/causes/sym-20050636?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/bleeding-during-pregnancy/basics/causes/sym-20050636?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado uterino anormal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000903.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado uterino anormal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrado-uterino-anormal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/abnormal-uterine-bleeding/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado uterino anormal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dub.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/aub.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vaginal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050756?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050756?utm_source=Google&amp;utm_medium=abstract&amp;utm_content=Vaginal-bleeding&amp;utm_campaign=Knowledge-panel&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal a comienzos del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal al final del embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal en el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003264.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal entre períodos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003156.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado vaginal o uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007496.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado y manchado de la vagina durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/sangrado-y-manchado-de-la-vagina-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/bleeding-and-spotting-vagina-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie del procedimiento de dilatación y legrado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido de pelvis" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La sangre está formada por una parte líquida, el plasma, y una sólida: glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas. Entérese sobre los grupos sanguíneos. " title="Sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html" id="6038" language="Spanish" date-created="09/17/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La sangre es tejido vivo formado por líquidos y sólidos. La parte líquida, llamada plasma, contiene agua, sales y proteínas. Más de la mitad del cuerpo es plasma. La parte sólida de la sangre contiene glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los glóbulos rojos suministran oxígeno desde los pulmones a los tejidos y órganos. Los glóbulos blancos combaten las infecciones y son parte del sistema inmunitario del cuerpo. Las plaquetas ayudan a la coagulación de la sangre cuando sufre un corte o una herida. La médula ósea, el material esponjoso dentro de los huesos, produce nuevas células sanguíneas. Las células de la sangre constantemente mueren y su cuerpo produce nuevas. Los glóbulos rojos viven unos 120 días y las plaquetas viven cerca de seis. Algunos glóbulos blancos de la sangre viven menos de un día, pero otros viven mucho más tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay cuatro grupos de sangre: A, B, AB y O. Asimismo, la sangre es Rh positivo o Rh negativo. Así, si su tipo de sangre es A, es A positivo o A negativo. Su tipo de sangre es importante si necesita una  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;transfusión de sangre&lt;/a&gt;. Y su factor de sangre puede ser importante si usted queda embarazada, ya que la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html"&gt;incompatibilidad&lt;/a&gt; entre su tipo de sangre y el de su bebé puede crear problemas.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los análisis de sangre como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html"&gt;pruebas de conteo sanguíneo&lt;/a&gt; ayudan a los médicos a analizar ciertas enfermedades y afecciones. También ayudan a comprobar la función de los órganos y muestran qué tan bien están funcionando los tratamientos. Algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html"&gt;problemas de la sangre&lt;/a&gt; pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;problemas de coagulación&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html"&gt;desórdenes plaquetarios&lt;/a&gt;. Si pierde mucha sangre, usted puede necesitar una transfusión.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html" id="6037" language="English">Blood</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html" id="6077">Coágulos sanguíneos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html" id="6040">Hemorragia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html" id="2231">Problemas de coagulación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html" id="3647">Problemas de la sangre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1778">Transfusión y donación de sangre</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca de la sangre" url="https://www.redcrossblood.org/espanol/donar-sangre/acerca-de-la-sangre.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Cruz Roja Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conteo de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003644.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003642.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003642.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Determinación del grupo sanguíneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003345.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre del cordón umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003403.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003665.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003665.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grupos sanguíneos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blood-types.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/blood-types.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la sangre" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/biolog%C3%ADa-de-la-sangre/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/biology-of-blood/overview-of-blood">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber sobre los análisis de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muestra capilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003427.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Más allá de los análisis básicos de sangre" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-alla-de-los-analisis-basicos-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/06/beyond-basic-blood-tests">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de un análisis de sangre (adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-bldtest.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Producción de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000104.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y bancos de sangre del cordón umbilical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-y-bancos-de-sangre-del-cordon-umbilical/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cord-blood-testing-and-banking/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Punción arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003422.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003422.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/blood.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/blood.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venopunción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003423.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la sangre?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/blood.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/blood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Índices de glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003648.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sarampión es una enfermedad infecciosa que se disemina fácilmente de una persona a otra y causa una erupción roja con manchas en la piel. Vacunación" title="Sarampión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/measles.html" id="2025" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El sarampión es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por un virus. Se disemina fácilmente de persona a persona y causa una erupción en la piel de color roja con manchas. Esta erupción suele comenzar en la cabeza y descender al resto del cuerpo. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Moqueo nasal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Conjuntivitis &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Sensación de dolor y malestar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Pequeñas manchas blancas dentro de la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas veces, el sarampión puede conducir a problemas serios. No existe un tratamiento, pero la vacuna contra sarampión-paperas-rubéola (MMR) puede prevenirlo. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt; Es posible que haya oído hablar sobre la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html"&gt;rubéola&lt;/a&gt;, que es otra enfermedad que causa erupción y picazón pero que no está relacionada con el sarampión. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/measles.html" id="318" language="English">Measles</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<site title="Casos y brotes de sarampión" url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/es/data-research/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mejor protección contra el sarampión es la vacunación" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-mejor-proteccion-contra-el-sarampion-es-la-vacunacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccination-best-protection-against-measles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de sarampión y paperas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sarampion-y-paperas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measles-and-mumps-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de serología de anticuerpos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/paginas/measles.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Measles.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/measles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/measles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001569.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarampión, paperas y rubéola, la vacuna MMR y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/sarampion-paperas-rubeola-la-vacuna-mmr/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/measles-mumps-and-rubella-mmr-vaccine/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna (sarampión, paperas y rubéola) MMR" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmr.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el sarampión: ¿Puedo contraer sarampión si ya me vacuné?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/measles/expert-answers/getting-measles-after-vaccination/faq-20125397?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra MMRV: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra el sarampión, paperas y rubéola: lo que usted debe saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/Paginas/Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Vaccines-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para prevenir el sarampión" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/diseases/measles/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sarcoidosis is a disease that leads to inflammation, usually in lungs, skin, or lymph nodes. It starts as granulomas. Discover symptoms and tests." title="Sarcoidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sarcoidosis.html" id="389" language="English" date-created="02/10/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is sarcoidosis? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sarcoidosis is a condition in which groups of cells in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; form small, red, and swollen (inflamed) lumps. These lumps are called granulomas. They can form in any organ in the body. But they most commonly affect the lungs and lymph nodes in the chest. Over time, sarcoidosis can cause permanent scarring of organs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your immune system creates inflammation to help defend you against germs and sickness. But in sarcoidosis, inflammation goes off track. It causes the cells in your immune system to form granulomas. Studies suggest that this inflammation might be triggered by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt; and certain substances in the environment such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;insecticides&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html"&gt;mold&lt;/a&gt;. And your genes may affect how your immune system reacts to a trigger.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop sarcoidosis, but you are more likely to have it if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older, especially if you are over age 55&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Live or work near insecticides, mold, or other substances that may cause inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a close relative who has sarcoidosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take certain medicines, such as some types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html"&gt;HIV medicines&lt;/a&gt; and monoclonal antibodies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are of African or Scandinavian descent&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are female&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many people who have sarcoidosis have no symptoms, or they may feel unwell but without any obvious symptoms. If you have symptoms, you may have some general symptoms. And you may have other symptoms, which will depend upon which part of the body is affected.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;general symptoms&lt;/strong&gt; can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;symptoms of sarcoidosis in the lungs&lt;/strong&gt; can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;Cough&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;symptoms of sarcoidosis in other parts of the body&lt;/strong&gt; can include:
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Larger than normal liver or spleen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;Jaundice&lt;/a&gt;, which can make your eyes or skin yellow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Nervous system problems&lt;/a&gt;, such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Vision problems&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;Seizures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Numbness or tingling&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain and swelling in the joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html"&gt;Skin problems&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt; and growths under the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also a set of symptoms that are called &lt;strong&gt;Lofgren's syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;. Some people have Lofgren's syndrome when they first develop sarcoidosis. It usually goes away completely within 2 years. The symptoms of Lofgren's syndrome may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen lymph nodes in your chest, neck, chin, armpits, or groin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A rash of small, itchy, or painful bumps called erythema nodosum. The rash is most often on your head, neck, or legs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurred vision, eye pain or redness, light sensitivity, or watery eyes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain, stiffness, or swelling.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can sarcoidosis cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If untreated, or if the treatment does not work, sarcoidosis can cause serious health problems called complications. Possible complications include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Lung problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;Hormone problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html"&gt;Brain&lt;/a&gt;, nerve, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html"&gt;muscle&lt;/a&gt; problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Kidney problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe organ damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is sarcoidosis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no single test that can diagnose sarcoidosis, and its symptoms can be similar to the symptoms of many other conditions. That makes it hard to diagnose. To find out if you have sarcoidosis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, lifestyle, and any other health conditions you may have.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, which may include:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Checking your temperature&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Checking to see if your lymph nodes, spleen, or liver are swollen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Listening to your chest with a stethoscope as you breathe in and out&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Looking for rashes or sores on your body, such as scalp and lower legs&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order various tests, such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; of the skin, lymph nodes, lungs, or other affected organs&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Blood tests to check your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html"&gt;blood counts&lt;/a&gt;, hormone levels, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html"&gt;how well your kidneys are working&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are diagnosed with sarcoidosis, your provider may order other tests to look at how sarcoidosis is affecting the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for sarcoidosis. The goal of treatment for sarcoidosis is remission, which means you still have the condition, but it does not cause you problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may not need treatment, and sometimes the condition goes away on its own. If you do need treatment, which treatment(s) you get will depend on your symptoms, which organs are affected, and whether those organs are working well. You may be given medicines to:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treat an overactive immune response&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treat joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treat skin problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have complications from sarcoidosis, you may need other treatments, such as other medicines, surgery, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxygen therapy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;pulmonary rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt;, or an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;implanted cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Whether or not you have symptoms from sarcoidosis, it's important to get regular follow-up care from your provider, make healthy lifestyle changes, and contact your provider if you have any new symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html" id="2134" language="Spanish">Sarcoidosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012507">Sarcoidosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html" id="5980">Pulmonary Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<site title="ACE blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Sarcoidosis" url="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/cardiac-sarcoidosis#">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sarcoidosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sarcoidosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial lung disease - adults - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn about Sarcoidosis" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/sarcoidosis/learn-about-sarcoidosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung diffusion testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung Function Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung gallium scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003824.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopy with biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurosarcoidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000720.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000720.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoidosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sarcoidosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulmonary function tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoidosis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sarcoidosis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sarcoidosis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000076.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper airway biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003856.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Sarcoidosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sarcoidosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sarcoidosis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La sarcoidosis es una enfermedad que usualmente provoca inflamación en pulmones, piel y ganglios linfáticos. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Sarcoidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html" id="2134" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La sarcoidosis es una afección en la que grupos de células del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; forman bultos pequeños, rojos e hinchados (inflamados). Estos bultos se llaman granulomas. Pueden formarse en cualquier órgano del cuerpo, pero son más comunes en los pulmones y los ganglios linfáticos del pecho. Con el tiempo, la sarcoidosis puede provocar cicatrices permanentes en los órganos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su sistema inmunitario provoca inflamación para ayudar a defenderse contra gérmenes y enfermedades. Pero en la sarcoidosis hay un problema con esta inflamación. Hace que las células de su sistema inmunitario formen granulomas. Los estudios sugieren que esta inflamación podría ser causada por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt; y ciertas sustancias del medio ambiente, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;insecticidas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html"&gt;moho&lt;/a&gt;; y sus genes pueden afectar la forma en que su sistema inmunitario reacciona ante un desencadenante.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener sarcoidosis, pero es más probable que la tenga si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es una persona mayor, especialmente si tiene más de 55 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vive o trabaja cerca de insecticidas, moho u otras sustancias que puedan causar inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un pariente cercano con sarcoidosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma ciertos medicamentos, como algunos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicinas contra el VIH&lt;/a&gt; y anticuerpos monoclonales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es de ascendencia africana o escandinava&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es mujer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas que tienen sarcoidosis no presentan síntomas o pueden sentirse mal pero sin ningún síntoma evidente. Si tiene síntomas, es posible que sean generales. Y puede que tenga otros síntomas, que dependerán de qué parte del cuerpo esté afectada.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;síntomas generales&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudores nocturnos (transpiración intensa mientras duerme)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;síntomas de la sarcoidosis en los pulmones&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;síntomas de la sarcoidosis en otras partes del cuerpo&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hígado o bazo más grande de lo normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html"&gt;Ictericia&lt;/a&gt;, que causa un tono amarillento de la piel o los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas del sistema nervioso&lt;/a&gt;, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de visión&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;Convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento u hormigueo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palpitaciones del corazón o latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html"&gt;Problemas de la piel&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; y crecimientos debajo de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También existe un conjunto de síntomas llamados síndrome de Lofgren. Algunas personas presentan este síndrome cuando desarrollan sarcoidosis por primera vez. Por lo general, desaparece por completo en 2 años. Sus síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados en el pecho, cuello, barbilla, axilas o ingle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una erupción de bultos pequeños, dolorosos o que pican, llamado eritema nudoso. La erupción suele aparecer en la cabeza, el cuello o las piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visión borrosa, dolor o enrojecimiento de los ojos, sensibilidad a la luz u ojos llorosos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor, rigidez o hinchazón de las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no se trata o si el tratamiento no funciona, la sarcoidosis puede causar problemas de salud graves (complicaciones). Las posibles complicaciones incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas pulmonares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Problemas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;Problemas hormonales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html"&gt;cerebrales&lt;/a&gt;, nerviosos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html"&gt;musculares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;Problemas renales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño severo a los órganos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba única que pueda diagnosticar la sarcoidosis y sus síntomas pueden ser similares a los de muchas otras afecciones. Esto la hace difícil de diagnosticar. Para saber si tiene sarcoidosis, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas, estilo de vida y cualquier otra afección de salud que pueda tener&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico, que puede incluir:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medir su temperatura&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comprobar si los ganglios linfáticos, el bazo o el hígado están inflamados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escuchar su pecho con un estetoscopio mientras inhala y exhala&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Buscar erupciones o llagas en el cuerpo, como el cuero cabelludo y la parte inferior de las piernas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
•	Probablemente solicite varias pruebas, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografía&lt;/a&gt; del tórax&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; de la piel, ganglios linfáticos, pulmones u otros órganos afectados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre para verificar sus conteos sanguíneos, niveles hormonales y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;qué tan bien están funcionando sus riñones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si le diagnostican sarcoidosis, su profesional de la salud puede solicitar otras pruebas para observar cómo la sarcoidosis está afectando el cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la sarcoidosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La sarcoidosis no tiene cura. El objetivo del tratamiento de la sarcoidosis es la remisión, lo que significa que usted todavía tiene la afección, pero no le causa problemas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que no necesite tratamiento y, en ocasiones, la afección desaparece por sí sola. Si necesita tratamiento, este dependerá de sus síntomas, qué órganos están afectados y si esos órganos están funcionando bien. Es posible que le administren medicamentos para:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bajar la inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar una respuesta inmune hiperactiva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar el dolor articular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar problemas de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene complicaciones por la sarcoidosis, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos, como otros medicamentos, cirugía, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxigenoterapia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html"&gt;rehabilitación pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;marcapasos o desfibrilador cardíaco implantado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Independientemente de si tiene síntomas de sarcoidosis o no, es importante recibir atención de seguimiento regular de su profesional de la salud, realizar cambios saludables en su estilo de vida y comunicarse con su proveedor si tiene algún síntoma nuevo.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sarcoidosis.html" id="389" language="English">Sarcoidosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<site title="Alta tras enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000016.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de aspiración pulmonar (tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/nlungbiop" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/nlungbiop">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de las vías respiratorias altas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003856.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003603.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003603.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiomiopatía restrictiva" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cardiomiopatia-restrictiva/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/restrictive-cardiomyopathy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de difusión pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003854.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003854.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de fósforo en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía pulmonar con galio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003824.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopia con biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurosarcoidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000720.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000720.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003853.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoidosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sarcoidosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sarcoidosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000076.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoidosis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sarcoidosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350363?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoidosis: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sarcoidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350358?p=1">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la sarcoidosis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sarcoidosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sarcoidosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sarcoma de Kaposi es un cáncer que produce parches de tejido anormal debajo de la piel. Se puede propagar a otros órganos y causar sangramiento.  " title="Sarcoma de Kaposi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kaposisarcoma.html" id="1987" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el sarcoma de Kaposi?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El sarcoma de Kaposi es un tipo de cáncer. Provoca el crecimiento de lesiones (tejido anormal) en diferentes partes del cuerpo, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Membranas mucosas (el revestimiento de la boca, la nariz y la garganta)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otros órganos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estas lesiones suelen ser de color rojo o morado. Están formadas por células cancerosas, vasos sanguíneos nuevos y células sanguíneas. Las lesiones pueden comenzar en más de un lugar del cuerpo al mismo tiempo. Esto diferencia al sarcoma de Kaposi de otros tipos de cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el sarcoma de Kaposi y quién tiene más probabilidades de tenerlo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El sarcoma de Kaposi es causado por una infección por el virus herpes humano tipo 8 (HHV-8). Este virus también se llama virus herpes asociado al sarcoma de Kaposi. La mayoría de las personas infectadas con este virus no contraen sarcoma de Kaposi. Pero ciertas personas que contraen este virus tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar uno de los tipos de sarcoma de Kaposi:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; pueden desarrollar &lt;strong&gt;sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico (asociado al VIH)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido a los medicamentos que deben tomar después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órgan&lt;/a&gt;o pueden desarrollar &lt;strong&gt;sarcoma de Kaposi iatrogénico (relacionado con el trasplante)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los hombres mayores de ascendencia judía mediterránea o de Europa del este pueden desarrollar el &lt;strong&gt;sarcoma de Kaposi clásico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los hombres jóvenes en África pueden desarrollar &lt;strong&gt;sarcoma de Kaposi endémico (africano)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del sarcoma de Kaposi?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el sarcoma de Kaposi comienza como una o más lesiones en la piel de color rojo, morado o marrón en las piernas y los pies. Suele aparecer en los tobillos o en las plantas de los pies. Con el tiempo, se pueden formar lesiones en otras partes del cuerpo. Es posible que las lesiones no causen síntomas. Pero en ocasiones, las lesiones pueden causar problemas, especialmente a medida que aparecen más y crecen, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La presión de las lesiones puede bloquear el flujo de linfa y sangre en las piernas y causar hinchazón dolorosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si las lesiones crecen en el estómago o los intestinos, pueden &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html"&gt;sangrar&lt;/a&gt; y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las lesiones en los pulmones también pueden sangrar y causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el sarcoma de Kaposi?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para averiguar si tiene sarcoma de Kaposi, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía de tórax&lt;/a&gt; para buscar sarcoma de Kaposi en los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede realizar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt; para detectar lesiones de sarcoma de Kaposi en la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede realizar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopia&lt;/a&gt; para detectar sarcoma de Kaposi en el estómago y los intestinos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede realizar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/"&gt;broncoscopia&lt;/a&gt; para detectar sarcoma de Kaposi en los pulmones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene sarcoma de Kaposi, es probable que necesite pruebas de sangre y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imágenes&lt;/a&gt; para determinar si el cáncer se ha diseminado a otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el sarcoma de Kaposi?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos que reciba dependerán de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El tipo de sarcoma de Kaposi que tenga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuántas lesiones tiene y en qué parte del cuerpo están&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Qué tipos de problemas están causando las lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su salud general&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para las personas con sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico (asociado al VIH), tomar medicamentos contra el VIH puede ser suficiente para tratar el sarcoma de Kaposi. Para quienes tienen sarcoma de Kaposi iatrogénico (relacionado con un trasplante), puede ser útil cambiar la dosis de los medicamentos o cambiar de medicina. Pero algunas personas con estos tipos de sarcoma de Kaposi necesitarán tratamiento adicional.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las opciones de tratamiento para el sarcoma de Kaposi pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Criocirugía, un tratamiento que utiliza un instrumento para congelar y destruir tejido anormal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html"&gt;Inmunoterapia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sarcoma de tejidos blandos es un cáncer que afecta tejidos como músculos, tendones, grasa y vasos sanguíneos. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Sarcoma del tejido blando" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="2160" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los tejidos blandos conectan, apoyan o rodean a otros tejidos. Algunos ejemplos incluyen músculos, tendones, grasa y vasos sanguíneos. El sarcoma de tejidos blandos es un cáncer en los tejidos blandos. Existen muchos tipos, tomando como base el tipo de tejido en el que se inician. Algunas veces se diseminan y pueden ejercer presión sobre los nervios y otros órganos, causando problemas como dolor o dificultad para respirar. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nadie sabe exactamente cuál es la causa de estos cánceres. No son comunes, pero usted corre un riesgo mayor si estuvo expuesto a determinadas sustancias químicas, recibió radioterapia o tiene algunas enfermedades genéticas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar sarcomas del tejido blando, los médicos deben extirpar y examinar una parte del tumor en el microscopio. El tratamiento incluye cirugía para extirpar el tumor, radioterapia, quimioterapia o una combinación de éstas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el sarcoma de tejido blando infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tejido-blando-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/child-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de tratamiento para el sarcoma de tejido blando en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tejido-blando-adultos-pdq#section/_91" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq#section/_163">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas que deben formularse acerca de los sarcomas de tejidos blandos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/sarcoma-adultsofttissuecancer/detailedguide/sarcoma-adult-soft-tissue-cancer-talking-with-doctor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética TP 53 (proteína tumoral 53)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para diagnosticar los sarcomas de tejidos blandos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para los sarcomas de tejidos blandos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/tratamiento/quimioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/treating/chemotherapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rabdomiosarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001429.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia para los sarcomas de tejidos blandos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/tratamiento/radioterapia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/treating/radiation-therapy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarcoma de tejido blando en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007654.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11860/sindrome-de-li-fraumeni/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasas de supervivencia del sarcoma de tejidos blandos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/tasas-de-supervivencia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los sarcomas de tejidos blandos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento según la etapa de los sarcomas de tejidos blandos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/tratamiento/segun-la-etapa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/sarcoma-adultsofttissuecancer/detailedguide/sarcoma-adult-soft-tissue-cancer-treating-by-stage">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible detectar los sarcomas de tejidos blandos en sus comienzos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa los sarcomas de tejidos blandos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el sarcoma de tejidos blandos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/acerca/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/about/soft-tissue-sarcoma.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La sarna o escabiosis causa picazón en la piel y es provocada por un ácaro microscópico. Es común en todo el mundo. Síntomas, tratamiento, prevención." title="Sarna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html" id="2135" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Escabiosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La sarna es un cuadro que causa picazón en la piel provocada por el ácaro microscópico Sarcoptes scabei. Es común en todo el mundo y afecta a las personas de todas las razas y clases sociales. La sarna se disemina rápidamente en lugares con mucha gente en los que hay contacto frecuente con la piel de otras personas. Los hospitales, los centros de cuidado infantil y las residencias para personas mayores y convalecientes (también llamados establecimientos de cuidados especializados de enfermería o centro de cuidados prolongados) son algunos ejemplos. La sarna puede infectar fácilmente a las parejas sexuales y otros familiares en casa. Compartir ropa, toallas y sábanas también puede diseminarla. Las mascotas no diseminan la sarna. Las mascotas adquieren un tipo diferente de infección llamada sarna animal.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Irritación o erupción parecida a las espinillas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Picazón intensa, especialmente durante la noche &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Llagas causadas por rascarse &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede diagnosticar la sarna observando el sarpullido y los pequeños túneles que dejan los ácaros en la piel. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen varias lociones disponibles para tratar la sarna. La ropa, las sábanas y las toallas de la persona infectada deberán lavarse en agua caliente y secarse en una secadora con calor. Este tratamiento se recomienda también para las otras personas que viven en el hogar y para las parejas íntimas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html" id="1254" language="English">Scabies</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<site title="Piojos, la sarna y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/los-piojos-la-sarna/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarna" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scabies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scabies.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarna" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/sarna/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/2013/01/02/scabies/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000830.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarna" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scabies/symptoms-causes/syc-20377378?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scabies/symptoms-causes/syc-20377378?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarna" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/scabies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Scabies.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarna: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scabies/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377383?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un sarpullido es un área en la piel que está irritada o inflamada. Muchos sarpullidos son rojos, dolorosos y pican. Tipos, causas y tratamientos. " title="Sarpullido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html" id="1849" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Dermatitis</also-called>
<also-called>Erupción en la piel</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un sarpullido es un área en la piel que está irritada o inflamada. Muchos sarpullidos son rojos, dolorosos, irritados y pican. Algunos sarpullidos también pueden conducir a ampollas o partes de piel en carne viva. El sarpullido es un síntoma de muchos cuadros clínicos diferentes. Otras causas incluyen sustancias irritantes y alergias. Ciertos genes pueden hacer a las personas más propensas a estas erupciones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La dermatitis por contacto es un tipo común de sarpullido. Causa enrojecimiento, picazón y en ocasiones pequeñas protuberancias. Usted presenta la erupción tras haber tocado un irritante, como un producto químico, o algo a lo que usted es alérgico, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html"&gt;hiedra venenosa&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos sarpullidos se desarrollan inmediatamente. Otros se forman en el transcurso de varios días. Aunque la mayoría de los sarpullidos desaparecen en forma rápida, otros toman tiempo y necesitan tratamiento de largo plazo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debido a que los sarpullidos tienen muchas causas, es importante averiguar el tipo que usted tiene antes de tratarlo. Si es un sarpullido serio, si no mejora o si presenta otros síntomas, debe ver a su proveedor de salud. Los tratamientos incluyen humectantes, lociones, baños, cremas con cortisona que alivian la inflamación y antihistamínicos, los cuales alivian la picazón.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html" id="208" language="English">Rashes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html" id="1999">Alergia al látex</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html" id="1878">Eccema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html" id="2150">Enfermedades de la piel</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html" id="3879">Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos</related-topic>
<site title="Alergia al níquel" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351529?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nickel-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351529?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con la picazón y piel roja" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/decisiones-sobre-las-erupciones" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/01/rash-decisions">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la foliculitis del jacuzzi o sarpullido de la bañera de hidromasaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-la-foliculitis-del-jacuzzi-o-sarpullido-de-la-banera-de-hidromasaje.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/pdf/swimming/resources/pseudomonas-factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reconocer las afecciones comunes de la piel" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-reconocer-las-afecciones-comunes-de-la-piel" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/skin-101-identifying-common-conditions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis de contacto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000869.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000869.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis del pañal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000964.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis del pañal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dermatitis-del-panal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/diaper-rash/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erisipeloide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000632.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eritrodermia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001610.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001610.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupciones cutáneas leves y otros cambios en la piel" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción cutánea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003220.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003220.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción en el pecho" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/breast-rash/basics/definition/sym-20050817?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/breast-rash/basics/definition/SYM-20050817?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erupción en niños menores de 2 años" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003259.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de sarpullido" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-sarpullido/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rash-evaluation/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre miliaria (erupción por calor)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fiebre-miliaria-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/heat-rash/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foliculitis de la tina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001460.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001460.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que puede hacer para mantenerse saludable en un jacuzzi o bañera de hidromasaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/safety/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-mantenerse-saludable-en-un-jacuzzi-o-banera-de-hidromasaje.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/swimmers/rwi/rashes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miliaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heat-rash/symptoms-causes/syc-20373276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-rash/symptoms-causes/syc-20373276?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pitiriasis rosada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000871.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000871.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Erupciones (o sarpullidos)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rashes-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rashes-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Receta de baño de lejía para afecciones cutáneas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/receta-de-bano-de-lejia-para-afecciones-cutaneas">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sarpullidos (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rashes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rashes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Sarpullido y picazón? La verdad sobre la dermatitis" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sarpullido-y-picazon">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Scabies is an itchy skin condition caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei. Common all over the world and can affect anyone, learn treatments." title="Scabies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html" id="1254" language="English" date-created="03/24/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Scabies is an itchy skin condition caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei. It is common all over the world, and can affect anyone. Scabies spreads quickly in crowded conditions where there is frequent skin-to-skin contact between people. Hospitals, child-care centers, and nursing homes are examples. Scabies can easily infect sex partners and other household members. Sharing clothes, towels, and bedding can sometimes spread scabies.  This can happen much more easily when the infested person has crusted scabies. You cannot get scabies from a pet. Pets get a different mite infection called mange. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pimple-like irritations or a rash &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intense itching, especially at night&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sores caused by scratching &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider diagnoses scabies by looking at the skin rash and finding burrows in the skin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Several lotions are available to treat scabies. The infected person's clothes, bedding and towels should be washed in hot water and dried in a hot dryer. Treatment is also recommended for household members and sexual partners.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html" id="2135" language="Spanish">Sarna</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012532">Scabies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="About Scabies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/scabies/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Scabies" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Scabies%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Scabies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/scabies/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scabies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scabies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scabies" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/scabies?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scabies" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Scabies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/scabies.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scabies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000830.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000830.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scabies" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scabies/symptoms-causes/syc-20377378?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scabies/symptoms-causes/syc-20377378?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scabies (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scabies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scabies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scabies: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/scabies-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Scabies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/scabies/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Scabies" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/scabies">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Scabies" url="https://www.cdc.gov/scabies/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A scar is a permanent patch of skin that grows over a wound. It forms as your body heals itself. Learn about types, including keloids, and treatments." title="Scars" url="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html" id="3195" language="English" date-created="04/28/2003">
<also-called>Cicatrix</also-called>
<also-called>Keloid scar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A scar is a permanent patch of skin that grows over a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;wound&lt;/a&gt;. It forms when your body heals itself after a cut, scrape, burn, or sore. You can also get scars from surgery that cuts through the skin, infections like chickenpox, or skin conditions like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html"&gt;acne&lt;/a&gt;. Scars are often thicker, as well as pinker, redder, or shinier, than the rest of your skin. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;How your scar looks depends on:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How big and deep your wound is&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Where it is &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How long it takes to heal &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your inherited tendency to scar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Scars usually fade over time but never go away completely. If the way a scar looks bothers you, various treatments might minimize it. These include surgical revision, dermabrasion, laser treatments, injections, chemical peels, and creams. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html" id="3196" language="Spanish">Cicatriz</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002921">Cicatrix</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="38">Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cicatrix</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypertrophic Scar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Keloids</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society for Dermatologic Surgery" url="https://www.asds.net/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Before and After Photos: Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-conditions/acne-scars">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Acne Scars Be Removed?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acne-scars.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acne-scars.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Peels" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/chemical-peels">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cicatrix" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cicatrix%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermabrasion" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/dermabrasion">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermabrasion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002987.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002987.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologic Surgeon" url="https://www.asds.net/find-a-dermatologic-surgeon/advanced/true">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keloid" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/keloid?Imiw9cApl?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keloids" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/keloids/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://es.familydoctor.org/familydoctor/es/diseases-conditions/keloids.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keloids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000849.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/KeloidsAndHypertroph?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laser Resurfacing" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/laser-resurfacing">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proper Wound Care: How to Minimize a Scar" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/burns/wound-care-minimize-scars?NoAds">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scars" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cicatrix%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scar revision" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002991.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scar revision - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100098_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100098_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scar Revision: Understanding Facial Scar Treatment" url="https://www.aafprs.org/Consumers/Procedures/FacialRejuvenation/Scar/A/FR11.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scars" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-conditions/scars">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scars (for Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/scars.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/scars.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scars and Wounds" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/scars-and-wounds.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/cicatrices-y-heridas.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin smoothing surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100101_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100101_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stretch Marks" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stretch-marks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stretch-marks.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness that can include hearing voices that aren't there and  thinking others are trying to hurt them." title="Schizophrenia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html" id="392" language="English" date-created="11/20/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness. People who have it may hear voices that aren't there. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make sense when they talk. The disorder makes it hard for them to keep a job or take care of themselves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often develop symptoms at a younger age than women. People usually do not get schizophrenia after age 45. There are three types of symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Psychotic symptoms distort a person's thinking.  These include hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (beliefs that are not true), trouble organizing thoughts, and strange movements.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;"Negative" symptoms make it difficult to show emotions and to function normally. A person may seem depressed and withdrawn.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cognitive symptoms affect the thought process.  These include trouble using information, making decisions, and paying attention.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one is sure what causes schizophrenia.  Your genes, environment, and brain chemistry may play a role.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure. Medicine can help control many of the symptoms. You may need to try different medicines to see which works best. You should stay on your medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Additional treatments can help you deal with your illness from day to day.  These include therapy, family education, rehabilitation, and skills training.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html" id="2136" language="Spanish">Esquizofrenia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012559">Schizophrenia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<site title="Brain Stimulation Therapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Schizophrenia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354483?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/childhood-schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354483?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Schizophrenia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Schizophrenia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hallucinations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003258.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help for Mental Illnesses" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Help with Schizophrenia" url="https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Psychiatric Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Providers: Tips on Finding One" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental status testing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/" language-mapped-url="http://espanol.nami.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Schizophrenia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Schizophrenia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Schizoaffective disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000930.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizoaffective Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizophrenia" url="https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Schizophrenia" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/la-esquizofrenia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Schizophrenia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000928.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000928.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Schizophrenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/schizophrenia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tardive Dyskinesia" url="https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Tardive-Dyskinesia/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Psychosis" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-comprender-que-es-la-psicosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your child spends more time at school than anywhere else except home. Schools affect children's health from learning healthy behaviors to exercise. " title="School Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/schoolhealth.html" id="3612" language="English" date-created="10/14/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your child spends more time at school than anywhere else except home. Schools can have a major effect on children's health. Schools can teach children about health, and promote healthy behaviors. Physical education classes give children a chance to get exercise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Schools work to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevent risky behaviors such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html"&gt;tobacco&lt;/a&gt; use or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html"&gt;bullying and cyberbullying&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Encourage healthy habits like exercise and healthy eating&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Deal with specific health problems in students, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; and infectious diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The school building and environment should be a safe and healthy place for your child.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schoolhealth.html" id="3613" language="Spanish">Salud escolar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012572">School Health Services</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schoolhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4026">Bullying and Cyberbullying</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" id="535">Child Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/collegehealth.html" id="5417">College Health</related-topic>
<site title="10 Ways to Help Your Child Succeed in Elementary School" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/school-help-elementary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/school-help-elementary.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="4 Ways to Make Homework Easier" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/homework.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/homework.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="About School Violence" url="https://www.cdc.gov/youth-violence/about/about-school-violence.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescent and School Health: Data and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/index.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back to School" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/back-to-school.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/back-to-school.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Backpack Basics" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/backpack.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Backpack Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/backpack.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC Healthy Schools: Data and Research" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/dataandresearch.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC Healthy Schools: Physical Activity Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/physicalactivity/facts.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Allergies at School" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/foodallergies/index.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/foodallergies/index_esp.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Problems at School" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/school/pages/Health-Problems-at-School.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/school/paginas/health-problems-at-school.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy School Environments" url="https://www.epa.gov/schools">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Schools" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/index.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping the Student with Diabetes Succeed: A Guide for School Personnel" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/professionals/clinical-tools-patient-management/diabetes/helping-student-diabetes-succeed-guide-school-personnel">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2017" url="https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2018/2018036.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mold and Indoor Air Quality in Schools" url="https://www.epa.gov/mold/mold-and-indoor-air-quality-schools">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Playground Safety (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/playground.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/playground.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Playground Safety Tips for Parents" url="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/40781">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="School Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22School+Health+Services%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reducing the Spread of Illness in Child Care" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/prevention/pages/Prevention-In-Child-Care-or-School.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/prevention/paginas/prevention-in-child-care-or-school.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safe Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Return-to-School-During-COVID-19.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/covid-19/paginas/return-to-school-during-covid-19.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="School and Concussions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-concussions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-concussions.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="School and Diabetes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/school-diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/school-diabetes.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="School Refusal" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/School-Refusal-007.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="School Violence: What Students Can Do" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-violence.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-violence.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="See, Hear, Speak: Are Kids' Senses Ready for School?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/07/see-hear-speak" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/ver-escuchar-hablar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Student Health and Academic Achievement" url="https://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/health_and_academics/index.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test-Taking Tips" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testing-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testing-tips.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Teenager at School" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/school/pages/Your-Teenager-At-School.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/school/paginas/your-teenager-at-school.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System" url="https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sciatica is a symptom of a problem with the sciatic nerve causing pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling. Read about causes, tests, and treatment." title="Sciatica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sciatica.html" id="1532" language="English" date-created="08/24/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sciatica is a symptom of a problem with the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in the body. It controls muscles in the back of your knee and lower leg and provides feeling to the back of your thigh, part of your lower leg, and the sole of your foot. When you have sciatica, you have pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling. It can start in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;lower back&lt;/a&gt; and extend down your leg to your calf, foot, or even your toes. It's usually on only one side of your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of sciatica include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html"&gt;ruptured intervertebral disk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on the nerve, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html"&gt;spinal stenosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An injury such as a pelvic fracture.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In many cases no cause can be found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes sciatica goes away on its own. Treatment, if needed, depends on the cause of the problem. It may include exercises, medicines, and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sciatica.html" id="2137" language="Spanish">Ciática</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012585">Sciatica</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sciatica.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157">Back Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html" id="284">Herniated Disk</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="1095">Peripheral Nerve Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sciatica" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sciatica%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epidural Injections" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Therapist Near You" url="https://www.choosept.com/find-a-pt">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Physical Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="MRI and low back pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007493.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Piriformis Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/piriformis-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Piriformis Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/piriformis-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-del-piriforme-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piriformis syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000776.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sciatica" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sciatica%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sciatica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000686.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000686.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sciatica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sciatica/symptoms-causes/syc-20377435?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sciatica/symptoms-causes/syc-20377435?_ga=2.78409619.600976425.1500410955-254664486.1487275149&amp;p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarlov Cysts" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tarlov-cysts">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and thickening in the skin and other areas of the body. The exact cause of scleroderma is unknown." title="Scleroderma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html" id="394" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<also-called>Circumscribed scleroderma</also-called>
<also-called>Dermatosclerosis</also-called>
<also-called>Morphea</also-called>
<also-called>Systemic sclerosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is scleroderma? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Scleroderma means "hard skin." It's the name of an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disease&lt;/a&gt; that causes inflammation and thickening in the skin and other areas of the body.  This inflammation causes you to have areas of tight, hard skin.  Scleroderma may affect just one area of your body, or it can affect many systems in your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of scleroderma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two main types of scleroderma:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Localized scleroderma&lt;/strong&gt; only affects your skin and the muscles and tissues just under your skin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systemic scleroderma,&lt;/strong&gt; which is also called systemic sclerosis, is a more serious type. It affects many parts of your body and can damage your blood vessels and internal organs, such as your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lungs&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidneys&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes scleroderma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of scleroderma is unknown. Researchers think that several factors may play a part in causing the disease:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; Certain genes can increase the chance that you will develop scleroderma. They may also play a role in which the type of scleroderma you have. Scleroderma is not passed from parent to child, but you are more likely to develop it if a close relative has it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your environment.&lt;/strong&gt; Exposure to certain things in the environment, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt; or chemicals, may trigger scleroderma.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;Immune system changes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; When your immune system changes, it can trigger your cells to make too much collagen in the body. Too much collagen causes patches of tight, hard skin.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;Hormones&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Hormonal or immune system differences between women and men might play a part in the disease.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop scleroderma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get scleroderma, but certain factors may make you more likely to develop it:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your sex.&lt;/strong&gt; Scleroderma is more common in women than in men.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your age.&lt;/strong&gt; The disease usually appears between the ages of 30 and 50.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Your race.&lt;/strong&gt; Scleroderma can affect people of all races and ethnic groups, but the disease can affect African Americans more severely.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of scleroderma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of scleroderma are different for each person, depending on the type of scleroderma you have:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Localized scleroderma&lt;/strong&gt; usually causes patches of thick, hard skin in one of two patterns:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Patches in firm, oval shapes that stay in one area or spread to other areas of skin. This is called morphea.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lines of thickened or different colored skin that run down your arm, leg, and, rarely, on the forehead. This is called linear scleroderma.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systemic scleroderma&lt;/strong&gt; can cause problems with your internal organs as well as your skin. It can cause symptoms such as:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Thick, tight skin on your fingers&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html"&gt;Raynaud's phenomenon&lt;/a&gt;, a narrowing of blood vessels in the hands or feet&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Damage to your internal organs, including your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html"&gt;digestive system&lt;/a&gt;, lungs, kidneys, and heart&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is scleroderma diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no single test for scleroderma. The symptoms can vary from person to person and can be similar to those of other diseases. This can make scleroderma hard to diagnose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have scleroderma, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order blood tests, including an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/"&gt;ANA (antinuclear antibody) test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do a skin &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do other tests, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, to check for organ damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for scleroderma?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for scleroderma, but treatments can help control your symptoms and limit damage. The treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; to help decrease swelling, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;manage pain&lt;/a&gt;, control other symptoms, and prevent complications.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical or occupational therapy&lt;/strong&gt; to help with pain, improve muscle strength, and teach you ways to help with daily living.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regular dental care,&lt;/strong&gt; because scleroderma can make your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;mouth dry&lt;/a&gt; and damage connective tissues in your mouth. These problems can speed up &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;tooth decay&lt;/a&gt; and cause your teeth to become loose.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need to see specialists to help treat your disease. Many people with scleroderma will see a rheumatologist. This is a doctor who specializes in rheumatic diseases such as arthritis and other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. Dermatologists, who specialize in conditions of the skin, hair, and nails, may also play an important role in treating the disease. And if you have organ damage, you may need to see other specialists.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also help manage some of your symptoms, for example by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dressing warm and avoiding cold or wet environments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt; (if you smoke)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Putting on &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sunscreen&lt;/a&gt; before you go outdoors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using moisturizers on your skin to help lessen stiffness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding hot baths and showers, harsh soaps, and household cleaners&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html" id="2138" language="Spanish">Esclerodermia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012595">Scleroderma, Systemic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012594">Scleroderma, Localized</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="381">Raynaud Phenomenon</related-topic>
<see-reference>Morphea</see-reference>
<see-reference>Systemic Sclerosis</see-reference>
<site title="ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis by the Numbers: Book of Trusted Facts and Figures" url="https://www.arthritis.org/getmedia/73a9f02d-7f91-4084-91c3-0ed0b11c5814/abtn-2020-final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Scleroderma, Localized" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Scleroderma,+Localized%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Scleroderma, Systemic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Scleroderma,+Systemic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Collagen vascular disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Care in Scleroderma" url="https://scleroderma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Dental-Care-20211127.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Scleroderma Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000297.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Morphea" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Morphea?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scleroderma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scleroderma%2C+Localized%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Scleroderma%2C+Systemic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scleroderma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000429.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scleroderma" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/scleroderma" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/esclerodermia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scleroderma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scleroderma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351952?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scleroderma Complications and Treatments" url="https://srfcure.org/living-with-scleroderma/resources/complications-and-treatments/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Scleroderma Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Systemic scleroderma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-scleroderma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Scleroderma?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/scleroderma" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/esclerodermia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Scoliosis causes a sideways curve of your backbone, or spine. It is most common in late childhood and early teens. Find out more." title="Scoliosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html" id="395" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Scoliosis causes a sideways curve of your backbone, or spine. These curves are often S- or C-shaped.  Scoliosis is most common in late childhood and the early teens, when children grow fast. Girls are more likely to have it than boys. It can run in families. Symptoms include leaning to one side and having uneven shoulders and hips. Sometimes it is easy to notice, but not always.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Children may get screening for scoliosis at school or during a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html"&gt;checkup&lt;/a&gt;. If it looks like there is a problem, your doctor will use your medical and family history, a physical exam, and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on your age, how much more you're likely to grow, how much curving there is, and whether the curve is temporary or permanent. People with mild scoliosis might only need checkups to see if the curve is getting worse. Others might need to wear a brace or have surgery. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html" id="2139" language="Spanish">Escoliosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012600">Scoliosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cervical MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007354.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Scoliosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Scoliosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Scoliosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/congenital-scoliosis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.srs.org/Patients/Diagnosis-And-Treatment">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Scoliosis Research Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Early Onset Scoliosis" url="https://www.srs.org/Patients/Conditions/Scoliosis/Early-Onset-Scoliosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.srs.org/espanol/patient_and_family/scoliosis/idiopathic/adolescents/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Scoliosis Research Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halo-Gravity Traction" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/horizontal-gaze-palsy-with-progressive-scoliosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbosacral spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuromuscular Scoliosis" url="https://www.srs.org/Patients/Conditions/Scoliosis/Neuromuscular-Scoliosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.srs.org/espanol/patient_and_family/scoliosis/neuromuscular_scoliosis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Scoliosis Research Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scoliosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scoliosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scoliosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scoliosis.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scoliosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001241.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001241.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scoliosis" url="https://www.srs.org/Patients/Conditions/Scoliosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Scoliosis Research Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scoliosis in Children and Teens" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/scoliosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/escoliosis">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Scoliosis surgery in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007383.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007383.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spondylocostal dysostosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondylocostal-dysostosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome" url="https://www.srs.org/Patients/Conditions/Scoliosis/Thoracic-Insufficiency-Syndrome-TIS">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Scoliosis Research Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Scoliosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-scoliosis.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Seasonal affective disorder or SAD is a type of depression experienced by some people during the winter months, when there is less natural sunlight." title="Seasonal Affective Disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html" id="3140" language="English" date-created="01/27/2003">
<also-called>SAD</also-called>
<also-called>Seasonal depression</also-called>
<also-called>Seasonal mood disorder</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; that comes and goes with the seasons. It usually starts in the late fall and early winter and goes away during the spring and summer. Some people do have episodes of depression that start in the spring or summer, but that is a lot less common. Symptoms of SAD may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sadness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gloomy outlook&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling hopeless, worthless, and irritable&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Loss of interest or pleasure in activities you used to enjoy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carbohydrate cravings and weight gain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thoughts of death or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;SAD is more common in women, young people, and those who live far from the equator. You are also more likely to have SAD if you or your family members have depression.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The exact causes of SAD are unknown. Researchers have found that people with SAD may have an imbalance of serotonin, a brain chemical that affects your mood. Their bodies also make too much melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep, and not enough vitamin D.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The main treatment for SAD is light therapy. The idea behind light therapy is to replace the sunshine that you miss during the fall and winter months. You sit in front of a light therapy box every morning to get daily exposure to bright, artificial light. But some people with SAD do not respond to light therapy alone. Antidepressant medicines and talk therapy can reduce SAD symptoms, either alone or combined with light therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html" id="3141" language="Spanish">Trastorno afectivo estacional</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016574">Seasonal Affective Disorder</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<see-reference>SAD</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Seasonal Affective Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Seasonal+Affective+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Light Therapy Boxes for Seasonal Affective Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/in-depth/seasonal-affective-disorder-treatment/ART-20048298?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/in-depth/seasonal-affective-disorder-treatment/art-20048298?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Affective Disorder" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Seasonal+Affective+Disorder%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Affective Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-afectivo-estacional">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal affective disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001532.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sad.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20364651?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20364651?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): More than the Winter Blues" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad-more-than-the-winter-blues" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-afectivo-estacional-algo-mas-que-la-tristeza-invernal">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Affective Disorder Sufferers Have More than Just Winter Blues" url="https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2013/02/seasonal-disorder?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal affective disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/seasonal-affective-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Secondhand smoke is smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, and the smoke breathed out by the smoker affecting others. " title="Secondhand Smoke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html" id="1473" language="English" date-created="05/09/2001">
<also-called>Environmental tobacco smoke</also-called>
<also-called>Passive smoking</also-called>
<also-called>Tobacco smoke pollution</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, and the smoke breathed out by the smoker.  It contains more than 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds of those chemicals are toxic and about 70 can cause cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Health effects of secondhand smoke include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ear infections in children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More frequent and severe asthma attacks in children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart disease and lung cancer in adults who have never smoked&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no safe amount of secondhand smoke. Even low levels of it can be harmful. The only way to fully protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke is not to allow &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt; indoors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html" id="2140" language="Spanish">Inhalación pasiva de humo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014028">Tobacco Smoke Pollution</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html" id="1474">Smokeless Tobacco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108">Smoking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Environmental Tobacco Smoke</see-reference>
<see-reference>Passive Smoking</see-reference>
<see-reference>Smoking, Passive</see-reference>
<site title="About Secondhand Smoke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="BeTobaccoFree.gov" url="https://betobaccofree.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tobacco Smoke Pollution" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22secondhand+smoke%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Harms from Secondhand Smoke" url="https://assets.tobaccofreekids.org/factsheets/0103.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Problems Caused by Secondhand Smoke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/health.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/health-risks-of-tobacco/secondhand-smoke.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco/riesgos-para-la-salud-debido-al-tabaquismo/humo-de-segunda-mano.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Smoking Harms Your Child" url="https://women.smokefree.gov/pregnancy-motherhood/smokefree-motherhood/how-smoking-harms-your-child">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Let's Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free: Your Guide to the 50th Anniversary Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health" url="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/consequences-smoking-consumer-guide.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tobacco+Smoke+Pollution%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/secondhand-smoke.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/secondhand-smoke.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke" url="https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/why-you-should-quit/secondhand-smoke">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/second-hand-smoke-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-humo-tabaco-ambiente">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke and Electronic-Cigarette Aerosols" url="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-smoke-and-electronic-cigarette-aerosols">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Secondhand Smoke: What It  Means to You" url="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/secondhand-smoke-consumer.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Surgeon General</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trends and Disparities in Secondhand Smoke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/disparities.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Thirdhand Smoke, and Why Is It a Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/expert-answers/third-hand-smoke/faq-20057791?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/expert-answers/third-hand-smoke/faq-20057791?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Es imposible eliminar todos los peligros en la vida, pero se puede disminuir el riesgo tomando algunas medidas de seguridad. Aquí las más importantes. " title="Seguridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safety.html" id="2131" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Es imposible eliminar todos los peligros en la vida, pero se pueden disminuir. Si se toman las siguientes medidas, se pueden evitar los peligros mayores y prepararse para emergencias:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Conserve los números telefónicos de emergencia cerca de sus teléfonos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Prepare un botiquín de primeros auxilios para su casa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Prepare un plan familiar de emergencia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Instale y mantenga activados los detectores de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html"&gt;humo&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;monóxido de carbono&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mantenga las armas descargadas y bajo llave. Guarde las municiones separadamente bajo llave&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;	Siga cuidadosamente las instrucciones cuando utilice herramientas o equipos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt; pequeños corren riesgos especiales. La supervisión es la mejor manera de mantenerlos seguros. Preparar la casa con protección especial para niños también puede ayudar.
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safety.html" id="485" language="English">Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Accidentes, Prevención</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prevención de accidentes</see-reference>
<site title="Armas de fuego en el hogar" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/handguns-in-the-home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Handguns-in-the-Home.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Armas de fuego y la seguridad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gun-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gun-safety.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para mantener abrigados a los niños en el invierno" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Permanecer seguro en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000924.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad del niño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en casa: Cómo prevenir las heridas por arma de fuego" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-firearms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-firearms.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el manejo de las armas para niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguridad-en-el-manejo-de-las-armas-para-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/kids/home-safety/gun-safety.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cada año miles de personas mueren en el país en accidentes de tránsito. Entérese cómo aumentar su seguridad al conducir vehículos. " title="Seguridad al conducir" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="2038" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Seguridad en el auto</also-called>
<also-called>Seguridad en los vehículos de motor</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada año miles de personas en Estados Unidos muere en un accidente automovilístico. Tratar de prevenir estos accidentes es una parte de la seguridad al conducir. Éstas son algunas cosas que puede hacer para estar más seguro en las carreteras y caminos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese de que el vehículo es seguro y funciona correctamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilice asientos de seguridad para los niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use el cinturón de seguridad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No conduzca demasiado rápido o agresivamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No conduzca si no está en &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html"&gt;condiciones de hacerlo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Seguridad también significa estar pendiente de otros. Comparta la calle con bicicletas y motos y preste atención a los peatones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="155" language="English">Motor Vehicle Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html" id="4912">Inhabilidad para conducir</related-topic>
<see-reference>Accidentes de tránsito</see-reference>
<see-reference>Asientos para niños en el auto</see-reference>
<see-reference>Auto, Seguridad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Carro, Seguridad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Coche, Seguridad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Manejar, Seguridad al</see-reference>
<see-reference>Seguridad en los vehículos de motor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sillas para niños en el automóvil</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tránsito, Accidentes de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vehículos de motor, Seguridad en</see-reference>
<site title="Conducción segura: Protegerse detrás del volante" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/conduccion-segura" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/06/safe-driving">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conducción y los adultos mayores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000955.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conductores de la tercera edad" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/conduccion-automoviles/conductores-tercera-edad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/safety/safe-driving-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrés postraumático después de un accidente de tránsito" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-post-traumatic-stress-after-a-traffic-accident-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evite que su hijo adolescente esté distraído al volante" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/evite-que-su-hijo-adolescente-este-distraido-al-volante">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Golpe de calor y vehículos calientes" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/en-espanol/golpe-de-calor-y-vehiculos-calientes" language-mapped-url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/health--safety-tips/heat-stroke-and-hot-cars">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantener a los niños seguros ante los peligros de los autos calientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hot-car-dangers.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hot-car-dangers.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con las bolsas de aire (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/air-bag-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/air-bag-safety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de las llantas: Todo rueda sobre ellas" url="https://www.nhtsa.gov/es/seguridad-de-vehiculos/llantas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración Nacional de Seguridad del Tráfico en las Carreteras</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el automóvil" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/auto.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/auto.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el transporte (relacionada con el trabajo)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/topics/vehiculos.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sillas de seguridad para niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se puede promover la seguridad de los niños en un coche?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infantcare/informacion/coche" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infantcare/conditioninfo/car-safety">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tomar medidas para la manipulación, cocción y almacenamiento de alimentos puede prevenir enfermedades. Existen 4 pasos básicos. Aquí cuáles son." title="Seguridad con los alimentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html" id="1910" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Inocuidad de los alimentos</also-called>
<also-called>Seguridad alimentaria</also-called>
<also-called>Seguridad con los alimentos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Medidas adecuadas de seguridad en la manipulación, cocción y almacenamiento de alimentos pueden prevenir  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html"&gt;enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos&lt;/a&gt;. Hay cuatro pasos básicos para la seguridad alimentaria en el hogar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Limpiar: Siempre lave los alimentos, las manos, mostradores y utensilios de cocina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Separe: Mantenga los alimentos crudos separados de los cocidos. Los gérmenes pueden propagarse de un alimento a otro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cocine: Los alimentos necesitan calentarse y mantenerse calientes. El calor mata a los gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enfríe: Ponga la comida fresca en el refrigerador inmediatamente&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt; En la tienda, evite latas que estén abolladas o frascos que tengan grietas o tapas sueltas. Revise las etiquetas para verificar que no ha alcanzado su fecha de vencimiento. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html" id="1434" language="English">Food Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html" id="1840">Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html" id="1909">Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alimentos, Seguridad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inocuidad de los alimentos</see-reference>
<site title="Aflatoxinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002429.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ahumar o cocinar el pavo a la parilla" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJ-LolnfwPE&amp;feature=youtu.be">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cocine hasta una temperatura interior mínima segura" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/tablas-de-seguridad-alimentaria-nl7i/temperaturas-internas-m%c3%adnimas-y-seguras">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comer harina, masa o rebozado crudos (sin cocer) podría enfermarlo" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-harina-es-un-alimento-crudo-y-otros-datos-relacionados-con-la-inocuidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/flour-raw-food-and-other-safety-facts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comer o no comer: Los productos decorativos en los alimentos pueden no ser seguros" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/comer-o-no-comer-los-productos-decorativos-en-los-alimentos-pueden-no-ser-seguros" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/eat-or-not-eat-decorative-products-foods-can-be-unsafe">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos básicos para cocinar a la parrilla: Evite las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consejos-basicos-para-cocinar-la-parrilla-evite-las-enfermedades-transmitidas-por-alimentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/barbecue-basics-tips-prevent-foodborne-illness">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando llega el bebé" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/cuando-llega-el-bebe" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/once-baby-arrives-food-safety-moms-be">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuatro pasos para la seguridad alimentaria" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/seguridad-de-los-alimentos-mfv6/4-pasos-para-la-seguridad-alimentaria">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener la inocuidad de la leche desde su producción hasta su consumo" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-mantener-la-inocuidad-de-la-leche-desde-su-produccion-hasta-su-consumo" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/keeping-your-milk-safe-grass-glass">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reducir los desperdicios de alimentos y mantener la seguridad en los alimentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/111704/download">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E. coli: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/e-coli/symptoms-causes/syc-20372058?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frutas y verduras frescas: Cómo seleccionarlas y servirlas de forma segura" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/frutas-y-verduras-frescas-como-seleccionarlas-y-servirlas-de-forma-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm114299">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inocuidad de los jugos: Lo que usted nesesita saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/inocuidad-de-los-jugos-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo seguro de la harina: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/manejo-seguro-de-la-harina-lo-que-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/handling-flour-safely-what-you-need-know">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manipulación segura de los alimentos: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/manipulacion-segura-de-los-alimentos-lo-que-usted-debe-saber">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga los alimentos seguros después de un desastre o una emergencia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/es/foods/mantenga-los-alimentos-seguros-despues-de-un-desastre-o-una-emergencia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manteniendo seguros los almuerzos en &quot;bolsas&quot;" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/manteniendo-seguros-los-almuerzos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Opciones de alimentos más seguras para adultos de 65 años o más" url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/media/pdfs/341844-series_ncezid_safefoodtables-es_older.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/adults-65-older.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organismos genéticamente modificados OGM" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002432.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas en riesgo: niños menores de cinco años" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mg13/ni%C3%B1os-menores-de-cinco-a%C3%B1os" language-mapped-url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/children-under-five">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregúntele a Karen" url="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/contact-us/preguntele-a-karen">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prepárese para un asado seguro" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/pdfs/grill-safety_infographic_final508-es.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/bbq-iq.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la intoxicación alimentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007441.htm">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002434.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/foods-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/foods-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria en el hogar" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/seguridad-alimentaria-en-el-hogar-food-safety-home" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/food-safety-home">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria para futuras mamás" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/seguridad-alimentaria-para-futuras-mamas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/food-safety-moms-be">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria por tipo de alimento" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/seguridad-de-los-alimentos-mg9m/seguridad-alimentaria-por-tipo-de-alimento">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de las frutas y verduras" url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/pdfs/fruit-veggie-safety-es-h.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/steps-healthy-fruits-veggies.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sustancias químicas en la carne cocinada a altas temperaturas y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-carne-cocinada" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cooked-meats-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tabla de conservación de alimentos fríos" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/tablas-de-seguridad-alimentaria-mfu8/Tabla-de-conservaci%c3%b3n-de-alimentos-fr%c3%ados">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Utensilios de cocina y nutrición" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002461.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo reducir los residuos de pesticidas en frutas y verduras? Lo que debe saber sobre el lavado de frutas y verduras" url="http://npic.orst.edu/capro/fruitwash.es.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está almacenando los alimentos en forma segura?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/esta-almacenando-los-alimentos-en-forma-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/are-you-storing-food-safely">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tan seguros son los colorantes?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-tan-seguros-son-los-colorantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-safe-are-color-additives">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Son seguros los alimentos si tienen sustancias químicas?" url="https://www.fda.gov//consumers/consumer-updates/son-seguros-los-alimentos-si-tienen-sustancias-quimicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/food-safe-if-it-has-chemicals">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los incendios pueden propagarse muy rápido en un hogar. Prevenirlos es una parte importante de la seguridad contra los incendios. Entérese aquí." title="Seguridad contra incendios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html" id="1905" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Prevenir incendios es una parte importante de la seguridad contra los incendios. En los Estados Unidos, cocinar es la principal causa de los incendios domésticos. Los cigarrillos también presentan un gran riesgo, son la primera causa de muerte por incendios. Estos son algunos consejos para su prevención:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; No deje la cocina o el horno encendidos sin vigilarlos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No permita que los niños utilicen aparatos de cocina sin su supervisión &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fume en la cama &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Asegúrese  que sus equipos electrodomésticos y cables estén en buenas condiciones&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También es importante estar preparado en caso de incendio. Asegúrese que su casa cuenta con alarmas de humo en buen funcionamiento en cada piso y en cada habitación. Además, tenga extintores (matafuegos) en cada piso y en la cocina. Tenga y practique un plan de evacuación en caso de que no se pueda usar la puerta principal.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/firesafety.html" id="536" language="English">Fire Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html" id="4605">Incendios forestales</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html" id="1791">Quemaduras</related-topic>
<site title="Adultos mayores: Cómo prevenir incendios en su casa" url="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/fire-safe-seniors/risk-factors-flyer-spa.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración Estadounidense para la Prevención de Incendios</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias" url="https://www.fema.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alarmas de humo: ¿Por qué, dónde y cuál?" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/559sSmokeAlarmWhyWhereandWhich_SP_0.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión  de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir los incendios en casa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fire.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fire.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Después de un incendio: Retornar a la normalidad" url="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fa_46s.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración Estadounidense para la Prevención de Incendios</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incendios en el hogar" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/incendios-en-el-hogar" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/home-fires">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de incendios" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/all-around/paginas/fire-safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/pages/Fire-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad contra incendios para adultos mayores" url="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fa_221s.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración Estadounidense para la Prevención de Incendios</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en casa: Cómo prevenir las quemaduras y los incendios (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-burns.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las vacunas le protegen a usted y a su familia de las enfermedades. Entérese sobre la seguridad de las vacunas en los Estados Unidos, la que incluye un completo proceso de prueba y evaluación de inmunizaciones antes de ser aprobadas." title="Seguridad de las vacunas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html" id="7668" language="Spanish" date-created="10/20/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las vacunas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt; juegan un papel importante para mantenernos saludables. Nos protegen de enfermedades graves y a veces mortales. Las vacunas son inyecciones, líquidos, pastillas o aerosoles nasales que usted toma para enseñarle al sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo a reconocer y defenderse de gérmenes dañinos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos tipos de vacunas contienen que causan enfermedades, pero estos gérmenes han sido eliminados o debilitados lo suficiente para que no le enfermen. Algunas vacunas solo tienen una parte de un germen. Otras tienen instrucciones para sus células con el fin de fabricar una proteína de un germen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos diferentes tipos de vacunas son capaces de desencadenar una respuesta inmune que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir los gérmenes. Su sistema inmunitario también recordará el germen y lo atacará si vuelve a invadirlo. Esta protección contra una determinada enfermedad se llama inmunidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ya que estas enfermedades pueden ser muy graves, es más seguro obtener inmunidad a partir de una vacuna que contraer la afección. Y para algunas vacunas, la inmunización puede brindarle una mejor respuesta inmunitaria que la que obtendría al contagiarse de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Causan las vacunas efectos secundarios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Como ocurre con los medicamentos, cualquier vacuna puede provocar efectos secundarios. La mayoría de las veces, los efectos secundarios son leves, como dolor en el brazo, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt; baja. En general, desaparecen en pocos días. Estos efectos secundarios comunes suelen ser una señal de que su cuerpo está comenzando a desarrollar inmunidad contra una enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si bien pueden ocurrir efectos secundarios graves por vacunas, son muy raros. Estos efectos secundarios pueden incluir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;reacción alérgica&lt;/a&gt; grave. Otros son diferentes para cada vacuna. Hable con su médico si le preocupa su salud tras vacunarse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A algunas personas les preocupa que las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;vacunas para niños&lt;/a&gt; puedan causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;trastorno del espectro autista&lt;/a&gt;. Sin embargo, muchos estudios científicos que lo han analizado no han encontrado ningún vínculo entre las vacunas y esta afección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se prueba la seguridad de las vacunas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cada vacuna aprobada en los Estados Unidos pasa por extensas pruebas de seguridad. Antes de que sea aprobada por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA), se realizan pruebas y evaluaciones. A menudo, este proceso puede tomar varios años.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Primero, la vacuna se prueba en laboratorios. Según los resultados, la FDA decide si se debe probar la vacuna en personas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las pruebas con personas se realizan a través de ensayos clínicos. En estos ensayos, las vacunas se prueban en voluntarios. 
En general, los ensayos clínicos comienzan con 20 a 100 voluntarios, pero eventualmente incluyen a miles de ellos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los ensayos clínicos tienen tres fases. Los ensayos buscan la respuesta a preguntas importantes como&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; ¿Es segura la vacuna?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Qué dosis (cantidad) funciona mejor?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; ¿Cómo reacciona el sistema inmunitario?&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;¿Qué tan efectivo es?&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Durante el proceso, la FDA trabaja en estrecha colaboración con la empresa que fabrica la vacuna para evaluar su seguridad y eficacia. Si se determina que la vacuna es segura y eficaz, será aprobada y autorizada por la FDA&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una vez que se autoriza una vacuna, los expertos pueden considerar agregarla al calendario de vacunación recomendado por los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). El calendario enumera qué vacunas se recomiendan para diferentes grupos de personas. Establece qué grupos de edad deben recibir vacunas específicas, cuántas dosis necesitan y cuándo deben recibirlas&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas y el control continúan después de aprobarse la vacuna:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La empresa que fabrica las vacunas prueba cada lote de inmunizaciones para verificar su calidad y seguridad. La FDA revisa los resultados de estas pruebas. También inspecciona las fábricas donde se elabora la vacuna. Estas medidas ayudan a asegurar que las vacunas cumplan con los estándares de calidad y seguridad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; La FDA, los CDC y otras agencias federales continúan monitoreando su seguridad para detectar posibles efectos secundarios y cuentan con sistemas para rastrear cualquier problema de seguridad con las vacunas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos altos estándares y pruebas de seguridad ayudan a garantizar que las vacunas en los Estados Unidos sean seguras. Las vacunas ayudan a proteger contra enfermedades graves, incluso mortales. No solo le protegen, sino que también ayudan a evitar que estas afecciones se propaguen a otras personas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html" id="7667" language="English">Vaccine Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html" id="6237">Vacuna para la gripe</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" id="7648">Vacunas contra el COVID-19</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6323">Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<site title="Ingredientes de las vacunas" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/vaccine-ingredients/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/vaccine-ingredients/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reporte un evento adverso" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de las vacunas: Conozca los hechos" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/Paginas/vaccine-safety-the-facts.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/las-vacunas/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vaccines-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas y seguridad" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/safety/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/safety/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se prueban las vacunas?" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/how-are-vaccines-tested-spanish.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/how-are-vaccines-tested.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Existe una conexión entre las vacunas y el autismo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/autism-studies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un equipo médico es cualquier dispositivo usado para diagnosticar, curar o tratar una enfermedad. Entérese cómo utilizarlos en forma segura. " title="Seguridad de los equipos médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaldevicesafety.html" id="4155" language="Spanish" date-created="12/05/2013">
<also-called>Cómo usar los equipos médicos con seguridad</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un equipo médico es cualquier dispositivo usado para diagnosticar, curar o tratar una enfermedad o para prevenirla. Van desde pequeños y simples, como un medidor de glucosa en la sangre, a grandes y complejos, como un ventilador mecánico. Usted puede utilizar alguno en la casa o el trabajo, o tal vez necesite uno en un hospital. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para utilizar los dispositivos médicos en forma segura:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Conozca cómo funciona el dispositivo. Mantenga las instrucciones cerca&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entienda y responda adecuadamente a las alarmas de los dispositivos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tenga un plan de respaldo y suministros en caso de una emergencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenga los números de emergencia disponibles y actualícelos cuando sea necesario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eduque a su familia y cuidadores sobre su dispositivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaldevicesafety.html" id="4154" language="English">Medical Device Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html" id="1870">Seguridad de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo denunciar problemas con los productos y presentar quejas ante la FDA" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-denunciar-problemas-con-los-productos-y-presentar-quejas-ante-la-fda" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm095859.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de agujas y objetos cortopunzantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000444.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La seguridad con los medicamentos y equipos médicos significa comprar medicinas solo de farmacias legítimas y tomar medicinas correctamente. Más aquí." title="Seguridad de los medicamentos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html" id="1870" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Seguridad al comprar medicinas</also-called>
<also-called>Seguridad de los remedios</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Antes de que cualquier medicamento pueda venderse en los Estados Unidos, debe ser aprobado por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés). Esto es así ya sea que se trate de un medicamento recetado o de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html"&gt;venta libre&lt;/a&gt;. La FDA evalúa tanto la eficacia como la seguridad de un medicamento al estudiar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cómo las pruebas en animales y los ensayos clínicos en humanos afectan el trastorno que el medicamento está tratando&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si se producen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cómo se fabrica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lo que dice el etiquetado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La FDA también supervisa la seguridad de un medicamento después de su aprobación. Los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes pueden informar los efectos secundarios de los medicamentos a través del &lt;a href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program"&gt;sitio web MedWatch&lt;/a&gt; de la FDA (en inglés).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para usted, la seguridad de los medicamentos significa comprar en línea solo en farmacias autorizadas ubicadas en los Estados Unidos. También significa saber cómo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;tomar sus medicinas correctamente&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html" id="1445" language="English">Drug Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html" id="1999">Alergia al látex</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html" id="5720">Errores en la administración de medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfraud.html" id="1935">Fraude en los servicios de salud</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html" id="5604">Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6006">Medicamentos y los niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951">Medicina herbaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaldevicesafety.html" id="4155">Seguridad de los equipos médicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Medicamentos, Seguridad de los</see-reference>
<site title="10 datos verídicos sobre lo que la FDA aprueba y no aprueba" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/10-datos-veridicos-de-la-fda-sobre-lo-que-la-fda-aprueba-y-no-aprueba" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/10-facts-about-what-fda-does-and-does-not-approve">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comunicaciones de la FDA sobre la seguridad de los medicamentos" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/comunicaciones-de-la-fda-sobre-la-seguridad-de-los-medicamentos-en-espanol">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprar medicamentos de forma segura en una farmacia virtual" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-comprar-medicamentos-de-forma-segura-en-una-farmacia-virtual" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-buy-medicines-safely-online-pharmacy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo denunciar problemas con los productos y presentar quejas ante la FDA" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-denunciar-problemas-con-los-productos-y-presentar-quejas-ante-la-fda" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm095859.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diez datos sobre lo que la FDA aprueba y no aprueba, Parte 2" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/10-datos-sobre-lo-que-la-fda-aprueba-y-no-aprueba-parte-2" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-does-fda-approve-part-2">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Farmacéuticos de la FDA ayudan a los consumidores a usar los medicamentos de una manera segura" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-farmaceuticos-de-la-fda-ayudan-los-consumidores-usar-los-medicamentos-de-una-manera-segura" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-pharmacists-help-you-use-medicines-safely">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huracanes e inundaciones: Efectos de las condiciones climáticas extremas sobre los productos biológicos" url="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/huracanes-e-inundaciones" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/SafetyAvailability/ProductSecurity/ucm147243.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Minuto de MedWatch: Los consumidores pueden reportar efectos secundarios inesperados, eventos adversos u otros problemas con productos regulados a través del programa MedWatch de la FDA" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1vdMyQUdAI&amp;feature=youtu.be">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Está realmente &quot;aprobado por la FDA&quot;?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/esta-realmente-aprobado-por-la-fda" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/it-really-fda-approved">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué medidas puede tomar para que su hijo esté seguro? Encuentre aquí información específica sobre la seguridad del niño." title="Seguridad del niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html" id="1813" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Como padres, queremos que nuestros hijos estén alejados del peligro. Tome las medidas necesarias para mantener a su hijo seguro:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Instale el asiento de seguridad adecuado para el niño en su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html"&gt;automóvil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enseñe a los niños a cruzar las calles con seguridad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese de que usan la ropa y el equipamiento correcto para hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html"&gt;deportes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Instale y pruebe las alarmas de humo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Guarde los medicamentos, los limpiadores y otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html"&gt;sustancias peligrosas&lt;/a&gt; en armarios cerrados con llave&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Haga que su casa sea segura para los bebés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No deje a los niños pequeños sin vigilancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" id="535" language="English">Child Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1974">Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schoolhealth.html" id="3613">Salud escolar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html" id="2038">Seguridad al conducir</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Seguridad de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Seguridad</see-reference>
<site title="Ambientes saludables para los niños" url="https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/libro-actividades-monica-ambientes-saludables-para-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/en/documents/activity-book-monicas-gang-healthy-environments-kids">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compartir la cama con su bebé" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cosleeping.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cosleeping.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cunas y su seguridad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000542.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las lesiones por caídas y por intentos de treparse a muebles o de agarrar objetos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-falls.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo pueden los juguetes magnéticos de alta potencia causar daño a los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/dangers-of-magnetic-toys-and-fake-piercings.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/pages/Dangers-of-Magnetic-Toys-and-Fake-Piercings.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="De 2 a 4 años: La seguridad de su hijo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Safety-for-Your-Child-2-to-4-Years.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Safety-for-Your-Child-2-to-4-Years.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="En mi centro de enseñanza alguien lleva un arma ¿Cómo debo actuar?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weapon-school.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weapon-school.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Juguetes láser: Cómo mantener seguros a los niños" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-juguetes-laser-como-mantener-seguros-los-ninos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones del ojo en los niños" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/los-ninos" language-mapped-url="http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/living/eye-injuries/preventing-eye-injuries-in-children.cfm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse seguro cerca de los animales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/animals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/animals.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mochilas seguras (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/backpack.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/backpack.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niño curioso sobre la seguridad del juguete" url="https://onsafety.cpsc.gov/es/2016/11/15/la-lista-de-juguetes-debe-empezar-por-la-seguridad/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión  de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niños y teléfonos móviles" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/ninos-y-telefonos-moviles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños: Mensajes de texto y sexting" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/ninos-mensajes-de-texto-y-sexting">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de traumatismos craneales en los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el baño para los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000154.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000154.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el manejo de las armas para niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguridad-en-el-manejo-de-las-armas-para-ninos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/kids/home-safety/gun-safety.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad para el bebé: Cómo mantener su casa segura para su bebé" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguridad-para-el-bebe-como-mantener-su-casa-segura-para-su-bebe/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/child-safety-keeping-your-home-safe-for-your-baby/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sillas de seguridad para niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000670.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Usted puede ayudar a prevenir errores médicos al ser un miembro activo de su equipo de atención médica. Entérese aquí cómo lograrlo. " title="Seguridad del paciente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientsafety.html" id="2082" language="Spanish" date-created="11/03/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted puede ayudar a prevenir los errores médicos al ser un miembro activo de su equipo de atención médica. Las investigaciones muestran que los pacientes que están más involucrados en su cuidado tienden a obtener mejores resultados. Para reducir el riesgo de errores médicos, usted puede:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer preguntas si tiene dudas o inquietudes. Vaya con un pariente o amigo a su cita médica para ayudarle a hacer preguntas y entender las respuestas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegúrese de entender lo que sucederá si necesita cirugía &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Informar a sus proveedores de atención médica sobre todos los medicamentos que toma, incluyendo medicinas de venta libre y suplementos dietéticos. Incluya información sobre cualquier alergia o reacciones adversas a la anestesia. Asegúrese de saber cómo tomar sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html"&gt;medicamentos en forma correcta&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Obtener una segunda opinión sobre las opciones de tratamiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Guardar una copia de su propia &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html"&gt;historia clínica&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Para la Calidad e Investigación y Cuidado de la Salud &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Asuntos personales de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616" language="English">Patient Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/patientrights.html" id="4254">Derechos del paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html" id="5720">Errores en la administración de medicamentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Confidencialidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Paciente, Seguridad del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Privacidad</see-reference>
<site title="Ayudar a prevenir los errores hospitalarios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000618.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Errores médicos: Consejos para ayudar a prevenirlos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/errores-medicos-20-consejos-para-ayudar-a-prevenirlos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/medical-errors-tips-to-help-prevent-them/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir infecciones al realizar visitas a alguien en el hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000448.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de inmovilizaciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000450.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000450.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Se queda en el hospital? Consejos de seguridad para su visita" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/se-queda-en-el-hospital" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/12/staying-hospital">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Jugar, nadar, navegar o bucear en el agua puede ser divertido, pero también puede ser peligroso, sobre todo para niños. Entérese sobre seguridad en el agua" title="Seguridad en el agua (Recreación)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/watersafetyrecreational.html" id="2280" language="Spanish" date-created="06/26/2003">
<also-called>Seguridad al nadar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Jugar en el agua, ya sea al nadar, navegar o bucear, puede ser divertido. También puede ser peligroso, especialmente para los niños. Tomar medidas de seguridad puede ayudar a prevenir lesiones y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html"&gt;ahogos&lt;/a&gt;. Para mantenerse seguro en el agua:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Evite el alcohol cuando nade o navegue &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Use un chaleco salvavidas cada vez que esté en un bote&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No nade solo o con mal tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Aprenda &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html"&gt;resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Aprenda a nadar y enséñele a sus niños  &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Supervise a sus niños cuando estén en el agua&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Prevenga las quemaduras por el sol y use suficiente bloqueador solar&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/watersafetyrecreational.html" id="1714" language="English">Water Safety (Recreational)</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html" id="1868">Ahogo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/barotrauma.html" id="6096">Barotrauma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safety.html" id="2131">Seguridad</related-topic>
<site title="Barotrauma del oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beber peligrosamente puede enfriar la diversión del verano" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/beber-peligrosamente-puede-enfriar-la-diversion-del-verano" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/risky-drinking-can-put-chill-on-your-summer-fun">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad en el agua" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Summer-Safety-Tips-Sun-and-Water-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/summertips.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la foliculitis del jacuzzi o sarpullido de la bañera de hidromasaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-la-foliculitis-del-jacuzzi-o-sarpullido-de-la-banera-de-hidromasaje.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/pdf/swimming/resources/pseudomonas-factsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con la natación y la recreación en el agua" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-enfermedades-relacionadas-con-la-natacion-y-la-recreacion-en-el-agua.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granuloma de las piscinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001357.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber sobre la natación y sus ojos" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/lo-que-debe-saber-sobre-la-natacion-y-sus-ojos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que puede hacer para mantenerse saludable en un jacuzzi o bañera de hidromasaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/safety/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-mantenerse-saludable-en-un-jacuzzi-o-banera-de-hidromasaje.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/swimmers/rwi/rashes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenerse seguro en el agua" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenerse-seguro-en-el-agua" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/06/staying-safe-water">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otitis externa (oído de nadador u otitis del nadador)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/swimmer-ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/swimmer-ear.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oído de nadador" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/swimmers-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351682?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con el agua al aire libre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/water-safety-outdoors.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/water-safety-outdoors.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el agua" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/water-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/water-safety.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el buceo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/buceo-seguro/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/scuba-diving-safety/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en la playa: diversión familiar segura en el sol, la arena y el mar" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/beach-safety-for-families-safe-fun-in-the-sun-sand-and-sea.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/safety-prevention/at-play/pages/beach-safety-for-families-safe-fun-in-the-sun-sand-and-sea.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Practicar deportes puede ser divertido, pero si no se tiene cuidado también puede ser peligroso. Aquí cómo prevenir lesiones jugando deportes." title="Seguridad en los deportes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html" id="2276" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Practicar deportes puede ser divertido, pero si no se tiene cuidado también puede ser peligroso. Puede ayudar a prevenir lesiones si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Se hace un examen físico para asegurarse de que se encuentra sano antes de empezar a practicar su deporte &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Utiliza los zapatos, la ropa y el equipo adecuados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Bebe mucha agua &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Calienta y estira los músculos antes de empezar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene alguna lesión previa durante la práctica de un deporte, asegúrese de recuperarse completamente antes de comenzar de nuevo. Si es posible, proteja la parte del cuerpo lesionada con un dispositivo acojinado, un aparato ortopédico o equipo especial. Cuando comience nuevamente, hágalo lentamente.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safetyissues.html" id="29">Asuntos de seguridad</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html" id="1702" language="English">Sports Safety</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html" id="2168">Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html" id="2169">Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/watersafetyrecreational.html" id="2280">Seguridad en el agua (Recreación)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Deportes, Seguridad</see-reference>
<site title="4 Cuartos sobre la seguridad de los casos del fútbol americano" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/348.pdf#page=2" language-mapped-url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/348.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión  de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para mantener abrigados a los niños en el invierno" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad para personas mayores cuando hacen ejercicio al aire libre" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad: Baloncesto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/safety-basketball.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-basketball.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad: Béisbol" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-baseball.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-baseball.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad: El hockey sobre hielo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/safety-hockey.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-hockey.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos de seguridad: esquí" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/safety-skiing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/safety-skiing.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Correr: Previniendo lesiones por sobreuso" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/correr-previniendo-lesiones-por-sobreuso/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/sports/147.printerview.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar lesiones relacionadas con el ejercicio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar la bicicleta del tamaño apropiado para su niño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/choosing-the-right-size-bicycle.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/pages/Choosing-the-Right-Size-Bicycle.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deportes de invierno" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/winter-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/winter-sports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deportes y la seguridad de los ojos: Recomendaciones para padres y maestros" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/los-deportes-y-la-seguridad-de-los-ojos-recomendaciones-para-padres-y-maestros" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/sports-and-eye-safety-tips-parents-and-teachers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de espalda y los deportes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes físicos deportivos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sports-physicals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sports-physicals.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes médicos deportivos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000673.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000673.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retornar a los deportes después de una lesión en la espalda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en el buceo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/buceo-seguro/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/scuba-diving-safety/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad en los deportes y el ejercicio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sport-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sport-safety.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trampolines: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/trampolines-what-you-need-to-know.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Trampolines-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tríada de la atleta femenina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/triada-de-la-mujer-deportista-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/female-athlete-triad/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los seguros de salud le ayudan a enfrentar los altos costos de la atención médica. Entérese sobre los diferentes tipos de aseguranza que existen." title="Seguro de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html" id="1936" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Aseguranza</also-called>
<also-called>Seguro médico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El seguro para el cuidado de la salud ayuda a la gente a protegerse contra los elevados costos médicos. Es un contrato entre la persona y la compañía de seguros en donde la persona compra un plan y la compañía accede a cubrir parte de los gastos médicos.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Mucha gente en los Estados Unidos tiene un seguro para el cuidado de la salud a través de sus empleadores. En la mayoría de los casos, el empleador ayuda a pagar  ese seguro. El seguro a través de los empleadores suele ser un plan de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/managedcare.html"&gt;atención médica administrada&lt;/a&gt;. Estos planes contratan a profesionales de la salud y centros médicos para suministrarles atención médica a los afiliados, con costos reducidos. También puede adquirir por su cuenta un seguro para el cuidado de la salud.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Las personas que cumplen con ciertos requisitos pueden tener derecho a un seguro gubernamental para el cuidado de la salud, tales como  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html"&gt;Medicare&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaid.html"&gt;Medicaid&lt;/a&gt;. La Ley del Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio amplia la cobertura para muchas personas en los Estados Unidos.   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html" id="274" language="English">Health Insurance</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html" id="3187">Asistencia económica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaid.html" id="2026">Medicaid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html" id="2027">Medicare</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/managedcare.html" id="2022">Planes de administración de seguros de salud</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aseguranza</see-reference>
<site title="Beneficios de cuidado preventivo: Lo que cubren los planes" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/coverage/preventive-care-benefits/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Busque cobertura para su familia: Programas en su estado" url="https://espanol.insurekidsnow.gov/coverage/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Búsqueda de un seguro de salud asequible" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-care.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco maneras de aprovechar su cobertura médica" url="https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/OMH/Downloads/C2C-Postcard-Spanish-April.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cobertura de enfermedades preexistentes" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/coverage/pre-existing-conditions/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cobertura de Medicaid y CHIP" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/medicaid-chip/getting-medicaid-chip/" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthcare.gov/medicaid-chip/getting-medicaid-chip/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Contáctenos (sobre la Ley del Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio)" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/contact-us/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuentas de ahorros para gastos de atención médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000864.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CuidadoDeSalud.gov" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthcare.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo elegir un plan de salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000861.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo interpretar los planes de seguros médicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000879.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000879.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo interpretar su factura del hospital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000881.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo interpretar sus costos de atención médica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000878.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar un plan de seguro médico" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/choose-a-plan/comparing-plans/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derechos y protecciones de la cobertura de salud" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/health-care-law-protections/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detecte las estafas de seguro de salud" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/detecte-las-estafas-de-seguro-de-salud">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (Ley de Salud a Bajo Precio)" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/glossary/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para el empleado sobre los beneficios de salud bajo COBRA" url="https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/EBSA/about-ebsa/our-activities/resource-center/publications/an-employees-guide-to-health-benefits-under-cobra-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Trabajo</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guía rápida para el Mercado de Seguros Médicos" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/quick-guide/" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthcare.gov/quick-guide/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Por qué la cobertura de salud es importante" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/why-coverage-is-important/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reportar cambios de ingresos, hogar y otros cambios" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/reporting-changes/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguro de salud: comprender qué cubre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/seguro-medico-entendiendo-lo-que-este-cubre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/health-insurance-understanding-covers/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios preventivos de salud para mujeres" url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/preventive-care-women/" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthcare.gov/preventive-care-women/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo contratar un seguro médico?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/buy-health-insurance.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/buy-health-insurance.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Seizures are caused by sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain. They can be mild or severe. Learn about the types, causes, and treatments." title="Seizures" url="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html" id="396" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal 
electrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often think of convulsions in which a person's body 
shakes rapidly and uncontrollably. Not all seizures cause convulsions. There are many types 
of seizures and some have mild symptoms. Seizures fall into two main groups. Focal 
seizures, also called partial seizures, happen in just one part of the brain. Generalized 
seizures are a result of abnormal activity on both sides of the brain. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most seizures last from 30 seconds to 2 minutes and do not cause lasting harm. However, 
it is a medical emergency if seizures last longer than 5 minutes or if a person has many 
seizures and does not wake up between them. Seizures can have many causes, including 
medicines, high fevers, head injuries and certain diseases.  People who have recurring 
seizures due to a brain disorder have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html"&gt;epilepsy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html" id="2141" language="Spanish">Convulsiones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012640">Seizures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/seizures.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html" id="244">Epilepsy</related-topic>
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<site title="Epilepsy and Seizures" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/epilepsy-and-seizures">
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<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
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<site title="Find a Doctor" url="https://my.aesnet.org/FindaDoctor">
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<site title="First Aid for Seizures" url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/spanish/primeros-auxilios.html">
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<site title="Focal Aware Seizures (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/focal-aware-seizures.html">
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<site title="Focal Impaired Awareness Seizures (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/focal-impaired-aware-seizures.html">
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<site title="Frontal Lobe Seizures" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/frontal-lobe-seizures/symptoms-causes/syc-20353958?p=1">
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<site title="Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tonic-clonic-seizures.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/genetic-epilepsy-with-febrile-seizures-plus">
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<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Infantile Spasms" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/infantile-spasms">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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<site title="Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/juvenile-myoclonic-epilepsy">
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<site title="Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/malignant-migrating-partial-seizures-of-infancy">
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<site title="Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/molybdenum-cofactor-deficiency">
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<site title="Myoclonic epilepsy myopathy sensory ataxia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-myopathy-sensory-ataxia">
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Self-harm refers to a person harming themselves on purpose. About 1 in 100 people experience this. Learn ways to find relief and cope with emotions." title="Self-Harm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html" id="6091" language="English" date-created="01/07/2013">
<also-called>Self-injury</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is self-harm?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Self-harm, or self-injury, is when a person hurts his or her own body on purpose. The injuries may be minor, but sometimes they can be severe. They may leave permanent scars or cause serious health problems. Some examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cutting yourself (such as using a razor blade, knife, or other sharp object to cut your skin)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Punching yourself or punching things (like a wall)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Burning yourself with cigarettes, matches, or candles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pulling out your hair&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poking objects through body openings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breaking your bones or bruising yourself&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Self-harm is not a mental disorder. It is a behavior - an unhealthy way to cope with strong feelings. However, some of the people who harm themselves do have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental disorder&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who harm themselves are usually not trying to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;attempt suicide&lt;/a&gt;.  But they are at higher risk of attempting suicide if they do not get help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why do people harm themselves?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different reasons why people harm themselves. Often, they have trouble coping and dealing with their feelings. They harm themselves to try to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make themselves feel something (because they feel empty or numb inside)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Block upsetting memories&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Show that they need help&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Release strong feelings that overwhelm them, such as anger, loneliness, or hopelessness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Punish themselves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel a sense of control&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for self-harm?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are people of all ages who harm themselves, but it usually starts in the teen or early adult years. Self-harm is more common in people who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Were &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;abused&lt;/a&gt; or went through a trauma as children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have mental disorders, such as 
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;Eating disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;Post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html"&gt;personality disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Misuse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drugs&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have friends who self-harm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have low self-esteem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the signs of self-harm?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Signs that someone may be hurting themselves include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having frequent cuts, bruises, or scars&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing long sleeves or pants even in hot weather&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making excuses about injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having sharp objects around for no clear reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I help someone who self-harms?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If someone you know is self-harming, it is important not to be judgmental. Let that person know that you want to help. If the person is a child or teenager, ask him or her to talk to a trusted adult. If he or she won't do that, talk to a trusted adult yourself. If the person who is self-harming is an adult, suggest mental health counseling.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What the treatments are for self-harm?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are no medicines to treat self-harming behaviors. But there are medicines to treat any mental disorders that the person may have, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt; and depression. Treating the mental disorder may weaken the urge to self-harm.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Mental health counseling or therapy can also help by teaching the person:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problem-solving skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;New ways to cope with strong emotions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Better relationship skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ways to strengthen self-esteem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the problem is severe, the person may need more intensive treatment in a psychiatric hospital or a mental health day program.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html" id="6092" language="Spanish">Autolesión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016728">Self-Injurious Behavior</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184">Child Behavior Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676">Mental Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html" id="424">Suicide</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637">Teen Mental Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cutting</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hair Pulling</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Self-Injurious Behavior" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Self-Injurious+Behavior%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Trichotillomania" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Trichotillomania%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cutting &amp; Self-Injury" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cutting.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Help a Friend Who Cuts?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/friend-cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/friend-cuts.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Stop Cutting?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/resisting-cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/resisting-cutting.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Self-Harm" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Self-Injurious+Behavior%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Self Harm -- Cutting" url="https://familydoctor.org/self-harm-cutting/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dano-si-mismo-cortarse/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self-Harm" url="https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Common-with-Mental-Illness/Self-harm/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self-Harm and Trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/self_harm.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichotillomania" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/trichotillomania.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Children and Teens Self-Harm" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El gluten se encuentra en el trigo, el centeno y la cebada. Las personas con sensibilidad al gluten tienen problemas de salud. Síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Sensibilidad al gluten" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glutensensitivity.html" id="6245" language="Spanish" date-created="07/28/2015">
<also-called>Intolerancia al gluten</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El gluten es una proteína que se encuentra en el trigo, el centeno y la cebada. Se encuentra principalmente en los alimentos, pero también puede encontrarse en otros productos como medicamentos, vitaminas y suplementos. Las personas con sensibilidad al gluten tienen problemas con esta proteína. En ocasiones, la sensibilidad al gluten puede llamarse sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca o intolerancia al gluten.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La sensibilidad al gluten es diferente a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad celíaca&lt;/a&gt;. Ambas implican problemas con el gluten. También pueden causar algunos de los mismos síntomas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html"&gt;dolor abdominal&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt;. Pero la enfermedad celíaca daña el intestino delgado. La sensibilidad al gluten no.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La alergia al trigo, un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html"&gt;alergia alimentaria&lt;/a&gt;, también es diferente de la sensibilidad al gluten y de la enfermedad celíaca. La alergia al trigo puede causar algunos síntomas diferentes, como picazón en los ojos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;. La alergia al trigo no daña el intestino delgado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Además del dolor abdominal y la fatiga, la sensibilidad al gluten puede causar síntomas digestivos. Pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html"&gt;gases&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt;. También puede tener otros síntomas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;, dolor en las articulaciones y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores todavía están conociendo más sobre la sensibilidad al gluten. Si su profesional de la salud piensa que lo tiene, le puede sugerir que deje de comer gluten para ver si sus síntomas mejoran. Sin embargo, primero debe hacerse una prueba para asegurarse de que no tiene enfermedad celíaca. Esto se puede hacer con un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-enfermedad-celiaca/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsias&lt;/a&gt; del intestino delgado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la sensibilidad al gluten suelen mejorar con una dieta sin gluten. Pero es importante asegurarse de seguir recibiendo suficientes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fibra&lt;/a&gt;. Su profesional de la salud o nutricionista puede ayudarle a planificar su dieta.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina de Salud de la Mujer del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/glutensensitivity.html" id="6244" language="English">Gluten Sensitivity</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802">Enfermedad celíaca</related-topic>
<site title="Aprenda sobre las dietas sin gluten" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000813.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000813.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta libre de gluten" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/dieta-sin-gluten/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta libre de gluten:  mitos y realidades" url="https://gluten.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/EDU_Facts-and-Myths-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://gluten.org/2019/12/16/the-gluten-free-diet-facts-and-myths/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta sin gluten" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gluten-free-diet/art-20048530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gluten-free-diet/art-20048530?p=1">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta sin gluten: Guía para las familias" url="https://gikids.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/138015-NASPGHAN-Gluten-Free-Guide-Spanish_Proof1.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad celíaca e intolerancia al gluten" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/food-allergies-and-sensitivities/celiac-disease-and-gluten-intolerance" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/food-allergies-and-sensitivities/celiac-disease-and-gluten-intolerance">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad celíaca, sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca y alergia alimentaria: ¿En qué se diferencian?" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/enfermedad-celiaca,-sensibilidad-al-gluten-no-celi">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gluten y la enfermedad celíaca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/gluten-y-la-enfermedad-celiaca/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/gluten-and-celiac-disease/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Guía para iniciar una dieta sin gluten" url="https://gluten.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EDU_Getting-Started-on-a-GF-Diet-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/14/getting-started-on-a-gluten-free-diet/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de alergias alimentarias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sensibilidad al gluten" url="https://gluten.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/EDU_GS-Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/15/gluten-sensitivity/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Si dice 'Sin gluten' significa que no tiene gluten" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/si-dice-sin-gluten-significa-que-no-tiene-gluten" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/gluten-free-means-what-it-says">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sepsis is a serious illness and can lead to a life threatening condition called septic shock. Read about symptoms, treatment and risk factors for sepsis." title="Sepsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html" id="3210" language="English" date-created="06/03/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Sepsis is your body's overactive and extreme response to an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;infection&lt;/a&gt;. Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency. Without quick treatment, it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sepsis happens when an infection you already have triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacterial infections&lt;/a&gt; are the most common cause, but other types of infections can also cause it.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The infections are often in the lungs, stomach, kidneys, or bladder. It's possible for sepsis to begin with a small cut that gets infected or with an infection that develops after surgery. Sometimes, sepsis can occur in people who didn't even know that they had an infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone with an infection could get sepsis. But certain people are more likely to develop it:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 65 or older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with chronic (long-lasting) conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weakened immune systems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnant women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children younger than one&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sepsis can cause one or more of these symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid breathing and heart rate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion or disorientation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extreme pain or discomfort&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;, shivering, or feeling very cold&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clammy or sweaty skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's important to get medical care &lt;strong&gt;right away&lt;/strong&gt; if you think you might have sepsis or if your infection is not getting better or is getting worse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can sepsis cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Severe cases of sepsis can lead to septic shock, where your blood pressure drops to a dangerous level and multiple organs can fail.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is sepsis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have sepsis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, which includes checking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html"&gt;vital signs&lt;/a&gt; (your temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will likely order lab tests that check for signs of infection or organ damage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; to find the location of the infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many of the signs and symptoms of sepsis can also be caused by other medical conditions. This may make sepsis hard to diagnose in its early stages.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is very important to get treatment right away. Treatment usually includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maintaining blood flow to organs. This may involve getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxygen&lt;/a&gt; and intravenous (IV) fluids.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treating the source of the infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If needed, medicines to increase blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In serious cases, you might need kidney dialysis or a breathing tube. Some people need surgery to remove tissue damaged by the infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can sepsis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To prevent sepsis, you should try to prevent getting an infection:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take good care of any chronic health conditions that you have&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get recommended &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;good hygiene&lt;/a&gt;, such as handwashing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep cuts clean and covered until healed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of General Medical SciencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html" id="3211" language="Spanish">Sepsis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018805">Sepsis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158">Bacterial Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bacteremia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Blood Poisoning</see-reference>
<see-reference>Septic Shock</see-reference>
<see-reference>Septicemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Toxic Shock Syndrome</see-reference>
<site title="About Sepsis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/es/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteremia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacteremia-sepsis-and-septic-shock/bacteremia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/bacteriemia-septicemia-y-choque-s%C3%A9ptico/bacteriemia?query=Bacteriemia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Culture" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest3.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003744.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bacteremia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bacteremia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sepsis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sepsis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Septicemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Septicemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shock, Septic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shock,+Septic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Group B Strep Surveillance and Trends" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/php/surveillance/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/about/fast-facts-sp.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group B streptococcal septicemia of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001366.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactate Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lactic acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal sepsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007303.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy-Related Deaths Are on the Rise…and Sepsis Is a Big Reason" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procalcitonin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/procalcitonin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-procalcitonina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sepsis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000666.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sepsis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sepsis-es.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000668.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001355.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Safe From Sepsis: Preventing Infections and Improving Survival" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/01/staying-safe-sepsis" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-evitar-la-sepsis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxic-shock-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355384?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic shock syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000653.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Sepsis?" url="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/sepsis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/sepsis-spanish.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Sepsis?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-is-sepsis" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/que-es-la-septicemia">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La sepsis es una enfermedad grave. Ocurre cuando el cuerpo tiene una fuerte respuesta inmunitaria a una infección bacteriana. Síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Sepsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html" id="3211" language="Spanish" date-created="06/27/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La sepsis es la respuesta abrumadora y extrema de su cuerpo a una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;infección&lt;/a&gt;. La sepsis es una emergencia médica que puede ser mortal. Sin un tratamiento rápido, puede provocar daños en los tejidos, falla orgánica e incluso la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La sepsis ocurre cuando una infección desencadena una reacción en cadena en todo el cuerpo. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infecciones bacterianas&lt;/a&gt; son la causa más común, pero otros tipos de infecciones también pueden provocarla.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones a menudo ocurren en los pulmones, el estómago, los riñones o la vejiga. Es posible que la sepsis comience con un pequeño corte que se infecta o con una infección que se desarrolla después de una operación. A veces, la sepsis puede ocurrir en personas que ni siquiera sabían que tenían una infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona que tiene una infección puede contraer sepsis. Pero ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de tenerla:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores de 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas con afecciones crónicas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Niños menores de un año &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La sepsis puede causar uno o más de estos síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Respiración y frecuencia cardíaca rápida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Confusión o desorientación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor o molestia extrema&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;, escalofríos o sensación de mucho frío&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Piel húmeda o sudorosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante obtener atención médica &lt;strong&gt;de inmediato&lt;/strong&gt; si cree que puede tener sepsis o si su infección no mejora o empeora.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los casos graves de sepsis pueden provocar shock séptico, en el cual la presión arterial cae a un nivel peligroso y pueden fallar varios órganos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene sepsis, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Analizará su historia clínica, lo que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico, incluyendo medir sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html"&gt;signos vitales&lt;/a&gt; (temperatura, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca y respiración)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es probable que solicite pruebas de laboratorio para detectar signos de infección o daño a órganos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt; para encontrar la ubicación de la infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos de los signos y síntomas de la sepsis también pueden ser causados por otras afecciones médicas. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil de diagnosticar en sus primeras etapas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es muy importante recibir tratamiento de inmediato. En general, el tratamiento incluye:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantener el flujo sanguíneo a los órganos, lo que puede significar asistencia con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;oxígeno&lt;/a&gt; y líquidos por vía intravenosa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tratar la causa de la infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si es necesario, medicamentos para subir la presión arterial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis renal o un tubo de respiración. Algunas personas necesitan cirugía para eliminar el tejido dañado por la infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la sepsis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir la sepsis, debe tratar de evitar una infección:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Cuide bien cualquier afección de salud crónica que tenga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Obtenga las vacunas que se recomiendan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Practique una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;buena higiene&lt;/a&gt;, como lavarse las manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Mantenga las heridas limpias y cubiertas hasta que sanen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html" id="3210" language="English">Sepsis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html" id="1767">Infecciones bacterianas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Septicemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Shock tóxico</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteriemia" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/bacteriemia-septicemia-y-choque-s%C3%A9ptico/bacteriemia?query=Bacteriemia" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacteremia-sepsis-and-septic-shock/bacteremia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo evitar la sepsis: Prevención de infecciones y mejora de la supervivencia" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-evitar-la-sepsis" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/01/staying-safe-sepsis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemocultivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003744.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003744.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información Básica Sobre Sepsis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/es/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muertes relacionadas con el embarazo están aumentando y la septicemia es una de las principales razones" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/las-muertes-relacionadas-con-el-embarazo-estan-aumentando-y-la-septicemia-es-una-de-las-principales-razones" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/pregnancy-related-deaths-are-on-the-rise-and-sepsis-is-a-big-reason">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cultivo de bacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de procalcitonina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-procalcitonina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/procalcitonin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17032/la-sepsis/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000666.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis neonatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007303.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001355.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sepsis-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sepsis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia neonatal por estreptococos del grupo B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001366.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock séptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000668.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxic-shock.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxic-shock.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000653.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la septicemia?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/que-es-la-septicemia" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-is-sepsis">
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La atención médica en el hogar permite a un paciente con necesidades especiales atenderse en casa. Entérese sobre los distintos servicios que se entregan. " title="Servicios de atención médica a domicilio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html" id="2260" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Atención médica en el hogar</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La atención médica a domicilio es el cuidado que permite a una persona con necesidades especiales permanecer en su casa. Puede ser para quienes están envejeciendo (o envejecen en el hogar). También puede servir para enfermos crónicos, pacientes que se recuperan de cirugías o personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidades&lt;/a&gt;. Los servicios de atención médica a domicilio incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cuidados personales: Consiste en entregar ayuda al bañarse, el lavado del cabello o vestirse  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tareas del hogar: Asistencia con la limpieza, labores en el jardín y lavado de la ropa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cocinar para usted o entregar comidas  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Administración del dinero: Ayudar a llenar formularios o formas y asegurarse de pagar las cuentas a tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Atención de salud: Una persona puede ir a su casa para cuidar de su salud en su hogar u obtener atención de su proveedor de atención médica a través de la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html"&gt;telesalud&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible recibir casi cualquier tipo de ayuda en su casa. Muchos son servicios pagados, pero algunos tipos de atención y de servicios comunitarios son gratuitos o donados. En ocasiones, los programas del Gobierno o del seguro de salud le ayudarán a cubrir el costo de algunos servicios de atención médica a domicilio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html" id="1659" language="English">Home Care Services</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html" id="2232">Proveedor de atención al paciente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html" id="2265">Residencias con atención personalizada</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" id="7468">Telesalud</related-topic>
<see-reference>Atención médica a domicilio, Servicio de</see-reference>
<site title="Buscar y comparar proveedores cerca de usted" url="https://es.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=HomeHealth" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=HomeHealth">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado a largo plazo ¿Está cubierto por Medicare?" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/long-term-care">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de la demencia en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007428.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados de salud en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000434.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los servicios médicos de emergencia pueden salvar vidas. El 9-1-1 es un ejemplo. Entérese sobre los servicios de urgencia." title="Servicios de emergencias médicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html" id="3874" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si está muy enfermo o gravemente herido y necesita ayuda inmediata, debe utilizar los servicios médicos de urgencia. Estos servicios emplean a personas especialmente capacitadas y centros especialmente equipados. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tal vez se requiera atenderlo en la sala de urgencias del hospital. Los médicos y las enfermeras que se encuentran ahí tratan las urgencias médicas, como los infartos y lesiones. En algunas urgencias, la ayuda es necesaria en el lugar donde se encuentra el paciente. Los técnicos médicos de urgencias, o EMT, por sus siglas en inglés, realizan trabajos de rescate específicos. Responden a llamadas de emergencia, conducen ambulancias y brindan atención médica básica. Algunos EMT son paramédicos - están capacitados para realizar procedimientos médicos en el lugar de los hechos. Por lo general, llevan a los pacientes hasta la sala de urgencias para que reciban más atención. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted o alguien que conoce necesitan atención de urgencia, diríjase a la sala de urgencias de su hospital. Si cree que el problema pone en peligro la vida de la persona, llame al 911.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html" id="3873" language="English">Emergency Medical Services</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html" id="1906">Primeros auxilios</related-topic>
<site title="Cuándo utilizar el servicio de urgencias para los adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000593.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo utilizar el servicio de urgencias para un niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000594.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enseñar a su hijo a utilizar el teléfono de emergencias (911)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/911.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/911.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir al servicio de urgencias (emergencias)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/emergency-room.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/emergency-room.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer ante una emergencia (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/emergency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/emergency.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reconocimiento de emergencias médicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001927.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué necesita saber en una emergencia?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/healthin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/healthin.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sexual assault is any kind of sexual activity, contact, or experience that happens without your consent. It is never the victim's fault. Learn more." title="Sexual Assault" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html" id="380" language="English" date-created="06/28/1999">
<also-called>Rape</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is sexual assault?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sexual assault is any kind of sexual activity, contact, or experience that happens &lt;strong&gt;without&lt;/strong&gt; your consent. That means the sexual activity happens even though you don't agree to it.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Sexual assault may happen with:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical force or threats of force&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sexual coercion (being pressured, tricked, threatened, or forced in a nonphysical way)&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Alcohol or drugs, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html"&gt;date rape drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sexual assault may also be called sexual violence or sexual abuse. It affects millions of people each year. Anyone can be a victim of sexual assault. Many victims first experience &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;sexual assault during childhood&lt;/a&gt;. Most victims are girls and women. But many boys and men are also victims of sexual assault.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;If you've been sexually assaulted, it's never your fault. It's something that happens to you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What does sexual assault include?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sexual assault is any &lt;strong&gt;unwanted&lt;/strong&gt; sexual activity, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexual activity with physical contact&lt;/strong&gt;, which is everything from sexual touching or kissing to rape or attempted rape&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sexual activity without physical contact&lt;/strong&gt;, which includes things that may happen in person, online, or through texts, such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;"Flashing" or exhibitionism (when someone shows you their genitals without asking you for permission)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Being forced to look at sexual images or pose for sexual photos&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Being sent unwanted texts with sexual photos or messages&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Voyeurism (when someone watches private sexual acts without permission)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Getting sexual threats or being sexually harassed (unwelcome sexual comments, requests for sexual favors, or other sexual behavior that's ongoing)&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Any sexual activity that happens without your consent is sexual assault.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What does "consent" mean?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Giving your consent means that you clearly and freely say "yes" to sexual activity. Your consent means that you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Know and understand what's going on.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can say what you want to do and don't want to do.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are not underage.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are not being pressured or tricked to do things you don't want to do.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Giving consent is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Silence.&lt;/strong&gt; Not saying "no" doesn't mean you're saying "yes."&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having consented in the past.&lt;/strong&gt; Having said "yes" to sex with someone in the past doesn't mean that you've agreed to all sexual activity in the future. That's true when you're dating or in a lasting relationship.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being passive&lt;/strong&gt; and not fighting off an attacker.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You cannot give consent if you are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drugged, drunk, passed out, or asleep.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mentally unable to consent due to illness or disability.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Underage (States have different laws about how old you must be to give legal consent to sexual activity.).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sexually coerced. This means that someone is pressuring you to participate in sexual activity. Agreeing to sex under pressure is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; giving consent. The pressure may include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Abusing power over you, for example, a boss threatening your job.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Making threats to harm people you care about.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Making false promises to reward you for sex.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Threatening to end a relationship or spread rumors about you.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Wearing you down by constantly asking for sex or making you feel guilty or obligated.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who commits sexual assault?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Both men and women commit sexual assault. A person who commits sexual assault may be a stranger, but more often it's someone you know, for example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A friend or acquaintance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Someone you work with&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A neighbor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A family member&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A current or past romantic partner, including a spouse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the possible health effects from sexual assault?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Sexual assault may have many health effects. Many of them can affect your lifelong health and well-being. The effects may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical effects&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;Bruises&lt;/a&gt; or genital injuries&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;Sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Ongoing problems with:
			&lt;ul&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;Female reproductive health&lt;/li&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html"&gt;Digestive disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
				&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealth.html"&gt;Sexual health&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;/ul&gt;
		&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psychological effects&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Thoughts about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="367"&gt;Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sexual assault victims are more likely to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoke&lt;/a&gt;, have  an &lt;a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120"&gt;alcohol use disorder (AUD)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;use illegal drugs&lt;/a&gt;, and have risky sexual behavior. Girls who experience sexual violence are more likely to become victims of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;intimate partner violence&lt;/a&gt;  in adulthood.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What can I do if I'm a victim of sexual assault?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you are in danger or need medical care, call 911.&lt;/strong&gt; If you can, get away from the person who assaulted you and get to a safe place as fast as you can.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;You can call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-HOPE (4673) to connect with a sexual assault service provider in your area who can direct you to local resources.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Getting support after a sexual assault may help you cope better and reduce the long-term effects. Victim services like rape crisis centers may provide a safe, healing place where you can find support.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Studies show that treatments such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) can help victims cope with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can sexual assault be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sexual assault is never the victim's fault. No one who has been assaulted should be blamed for something that they did or did not do.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;You can take some steps to try to be safer around others:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Go to parties with friends.&lt;/strong&gt; Look out for each other. If a friend seems drunk or drugged, get them to a safe place. Have a plan for how you'll get home, too.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep control of your drink.&lt;/strong&gt; Someone could add alcohol or put a drug in it without you knowing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meet people for the first time in a public place.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Listen to your "gut feelings."&lt;/strong&gt; If you feel uncomfortable around someone, leave.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pay attention to your surroundings.&lt;/strong&gt; When walking alone, stay in busy well-lit areas. And don't wear headphones; you want to be able to hear what's happening around you.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html" id="2118" language="Spanish">Agresión sexual</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012742">Sex Offenses</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html" id="3781">Child Sexual Abuse</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="514">Intimate Partner Violence</related-topic>
<see-reference>Rape</see-reference>
<site title="About the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/about/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sex Offenses" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sex+Offenses%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sexual Assault" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sexual+Assault%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Reactions After Trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Date Rape Drugs" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/date-rape-drugs">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women" url="https://www.justice.gov/ovw">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Sexual Trauma" url="https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/mst_general_factsheet.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/Spanish/MentalHealth/PTSD/EmotionalHealth/142,UG4317_ES_VA">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center for PTSD" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Sexual Violence" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sexual-violence/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Assault" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sex+Offenses%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rape" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/rape" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/rape">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resources by State on Violence against Women" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Assault" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/sexual-assault" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/sexual-assault">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual assault - prevention" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007461.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Assault Experienced as an Adult" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/type/sexual_assault_adult.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Assault on College Campuses" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/college-sexual-assault" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual-assault-and-rape/college-sexual-assault">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Assault: Males" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/types/sexual_trauma_male.asp">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual violence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001955.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Violence Prevention Resource for Action" url="https://www.cdc.gov/violence-prevention/media/pdf/resources-for-action/SV-Prevention-Resource_508.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Violence Prevention Resources" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sexual-violence/communication-resources/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sexuality is part of life. Learn about what leads to better sexual health, as well as the problems that can affect your ability to have or enjoy sex." title="Sexual Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealth.html" id="1542" language="English" date-created="09/24/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sexuality is a big part of being human. Love, affection and sexual intimacy all play a role in healthy relationships. They also contribute to your sense of well-being. A number of disorders can affect the ability to have or enjoy sex  in both &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html"&gt;men&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html"&gt;women&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Factors that can affect sexual health include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fear of unplanned pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Concerns about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;Sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines that affect sexual desire or performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html" id="2143" language="Spanish">Salud sexual</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000074384">Sexual Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html" id="118">Erectile Dysfunction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html" id="250">Infertility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/penisdisorders.html" id="1360">Penis Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html" id="39">Reproductive Hazards</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5571">Sexual Problems in Men</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1423">Sexual Problems in Women</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" id="1459">Teen Sexual Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sex</see-reference>
<site title="American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy" url="https://www.aamft.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Answering Questions about Sex" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/questions-sex.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sex.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Sexual Behavior" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/symptoms-causes/syc-20360434?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/symptoms-causes/syc-20360434?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erectile Dysfunction: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart disease and intimacy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000540.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infidelity: Mending Your Marriage after an Affair" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/infidelity/art-20048424?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/male-reproductive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/male-reproductive.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Masturbation" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/Pages/Masturbation.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/masturbation.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sexual+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sex-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377477?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/sexual-health">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/sexual-health/basics/sexual-health-basics/HLV-20049432?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/basics/sexual-health-basics/hlv-20049432?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Problems in Men: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Problems in Women: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexuality and Intimacy in Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/sexuality/sexuality-and-intimacy-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/sexualidad/sexualidad-edad-avanzada">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Teaching Kids about Their Bodies" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teach-about-bodies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/teach-about-bodies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Sexual Health: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about the causes of sexual problems in men and how to treat them. Causes may be physical, hormonal, psychological, or due to medicines." title="Sexual Problems in Men" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5571" language="English" date-created="07/28/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many men have sexual problems. They become more common as men age.  Problems can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html"&gt;Erectile dysfunction&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reduced or lost interest in sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with ejaculation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low testosterone&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Stress, illness, medicines, or emotional problems may also be factors.  Occasional problems with sexual function are common. If problems last more than a few months or cause distress for you or your partner, you should see your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html" id="5572" language="Spanish">Problemas sexuales en los hombres</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012735">Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html" id="118">Erectile Dysfunction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/penisdisorders.html" id="1360">Penis Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html" id="7">Prostate Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/testiculardisorders.html" id="4280">Testicular Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Premature Ejaculation</see-reference>
<site title="Aging changes in the male reproductive system" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004017.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004017.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aging-Related Hormone Changes in Men" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/male-menopause/art-20048056?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/male-menopause/art-20048056?p=1">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer, Sex, and the Male Body" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/how-male-body-works-sexually.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer/funcion-sexual-del-cuerpo-del-hombre.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Male Sexual Dysfunction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22sexual+dysfunction%22&amp;aggFilters=sex:m,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Premature Ejaculation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Premature+Ejaculation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delayed Ejaculation" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/delayed-ejaculation/symptoms-causes/syc-20371358?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delayed ejaculation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001954.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypogonadism in Men" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypogonadism" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/bajo-nivel-de-testosterona">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Hypogonadism" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/male-hypogonadism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354881?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Male Sexual Problems Related to Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/sex-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer/problemas-sexuales.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="NIH-Supported Trials Test Hormonal Therapy in Older Men with Low Testosterone Levels" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-supported-trials-test-hormonal-therapy-older-men-low-testosterone-levels">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001169.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001169.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premature ejaculation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001524.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001524.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Premature Ejaculation" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/premature-ejaculation/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/eyaculacion-precoz-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Problems in Men" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sexual+Dysfunction%2C+Physiological%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions Adult Males Have about Cancer and Sex" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-men-with-cancer/faqs.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-el-hombre-con-cancer/preguntas-frecuentes.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retrograde ejaculation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001282.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/senior-sex/art-20046465?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/senior-sex/art-20046465?p=1">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Therapy: Potential Benefits and Risks as You Age" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/testosterone-therapy/art-20045728?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about the causes of sexual problems in women and how to treat them. Causes may be physical, hormonal, psychological, or due to medicines." title="Sexual Problems in Women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1423" language="English" date-created="04/18/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;There are many problems that can keep a woman from enjoying sex. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of sexual desire &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inability to become aroused&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of orgasm, or sexual climax&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful intercourse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These problems may have physical or psychological causes. Physical causes may include conditions like diabetes, heart disease, nerve disorders, or hormone problems. Some drugs can also affect desire and function. Psychological causes may include work-related stress and anxiety. They may also include depression or concerns about marriage or relationship problems. For some women, the problem results from past sexual trauma. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Occasional problems with sexual function are common. If problems last more than a few months or cause distress for you or your partner, you should see your health care provider. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1900" language="Spanish">Problemas sexuales en las mujeres</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D052065">Vaginismus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004414">Dyspareunia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020018">Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451">Vaginal Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvardisorders.html" id="4550">Vulvar Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dyspareunia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Female Circumcision</see-reference>
<see-reference>Female Sexual Dysfunction</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vaginismus</see-reference>
<site title="Anorgasmia in Women" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anorgasmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369422?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer treatment: fertility and sexual side effects in women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000840.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Pelvic Pain (in Women)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20354368?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-pelvic-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20354368?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dyspareunia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dyspareunia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Female Sexual Dysfunction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22sexual+dysfunction%22&amp;aggFilters=sex:f,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaginismus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vaginismus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dyspareunia: Painful Sex for Women" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/dyspareunia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dispareunia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/female-genital-cutting" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/female-genital-cutting">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/female-reproductive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/female-reproductive-system.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Sexual Dysfunction" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/female-sexual-dysfunction/symptoms-causes/syc-20372549?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Sex Drive in Women" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sex-drive-in-women/symptoms-causes/syc-20374554?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/low-sex-drive-in-women/symptoms-causes/syc-20374554?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing Female Sexual Problems Related to Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects/sexuality-for-women-with-cancer/problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad/sexualidad-para-la-mujer-con-cancer/problemas.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orgasmic Disorder in Women" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-women/orgasmic-disorder-in-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/funci%c3%b3n-y-disfunci%c3%b3n-sexual-en-la-mujer/trastorno-org%c3%a1smico-en-mujeres">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orgasmic dysfunction in women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001953.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001953.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/symptoms-causes/syc-20375967?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/symptoms-causes/syc-20375967?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Pain" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pelvicpain" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pelvicpain/informacion">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Problems in Women" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sexual+Dysfunctions%2C+Psychological%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Vaginismus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+OR+%22Dyspareunia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Self-Help Tips (for Vulvar Pain)" url="https://www.nva.org/for-patients/self-help-tips/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Vulvodynia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/sexual-health/basic-facts">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Atrophy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal dryness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000892.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginismus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001487.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viagra for Women: Why Doesn't It Exist?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/viagra-for-women/faq-20057960?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/expert-answers/viagra-for-women/faq-20057960?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and sexual problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000663.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women's Sexual Health: Talking about Your Sexual Needs" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/womens-sexual-health/art-20047771?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/womens-sexual-health/art-20047771?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Sexual Health" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/your-sexual-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Su-salud-sexual">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are passed from person to person during sexual contact. Testing, vaccines, and prevention behaviors can lower your risk." title="Sexually Transmitted Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400" language="English" date-created="01/07/1999">
<also-called>STDs</also-called>
<also-called>STIs</also-called>
<also-called>Sexually transmitted diseases</also-called>
<also-called>Venereal disease</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. They are usually spread during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. This is because some STIs, like herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some STIs can be passed from a pregnant person to the baby, either &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; or when giving birth. Other ways that some STIs may be spread include during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;breastfeeding&lt;/a&gt;, through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;blood transfusions&lt;/a&gt;, or by sharing needles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are more than 20 types of STIs, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html"&gt;Chlamydia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html"&gt;Genital herpes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html"&gt;Gonorrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html"&gt;Pubic lice&lt;/a&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/syphilis.html"&gt;Syphilis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html"&gt;Trichomoniasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;STIs can be caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasites&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Who is affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most STIs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for 
women. If an STI is passed to a baby, it can cause serious health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;STIs don't always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection and not know it. And even without symptoms, STIs can still be harmful and may be passed on during sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If there are symptoms, they could include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sores or warts on the genital area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful or frequent urination (peeing)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Itching and redness in the genital area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blisters or sores in or around the mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal vaginal odor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061"&gt;Abdominal (belly) pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are sexually active, you should talk to your health care provider about your risk for STIs and whether you need to be tested. This is especially important since many STIs do not usually cause symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some STIs may be diagnosed during a physical exam or through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/std-tests/"&gt;STI testing&lt;/a&gt;. Some tests involve a microscopic examination of a sore or fluid swabbed from the vagina, penis, or anus. Blood tests can diagnose other types of STIs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics can treat STIs that are caused by bacteria or parasites. There is no cure for STIs caused by viruses, but antiviral medicines can often help with the symptoms and lower your risk of spreading the infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's important to get treatment if you have an STI. Some types of STIs can cause serious health problems if they are not treated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can sexually transmitted infections (STIs) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The surest way to protect yourself against STIs is to not have sex.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you do decide to have sex, you can lower your risk of getting an STI by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having you and your partner tested for STIs before having sex.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a condom every time you have sex. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STIs. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducing your number of sex partners. You might even consider "mutual monogamy" with just one partner. This means that you agree to be sexually active only with them, and they agree to be sexually active only with you. But first you should both get tested to make sure that you don't already have an STI.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting vaccinated against HPV and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html"&gt;hepatitis B&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144" language="Spanish">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012749">Sexually Transmitted Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html" id="1307">Chlamydia Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html" id="5863">Genital Herpes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html" id="4322">Genital Warts</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html" id="3019">Gonorrhea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html" id="1715">HPV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html" id="3044">Pelvic Inflammatory Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html" id="6947">Pubic Lice</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/syphilis.html" id="3017">Syphilis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html" id="4325">Trichomoniasis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Crab Lice</see-reference>
<see-reference>STDs</see-reference>
<see-reference>STIs</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sexually Transmitted Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venereal Disease</see-reference>
<site title="About STIs and Gay Men" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-gay-men.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-los-hombres-gais.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About STIs and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/about-stis-and-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-y-el-embarazo.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001495.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chancroid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000635.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000635.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sexually Transmitted Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000636.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocervical culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003754.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epididymitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001279.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/stds.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Problems in Men" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Problems in Women" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-women/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/genital-problems-in-women/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital sores - female" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003222.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital sores - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003221.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003221.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gram stain of urethral discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003749.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003749.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatitis B" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/hepatitis-b/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hepatitis-b-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can Men Reduce the Risk of Getting a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo/risk" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/menshealth/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent STIs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/lymphogranuloma-venereum-lgv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum contagiosum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000826.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.cdc.gov/molluscum-contagiosum/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/molluscum-contagiosum?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Orchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001280.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic lice" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000841.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000841.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pubic Lice (Crabs)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pubic-lice.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pubic-lice.html">
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</site>
<site title="Pubic Lice (Pediculosis Pubis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/pediculosis-pubis-pubic-lice?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe sex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001949.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safe Sex for Older Adults" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-safe-sex-older-adults">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Symptoms" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-symptoms/ART-20047081?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-symptoms/art-20047081?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2022" url="https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2022/default.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-infections">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Why Testing Is Important" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/pages/Diagnostic-Testing-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Infections.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexually Transmitted Infections, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/stis-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="STD Testing: What's Right for You" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/ART-20046019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-testing/art-20046019?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="STD Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/std-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-enfermedades-de-transmision-sexual-ets/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="STI Myths &amp; Facts Quiz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001949_14.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001949_74.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Kids About STDs" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stds-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stds-talk.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Partner about Condoms" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-about-condoms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-about-condoms.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Partner about STDs" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/the-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/the-talk.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telling Your Partner You Have an STD" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stds-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stds-talk.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethral discharge culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000439.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urination - painful" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal itching and discharge - adult and adolescent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003158.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Types of and Treatments for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/types" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stds/informacion/tipos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs/STIs)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stds/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about shingles (herpes zoster), which is a painful rash, often on one side of the body. It is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. " title="Shingles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html" id="90" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Herpes zoster</also-called>
<also-called>Postherpetic neuralgia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is shingles?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Shingles (herpes zoster) is an infection that causes a painful rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This is the same virus that causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html"&gt;chickenpox&lt;/a&gt;. After you have chickenpox, the virus stays in your body. It may not cause problems for many years. But as you get older, the virus may become active again and cause shingles. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Is shingles contagious?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Shingles is not contagious. You cannot get shingles from someone else. But you can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles if you have direct contact with fluid from their shingles rash. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The risk of spreading the virus is low if the shingles rash is kept covered. People with shingles cannot spread the virus before their rash blisters appear or after the rash crusts.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for shingles?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone who has had chickenpox can get shingles. But the risk of shingles goes up as you get older. Shingles is most common in people over age 50.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of getting shingles. This includes those who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system diseases&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain cancers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take medicines that weaken their immune system, such as steroids and medicines you take after  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your immune system may be weaker when you have an infection or are stressed. This can raise your risk of shingles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is rare, but possible, to get shingles more than once.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of shingles?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Early signs of shingles include burning or shooting pain and tingling or itching. It is usually on one side of the body or face. The pain can be mild to severe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Up to several days later, you will get a rash. It consists of blisters that typically scab over in 7 to 10 days. The rash is usually a single stripe around either the left or the right side of the body. In other cases, the rash is only on one side of the face. In rare cases (usually among people with weakened immune systems), the rash may be more widespread. It might look similar to a chickenpox rash. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may also have other symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Upset stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other problems can shingles cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Shingles can cause other problems (complications):&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is most common complication of shingles. It causes severe pain in the areas where you had the shingles rash. It usually gets better in a few weeks or months. But some people can have pain from PHN for many years, and it can interfere with daily life.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision loss&lt;/a&gt; can happen if shingles affects your eye. It may be temporary or permanent.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Hearing&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt; problems are possible if you have shingles within or near your ear. You may also have weakness of the muscles on that side of your face. These problems can be temporary or permanent.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Very rarely, shingles can also lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;, brain inflammation (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html"&gt;encephalitis&lt;/a&gt;), or death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is shingles diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usually your health care provider can diagnose shingles by taking your medical history and looking at your rash. In some cases, your provider may scrap off tissue from the rash or swab some fluid from the blisters and send the sample to a lab for testing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for shingles?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for shingles. Antiviral medicines may help to make the attack shorter and less severe. They may also help prevent PHN. The medicines are most effective if you can take them within 3 days after the rash appears. So if you think you might have shingles, contact your provider as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pain relievers may also help with the pain. A cool washcloth, calamine lotion, and oatmeal baths may help relieve some of the itching.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can shingles be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is a vaccine, called Shingrix, to help prevent shingles and its complications. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that healthy adults 50 years and older get the vaccine. Your provider might also recommend the vaccine if you are over 19 and have a weakened immune system. The vaccine is given in two doses.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have shingles, you can help prevent spreading the virus to others by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying away from:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;People with weakened immune systems&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;People who have not had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine, especially if they are pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;Premature&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt; babies&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping the rash covered&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not touching or scratching the rash&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Washing your hands often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html" id="2243" language="Spanish">Culebrilla (herpes zóster)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D051474">Neuralgia, Postherpetic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006562">Herpes Zoster</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shingles.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html" id="182">Chickenpox</related-topic>
<see-reference>Herpes Zoster</see-reference>
<see-reference>Post-herpetic Neuralgia</see-reference>
<site title="About Shingles (Herpes Zoster)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/overview-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibody Serology Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chickenpox and Shingles Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chickenpox-and-shingles-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-varicela-y-culebrilla/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Herpes Zoster" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Herpes+Zoster%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Neuralgia, Postherpetic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Neuralgia,+Postherpetic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpes Zoster Oticus" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/herpes-zoster-oticus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Photos of Shingles" url="https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/signs-symptoms/photos.html">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postherpetic Neuralgia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Postherpetic neuralgia - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000555.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shingles" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Herpes+Zoster%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Neuralgia%2C+Postherpetic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Ramsay Hunt syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001647.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ramsay Hunt Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ramsay-hunt-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351783?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recombinant zoster (shingles) vaccine, RZV - what you need to know" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007736.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recombinant Zoster (Shingles) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/shingles-recombinant.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shingles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000858.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000858.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shingles" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/shingles/shingles" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/culebrilla">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shingles (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shingles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shingles.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/shingles/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/transmission-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shingles (Zoster)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/zoster-shingles?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shingles - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000560.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shingles Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/shingles/public/shingrix/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shingles: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shingles: Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/shingles-symptoms?NoAds">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Shock happens when not enough blood and oxygen can get to your organs and tissues. It can be life threatening. Find out about symptoms and treatment." title="Shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html" id="5717" language="English" date-created="11/23/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Shock happens when not enough blood and oxygen can get to your organs and tissues.  It causes very low blood pressure and may be life-threatening. It often happens along with a serious injury.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; There are several kinds of shock. Hypovolemic shock happens when you lose a lot of blood or fluids. Causes include internal or external bleeding, dehydration, burns, and severe vomiting and/or diarrhea. Septic shock is caused by infections in the bloodstream. A severe allergic reaction can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;anaphylactic shock&lt;/a&gt;. An insect bite or sting might cause it. Cardiogenic shock happens when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. This may happen after a heart attack. Neurogenic shock is caused by damage to the nervous system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of shock include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion or lack of alertness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of consciousness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden and ongoing rapid heartbeat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sweating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pale skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A weak pulse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rapid breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decreased or no urine output&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cool hands and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Shock is a life-threatening medical emergency and it is important to get help right away. Treatment of shock depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html" id="5718" language="Spanish">Shock</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012769">Shock</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html" id="6257">Anaphylaxis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html" id="1225">Low Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<see-reference>Septic Shock</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Emergency Physicians" url="https://www.acep.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis in Infants and Children" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Anaphylaxis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/anaphylaxis.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis-Like Reactions" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/anaphylaxis/reactions?modal=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anaphylaxis: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiogenic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000185.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shock" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shock%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shock, Septic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shock,+Septic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hypovolemic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000167.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactate Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Procalcitonin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/procalcitonin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-procalcitonina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shock" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Shock%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sepsis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sepsis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351214?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sepsis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351214?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septic shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000668.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serious Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anaphylaxis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anaphylaxis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock" url="https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/shock">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000039.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/ART-20056620?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxic-shock-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355384?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cardiogenic Shock?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/choque-cardiogenico">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El shock ocurre cuando no hay suficiente suministro de sangre y oxígeno a órganos y tejidos. Puede ser mortal. Hay muchos tipos de shock. Causas, síntomas." title="Shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html" id="5718" language="Spanish" date-created="12/01/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El shock ocurre cuando no hay suficiente suministro de sangre y oxígeno a sus órganos y tejidos. Puede causar baja presión y ser un peligro para la vida. El shock suele suceder con una lesión grave. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Existen muchos tipos de shocks: El shock hipovolémico que se da cuando la persona pierde mucha sangre o líquidos y causa sangrado interno o externo, deshidratación, quemaduras y diarrea y vómitos severos. El shock séptico que es causado por infecciones en el torrente sanguíneo. El shock anafiláctico, causado por una reacción alérgica grave y puede ser causado, por ejemplo, por una picadura de insecto en una persona que es alérgica a él. El shock cardiogénico, causado por la incapacidad del corazón de bombear sangre de manera eficiente y puede causar un ataque al corazón. El shock neurogénico que es causado por daño al sistema nervioso. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas incluyen :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusión o falta de lucidez mental &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de la conciencia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Latidos del corazón rápidos y de forma repentina &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Transpiración&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Palidez&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pulso débil &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiración acelerada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducción del flujo o detención total de orina &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pies y manos frías  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un shock es una emergencia médica que puede poner en peligro la vida y por ello es importante obtener ayuda médica de manera inmediata. El tratamiento del shock depende de la causa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html" id="5717" language="English">Shock</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html" id="6258">Anafilaxia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html" id="2011">Presión arterial baja</related-topic>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anafilaxia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/anaphylaxis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia en los bebés y niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/paginas/anaphylaxis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Anaphylaxis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anafilaxia: primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-anaphylaxis/basics/ART-20056608?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choque: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/ART-20056620?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de procalcitonina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-procalcitonina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/procalcitonin-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reacción alérgica grave (anafilaxia) (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/anaphylaxis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/anaphylaxis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Septicemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sepsis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351214?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sepsis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351214?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000039.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock cardiógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000185.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock hipovolémico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000167.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shock séptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000668.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000653.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de shock tóxico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el choque cardiogénico?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/choque-cardiogenico" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your shoulders can be affected by injuries such as sprains, strains and rotator cuff tear. Learn how to treat and prevent shoulder pain and injury." title="Shoulder Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505" language="English" date-created="07/19/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone). Your shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They can also be unstable because the ball of the upper arm is larger than the shoulder socket that holds it. To remain in a stable or normal position, the shoulder must be anchored by muscles, tendons, and ligaments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because your shoulder can be unstable, it can be easily injured. Common problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html"&gt;Dislocations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Separations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html"&gt;Bursitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotatorcuffinjuries.html"&gt;Torn rotator cuffs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frozen shoulder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;Arthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Health care providers diagnose shoulder problems by using your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, the first treatment for shoulder problems is RICE. This stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Other treatments include exercise and medicines to reduce pain and swelling. If those don't work, you may need surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000070599">Shoulder Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000173">Acromioclavicular Joint</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012784">Shoulder Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4329">Arm Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/brachialplexusinjuries.html" id="6089">Brachial Plexus Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html" id="6927">Dislocated Shoulder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotatorcuffinjuries.html" id="5932">Rotator Cuff Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html" id="1251">Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Clavicle Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Collarbone Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Frozen Shoulder</see-reference>
<see-reference>Scapula Injuries</see-reference>
<site title="Arthritis of the Shoulder" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-shoulder" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/artritis-del-hombro-arthritis-of-the-shoulder/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brachial plexopathy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001418.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken collarbone - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000529.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Shoulder Instability" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/chronic-shoulder-instability">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clavicle Fracture (Broken Collarbone)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/clavicle-fracture-broken-collarbone/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Dislocation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shoulder+Dislocation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shoulder+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Shoulder Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shoulder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortisone Shots" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fractured clavicle in the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001588.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frozen shoulder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000455.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000455.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frozen Shoulder" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/frozen-shoulder/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frozen shoulder - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000550.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000550.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint and Soft Tissue Injections" url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD)" url="https://www.mda.org/disease/limb-girdle-muscular-dystrophy" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_LGMD_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Shoulder+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Acromioclavicular+Joint%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Shoulder+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reverse total shoulder replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reverse total shoulder replacement - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000987.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000987.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator Cuff and Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/rotator-cuff-and-shoulder-conditioning-program/rotator-cuff-pdf/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder arthroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007206.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Arthroscopy" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/shoulder-arthroscopy/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007346.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Instability" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shoulder-instability/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/inestabilidad-del-hombro-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Joint Replacement" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/shoulder-joint-replacement/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/shouldermr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/shouldermr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007359.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003171.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003171.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Pain and Common Shoulder Problems" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/shoulder-pain-and-common-shoulder-problems/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/dolor-de-hombro-y-problemas-comunes-del-hombro-shoulder-pain/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Problems (Symptom Checker)" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/shoulder-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-del-hombro/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder replacement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007387.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder replacement - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000178.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder separation - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000562.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000179.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000179.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Trauma (Fractures and Dislocations)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/shoulder-trauma-fractures-and-dislocations">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="SLAP Tears" url="https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/slap-tears/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis (Bursitis)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis-espanol">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Shoulder Pain Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/003171_17.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/003171_77.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using your shoulder after replacement surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000176.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using your shoulder after surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000175.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000175.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited disorders that affect your red blood cells. It can cause pain, anemia, and other problems. Learn about treatments." title="Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html" id="402" language="English" date-created="09/23/1999">
<also-called>Hemoglobin SS disease</also-called>
<also-called>Sickle cell anemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is sickle cell disease (SCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. If you have SCD, there is a problem with your hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. With SCD, the hemoglobin forms into stiff rods within the red blood cells. This changes the shape of the red blood cells. The cells are supposed to be disc-shaped, but instead they are crescent, or sickle, shaped.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The sickle-shaped cells are not flexible and cannot change shape easily. Many of them burst apart as they move through your blood vessels. The sickle cells usually only last 10 to 20 days, instead of the normal 90 to 120 days. Your body may have trouble making enough new cells to replace the ones that you lost. Because of this, you may not have enough red blood cells. This is a condition called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;, and it can make you feel tired.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The sickle-shaped cells can also stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When this happens, oxygen can't reach nearby tissues. The lack of oxygen can cause attacks of sudden, severe pain, called pain crises. These attacks can occur without warning. If you get one, you might need to go to the hospital for treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes sickle cell disease (SCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SCD is caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sickle-cell-disease/"&gt;variant (change) in a gene&lt;/a&gt; that has instructions for your body to make one part of the hemoglobin. This changed gene is sometimes called a sickle cell gene. People with SCD are born with two sickle cell genes, one from each parent. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you are born with one sickle cell gene, it's called sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait are generally healthy, but they can pass the defective gene on to their children.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to have sickle cell disease (SCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the United States, most of the people with SCD are African Americans:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;About 1 in 13 Black or African American babies are born with sickle cell trait&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;About 1 in every 365 Black or African American babies are born with sickle cell disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;SCD also affects some people who come from Hispanic, southern European, Middle Eastern, or Asian Indian backgrounds.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People with SCD start to have signs of the disease during the first year of life, usually around 5 or 6 months of age. Early symptoms of SCD may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful swelling of the hands and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue or fussiness from anemia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A yellowish color of the skin (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html"&gt;jaundice&lt;/a&gt;) or the whites of the eyes (icterus)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The effects of SCD vary from person to person and can change over time. Most of the signs and symptoms of SCD are related to complications of the disease. They may include severe pain, anemia, organ damage, and infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is sickle cell disease (SCD) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A blood test can show if you have SCD or sickle cell trait. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic tests&lt;/a&gt; can tell if you have one or two copies of the sickle cell gene. Genetic tests can help confirm an SCD diagnosis if the results from blood tests are not clear. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All states now test newborns for SCD (as well as many other treatable conditions) as part of their &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;screening programs&lt;/a&gt;. These programs help find the conditions early, so treatment can be started right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Health care providers can also diagnose SCD before a baby is born. That test uses a sample of amniotic fluid (the liquid in the sac surrounding the baby) or tissue taken from the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who are thinking about having children can have the test to find out how likely it is that their children will have SCD.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for sickle cell disease (SCD)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many ways to manage sickle cell disease. Your medical team will probably include a hematologist, a doctor who specializes in blood diseases. You will work with your medical team to set up a treatment plan. Possible treatment options may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treatments that can help relieve symptoms and lessen complications, including:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hydroxyurea, a medicine to reduce sickling of red blood cells. This can help prevent serious symptoms of sickle cell disease. This medicine can be used in adults and in children as young as 9 months old.  But this medicine is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; safe during pregnancy.&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Voxelotor, another medicine to prevent the sickling of red blood cells. It can be used in adults and children ages 4 years and older.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt; for acute or chronic pain.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; to try to prevent infections in younger children.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html"&gt;Blood transfusions&lt;/a&gt; for severe anemia. If you have had some serious complications, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, you may have transfusions to prevent more complications.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Other treatments for specific complications, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;medicines to lower blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;  and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt; to treat a vitamin deficiency.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html"&gt;Bone marrow&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell&lt;/a&gt; transplantation, which can cure SCD. Because these transplants are risky and can have serious side effects, they are usually only used in children with severe SCD. For the transplant to work, the bone marrow must be a close match. Usually, the best donor is a brother or sister.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Gene therapies to treat SCD in people who are 12 years and older and have had repeated sickle cell crises. These new therapies involve taking some of your blood stem cells and either adding new DNA to them or changing their existing DNA. Then these cells are given back to you, and they can make a type of hemoglobin that is healthy. This can reduce the complications of SCD, including the SCD crises.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Complementary and alternative medicine&lt;/a&gt; (CAM) seems to help some people deal with pain caused by SCD. These types of CAM may lower your pain, especially if it is not well managed with medicines::&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cognitive behavioral therapy (a type of counseling)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;Acupuncture&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercise or movement programs, such as yoga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Massage&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Meditation and mindfulness practices&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Virtual reality, a computer-generated 3D environment you can see with special goggles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's also important to take steps to keep yourself as healthy as possible:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get regular medical care&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Get your routine &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccinations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Live a healthy lifestyle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid situations that may set off a pain crisis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html" id="2146" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de células falciformes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000755">Anemia, Sickle Cell</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hemoglobin SS Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sickle Cell Anemia</see-reference>
<site title="A1C Test and Race/Ethnicity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/a1c-test-race-ethnicity">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/sicklecell/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Sickle-Cell-Disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Smear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone Marrow Transplantation: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Anemia, Sickle Cell" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Anemia,+Sickle+Cell%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complete Blood Count (CBC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complications of Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/complications/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/sicklecell/complicaciones.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crizanlizumab for People With Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/crizanlizumab.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/crizanlizumab.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dr. Allison King on Sickle Cell Disease and Learning" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/09/dr-allison-king-sickle-cell-disease-learning" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/allison-king-habla-sobre-la-enfermedad-de-celulas">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FDA Approval of Gene Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease: Q&amp;A with NHLBI Director Dr. Gary Gibbons and NHLBI's Division of Blood Diseases and Resources Director Dr. Julie Panepinto" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/2023/fda-approval-gene-therapies-sickle-cell-disease-dr-gibbons-dr-panepinto">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Find a Genetic Counselor" url="https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Society of Genetic Counselors</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genetic-counseling.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genetic-counseling.html">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin C, S-C, and E Diseases" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/hemoglobin-c-s-c-and-e-diseases" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/anemia/enfermedades-de-la-hemoglobina-c-s-c-y-e">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin Electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/">
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</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003639.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobinuria test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Hydroxyurea for People with Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydroxyurea.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hydroxyurea.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="I Have Sickle Cell Trait: Is It Safe to Fly or Travel to the Mountains?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-trait-altitude.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-trait-altitude.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Navigating Sickle Cell Disease Gene Therapy" url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/navigating-sickle-cell-disease-gene-therapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/proceso-estudios-cl%C3%ADnicos-sobre-la-terapia-g%C3%A9nica">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Researchers Create New Viral Vector for Improved Gene Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researchers-create-new-viral-vector-improved-gene-therapy-sickle-cell-disease">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevent Problems from Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/center/sickle-cell-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/center/sickle-cell-treatment.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anemia%2C+Sickle+Cell%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Crisis (Pain Crisis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-crisis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-crisis.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sickle-cell-disease/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/anemia-falciforme-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle cell disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000527.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000527.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sickle-cell.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sickle-cell.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sickle-cell-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sickle-cell-anemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-anemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-anemia.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/understanding-transplant/diseases-treated-by-transplant/sickle-cell-disease-treatment-by-transplant">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle cell disease and your baby" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/blog/sickle-cell-disease-and-your-baby" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/anemia-falciforme.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease Association of America" url="https://www.sicklecelldisease.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Sickle Cell Disease Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease Gene Therapy Education Project" url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/materiales-educativos-terapia-g%C3%A9nica-c%C3%A9lulas-falciformes">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Disease Gene Therapy FAQ" url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/sickle-cell-disease-gene-therapy-FAQ" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/preguntas-frecuentes-terapia-g%C3%A9nica-c%C3%A9lulas-falciformes">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sickle cell disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sickle-cell-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sickle cell test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003666.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Trait: 3 Ways to Stay Healthy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-trait-healthy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-trait-healthy.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sickle Cell Trait: 5 Problems to Know about" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sickle-cell-trait-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sickle-cell-trait-problems.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tesha Samuels Advocates for Others After Living with Sickle Cell Disease" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/tesha-samuels-advocates-for-others-after-living-with-sickle-cell-disease" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/tesha-samuels-aboga-por-otras-personas-despues-de-vivir-con-la-enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Total iron binding capacity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003489.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transitioning Your Medical Care: Sickle Cell Disease (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/care-sickle-cell.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/care-sickle-cell.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Gene Therapy Approaches" url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/understanding-gene-therapy-approaches" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/entender-los-enfoques-de-la-terapia-g%C3%A9nica">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding the Blood Cell" url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/understanding-red-blood-cell" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/entender-las-c%C3%A9lulas-sangu%C3%ADneas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Sickle Cell Disease?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sickle-cell-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/enfermedad-de-celulas-falciformes">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Sickle Cell Trait?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/sickle-cell-trait/">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women with Sickle Cell Disease and Preconception Care" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/communication-resources/women-with-sickle-cell-disease-and-preconception-care.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Mental Health and Sickle Cell Disease Gene Therapy Participation" url="https://www.genome.gov/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/your-mental-health-scd-gene-therapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/es/research-at-nhgri/Projects/Democratizing-Education/salud-mental-y-terapia-g%C3%A9nica-c%C3%A9lulas-falciformes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sus signos vitales sirven para ver qué tan bien está funcionando su cuerpo. Incluyen presión arterial, temperatura, pulso y respiración. Entérese aquí." title="Signos vitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html" id="6289" language="Spanish" date-created="02/04/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus signos vitales muestran qué tan bien está funcionando su cuerpo. Por lo general, se miden en la consulta del médico, a menudo como parte de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html"&gt;chequeo médico&lt;/a&gt;, o durante una visita de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;emergencia médica&lt;/a&gt;. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La presión arterial&lt;/strong&gt;, que mide la fuerza de la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. La presión arterial que es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;muy alta&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;muy baja&lt;/a&gt; puede causar problemas. Su presión arterial tiene dos números. El primer número es la presión cuando el corazón late y bombea la sangre. El segundo es cuando el corazón está en reposo entre latidos. Una lectura de la presión arterial normal para adultos es inferior a 120/80 y superior a 90/60&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La frecuencia cardiaca o pulso&lt;/strong&gt;, que mide la velocidad con la que su corazón late. Un problema con el ritmo cardíaco puede ser una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arritmia&lt;/a&gt;. Su ritmo cardíaco normal depende de factores tales como su edad, cantidad de ejercicio, si usted está sentado o de pie, los medicamentos que toma y su peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La frecuencia respiratoria&lt;/strong&gt;, que mide su respiración. Cambios respiratorios leves pueden ser por causas tales como tener la nariz tapada o hacer ejercicio intenso. Pero una respiración lenta o rápida también puede ser un signo de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;problemas respiratorios&lt;/a&gt; graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La temperatura&lt;/strong&gt;, que mide qué tan caliente está su cuerpo. Una temperatura corporal que es más alta de lo normal (más de 98,6 ºF o 37 ºC) se llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html" id="6288" language="English">Vital Signs</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Cambios en los signos vitales con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004019.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo el cuerpo controla la respiración" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones/controles-respiratorios-del-cuerpo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs/body-controls-breathing">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007490.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medición de la temperatura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003400.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitores de muñeca para la presión arterial: ¿Son exactos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/faq-20057802?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/FAQ-20057802?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial: ¿Se ve afectada por el clima frío?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058250?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Presión arterial: ¿Tiene un patrón diario?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058115?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pulso" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respiración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signos vitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002341.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temperatura corporal normal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001982.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Termómetros: Comprender las opciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/art-20046737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/ART-20046737?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sinusitis (inflamed sinuses) is sometimes caused by an infection, but there are several types (such as chronic or recurrent). Find all the symptoms." title="Sinusitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html" id="404" language="English" date-created="09/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sinusitis means your sinuses are inflamed. The cause can be an infection or another problem. Your sinuses are hollow air spaces within the bones surrounding the nose. They produce mucus, which drains into the nose.  If your nose is swollen, this can block the sinuses and cause pain.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;There are several types of sinusitis, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Acute, which lasts up to 4 weeks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subacute, which lasts 4 to 12 weeks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chronic, which lasts more than 12 weeks and can continue for months or even years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recurrent, with several attacks within a year&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Acute sinusitis often starts as a cold, which then turns into a bacterial infection.  Allergies, nasal problems, and certain diseases can also cause acute and chronic sinusitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of sinusitis can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough, and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip. Your health care professional diagnoses sinusitis based on your symptoms and an examination of your nose and face. You may also need imaging tests. Treatments include antibiotics, decongestants, and pain relievers. Using heat pads on the inflamed area, saline nasal sprays, and vaporizers can also help.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html" id="2147" language="Spanish">Sinusitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012852">Sinusitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html" id="24">Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196">Common Cold</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html" id="273">Headache</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sinus Infection</see-reference>
<site title="Acute Sinusitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology" url="https://www.aaaai.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Rhinologic Society" url="https://www.american-rhinologic.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Rhinologic Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Sinusitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351661?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351661?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sinusitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sinusitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colds, Allergies and Sinusitis - How to Tell the Difference" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Computed Tomography (CT) -- Sinuses" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/sinusct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/sinusct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Decongestants: OTC Relief for Congestion" url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Difference between Sinusitis and a Cold" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/The-Difference-Between-Sinusitis-and-a-Cold.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/the-difference-between-sinusitis-and-a-cold.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Chronic Sinusitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/sinuses.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Sinusitis" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/fungal-sinusitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Naegleria fowleri Infection when Rinsing Sinuses or Nasal Passages" url="https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/prevention/sinus-rinsing.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Nasal Sprays (With Images)" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/nasal-sprays">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is Rinsing Your Sinuses With Neti Pots Safe?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/rinsing-your-sinuses-neti-pots-safe">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marvels of Mucus and Phlegm: The Slime That Keeps You Healthy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Sprays: How to Use Them Correctly" url="https://familydoctor.org/nasal-sprays-how-to-use-them-correctly/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aerosoles-nasales-como-usarlos-correctamente/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Wash Treatment" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/alternative/nasal-wash-treatment?modal=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/tratamiento-de-lavados-nasales">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Sinusitis" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/pediatric-sinusitis/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-Nasal Drip" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/post-nasal-drip/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sinusitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiography of the Paranasal Sinuses" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/sinus.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Saline nasal washes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Saline Sinus Rinse Recipe" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/saline-sinus-rinse-recipe" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/receta-para-lavado-sinusal-salino">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007349.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus Headaches" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus Infection and Toothache: Any Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/expert-answers/toothache/FAQ-20058299?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/expert-answers/toothache/faq-20058299?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sinus-infection/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007356.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinus x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003803.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinuses / Sinusitis / Rhinosinusitis Defined" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/allergy,-asthma-immunology-glossary/sinuses-sinusitis-rhinosinusitis-defined">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000647.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sinusitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinusitis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sinusitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sinusitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis in adults - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000563.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuffy or runny nose - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuffy or runny nose - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003051.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Sinuses Attack! (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sinuses.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sinuses.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sinusitis es en la inflamación de los senos paranasales por una infección u otro problema. Tipos, síntomas, tratamiento." title="Sinusitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html" id="2147" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Infección de los senos paranasales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sinusitis consiste en la inflamación de los senos paranasales. Esto puede ser por una infección u otro problema. Los senos paranasales son espacios huecos donde pasa el aire por el interior de los huesos que rodean la nariz. Producen secreción mucosa que drena hacia la nariz. Si la nariz está inflamada, puede bloquear los senos paranasales y causar dolor. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay varios tipos de sinusitis, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aguda, que dura hasta cuatro semanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Subaguda, que dura de cuatro a 12 semanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crónica, que dura más de 12 semanas y puede continuar durante meses o incluso años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recurrente, con varios ataques dentro de un año&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La sinusitis aguda suele comenzar como un resfriado, que luego se convierte en una infección bacteriana. Alergias, problemas nasales y ciertas enfermedades también pueden causar sinusitis aguda y crónica. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la sinusitis pueden incluir fiebre, debilidad, fatiga, tos y congestión. También puede haber drenaje de mucosidad en la parte posterior de la garganta, llamada goteo retronasal. Los médicos diagnostican sinusitis según sus síntomas y el examen de la nariz y la cara. Usted también puede necesitar pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen antibióticos, descongestionantes y analgésicos. El uso de almohadillas de calor en la zona inflamada, aerosoles nasales salinos y vaporizadores también puede ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html" id="404" language="English">Sinusitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html" id="1933">Dolor de cabeza</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html" id="1832">Resfrío</related-topic>
<site title="Aerosoles nasales: Cómo usarlos correctamente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/aerosoles-nasales-como-usarlos-correctamente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/nasal-sprays-how-to-use-them-correctly/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la sinusitis en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000563.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo congestiona la sinusitis" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/Images/illustrations/Sinusitis-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Descongestivos: Medicamentos de venta libre" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/descongestionantes-alivio-para-la-congestion-de-venta-libre/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/decongestants-otc-relief-for-congestion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diferencia entre un resfriado y una sinusitis bacteriana" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/the-difference-between-sinusitis-and-a-cold.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/The-Difference-Between-Sinusitis-and-a-Cold.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de cabeza sinusal" url="https://headaches.org/dolor-de-cabeza-sinusal/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza sinusales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sinus-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377580?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de senos (paranasales) por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/sinusct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/sinusct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección de los senos paranasales y dolor de muelas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/expert-answers/toothache/faq-20058299?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/expert-answers/toothache/FAQ-20058299?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre la sinusitis (infección de los senos paranasales)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sinus-infection/es/about/informacion-basica-sobre-la-sinusitis-infeccion-de-los-senos-paranasales.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavados nasales con solución salina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maravillas de la mucosidad y la flema" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003803.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003803.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resfríos, alergias y sinusitis: Cómo diferenciarlas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/EL-allergies-colds-allergies-sinusitis-patient.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rinorrea o congestión nasal en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003051.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sinusitis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sinusitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000647.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sinusitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sinusitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sinusitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis aguda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sinusitis crónica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351661?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351661?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007349.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de lavados nasales" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/education/health-information/espanol/tratamiento-de-lavados-nasales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/alternative/nasal-wash-treatment?modal=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La siringomielia es un raro trastorno causado por un quiste en la médula espinal. Con el tiempo, el quiste crece, destruyendo parte de la médula espinal." title="Siringomielia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syringomyelia.html" id="2182" language="Spanish" date-created="10/19/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La siringomielia es un trastorno raro que causa la formación de un quiste en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcorddiseases.html"&gt;médula espinal&lt;/a&gt;. Con el transcurso del tiempo, el quiste, llamado syrinx, se hace más grande y largo y destruye parte de la médula espinal. Las lesiones en la médula espinal por el quiste puede causar éstos síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor y debilidad en la espalda, los hombros, los brazos o las piernas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Incapacidad para sentir frío o calor &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas varían según el tamaño y la ubicación del quiste. Suelen comenzar en la edad adulta. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, la siringomielia resulta de una anomalía en el cráneo denominada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html"&gt;malformación de Chiari&lt;/a&gt;. Un tumor, una meningitis o un traumatismo físico también pueden ocasionarla. El principal tratamiento para este trastorno es la cirugía. Algunas personas también necesitan un drenaje del quiste. Medicinas pueden ayudar a reducir el dolor. En algunos casos no se presentan síntomas, por lo que no es necesario tratarla.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/syringomyelia.html" id="1525" language="English">Syringomyelia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/myelography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=myelography">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siringomielia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001398.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siringomielia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12668/siringomielia/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Siringomielia" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/siringomielia" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/syringomyelia-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Siringomielia de la médula y del tallo cerebral" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal/siringomielia-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-o-del-tallo-cerebral" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/syrinx-of-the-spinal-cord-or-brain-stem">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Siringomielia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/syringomyelia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354775?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Su sistema inmunitario está formado por células, tejidos y órganos que combaten infecciones y enfermedades. Aprenda cómo funciona y sobre las enfermedades del sistema inmunitario." title="Sistema inmunitario y sus enfermedades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html" id="1969" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedades del sistema inmunológico</also-called>
<also-called>Enfermedades inmunológicas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el sistema inmunitario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su sistema inmunitario es una compleja red de células, tejidos y órganos. Juntos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir infecciones y otras enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando los gérmenes como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; invaden su cuerpo, atacan y se multiplican. Esto se conoce como infección. La infección causa la enfermedad que lo afecta. Su sistema inmunitario lo protege de la enfermedad combatiendo los gérmenes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las partes del sistema inmunitario?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El sistema inmunitario tiene muchas partes diferentes, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su piel: Puede ayudar a evitar que los gérmenes ingresen al cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Membranas mucosas: Son los revestimientos internos húmedos de algunos órganos y cavidades corporales. Producen mucosidad y otras sustancias que pueden atrapar y combatir los gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Glóbulos blancos: Luchan contra los gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Órganos y tejidos del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;sistema linfático&lt;/a&gt;: Incluyen el timo, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html"&gt;bazo&lt;/a&gt;, las amígdalas, los ganglios linfáticos, los vasos linfáticos y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;médula ósea&lt;/a&gt;. Producen, almacenan y transportan glóbulos blancos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo funciona el sistema inmunitario?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su sistema inmunitario defiende su cuerpo contra sustancias que considera dañinas o extrañas. Estas sustancias se llaman antígenos. Pueden ser gérmenes como bacterias y virus; o sustancias químicas o toxinas. También pueden ser células dañadas por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;quemaduras solares&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cuando su sistema inmunitario reconoce un antígeno, lo ataca. A esto se le llama respuesta inmune. Parte de esta respuesta es producir anticuerpos. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que actúan para atacar, debilitar y destruir antígenos. Su cuerpo también produce otras células para combatir el antígeno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Luego, su sistema inmunitario recuerda el antígeno. Si vuelve a reconocerlo, puede identificarlo y enviar rápidamente los anticuerpos correctos. Gracias a esto, en la mayoría de los casos usted no se enferma. A esta protección contra una determinada enfermedad se conoce como inmunidad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de inmunidad?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos diferentes de inmunidad:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inmunidad innata&lt;/strong&gt;: Es la protección con la que nace. Es la primera línea de defensa de su cuerpo. Incluye barreras como la piel y las membranas mucosas. Evitan que sustancias nocivas entren al cuerpo. También incluye algunas células y sustancias químicas que pueden atacar sustancias extrañas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inmunidad activa&lt;/strong&gt;: También llamada inmunidad adaptativa, se desarrolla cuando se infecta o se &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacuna&lt;/a&gt; contra una sustancia extraña. La inmunidad activa suele ser de larga duración. Para muchas enfermedades, puede durar toda la vida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Inmunidad pasiva&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre cuando recibe anticuerpos contra una enfermedad en lugar de producirlos a través de su propio sistema inmunitario. Por ejemplo, los bebés recién nacidos tienen anticuerpos de sus madres. Las personas también pueden obtener inmunidad pasiva a través de productos sanguíneos que contienen anticuerpos. Este tipo de inmunidad le brinda protección inmediata, pero solo dura unas pocas semanas o meses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué problemas puede tener el sistema inmunitario?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, una persona puede tener una respuesta inmune aunque no exista una amenaza real. Esto puede provocar problemas como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;alergias&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;. Si tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, su sistema inmunitario ataca por error a las células sanas de su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otros problemas del sistema inmunitario ocurren cuando no funciona bien. Estos problemas incluyen enfermedades por inmunodeficiencia. Si tiene una enfermedad de inmunodeficiencia, se enferma con más frecuencia. Sus infecciones pueden durar más y pueden ser más graves y más difíciles de tratar. A menudo son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos genéticos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen otras enfermedades que pueden afectar su sistema inmunitario. Por ejemplo, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; es un virus que daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir sus glóbulos blancos. Si el VIH no se trata, puede causar sida (síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida). Las personas con sida tienen gravemente dañado su sistema inmunitario y sufren muchas enfermedades serias. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html" id="295" language="English">Immune System and Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html" id="1764">Enfermedades autoinmunes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<see-reference>Inmunitario, Enfermedades del sistema</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inmunológico, Enfermedades del sistema</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sistema inmune, Enfermedades de</see-reference>
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<site title="Cambios en el sistema inmunitario con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004008.htm">
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<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
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<site title="Cuestionario sobre realidad y ficción del estado físico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001941_100.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001941_45.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Defensas de su cuerpo contra las enfermedades" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-defensas-de-su-cuerpo-contra-las-enfermedades">
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<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Examen de nefelometría cuantitativa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003545.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<site title="Fagocitosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000098.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000098.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Gamapatía monoclonal de significado incierto" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12572/gamapatia-monoclonal-de-significado-incierto/">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Guía sobre la vacuna para la gripe para pacientes con inmunodeficiencia" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-inmunodeficiencias/guia-sobre-la-vacuna-contra-la-gripe-para-paciente" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/immuno-deficiency/flu-vaccine-guidance">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
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<site title="Histiocitosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000068.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones recurrentes en niños" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunodeficiencia combinada grave (IDCG)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/severe-immunodeficiency.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/severe-immunodeficiency.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoelectroforesis en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003541.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IVIG)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inmunoglobulina-intravenosa-ivig" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/intravenous-immunoglobulin-ivig">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a las inmunodeficiencias" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%c3%b3gicos/inmunodeficiencias/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-inmunodeficiencias" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/overview-of-immunodeficiency-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11880/linfohistiocitosis-hemofagocitica/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Mastocitosis sistémica" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/mastocitosis-sistemica">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Personas en riesgo: Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mgac/personas-con-el-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado" language-mapped-url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/people-with-weakened-immune-systems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de aglutinación en látex" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003334.htm">
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<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recurrencia de infecciones puede indicar inmunodeficiencias" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-inmunodeficiencias/la-recurrencia-de-infecciones-puede-indicar-inmuno" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/immuno-deficiency/recurrent-infections-immunodeficiencies">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta inmunitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000821.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respuesta inmunológica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000073.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immune.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/immune.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/immune.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema inmunitario (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/immune.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistemas inmunitarios débiles" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/weakened-immune-systems.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/Weakened-Immune-Systems.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001312.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001312.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de deleción del cromosoma 22q11.2 (Síndrome de DiGeorge)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/22q11-deletion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/22q11-deletion.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de DiGeorge (SDG)" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/enfermedades-de-inmunodeficiencia-primaria/sindrome-de-digeorge-(sdg)" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/primary-immunodeficiency-disease/digeorge-syndrome">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de hiperinmunoglobulina E" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001311.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001311.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Síndrome de MonoMAC" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12345/sindrome-de-monomac/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos por inmunodeficiencia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000818.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Título de anticuerpos en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003333.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003333.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un alergista/inmunólogo pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-allergist-immunologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Allergist-Immunologist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sjogren's Syndrome is an autoimmune disease that causes dryness of the mouth, eyes and other parts of the body. Learn how to relieve the symptoms." title="Sjogren's Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="918" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Sjogren's syndrome? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sjogren's syndrome, also called Sjogren's disease, is a chronic (long-lasting) &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune disease&lt;/a&gt;. When you have an autoimmune disease, your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; attacks healthy tissues and organs by mistake. In Sjogren's syndrome, your immune system attacks the glands that make moisture in the eyes, mouth, and other parts of the body. This causes a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html"&gt;dry mouth&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tears.html"&gt;dry eyes&lt;/a&gt;. You may have dryness in other places that need moisture, such as your nose, throat, and skin. Sjogren's can also affect other parts of the body, including your joints, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, digestive organs, and nerves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Sjogren's syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Normally, your immune system protects the body from infection and disease. But with Sjogren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases, your immune system attacks healthy tissues and organs. Researchers don't know for sure what causes the immune system to do this. But they think that it is caused by a combination of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sjogren-syndrome/"&gt;genetic&lt;/a&gt; and environmental factors. Studies have linked Sjogren's syndrome to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/"&gt;gene changes&lt;/a&gt; in several genes. Some researchers also think that the disease may be triggered by something in the environment. For example, they think that one possible trigger could be a previous infection with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop Sjogren's syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with Sjogren's syndrome are women. You can get it at any age, but it is most common in people in their 40s and 50s.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sjogren's syndrome is more common in people who have other autoimmune diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;. This is known as a &lt;strong&gt;secondary form&lt;/strong&gt; of Sjogren's syndrome. People who don't have another autoimmune disease have a &lt;strong&gt;primary form&lt;/strong&gt; of Sjogren's syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sjogren's syndrome may have different effects on the body. Not everyone will have the same symptoms. Some people have cycles of mild and then severe symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The two main symptoms are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dry eyes.&lt;/strong&gt; Your eyes may burn or itch or feel like they have sand in them. Sometimes your vision may be blurry, or you could be bothered by bright lights.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dry mouth.&lt;/strong&gt; Your tongue and your throat may feel dry. You might have trouble &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;speaking&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;tasting&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sjogren's syndrome can also affect other parts of the body, causing symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint and muscle pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;Rashes&lt;/a&gt; on the skin of hands or feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vaginal dryness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dry &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt; that doesn't go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt; that doesn't go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Sjogren's syndrome diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no single test for Sjogren's syndrome. To find out if you have it, your provider:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your medical history and symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a physical exam, which includes checking for signs of dry mouth and signs of related autoimmune diseases.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order tests, including:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Eye tests to see if you produce a normal amount of tears and to find out if your eyes have been damaged by dryness.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Salivary gland tests to measure how much saliva your mouth produces. They could include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Blood tests.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Sjogren's syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for Sjogren's syndrome. Treatment focuses on relieving your symptoms. The treatments can be different for each person, depending on which parts of the body are affected. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eye drops (artificial tears) or ointments to relieve dryness in the eyes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Saliva substitutes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prescription medicines that cause your salivary glands to make more saliva.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A minor procedure that places small plugs the tear duct in the corners of the eyes. The plugs block your tears from draining so they stay in your eyes longer.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to help with other symptoms caused by Sjogren's syndrome, such as medicines for pain and inflammation.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines that suppress (weaken) your immune system (for severe cases).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also try to relieve some of your symptoms by sucking on sugar-free candy, drinking water often, increasing the humidity in your room, and not smoking. Because having a dry mouth can raise your risk of cavities, it's important to take good care of your teeth and see your dentist regularly.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Forehead lift - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100020_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100020_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Select Anti-Aging Skin Care Products" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging/selecting-anti-aging-products?NoAds">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laser Skin Renewal" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/laser-skin-renewal?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver spots" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001141.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuromodulators for Aging Skin" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/neuromodulators/neuromodulators-for-aging-skin">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Aging" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Skin+Aging%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sagging Skin" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-conditions/sagging-skin">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Care and Aging" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/skin-care/skin-care-and-aging" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/piel/cuidado-piel-envejecimiento">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wrinkle Creams: Your Guide to Younger Looking Skin" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrinkles/in-depth/wrinkle-creams/ART-20047463?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wrinkles/in-depth/wrinkle-creams/art-20047463?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wrinkle Treatments and Other Anti-aging Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/wrinkle-treatments-and-other-anti-aging-products">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wrinkles" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003252.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003252.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Try ABCDE on a mole to check for signs of skin cancer: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevation. Learn more on advanced detection and treatments." title="Skin Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html" id="405" language="English" date-created="03/05/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The two most common types are basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. They usually form on the head, face, neck, hands, and arms. Another type of skin cancer, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html"&gt;melanoma&lt;/a&gt;, is more dangerous but less common. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get skin cancer, but it is more common in people who :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Spend a lot of time in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sun&lt;/a&gt; or have been sunburned&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Have light-colored skin, hair and eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Have a family member with skin cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Are over age 50&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should have your doctor check any suspicious skin markings and any changes in the way your skin looks. Treatment is more likely to work well when cancer is found early.  If not treated, some types of skin cancer cells can spread to other tissues and organs. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biologic therapy. PDT uses a drug and a type of laser light to kill cancer cells. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html" id="2149" language="Spanish">Cáncer de piel</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012878">Skin Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/skincancer.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html" id="321">Melanoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html" id="40">Skin Conditions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html" id="1419">Sun Exposure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tanning.html" id="6541">Tanning</related-topic>
<see-reference>Actinic Keratosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Basal Cell Carcinoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Merkel Cell Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="9q22.3 microdeletion: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/9q223-microdeletion">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Actinic Cheilitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/actinic-cheilitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinic keratosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000827.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/actinic-keratosis-solar-keratosis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anyone Can Get Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/anyone-can-get-skin-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/cualquiera-padecer-cancer-piel">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Basal cell skin cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000824.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000824.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/child-skin-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Melanoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/child-melanoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-melanoma-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Basal Cell" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma,+Basal+Cell%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carcinoma, Merkel Cell" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carcinoma,+Merkel+Cell%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Keratosis, Actinic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Keratosis,+Actinic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Skin Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Skin+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cryosurgery to Treat Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/cryosurgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/cirugia/crioterapia">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/skin">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrodesiccation" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/electrodesiccation?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologic Surgeon" url="https://www.asds.net/find-a-dermatologic-surgeon/advanced/true">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="For Some Skin Cancers, Targeted Drug Hits the Mark" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/research/vismodegib-basal-cell">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Merkel Cell Carcinoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/merkel-cell-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-merkel-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gorlin syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gorlin-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Skin Cancer" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Skin-Cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Basal or Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-de-celulas-basales-y-escamosas/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melanoma of the Skin Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/statistics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/statistics/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mohs Micrographic Surgery" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/mohs-micrographic-surgery?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mohs micrographic surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007634.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007634.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001452.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001452.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Skin+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reducing Risk for Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Skin Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq#_32" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq#section/_32">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sebaceous Carcinoma: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/sebaceous?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Biopsy" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/skin-biopsy?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/skin-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-piel-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer" url="https://www.aad.org/media/stats-skin-cancer?NoAds">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Diagnosis Highlights Importance of Annual Checks" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/skin-cancer-diagnosis-highlights-importance-of-annual-checks" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/diagnostico-de-cancer-de-piel-destaca-la-importancia-de-examenes-anuales">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-prevention-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/prevencion-piel-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-cancer-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-cancer-de-piel/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-screening-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/deteccion-piel-pdq">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Skin Cancer: Treatment Types" url="https://www.rtanswers.org/cancer-types/skin-cancer/treatment-types">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Radiation Oncology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003840.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin self-exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000711.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/squamous-cell-carcinoma-scc?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Squamous cell skin cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000829.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Stages of Merkel Cell Carcinoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/merkel-cell-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-merkel-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Stages of Skin Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/piel/paciente/tratamiento-piel-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Sunscreen in the Winter?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/sunscreen-in-the-winter" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/protector-solar-en-invierno">
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<site title="Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Take Steps to Prevent Skin Cancer" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/cancer/tome-medidas-prevenir-cancer-piel">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-de-celulas-basales-y-escamosas/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
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<site title="What's New in Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-piel-de-celulas-basales-y-escamosas/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
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<site title="Xeroderma pigmentosum: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your skin is your body's largest organ. It covers and protects your body. Learn about skin conditions, including causes, symptoms, and treatment." title="Skin Conditions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html" id="40" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<also-called>Cutaneous disorders</also-called>
<also-called>Dermatologic disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What does your skin do?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your skin is your body's largest organ. It covers the entire outside of your body. There are many ways that your skin protects your body and helps keep you healthy. For example, it:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Holds body fluids in, which helps prevent you from getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydrated&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeps out harmful germs, which helps prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html"&gt;infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helps you feel things like heat, cold, and pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helps control your body temperature&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Makes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; when the sun shines on it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shields your body against heat and light&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What problems and conditions can affect your skin?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different problems and conditions which can affect your skin. Some of them can cause uncomfortable symptoms, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html"&gt;itching&lt;/a&gt;, burning, redness, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt;. They might also affect your appearance. Some of the more common skin conditions include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html"&gt;Acne&lt;/a&gt;, which causes pimples when hair follicles under your skin get clogged up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;Burns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;Cuts and scrapes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html"&gt;Dandruff&lt;/a&gt;, flaking of the skin on your scalp (the top of your head)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;Eczema&lt;/a&gt; (atopic dermatitis), which causes inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html"&gt;Hives&lt;/a&gt;, which are red and sometimes itchy bumps on your skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;Insect bites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html"&gt;Psoriasis&lt;/a&gt;, which causes itchy, scaly red patches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html"&gt;Skin cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I keep my skin healthy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since your skin protects your body in many ways, it's important to try to keep your skin healthy. For example, you can:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear the right protective equipment, like gloves, long sleeves, knee and elbow pads, or helmets to protect against cuts, bumps and scrapes.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you do get a cut or scrape, clean it right away with soap and warm water. Put on a bandage to protect it while it heals.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;When you are spending time outdoors, wear long sleeves and pants and use insect repellant to prevent insect bites.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sunburn&lt;/a&gt; by covering up and using sunscreen when outdoors.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Wash your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;When you take a shower or bath, use warm (not hot) water. Use mild cleansers and wash gently (don't scrub).
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Use moisturizers, like lotions, creams, or ointments, to prevent dry skin.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html" id="2150" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la piel</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012871">Skin Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/blisters.html" id="6419">Blisters</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html" id="6410">Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html" id="1215">Eczema</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html" id="1253">Impetigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html" id="3067">Itching</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html" id="373">Psoriasis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html" id="208">Rashes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html" id="394">Scleroderma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html" id="3775">Skin Aging</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html" id="405">Skin Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html" id="5358">Skin Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="406">Skin Pigmentation Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cutaneous Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dermatology</see-reference>
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<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
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<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society for Dermatologic Surgery" url="https://www.asds.net/">
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<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ankyloblepharon-ectodermal-defects-cleft-lip-palate-syndrome">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Cellulite" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cellulite.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cellulite.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Skin Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Skin+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cole disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cole-disease">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Common Skin Conditions during Pregnancy" url="https://familydoctor.org/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/afecciones-comunes-de-la-piel-durante-el-embarazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Components of skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000029.htm">
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Cryotherapy for the skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007506.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Cutaneous Horn" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/cutaneous-horn?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
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<site title="Cutaneous skin tag" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000848.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000848.htm">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Delusional parasitosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/delusional-parasitosis/art-20044996?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/delusional-parasitosis/art-20044996?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis Herpetiformis" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/DermatitisHerpetifo?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatitis herpetiformis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001480.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001480.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatographia (Dermatographism)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatographia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371411?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dermatographia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371411?p=1">
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<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dermatology Terms" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/DermTerms?">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
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<site title="Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra" url="https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/dermatosis-papulosa-nigra/?Imiw9cApl=1">
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<site title="Dry Skin" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-skin/symptoms-causes/syc-20353885?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Dry Skin (Xerosis)" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/dry-skin-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
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<site title="Dry skin - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000751.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000751.htm">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electrodesiccation" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/electrodesiccation?Imiw9cApl">
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<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
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<site title="Epidermolysis bullosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001457.htm">
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<organization>Center for Construction Research and Training</organization>
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<site title="Skin Rashes and Other Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true">
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<site title="Skin, Hair, and Nails: The Body's Protective Layer" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/skin-hair-nails.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/skin-hair-nails.html">
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<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
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<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Skin infections can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasites. Impetigo is a type among kids. Shingles is a reactivation of chickenpox virus." title="Skin Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html" id="5358" language="English" date-created="01/11/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are skin infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your skin is your body's largest organ. It has many different functions, including covering and protecting your body. It helps keep germs out. But sometimes the germs can cause a skin infection. It often happens when the germs enter your body through a break, cut, or wound on your skin. Other skin infections can happen in places where the skin rubs together, especially if the area is moist. Infections can also happen when you have a poor blood supply to an area of your body or if your immune system is weakened because of another disease or a medical treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some skin infections cover a small area on the top of your skin. Other infections can go deep into your skin or spread to a larger area.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes skin infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Skin infections are caused by different kinds of germs. For example,:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacteria cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html"&gt;cellulitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html"&gt;impetigo&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="staphylococcalinfections.html" tid="418"&gt;staphylococcal (staph) infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Viruses cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html"&gt;shingles&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html"&gt;warts&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html"&gt;herpes simplex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fungi cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html"&gt;athlete's foot&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;yeast infections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parasites cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html"&gt;body lice&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html"&gt;head lice&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html"&gt;scabies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get a skin infection?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are more likely to get a skin infection if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Have poor circulation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system disease&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a weakened immune system because of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt; or other medicines that suppress your immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have to stay in one position for a long time, such as if you are sick and have to stay in bed for a long time or you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html"&gt;paralyzed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html"&gt;malnourished&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have excessive skinfolds, which can happen if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of skin infections?&lt;/h3&gt;	
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms depend on the type of infection. Some symptoms that are common to many skin infections include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;rashes&lt;/a&gt;, swelling, redness, pain, pus, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html"&gt;itching&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are skin infections diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose a skin infection, your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You may have lab tests, such as a skin culture. This is a test to identify what type of infection you have, using a sample from your skin. Your provider may take the sample by swabbing or scraping your skin or removing a small piece of skin (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;). Sometimes providers use other tests, such as blood tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are skin infections treated?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment depends on the type of infection and how serious it is. Some infections will go away on their own. When you do need treatment, it may include a cream or lotion to put on the skin. Other possible treatments include medicines and a procedure to drain pus.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html" id="5359" language="Spanish">Infecciones de la piel</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012874">Skin Diseases, Infectious</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html" id="158">Bacterial Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gangrene.html" id="5580">Gangrene</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html" id="40">Skin Conditions</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454">Viral Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Molluscum Contagiosum</see-reference>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Onchocerciasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/filarial-worms/about/onchocerciasis.html">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Actinomycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000599.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blastomycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000102.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000102.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Blastomycosis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/blastomycosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boils" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Boils?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boils" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001474.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Boils (Furunculosis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/furunculosis-boil?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boils and Carbuncles" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Candida infection of the skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000880.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Carbuncle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000825.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Molluscum+Contagiosum%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Skin Diseases, Infectious" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Skin+Diseases,+Infectious%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cutaneous Larva Migrans" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/CutaneousLarvaMigr?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuts, Scratches, and Scrapes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cuts.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes and Skin Complications" url="https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/skin-complications" language-mapped-url="http://www.diabetes.org/es/vivir-con-diabetes/complicaciones/complicaciones-en-la-piel.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Diabetes Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000636.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ecthyma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000864.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erysipelas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000618.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erysipelas" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Erysipelas?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythema multiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000851.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000851.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Erythema Nodosum" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/ErythemaNodosum?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
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<site title="Erythema Nodosum" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/erythema-nodosum?Imiw9cApl">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erythrasma" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/erythrasma?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
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<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gram stain of skin lesion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003760.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intertrigo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003223.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intertrigo" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intertrigo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/intertrigo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Intertrigo" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/intertrigo?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
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<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/molluscum-contagiosum?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
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<site title="Molluscum contagiosum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000826.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/molluscum-contagiosum/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/molusco-contagioso/">
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<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/molluscum-contagiosum">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
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<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.cdc.gov/molluscum-contagiosum/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/molluscum-contagiosum.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/molluscum-contagiosum.html">
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<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum in Schools, Daycares, and Pools" url="https://www.cdc.gov/molluscum-contagiosum/special-environments/">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum: Overview" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/molluscum-contagiosum-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
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<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Necrotizing soft tissue infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Nikolsky sign" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003285.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Overview of Bacterial Skin Infections" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/overview-of-bacterial-skin-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-bacterianas-de-la-piel">
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<site title="Overview of Fungal Skin Infections" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/overview-of-fungal-skin-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/infecciones-f%C3%BAngicas-de-la-piel/introducci%C3%B3n-a-las-infecciones-f%C3%BAngicas-de-la-piel">
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<site title="Paronychia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001444.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Skin Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Skin+Diseases%2C+Infectious%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
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<site title="Safely Treating Molluscum, a Common Skin Condition" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-treating-molluscum-common-skin-condition" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-tratamiento-seguro-del-molusco-una-afeccion-comun-de-la-piel">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
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<site title="Scalded skin syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001352.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/skin-biopsy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-piel/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Skin Infections in Athletes" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/skin-infections-in-athletes/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin lesion aspiration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003451.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003451.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Skin lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003840.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Skin lesion KOH exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003761.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Skin lesion of blastomycosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000865.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000865.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Skin or nail culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003762.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Skin Rashes and Other Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/skin-rashes-skin-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/erupciones-de-cutaneas-leves-y-otros-cambios-en-el-piel/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
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<site title="Sporotrichosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001338.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sporotrichosis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sporotrichosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Swimming pool granuloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001357.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Tinea Versicolor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tinea-versicolor/symptoms-causes/syc-20378385?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tinea-versicolor/symptoms-causes/syc-20378385?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
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<site title="Tinea Versicolor" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/tinea-versicolor-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
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<site title="Tinea Versicolor" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/tinea-versicolor?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
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<site title="Tinea versicolor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001465.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Wood's Lamp Examination" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/woods-lamp-examination?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Read about skin pigmentation disorders, which affect the color of your skin. It could be too light or too dark, in certain areas or all over the body. " title="Skin Pigmentation Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="406" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<also-called>Hyperpigmentation</also-called>
<also-called>Hypopigmentation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pigmentation means coloring. Skin pigmentation disorders affect the color of your skin. Your skin gets its color from a pigment called melanin. Special cells in the skin make melanin. When these cells become damaged or unhealthy, it affects melanin production. Some pigmentation disorders affect just patches of skin. Others affect your entire body. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your body makes too much melanin, your skin gets darker. Pregnancy, Addison's disease, and sun exposure all can make your skin darker. If your body makes too little melanin, your skin gets lighter. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitiligo.html"&gt;Vitiligo&lt;/a&gt; is a condition that causes patches of light skin. Albinism is a genetic condition affecting a person's skin. A person with albinism may have no color, lighter than normal skin color, or patchy missing skin color. Infections, blisters and burns can also cause lighter skin. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010859">Pigmentation Disorders</descriptor>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthmarks.html" id="5402">Birthmarks</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/moles.html" id="4491">Moles</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitiligo.html" id="1306">Vitiligo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hyperpigmentation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypopigmentation</see-reference>
<site title="Abnormally dark or light skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003242.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acanthosis Nigricans" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Acanthosis Nigricans" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acanthosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acanthosis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Acanthosis nigricans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000852.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Acanthosis Nigricans" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/acanthosis-nigricans?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
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<site title="Age Spots" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-conditions/age-spots">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Albinism" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/albinism/symptoms-causes/syc-20369184?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Albinism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Albinism" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/albinism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/albinism.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Café au Lait Macule" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/cafeau-lait-macule?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemical Peels" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/chemical-peels">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperpigmentation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperpigmentation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypopigmentation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypopigmentation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pigmentation Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pigmentation+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crouzon-syndrome-with-acanthosis-nigricans">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermabrasion" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/dermabrasion">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dowling-Degos disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dowling-degos-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologic Surgeon" url="https://www.asds.net/find-a-dermatologic-surgeon/advanced/true">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Griscelli syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/griscelli-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hermansky-pudlak-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy-plus-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hyperpigmentation" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Hyperpigmentation?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypomelanosis of Ito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001461.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinentia Pigmenti" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/incontinentia-pigmenti">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incontinentia pigmenti" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001583.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinentia pigmenti: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/incontinentia-pigmenti">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laser Resurfacing" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/laser-resurfacing">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legius syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/legius-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lentigines" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Lentigines?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lentigo Simplex" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/lentigo-simplex?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver spots" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001141.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="McCune-Albright syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001217.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melasma" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/melasma-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melasma" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/melasma?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000836.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Oral Melanotic Macule" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/oral-melanotic-macule?Imiw9cApl">
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<site title="Overview of Skin Pigment" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/pigment-disorders/overview-of-skin-pigment" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/alteraciones-de-la-pigmentaci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-pigmentaci%C3%B3n-cut%C3%A1nea">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Pityriasis alba" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001463.htm">
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<site title="Pityriasis Alba" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/PityriasisAlba?">
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<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
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<site title="Pityriasis Alba" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/pityriasis-alba?Imiw9cApl">
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<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
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<site title="Post-Inflammatory Hypopigmentation" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/post-inflammatory-hypopigmentation?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Pigmentary Purpura" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/ProgressivePigmenta?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Pigmentation Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pigmentation+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Urticaria pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001466.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Vici syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vici-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Waardenburg syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001428.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Waardenburg syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/waardenburg-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Freckles?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/freckles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/freckles.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wood's Lamp Examination" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/woods-lamp-examination?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xeroderma pigmentosum: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sleep apnea is a common disorder that causes your breathing to stop or get very shallow while you sleep. Discover sleep apnea symptoms and treatment." title="Sleep Apnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html" id="2784" language="English" date-created="10/10/2002">
<also-called>Sleep-disordered breathing</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sleep apnea is a common disorder that causes your breathing to stop or get very shallow. Breathing pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes. They may occur 30 times or more an hour.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common type is obstructive sleep apnea. It causes your airway to collapse or become blocked during sleep. Normal breathing starts again with a snort or choking sound. People with sleep apnea often snore loudly. However, not everyone who &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/snoring.html"&gt;snores&lt;/a&gt; has sleep apnea.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You are more at risk for sleep apnea if you are overweight, male, or have a family history or small airways.  Children with enlarged &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html"&gt;tonsils&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html"&gt;adenoids&lt;/a&gt; may also get it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose sleep apnea based on medical and family histories, a physical exam, and sleep study results.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When your sleep is interrupted throughout the night, you can be drowsy during the day. People with sleep apnea are at higher risk for car crashes, work-related accidents, and other medical problems. If you have it, it is important to get treatment. Lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, surgery, and breathing devices can treat sleep apnea in many people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html" id="2785" language="Spanish">Apnea del sueño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012891">Sleep Apnea Syndromes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sleepapnea.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html" id="3077">Breathing Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html" id="408">Sleep Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/snoring.html" id="1531">Snoring</related-topic>
<see-reference>Apnea, Sleep</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sleep-disordered Breathing</see-reference>
<site title="American Sleep Apnea Association" url="https://www.sleepapnea.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Sleep Apnea Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea of prematurity" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007227.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apnea of Prematurity (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aop.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/aop.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central sleep apnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003997.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003997.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Sleep Apnea - Mayo Clinic" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/central-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352109?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sleep Apnea Syndromes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sleep+Apnea+Syndromes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cpap" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/cpap">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPAP Machines: Tips for Avoiding 10 Common Problems" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/in-depth/cpap/ART-20044164?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/in-depth/cpap/art-20044164?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Do You Need a Device That Claims to Clean a CPAP Machine?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/do-you-need-device-claims-clean-cpap-machine" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/necesita-un-dispositivo-que-afirme-limpiar-una-maquina-cpap">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Sleep Center" url="https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-center/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting a Sleep Apnea Diagnosis" url="https://www.sleepapnea.org/diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Sleep Apnea Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting an Accurate Read on Pulse Oximeters" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Center on Sleep Disorders Research" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/divisions/division-lung-diseases/national-center-sleep-disorders-research">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Center on Sleep Disorders Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000085.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000085.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstructive Sleep Apnea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/obstructive-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352090?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/obstructive-sleep-apnea-and-heart.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obstructive sleep apnea - adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000811.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstructive sleep apnea: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/obstructive-sleep-apnea">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pediatric-sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20376196?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric sleep apnea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007660.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007660.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Positive airway pressure treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001916.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Apnea" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sleep+Apnea+Syndromes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Apnea" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/sleep-apnea" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/apnea-del-sueno">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Apnea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/symptoms-causes/syc-20377631?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Apnea Detection" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Sleep-Apnea-Detection.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/sleep-apnea-detection.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Studies" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-studies" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-del-sueno">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Study" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Study (Polysomnogram)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-study.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep-study.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Struggling to Sleep? Don't Let Apnea Steal Your Sweet Dreams" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/07/struggling-sleep" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dificultad-para-dormir">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007663.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is a Sleep Study?" url="https://www.sleepapnea.org/diagnosis/sleep-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Sleep Apnea Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Sleep Apnea?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-apnea" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/apnea-del-sueno">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Getting a good sleep is vital to your health, but many Americans don't get enough. Learn about sleep disorders, treatments, and good sleep habits." title="Sleep Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html" id="408" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is sleep?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Sleep is a complex biological process. While you are sleeping, you are unconscious, but your brain and body functions are still active. They are doing a number of important jobs that help you stay healthy and function at your best. So when you don't get enough quality sleep, it does more than just make you feel tired. It can affect your physical and mental health, thinking, and daily functioning.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are sleep disorders?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Sleep disorders are conditions that disturb your normal sleep patterns. There are more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some major types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;Insomnia&lt;/a&gt; - being unable to fall asleep and stay asleep. This is the most common sleep disorder.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt; - a breathing disorder in which you stop breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/restlesslegs.html"&gt;Restless leg syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (RLS) - a tingling or prickly sensation in your legs, along with a powerful urge to move them&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hypersomnia - being unable to stay awake during the day. This includes narcolepsy, which causes extreme daytime sleepiness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Circadian rhythm disorders - problems with the sleep-wake cycle. They make you unable to sleep and wake at the right times.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parasomnia - acting in unusual ways while falling asleep, sleeping, or waking from sleep, such as walking, talking, or eating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people who feel tired during the day have a true sleep disorder. But for others, the real problem is not allowing enough time for sleep. It's important to get enough sleep every night. The amount of sleep you need depends on several factors, including your age, lifestyle, health, and whether you have been getting enough sleep recently. Most adults need about 7-8 hours each night.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes sleep disorders?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There are different causes for different sleep disorders, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;nerve disorders&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;Mental illnesses&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also some factors that can contribute to sleep problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;Caffeine&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An irregular schedule, such as working the night shift&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aging. As people age, they often get less sleep or spend less time in the deep, restful stage of sleep. They are also more easily awakened.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of sleep disorders?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of sleep disorders depend on the specific disorder. Some signs that you may have a sleep disorder include that:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You regularly take more than 30 minutes each night to fall asleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You regularly wake up several times each night and then have trouble falling back to sleep, or you wake up too early in the morning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You often feel sleepy during the day, take frequent naps, or fall asleep at the wrong times during the day&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your bed partner says that when you sleep, you snore loudly, snort, gasp, make choking sounds, or stop breathing for short periods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have creeping, tingling, or crawling feelings in your legs or arms that are relieved by moving or massaging them, especially in the evening and when trying to fall asleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your bed partner notices that your legs or arms jerk often during sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have vivid, dreamlike experiences while falling asleep or dozing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You have episodes of sudden muscle weakness when you are angry or fearful, or when you laugh&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You feel as though you cannot move when you first wake up&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are sleep disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will use your medical history, your sleep history, and a physical exam. You may also have a sleep study (polysomnogram). The most common types of sleep studies monitor and record data about your body during a full night of sleep. The data includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brain wave changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eye movements&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing rate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart rate and electrical activity of the heart and other muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other types of sleep studies may check how quickly you fall asleep during daytime naps or whether you are able to stay awake and alert during the day.&lt;/p&gt;	

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for sleep disorders?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for sleep disorders depend on which disorder you have. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;Good sleep habits&lt;/a&gt; and other lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety about getting enough sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine for sleep apnea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bright light therapy (in the morning)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, including sleeping pills. Usually, providers recommend that you use sleeping pills for a short period of time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Natural products, such as melatonin. These products may help some people but are generally for short-term use. Make sure to check with your health care provider before you take any of them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
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<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Terrors (Night Terrors)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sleep-terrors/symptoms-causes/syc-20353524?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleepwalking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000808.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000808.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleepwalking" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleepwalking/symptoms-causes/syc-20353506?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teenagers and sleep" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Circadian Rhythm Disorders?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/circadian-rhythm-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/trastornos-del-ritmo-circadiano">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/health/sleep-deprivation">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What to Do if You Can't Sleep (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/cant-sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/cant-sleep.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your small intestine connects your stomach to your large intestine (or colon). Find out about different diseases and disorders of the small intestine." title="Small Intestine Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5446" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your small intestine is the longest part of your digestive system - about twenty feet long!  It connects your stomach to your large intestine (or colon) and folds many times to fit inside your abdomen. Your small intestine does most of the digesting of the foods you eat.  It has three areas called the duodenum, the ileum, and the jejunum.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Problems with the small intestine can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html"&gt;Celiac disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalcancer.html"&gt;Intestinal cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html"&gt;Intestinal obstruction&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html"&gt;Irritable bowel syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ulcers, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;peptic ulcer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment of disorders of the small intestine depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallintestinedisorders.html" id="5447" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del intestino delgado</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007579">Jejunal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004378">Duodenal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007077">Ileal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallintestinedisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html" id="897">Celiac Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html" id="119">Crohn's Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html" id="211">Diarrhea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html" id="29">Digestive Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" id="1308">Gastrointestinal Bleeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalcancer.html" id="3652">Intestinal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html" id="5275">Intestinal Obstruction</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="614">Irritable Bowel Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5459">Malabsorption Syndromes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ostomy.html" id="3038">Ostomy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html" id="357">Peptic Ulcer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Intestinal Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Capsule Endoscopy" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-capsule-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-capsular">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Duodenal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Duodenal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ileal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ileal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Intestinal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Intestinal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Culture - duodenal tissue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003730.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disorders of the Small Intestine" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-small-intestine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duodenal atresia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001131.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="EGD - esophagogastroduodenoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003888.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003888.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="EGD discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001149.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroclysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003818.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003818.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007378.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Failure (Short Bowel Syndrome)" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Short%20Bowel%20Syndrome%20-%20English.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Short%20Bowel%20Syndrome%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Malrotation" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/malrotation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/malrotation.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intestine Transplant" url="https://transplantliving.org/organ-facts/intestine/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>United Network for Organ Sharing</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meckel diverticulectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002929.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meckel diverticulum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000234.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000234.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meckel's diverticulectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100092_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100092_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meckel's Diverticulum" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/meckels-diverticulum/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdoces/home/common/digestive/disorders/547.printerview.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing enterocolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001148.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001148.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing Enterocolitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nec.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nec.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/nec" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/nec">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ostomy Surgery of the Bowel" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ostomy-surgery-bowel">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ova and Parasite Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ova-and-parasite-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-huevos-y-parasitos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Small Intestine Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ileal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Duodenal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Jejunal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rare Infections: Yersinia Enterocolitica and Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Rare-Infections-Yersinia-Enterocolitica-and-Yersinia-Pseudotuberculosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/rare-infections-yersinia-enterocolitica-and-yersinia-pseudotuberculosis.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Short Bowel Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/short-bowel-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Short bowel syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000237.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Short Bowel Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel bacterial overgrowth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000222.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small Bowel Bleeding" url="https://gi.org/topics/small-bowel-bleeding/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/sangrado-del-intestino-delgado-causas-diagnostico-y-tratamiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small Bowel Follow-Through" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/small-bowel-follow-thru" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/small-bowel-follow-thru">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002943.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002943.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000152.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small bowel resection - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100039_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100039_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Small intestine aspirate and culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003731.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003731.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smear of duodenal fluid aspirate" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003729.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7712/superior-mesenteric-artery-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12871/sindrome-de-la-arteria-mesenterica-superior/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI and small bowel series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the Variola virus. It is contagious and has killed thousands. Find a list of symptoms related to smallpox" title="Smallpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html" id="1567" language="English" date-created="10/18/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Some experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other infectious diseases combined.  Worldwide vaccination stopped the spread of smallpox three decades ago. The last case was reported in 1977. Two research labs still keep small amounts of the virus.  Experts fear &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterrorists&lt;/a&gt; could use the virus to spread disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Smallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like.  They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatigue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Headache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Backache&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A rash with flat red sores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no treatment. Fluids and medicines for pain or fever can help control symptoms. Most people recover, but some can die. Those who do recover may have severe scars.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The U.S. stopped routine smallpox vaccinations in 1972. Military and other high-risk groups continue to get the vaccine. The U.S. has increased its supply of the vaccine in recent years.  The vaccine makes some people sick, so doctors save it for those at highest risk of disease.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html" id="2154" language="Spanish">Viruela</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012899">Smallpox</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012900">Smallpox Vaccine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smallpox.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1550">Biodefense and Bioterrorism</related-topic>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Smallpox" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Smallpox%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Smallpox%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Smallpox+Vaccine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions and Answers on Smallpox" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/smallpox">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/smallpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20353027?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/smallpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20353027?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/smallpox">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001356.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smallpox.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smallpox.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox (Variola)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/atlas/smallpox-variola?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smallpox/Monkeypox Vaccine Information Statement" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/smallpox-monkeypox.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Basics: Smallpox" url="https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/vaccine-basics/index.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- Smallpox/Monkeypox Vaccine (JYNNEOS): What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/smallpox-monkeypox.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_smallpox_monkeypox.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Smallpox?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="World Health Organization" url="https://www.who.int/en/" language-mapped-url="http://www.who.int/es/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Those who enjoy chewing tobacco think it's safer than smoking. But smokeless tobacco can also cause dangerous risks. Read about them." title="Smokeless Tobacco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html" id="1474" language="English" date-created="05/09/2001">
<also-called>Chewing tobacco</also-called>
<also-called>Dip</also-called>
<also-called>Oral tobacco</also-called>
<also-called>Snuff</also-called>
<also-called>Spit tobacco</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many people who chew tobacco or dip snuff think it's safer than &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt;. But you don't have to smoke tobacco for it to be dangerous. Chewing or dipping carries risks like:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;	Cancer of the mouth&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;	Decay of exposed tooth roots&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Pulling away of the gums from the teeth&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;	White patches or red sores in the mouth that can turn to cancer&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Recent research shows the dangers of smokeless tobacco may go beyond the mouth. It might also play a role in other cancers, heart disease and stroke. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Smokeless tobacco contains more nicotine than cigarettes. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that makes it hard to stop using tobacco once you start. Having a quit date and a quitting plan can help you stop successfully. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html" id="2155" language="Spanish">Tabaco que no se fuma</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014030">Tobacco, Smokeless</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smokelesstobacco.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smokelesstobacco.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smokelesstobacco.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smokelesstobacco.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smokelesstobacco.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html" id="331">Oral Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html" id="1359">Quitting Smoking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108">Smoking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chewing Tobacco</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dip</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oral Tobacco</see-reference>
<see-reference>Snuff</see-reference>
<see-reference>Spit Tobacco</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tobacco, Smokeless</see-reference>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="BeTobaccoFree.gov" url="https://betobaccofree.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chewing Tobacco and Other Forms of Smokeless Tobacco Are More Harmful and Addictive Than You Might Think." url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/in-depth/chewing-tobacco/art-20047428?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/in-depth/chewing-tobacco/art-20047428?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tobacco, Smokeless" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22Tobacco,+Smokeless%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigs, Menthol, and Dip" url="https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/ecigs-menthol-dip" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/cigarrillos-electronicos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/other-tobacco-products/smokeless-tobacco-health-effects.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Risks of Smokeless Tobacco" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/health-risks-of-tobacco/smokeless-tobacco.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/content/cancer/es/saludable/mantengase-alejado-del-tabaco/riesgos-para-la-salud-debido-al-tabaquismo/productos-de-tabaco-sin-humo.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smokeless Tobacco" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tobacco%2C+Smokeless%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Smokeless Tobacco" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smokeless.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/smokeless.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There's no way around it. Smoking is bad for your health. Learn the effects of smoking (how smoking harms nearly every organ) and how to quit." title="Smoking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108" language="English" date-created="12/18/1998">
<also-called>Cigar smoking</also-called>
<also-called>Cigarette smoking</also-called>
<also-called>Pipe smoking</also-called>
<also-called>Tobacco smoking</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are the health effects of smoking?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There's no way around it; smoking is bad for your health. It harms nearly every organ of the body, even some that you would not expect. Cigarette smoking causes many cancers and other health problems. It is also the cause of nearly one in five deaths in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the many health problems that smoking can cause include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cancers.&lt;/strong&gt; Smoking is the most common cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html"&gt;lung&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html"&gt;oral&lt;/a&gt; cancers. But it can also cause cancer in many other parts of your body, such as in your larynx (voice box), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esophagus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html"&gt;throat&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html"&gt;bladder&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html"&gt;liver&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html"&gt;stomach&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html"&gt;pancreas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html"&gt;colon and rectum&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cervix&lt;/a&gt;. It can also cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html"&gt;acute myeloid leukemia&lt;/a&gt; (AML). &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;Lung diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Smoking is the most common cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html"&gt;COPD&lt;/a&gt;. It can also worsen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt; and raise your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cardiovascular diseases.&lt;/strong&gt;  Smoking can damage your blood vessels and make them thicken and grow narrower. This makes your heart  beat faster and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;raises your blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;. Smoking also increases your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Smoking can raise your risk of  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;cataracts&lt;/a&gt; and cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;macular degeneration&lt;/a&gt; (AMD).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;who smoke while pregnant&lt;/a&gt; have a greater chance of certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy problems&lt;/a&gt;.   Their babies are also at higher risk of dying of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html"&gt;sudden infant death syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (SIDS).&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Smoking also causes addiction to nicotine, a stimulant drug that is in tobacco. Nicotine addiction makes it much harder for people to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health risks of secondhand smoke?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your smoke is also bad for other people. If they breathe in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html"&gt;secondhand smoke&lt;/a&gt;, they can get many of the same problems as smokers do. These problems can include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt; and lung cancer. Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html"&gt;ear infections&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt;, pneumonia, bronchitis, and more severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt;. People who breathe secondhand smoke while pregnant are more likely to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;preterm labor&lt;/a&gt; and babies with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Are other forms of tobacco also dangerous?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Besides cigarettes, there are several other forms of tobacco. Some people smoke tobacco in cigars and water pipes (hookahs). These forms of tobacco also contain harmful chemicals and nicotine. Some cigars contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html"&gt;E-cigarettes&lt;/a&gt; often look like cigarettes, but they work differently. They are battery-operated smoking devices. Using an e-cigarette is called vaping. Researchers still have a lot to learn about the health effects of using e-cigarettes. We do know that they contain nicotine, which is highly addictive and is a health danger for pregnant people, their developing babies, children, and teens. And e-cigarettes also expose non-smokers to secondhand aerosols (rather than secondhand smoke), which contain harmful chemicals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;Smokeless tobacco&lt;/a&gt;, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, is also bad for your health. Smokeless tobacco can cause certain cancers, including oral cancer. It also increases your risk of getting heart disease, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html"&gt;gum disease&lt;/a&gt;, and oral lesions.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Why should I quit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Remember, there is no safe level of tobacco use. Smoking even just one cigarette per day over a lifetime can cause smoking-related cancers and premature death. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of health problems and add years to your life. The earlier you quit, the greater the benefit. Some immediate benefits of quitting include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower heart rate and blood pressure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Less carbon monoxide in the blood (carbon monoxide reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Better circulation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Less coughing and wheezing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quitting smoking can be challenging, but it is so important for your health. Contact your health care provider if you need help quitting.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html" id="2156" language="Spanish">Fumar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073865">Cigarette Smoking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073868">Pipe Smoking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073869">Tobacco Smoking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073867">Water Pipe Smoking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073863">Cigar Smoking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/smoking.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html" id="6290">E-Cigarettes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html" id="1359">Quitting Smoking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html" id="1473">Secondhand Smoke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html" id="1474">Smokeless Tobacco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html" id="1536">Smoking and Youth</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nicotine</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tobacco Smoking</see-reference>
<site title="About Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cigarette Smoking and Electronic Cigarette Use: FastStats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/smoking.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cigar Smoking" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cigar+Smoking%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cigarette Smoking" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cigarette+Smoking%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tobacco Smoking" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tobacco+Smoking%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tobacco Use Disorder" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tobacco+Use+Disorder%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Water Pipe Smoking" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Water+Pipe+Smoking%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/data-statistics/adult-data-cigarettes/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigarettes: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigs, Menthol, and Dip" url="https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/ecigs-menthol-dip" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.smokefree.gov/cigarrillos-electronicos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hookahs" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/other-tobacco-products/hookahs.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Smoking and Vaping Damage the Eyes?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/smokers" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/fumar">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Lungs Work" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/how-lungs-work">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Smoking Affects the Heart and Blood Vessels" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart/smoking" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/fumar-y-su-corazon">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Let's Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free: Your Guide to the 50th Anniversary Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health" url="https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/consequences-smoking-consumer-guide.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Light, Low, Mild or Similar Descriptors" url="https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/labeling-and-warning-statements-tobacco-products/light-low-mild-or-similar-descriptors">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Link Between Stress and Smoking" url="https://women.smokefree.gov/live-healthier/care-for-your-mind/stress-smoking">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lung Development May Explain Why Some Non-Smokers Get COPD and Some Heavy Smokers Do Not" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/lung-development-may-explain-why-some-non-smokers-get-copd-some-heavy-smokers-do-not">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menthol Tobacco Products" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/menthol-tobacco/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/es/menthol-tobacco/productos-de-tabaco-mentolados.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nicotine Dependence" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nicotine-dependence/symptoms-causes/syc-20351584?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/nicotine-dependence/symptoms-causes/syc-20351584?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tobacco+Smoking%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quiz: How Strong Is Your Nicotine Addiction?" url="https://smokefree.gov/challenges-when-quitting/withdrawal/nicotine-addiction-quiz">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Risks of tobacco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002032.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002032.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and asthma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000504.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Asthma (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking-asthma.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and COPD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000696.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/smoking-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stay Away from Tobacco" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tabaco.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stop Smoking Early to Improve Cancer Survival" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/07/stop-smoking-early-improve-cancer-survival" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/deje-de-fumar-a-tiempo-para-aumentar-la-probabilidad-de">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tobacco Addiction" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/tobacco-addiction/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/https-familydoctor-org-condition-tobacco-addiction-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tobacco, Nicotine, and E-Cigarettes Research Report" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/introduction" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/adiccion-al-tabaco/introduccion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/other-tobacco-products/low-yield-cigarettes.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's in a Cigarette?" url="https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/smoking-facts/whats-in-a-cigarette">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Tobacco Use" url="https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/smoking-facts/impact-of-tobacco-use/women-and-tobacco-use">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The younger you are when you start smoking, the more health problems it can cause. Know the risks of smoking cigarettes for people under age 21." title="Smoking and Youth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html" id="1536" language="English" date-created="08/24/2001">
<also-called>Teen smoking</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Smoking cigarettes has many health risks for everyone. However, the younger you are when you start smoking, the more problems it can cause. People who start smoking before the age of 21 have the hardest time quitting. Teens who smoke are also more likely to use alcohol and illegal drugs.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The problem is not just cigarettes.  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;Spit tobacco&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html"&gt;e-cigarettes&lt;/a&gt;, and cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes. Low-tar and additive-free tobacco products are not safe either.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Young people who do not start using tobacco by age 18 will most likely never start.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html" id="2157" language="Spanish">Fumar y los jóvenes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012907">Smoking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.drugabuse.gov/">National Institute on Drug Abuse</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html" id="6290">E-Cigarettes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html" id="1359">Quitting Smoking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html" id="1474">Smokeless Tobacco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html" id="108">Smoking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Teen Smoking</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cigarette Smoking" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/cigarette-smoking/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/informacion-acerca-del-tabaquismo/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Smoking and Youth" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=smoking&amp;aggFilters=ages:child,status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="E-Cigarettes: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hookah: What's Old Is New - And Unsafe" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/tobacco/Pages/Hookah.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/tobacco/paginas/hookah.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Lungs Work" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/how-lungs-work">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Smoking (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Know More about Menthol Cigarettes" url="https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/ecigs-menthol-dip/menthol">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Know the Risks" url="https://teen.smokefree.gov/the-risks-of-tobacco/know-the-risks">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Menthol Tobacco Products" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/menthol-tobacco/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/es/menthol-tobacco/productos-de-tabaco-mentolados.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Drug Abuse" url="https://nida.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Path to Smoking Addiction Starts at Very Young Ages" url="https://assets.tobaccofreekids.org/factsheets/0127.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Youth" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Smoking%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Smoking%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Smoking (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/smoking.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Asthma (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smoking-asthma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Asthma (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smoking-asthma.html" language-mapped-url="http://kidshealth.org:80/teen/en_espanol/enfermedades/smoking_asthma_esp.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking Stinks! (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/smoking.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking to your child about smoking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000873.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Real Cost: Know the Real Cost of Tobacco" url="https://therealcost.betobaccofree.hhs.gov/?g=t">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tobacco Harm to Kids" url="https://assets.tobaccofreekids.org/factsheets/0077.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Kids Start Smoking" url="https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/helping-teens-quit/why-kids-start-smoking">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth and Tobacco Use" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/data-statistics/youth-data-tobacco/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Snoring is the sound you make when your breathing is blocked while you are asleep. Learn common causes. Find treatments available to reduce snoring." title="Snoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/snoring.html" id="1531" language="English" date-created="08/24/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Snoring is the sound you make when your breathing is blocked while you are asleep.  The sound is caused by tissues at the top of your airway that strike each other and vibrate. Snoring is common, especially among older people and people who are overweight.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When severe, snoring can cause frequent awakenings at night and daytime sleepiness. It can disrupt your bed partner's sleep. Snoring can also be a sign of a serious sleep disorder called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;.  You should see your health care provider if you are often tired during the day, don't feel that you sleep well, or wake up gasping.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To reduce snoring:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lose weight if you are overweight. It may help, but thin people can snore, too.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cut down or avoid alcohol and other sedatives at bedtime&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't sleep flat on your back&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Aging&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html" id="2159" language="Spanish">Roncar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012913">Snoring</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html" id="2784">Sleep Apnea</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html" id="408">Sleep Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Sleep Apnea Association" url="https://www.sleepapnea.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Sleep Apnea Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Snoring" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Snoring%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Sleep Center" url="https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-center/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Appliances Therapy" url="https://aadsm.org/oral_appliance_therapy.php">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snoring" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Snoring%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sleep Study" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Snoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000119.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Snoring" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/snoring/symptoms-causes/syc-20377694?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/snoring/symptoms-causes/syc-20377694?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snoring -- adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000720.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000720.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snoring and Sleep Apnea" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/snoring-sleeping-disorders-and-sleep-apnea/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snoring and Snore-Reducing Devices" url="https://aadsm.org/snoring_and_snore-reducing_dev.php">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Adults with Snoring" url="https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/treatment-options-for-adults-with-snoring/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007663.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007663.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una sobredosis de opioides provoca una disminución o interrupción de la respiración y, en ocasiones, la muerte. Usted puede tomar medidas para ayudar a prevenir una sobredosis y responder a una con naloxona." title="Sobredosis de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html" id="7110" language="Spanish" date-created="08/28/2018">
<also-called>Sobredosis de opiáceos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos, son un tipo de medicamento. Incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; fuertes recetados como la oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. También es un opioide la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html"&gt;heroína&lt;/a&gt;, una droga ilegal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud puede recetarle un opioide para su dolor tras sufrir una lesión importante o después de una cirugía. También puede recetarlos si tiene dolor severo por enfermedades como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores de atención médica los recetan para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En general, los opioides recetados para aliviar el dolor son seguros cuando se toman por un tiempo corto y según lo indicado por su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, quienes los toman están en riesgo de trastorno por consumo de opioides y una sobredosis. Estos riesgos aumentan cuando hay un uso indebido de opioides. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;uso indebido&lt;/a&gt; puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es una sobredosis de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los opioides afectan la parte del cerebro que controla la respiración. Tomar altas dosis de opioides puede llevar a una sobredosis y a una desaceleración o interrupción de la respiración, lo que puede provocar la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa una sobredosis de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una sobredosis de opioides puede ocurrir por varias razones, incluyendo si usted:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toma un opioide para drogarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toma una dosis adicional de un opioide recetado o con demasiada frecuencia (ya sea en forma accidental o a propósito)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mezcla un opioide con otros medicamentos, drogas ilegales o alcohol. Una sobredosis puede ser fatal al mezclar un opioide y ciertos medicamentos para el tratamiento de la ansiedad, como el Xanax o Valium&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma un opioide que le recetaron a otra persona. Los niños están en mayor riesgo de una sobredosis accidental si toman estos medicamentos por error&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También existe el riesgo de sobredosis si está recibiendo medicamentos para el trastorno por uso de opioides, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html"&gt;tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de opioides&lt;/a&gt;. Muchos de los medicamentos que se usan para este tratamiento también son sustancias controladas que se pueden abusar.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de una sobredosis de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona que toma un opioide puede estar en riesgo de una sobredosis, pero el riesgo es mayor si:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toma opioides ilegales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Toma más medicamento opioide del que le recetaron&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Combina los opioides con otros medicamentos y/o con alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene ciertas afecciones médicas, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt; o insuficiencia &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;renal&lt;/a&gt; o hepática&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene más de 65 años de edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los signos de una sobredosis de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los signos de una sobredosis de opioides incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Pupilas de los ojos muy pequeñas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quedarse dormido o perder el conocimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Respiración lenta y superficial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sonidos de asfixia o gorgoteo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vómitos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuerpo flácido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel pálida, azulada o fría&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Latidos cardíacos débiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Labios y uñas morados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo hacer si creo que alguien está teniendo una sobredosis de opiáceos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si cree que alguien está teniendo una sobredosis de opiáceos:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Llame al 911 de inmediato&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Administre a la persona naloxona, si está disponible. La naloxona es un medicamento seguro que puede detener rápidamente una sobredosis de opioides. Hay dos tipos disponibles. Uno es un aerosol nasal que se rocía en la nariz. El otro tipo se inyecta en el músculo debajo de la piel o en las venas. La naloxona actúa bloqueando los efectos de los opioides en el cuerpo. Es importante leer las instrucciones del producto y verificar la fecha de vencimiento antes de aplicarlo a una persona&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Trate de mantener a la persona despierta y respirando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Acueste a la persona de lado para evitar que se asfixie&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Quédese con la persona hasta que llegue el servicio de emergencias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La naloxona no dañará a una persona si tiene una sobredosis de drogas que no sean opioides, por lo que se recomienda usarla si piensa que alguien tiene una sobredosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se puede prevenir una sobredosis de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está tomando analgésicos opioides, hay &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html"&gt;pasos que puede seguir&lt;/a&gt; para ayudar a prevenir una sobredosis de opioides:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tome su medicamento exactamente según lo indicado por su proveedor de atención médica. No tome más de la dosis recomendada a la vez ni los tome con mayor frecuencia de lo que se supone&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nunca mezcle medicamentos para el dolor con alcohol, pastillas para dormir o drogas ilegales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Guarde sus medicinas en forma segura y fuera del alcance de niños o mascotas. Considere usar una caja de seguridad de medicamentos. Además de mantener seguros a los niños, evite que alguien que viva con usted o alguna visita tenga acceso a sus medicinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deseche de inmediato el medicamento que no haya usado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También es importante enseñar a su familia y amigos cómo responder a una sobredosis. Si tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis, obtenga naloxona y llévela consigo dondequiera que vaya. Puede comprar naloxona en una farmacia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html" id="7109" language="English">Opioid Overdose</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6432">Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7130">Tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="2278">Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html" id="7128">Uso seguro de opioides</related-topic>
<see-reference>Opioides, Sobredosis</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo la naloxona salva vidas por sobredosis de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo revierte la naloxona el efecto de las sobredosis de opioides (y por qué es importante tenerla a la mano)" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-revierte-la-naloxona-el-efecto-de-las-sobredosis-de-opioides-y-por-que-es-importante-tenerla-a-la-mano" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-naloxone-reverses-opioid-overdoses-and-why-its-important-to-have-on-hand">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo usar naloxona nasal para sobredosis de opioides (instrucciones paso a paso)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/0163.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epidemia de opioides: Cómo proteger a su familia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Paginas/the-opioid-epidemic.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/pages/the-opioid-epidemic.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por opiáceos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000948.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000948.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para la sobredosis, la abstinencia y la adicción a los opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/trends-statistics/infographics/medications-opioid-overdose-withdrawal-addiction" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids/medications-opioid-overdose-withdrawal-addiction-infographic">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Naloxona" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/naloxona" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/naloxone">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/los-opioides" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/opioids">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Opiáceos y abstinencia de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000949.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000949.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de una sobredosis de opioides: Conozca los signos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ore/pdf/cdc_dop_hcp_preventing-opioid-overdose-tip-card_spanish_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de codeína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002613.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de heroína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002861.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de hidrocodona y acetaminofeno (paracetamol)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002670.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002670.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de hidromorfona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002633.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002633.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de metadona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002679.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de morfina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002502.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002502.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de opioides" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de oxicodona e hidrocodona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007285.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de paracetamol y codeína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002562.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002562.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tener Naloxona a la mano puede salvar una vida durante una sobredosis de opioides" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tener-naloxona-la-mano-puede-salvar-una-vida-durante-una-sobredosis-de-opioides" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/access-naloxone-can-save-life-during-opioid-overdose">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso de naloxona para la sobredosis de opioides: Qué deben saber los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/paginas/what-parents-need-to-know-about-naloxone-for-opioid-overdose.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Pages/what-parents-need-to-know-about-naloxone-for-opioid-overdose.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sufrir una enfermedad crónica puede causar estrés, ansiedad y mal humor. Es importante buscar ayuda y manejar la enfermedad. Entérese aquí." title="Sobrellevando una enfermedad crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithchronicillness.html" id="4209" language="Spanish" date-created="10/21/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tener una enfermedad a largo plazo, o crónica, puede afectar su vida de muchas maneras. Puede sentirse frecuentemente cansado y con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor&lt;/a&gt;. La enfermedad puede alterar su apariencia o sus capacidades físicas, así como su independencia. Es posible que no pueda trabajar, lo que puede ocasionarle problemas financieros. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para los niños, las enfermedades crónicas pueden ser atemorizantes, ya que a veces no entienden por qué les ocurre a ellos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos cambios pueden causar estrés, ansiedad y enojo. Si así le sucede, es importante buscar ayuda. Un consejero capacitado puede ayudarlo a desarrollar estrategias para recuperar la sensación de control. Los grupos de apoyo también pueden serle de ayuda. Descubrirá que no está solo y podrá enterarse de nuevos consejos para aprender a lidiar con la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda manejar mejor su enfermedad si aprende más al respecto. Es importante &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html"&gt;evaluar la información&lt;/a&gt; que encuentre para asegurarse de que es confiable. También es importante &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html"&gt;encontrar un proveedor de atención médica&lt;/a&gt; que pueda confiar.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithchronicillness.html" id="4208" language="English">Coping with Chronic Illness</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerlivingwithcancer.html" id="2245">Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html" id="5996">Dolor crónico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729">Viviendo con VIH</related-topic>
<see-reference>Crónica, Sobrellevando una enfermedad</see-reference>
<site title="Anemia por enfermedad crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000565.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autogestión: Tomando control de su salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/manejo-personal-de-su-salud-usted-esta-a-cargo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/self-management-taking-charge-of-your-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comunicarse con los demás al vivir con una enfermedad crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000602.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a un amigo o ser querido que tiene una enfermedad crónica" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/cronico" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/help?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades crónicas" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/cronicas?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/chronic-illness/coping-diagnosis?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades crónicas en tiempos de incertidumbre: Prepárese y planifique con anticipación" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-enfermedades-cronicas-en-tiempos-de-incertidumbre" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/chronic-disease-uncertain-times">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades crónicas y la salud mental: Cómo reconocer y tratar la depresión" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/las-enfermedades-cronicas-y-la-salud-mental-como-reconocer-y-tratar-la-depresion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/chronic-illness-mental-health">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejo de los sentimientos al vivir con una enfermedad crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000601.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niño con una enfermedad de larga duración (crónica)" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/El-Nino-con-una-Enfermedad-de-Larga-Duracion-Cronica-019.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/The_Child_With_A_Long_Term_Illness_19.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mayoría de las personas consume más sal en su dieta de lo que necesita. Una clave es escoger alimentos con bajo contenido de sodio. Entérese aquí." title="Sodio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html" id="3667" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2004">
<also-called>Sal en la dieta</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La sal de mesa está hecha de dos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt;, sodio y cloruro. El cuerpo necesita una determinada cantidad de sodio para funcionar adecuadamente, pues ayuda en la función de los nervios y los músculos. El sodio también ayuda a mantener un  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;equilibrio adecuado de los líquidos&lt;/a&gt;. Los riñones controlan la cantidad de sodio presente en el cuerpo; si tiene demasiado y los riñones no pueden eliminarlo, se acumula en la sangre. Eso puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;. A su vez, la presión alta puede ocasionar otros problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas en los Estados Unidos consume más sodio en su dieta de lo que necesita. Una clave para alimentarse sanamente es escoger alimentos con bajo contenido de sodio. Los directrices dietéticas recomiendan comer menos de 2.3 gramos por día. Eso equivale a una cucharadita de sal de mesa al día, aproximadamente. Algunas personas son más sensibles a los efectos de la sal que otras y deben comer menos. Estas incluyen a quienes tienen presión arterial alta, diabetes o problemas renales, o son afroamericanos o mayores de 50 años. Leer las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html"&gt;etiquetas de los alimentos&lt;/a&gt;  puede ayudarlo a saber la cantidad de sodio en los alimentos preparados.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html" id="3666" language="English">Sodium</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html" id="1955">Presión arterial alta</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sal en la dieta</see-reference>
<site title="Consejos para reducir el consumo de sal" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/consejos-para-reducir-el-consumo-de-sal/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cocinar sin sal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000760.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en sal" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/dieta-baja-en-sal/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta con bajo contenido de sal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sodio en la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sodio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003481.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003481.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiponatremia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373711?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373711?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel bajo de sodio en la sangre en adultos mayores: ¿Es un problema?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/expert-answers/low-blood-sodium/faq-20058465?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/expert-answers/low-blood-sodium/FAQ-20058465?p=1">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel bajo de sodio en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000394.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sodio en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sodio-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sodium-blood-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sodio en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002415.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodio en su dieta: Use la etiqueta de información nutricional y reduzca su consumo" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/el-sodio-en-su-dieta">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodio: Cómo controlar la costumbre de agregar sal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/sodium/art-20045479?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/sodium/art-20045479?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Consume demasiada sal? Aquí tiene algunas formas de reducirla... gradualmente" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consume-demasiada-sal-aqui-tiene-algunas-formas-de-reducirla-gradualmente">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la sal marina y la sal de mesa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know that most Americans get more sodium than they need? Read about what you can do to manage your sodium intake" title="Sodium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html" id="3666" language="English" date-created="12/03/2003">
<also-called>Salt</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Table salt is a combination of two &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt; - sodium and chloride Your body needs some sodium to work properly. It helps with the function of nerves and muscles. It also helps to keep the right &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;balance of fluids&lt;/a&gt; in your body. Your kidneys control how much sodium is in your body. If you have too much and your kidneys can't get rid it, sodium builds up in your blood. This can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;. High blood pressure can lead to other health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people in the U.S. get more sodium in their diets than they need. A key to healthy eating is choosing foods low in sodium. The Dietary Guidelines recommend that most adults eat less than 2.3 grams per day. That equals about 1 teaspoon of table salt a day. Some people are more sensitive to the effects of salt than others and should eat less. This includes people who have high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney problems, or are African American or over age 50. Reading &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html"&gt;food labels&lt;/a&gt; can help you see how much sodium is in prepared foods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html" id="3667" language="Spanish">Sodio en la dieta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017673">Sodium Chloride, Dietary</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012982">Sodium, Dietary</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sodium.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html" id="4224">Fluid and Electrolyte Balance</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html" id="34">High Blood Pressure</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298">Minerals</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dietary Sodium</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyponatremia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salt</see-reference>
<site title="About Sodium and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/salt/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion" url="https://www.fns.usda.gov/cnpp">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Pontine Myelinolysis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/central-pontine-myelinolysis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dietary Sodium" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=sodium+AND+(diet+OR+dietary)&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyponatremia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyponatremia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cooking without salt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000760.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000760.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eating Too Much Salt? Ways to Cut Back Gradually" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/eating-too-much-salt-ways-cut-backgradually">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Out How Much Sodium You Really Need" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/sodium/art-20045479?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/sodium/art-20045479?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Low Sodium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/low-sodium/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyponatremia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373711?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373711?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low blood sodium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000394.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000394.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Blood Sodium in Older Adults: A Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/expert-answers/low-blood-sodium/FAQ-20058465?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/expert-answers/low-blood-sodium/faq-20058465?p=1">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low-salt diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000109.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potassium" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/potassium/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sodium%2C+Dietary%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Sodium+Chloride%2C+Dietary%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Salty Stuff: Salt, Blood Pressure, and Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/07/salty-stuff" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-alimentos-salados">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sea Salt vs. Table Salt: What's the Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/sea-salt/faq-20058512?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sodium-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sodio-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sodium blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003481.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003481.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002415.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium in Your Diet" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/sodium-your-diet">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Reduce Salt and Sodium" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/TipsToReduceSodium.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Soft tissue sarcoma refers to cancer that begins in the muscle, fat, vessels or tendons. It can cause a lump or swelling. See which treatments are available" title="Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="495" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your soft tissues connect, support, or surround other tissues. Examples include your muscles, tendons, fat, and blood vessels. Soft tissue sarcoma is a cancer of these soft tissues. There are many kinds, based on the type of tissue they started in. They may cause a lump or swelling in the soft tissue. Sometimes they spread and can press on nerves and organs, causing problems such as pain or trouble breathing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No one knows exactly what causes these cancers. They are not common, but you have a higher risk if you have been exposed to certain chemicals, have had radiation therapy, or have certain genetic diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose soft tissue sarcomas with a biopsy. Treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html" id="2160" language="Spanish">Sarcoma del tejido blando</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012509">Sarcoma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kaposisarcoma.html" id="481">Kaposi Sarcoma</related-topic>
<see-reference>Rhabdomyosarcoma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sarcoma, Soft Tissue</see-reference>
<site title="Adult soft tissue sarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007654.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Rhabdomyosarcoma Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/rhabdomyosarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Soft Tissue Sarcomas Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chemotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/treating/chemotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/tratamiento/quimioterapia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rhabdomyosarcoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rhabdomyosarcoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sarcoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sarcoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dermatofibrosarcoma-protuberans">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Rhabdomyosarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/rhabdomyosarcoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/soft-tissue-sarcoma">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ewing sarcoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ewing-sarcoma">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tejido-blando-adultos-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/rhabdomyosarcoma-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-rabdomiosarcoma-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/child-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tejido-blando-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Li-Fraumeni syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/li-fraumeni-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Soft Tissue Sarcoma Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/after-treatment/followup.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/despues-del-tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIH Scientists Map Genetic Changes That Drive Tumors in a Common Pediatric Soft-Tissue Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/press-releases/2014/rhabdomyosarcomagenemap">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Soft tissue sarcoma" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sarcoma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/treating/radiation-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/tratamiento/radioterapia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rhabdomyosarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001429.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001429.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20377725?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Agent Orange" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/agentorange/conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tejido-blando-adultos-pdq#_37">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/rhabdomyosarcoma-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-rabdomiosarcoma-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/child-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tejido-blando-infantil-pdq#_269">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Soft Tissue Sarcomas" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/treating/surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/tratamiento/cirugia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Survival Rates for Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/tasas-de-supervivencia.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Synovial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Rhabdomyosarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/rhabdomyosarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Soft Tissue Sarcomas" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="TP53 Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/child-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq#_155" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-tejido-blando-infantil-pdq#_291">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/rhabdomyosarcoma-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejido-blando/paciente/tratamiento-rabdomiosarcoma-pdq#_50">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/patient/child-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq#_41">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Soft Tissue Sarcomas?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Soft Tissue Sarcoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/about/soft-tissue-sarcoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos/acerca/sarcoma-de-tejidos-blandos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Rhabdomyosarcoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/rhabdomyosarcoma/about/what-is-rhabdomyosarcoma.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sore throat or pharyngitis has many causes including allergies, smoking, strep throat, and mononucleosis. Find treatments options depending on cause." title="Sore Throat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html" id="4748" language="English" date-created="07/23/2008">
<also-called>Pharyngitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx (also called the voice box). The technical name for the throat is pharynx.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can have a sore throat for many reasons.  Often, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;colds&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; cause sore throats.  Other causes can include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html"&gt;Allergies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html"&gt;Mononucleosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;Strep throat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html"&gt;Tonsillitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the cause.  Sucking on lozenges, drinking lots of liquids, and gargling may ease the pain.  Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help, but children should not take aspirin.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html" id="4749" language="Spanish">Dolor de garganta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010612">Pharyngitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sorethroat.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html" id="1660">Throat Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html" id="6440">Tonsillitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pharyngitis</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pharyngitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pharyngitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Difference between a Sore Throat, Strep, and Tonsillitis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Paginas/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Dryness or Thick Saliva" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharyngitis - sore throat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000655.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pharyngitis - viral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001392.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sore Throat" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pharyngitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sore Throat" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/sore-throat/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/dolor-de-garganta-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sore Throat Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sore-throat/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/sore-throat/es/about/informacion-basica-sobre-el-dolor-de-garganta.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sore Throat: Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351640?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351640?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sore Throat: Symptoms and Causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/symptoms-causes/syc-20351635?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/symptoms-causes/syc-20351635?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sore Throat: When to See a Doctor" url="https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/sore-throat/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sore Throats" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sore-throats/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sore, Scratchy Throat? Soothing Pain from Illness or Allergy" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/11/sore-scratchy-throat" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/dolor-y-picazon-en-la-garganta">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strep A Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-a-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-a/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Throat Problems (Symptom Checker)" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/throat-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-garganta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Throat swab culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003746.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do About a Sore Throat (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sore-throat-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sore-throat-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When a Sore Throat Is a More Serious Infection" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/pages/When-a-Sore-Thoat-is-a-More-Serious-Infection.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/when-a-sore-thoat-is-a-more-serious-infection.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Speech and communication disorders affect our ability to communicate. From saying sounds incorrectly to being unable to understand others talking." title="Speech and Communication Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<also-called>Communication disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Many disorders can affect our ability to speak and communicate. They range from saying sounds incorrectly to being completely unable to speak or understand speech.  Causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Hearing disorders and deafness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html"&gt;Voice problems&lt;/a&gt;, such as dysphonia or those caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html"&gt;cleft lip or palate&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speech problems like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stuttering.html"&gt;stuttering&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;Developmental disabilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;Learning disabilities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;Autism spectrum disorder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;Brain injury&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some speech and communication problems may be genetic. Often, no one knows the causes. By first grade, about 5% of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt; have noticeable speech disorders. Speech and language therapy can help. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161" language="Spanish">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003147">Communication Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013064">Speech Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aphasia.html" id="1212">Aphasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html" id="306">Learning Disabilities</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5959">Speech and Language Problems in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stuttering.html" id="3629">Stuttering</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html" id="1650">Voice Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Communication Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Language Problems</see-reference>
<site title="22q13.3 deletion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/22q133-deletion-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="47,XYY syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aphasia vs. Apraxia" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/communication-and-aphasia/stroke-and-aphasia/aphasia-vs-apraxia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apraxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007472.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007472.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Apraxia of Speech" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/apraxia-speech" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/apraxia-speech">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Assistive Devices for People with Hearing, Voice, Speech, or Language Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/assistive-devices-people-hearing-voice-speech-or-language-disorders">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Communication Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Communication+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Language Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Language+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Speech Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Speech+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communicating with someone with dysarthria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000033.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dysarthria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007470.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007470.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epilepsy-aphasia spectrum: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/epilepsy-aphasia-spectrum">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Phonological disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001541.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001541.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Communication Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Communication+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Speech+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="PURA syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pura-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quick Statistics about Voice, Speech, and Language" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-voice-speech-language">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Selective mutism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001546.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001546.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sound Check: Tracking Voice, Speech, and Breathing for Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/08/sound-check" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/prueba-de-sonido">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Language Impairments" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/speechlanguage/" language-mapped-url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/lenguaje/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Center for Parent Information and Resources</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech impairment in adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003204.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech Problems" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/speech-disorders.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech to Speech Relay Service" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/speech-speech-relay-service">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS)" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/telecommunications-relay-service-trs">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Federal Communications Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telecommunications Relay Services" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/telecomm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triple X syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/triple-x-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Voice, Speech, and Language" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice-speech-and-language">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It can be hard to know if your child's speech or language delay is a problem. Read about the types of problems and how they are diagnosed and treated." title="Speech and Language Problems in Children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5959" language="English" date-created="01/09/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Children vary in their development of speech and language skills. Health care professionals have lists of milestones for what's normal. These milestones help figure out whether a child is on track or if he or she may need extra help.  For example, a child usually has one or two words like "Hi," "dog," "Dada," or "Mama" by her first birthday.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a delay may be caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt;. Other times it may be due to a speech or language disorder. Children who have speech disorders may have trouble making speech sounds correctly. They may hesitate or stutter when talking. Children with language disorders might have trouble understanding what others say or difficulty sharing their thoughts.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have concerns about your child's speech or language development, talk to your child's health care provider. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5960" language="Spanish">Problemas del habla y del lenguaje en niños</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007806">Language Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html" id="3693">Hearing Problems in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409">Speech and Communication Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stuttering.html" id="3629">Stuttering</related-topic>
<see-reference>Language Problems</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Language Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Language+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delayed Speech or Language Development" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/not-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/not-talk.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Dyspraxia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/developmental-dyspraxia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/developmental-language-disorder" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/el-trastorno-especifico-del-lenguaje">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FOXP2-related speech and language disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/foxp2-related-speech-and-language-disorder">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Speech Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/speech-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/speech-therapist.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Language Delays in Toddlers: Information for Parents" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Language-Delay.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/toddler/Paginas/Language-Delay.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Language disorders in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001545.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001545.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="MED13L syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/med13l-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="New to Apraxia" url="https://www.apraxia-kids.org/new-to-apraxia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nicolaides-baraitser-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PACS1 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pacs1-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Language Problems in Children" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Language+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+child+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="SATB2-associated syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/satb2-associated-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/snijders-blok-campeau-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Language Delay" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/speech-and-language-delay/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/retraso-del-habla-y-del-lenguaje-en-ninos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Language Developmental Milestones" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/speech-and-language" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-del-habla-y-el-lenguaje">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Language Impairments" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/speechlanguage/" language-mapped-url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/lenguaje/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Center for Parent Information and Resources</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech disorders - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001430.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001430.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech-Language Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-therapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering and Speech Problems (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/stuttering.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue tie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001640.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue Tie (Ankyloglossia)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tongue-tie.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tongue-tie.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Spider bites generally garner a reaction similar to that of a bee sting, including redness, pain and swelling. Find tips on how to treat spider bites" title="Spider Bites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spiderbites.html" id="5249" language="English" date-created="07/27/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Though many people are afraid of spiders, they rarely bite people unless threatened.  Most spider bites are harmless.  Occasionally, spider bites can cause allergic reactions. And bites by the venomous black widow and brown recluse spiders can be very dangerous to people.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
If you are bitten by a spider, you may see a reaction similar to that of a bee sting, including redness, pain and swelling at the site. To treat a spider bite:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wash the area well with soap and water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apply an ice pack or a wet compress to the area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take over-the-counter pain medicine, if needed&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Consider using antihistamines for severe swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seek medical treatment for small children and adults with severe symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spiderbites.html" id="5250" language="Spanish">Picaduras de arañas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001098">Spider Bites</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spiderbites.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html" id="161">Animal Bites</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html" id="526">Insect Bites and Stings</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html" id="1645">Tick Bites</related-topic>
<see-reference>Black Widow Spider Bites</see-reference>
<see-reference>Brown Recluse Spider Bites</see-reference>
<site title="Black widow spider" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002858.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002858.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black Widow Spider" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/black_widow_spider.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brown recluse spider" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002859.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brown Recluse Spider" url="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/brown_recluse_spider.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spiders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spiders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Funnel-web spider bite" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002844.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002844.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Black Widow Spider Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/black-widow.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/black-widow.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Brown Recluse Spider Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/brown-recluse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/brown-recluse.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Chigger Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chigger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chigger.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spider Bites" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Spider+Bites%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spider Bites" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spider-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352371?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spider-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352371?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spider Bites (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spider-bites-sheet.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spider Bites: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-spider-bites/basics/ART-20056618?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-spider-bites/basics/art-20056618?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarantula spider bite" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002855.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venomous Spiders at Work" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/outdoor-workers/about/venomous-spiders.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Spina bifida is a type of birth defect of an unborn baby's brain, spine, or spinal cord. Screening tests during pregnancy can detect." title="Spina Bifida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html" id="1319" language="English" date-created="07/11/2000">
<also-called>Cleft spine</also-called>
<also-called>Open spine</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Spina bifida is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;neural tube defect&lt;/a&gt; - a type of birth defect of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. It happens if the spinal column of the fetus doesn't close completely during the first month of pregnancy. This can damage the nerves and spinal cord. Screening tests during pregnancy can check for spina bifida. Sometimes it is discovered only after the baby is born.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of spina bifida vary from person to person. Most people with spina bifida are of normal intelligence. Some people need assistive devices such as braces, crutches, or wheelchairs. They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html"&gt;hydrocephalus&lt;/a&gt;, a buildup of fluid in the brain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The exact cause of spina bifida is unknown. It seems to run in families. Taking &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;folic acid&lt;/a&gt; can reduce the risk of having a baby with spina bifida. It's in most multivitamins. Women who could become pregnant should take it daily.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html" id="2162" language="Spanish">Espina bífida</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016135">Spinal Dysraphism</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html" id="6164">Chiari Malformation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html" id="340">Neural Tube Defects</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cleft Spine</see-reference>
<see-reference>Myelomeningocele</see-reference>
<see-reference>Open Spine</see-reference>
<site title="Alpha fetoprotein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Are There Disorders or Conditions Associated with Spina Bifida?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinabifida/conditioninfo/disorders-conditions" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinabifida/informacion/asociados">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Meningomyelocele" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Meningomyelocele%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Dysraphism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Dysraphism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Spina Bifida" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spina-bifida/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Folic Acid: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetics and Spina Bifida" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/genetics-spina-bifida/" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Genetica.pdf">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Spina Bifida?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinabifida/conditioninfo/diagnose" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinabifida/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocephalus and Shunts" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/hydrocephalus-and-shunts/" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Hydrocefalia-y-Derivaciones.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning Among Children with Spina Bifida" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/learning/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with Spina Bifida" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spina-bifida/living-with/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/spinabifida/living.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manage Spina Bifida" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spina-bifida/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/spinabifida/treatment.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Men's Health: Urologic and Sexual Function" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/MENS-HEALTH-Updated.pdf">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningocele repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003020.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningocele repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100128_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100128_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelomeningocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001558.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelomeningocele (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/myelomeningocele.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/myelomeningocele.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Precocious Puberty" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/puberty/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spina Bifida" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Spinal+Dysraphism%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spina Bifida" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spina-bifida">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spina Bifida" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/spina-bifida">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spina Bifida Occulta" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/occulta/" language-mapped-url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/SB-Latino-2015-Espina-Bifida-Oculta.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Spina Bifida Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spina bifida: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spina-bifida">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tethered-spinal-cord-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Spina Bifida and Related Conditions?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinabifida/conditioninfo/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinabifida/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Read about diseases of the spinal cord, the bundle of nerves running down the middle of your back. It carries signals between the brain and the body." title="Spinal Cord Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcorddiseases.html" id="410" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It carries signals back and forth between your body and your brain. It is protected by your vertebrae, which are the bone disks that make up your spine. If you have an accident that damages the vertebrae or other parts of the spine, this can also &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;injure&lt;/a&gt; the spinal cord. Other spinal cord problems include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Tumors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html"&gt;polio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Inflammatory diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Autoimmune diseases &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Degenerative diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html"&gt;amyotrophic lateral sclerosis&lt;/a&gt;  and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html"&gt;spinal muscular atrophy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms vary but might include pain, numbness, loss of sensation and muscle weakness. These symptoms can occur around the spinal cord, and also in other areas such as your arms and legs. Treatments often include medicines and surgery. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcorddiseases.html" id="2163" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la médula espinal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013118">Spinal Cord Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcorddiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html" id="135">Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html" id="1319">Spina Bifida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="411">Spinal Cord Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="1694">Spinal Muscular Atrophy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html" id="412">Spinal Stenosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/syringomyelia.html" id="1525">Syringomyelia</related-topic>
<site title="Advances in Brain and Spinal Cord Tumor Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anatomy of the Spine" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Resources/Anatomy-Spine">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/tumores-del-cerebro-y-de-la-medula-espinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol/cancer/tumoresdeencefalo/guiadetallada/index?">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brown-Sequard Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brown-sequard-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caudal regression syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/caudal-regression-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Central Nervous System: The Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Pain Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/central-pain-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-germ-cell-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-snc-infantil-pdq#_152">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Cord Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Cord+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CSF leak" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definitions A-Z" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Resources/Definitions">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dressing with Ease, Style, and Comfort" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/fyi-dressing-ease-style-and-comfort">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001416.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001416.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydromyelia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/hydromyelia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/tumores-de-encefalo-o-de-medula-espinal/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar and Cervical Discography" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Assessment-Tools/Discography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myelography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurological Exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Spinal Cord Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/overview-of-spinal-cord-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Spinal+Cord+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-children/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Specialized Nerve Tests: EMG, NCV and SSEP" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Assessment-Tools/Specialized-Nerve-Tests">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal cord abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001405.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Tumor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Infections" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Infections-Tumors/Spinal-Infections">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001403.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stiff-Person Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/stiff-person-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Subacute combined degeneration" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000723.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabes Dorsalis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tabes-dorsalis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tabes dorsalis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000729.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarlov Cysts" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tarlov-cysts">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tethered-spinal-cord-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transverse Myelitis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Spinal cord injuries disrupt signals between your brain and body. This can cause problems like weakness and paralysis. Read about treatment and rehab." title="Spinal Cord Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="411" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It carries signals back and forth between your body and your brain. A spinal cord injury disrupts the signals. Spinal cord injuries usually begin with a blow that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (breaks) or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;dislocates&lt;/a&gt; your vertebrae, the bone disks that make up your spine. Most injuries don't cut through your spinal cord. Instead, they cause damage when pieces of vertebrae tear into cord tissue or press down on the nerve parts that carry signals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spinal cord injuries can be complete or incomplete. With a complete spinal cord injury, the cord can't send signals below the level of the injury. As a result, you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html"&gt;paralyzed&lt;/a&gt; below the injury. With an incomplete injury, you have some movement and sensation below the injury.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A spinal cord injury is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can reduce long-term effects. Treatments may include medicines, braces or traction to stabilize the spine, and surgery. Later treatment usually includes medicines and rehabilitation therapy. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html"&gt;Mobility aids&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html"&gt;assistive devices&lt;/a&gt; may help you to get around and do some daily tasks.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="2164" language="Spanish">Traumatismo de la médula espinal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013119">Spinal Cord Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html" id="611">Paralysis</related-topic>
<site title="About Spinal Cord Injury" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinalinjury/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autonomic dysreflexia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001431.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bladder Management" url="https://sci.washington.edu/info/pamphlets/bladder.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: The Life and Death of a Neuron" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-life-and-death-neuron">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Central Cord Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/central-cord-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Central Nervous System: The Brain and Spinal Cord" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Central Pain Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/central-pain-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Cord Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Cord+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CSF leak" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Daily bowel care program" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression and Spinal Cord Injury" url="https://sci.washington.edu/info/pamphlets/depression_sci.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dressing with Ease, Style, and Comfort" url="https://www.als.org/navigating-als/resources/fyi-dressing-ease-style-and-comfort">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>ALS Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="FAQs about Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)" url="https://www.uab.edu/medicine/sci/faqs-about-spinal-cord-injury-sci">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>University of Alabama at Birmingham</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Is Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinalinjury/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indwelling catheter care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Spinal Cord Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/overview-of-spinal-cord-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Bedsores (Pressure Ulcers)" url="https://facingdisability.com/expert-topics/preventing-pressure-sores">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Spinal+Cord+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - female" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Infarction" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-cord-infarction">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Injuries (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spinal-cord-injuries.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Injury" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-cord-injury">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Injury" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/disability/types/spinal.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal cord injury - Symptoms and causes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20377890?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20377890?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Injury Basics" url="https://facingdisability.com/expert-topics/spinal-cord-injury-101">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Basics" url="https://facingdisability.com/expert-topics/the-basics-of-sci-rehabilitation">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal cord stimulation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007560.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal cord trauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001066.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000029.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Injury:  First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-spinal-injury/basics/ART-20056677?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-spinal-injury/basics/art-20056677?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suprapubic catheter care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Pressure Sores" url="https://sci.washington.edu/info/pamphlets/pressure_sores.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Bowels -- The Basics" url="https://sci.washington.edu/info/pamphlets/bowels_1.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic spine CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007442.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance" url="https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/public/Facts%20and%20Figures%202024%20-%20Final.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>University of Alabama at Birmingham</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary catheters" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine drainage bags" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinalinjury/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) attacks nerve cells in the spinal cord, weakening voluntary muscles. Read about the genetics, types, and what may help. " title="Spinal Muscular Atrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="1694" language="English" date-created="06/27/2002">
<also-called>SMA</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic diseases&lt;/a&gt; that damages and kills motor neurons. Motor neurons are a type of nerve cell in the spinal cord and lower part of the brain. They control movement in your arms, legs, face, chest, throat, and tongue.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;As the motor neurons die off, your muscles start to weaken and atrophy (waste away). The muscle damage gets worse over time and can affect speaking, walking, swallowing, and breathing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and what are their symptoms?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of SMA. They are based on how serious the disease is and when the symptoms start:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Type l&lt;/strong&gt; is also called Werdnig-Hoffman disease or infantile-onset SMA. It is the most severe type. It is also the most common. Babies with this type usually show signs of the disease before 6 months of age. In more severe cases, the signs show up even before or just after birth (Types 0 or 1A). The babies may have trouble &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;breathing&lt;/a&gt; and may not move around a lot. They have chronic shortening of muscles or tendons (called contractures). They usually cannot sit up without help. Without treatment, many children with this type will die before 2 years of age.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Type ll&lt;/strong&gt; is a moderate to severe type of SMA. It usually first noticed between 6 and 18 months of age. Most children with this type can sit without support but cannot stand or walk without help. They may also have trouble breathing. They can usually live into adolescence or young adulthood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Type lll&lt;/strong&gt; is also called Kugelberg-Welander disease. It is the mildest type that affects children. The signs of the disease usually show up after age 18 months. Children with this type can walk by themselves but may have trouble running, getting up from a chair, or climbing stairs. They may also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html"&gt;scoliosis&lt;/a&gt; (curvature of the spine), contractures, and respiratory infections. With treatment, most children with this type will have a normal lifespan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Type IV&lt;/strong&gt; is rare and often mild. It usually causes symptoms after 21 years of age. The symptoms include mild to moderate leg muscle weakness, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html"&gt;tremors&lt;/a&gt;, and mild breathing problems. The symptoms slowly get worse over time. People with this type of SMA have a normal lifespan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most types of SMA are caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy/#causes"&gt;change in the SMN1 gene&lt;/a&gt;. This gene is responsible for making a protein that the motor neurons need to be healthy and to function. But when part of the SMN1 gene is missing or abnormal, there isn't enough protein for the motor neurons. This causes the motor neurons to die off.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people have two copies of the SM1 gene - one from each parent. SMA normally only happens when both copies have the gene change. If only one copy has the change, there usually aren't any symptoms. But that gene could be passed down from parent to child.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the less common types of SMA may be caused by changes in other genes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose SMA:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, including asking about family history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;Genetic testing&lt;/a&gt; to check for the gene changes that cause SMA&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/"&gt;Electromyography and nerve conduction studies&lt;/a&gt; and a muscle &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt; may be done, especially if no gene changes were found&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Parents who have a family history of SMA may want to do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prenatal test&lt;/a&gt; to check to see whether their baby has an SMN1 gene change. An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amniocentesis-amniotic-fluid-test/"&gt;amniocentesis&lt;/a&gt; or in some cases a chorionic villi sampling (CVS) is used to get the sample for testing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In some states, genetic testing for SMA is part of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html"&gt;newborn screening tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for SMA. Treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines to help the body make more of the proteins that the motor neurons need&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gene therapy for children under 2 years of age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical, occupational, and rehabilitation therapy to help to improve posture and the mobility of the joints. These therapies may also improve blood flow and slow muscle weakness and atrophy. Some people may also need therapy for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;trouble speaking&lt;/a&gt;, chewing, and swallowing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html"&gt;Assistive devices&lt;/a&gt; such as supports or braces, orthotics, speech synthesizers, and wheelchairs to help people stay more independent&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Good nutrition and a balanced diet to help maintain weight and strength. Some people might need a feeding tube in order to get the nutrition they need.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breathing support for people who have muscle weakness in the neck, throat, and chest. The support may include devices to help with breathing during the day and to prevent sleep apnea at night. Some people might need to be on a ventilator.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html" id="2274" language="Spanish">Atrofia muscular espinal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009134">Muscular Atrophy, Spinal</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html" id="335">Muscular Dystrophy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="1518">Neuromuscular Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>SMA</see-reference>
<site title="About Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://smafoundation.org/about-sma/faq/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Muscular Atrophy, Spinal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Muscular+Atrophy,+Spinal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Describing SMA" url="https://www.curesma.org/describing-sma/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetics" url="https://www.curesma.org/genetics/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about Spinal Muscular Atrophy" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medical Issues: Breathing Risks and Care" url="https://www.curesma.org/breathing/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Issues: Musculoskeletal" url="https://www.curesma.org/musculoskeletal/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Issues: Nutrition" url="https://www.curesma.org/nutrition/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Newborn Screening for SMA" url="https://www.curesma.org/newborn-screening-for-sma/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Muscular Atrophy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Muscular+Atrophy%2C+Spinal%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="SMA: Infants and Children" url="https://www.curesma.org/infants-and-children/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="SMA: Testing &amp; Diagnosis" url="https://www.curesma.org/testing-diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="SMArt Moves: Early Action" url="https://smartmoves.curesma.org/early-action/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
</site>
<site title="SMArt Moves: Early Treatment" url="https://smartmoves.curesma.org/early-treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Cure SMA</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-and-bulbar-muscular-atrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Muscular Atrophy" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-muscular-atrophy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/atrofia-muscular-espinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal muscular atrophy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000996.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000996.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sma.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)" url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/2020/11/MDA_SMA_Fact_Sheet_Nov_2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mda.org/sites/default/files/publications/Facts_SMA_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Muscular Dystrophy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy-with-lower-extremity-predominance">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy-with-progressive-myoclonic-epilepsy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spinal muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Kennedy's Disease: Symptoms" url="https://kennedysdisease.org/what-is-kd/symptoms.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Kennedy's Disease Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-linked infantile spinal muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-infantile-spinal-muscular-atrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Spinal stenosis causes narrowing in your spine which puts pressure on your nerves and spinal chord. It can cause pain, numbness, and foot problems." title="Spinal Stenosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html" id="412" language="English" date-created="10/28/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your spine, or backbone, protects your spinal cord and allows you to stand and bend. Spinal stenosis causes narrowing in your spine. The narrowing puts pressure on your nerves and spinal cord and can cause pain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spinal stenosis occurs mostly in people older than 50. Younger people with a spine injury or a narrow spinal canal are also at risk. Diseases such as arthritis and scoliosis can cause spinal stenosis, too. Symptoms might appear gradually or not at all. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in your neck or back&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness, weakness, cramping, or pain in your arms or legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain going down the leg&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foot problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose spinal stenosis with a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatments include medications, physical therapy, braces, and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html" id="2166" language="Spanish">Estenosis espinal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013130">Spinal Stenosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157">Back Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1505">Spine Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Anatomy of the Spine" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Resources/Anatomy-Spine">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis Foundation: Local Office Directory" url="https://www.arthritis.org/local-offices/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Arthritis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Surgery: When Is It a Good Idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Cauda Equina Syndrome" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/cauda-equina-syndrome">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Laminoplasty" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Surgical-Options/Cervical-Laminoplasty">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Stenosis, Myelopathy and Radiculopathy" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Degenerative-Conditions/Cervical-Stenosis-Myelopathy-and-Radiculopathy">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Stenosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Stenosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions A-Z" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Resources/Definitions">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural Injections" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Therapist Near You" url="https://www.choosept.com/find-a-pt">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Physical Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foraminotomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007390.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laminectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/laminectomy/about/pac-20394533?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/lumbar-spinal-canal-stenosis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/estenosis-del-canal-espinal-lumbar-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar spinal surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100119_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100119_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Lumbar Spine CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007350.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Myelography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spinal Stenosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Spinal+Stenosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Questions to ask your surgeon about spinal surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000971.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000971.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Spinal fusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Spinal fusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Spinal stenosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000441.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Stenosis" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/spinal-stenosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/estenosis-espinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Spinal Stenosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352961?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352961?p=1">
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<site title="Spinal Stenosis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/spinal-stenosis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/estenosis-espinal">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
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<site title="Spinal surgery - cervical - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100133_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100133_1.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Spine CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Spine surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<health-topic meta-desc="Spine injuries and spine disorders such as infection, scoliosis, and herniated disk can cause pain and other issues. Read about problems of the spine." title="Spine Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1505" language="English" date-created="06/28/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your backbone, or spine, is made up of 26 bone discs called vertebrae. The vertebrae protect your spinal cord and allow you to stand and bend.  A number of problems can change the structure of the spine or damage the vertebrae and surrounding tissue. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Tumors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html"&gt;ankylosing spondylitis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html"&gt;scoliosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone changes that come with age, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html"&gt;spinal stenosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html"&gt;herniated disks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spinal diseases often cause pain when bone changes put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. They can also limit movement. Treatments differ by disease, but sometimes they include back braces and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2165" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016103">Spinal Fractures</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013124">Spinal Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013122">Spinal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html" id="143">Ankylosing Spondylitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html" id="157">Back Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html" id="284">Herniated Disk</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/neckinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="339">Neck Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html" id="395">Scoliosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html" id="412">Spinal Stenosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tailbonedisorders.html" id="1448">Tailbone Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Compression Fracture</see-reference>
<see-reference>Kyphosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Spondylolisthesis</see-reference>
<site title="About Neurointerventions" url="https://www.snisonline.org/about/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR)" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Surgical-Options/Artificial-Disc-Replacement">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back Surgery: When Is It a Good Idea?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/in-depth/back-surgery/art-20048274?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chiropractic: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiropractic.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fractures, Compression" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fractures,+Compression%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Kyphosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Kyphosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Fractures" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Fractures%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spinal Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spinal+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Spondylolisthesis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Spondylolisthesis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Compression fractures of the back" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000443.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definitions A-Z" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Resources/Definitions">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degenerative Changes in the Spine: Is This Arthritis?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/FAQ-20058457?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/expert-answers/arthritis/faq-20058457?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Epidural Injections" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/epidural" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/epidural">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Therapist Near You" url="https://www.choosept.com/find-a-pt">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Physical Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foraminotomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007390.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fractures-of-the-thoracic-and-lumbar-spine/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting It Straight: Improve Your Posture for Better Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/08/getting-it-straight" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sentarse-derecho">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Halo brace" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000799.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halo Brace (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-brace.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-brace.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Halo-Gravity Traction" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/halo-gravity-traction.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intervertebral disc disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/intervertebral-disc-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Kyphosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001240.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001240.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kyphosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kyphosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374205?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kyphosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/kyphosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/kyphosis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Laminectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007389.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lordosis - lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003278.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003278.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar (Open) Microscopic Discectomy" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Surgical-Options/Lumbar-Microscopic-Discectomy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
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<site title="Lumbar and Cervical Discography" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Assessment-Tools/Discography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
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<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar spinal surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100119_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100119_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Lumbar Spine CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007350.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Lumbosacral spine CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003787.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Lumbosacral spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention: Exercise" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Prevention/Exercise/Strengthening">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spine Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Spinal+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Spinal+Fractures%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Spinal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Cord Tumor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20350103?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002968.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal fusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100121_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100121_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal Infections" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Infections-Tumors/Spinal-Infections">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spinal tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001403.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine Rehabilitation Exercises" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/spine-conditioning-program/spine-conditioning-program-pdf/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000313.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spondylocostal dysostosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondylocostal-dysostosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spondylolisthesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001260.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001260.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spondylolysis and Spondylolysthesis" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Degenerative-Conditions/Spondylolysis-and-Spondylolysthesis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spondylothoracic dysostosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spondylothoracic-dysostosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic spine CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007442.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003806.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003806.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplasty - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100204_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100204_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vertebroplasty for Spine Fracture Pain" url="https://familydoctor.org/vertebroplasty-for-spine-fracture-pain/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vertebroplastia-para-dolor-por-fractura-de-la-columna/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whiplash and Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAS)" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Conditions/Injuries/Whiplash-and-Whiplash-Associated-Disorder">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The spleen is an organ above the stomach, under the ribs. Certain diseases may cause a spleen to swell. A damaged spleen may need removed. Read more." title="Spleen Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html" id="414" language="English" date-created="01/18/2000">
<also-called>Splenic diseases</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your spleen is an organ above your stomach and under your ribs on your left side. It is about as big as your fist. The spleen is part of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html"&gt;lymphatic system&lt;/a&gt;, which fights infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. It contains white blood cells that fight germs. Your spleen also helps control the amount of blood in your body, and destroys old and damaged cells. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain diseases might cause your spleen to swell. You can also damage or rupture your spleen in an injury, especially if it is already swollen. If your spleen is too damaged, you might need surgery to remove it. You can live without a spleen. Other organs, such as your liver, will take over some of the spleen's work. Without a spleen, however, your body will lose some of its ability to fight infections.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html" id="2167" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del bazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013158">Splenic Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html" id="591">Lymphatic Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Splenic Diseaess</see-reference>
<see-reference>Splenomegaly</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003796.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003796.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Splenic Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Splenic+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Splenomegaly" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Splenomegaly%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20354326?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypersplenism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001314.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Isolated congenital asplenia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/isolated-congenital-asplenia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic spleen removal in adults - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000286.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000286.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003825.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lymphatic System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spleen-lymphatic.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Open spleen removal in adults - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000287.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000287.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of the Spleen" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/spleen-disorders/overview-of-the-spleen" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/trastornos-espl%C3%A9nicos/introducci%C3%B3n-al-bazo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-splenectomy complications" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001290.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spleen Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Splenic+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Ruptured Spleen" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ruptured-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20352317?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ruptured-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20352317?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spleen (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/spleen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/spleen.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spleen and Lymphatic System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/spleen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/spleen.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spleen removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002944.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002944.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spleen Removal (Splenectomy)" url="https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-spleen-removal-splenectomy-from-sages/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spleen removal - child - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000277.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000277.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spleen removal - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100040_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100040_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splenectomies (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/splenectomies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/splenectomies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splenectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/splenectomy/about/pac-20395066?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splenic Sequestration (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/splenic-sequestration.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splenomegaly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003276.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003276.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sports are a great way to get or stay in shape. Find tips on what you can do before and after your sports fitness session to maintain your health" title="Sports Fitness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sports can be a great way to get in shape or stay that way. Having a specific goal can be a great motivator.  Physically, you need strength and endurance. Your training will vary with your sport. You would not train the same way for pole vaulting as for swimming. You might, however, cross train. Cross training simply means that you include a variety of fitness activities in your program. Research shows that cross training builds stronger bones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Remember to listen to your body. If you frequently feel exhausted or you are in pain, you may be overdoing it. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;Injuries&lt;/a&gt; can be the result. And be sure that you use your body and your equipment &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html"&gt;safely&lt;/a&gt;.  What you eat and drink is also important. Water is the most important nutrient for active people. Drink it before, during and after workouts. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html" id="2168" language="Spanish">Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013178">Sports Medicine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsfitness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html" id="136">Anabolic Steroids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html" id="6601">Benefits of Exercise</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490">Exercise and Physical Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html" id="3012">Exercise for Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html" id="1530">Exercise for Older Adults</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html" id="6603">How Much Exercise Do I Need?</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620">Sports Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html" id="1702">Sports Safety</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fitness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Performance-Enhancing Drugs</see-reference>
<see-reference>Weight Training</see-reference>
<site title="5K Run: 7-Week Training Schedule for Beginners" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/5k-run/art-20050962?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/5k-run/art-20050962?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Sports Medicine" url="https://www.acsm.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Sports Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sports Medicine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sports+Medicine%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Fitness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/fitnessdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dehydration (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Exercise or Physical Activity" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/exercise.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Your Child Athlete" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed-child-athlete.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed-child-athlete.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Athlete Triad" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/triad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/triad.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Athlete Triad" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/female-athlete-triad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/triada-de-la-mujer-deportista-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fitness for Kids Who Don't Like Sports" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hate-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hate-sports.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Eating for Sports" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eatnrun.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eatnrun.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Fit Are You? See How You Measure Up" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20046433?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition and athletic performance" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002458.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Performance-Enhancing Drugs: Know the Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/performance-enhancing-drugs/art-20046134?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="President's Council on Sports, Fitness &amp; Nutrition" url="https://health.gov/pcsfn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports Fitness" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sports+Medicine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stretching Safely and Effectively" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Training: Do's and Don'ts of Proper Technique" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/weight-training/art-20045842?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Get the facts on sports injuries, including the most common types, and read about the treatments available" title="Sports Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Exercising is good for you, but sometimes you can injure yourself when you play sports or exercise. Accidents, poor training practices, or improper gear can cause them. Some people get hurt because they are not in shape. Not warming up or stretching enough can also lead to injuries. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most common sports injuries are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Knee injuries&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Swollen muscles &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Achilles tendon injuries &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Pain along the shin bone &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotatorcuffinjuries.html"&gt;Rotator cuff injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones) &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocations&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you get hurt, stop playing. Continuing to play or exercise can cause more harm.  Treatment often begins with the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) method to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and speed healing. Other possible treatments include pain relievers, keeping the injured area from moving, rehabilitation, and sometimes surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html" id="2169" language="Spanish">Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001265">Athletic Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportsinjuries.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportsinjuries.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportsinjuries.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportsinjuries.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportsinjuries.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1612">Ankle Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html" id="4867">Concussion</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304">Knee Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415">Sports Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html" id="417">Sprains and Strains</related-topic>
<site title="Achilles tendon repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007643.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACL reconstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007208.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007208.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acute mountain sickness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000133.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Sprains" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ankle-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ankle-sprains.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back pain and sports" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biomarkers Identified in Collegiate Athletes That Could Help Predict Time Needed to Recover From Concussion" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/biomarkers-identified-collegiate-athletes-could-help-predict-time-needed-recover-concussion">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Nursing Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Burners" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/burners/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/burners-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350830?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Athletic Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Athletic+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Sports Injuries" url="https://familydoctor.org/common-sports-injuries/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lesiones-deportivas-comunes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000034.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Concussion" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/concussion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/conmocion-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Concussion in Sports" url="https://www.acsm.org/docs/default-source/files-for-resource-library/concussion-in-sports.pdf?sfvrsn=bd52934b_2">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Sports Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Sports Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sports-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sports-injuries.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ear Injuries (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ear-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ear-injuries.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise-Induced Urticaria" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-urticaria/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/urticaria-ronchas-inducida-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Health Facts for Athletes" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/foot-health-facts-for-athletes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Golf Injury Prevention" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/golf-injury-prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Golfer's Elbow" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/golfers-elbow/symptoms-causes/syc-20372868?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hamstring Injury" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to avoid exercise injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jumper's Knee (Patellar Tendonitis) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Knee Bracing: What Works?" url="https://familydoctor.org/knee-bracing-what-works/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/rodilleras-que-funciona/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lactic acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007638.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osgood-Schlatter disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001258.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-dolor-patelofemoral-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Athletic+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quadriceps Contusion" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/quad-contusions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/quad-contusions.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Returning to sports after a back injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rotator cuff problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000438.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Runner's Knee" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/runners-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/runners-knee.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sever's Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/severs-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/severs-disease.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shin Splints" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shin-splints/symptoms-causes/syc-20354105?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/shin-splints/symptoms-causes/syc-20354105?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shin splints - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000654.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Impingement/Rotator Cuff Tendinitis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/shoulder-impingementrotator-cuff-tendinitis" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.org/es/diseases--conditions/compresion-del-hombro-tendinitis-del-manguito-rotador-shoulder-impingementrotator-cuff-tendinitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Instability" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/shoulder-instability/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/inestabilidad-del-hombro-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports and Concussions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/concussions-sports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/concussions-sports.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports Hernia (Athletic Pubalgia)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/sports-hernia-athletic-pubalgia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports Injuries" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sports-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-deportivas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sports Safety: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sprains" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/symptoms-causes/syc-20377938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sprains/symptoms-causes/syc-20377938?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Fractures" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20354057?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis Elbow" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tennis-elbow/symptoms-causes/syc-20351987?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000449.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/tennis-elbow-lateral-epicondylitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicular-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicular-injuries.html">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venous Thromboembolism and Marathon Athletes" url="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004586">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If you play sports, your safety should be a priority. Learn how to prevent related injuries by taking the following precautions" title="Sports Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html" id="1702" language="English" date-created="07/31/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Playing sports can be fun, but it can also be dangerous if you are not careful. You can help prevent injuries by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting a physical to make sure you are healthy before you start playing your sport&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing the right shoes, gear, and equipment &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinking lots of water &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Warming up and stretching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have already hurt yourself playing a sport, make sure you recover completely before you start up again.  If possible, protect the injured part of your body with padding, a brace, or special equipment. When you do start playing again, start slowly.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Fitness and Exercise</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html" id="2276" language="Spanish">Seguridad en los deportes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013177">Sports</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012449">Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportssafety.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportssafety.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportssafety.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportssafety.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sportssafety.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsfitness.html" id="415">Sports Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620">Sports Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/watersafetyrecreational.html" id="1714">Water Safety (Recreational)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bicycle Safety</see-reference>
<see-reference>Recreational Safety</see-reference>
<site title="American College of Sports Medicine" url="https://www.acsm.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Sports Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Back pain and sports" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000519.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bicycling" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bicycling%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Female Athlete Triad" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/female-athlete-triad/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/triada-de-la-mujer-deportista-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Four Quarters of Football Helmet Safety" url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/348.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/348.pdf#page=2">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Consumer Product Safety Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to avoid exercise injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000859.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protective Eyewear" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/protective-eyewear">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sports Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Safety%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Sports%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Returning to sports after a back injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000518.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safety Tips for Exercising Outdoors for Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/exercise-and-physical-activity/safety-tips-exercising-outdoors-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ejercicio/consejos-seguridad-personas-mayores-cuando-hacen-ejercicio-al-aire-libre">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safety Tips: Basketball (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-basketball.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/safety-basketball.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Infections in Athletes" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/skin-infections-in-athletes/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports and Exercise Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sport-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sport-safety.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sports and Eye Safety: Tips for Parents and Teachers" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/sports-and-eye-safety-tips-parents-and-teachers" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/los-deportes-y-la-seguridad-de-los-ojos-recomendaciones-para-padres-y-maestros">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sports and Your Eyes" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/sports-and-your-eyes">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sports physical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000673.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000673.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Prevent Sports Injuries in Children and Teens" url="https://healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/Pages/Sports-Injuries-Treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/News%20Features/spanish-sportsinjury.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Winter Safety Tips" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Winter-Safety.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/Paginas/Winter-Safety.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament while a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon. Learn how to lower your risks of sprains and strains. " title="Sprains and Strains" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html" id="417" language="English" date-created="10/18/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A sprain is a stretched or torn ligament. Ligaments are tissues that connect bones at a joint. Falling, twisting, or getting hit can all cause a sprain. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Ankle&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;wrist&lt;/a&gt; sprains are common. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and being unable to move your joint. You might feel a pop or tear when the injury happens. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A strain is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon. Tendons are tissues that connect muscle to bone. Twisting or pulling these tissues can cause a strain. Strains can happen suddenly or develop over time. Back and hamstring muscle strains are common. Many people get strains playing sports. Symptoms include pain, muscle spasms, swelling, and trouble moving the muscle. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At first, treatment of both sprains and strains usually involves resting the injured area, icing it, wearing a bandage or device that compresses the area, and medicines. Later treatment might include exercise and physical therapy. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html" id="2235" language="Spanish">Torceduras y distensiones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013180">Sprains and Strains</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sprainsandstrains.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html" id="620">Sports Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html" id="1618">Tendinitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ligament Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Muscle Strain</see-reference>
<site title="Ankle sprain - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Sprain Treatment" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/Pages/Ankle-Sprain-Treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/paginas/ankle-sprain-treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ankle Sprains" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ankle-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ankle-sprains.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sprains and Strains" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sprains+and+Strains%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elbow sprain -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot sprain - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hamstring Injury" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hamstring strain - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000551.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hip flexor strain -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Care for a Sprained Ankle" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-care-for-a-sprained-ankle">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Strengthen Your Ankle After a Sprain" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-strengthen-your-ankle-after-a-sprain">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stretch Your Ankle after a Sprain" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/how-to-stretch-your-ankle-after-a-sprain">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sprains and Strains" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sprains+and+Strains%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sports Injuries" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sports-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/lesiones-deportivas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sprained Thumb" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/sprained-thumb">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sprains" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000041.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000041.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strains" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000042.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strains and Sprains" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/strains-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/strains-sprains.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strains and Sprains" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strains-sprains-sheet.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strains and Sprains (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strains-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/strains-sprains.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stretching Safely and Effectively" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendon repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002970.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002970.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whiplash" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wrist sprain - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000568.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000568.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wrist Sprains" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/wrist-sprains/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Staph infections are caused by bacteria that are commonly found on the skin or in the nose. Learn how to prevent and treat Staph infections." title="Staphylococcal Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="418" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<also-called>Staph</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are Staphylococcal (staph) infections?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/em&gt; (staph) is a group of bacteria. There are more than 30 types. A type called &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; causes most infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Staph bacteria can cause many different types of infections, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html"&gt;Skin infections&lt;/a&gt;, which are the most common types of staph infections.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bacteremia, an infection of the bloodstream. This can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html"&gt;sepsis&lt;/a&gt;, a very serious immune response to infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html"&gt;Bone infections&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html"&gt;Endocarditis&lt;/a&gt;, an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;Food poisoning&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html"&gt;Pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a life-threatening condition caused by toxins from certain types of bacteria.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes staph infections?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some people carry staph bacteria on their skin or in their noses, but they do not get an infection. But if they get a cut or wound, the bacteria can enter the body and cause an infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Staph bacteria can spread from person to person. They can also spread on objects, such as towels, clothing, door handles, athletic equipment, and remotes. If you have staph and do not handle food properly when you are preparing it, you can also spread staph to others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get a staph infection?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop a staph infection, but certain people are more likely to get one, including those who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a chronic condition such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, cancer, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;vascular disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html"&gt;eczema&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html"&gt;lung disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a weakened immune system, such as from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;, medicines to prevent organ rejection, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Had surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are in the hospital&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a catheter, breathing tube, or feeding tube&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have an implanted device, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html"&gt;pacemaker&lt;/a&gt; or artificial joint or heart valve&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;burns&lt;/a&gt;, especially if they are deep or cover a large area of the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are on &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html"&gt;dialysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Inject illegal drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do contact sports, since you may have skin-to-skin contact with others or share equipment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of staph infections?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of a staph infection depend on the type of infection:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin infections can look like pimples or boils. They may be red, swollen, and painful. Sometimes there is pus or other drainage. They can turn into &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html"&gt;impetigo&lt;/a&gt;, which turns into a crust on the skin, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html"&gt;cellulitis&lt;/a&gt;, a swollen, red area of skin that feels hot.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone infections can cause pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the infected area. You may also have chills and a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Endocarditis causes some flu-like symptoms: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;, chills, and fatigue. It also causes symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in your arms or legs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Food poisoning typically causes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrhea&lt;/a&gt;, and fever. If you lose too many fluids, you may also become &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html"&gt;dehydrated&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pneumonia symptoms include a high fever, chills, and cough that doesn't get better. You may also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest pain&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) causes high fever, sudden low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion. You may have a sunburn-like rash somewhere on your body. TSS can lead to organ failure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are staph infections diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Often, providers can tell if you have a staph skin infection by looking at it. To check for other types of staph infections, providers may do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/"&gt;culture&lt;/a&gt;, with a skin scraping, tissue sample, stool sample, or throat or nasal swabs. There may be other tests, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, depending on the type of infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for staph infections?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for staph infections is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. Depending on the type of infection, the antibiotics might be a cream, ointment, medicines (to swallow), or intravenous (IV) medicine. If you have an infected wound, your provider might drain it. Sometimes you may need surgery for bone infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some staph infections, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html"&gt;MRSA&lt;/a&gt; (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;resistant to many antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. There are still certain antibiotics that can treat these infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can staph infections be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Certain steps can help to prevent staph infections:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use good &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;hygiene&lt;/a&gt;, including washing your hands often.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't share towels, sheets, or clothing with someone who has a staph infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It's best not to share athletic equipment. If you do need to share, make sure that it is properly cleaned and dried before you use it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;food safety&lt;/a&gt;, including not preparing food for others when you have a staph infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have a cut or wound, keep it covered.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html" id="2170" language="Spanish">Infecciones por estafilococo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013203">Staphylococcal Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html" id="1227">Cellulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html" id="1253">Impetigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html" id="4539">MRSA</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</see-reference>
<site title="About Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/staphylococcus-aureus/about/vancomycin-resistant-staph.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boils" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001474.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boils (Furunculosis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/furunculosis-boil?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boils and Carbuncles" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/boils-and-carbuncles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353770?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbuncle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000825.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Staphylococcal Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Staphylococcal+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nasopharyngeal culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003747.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nikolsky sign" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003285.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staphylococcal Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Staphylococcal+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scalded skin syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001352.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Flu and Staph Infection" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/signs-symptoms/flustaph.html" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flustaph.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin Abscesses" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abscess.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abscess.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staph Infections" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/staph-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20356221?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/staph-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20356221?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staph Infections" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/staphylococcus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/staphylococcus.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staph infections -- self-care at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000686.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000686.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staphylococcal Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/pages/Staphylococcal-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/staphylococcal-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staphylococcus aureus (Staph infection) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/staphylococcus-aureus-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/estafilococo-aureus/pdf/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic shock syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000653.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/toxic-shock-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxic-shock-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355384?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000988.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000988.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="If diet and exercise don't reduce your cholesterol levels, you may need to take medicine. Often, this medicine is a statin. Learn more about statins." title="Statins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html" id="4909" language="English" date-created="01/07/2009">
<also-called>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly.  But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;HDL&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are statins?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Statins are a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol medicine&lt;/a&gt;. Your health care provider may prescribe them if you have high cholesterol and making lifestyle changes does not lower your cholesterol enough. Statins are the most common medicines used to treat high cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;
    
&lt;h3&gt;How do statins lower cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Statins lower LDL cholesterol by slowing down how much cholesterol the liver makes. They also increase your liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol that is already in the blood. This can slow the formation of plaques in your arteries. Studies have shown that statins lower the risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; in people with high LDL cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Statins can lower your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglyceride&lt;/a&gt; level as well. Triglycerides are another type of fat in your blood that can raise the risk of heart disease. Statins may also increase your HDL cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the risks of taking statins?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Statins usually don't cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effects&lt;/a&gt;, but they may raise the risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. However, this mainly happens in people already at high risk of diabetes, such as those who are overweight or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Statins may also cause abnormal results on liver enzymes tests, but actual liver damage is very rare. Another uncommon side effect is muscle damage. In rare cases, this muscle damage can lead to muscle pain and kidney damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should not take statins if you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;breastfeeding&lt;/a&gt;. They are also not recommended for people who have certain types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I safely take statins?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To safely take statins, you should:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Take your statin as prescribed.&lt;/strong&gt; You should not stop taking this medicine on your own, since that can lead to a serious problem or, in rare cases, even cause death. Talk to your provider if you have any concerns about your statin or if you would like to stop or change to a different treatment.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask your provider which other medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;supplements&lt;/a&gt;, or foods you should avoid.&lt;/strong&gt; Some of these can interact with statins and cause serious side effects or make statins less effective. For example, grapefruit (fresh or as juice) affects how your liver breaks down some statins.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tell your provider about any symptoms or side effects you are having.&lt;/strong&gt; Sometimes, people report muscle problems while taking statins. If you start having muscle pain, your provider may order a blood test to look look for muscle damage. The pain may go away if you switch to a different statin. Muscle damage with statins is rare, and your muscles may heal when you switch to a different medicine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html" id="4910" language="Spanish">Estatinas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D019161">Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811">Cholesterol Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol - drug treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000314.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Drug May Help Protect the Heart during Chemotherapy for Lymphoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2023/lymphoma-statin-reduces-chemo-heart-damage">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol-Lowering Medicines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/treatment/cholesterol-lowering-medicines.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA+Reductase+Inhibitors%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to take statins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000748.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pharmacogenetic Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Statins" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA+Reductase+Inhibitors%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rhabdomyolysis from Statins: What's the Risk?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/rhabdomyolysis/FAQ-20057817?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/rhabdomyolysis/faq-20057817?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Statin Side Effects: Weigh the Benefits and Risks" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statin-side-effects/ART-20046013?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statin-side-effects/art-20046013?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Statins: Are These Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs Right for You?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statins/ART-20045772?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/statins/art-20045772?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Statins: Do They Cause ALS?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/statins/FAQ-20058141?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/statins/faq-20058141?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Read about three ways stem cells differ from other cells in the body" title="Stem Cells" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html" id="1395" language="English" date-created="12/07/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. They serve as a repair system for the body. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Stem cells are different from other cells in the body in three ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They can divide and renew themselves over a long time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They are unspecialized, so they cannot do specific functions in the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;They have the potential to become specialized cells, such as muscle cells, blood cells, and brain cells&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors and scientists are excited about stem cells because they could help in many different areas of health and medical research.  Studying stem cells may help explain how serious conditions such as birth defects and cancer come about. Stem cells may one day be used to make cells and tissues for therapy of many diseases. Examples include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantation and Donation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html" id="2171" language="Spanish">Células madre</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013234">Stem Cells</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006412">Hematopoietic Stem Cells</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1457">Bone Marrow Transplantation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cord Blood</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stem Cell Transplantation</see-reference>
<site title="About Transplantation -- Blood Stem Cell" url="https://bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov/transplant-basics/about-transplantation">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Becoming a Blood Stem Cell Donor" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnTnkR7I0zk">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bone marrow (stem cell) donation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22hematopoietic+stem+cell+transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hematopoietic Stem Cells" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stem Cell Transplantation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Stem+Cell+Transplantation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stem Cells" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stem+Cells%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cord Blood Donation Process &amp; FAQs" url="https://www.nmdp.org/get-involved/join-the-registry/donate-cord-blood/cord-blood-donation-process">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cord Blood Testing and Banking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cord-blood-testing-and-banking/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-y-bancos-de-sangre-del-cordon-umbilical/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Donating Peripheral Blood Stem Cells" url="https://www.nmdp.org/get-involved/join-the-registry/donate-pbsc">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donating Stem Cells and Bone Marrow" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/donors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/proceso.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donation and Transplantation Statistics" url="https://bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov/data/donation-and-transplantation-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Focus on Stem Cell Research" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/focus-tools-topics/focus-stem-cell-research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting a Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/process.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/efectos-secundarios-del-trasplante.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Graft-versus-host disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001309.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introduction to Stem Cells" url="https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Life after a blood stem cell transplant" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/transplant-support/life-after-transplant">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nine Things to Know About Stem Cell Treatments" url="https://www.aboutstemcells.org/info/nine-things-to-know-about-stem-cell-treatments">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Society for Stem Cell Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Planning for a Transplant -- Blood Stem Cell" url="https://bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov/transplant-basics/planning-transplant">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Health Resources and Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cells" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Stem+Cells%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant Side Effects" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/transplant-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/donantes.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cell Transplants (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stem-cells.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stem-cells.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cell Transplants (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stem-cells.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cell Transplants in Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/trasplante-de-celulas-madre">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stem Cells: What They Are and What They Do" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-transplant/in-depth/stem-cells/art-20048117?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-transplant/in-depth/stem-cells/art-20048117?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment before Transplant" url="https://www.nmdp.org/patients/transplant-support/preparing-for-transplant/treatment-before-transplant">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Marrow Donor Program</organization>
</site>
<site title="Types of Stem Cells" url="https://www.aboutstemcells.org/info/stem-cell-types" language-mapped-url="https://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/tipos-de-c%C3%A9lulas-madre.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Society for Stem Cell Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Stem Cells?" url="https://www.aboutstemcells.org/stem-cell-intro">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>International Society for Stem Cell Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Anabolic steroids are often used illegally to build muscle. But corticosteroids are used to treat a variety of health problems. Learn more about steroids." title="Steroids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html" id="4557" language="English" date-created="12/10/2007">
<also-called>Corticosteroids</also-called>
<also-called>Glucocorticoids</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You may have heard of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html"&gt;anabolic steroids&lt;/a&gt;, which can have harmful effects. But there's another type of steroid - sometimes called a corticosteroid - that treats a variety of problems. These steroids are similar to hormones that your adrenal glands make to fight stress associated with illnesses and injuries. They reduce inflammation and affect the immune system. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need to take corticosteroids to treat:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Arthritis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Asthma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Autoimmune diseases such as lupus and multiple sclerosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Skin conditions such as eczema and rashes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Some kinds of cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Steroids are strong medicines, and they can have side effects, including weakened bones and cataracts. Because of this, you usually take them for as short a time as possible.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Drug Therapy</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html" id="4558" language="Spanish">Corticoides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005938">Glucocorticoids</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000305">Adrenal Cortex Hormones</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011241">Prednisone</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html" id="1233">Addison Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4318">Cushing's Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corticosteroids</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glucocorticoids</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prednisone</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenal Cortex Hormones" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Adrenal+Cortex+Hormones%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Glucocorticoids" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Glucocorticoids%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Prednisone" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Prednisone%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corticosteroids" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-is-ibd/medication/corticosteroids">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corticosteroids" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/Pages/Corticosteroids.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/allergies-asthma/paginas/corticosteroids.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corticosteroids overdose" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002582.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortisone Shots" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cortisone-shots/about/pac-20384794?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural Steroid Injections" url="https://www.spine.org/KnowYourBack/Treatments/Injection-Treatments-for-Spinal-Pain/Epidural-Steroid-Injections">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>North American Spine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="FAQs about Oral Steroids (Steroid Pills and Syrups) for Asthma" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/quickrelief/faqs-oral-steroids-for-asthma?modal=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="FAQs About Steroids for Asthma" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/longterm/faqs-about-steroids-for-asthma?modal=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="FAQs on Inhaled Steroids for Asthma" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/medications/asthma-medications/longterm/faqs-inhaled-steroids-for-asthma?modal=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteoporosis-inducida-por-glucocorticoides">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Stop Steroid Medicines Safely" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-stop-steroid-medicines-safely/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dejar-de-tomar-medicamentos-esteroides-sin-peligro/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICSs) and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/inhaled-corticosteroids-icss-pregnancy/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/los-corticosteroides-inhalados-icss/pdf/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prednisone" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis-treatments/prednisone/">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prednisone and Other Corticosteroids: Balance the Risks and Benefits" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/ART-20045692?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/steroids/art-20045692?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Steroids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Glucocorticoids%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Adrenal+Cortex+Hormones%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Prednisone%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Steroid injections - tendon, bursa, joint" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007678.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Steroids for Treating Cancer (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/steroid-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/steroid-treatment.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A stillbirth is when a mother's baby dies in the womb after the 20th week of pregnancy. Read more on how to cope or support your loved one." title="Stillbirth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html" id="5682" language="English" date-created="10/25/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If a woman loses a pregnancy after she's past her 20th week, it's called a stillbirth. Stillbirths are due to natural causes. They can happen before delivery or during delivery. Causes include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with the placenta, the organ that transports oxygen and nutrients to the fetus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetic problems with the fetus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fetal infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other physical problems in the fetus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In at least half of all cases, it is not possible to tell why the baby died.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If stillbirth happens before delivery, your health care provider may induce labor or perform a Cesarean section to deliver the fetus.  In some cases, you can wait until you go into labor yourself.  This usually happens within two weeks of stillbirth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Counseling may help you cope with your grief. Later, if you do decide to try again, work closely with your health care provider to lower the risks. Many women who have a stillbirth go on to have healthy babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html" id="5683" language="Spanish">Parto de feto muerto</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D050497">Stillbirth</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html" id="515">Miscarriage</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pregnancy Loss</see-reference>
<site title="About Stillbirth" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stillbirth/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Fetal Death" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Fetal+Death%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stillbirth" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stillbirth%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Stillbirth" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stillbirth/data-research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Grief after the Death of Your Baby" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/miscarriage-loss-grief/dealing-grief-after-death-your-baby" language-mapped-url="http://www.nacersano.org/centro/9260_9711.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Karyotype Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Other FAQs About Pregnancy Loss (Before 20 Weeks of Pregnancy)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancyloss/more_information/faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pregnancyloss/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Loss" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-loss" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/pregnancy-loss">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stillbirth" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stillbirth%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stillbirth" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stillbirth" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stillbirth">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stillbirth" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/miscarriage-loss-grief/stillbirth">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When your baby is stillborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000626.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know risk factors for stomach (gastric) cancer include a diet high in salty or smoked food or having an H. pylori infection? Learn more here." title="Stomach Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html" id="419" language="English" date-created="10/07/1999">
<also-called>Gastric cancer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The stomach is an organ between the esophagus and the small intestine. It mixes food with stomach acid and helps digest protein. Stomach cancer mostly affects older people - two-thirds of people who have it are over age 65. Your risk of getting it is also higher if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html"&gt;Helicobacter pylori infection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had stomach inflammation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a man&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat lots of  salted, smoked, or pickled foods &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoke cigarettes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of stomach cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is hard to diagnose stomach cancer in its early stages. Indigestion and stomach discomfort can be symptoms of early cancer, but other problems can cause the same symptoms. In advanced cases, there may be blood in your stool, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, or trouble swallowing. Doctors diagnose stomach cancer with a physical exam, blood and imaging tests, an endoscopy, and a biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because it is often found late, it can be hard to treat stomach cancer.  Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html" id="2172" language="Spanish">Cáncer de estómago</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013274">Stomach Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html" id="420">Stomach Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gastric Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics: Cancer of the Stomach" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/stomach.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/childhood" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/infantil">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stomach Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stomach+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/coping" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/afrontar">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Stomach (Gastric) Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/stomach">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002945.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100022_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100022_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric tissue biopsy and culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/h-pylori-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-h-pylori">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-diffuse-gastric-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incidence of Cancers of the Lower Stomach Increasing among Younger Americans" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2018/lower-stomach-cancer-incidence-changing">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Stomach Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pembrolizumab Secures FDA Approval in Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2017/gastric-cancer-fda-keytruda">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stomach+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask Your Health Care Team About Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomach cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000223.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/stomach-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-estomago-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Causes and Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/causes-risk-factors" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/causas-factores-riesgo">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Diagnosis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/diagnostico">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/screening" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/deteccion">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Stages" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/stages" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/estadios">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Survival Rates and Prognosis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/survival" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/supervivencia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Symptoms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/tratamiento">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Cancer Treatment by Stage" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/treatment/by-stage" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago/tratamiento/segun-estadio">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Polyps" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/treating/types-of-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/tratamiento/tipos-de-cirugias.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Stomach Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Stomach Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Stomach Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/estomago">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Stomach Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/about/what-is-stomach-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-estomago.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Stomach Cancer Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-estomago/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Have questions about what's causing your bellyache? Take a look at this information on stomach disorders. Find information on kids and adults." title="Stomach Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html" id="420" language="English" date-created="12/02/1999">
<also-called>Gastric disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. It is where digestion of protein begins. The stomach has three tasks. It stores swallowed food. It mixes the food with stomach acids. Then it sends the mixture on to the small intestine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people have a problem with their stomach at one time or another. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html"&gt;Indigestion&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html"&gt;heartburn&lt;/a&gt; are common problems. You can relieve some stomach problems with over-the-counter medicines and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding fatty foods or eating more slowly. Other problems like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html"&gt;peptic ulcers&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; require medical attention. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should see a doctor if you have any of the following:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Blood when you have a bowel movement&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html"&gt;abdominal pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Heartburn not relieved by antacids &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Unintended weight loss &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ongoing vomiting or diarrhea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html" id="2173" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del estómago</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013272">Stomach Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stomachdisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html" id="3061">Abdominal Pain</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html" id="4293">Indigestion</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html" id="489">Nausea and Vomiting</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html" id="357">Peptic Ulcer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html" id="419">Stomach Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gastric Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastroparesis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stomach Ache</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Long-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-long-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-largo-plazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain), Short-Term" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/abdominal-pain-stomach-pain-short-term/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-abdomen-de-corta-duracion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Gastroenterology" url="https://gi.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiparietal cell antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003351.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ASGE: Find a Doctor" url="https://www.asge.org/find-a-doctor-results">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
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</site>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastritis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gastritis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stomach Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stomach+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Definitions of Digestive Terms" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/medical-definitions-glossary-dictionary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Digestive System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/digestive-system.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disorders of the Stomach" url="https://aboutgimotility.org/learn-about-gi-motility/disorders-of-the-stomach/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dumping Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dumping Syndrome" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/dumping-syndrome">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="EGD discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000898.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a SAGES Surgeon" url="https://www.sages.org/public-search/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Stomachaches (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stomachaches-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flushable reagent stool blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007007.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gas in the Digestive Tract" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gas-digestive-tract" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gas-tubo-digestivo?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gas-tracto-digestivo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002945.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002945.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100022_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100022_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric Emptying Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gastric-emptying-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-vaciamiento-gastrico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastric suction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003882.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003882.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric tissue biopsy and culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001150.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001150.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastritis and Gastropathy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastritis-gastropatia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/gastroparesia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Gastroparesis" url="https://gi.org/topics/gastroparesis/" language-mapped-url="https://gi.org/patients/recursos-en-espanol/gastroparesia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastroparesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000297.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000297.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gut Troubles: Pain, Gassiness, Bloating, and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infantile pyloric stenosis - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100095_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100095_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stomach+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pyloric Stenosis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pyloric stenosis in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000970.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000970.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pyloroplasty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002922.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomach Polyps" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stomachaches (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stomachaches.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stomachaches.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking about GI Disorders" url="https://aboutkidsgi.org/living-with-gi-disorders/talking-about-gi-disorders/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI and small bowel series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's Puke? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/puke.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/puke.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Do I Burp?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/burp.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/burp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/digest.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Streptococcal is a type of bacteria that can cause strep throat (group A) or blood infections (group B). Learn how they can be prevented and treated." title="Streptococcal Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html" id="421" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<also-called>Strep</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Strep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria. There are several types. Two of them cause most of the strep infections in people: group A and group B.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Group A strep causes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
     &lt;li&gt;Strep throat - a sore, red throat. Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html"&gt;tonsils&lt;/a&gt; may be swollen and have white spots on them.&lt;/li&gt;
     &lt;li&gt;Scarlet fever - an illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash on the body.&lt;/li&gt;
     &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html"&gt;Impetigo&lt;/a&gt; - a skin infection&lt;/li&gt;
     &lt;li&gt;Toxic shock syndrome&lt;/li&gt;
     &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html"&gt;Cellulitis&lt;/a&gt; and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)&lt;/li&gt;
   &lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Group B strep can cause blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns. A screening test during pregnancy can tell if you have it. If you do, intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor can save your baby's life.  Adults can also get group B strep infections, especially if they are 65 or older or already have health problems. Strep B can cause urinary tract infections, blood infections, skin infections and pneumonia in adults.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics are used to treat strep infections.&lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html" id="2174" language="Spanish">Infecciones por estreptococo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013290">Streptococcal Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html" id="1227">Cellulitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html" id="1253">Impetigo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html" id="5714">Pneumococcal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html" id="6440">Tonsillitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Rheumatic Fever</see-reference>
<see-reference>Scarlet Fever</see-reference>
<see-reference>Strep Throat</see-reference>
<site title="About Necrotizing Fasciitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/necrotizing-fasciitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-fascitis-necrosante.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Scarlet Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/scarlet-fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/sintomas-de-la-escarlatina.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Strep Throat" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-infeccion-de-garganta-por-estreptococos.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anti-DNase B blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003537.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antistreptolysin O titer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003522.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003522.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Rheumatic Fever" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Rheumatic+Fever%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Streptococcal Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Streptococcal+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecthyma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000864.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Erysipelas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000618.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonephritis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glomerulonephritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355705?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glomerulonephritis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/glomerulonephritis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/glomerulonephritis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group A Strep Infections (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/group-a-strep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/group-a-strep.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group A Streptococcal Infections" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/group-streptococcal-infections">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Group B Strep Infection" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/group-b-strep-infection/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-por-estreptococo-del-grupo-b-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group B Strep Surveillance and Trends" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/php/surveillance/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/about/fast-facts-sp.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group B streptococcal septicemia of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001366.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Group B streptococcus - pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000511.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing soft tissue infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001443.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001443.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections) Questions and Answers" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/pandas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/pandas-preguntas-y-respuestas">
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<site title="Perianal streptococcal cellulitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001346.htm">
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<site title="Preventing Group B Strep Disease in Newborns" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-b-strep/es/risk-factors/factores-de-riesgo-de-la-enfermedad-por-estreptococos-del-grupo-b.html">
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<site title="Streptococcal infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Streptococcal+Infections%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Recurring Strep Throat: When Is Tonsillectomy Useful?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/FAQ-20058360?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/faq-20058360?p=1">
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<site title="Rheumatic fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003940.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003940.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Scarlet fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000974.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000974.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scarlet Fever (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scarlet-fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scarlet-fever.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scoop on Strep Throat (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Sepsis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sepsis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sepsis-es.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep A Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-a-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-a/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strep B Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-b-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-del-grupo-b/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strep Test: Rapid (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-rapid-strep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/test-rapid-strep.html">
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</site>
<site title="Strep Test: Throat Culture (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest11.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest11.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep throat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000639.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Strep Throat" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/strep-throat/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infeccion-de-la-garganta-por-estreptococos-es/?adfree=true">
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<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep Throat" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep Throat (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Streptococcal Infections: Not A or B" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Streptococcal-Infections-Not-A-or-B.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/streptococcal-infections-not-a-or-b.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Streptococcal screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003745.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Sydenham chorea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001358.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sydenham Chorea" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/sydenham-chorea">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Throat swab culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003746.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Toxic shock syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000653.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000653.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxic-shock.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxic-shock.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxic Shock Syndrome (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tss.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tss.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What about My Child and Rheumatic Fever?" url="https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-about-my-child-and-rheumatic-fever.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
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</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Read about causes, symptoms and treatments associated with stress, something that most people encounter from time to time." title="Stress" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html" id="422" language="English" date-created="06/15/1999">
<also-called>Psychological stress</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is stress?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stress is how your brain and body respond to a challenge or demand. When you are stressed, your body releases certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt;. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work. The hormones that are released when you are stressed make you alert and ready to act. They can raise your blood pressure, heart rate, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood glucose&lt;/a&gt; (blood sugar) levels. This response is sometimes called a "fight or flight" response.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Everyone gets stressed from time to time. There are different types of stress. It can be short-term or long-term. It can be caused by something that happens once or something that keeps happening.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Not all stress is bad. In fact, it can help you survive in a dangerous situation. For example, one kind of stress is the jolt you may feel when a car pulls out in front of you while you are driving. This jolt of hormones helps you quickly hit the brakes to avoid an accident. A little short-term stress can sometimes be helpful. For example, the stress of having a deadline for school or your job may push you to get your work done on time. Once you finish it, that stress goes away.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;But stress that lasts a long time can harm your health.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What causes long-term stress?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Long-term stress, or chronic stress, lasts for weeks, months, or longer. As you go about your life, your body is acting as if you're being threatened.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Causes of long-term stress include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Routine stress&lt;/strong&gt; from the demands of work, school, family needs, money problems, and other daily pressures that don't stop.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stress from sudden, difficult changes in your life,&lt;/strong&gt; such as divorce, illness, losing your job, or other unhappy life events that often have a long impact.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Traumatic stress,&lt;/strong&gt; which may happen when you're in danger of serious harm or death. Examples include being in a bad accident, a war, a flood, earthquake, or other frightening event. This type of stress can cause a long-lasting problem called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt; (PTSD).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can long term-stress harm my health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People respond to stress in different ways. If you're stressed for a long time you may notice that you are:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting sick more often than usual because stress weakens your body's ability to fight germs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having stomach problems or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html"&gt;trouble digesting food&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html"&gt;Having trouble sleeping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Having headaches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling sad, angry, or easily upset&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When stress keeps going, your body acts as if you're always in danger. That's a lot of strain that may play a part in developing serious health problems, including:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's possible to get used to the symptoms of stress and not even realize there's a problem. So when there's a lot of stress in your life, it's important to pay attention to how it affects you so you can do something about it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I manage long-term stress?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Simple things that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;improve your mental health&lt;/a&gt; may be helpful in managing long-term stress, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;Get regular exercise.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; A 30-minute daily walk can help you feel better and help keep your immune system strong, so you don't get sick.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Try relaxing activities.&lt;/strong&gt; You could look for an app or wellness program that uses breathing, meditation, or muscle relaxation exercises.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html"&gt;enough sleep&lt;/a&gt; every night.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoid too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Decide what you need to do now and what can wait.&lt;/strong&gt; And focus on what you got done each day, not on what you weren't able to do.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask your family or friends for support.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When should I ask my health care provider for help with stress?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Get help if you're having severe symptoms for 2 weeks or more, including:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble sleeping&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in your eating that cause unwanted changes in your weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Troubles getting out of bed because of your mood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty focusing your thoughts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Losing interest in things you usually enjoy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to do your usual daily activities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Always get help right away if stress is causing you to:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Have thoughts of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel you can't cope&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use drugs or alcohol more often than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychologist or social worker.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html" id="2175" language="Spanish">Estrés</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013315">Stress, Psychological</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html" id="144">Anxiety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35">Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="367">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder</related-topic>
<see-reference>Psychological Stress</see-reference>
<site title="5 Things To Know About Relaxation Techniques for Stress" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-relaxation-techniques-for-stress">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="5 Ways to Beat Pre-Performance Nerves" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/nerves.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/nerves.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Adverse Childhood Experiences" url="https://www.cdc.gov/aces/about/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adjustment disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000932.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adult Health: Discover if You're at Risk of Job Burnout" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Buffering Childhood Stress: Safe, Secure Relationships For Better Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/07/buffering-childhood-stress" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aliviando-el-estres-infantil">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Finder" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_Youth/CAP_Finder/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resources/CAP_Finder.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Stress: How Parents Can Help" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stress.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stress.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chill out with the NIH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/chill-out-with-the-nih" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/relajese-con-los-nih">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stress, Psychological" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stress,+Psychological%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Stress" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stress-situations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stress-situations.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coping with Stress at Work" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/work-stress?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/estres-trabajo?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dr. Richard Davidson on Reducing Stress" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/01/dr-richard-davidson-reducing-stress">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feeling Stressed? Ways to Improve Your Well-Being" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/01/feeling-stressed" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/se-siente-estresado-0">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting to Know Your Brain: Dealing with Stress" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/media/2021/getting-to-know-your-brain-dealing-with-stress">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Help your teen cope with stress" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000814.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000814.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Children Handle Stress" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Pages/Helping-Children-Handle-Stress.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Well Are You Managing Stress?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/001942_13.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/001942_73.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="I'm So Stressed Out! Facts about Stress and Anxiety" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/so-stressed-out-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/estoy-tan-estresado">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learn to manage stress" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001942.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Link Between Stress and Smoking" url="https://women.smokefree.gov/live-healthier/care-for-your-mind/stress-smoking">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
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<site title="Managing Your Stress in Tough Economic Times" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/money/economic-stress?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/centrodeapoyo/tiempos">
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</site>
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<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
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<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
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<site title="Overcoming job stress" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000884.htm">
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<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
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<site title="Stress" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stress%2C+Psychological%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relaxation Techniques: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-what-you-need-to-know">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Resilience for Teens" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/bounce-teens" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/recuperacion">
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<site title="Stand Up to Stress!" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stand-up-to-stress" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/hazle-frente-al-estres">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Stress and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/stress-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/sentimientos/hoja-informativa-estres">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stress and High Blood Pressure: What's the Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/ART-20044190?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/stress-and-high-blood-pressure/art-20044190?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and Migraine" url="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/stress-migraine/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Migraine Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and Your Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/stress-and-your-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/good-mental-health/stress-and-your-health">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and your health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003211.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress and your heart" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000768.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Catcher" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress-catcher" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/comecocos-de-papel">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Stress in America" url="https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/?partner=nlm">
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<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress in childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002059.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Management: Being Assertive" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/assertive/art-20044644?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/assertive/art-20044644?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Management: Chronic Stress Puts Your Health at Risk" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress/art-20046037?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress Management: Positive Thinking" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-thinking/art-20043950?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-thinking/art-20043950?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Stress Management: Stress Relief" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-relief/hlv-20049495?p=1">
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<site title="Stress Management: Stress Relievers" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-relievers/art-20047257?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-management/art-20044489?p=1">
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<site title="Stress Symptoms: Effects on Your Body and Behavior" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-symptoms/art-20050987?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-symptoms/art-20050987?p=1">
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</site>
<site title="Teens and Stress: When It's More Than Worry" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-and-stress-when-its-more-than-worry" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-y-el-estres">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Teens and Stress: Who Has Time for It?" url="https://familydoctor.org/teens-and-stress-who-has-time-for-it/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/adolescentes-y-estres-quien-tiene-tiempo-para-eso/?adfree=true">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A stroke happens when blood flow to the brain is blocked. It is a medical emergency. Quick action can save a life and help with rehabilitation and recovery." title="Stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>Brain attack</also-called>
<also-called>CVA</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a stroke?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A stroke happens when there is a loss of blood flow to part of the brain. Your brain cells cannot get the oxygen and nutrients they need from blood, and they start to die within a few minutes. This can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you think that you or someone else is having a stroke, call 911 right away. Immediate treatment may save someone's life and increase the chances for successful rehabilitation and recovery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of stroke?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two types of stroke:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;Ischemic stroke&lt;/a&gt; is caused by a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clot&lt;/a&gt; that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. This is the most common type; about 80% of strokes are ischemic.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html"&gt;Hemorrhagic stroke&lt;/a&gt; is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another condition that's similar to a stroke is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html"&gt;transient ischemic attack&lt;/a&gt; (TIA). It's sometimes called a "mini-stroke." TIAs happen when the blood supply to the brain is blocked for a short time. The damage to the brain cells isn't permanent, but if you have had a TIA, you are at a much higher risk of having a stroke.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for a stroke?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain factors can raise your risk of a stroke. The major risk factors include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This is the primary risk factor for a stroke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html"&gt;Atrial fibrillation&lt;/a&gt; and other heart diseases can cause blood clots that lead to stroke.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html"&gt;Smoking&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; When you smoke, you damage your blood vessels and raise your blood pressure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A personal or family history of stroke or TIA.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Age.&lt;/strong&gt; Your risk of stroke increases as you get older.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Race and ethnicity.&lt;/strong&gt; African Americans have a higher risk of stroke.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are also other factors that are linked to a higher risk of stroke, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alcohol and illegal drug use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not getting enough physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;High cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unhealthy diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of stroke?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of stroke often happen quickly. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudden severe headache with no known cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think that you or someone else is having a stroke, call 911 right away.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How are strokes diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about your symptoms and medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a physical exam, including a check of
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Your mental alertness&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Your coordination and balance&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Any numbness or weakness in your face, arms, and legs&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Any trouble speaking and seeing clearly&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Run some tests, which may include
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Diagnostic imaging&lt;/a&gt; of the brain, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Heart tests&lt;/a&gt;, which can help detect heart problems or blood clots that may have led to a stroke. Possible tests include an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/"&gt;electrocardiogram&lt;/a&gt; (EKG) and an echocardiography.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for stroke?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for stroke include medicines, surgery, and rehabilitation. Which treatments you get depend on the type of stroke and the stage of treatment. The different stages are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acute treatment&lt;/strong&gt;, to try to stop a stroke while it is happening&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Post-stroke rehabilitation&lt;/strong&gt;, to overcome the disabilities caused by the stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prevention&lt;/strong&gt;, to prevent a first stroke or, if you have already had one, prevent another stroke&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Acute treatments for ischemic stroke are usually medicines:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may get tPA, (tissue plasminogen activator), a medicine to dissolve the blood clot. You can only get this medicine within 4 hours of when your symptoms started. The sooner you can get it, the better your chance of recovery.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;If you cannot get that medicine, you may get medicine that helps stop platelets from clumping together to form blood clots. Or you may get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinner&lt;/a&gt; to keep existing clots from getting bigger.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have carotid artery disease, you may also need a procedure to open your blocked carotid artery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Acute treatments for hemorrhagic stroke focus on stopping the bleeding. The first step is to find the cause of bleeding in the brain. The next step is to control it:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If high blood pressure is the cause of bleeding, you may be given &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;blood pressure medicines&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurysm&lt;/a&gt; if the cause, you may need aneurysm clipping or coil embolization. These are surgeries to prevent further leaking of blood from the aneurysm. It also can help prevent the aneurysm from bursting again.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arteriovenousmalformations.html"&gt;arteriovenous malformation&lt;/a&gt; (AVM) is the cause of a stroke, you may need an AVM repair. An AVM is a tangle of faulty arteries and veins that can rupture within the brain. An AVM repair may be done through
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Injecting a substance into the blood vessels of the AVM to block blood flow&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Radiation to shrink the blood vessels of the AVM&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html"&gt;Stroke rehabilitation&lt;/a&gt; can help you relearn skills you lost because of the damage. The goal is to help you become as independent as possible and to have the best possible quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Prevention of another stroke is also important, since having a stroke increases the risk of getting another one. Prevention may include heart-healthy lifestyle changes and medicines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can strokes be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have already had a stroke or are at risk of having a stroke, you can make some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart-healthy lifestyle changes&lt;/a&gt; to try to prevent a future stroke:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating a heart-healthy diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aiming for a healthy weight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Managing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Quitting smoking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Managing your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol levels&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If these changes aren't enough, you may need medicine to control your risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html" id="2176" language="Spanish">Accidente cerebrovascular</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020521">Stroke</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/stroke.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aphasia.html" id="1212">Aphasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400">Atherosclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6263">Hemorrhagic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" id="6248">Ischemic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5914">Stroke Rehabilitation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html" id="1570">Transient Ischemic Attack</related-topic>
<see-reference>Brain Attack</see-reference>
<see-reference>CVA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebrovascular Disease</see-reference>
<site title="Agnosia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#agnosia">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Stroke Association" url="https://www.stroke.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
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<site title="Atherosclerosis and Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-risk-factors/atherosclerosis-and-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
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<site title="BAER - brainstem auditory evoked response" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003926.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Before Using Aspirin to Lower Your Risk of Heart Attack or Stroke, Here Is What You Should Know" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-use-aspirin/using-aspirin-lower-your-risk-heart-attack-or-stroke-what-you-should-know">
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<site title="Brain Basics: Preventing Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-preventing-stroke" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/trastornos/previniendo_la_apoplejia.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Brain herniation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Brain surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Brain surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Carotid Ultrasound Imaging" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-carotid">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Carotid Stenosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Carotid+Stenosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Endarterectomy, Carotid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=carotid+endarterectomy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Cranial Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ultrasound-cranial" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ultrasound-cranial">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="CT Perfusion of the Head" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/perfusionheadct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/perfusionheadct">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Stroke" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/diabetes-enfermedades-cardiacas-accidentes-cerebrovasculares">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="EEG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="FastStats: Cerebrovascular Disease or Stroke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/stroke.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
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<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional MRI (fMRI)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Heart Attack, Stroke, and Cardiac Arrest Symptoms" url="https://www.heart.org/en/about-us/heart-attack-and-stroke-symptoms">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and Stroke" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
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<site title="Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics" url="https://www.heart.org/en/about-us/heart-and-stroke-association-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
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<site title="Hemorrhagic Stroke: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="High Blood Pressure, Atrial Fibrillation, and Your Risk of Stroke" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/why-atrial-fibrillation-af-or-afib-matters/high-blood-pressure-afib-and-your-risk-of-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="hs-CRP Test (C-Reactive Protein High-Sensitivity)" url="https://www.testing.com/tests/high-sensitivity-c-reactive-protein-hs-crp/">
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<site title="Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/maps/atlas/index.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Ischemic Stroke: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lactate dehydrogenase test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003471.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003471.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="LDH isoenzyme blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003499.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003499.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Let's Talk about Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Lets-Talk-About-Stroke/Prevention/Lifestyle-Changes-to-Prevent-Stroke.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Lipoprotein (a) Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lipoprotein-a-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-lipoproteina-a/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lipoprotein-a" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007262.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007262.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Magnetic resonance angiography" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007269.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007269.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Mind Your Risks" url="https://www.mindyourrisks.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mitochondrial-encephalomyopathy-lactic-acidosis-and-stroke-like-episodes">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Preventing stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000678.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Preventing Stroke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/es/prevention/prevencion-de-los-accidentes-cerebrovasculares.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
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<site title="Diagnosis &amp; causes of stroke" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stroke%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Spinal Cord Infarction" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-cord-infarction">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stroke" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/stroke" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/stroke">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/stroke" language-mapped-url="https://www.stroke.nih.gov/materials/actintimespanish.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000726.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000726.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Stroke" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/stroke">
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<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Stroke - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000132.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stroke Connection e-news" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/stroke-connection">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stroke Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Stroke Overview" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/stroke/stroke-overview" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/accidentes-cerebrovasculares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Stroke Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/stroke/signs-and-symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/publications/apoplejia-factores-de-riesgo-sintomas-de-apoplejia-bookmark">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Stroke Symptoms and Warning Signs" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-symptoms">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
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<site title="Stroke: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-stroke/basics/ART-20056602?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-stroke/basics/art-20056602?p=1">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transcranial Doppler ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007759.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007759.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Treatment and Intervention for Stroke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Types of Stroke and Treatment" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
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<site title="Vertebrobasilar circulatory disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001423.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wallenberg's Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/wallenbergs-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Some Common Outcomes of Stroke and Some Common Treatments for These Outcomes?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stroke/conditioninfo/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/stroke/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Stroke?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stroke" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/accidente-cerebrovascular">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women and Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-risk-factors/women-have-a-higher-risk-of-stroke">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Strokes can cause lasting brain damage. Find out how stroke rehabilitation can help stroke survivors relearn skills they lose because of the damage." title="Stroke Rehabilitation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5914" language="English" date-created="11/02/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; can cause lasting brain damage. People who survive a stroke need to relearn skills they lost because of the damage. Rehabilitation can help them relearn those skills.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The effects of a stroke depend on which area of the brain was damaged. The types of disabilities a stroke can cause include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html"&gt;Paralysis&lt;/a&gt; or problems controlling movement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain and other problems with the senses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems using or understanding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aphasia.html"&gt;language&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with thinking and memory&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Emotional disturbances&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Stroke rehabilitation involves many kinds of health professionals. The goal is to help stroke survivors become as independent as possible and to have the best possible quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html" id="5915" language="Spanish">Recuperación de un ataque cerebral</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000071939">Stroke Rehabilitation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aphasia.html" id="1212">Aphasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html" id="6263">Hemorrhagic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" id="6248">Ischemic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<site title="American Stroke Association" url="https://www.stroke.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stroke Rehabilitation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=stroke&amp;intr=rehabilitation&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Driving after Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke/recovery/daily-living/driving-after-stroke">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emotional and Behavioral Effects of Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/emotional-effects">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Life after Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Post-Stroke Rehabilitation" url="https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/post-stroke-rehabilitation.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/rehabilitacion-posterior-al-ataque-cerebral">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stroke Rehabilitation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stroke+Rehabilitation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recovering after stroke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recovery Tips for Daily Living" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke/recovery/daily-living">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stroke Overview" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/stroke/stroke-overview" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/accidentes-cerebrovasculares">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trouble Swallowing After Stroke (Dysphagia)" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/physical-effects/dysphagia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn about stuttering, or stammering, a speech disorder that affects the flow of your speech. It is more common in children, who often outgrow it." title="Stuttering" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stuttering.html" id="3629" language="English" date-created="11/03/2003">
<also-called>Stammering</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is stuttering?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Stuttering is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;speech disorder&lt;/a&gt;. It involves interruptions in the flow of speech. These interruptions are called disfluencies. They may involve:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repeating sounds, syllables, or words&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stretching out a sound&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Suddenly stopping in the middle of a syllable or word&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, along with the stuttering, there may be nodding, rapid blinking, or trembling lips. The stuttering may be worse when you are stressed, excited, or tired.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stuttering can be frustrating, because you know exactly what you want to say, but you have trouble saying it. It can make it difficult to communicate with people. This can cause problems with school, work, and relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes stuttering?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two main types of stuttering, and they have different causes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Developmental stuttering&lt;/strong&gt; is the more common type. It starts in young children while they are still learning speech and language skills. Many children stutter when they first start talking. Most of them will outgrow it. But some continue to stutter, and the exact cause is unknown. There are differences in the brains of people who continue to stutter. Genetics may also play a role, since this type of stuttering can run in families.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Neurogenic stuttering&lt;/strong&gt; can happen after someone has a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html"&gt;head trauma&lt;/a&gt;, or other type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;brain injury&lt;/a&gt;. Because of the injury, the brain has trouble coordinating the different parts of the brain involved in speech.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for stuttering?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stuttering can affect anyone, but it is much more common in boys than girls. Younger children are most likely to stutter. About 75% of children who stutter will get better. For the rest, stuttering can continue their whole lives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is stuttering diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stuttering is usually diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist. This is a health professional who is trained to test and treat people with voice, speech, and language disorders. If you or your child stutters, your regular health care provider may give you a referral to a speech-language pathologist. Or in some cases, a child's teacher may make a referral.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, the speech-language pathologist will:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Look at the case history, such as when the stuttering was first noticed, how often it happens, and in what situations it happens&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Listen to you or your child speak and analyze the stuttering&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evaluate you or your child's speech and language abilities, including the ability to understand and use language&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask about the impact of stuttering on you or your child's life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask whether stuttering runs in the family&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;For a child, consider how likely it is that he or she will outgrow it&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for stuttering?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different treatments that can help with stuttering. Some of these may help one person but not another. You need to work with the speech-language pathologist to figure out the best plan for you or your child.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The plan should take into account how long the stuttering has been going on and whether there are any other speech or language problems. For a child, the plan should also take into account your child's age and whether he or she is likely to outgrow the stuttering.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Younger children may not need therapy right away. Their parents and teachers can learn strategies to help the child practice speaking. That can help some children. As a parent, it's important to be calm and relaxed when your child is speaking. If your child feels pressured, it can make it harder for them to talk. The speech-language pathologist will probably want to evaluate your child regularly, to see whether treatment is needed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Speech therapy can help children and adults minimize stuttering. Some techniques include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Speaking more slowly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Controlling breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gradually working up from single-syllable responses to longer words and more complex sentences&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For adults, self-help groups can help you find resources and support as you face the challenges of stuttering.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are electronic devices to help with fluency, but more research is needed to see whether they really help over the long term. Some people have tried medicines that usually treat other health problems such as epilepsy, anxiety, or depression. But these medicines are not approved for stuttering, and they often have side effects.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stuttering.html" id="3630" language="Spanish">Tartamudez</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013342">Stuttering</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stuttering.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Stammering</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Stuttering" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Stuttering%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disrupted Speech: Why Do We Stutter?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/disrupted-speech" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/discurso-interrumpido">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Speech Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/speech-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/speech-therapist.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How ABC News' Byron Pitts Learned to Manage Stuttering" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-abc-news-byron-pitts-learned-to-manage-stuttering" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-aprendio-byron-pitts-de-abc-news-a-controlar-y-aceptar-la-tartamudez">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="If You Think Your Child Is Stuttering..." url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/if-you-think-your-child-stuttering" language-mapped-url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/sites/default/files/Migrate/0048sius.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Stuttering Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Stuttering%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Speech-Language Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-therapy.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001427.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/el-tartamudeo">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stutter.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stutter.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering and Speech Problems (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/stuttering.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering and Tourette's Syndrome" url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/stuttering-and-tourettes-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.tartamudez.org/sites/default/files/Migrate/Stuttering_TourettesSyndrome_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Stuttering Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Go to Speech Therapy?" url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/why-go-speech-therapy">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Stuttering Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="In sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), an irregular heart rhythm causes the heart to stop beating. Without quick treatment, it causes sudden cardiac death. Find out more." title="Sudden Cardiac Arrest" url="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html" id="4266" language="English" date-created="12/08/2005">
<also-called>SCA</also-called>
<also-called>Sudden cardiac death</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heart suddenly stops beating. When that happens, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs. If it is not treated, SCA usually causes death within minutes. But quick treatment with a defibrillator may be lifesaving.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) different from a heart attack?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt; is different from an SCA. A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked. During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn't suddenly stop beating. With an SCA, the heart stops beating.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes an SCA can happen after or during recovery from a heart attack.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your heart has an electrical system that controls the rate and rhythm of your heartbeat.  An SCA can happen when the heart's electrical system is not working right and causes irregular heartbeats. Irregular heartbeats are called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmias&lt;/a&gt;. There are different types. They may cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. Some can cause the heart to stop pumping blood to the body; this is the type that causes SCA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Certain diseases and conditions can cause the electrical problems that lead to SCA. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ventricular fibrillation&lt;/strong&gt;, a type of arrhythmia where the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) don't beat normally. Instead, they beat very fast and very irregularly. They can't pump blood to the body. This causes most SCAs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="coronaryarterydisease.html" tid="1276"&gt;Coronary artery disease (CAD)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, also called ischemic heart disease. CAD happens when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It is often caused by the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;buildup of plaque&lt;/a&gt;, a waxy substance, inside the lining of larger coronary arteries. The plaque blocks some or all of the blood flow to the heart.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some types of &lt;strong&gt;physical stress&lt;/strong&gt; can cause your heart's electrical system to fail, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Intense physical activity in which your body releases the hormone adrenaline. This hormone can trigger SCA in people who have heart problems.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Very low blood levels of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html"&gt;potassium&lt;/a&gt; or magnesium. These minerals play an important role in your heart's electrical system.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Major blood loss&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Severe lack of oxygen&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Certain inherited disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which can cause arrhythmias or problems with the structure of your heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structural changes in the heart&lt;/strong&gt;, such as an enlarged heart due to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; or advanced heart disease. Heart infections can also cause changes to the structure of the heart.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are at higher risk for SCA if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have coronary artery disease (CAD). Most people with SCA have CAD. But CAD usually doesn't cause symptoms, so they may not know that they have it.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older; your risk increases with age&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a man; it is more common in men than women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are Black or African American, especially if you have other conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, high blood pressure, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html"&gt;heart failure&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a personal history of heartbeats that aren't regular (arrhythmia)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a personal or family history of SCA or inherited disorders that can cause arrhythmia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a problem with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drug&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol use&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a heart attack&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have heart failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usually, the first sign of SCA is loss of consciousness (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html"&gt;fainting&lt;/a&gt;). This happens when the heart stops beating.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may have a racing heartbeat or feel dizzy or light-headed just before they faint. And sometimes people have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;chest pain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;shortness of breath&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea, or vomiting&lt;/a&gt; in the hour before they have an SCA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SCA happens without warning and requires emergency treatment. Health care providers rarely diagnose SCA with medical tests as it's happening. Instead, it is usually diagnosed after it happens. Providers do this by ruling out other causes of a person's sudden collapse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are at high risk for SCA, your provider may refer you to a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases. The cardiologist may ask you to get various &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;heart health tests&lt;/a&gt; to see how well you heart is working. He or she will work with you to decide whether you need treatment to prevent SCA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;SCA is an emergency. A person having SCA needs to be treated with a defibrillator right away. A defibrillator is a device sends an electric shock to the heart. The electric shock can restore a normal rhythm to a heart that's stopped beating. To work well, it needs to be done within minutes of the SCA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most police officers, emergency medical technicians, and other first responders are trained and equipped to use a defibrillator. Call 9-1-1 right away if someone has signs or symptoms of SCA. The sooner you call for help, the sooner lifesaving treatment can begin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should I do if I think that someone has had an SCA?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Many public places such as schools, businesses, and airports have automated external defibrillators (AEDs). AEDs are special defibrillators that untrained people can use if they think that someone has had SCA. AEDS are programmed to give an electric shock if they detect a dangerous arrhythmia. This prevents giving a shock to someone who may have fainted but isn't having SCA.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you see someone who you think has had SCA, you should give &lt;a href="cpr.html" tid="3639"&gt;cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)&lt;/a&gt; until defibrillation can be done.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who are at risk for SCA may want to consider having an AED at home. Ask your cardiologist to help you decide whether having an AED in your home might help you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments after surviving sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you survive SCA, you'll likely be admitted to a hospital for ongoing care and treatment. In the hospital, your medical team will closely watch your heart. They may give you medicines to try to reduce the risk of another SCA.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;They will also try to find out what caused your SCA. If you're diagnosed with coronary artery disease, you may have an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplasty&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html"&gt;coronary artery bypass surgery&lt;/a&gt;. These procedures help restore blood flow through narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, people who have had SCA get a device called an &lt;a href="pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" tid="3447"&gt;implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)&lt;/a&gt;. This small device is surgically placed under the skin in your chest or abdomen. An ICD uses electric pulses or shocks to help control dangerous arrhythmias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to lower your risk of SCA by following a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html"&gt;heart-healthy lifestyle&lt;/a&gt;. If you have coronary artery disease or another heart disease, treating that disease can also lower your risk of SCA. If you have had an SCA, getting an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can lower your chance of having another SCA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html" id="4267" language="Spanish">Paro cardíaco</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006323">Heart Arrest</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html" id="147">Arrhythmia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html" id="3639">CPR</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" id="3447">Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators</related-topic>
<see-reference>Automated External Defibrillators</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cardiac Arrest</see-reference>
<see-reference>SCA</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sudden Cardiac Death</see-reference>
<site title="About Cardiac Arrest" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/about-cardiac-arrest" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/about-cardiac-arrest">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Automated External Defibrillators: Do You Need an AED?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/in-depth/automated-external-defibrillators/ART-20043909?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/in-depth/automated-external-defibrillators/art-20043909?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac arrest" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007640.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiac Arrest (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cardiac-arrest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cardiac-arrest.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causes of Cardiac Arrest" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/causes-of-cardiac-arrest" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/causes-of-cardiac-arrest">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Death, Sudden, Cardiac" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Death,+Sudden,+Cardiac%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Arrest" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Heart+Arrest%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coronary Artery Anomalies" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/coronary-artery-anomalies/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anomalias-de-las-arterias-coronarias/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="CPR: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heart Attack and Sudden Cardiac Arrest Differences" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/heart-attack-or-sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-are-they-different" language-mapped-url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks/heart-attack-or-sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-are-they-different">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Attack, Stroke, and Cardiac Arrest Symptoms" url="https://www.heart.org/en/about-us/heart-attack-and-stroke-symptoms">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Rhythm Society" url="https://www.hrsonline.org/patient-resources">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Heart Rhythm Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Treatments" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How AEDs in Public Places Can Restart Hearts" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/how-aeds-public-places-can-restart-hearts" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-los-desfibriladores-externos-automaticos-dea-en-lugares-publicos-pueden-reanimar-corazones">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Heart Works" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Cardiac Arrest" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Heart+Arrest%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Cardiac Arrest" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/sudden-cardiac-arrest/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/paro-cardiaco-subito/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Texas Heart Institute</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Death in Young People: Heart Problems Often Blamed" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/ART-20047571?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/art-20047571?p=1">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventricular Fibrillation" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ventricular-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20364523?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Defibrillators?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/defibrillators" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/desfibriladores">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Cardiac Arrest?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-arrest" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/paro-cardiaco">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Learn how to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which is the leading cause of death in children between 1 month and one year old" title="Sudden Infant Death Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html" id="504" language="English" date-created="10/18/1999">
<also-called>Crib death</also-called>
<also-called>SIDS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant younger than one year old. Some people call SIDS "crib death" because many babies who die of SIDS are found in their cribs. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;SIDS is the leading cause of death in children between one month and one year old.  Most SIDS deaths occur when babies are between one month and four months old. Premature babies, boys, African Americans, and American Indian/Alaska Native infants have a higher risk of SIDS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although the cause of SIDS is unknown, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk. These include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Placing your baby on his or her back to sleep, even for short naps. "Tummy time" is for when babies are awake and someone is watching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having your baby sleep in your room for at least the first six months. Your baby should sleep close to you, but on a separate surface designed for infants, such as a crib or bassinet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a firm sleep surface, such as a crib mattress covered with a fitted sheet &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeping soft objects and loose bedding away from your baby's sleep area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;Breastfeeding&lt;/a&gt; your baby&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making sure that your baby doesn't get too hot. Keep the room at a comfortable temperature for an adult.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking during pregnancy or allowing anyone to smoke near your baby&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html" id="2177" language="Spanish">Síndrome de muerte infantil súbita</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013398">Sudden Infant Death</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bereavement.html" id="159">Bereavement</related-topic>
<see-reference>Crib Death</see-reference>
<see-reference>SIDS</see-reference>
<site title="About Safe Sleep for Babies: Definitions &amp; Terms" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/about/terms">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/pages/Back-to-Sleep-Tummy-to-Play.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/back-to-sleep-tummy-to-play.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sudden Infant Death" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22sudden+infant+death%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions About SIDS and Safe Infant Sleep" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/FAQ">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Babies Sleep Safely" url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/features/babies-sleep.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infant Mortality" url="https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/infant-mortality/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Providing Care for Babies to Sleep Safely" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sudden-infant-death/sleep-safely/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Infant Death Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sudden+Infant+Death%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safe Sleep Environment for Baby" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/safe-sleep-environment" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/SafeSleepEnvironment-Espanol.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safe Sleep for Baby: Reducing the Risk of SIDS" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/12/safe-sleep-baby" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sueno-seguro-para-el-bebe">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safe Sleep for Your Baby: Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Causes of Infant Death" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/NICHD_Safe_to_Sleep_brochure.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/STS_Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sudden infant death syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001566.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352800?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352800?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/sids.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sudden-infant-death-with-dysgenesis-of-the-testes-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tummy Time for a Healthy Baby" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/tiempo-boca-abajo">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ways to Reduce Baby's Risk" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/reduce" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/reducir-riesgo">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Causes SIDS?" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/about/causes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is SIDS?" url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/about/sids-definition" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/que">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States. Read about the causes and treatment available, including a suicide hotline number" title="Suicide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html" id="424" language="English" date-created="06/10/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is suicide? &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Suicide is the taking of one's own life. It is a death that happens when someone harms themselves because they want to end their life. A suicide attempt is when someone harms themselves to try to end their life, but they do not die.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Suicide is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death in the United States. Both suicide and suicide attempts can have lasting harmful effects:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who survive a suicide attempt may have serious injuries that can affect their long-term health. They may also have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; or other mental health concerns.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When people die by suicide, it affects their family, friends, and community. They may feel grief, shock, anger, and guilt. Some may develop &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt; (PTSD), depression, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;. They may also be at risk for suicidal thoughts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for suicide?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Suicide does not discriminate. It can touch anyone, anywhere, at any time. But there are certain factors that can contribute to the risk of suicide, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having attempted suicide before&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Depression and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental health disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Alcohol&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drug&lt;/a&gt; use disorder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of a mental health disorder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of an alcohol or drug use disorder&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of suicide&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family violence, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;intimate partner violence&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;child abuse&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html"&gt;sexual&lt;/a&gt; abuse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having guns in the home&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being in or having recently gotten out of prison or jail&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being exposed to others' suicidal behavior, such as a family member, peer, or celebrity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medical illness, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stressful life event, such as a job loss, financial problems, loss of a loved one, a breakup of a relationship, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being between the ages of 15 and 24 years or over age 60&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the warning signs for suicide?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The warning signs for suicide include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talking about wanting to die or wanting to kill oneself&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Making a plan or looking for a way to kill oneself, such as searching online&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Buying a gun or stockpiling pills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling empty, hopeless, trapped, or like there's no reason to live&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being in unbearable pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Talking about being a burden to others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using more alcohol or drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleeping too little or too much&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Withdrawing from family or friends or feeling isolated&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Displaying extreme mood swings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Saying good-bye to loved ones, putting affairs in order&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may tell others about their suicidal thoughts. But others may try to hide them. This can make some of the signs harder to spot.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should I do if I need help or know someone who does?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you or someone you know has the warning signs for suicide, &lt;strong&gt;get help right away&lt;/strong&gt;, especially if there is a change in behavior. If it is an emergency, dial 911. Otherwise there are five steps that you can take:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ask&lt;/strong&gt; the person if they're thinking about killing themselves.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keep them safe.&lt;/strong&gt; Find out whether they have a plan for suicide and keep them away from things that they can use to kill themselves.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be there with them.&lt;/strong&gt; Listen carefully and find out what they are thinking and feeling.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help them connect&lt;/strong&gt; to resources that can help them, such as through:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Calling or texting the 988 Suicide &amp;amp; Crisis Lifeline at 988.&lt;/li&gt;
                        &lt;li&gt;Chatting through &lt;a href="https://988lifeline.org/chat/"&gt;Lifeline Chat.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;For veterans, reaching the Veterans Crisis Line by: 
                              &lt;ul&gt;
                              &lt;li&gt;Calling 988 and then pressing 1.&lt;/li&gt;
                              &lt;li&gt;Texting to 838255.&lt;/li&gt;
                              &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help-now/chat/"&gt;Chatting&lt;/a&gt; with them.&lt;/li&gt;
                              &lt;/ul&gt; 
                        &lt;/li&gt;                    
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stay connected.&lt;/strong&gt; Staying in touch after a crisis can make a difference.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Mental Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html" id="2178" language="Spanish">Suicidio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013405">Suicide</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059020">Suicidal Ideation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113">Depression</related-topic>
<site title="12 Things Parents Can Do to Help Prevent Suicide" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Ten-Things-Parents-Can-Do-to-Prevent-Suicide.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Paginas/ten-things-parents-can-do-to-prevent-suicide.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="5 Action Steps to Help Someone Having Thoughts of Suicide" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/5-action-steps-to-help-someone-having-thoughts-of-suicide" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/5-medidas">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="988 Suicide &amp; Crisis Lifeline" url="https://988lifeline.org/" language-mapped-url="https://988lifeline.org/es/inicio/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/988">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="A Journey toward Health and Hope: Your Handbook for Recovery after a Suicide Attempt" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma15-4419.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Teen Suicide" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/suicide.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/suicide.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="After an Attempt: A Guide for Taking Care of Your Family Member after Treatment in the Emergency Department" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma18-4357eng.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="After an Attempt: A Guide for Taking Care of Yourself after Your Treatment in the Emergency Department" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma18-4355eng.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants for Children and Teens" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20047502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are You Thinking about Suicide? How to Stay Safe and Find Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/ART-20048230?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/art-20048230?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Suicidal Ideation" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Suicidal+Ideation%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Suicide" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Suicide%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="End of Life: Suicide Grief" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/suicide/art-20044900?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/suicide/art-20044900?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Suicide" url="https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/facts/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find Your Local NAMI" url="https://www.nami.org/findsupport/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Suicide" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/suicide-faq" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-el-suicidio">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Get Help in a Crisis?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/crisis-support.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/crisis-support.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="My Friend Is Talking about Suicide: What Should I Do?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talking-about-suicide.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talking-about-suicide.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Suicide in Older Adults" url="https://www.mhanational.org/preventing-suicide-older-adults">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Mental Health America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Suicide%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Suicidal+Ideation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Settings for Suicide Prevention" url="https://sprc.org/settings/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide and PTSD" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/suicide_ptsd.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide and suicidal behavior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001554.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide and Suicidal Thoughts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/symptoms-causes/syc-20378048?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/suicide/symptoms-causes/syc-20378048?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Prevention" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol/prevencion-del-suicidio">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Prevention" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/get-help-now/suicide-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/get-help-now/suicide-prevention">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Prevention Information" url="https://www.dbsalliance.org/crisis/suicide-prevention-information/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Risk Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/suicide-risk-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-riesgo-de-suicidio/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicide: What to Do When Someone Is Thinking about Suicide" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/ART-20044707?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/art-20044707?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Suicide" url="https://familydoctor.org/teen-suicide/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/suicidio-adolescente/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Suicide: Understanding the Risk and Getting Help" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/09/teen-suicide" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/suicidio-en-adolescentes">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Warning Signs of Suicide" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/warning-signs-of-suicide" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/senales-de-advertencia-sobre-el-suicidio">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El suicidio es la décima causa de muerte más común en EE. UU. Entérese sobre causas y tratamiento disponible, incluyendo una línea telefónica de ayuda." title="Suicidio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html" id="2178" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el suicidio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El suicidio es quitarse la vida. Es una muerte que pasa cuando alguien se hace daño porque quiere terminar con su vida. Un intento de suicidio es cuando alguien se hace daño para intentar terminar con su vida, pero no muere.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El suicidio es una importante preocupación de salud pública y una de las causas principales de muerte en los Estados Unidos y el mundo. El suicidio y los intentos de suicidio pueden tener efectos dañinos duraderos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las personas que sobreviven un intento de suicidio pueden tener lesiones severas que pueden afectar su salud a largo plazo. También pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; u otros problemas de salud mental&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Cuando las personas mueren por suicidio, esto afecta a sus familiares, amigos y comunidades. Pueden sentir duelo, estrés agudo, enojo y culpa. Algunas personas pueden desarrollar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;estrés postraumático&lt;/a&gt;, depresión o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;. También pueden tener más riesgo de presentar pensamientos suicidas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de suicidio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El suicidio no discrimina. Puede afectar a cualquier persona en cualquier momento. Sin embargo, hay ciertos factores que pueden contribuir al riesgo de suicidio, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Haber tenido un intento de suicidio previo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastornos de salud mental&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Historia familiar de trastornos mentales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Historia familiar de trastorno por consumo de alcohol o drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Historia familiar de suicidio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Violencia familiar, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;violencia en la pareja&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html"&gt;abuso infantil&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html"&gt;agresión sexual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener armas de fuego en casa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar o haber estado recientemente en prisión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar expuesto a comportamiento suicida de otros, como un familiar, compañero o celebridad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedad crónica, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evento de vida estresante, como pérdida de trabajo, problemas financieros, pérdida de un ser querido, rompimiento de una relación, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar entre los 15 y 24 años de edad o tener más de 60 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las señales de advertencia de suicidio?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las señales de advertencia de suicidio incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar acerca de querer morir o querer quitarse la vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un plan o buscar formas de quitarse la vida, como buscar en línea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comprar un arma de fuego o almacenar pastillas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse vacío, sin esperanza, atrapado o como si no hubiera un motivo para vivir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sufrir dolor intolerable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar acerca de ser una carga para otros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar más alcohol o drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Actuar ansioso o agitado; comportarse imprudentemente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dormir muy poco o demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar a la familia o amigos o sentirse aislado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mostrar ira o hablar acerca de venganza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mostrar cambios extremos de humor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Despedirse de sus seres queridos, arreglar los asuntos pendientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas pueden decir a otros acerca de sus pensamientos suicidas. Sin embargo, otros pueden ocultarlos. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil identificar las advertencias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer si necesito ayuda o conozco a alguien que la necesite?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted o alguien que conoce presenta señales de advertencia de suicidio, &lt;strong&gt;obtenga ayuda inmediatamente&lt;/strong&gt;, en especial si hay un cambio de comportamiento. Si es una emergencia, llame al 911. De otra forma, estas son cinco medidas que puede tomar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pregunte&lt;/strong&gt; a la persona si están pensando en quitarse la vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenga a la persona a salvo:&lt;/strong&gt; Averigüe si tiene un plan para quitarse la vida y mantenga a la persona alejada de cosas que puede utilizar para suicidarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quédese con la persona:&lt;/strong&gt; Escuche con atención y averigüe lo que piensan y sienten&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ayude a poner a la persona en contacto&lt;/strong&gt; con recursos que pueden asistirle, como:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Llamar o enviar un mensaje de texto a la Línea de Prevención del Suicidio y Crisis al 988 (presione 2 para español)&lt;/li&gt;
                        &lt;li&gt;Hablar a través del &lt;a href="https://988lifeline.org/es/chat/"&gt;chat de Lifeline&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Para veteranos, contactar a la Línea de Crisis para los Veteranos al: 
                              &lt;ul&gt;
                              &lt;li&gt;Llamar al 988 y presionar 1&lt;/li&gt;
                              &lt;li&gt;Enviar un mensaje de texto al 838255&lt;/li&gt;
                              &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/es/como-ayudamos/chat/"&gt;Chatear&lt;/a&gt; con el servicio&lt;/li&gt;
                              &lt;/ul&gt; 
                        &lt;/li&gt;                    
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mantenerse en contacto:&lt;/strong&gt;  El mantenerse en contacto después de una crisis puede hacer una gran diferencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html" id="424" language="English">Suicide</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848">Depresión</related-topic>
<site title="12 cosas para prevenir el suicidio que los padres pueden hacer" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Paginas/ten-things-parents-can-do-to-prevent-suicide.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Ten-Things-Parents-Can-Do-to-Prevent-Suicide.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acerca del suicido en los adolescentes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/suicide.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/suicide.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepresivos para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20047502?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a una persona con dolor emocional" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/5-medidas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/5-action-steps-to-help-someone-having-thoughts-of-suicide">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con un hijo de 14 a 18 años acerca de un intento de suicidio en la familia" url="https://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn19/docs/Talking_to_your_14-18yo_spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn19/docs/Talking_to_Teenager_Suicide_Attempt_English_2015.pdf">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con un hijo de 9 a 13 años acerca de un intento de suicidio en la familia" url="https://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn19/docs/Talking_to_your_9-13yo_spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn19/docs/Talking_to_School_Age_Child_Suicide_Attempt_English_2015.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión: Lidiar con los pensamientos suicidas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/depresion-como-tratar-los-pensamientos-suicidas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-coping-with-suicidal-thoughts/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Duelo por suicidio: Recuperarse después del suicidio de un ser querido" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/suicide/art-20044900?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/suicide/art-20044900?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del riesgo de suicidio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-riesgo-de-suicidio/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/suicide-risk-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hablemos sobre la serie &quot;Por trece razones&quot; y el suicidio en los adolescentes: consejos para los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/Media/Paginas/Talking-About-13-Reasons-Why-Teen-Suicide.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/family-life/media/pages/talking-about-13-reasons-why-teen-suicide.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Línea 988 de prevención del suicidio y crisis" url="https://988lifeline.org/es/inicio/" language-mapped-url="https://988lifeline.org/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mi amigo está hablando sobre suicidio. ¿Qué debo hacer?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talking-about-suicide.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talking-about-suicide.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre el suicidio" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-el-suicidio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/suicide-faq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del suicidio" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/get-help-now/suicide-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/get-help-now/suicide-prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del suicidio" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol/prevencion-del-suicidio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riesgo de suicidio adolescente: qué deben saber los padres" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/which-kids-are-at-highest-risk-for-suicide.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Which-Kids-are-at-Highest-Risk-for-Suicide.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Señales de advertencia sobre el suicidio" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/senales-de-advertencia-sobre-el-suicidio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/warning-signs-of-suicide">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Si usted está en crisis" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/site-info/si-usted-esta-en-crisis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio adolescente" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/suicidio-adolescente/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/teen-suicide/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio en adolescentes: Comprender el riesgo y obtener ayuda" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/suicidio-en-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/09/teen-suicide">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio y comportamiento suicida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001554.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001554.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio y comportamiento suicida" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/salud-mental/comportamiento-suicida" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/svp11-0126.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio y pensamientos suicidas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/suicide/symptoms-causes/syc-20378048?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/symptoms-causes/syc-20378048?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suicidio: Qué hacer si alguien tiene tendencias suicidas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/art-20044707?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/ART-20044707?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo recibir ayuda en plena crisis emocional?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/crisis-support.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/crisis-support.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Piensas en el suicidio? Cómo mantenerte seguro y encontrar tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/art-20048230?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/ART-20048230?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the U.S. Reduce your risk by staying in the shade and wearing protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen all year." title="Sun Exposure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html" id="1419" language="English" date-created="01/25/2001">
<also-called>Sunburn</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form of radiation. They can pass through your skin and damage your skin cells. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tanning.html"&gt;Suntans&lt;/a&gt; aren't healthy, either. They appear after the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can cause skin damage during any season or at any temperature.  They can also cause eye problems, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html"&gt;wrinkles&lt;/a&gt;, skin spots, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html"&gt;skin cancer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To protect yourself :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Stay out of the sun when it is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Wear protective clothing &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Wear wraparound sunglasses that provide 100% UV ray protection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Check your skin regularly for changes in the size, shape, color, or feel of birthmarks, moles, and spots. Such changes are a sign of skin cancer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Food and Drug Administration&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html" id="2179" language="Spanish">Exposición al sol</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013473">Sunscreening Agents</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055108">Sunbathing</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013471">Sunburn</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/sunexposure.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html" id="280">Heat Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html" id="321">Melanoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html" id="405">Skin Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tanning.html" id="6541">Tanning</related-topic>
<see-reference>Actinic Keratosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sunburn</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sunscreen</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ultraviolet Rays</see-reference>
<site title="Actinic Cheilitis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/actinic-cheilitis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinic keratosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000827.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000827.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/actinic-keratosis-solar-keratosis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Keratosis, Actinic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Keratosis,+Actinic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sunscreening Agents" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sunscreening+Agents%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cutaneous Horn" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/cutaneous-horn?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Effects of Too Much Sun" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/environmental/sun/effects.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Effects of UV Radiation" url="https://www.epa.gov/sunsafety/health-effects-uv-radiation" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/efectos-de-la-radiacion-uv-en-la-salud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Treat Sunburn" url="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/burns/treat-sunburn?NoAds">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poikiloderma of Civatte" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/poikiloderma-of-civatte?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polymorphic light eruption" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001477.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001477.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protecting Yourself from Sun Exposure" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-116/pdfs/2010-116.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2010-116_sp/pdfs/2010-116_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sun Exposure" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sunbathing%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Sunburn%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Sunscreening+Agents%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Should You Put Sunscreen on Infants? Not Usually" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-put-sunscreen-infants-not-usually" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/debe-ponerles-protector-solar-los-bebes-por-lo-general-no">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sun Allergy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sun Damage" url="https://www.skinsight.com/disease-groups/sun-damage?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sun Safety Facts" url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/sun-safety/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/sun-safety/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sun's effect on skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000125.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sun, UV Light, and Your Eyes" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/sun" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/el-sol-la-radiacion-uv-y-sus-ojos">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sunburn" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/sunburn?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sunburn" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sunburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20355922?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sunburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20355922?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sunburn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003227.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sunscreen in the Winter?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/sunscreen-in-the-winter" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/protector-solar-en-invierno">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun" url="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Stay Safe in the Sun: From Sunscreen to Sunglasses" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-stay-safe-sun-sunscreen-sunglasses" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/consejos-para-mantenerse-seguro-bajo-el-sol-desde-la-proteccion-solar-hasta-las-gafas-de-sol">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los suplementos dietéticos contienen vitaminas y minerales. Entérese sobre la efectividad de estos suplementos y cómo usarlos en forma segura. " title="Suplementos en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html" id="3539" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2003">
<also-called>Suplementos dietarios</also-called>
<also-called>Suplementos dietéticos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los suplementos en la dieta son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html"&gt;minerales&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;hierbas&lt;/a&gt; y muchos otros productos.  Pueden encontrarse en forma de pastillas, cápsulas, polvos, líquidos y barras energéticas. Los suplementos no necesitan ser sometidos a las pruebas que requieren los fármacos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos suplementos pueden tener un papel importante en la salud. Por ejemplo, el calcio y la vitamina D son importantes para mantener unos huesos fuertes. Las mujeres embarazadas pueden tomar la vitamina ácido fólico para prevenir algunos defectos congénitos en sus bebés. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para tomar un suplemento con la mayor seguridad posible:&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dígale al médico los suplementos que consume&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No tome dosis más altas que las recomendadas en la etiqueta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consulte con su proveedor de salud sobre los suplementos que toma si se va a someter a alguna cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lea información confiable acerca del suplemento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Terapias complementarias y alternativas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html" id="3538" language="English">Dietary Supplements</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html" id="1751">Antioxidantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html" id="2781">Calcio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="1735">Medicina complementaria e integral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951">Medicina herbaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" id="1907">Ácido fólico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dieta, Suplementos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oligoelementos</see-reference>
<site title="Conozca la ciencia: Cómo pueden interactuar los medicamentos y los suplementos" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/interaccion-de-medicamentos-y-suplementos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejemplos de las interacciones de suplementos dietéticos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejemplos-de-las-interacciones-de-suplementos-dieteticos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-nutrient-interactions-and-drug-supplement-interactions-examples-of-dietary-supplement-interactions/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que debe saber sobre los suplementos para el fisiculturismo y la mejora del desempeño físico" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/fisiculturismo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="MedlinePlus: Hierbas y suplementos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/herb_All.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/herb_All.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mezclar medicamentos y suplementos dietéticos puede poner en peligro su salud" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/mezclar-medicamentos-y-suplementos-dieteticos-puede-poner-en-peligro-su-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/mixing-medications-and-dietary-supplements-can-endanger-your-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Natural no necesariamente significa seguro o mejor" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/conozca-la-ciencia/natural-no-necesariamente-significa-seguro-o-mejor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oligoelementos: Cómo actúan y dónde conseguirlos" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/oligoelementos/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/trace-elements/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos de tianeptina se han asociado a daños graves, sobredosis y muerte" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-de-tianeptina-se-han-asociado-danos-graves-sobredosis-y-muerte" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tianeptine-products-linked-serious-harm-overdoses-death">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Productos para bajar de peso, mejorar el desempeño masculino y otros más que se venden en línea o tiendas pueden ser peligrosos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-para-bajar-de-peso-mejorar-el-desempeno-masculino-y-otros-mas-que-se-venden-en-linea-o" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/weight-loss-male-enhancement-and-other-products-sold-online-or-stores-may-be-dangerous">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos alimenticios" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/medicina-complementaria-e-integral/dietary-supplements.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/complementary-and-integrative-medicine/dietary-supplements.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos alimenticios para niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/paginas/dietary-supplements-for-toddlers.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/pages/Dietary-Supplements-for-Toddlers.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos alimenticios: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/suplementos-alimenticios-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos deportivos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sports-supplements.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sports-supplements.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos dietéticos" url="https://www.fda.gov/fda-en-espanol/articulos-para-el-consumidor/suplementos-dieteticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/dietary-supplements-tips-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos dietéticos" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vitaminas/suplementos-dieteticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vitamins-and-supplements/dietary-supplements-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos dietéticos para mejorar el ejercicio y el rendimiento físico" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-Consumer/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos dietéticos: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WYNTK-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos multivitamínicos/minerales" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso adecuado de los suplementos dietéticos" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/uso-adecuado-de-los-suplementos-dieteticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/using-dietary-supplements-wisely">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es seguro el kratom?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/es-seguro-el-kratom" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/08/kratom-safe">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesita suplementos dietéticos? Vitaminas, minerales y más" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/necesita-suplementos-dieteticos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/12/do-you-need-dietary-supplements">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los probióticos y los prebióticos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/probiotics/faq-20058065?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/probiotics/faq-20058065?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are many reasons to have surgery, ranging from pain prevention to body adjustments. However, there are risks associated with it. Read about them" title="Surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html" id="426" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<also-called>Operation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;There are many reasons to have surgery. Some operations can relieve or prevent pain. Others can reduce a symptom of a problem or improve some body function. Some surgeries are done to find a problem. For example, a surgeon may do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;, which involves removing a piece of tissue to examine under a microscope. Some surgeries, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html"&gt;heart surgery&lt;/a&gt;, can save your life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some operations that once needed large incisions (cuts in the body) can now be done using much smaller cuts. This is called laparoscopic surgery. Surgeons insert a thin tube with a camera to see, and use small tools to do the surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aftersurgery.html"&gt;After surgery&lt;/a&gt; there can be a risk of complications, including infection, too much bleeding, reaction to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html"&gt;anesthesia&lt;/a&gt;, or accidental injury. There is almost always some pain with surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html" id="2180" language="Spanish">Cirugía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013514">Surgical Procedures, Operative</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/surgery.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aftersurgery.html" id="5419">After Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html" id="140">Anesthesia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html" id="4119">Heart Surgery</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462">Organ Transplantation</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/plasticandcosmeticsurgery.html" id="38">Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery</related-topic>
<see-reference>Operation</see-reference>
<see-reference>Second Opinion</see-reference>
<site title="Blood donation before surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: General Surgery" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22General+Surgery%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Surgical Procedures, Operative" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Surgical+Procedures,+Operative%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Surgeon" url="https://www.facs.org/find-a-surgeon/?page=1">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Interventional Radiologist" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/doctor-finder/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting an Accurate Read on Pulse Oximeters" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/getting-an-accurate-read-on-pulse-oximeters" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-obtener-una-lectura-precisa-con-oximetros-de-pulso">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting yourself healthy before surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000433.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guide to Surgical Specialists" url="https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/education/for-your-patients/prepare-your-patients-well/specialists/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Kids Get Ready for Surgery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anesthesia-prepare.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/anesthesia-prepare.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to choose the best hospital for surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007497.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic surgery - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100166_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100166_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic Surgery -- What Is It?" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/laparoscopic-surgery-what-is-it" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/cirugia-laparoscopica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laser surgery for the skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002958.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for Surgery" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/preparing-for-surgery">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for surgery when you have diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000702.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Infections when Your Child Has Surgery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preventing-infections-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/preventing-infections-surgery.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Surgical+Procedures%2C+Operative%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse Oximetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="QuestionBuilder App" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Robotic surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007339.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Science Education" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Second Surgical Opinions" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000437.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speak Up: Help Avoid Mistakes in Your Surgery" url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/speak-up/surgical_mistakes_brochure2013-5-15-2020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/deprecated-unorganized/imported-assets/tjc/system-folders/topics-library/wrong_site_brochure_spanishpdf.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Joint Commission</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Surgery" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/surgery/surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/temas-especiales/cirug%C3%ADa/cirug%C3%ADa">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests and visits before surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000479.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The day of surgery for your child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000579.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="The day of your surgery - adult" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000578.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Ventilator?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Trouble swallowing (dysphagia) can happen with a number of neurological disorders. Older adults are at higher risk. Learn about causes and therapies." title="Swallowing Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1309" language="English" date-created="06/21/2000">
<also-called>Dysphagia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have a swallowing disorder, you may have difficulty or pain when swallowing. Some people cannot swallow at all. Others may have trouble swallowing liquids, foods, or saliva. This makes it hard to eat. Often, it can be difficult to take in enough calories and fluids to nourish your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone can have a swallowing disorder, but it is more common in older adults. It often happens because of other conditions, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Nervous system disorders&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html"&gt;cerebral palsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problems with your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html"&gt;esophagus,&lt;/a&gt; including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt; (gastroesophageal reflux disease)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html"&gt;Head&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord &lt;/a&gt; injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cancer of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;head, neck&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html"&gt;esophagus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Medicines can help some people, while others may need surgery.  Swallowing treatment with a speech-language pathologist can help.  You may find it helpful to change your diet or hold your head or neck in a certain way when you eat. In very serious cases, people may need &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html"&gt;feeding tubes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1872" language="Spanish">Problemas para tragar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003680">Deglutition Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/swallowingdisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html" id="246">Esophagus Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html" id="512">GERD</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dysphagia</see-reference>
<site title="Barium Swallow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Deglutition Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Deglutition+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dysphagia" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/dysphagia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dysphagia" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/dysphagia/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysphagia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372028?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dysphagia Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dysphagia-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-disfagia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal manometry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003884.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Globus" url="https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/upper-gi-disorders/globus/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/oculopharyngeal-muscular-dystrophy">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oromandibular Dystonia" url="https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/types-dystonia/oromandibular/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Dystonia Medical Research Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Painful swallowing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003116.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Deglutition+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000126.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing difficulty" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007543.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007543.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing Disorders" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/swallowing-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/trastornos-de-la-deglucion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing Problems" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/swallowing-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/problemas-de-deglucion.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tailored Barium Swallow Study" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/tests-procedures/imaging/tailored-barium-swallow?modal=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trouble Swallowing After Stroke (Dysphagia)" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/physical-effects/dysphagia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Esophageal Manometry" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/understanding-esophageal-manometry" language-mapped-url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-manometr%C3%ADa-esof%C3%A1gica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Endoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Digestive System and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Sweating (perspiration) is how your body cools itself. Too much of it is hyperhidrosis, too little is anhidrosis. Find out what is and isn't normal." title="Sweat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html" id="1344" language="English" date-created="08/28/2000">
<also-called>Perspiration</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sweat is a clear, salty liquid produced by glands in your skin. Sweating is how your body cools itself. You sweat mainly under your arms and on your feet and palms. When sweat mixes with bacteria on your skin, it can cause a smell. Bathing regularly and using antiperspirants or deodorants can help control the odor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sweating a lot is normal when it is hot or when you exercise, are anxious, or have a fever. It also happens during menopause. If you often sweat too much, it's called hyperhidrosis. Causes include thyroid or nervous system disorders, low blood sugar, or another health problem. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sweating too little, anhidrosis, can be life-threatening because your body can overheat. Causes of anhidrosis include dehydration, burns, and some skin and nerve disorders.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html" id="2181" language="Spanish">Transpiración</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013542">Sweat</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hidradenitissuppurativa.html" id="4363">Hidradenitis Suppurativa</related-topic>
<see-reference>Body Odor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyperhidrosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Perspiration</see-reference>
<site title="Absence of Sweating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003219.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antiperspirants/Deodorants and Breast Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/antiperspirants-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-antitranspirantes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Body Odor (For Young Men)" url="https://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/body-odor/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Odor (For Young Women)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hyperhidrosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hyperhidrosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sweat Problems" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sweat%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dehydration (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/dehydration.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/dehydration.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007291.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heat Rash (Prickly Heat or Miliaria)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-rash/symptoms-causes/syc-20373276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heat-rash/symptoms-causes/syc-20373276?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hot Flashes and Sweating" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/hot-flashes-and-sweating.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/bochornos-sudoracion.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperhidrosis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/hyperhidrosis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperhidrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007259.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperhidrosis (Excessive Sweating)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperhidrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20367152?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperhidrosis: FAQs" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hyperhidrosis-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iontophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007293.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miliaria Rubra" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/miliaria-rubra?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sweat" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sweat%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Skin - clammy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003216.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smelling Sickness: Body Odor May Be Sign of Disease" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/09/smelling-sickness" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/enfermedad-que-huele">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sweating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000127.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sweating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003218.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sweating and Body Odor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sweating-and-body-odor/symptoms-causes/syc-20353895?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sweating-and-body-odor/symptoms-causes/syc-20353895?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Can I Do About Sweating?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/expert-sweating.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Sweat?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sweat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sweat.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. It causes sores on the genitals, rectum, or mouth. Read about testing, prevention, and treatment." title="Syphilis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/syphilis.html" id="3017" language="English" date-created="12/02/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Syphilis is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI) caused by bacteria. It infects the genital area, lips, mouth, or anus of both men and women. You usually get syphilis from sexual contact with someone who has it. It can also pass from mother to baby during pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The early stage of syphilis usually causes a single, small, painless sore. Sometimes it causes swelling in nearby lymph nodes. If you do not treat it, syphilis usually causes a non-itchy skin rash, often on your hands and feet. Many people do not notice symptoms for years. Symptoms can go away and come back.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;The sores caused by syphilis make it easier to get or give someone &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; during sex. If you are pregnant, syphilis can cause complications, or you could lose your baby. In rare cases, syphilis causes serious health problems and even death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Syphilis is easy to cure with antibiotics if you catch it early. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading syphilis. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html" id="3018" language="Spanish">Sífilis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013587">Syphilis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<site title="About Syphilis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/es/about/acerca-de-la-sifilis.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/chlamydia-gonorrhea-and-syphilis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Syphilis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Syphilis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Congenital syphilis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001344.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF-VDRL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003623.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003623.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FTA-ABS blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003512.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General paresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000748.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gumma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000859.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Interstitial keratitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001609.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neurosyphilis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000703.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurosyphilis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neurosyphilis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Syphilis" url="https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/primary-syphilis/?Imiw9cApl=1">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Syphilis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RPR test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003533.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/syphilis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/syphilis">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/syphilis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sifilis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-syphilis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000861.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis in Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/syphilis-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-sifilis-en-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syphilis Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/syphilis-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sifilis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Syphilitic aseptic meningitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000724.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabes dorsalis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000729.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="VDRL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003515.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003515.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="In syringomyelia, a cyst forms in your spinal cord. It gets bigger over time, destroying part of the spinal cord. Learn about causes and treatments." title="Syringomyelia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/syringomyelia.html" id="1525" language="English" date-created="08/16/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Syringomyelia is a rare disorder that causes a cyst to form in your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcorddiseases.html"&gt;spinal cord&lt;/a&gt;. This cyst, called a syrinx, gets bigger and longer over time, destroying part of the spinal cord.  Damage to the spinal cord from the syrinx can cause symptoms such as :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain and weakness in the back, shoulders, arms or legs&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Headaches&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Inability to feel hot or cold&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms vary according to the size and location of the syrinx. They often begin in early adulthood. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Syringomyelia usually results from a skull abnormality called a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html"&gt;Chiari I malformation&lt;/a&gt;. A tumor, meningitis or physical trauma can also cause it. Surgery is the main treatment. Some people also need to have the syrinx drained. Medicines can help ease pain. In some cases, there are no symptoms, so you may not need treatment.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syringomyelia.html" id="2182" language="Spanish">Siringomielia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013595">Syringomyelia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syringomyelia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Syringomyelia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Syringomyelia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exercise Concepts for Individuals with Syringomyelia" url="https://asap.org/exercise-concepts-for-individuals-with-syringomyelia/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Syringomyelia &amp; Chiari Alliance Project</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lumbar MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syringomyelia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Syringomyelia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Syringomyelia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syringomyelia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354771?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syringomyelia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/syringomyelia">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Syringomyelia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001398.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Syrinx of the Spinal Cord or Brain Stem" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/syrinx-of-the-spinal-cord-or-brain-stem" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal/siringomielia-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-o-del-tallo-cerebral">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual causada por una bacteria. Causa lesiones en genitales, recto o boca. Síntomas, tratamiento, prevención. " title="Sífilis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html" id="3018" language="Spanish" date-created="06/20/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La sífilis es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt; causada por una bacteria. Infecta el área genital, los labios, la boca o el ano y afecta tanto a los hombres como a las mujeres. Por lo general se adquiere por contacto sexual con una persona que la tiene. También puede pasar de la madre al bebé durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La etapa temprana de la sífilis suele causar una llaga única, pequeña e indolora. Algunas veces, causa inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos cercanos. Si no se trata, generalmente causa una erupción cutánea que no pica, frecuentemente en manos y pies. Muchas personas no notan los síntomas durante años. Los síntomas pueden desaparecer y aparecer nuevamente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las llagas causadas por la sífilis facilitan adquirir o contagiar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; durante las relaciones sexuales. Si está embarazada, la sífilis puede causar complicaciones. En casos raros, la sífilis causa problemas de salud serios e incluso la muerte.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si se detecta a tiempo, la enfermedad se cura fácilmente con antibióticos. El uso correcto de preservativos de látex disminuye enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de adquirir y contagiarse la sífilis. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/syphilis.html" id="3017" language="English">Syphilis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca de la sífilis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/es/about/acerca-de-la-sifilis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de reagina plasmática rápida (RPR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003533.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen FTA-ABS" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003512.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003512.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen VDRL en LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003623.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003623.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Goma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000859.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis aséptica sifilítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000724.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielopatía sifilítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000729.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000729.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurosífilis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000703.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis general" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000748.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000748.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la sífilis: Preguntas para el doctor" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/problemas-salud/infeccion-vih-otras-enfermedades-transmision-sexual/prueba-sifilis-preguntas-doctor">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba serológica para la sífilis (VDRL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003515.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003515.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de sífilis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-sifilis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/syphilis-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Queratitis intersticial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001609.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/paginas/syphilis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/pages/Syphilis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sifilis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/syphilis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/syphilis" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/syphilis">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/sifilis/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001344.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis en el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/la-sifilis-en-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/syphilis-pregnancy">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sífilis primaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000861.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Behcet se caracteriza por la inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos y causa problemas en muchas partes del cuerpo. Síntomas, tratamiento." title="Síndrome de Behcet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/behcetssyndrome.html" id="1768" language="Spanish" date-created="09/22/2008">
<also-called>Síndrome de Behçet</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Behcet es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html"&gt;inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt; y que causa problemas en muchas partes del cuerpo. Los síntomas más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Llagas en la boca &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Llagas en los órganos sexuales &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Llagas en otras regiones de la piel &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hinchazón de ciertas partes del ojo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor, hinchazón y rigidez de las articulaciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los problemas más serios pueden incluir meningitis, coágulos sanguíneos, inflamación del sistema digestivo y ceguera. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos no están seguros de cuál es la causa del síndrome de Behcet. Es poco frecuente en Estados Unidos, pero es común en el Medio Oriente y Asia. Afecta principalmente a las personas entre los 20 y los 30 años de edad. El diagnóstico puede tomarse mucho tiempo, ya que los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer y quizá pueden pasar meses o años hasta que aparezcan todos los síntomas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura. El tratamiento se enfoca en la disminución del dolor y la prevención de los problemas más graves. La mayoría de las personas pueden controlar los síntomas con el tratamiento. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/behcetssyndrome.html" id="1084" language="English">Behcet's Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Behcet, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedad de Behcet: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/behcets-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351331?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Behcet: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/behcets-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351326?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/behcets-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351326?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Behçet" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13141/enfermedad-de-behcet/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/848/behet-disease/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uveítis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la uveítis?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-la-uveitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-uveitis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Cushing es es un trastorno hormonal causado por la exposición prolongada a un exceso de la hormona cortisol. Síntomas, tratamiento." title="Síndrome de Cushing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4319" language="Spanish" date-created="07/11/2006">
<also-called>Hipercortisolismo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Cushing es es un trastorno hormonal. Es causado por la exposición prolongada a un exceso de cortisol, una hormona producida por las glándulas adrenales. Algunas veces, tomar medicinas con hormonas sintéticas para tratar una enfermedad inflamatoria conduce al síndrome de Cushing. Ciertos tipos de tumores producen una hormona que puede hacer que el cuerpo produzca demasiado cortisol. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Cushing es raro. Algunos síntomas son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Obesidad en la parte superior del cuerpo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cara redondeada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Brazos y piernas delgados &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Fatiga severa y debilidad muscular &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Aumento del azúcar en la sangre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aparición fácil de hematomas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los exámenes de laboratorio pueden diagnosticarlo y encontrar la causa. El tratamiento dependerá del motivo del exceso de cortisol. Si es porque toma hormonas sintéticas, una dosis más baja puede controlar los síntomas. Si es provocado por un tumor, puede ser necesaria una cirugía y otras terapias. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html" id="4318" language="English">Cushing's Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html" id="1724">Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales</related-topic>
<site title="Enfermedad de Cushing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000348.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de corticotropina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003693.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003693.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cortisol en orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003703.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003703.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de orina para 17-hidroxicorticosteroides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003459.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Joroba detrás de los hombros (grasa dorsocervical)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003112.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003112.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de cortisol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cortisol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cortisol-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de inhibición con dexametasona" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003694.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/el-sindrome-de-cushing">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Endocrinología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-cushing-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cushings-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000410.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cushing-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cushing-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing debido a un tumor suprarrenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000407.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing ectópico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000406.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing exógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000389.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/more_information/other-faqs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Cushing: ¿Tiene cura?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/cura" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/cure">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Cushing?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Cushing?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud el síndrome de Cushing?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el síndrome de Cushing?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/cushing/informacion/causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/causes">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de dolor regional complejo es una condición que causa dolor intenso. No tiene cura pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas.  " title="Síndrome de dolor regional complejo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="2121" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de dolor regional complejo es una afección de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;. Provoca dolor intenso, por lo general en los brazos, las manos, las piernas y los pies. Puede ocurrir después de una lesión en un nervio o en el tejido de un área afectada. Es posible que el reposo y el tiempo solamente lo empeoren.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas en el área afectada son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios extremos en la temperatura, textura y color de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor candente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mayor sensibilidad de la piel &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Inflamación y rigidez en las articulaciones afectadas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Disminución de la capacidad para mover la parte del cuerpo afectada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La causa del síndrome de dolor regional complejo se desconoce. No hay un examen de diagnóstico específico. Su doctor diagnosticará el síndrome basándose en sus síntomas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; No existe una cura. Puede empeorar con el tiempo y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo. En ocasiones, los síntomas desaparecen temporal o definitivamente. El tratamiento se enfoca en el alivio del dolor  y puede incluir medicinas, fisioterapia y bloqueos nerviosos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html" id="382" language="English">Complex Regional Pain Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html" id="2072">Dolor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Distrofia simpática refleja</see-reference>
<site title="Estimulación de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007560.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor regional complejo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007184.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007184.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor regional complejo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-dolor-regional-complejo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/complex-regional-pain-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor regional complejo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/crps-complex-regional-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371151?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crps-complex-regional-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371151?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de dolor regional complejo (también llamado distrofia simpática refleja)" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-dolor-regional-complejo" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/complex-regional-pain-syndrome">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué hace que la distrofia simpática refleja sea tan complicada?" url="https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/spanish-reflex-sympathetic-dystrophy/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Amputados de América</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Down pueden causar problemas físicos y  mentales. Cada persona con la condición es diferente. Entérese sobre factores de riesgo. " title="Síndrome de Down" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html" id="1866" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Trisomía 21</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome de Down?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Down es una afección en la que una persona tiene un cromosoma adicional o una parte adicional de un cromosoma. Esta copia adicional cambia la forma en que se desarrollan el cuerpo y el cerebro de un bebé. Esto puede causar desafíos tanto mentales como físicos durante la vida. Aunque las personas con síndrome de Down pueden actuar y verse de manera similar, cada persona tiene habilidades diferentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el síndrome de Down?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/basica/cromosoma/"&gt;cromosomas&lt;/a&gt; son pequeños "paquetes" en las células que contienen sus genes. Los genes contienen información, llamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo. Las personas con síndrome de Down tienen una copia extra del cromosoma 21. En algunos casos, pueden tener una copia extra de parte del cromosoma. Tener una copia extra de un cromosoma se llama trisomía. Por ello, en ocasiones el síndrome de Down también se conoce como trisomía 21.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, el síndrome de Down no se hereda. Ocurre por casualidad, como un error al dividirse las células durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html"&gt;desarrollo temprano del feto&lt;/a&gt;. No se sabe con certeza por qué ocurre el síndrome de Down o cuántos factores diferentes juegan un papel.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un factor que aumenta el riesgo de tener un bebé con síndrome de Down es la edad de la madre. Las mujeres mayores de 35 años tienen más probabilidades de tener un bebé con síndrome de Down.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Down?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del síndrome de Down son diferentes en cada persona, y quienes tienen síndrome de Down pueden tener distintos problemas en varios momentos de sus vidas. Suelen tener discapacidades intelectuales de leves a moderadas. A menudo, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;desarrollo se retrasa&lt;/a&gt;. Por ejemplo, pueden comenzar a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;hablar más tarde&lt;/a&gt; que otros niños.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los signos físicos comunes del síndrome de Down incluyen:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rostro plano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ojos que se inclinan hacia arriba&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cuello corto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manos y pies pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Débil tono muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Articulaciones sueltas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas causa el síndrome de Down?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas con síndrome de Down presentan los signos físicos comunes y tienen una vida saludable. Pero algunas personas con síndrome de Down pueden tener uno o más defectos de nacimiento u otros problemas de salud. Algunos de los más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html"&gt;Pérdida de la audición&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt; (trastorno que provoca que deje de respirar repetidamente durante al dormir)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones de oído&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de los ojos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;Defectos cardíacos congénitos&lt;/a&gt; (presentes al nacer)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html"&gt;Problemas digestivos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;Problemas con la parte superior de la columna&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Down?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud pueden detectar el síndrome de Down durante el embarazo o después del nacimiento de un niño.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos básicos de pruebas que ayudan a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sindrome-de-down/"&gt;detectar el síndrome de Down durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las pruebas de detección prenatales&lt;/strong&gt; pueden mostrar si su bebé por nacer tiene una probabilidad mayor o menor de tener síndrome de Down. Si una prueba de detección muestra que su bebé podría tener síndrome de Down, necesitará otra prueba para confirmarlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las pruebas de diagnóstico prenatal&lt;/strong&gt; pueden diagnosticar o descartar el síndrome de Down mediante la verificación de los cromosomas en una muestra de células&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estas pruebas tienen un pequeño riesgo de causar un aborto espontáneo, por lo que a menudo se realizan después de que una prueba de detección muestra que un bebé por nacer podría tener síndrome de Down&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Después de que nace un bebé, el profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico inicial de síndrome de Down basado en los signos físicos de la afección. El proveedor puede usar una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/"&gt;prueba genética de cariotipo&lt;/a&gt; para confirmar el diagnóstico. La prueba puede detectar cromosomas adicionales en una muestra de sangre del bebé.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Down?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe un tratamiento único y estándar para el síndrome de Down. Los tratamientos se basan en las necesidades, fortalezas y limitaciones físicas e intelectuales de cada persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los servicios tempranos en la vida se enfocan en ayudar a los niños con síndrome de Down a desarrollar todo su potencial. Estos servicios incluyen terapias del habla, ocupacionales y físicas. En general, se ofrecen a través de programas de intervención temprana en cada estado del país. Los niños con síndrome de Down también pueden necesitar ayuda o atención adicional en la escuela, aunque muchos niños asisten a clases regulares.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dado que las personas con síndrome de Down pueden tener defectos de nacimiento y otros problemas de salud, necesitan atención médica constante. Es posible que deban someterse a ciertos exámenes de salud adicionales para detectar problemas que ocurren con más frecuencia en personas con síndrome de Down.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html" id="217" language="English">Down Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Down, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mongolismo</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis de la sangre materna" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/analisis-de-la-sangre-materna.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atresia duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001131.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cariotipado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003935.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico prenatal: Amniocentesis y MVC (muestreo de las vellosidades coriónicas)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/diagnostico-prenatal-amniocentesis-y-mvc/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de translucencia nucal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007561.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información para las familias con niños con el síndrome de Down: 1 año a 5 años" url="https://downloads.aap.org/HC/Down_Syndrome/es/One_to_Five_Years-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información para las familias con niños con el síndrome de Down: 13 a 21 años de edad en adelante" url="https://downloads.aap.org/HC/Down_Syndrome/es/Thirteen_to_21_Older_Years-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información para las familias con niños con el síndrome de Down: 5 años a 13 años" url="https://downloads.aap.org/HC/Down_Syndrome/es/Five_to_Thirteen_Years-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información para las familias con niños con el síndrome de Down: Nacimiento a un mes de edad" url="https://downloads.aap.org/HC/Down_Syndrome/es/Birth_to_One_Month-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de la vellosidad coriónica o placentaria (CVS)" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/muestra-de-la-vellosidad-corionica.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/chorionic-villus-sampling.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de AFP (alfafetoproteína)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-afp-alfafetoproteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de síndrome de Down" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sindrome-de-down/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/down-syndrome-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/sindrome-de-down.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/sindrome-de-down.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/baby/down-syndrome.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11883/sindrome-de-down/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000997.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000997.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/down-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/down-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/down-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/down-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down en adultos: Cómo mantenerse saludable" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sindrome-de-down-el-sindrome-de-down-en-adultos-como-mantenerse-saludable/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/down-syndrome-in-adults-staying-healthy/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Down: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/faqs.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las causas del síndrome de Down?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes del síndrome de Down?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos comunes para el síndrome de Down?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántas personas tienen el síndrome de Down o corren riesgo de tenerlo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Risks">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el síndrome de Down?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué enfermedades o trastornos suelen asociarse al síndrome de Down?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/down/informacion/asociarse" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/associated">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios que debilitan el tejido conectivo.  No existe una cura. Síntomas y más aquí. " title="Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html" id="1880" language="Spanish" date-created="04/16/2012">
<also-called>Piel hiperelástica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (EDS, por sus siglas en inglés) es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios que debilitan el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;tejido conectivo&lt;/a&gt;. El tejido conectivo está formado por las proteínas que le brindan soporte a la piel, los huesos, los vasos sanguíneos y otros órganos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El EDS suele afectar la piel, las articulaciones y las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos. Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Articulaciones inestables &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vasos sanguíneos pequeños y frágiles &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alteración del proceso de formación de cicatrices y curación de heridas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Piel suave, aterciopelada y elástica que presenta hematomas con facilidad &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de EDS. Pueden variar de leves a peligrosos para la vida. Aproximadamente 1 de cada 5.000 personas tiene EDS. No existe una cura. El tratamiento implica el control de los síntomas. También incluye aprender a proteger las articulaciones y prevenir lesiones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html" id="1594" language="English">Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Síndrome de hipermovilidad</see-reference>
<site title="Heterotopía periventricular nodular ligada al cromosoma X" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12468/sindrome-de-ehlers-danlos-con-heterotopia-periventricular">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12323/sindrome-de-ehlers-danlos/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001468.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362149?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es un trastorno poco común que hace que el sistema inmunitario ataque el sistema nervioso periférico. Síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Síndrome de Guillain-Barré" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html" id="1927" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es un trastorno poco común que hace que el sistema inmunitario ataque el sistema nervioso periférico. Los nervios del sistema nervioso periférico conectan el cerebro y la médula espinal con el resto del cuerpo. La lesión de estos nervios dificulta la transmisión de las señales. Como resultado, los músculos tienen problemas para responder a las señales del cerebro. Nadie conoce la causa de este síndrome. Algunas veces, es desencadenado por una infección, una cirugía o una vacuna.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El primer síntoma suele ser debilidad o una sensación de hormigueo en las piernas. La sensación puede extenderse a la parte superior del cuerpo. En casos severos, el paciente queda casi paralizado. Esto puede poner en riesgo la vida de la persona. Puede ser necesario usar un ventilador mecánico para ayudar con la respiración. Generalmente, los síntomas empeoran en un período de semanas y luego se estabilizan. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Dentro de los exámenes médicos posibles se incluyen exámenes neurológicos y una punción lumbar. La mayoría de las personas se recupera. La recuperación puede tomar algunas semanas o algunos años. El tratamiento ayuda con los síntomas y puede incluir medicamentos o un procedimiento llamado intercambio de plasma.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html" id="1234" language="English">Guillain-Barre Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html" id="1764">Enfermedades autoinmunes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html" id="2084">Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html" id="2077">Parálisis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Guillain-Barré, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003929.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/polineuropatia-desmielinizante-inflamatoria-cronica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/chronic-inflammatory-demyelinating-polyneuropathy-cidp">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Polineuropatía desmielizante inflamatoria crónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000777.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000777.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003428.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Guillain-Barré" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000684.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Guillain-Barré" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-guillain-barre" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/guillain-barre-syndrome-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Guillain-Barré" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/guillain-barre-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20362793?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/guillain-barre-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20362793?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, Polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria aguda (PDIA) y sus variantes" url="https://www.gbs-cidp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/OverviewSPA.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Velocidad de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003927.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003927.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Klinefelter ocurre en hombres que tienen un cromosoma X adicional en la mayoría de sus células. El síntoma más común es la infertilidad." title="Síndrome de Klinefelter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/klinefeltersyndrome.html" id="1993" language="Spanish" date-created="06/01/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome de Klinefelter?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Klinefelter es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno genético&lt;/a&gt; que ocurre cuando un hombre nace con una copia extra del cromosoma X. El síndrome puede afectar diferentes etapas del desarrollo físico, del lenguaje y social. También suele causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el síndrome de Klinefelter?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Klinefelter no se hereda. Es causado por un error aleatorio que ocurre cuando se forma un espermatozoide o un óvulo. Este error hace que un varón nazca con un cromosoma X extra.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los cromosomas son pequeños "paquetes" en las células que contienen sus genes. Los genes contienen información, llamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo. Normalmente, usted nace con un conjunto de 46 cromosomas en cada célula, dos de los cuales son los cromosomas sexuales. Las mujeres suelen tener dos cromosomas X (XX) y los hombres suelen tener uno X y uno Y (XY). En el síndrome de Klinefelter, el varón suele tener dos cromosomas X y uno Y (XXY).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En casos raros, un hombre podría tener XY en algunas células y XXY en otras. Esto se llama síndrome de Klinefelter en mosaico. Los hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter en mosaico pueden tener menos síntomas, según la cantidad de células XY que tengan en el cuerpo y dónde se encuentren.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Klinefelter?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter pueden no tener síntomas o tener síntomas muy leves. Por ello, es posible que no sepan que tienen la afección o que no se les diagnostique de inmediato. En otros casos, los síntomas pueden ser más severos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los niños con síndrome de Klinefelter pueden ser más altos que otros niños de su edad y tener más grasa alrededor del abdomen. Después de la pubertad, pueden tener:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Testículos y pene más pequeño&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crecimiento de los senos (llamado ginecomastia)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menos vello facial y corporal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menor tono muscular&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Hombros más estrechos y caderas más anchas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Huesos más débiles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disminución del interés sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baja energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos de estos síntomas ocurren debido a la baja testosterona en el cuerpo. La testosterona es la principal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormona&lt;/a&gt; sexual masculina.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los niños con síndrome de Klinefelter también pueden tener problemas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt; o del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;lenguaje&lt;/a&gt;. Estos problemas pueden afectarlos socialmente, por lo que pueden ser tímidos y callados y tener problemas para adaptarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter son infértiles porque producen poco o nada de esperma.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Klinefelter?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una prueba genética llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/"&gt;prueba de cariotipo&lt;/a&gt; puede diagnosticar el síndrome de Klinefelter. Esta prueba puede mostrar si hay cromosomas anormales, incluso si hay un cromosoma X adicional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Klinefelter?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome no tiene cura, pero hay tratamientos disponibles. Cuanto antes se inicie el tratamiento, mejor. Si el tratamiento se inicia en la pubertad temprana, es probable que ayude a reducir los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el síndrome de Klinefelter pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia de reemplazo de testosterona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cirugía para extirpar o reducir los senos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terapia física, del habla, conductual y ocupacional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;tratamientos de fertilidad&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a los hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter a tener hijos.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/klinefeltersyndrome.html" id="1524" language="English">Klinefelter Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<site title="Cariotipado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003935.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso de la pubertad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/delayed-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/delayed-puberty.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klinefelter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000382.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000382.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klinefelter" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/klinefelter-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klinefelter: Información sobre la enfermedad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Klinefelter: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/more_information/other-faqs">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes del síndrome de Klinefelter?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los síntomas del síndrome de Klinefelter?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el síndrome de Klinefelter (KS)?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/klinefelter/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome del estrecho torácico ocurre cuando los nervios o los vasos sanguíneos justo debajo del cuello están comprimidos o apretados. Síntomas y tratamiento." title="Síndrome de la salida torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html" id="2193" language="Spanish" date-created="02/16/2017">
<also-called>Síndrome de compresión del desfiladero torácico</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome de la abertura torácica superior</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome de salida torácica superior</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome del conducto de salida torácica</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome del desfiladero torácico</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome del estrecho torácico</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome del estrecho torácico superior</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome del estrecho torácico o síndrome de la salida torácica superior causa dolor en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;hombro&lt;/a&gt;, el brazo y el cuello. Esto ocurre cuando los nervios o los vasos sanguíneos justo debajo del cuello están comprimidos o apretados. La compresión puede ocurrir entre los músculos del cuello y el hombro o entre la primera costilla y la clavícula. Puede sentir ardor, hormigueo y entumecimiento a lo largo de su brazo, mano y dedos. Si un nervio está comprimido, también puede sentir debilidad en la mano. Si una vena está comprimida, su mano puede volverse sensible al frío, o ponerse pálida o azulada. Es posible que su brazo se hinche y se canse fácilmente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Este síndrome es más común en las mujeres. Por lo general, comienza entre los 20 y 50 años de edad. Los doctores realizan pruebas de nervios y de imagen para diagnosticarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de salida torácica tiene muchas causas, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Lesiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Defectos anatómicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tumores que presionan los nervios&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Postura deficiente que causa la compresión del nervio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Movimientos repetitivos de brazos y hombros y actividad física, como por ejemplo jugar ciertos deportes&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la causa del síndrome. Los medicamentos, la fisioterapia y la relajación pueden ayudar. La cirugía también puede ser una opción. La mayoría de las personas se recupera.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html" id="1251" language="English">Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2145">Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro</related-topic>
<see-reference>Salida torácica, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de abertura torácica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353988?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de abertura torácica: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353994?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la abertura torácica superior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001434.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes del estrecho torácico" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-nervio-perif%C3%A9rico-y-trastornos-relacionados/s%C3%ADndromes-del-estrecho-tor%C3%A1cico">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido musculoesquelético" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de las piernas inquietas causa un deseo irresistible de mover las piernas, sintiéndolas incómodas, además de hormigueo o ardor. Aquí más." title="Síndrome de las piernas inquietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/restlesslegs.html" id="2126" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de las piernas inquietas causa un deseo irresistible de mover sus piernas. Sus piernas se sienten incómodas cuando se acuesta o se sienta. Algunas personas lo describen como una sensación de que algo se arrastra o trepa por sus piernas, hormigueo o un ardor. El movimiento ayuda a sentirse mejor, pero no durante mucho tiempo. El síndrome de piernas inquietas puede ocasionar problemas para quedarse y permanecer dormido. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En la mayoría de los casos, no hay una causa conocida de este síndrome. En otros, es producto de una enfermedad o un cuadro como la anemia o el embarazo. Algunas medicinas también pueden causar síndrome de piernas inquietas temporal. La cafeína, el tabaco y el alcohol pueden empeorar los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los cambios en el estilo de vida, como lo son los hábitos para dormir, las técnicas de relajación y el ejercicio moderado durante el día, pueden ser útiles. Si eso no funciona, las medicinas pueden reducir los síntomas del síndrome.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con el síndrome también padecen una afección llamada síndrome de movimientos periódicos de las piernas. Este trastorno consiste en el movimiento descontrolado de las piernas de una persona, usualmente mientras duerme. Ambos síndromes también pueden afectar a los brazos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/restlesslegs.html" id="384" language="English">Restless Legs</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Piernas inquietas, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Estudio del sueño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del sueño (polisomnografía)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep-study.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep-study.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de las piernas inquietas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-las-piernas-inquietas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/restless-legs-syndrome-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de las piernas inquietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000807.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de las piernas inquietas (RLS)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-las-piernas-inquietas-rls-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/restless-legs-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de las piernas inquietas: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377174?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de movimiento periódico de las extremidades y síndrome de piernas inquietas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-sue%C3%B1o/trastorno-de-movimiento-peri%C3%B3dico-de-las-extremidades-y-s%C3%ADndrome-de-piernas-inquietas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/sleep-disorders/periodic-limb-movement-disorder-plmd-and-restless-legs-syndrome-rls">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Movimiento perturbador de las piernas? Control del síndrome de las piernas inquietas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/movimiento-perturbador-de-las-piernas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/07/disruptive-leg-movement">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Marfan es un trastorno que afecta el tejido conectivo. Entérese sobre causas, síntomas, tratamiento." title="Síndrome de Marfan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html" id="2023" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Marfan es un trastorno que afecta el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html"&gt;tejido conectivo&lt;/a&gt;. El tejido conectivo está formado por las proteínas que le brindan apoyo a la piel, los huesos, los vasos sanguíneos y otros órganos. Una de estas proteínas es la fibrilina. El síndrome de Marfan es el resultado de un problema con el gen de la fibrilina. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Marfan puede ser de leve a severo y los síntomas pueden variar. Las personas con síndrome de Marfan suelen ser muy altas, delgadas y con articulaciones flexibles. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome de Marfan tienen problemas de corazón y los vasos sanguíneos, tales como debilidad en la aorta o fugas en las válvulas cardíacas. También pueden tener problemas con los huesos, los ojos, la piel, el sistema nervioso y los pulmones. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No hay una prueba específica para el síndrome de Marfan. Su doctor puede usar su historia clínica, historia familiar y un examen físico para diagnosticarlo. El síndrome no tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a atrasar o prevenir complicaciones. Estos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y otras terapias.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/marfansyndrome.html" id="939" language="English">Marfan Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Marfan, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Aracnodactilia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003288.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cardiopatías durante el embarazo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/salud-femenina/embarazo-complicado-por-la-enfermedad/cardiopat%C3%ADas-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía para reparar la raíz aórtica en el síndrome de Marfan" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Sp-Heart-Blood-Cardiac-Surgery.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Escoliosis y el síndrome de Marfan" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Sp-Bones-Joints-Scoliosis.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lineamientos para la actividad física (síndrome de Marfan)" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Sp-Physical-Activities-Guidelines.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.marfan.org/download/file/fid/165/Physical%20Activity%20Guidelines.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los ojos (síndrome de Marfan)" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Sp-Eyes-Marfan-Eye.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.marfan.org/download/file/fid/244/Eyes%20in%20Marfan%20Syndrome.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los pies (síndrome de Marfan)" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Sp-Bones-Joints-Marfan-Feet.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas pulmonares en el síndrome de Marfan" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Sp-Lungs-in-Marfan-Syndrome.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.marfan.org/download/file/fid/243/Lungs%20in%20Marfan%20Syndrome.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Marfan" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/marfan.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/marfan.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Marfan" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-del-tejido-conjuntivo-en-ni%C3%B1os/s%C3%ADndrome-de-marfan">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Marfan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000418.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000418.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Marfan (y el corazón)" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/sindrome-de-marfan/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Marfan A a Z" url="https://live-the-marfan-foundation-site.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Sp-Marfan-A-to-Z-Kids-Book.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Marfan: Descripción, síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/marfan-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350782?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Marfan: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/marfan-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350787?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el síndrome de Marfan?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/sindrome-de-marfan" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/marfan-syndrome">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de muerte infantil súbita es la muerte repentina e inexplicable de un niño menor de un año de edad. Entérese cómo dismunuir los riesgos. " title="Síndrome de muerte infantil súbita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html" id="2177" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Muerte en la cuna</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de muerte súbita infantil  es la muerte repentina e inexplicable de un niño menor de un año de edad. Algunas personas llaman este síndrome "muerte en la cuna" porque muchos casos de bebés muertos son encontrados en sus cunas.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de muerte súbita infantil  es la principal causa de muerte en niños entre un mes y un año de vida. La mayoría de los casos ocurre cuando los bebés tienen entre dos y cuatro meses de edad. Los bebés prematuros, varones, afroamericanos y  indioamericanos o nativos de Alaska tienen un mayor riesgo de este síndrome. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque no se conocen las causas del síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, hay formas de disminuir los riesgos. Estas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Poner a los bebés de espaldas para dormir. Ponerlos de estómago es para cuando los bebés están despiertos y hay alguien observándolos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dejar a su bebé dormir en su habitación por lo menos durante los primeros seis meses. Su bebé debe dormir cerca de usted, pero en un lugar aparte diseñado para bebés, como una cuna o un moisés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Colocarlos sobre una superficie firme al dormir, tal como un colchón de una cuna cubierto con una sábana ajustada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mantener los objetos blandos y la ropa de cama suelta alejados del área de dormir &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html"&gt;Amamantar&lt;/a&gt; al bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Asegurarse que los bebés no tengan demasiado calor. Mantenga  la habitación a una temperatura cómoda para un adulto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No fume cuando esté embarazada y tampoco deje que otras personas lo hagan cerca de su bebé&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html" id="504" language="English">Sudden Infant Death Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bereavement.html" id="1770">Pérdida de un ser querido</related-topic>
<see-reference>Muerte infantil súbita, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>SMIS</see-reference>
<site title="Boca arriba para dormir, boca abajo para jugar" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/back-to-sleep-tummy-to-play.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/pages/Back-to-Sleep-Tummy-to-Play.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener seguro a su bebé cuando duerme" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener seguro a su bebé cuando duerme: Explicamos la política de la AAP" url="https://healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/sleep/paginas/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sueño seguro para el bebé: Reducir el riesgo de SMSL" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sueno-seguro-para-el-bebe" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/12/safe-sleep-baby">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sueño seguro para su bebé" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/STS_Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/NICHD_Safe_to_Sleep_brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la muerte súbita en lactantes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sids.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001566.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SIDS): Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sids/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SMSL)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352800?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-infant-death-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352800?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Los bebés también necesitan pasar tiempo boca abajo!" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/tiempo-boca-abajo" language-mapped-url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la apariencia de un ambiente seguro para dormir?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/Documents/SafeSleepEnvironment-Espanol.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/safe-sleep-environment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántos bebés mueren a causa del síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SIDS por sus siglas en inglés) o corren riesgo de tener el SIDS?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sids/informacion/bebes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo pueden las personas que cuidan a los bebés reducir el riesgo del síndrome de muerte súbita del bebé y de otras causas de muerte relacionadas con el sueño?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/actividades-proyectos/sts/reducir-riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/reduce">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puedo reducir el riesgo de síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sids/informacion/reducir-riesgo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/sids/conditioninfo/pages/reduce-risk.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/sids/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome del ovario poliquístico ocurre cuando los ovarios o las glándulas suprarrenales producen más hormonas masculinas de lo normal. Síntomas. " title="Síndrome de ovario poliquístico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html" id="5913" language="Spanish" date-created="11/22/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es el nombre que recibe un conjunto de síntomas relacionados con un desequilibrio &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonal&lt;/a&gt;. El síndrome afecta a los ovarios, así como a muchas otras partes del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico suelen tener al menos dos de estos problemas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No ovular&lt;/strong&gt;: Normalmente, los ovarios producen el óvulo que se libera cada mes como parte de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;ciclo menstrual&lt;/a&gt; saludable. Esto se conoce como ovulación. Pero con el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, el óvulo puede no desarrollarse como debería o puede que no se libere durante la ovulación. Sus períodos pueden ser irregulares o puede que no los tenga en absoluto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Altos niveles de andrógenos&lt;/strong&gt;: Los andrógenos son importantes hormonas para el desarrollo sexual normal del hombre. En general, las mujeres producen una menor cantidad de andrógenos. Tener niveles más altos de andrógenos puede provocar que tenga más vello corporal o facial (lo que se conoce como hirsutismo)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quistes en uno o ambos ovarios&lt;/strong&gt;: Los quistes son crecimientos de pequeñas bolsas llenas de líquido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa exacta del SOP. Las investigaciones han demostrado que pueden influir diferentes factores, entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genética&lt;/strong&gt;: El SOP tiende a ser hereditario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Desequilibrios en los niveles de andrógenos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resistencia a la insulina&lt;/strong&gt;: Esta afección ocurre cuando el cuerpo no puede usar la insulina como debería. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a transportar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;glucosa en la sangre&lt;/a&gt; a las células para darles energía. La resistencia a la insulina puede causar niveles altos de glucosa en sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de ovario poliquístico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El SOP suele desarrollarse a los 11 o 12 años, cerca del momento de la primera menstruación, pero también puede presentarse más adelante.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas pueden variar de persona a persona. Algunas presentan pocos o ningún síntoma. Es posible que no sepan que tienen el síndrome hasta que presentan problemas para quedar embarazadas. Otras pueden presentar síntomas más graves.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del síndrome de ovario poliquístico pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Períodos menstruales irregulares o ausentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Demasiado vello en la cara, el pecho, el abdomen o los muslos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;Obesidad&lt;/a&gt;, aumento de peso o problemas para perder peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html"&gt;Acné&lt;/a&gt; severo que puede ser difícil de tratar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel grasa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manchas de piel oscura y engrosada (llamadas acantosis nigricans o pigmentaria)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;Infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico es una de las causas más comunes de infertilidad. Sin embargo, muchas personas con SOP pueden quedar embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué otros problemas de salud se relacionan con el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de ovario poliquístico está relacionado con muchos otros problemas de salud, entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Resistencia a la insulina, que puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html"&gt;prediabetes&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad del corazón&lt;/a&gt;: Tener síndrome de ovario poliquístico aumenta el riesgo, el que se incrementa con la edad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" tid="6784"&gt;Colesterol "malo" (LDL)&lt;/a&gt; alto y &lt;a href="../spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786"&gt;colesterol "bueno" (HDL)&lt;/a&gt; bajo. Esto aumenta el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;, un trastorno que hace que deje de respirar repetidamente al dormir&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque existe una relación entre el SOP y estas afecciones, los investigadores no saben si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El SOP causa algunos de estos problemas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunos de estos problemas causan el SOP, o&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hay otras afecciones que causan tanto el síndrome como los problemas de salud mencionados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todas las personas que tienen síndrome de ovario poliquístico presentarán todos estos problemas. Sin embargo, es posible que usted y su profesional de la salud quieran controlar su salud para detectar signos de ellos, para que puedan tratarse de manera temprana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba específica para el SOP. Para averiguar si lo tiene, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo la búsqueda de signos físicos del síndrome&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus antecedentes familiares de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede hacer un examen pélvico para verificar si hay signos de más hormonas masculinas y para ver si sus ovarios están agrandados o hinchados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que le pidan una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;ecografía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; pélvica para buscar quistes en los ovarios y controlar el grosor del endometrio (el revestimiento del útero o matriz)
&lt;li&gt;Es posible que le soliciten análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas para medir sus niveles hormonales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El SOP no tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios en el estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;: Pueden ayudar a reducir muchos síntomas. También pueden bajar el riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud relacionados o ayudar a controlarlos. Estos cambios incluyen:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Mantener un peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer actividad física regularmente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;Consumir alimentos saludables&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;anticonceptivos&lt;/a&gt; hormonales&lt;/strong&gt;, como las píldoras, las inyecciones y los dispositivos intrauterinos, pueden hacer que su período sea más regular. También pueden ayudar a eliminar el acné y la mayor cantidad de vello en su rostro y cuerpo. Pero solo los usaría si no desea quedar embarazada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos antiandrógenos&lt;/strong&gt;: Bloquean el efecto de los andrógenos. Esto puede ayudar a reducir la caída del cabello en la cabeza, el crecimiento del vello facial y corporal y el acné. Los profesionales de la salud los usan para ayudar con estos síntomas, pero los medicamentos antiandrógenos no están aprobados por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los EE. UU. (FDA) para tratar el SOP. Estos medicamentos pueden causar problemas durante el embarazo. Su proveedor de atención médica puede indicarle que los tome junto con anticonceptivos para evitar el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos sensibilizadores a la insulina&lt;/strong&gt;: Se usan para tratar la diabetes tipo 2. Mejoran la resistencia a la insulina y mantienen estables los niveles de glucosa en sangre. También pueden bajar los niveles de andrógenos. No están aprobados por la FDA para tratar el SOP, pero pueden ayudar con los síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos para el acné&lt;/strong&gt;. Estas disponibles como pastillas, cremas o geles&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamientos para la depilación&lt;/strong&gt;, como cremas depilatorias faciales, depilación láser y electrólisis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tratamientos de fertilidad&lt;/strong&gt; si tiene problemas para quedar embarazada. Incluyen medicamentos y procedimientos como la &lt;a href="../spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" tid="6243"&gt;fertilización in vitro (FIV)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html" id="5912" language="English">Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html" id="2069">Quistes ováricos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ovario poliquístico, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Diabetes y el síndrome del ovario poliquístico (PCOS)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/risk-factors/la-diabetes-y-el-sindrome-del-ovario-poliquistico-pcos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/pcos-polycystic-ovary-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de la hormona antimulleriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-hormona-antimulleriana/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anti-mullerian-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Si tengo síndrome del ovario poliquístico ¿Podré quedar embarazada?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/masinformacion/embarazada">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOPQ): Una guía para los padres" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/parents/sindrome-de-ovario-poliquistico-sopq-para-los-padres/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/parents/pcos-parent/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pcos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos (SOP): Una guía para las adolescentes" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/sindrome-de-ovarios-poliquisticos/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ovario poliquístico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000369.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ovario poliquístico" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/polycystic-ovary-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/polycystic-ovary-syndrome">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ovario poliquístico en las niñas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Paginas/polycystic-ovary-syndrome.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ovario poliquístico: ¿Puede transformarse en cáncer?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/masinformacion/cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para aliviar los síntomas del síndrome del ovario poliquístico" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/alivio" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para la infertilidad que resulta del síndrome del ovario poliquístico" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/infertilidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/treatments/infertility">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome del ovario poliquístico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el síndrome del ovario poliquístico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo/diagnose">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Hay enfermedades o trastornos asociados con el síndrome del ovario poliquístico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/masinformacion/trastornos-asociados">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el síndrome del ovario poliquístico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/causa">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos hay para el síndrome del ovario poliquístico?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Síndrome del ovario poliquístico afecta el embarazo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/PCOS/masinformacion/embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos/more_information/FAQs/pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Prader-Willi es un trastorno genético raro y provoca poca fuerza muscular, bajo nivel de hormonas sexuales y sensación constante de hambre." title="Síndrome de Prader-Willi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/praderwillisyndrome.html" id="2101" language="Spanish" date-created="12/30/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Prader-Willi es un trastorno genético poco común. Provoca disminución de la fuerza muscular, bajos niveles de hormonas sexuales y una sensación constante de hambre. La parte del cerebro que controla la saciedad o el hambre no funciona como debe en las personas con este síndrome. Ellos comen de manera excesiva, causando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los bebés con el síndrome de Prader-Willi suelen tener tejidos flojos, con poca fuerza muscular y tienen dificultades para mamar. Los niños pueden tener testículos no descendidos. Más adelante, aparecen otros signos. Entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Baja estatura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Habilidades motoras deficientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aumento de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organos sexuales poco desarrollados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Discapacidad mental leve y discapacidades en el aprendizaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para el síndrome de Prader-Willi. La hormona de crecimiento, ejercicio y asistencia nutricional puede ayudar a generar masa muscular y controlar el peso. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir hormonas sexuales y terapia conductual. La mayoría de las personas con esta afección necesitará cuidados especiales y supervisión constante durante sus vidas.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/praderwillisyndrome.html" id="1243" language="English">Prader-Willi Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Prader-Willi, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Información sobre la enfermedad: Síndrome de Prader-Willi" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Prader-Willi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001605.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Prader-Willi" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prader-willi-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355997?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prader-willi-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355997?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Prader-Willi: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/more_information/other-faqs">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las causas del síndrome de Prader-Willi?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/causes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Prader-Willi?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos del síndrome de Prader-Willi?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud el síndrome de Prader-Willi?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/prader-willi/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo/diagnose">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Rett es una rara enfermedad genética que causa problemas en el desarrollo y en el sistema nervioso, la mayoría en niñas. Síntomas. " title="Síndrome de Rett" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rettsyndrome.html" id="4273" language="Spanish" date-created="06/01/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Rett es una rara enfermedad genética que causa problemas en el desarrollo y en el sistema nervioso, la mayoría en niñas. Se relaciona con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;trastorno del espectro autista&lt;/a&gt;. Al principio, las bebés con síndrome de Rett parecen crecer y desarrollarse con normalidad. Sin embargo, entre los tres meses y los tres años detienen su desarrollo e inclusive pueden perder algunas habilidades. Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida del habla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de los movimientos de las manos, tales como agarrar las cosas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Movimientos compulsivos como retorcerse las manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de equilibrio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas respiratorios &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de conducta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de aprendizaje o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad intelectual&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Rett no tiene cura. Algunos síntomas pueden tratarse con medicinas, cirugía y fisioterapia o terapia del lenguaje. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome de Rett vive hasta la edad madura o más. Suelen necesitar cuidados durante toda su vida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rettsyndrome.html" id="4272" language="English">Rett Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html" id="1845">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="1763">Trastorno del espectro autista</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="1850">Trastornos del desarrollo</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo enfrentar un trastorno infantil raro" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-enfrentar-un-trastorno-infantil-raro" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/weathering-a-rare-childhood-disorder">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espasmos del llanto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000967.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Rett" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001536.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Rett" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-rett" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/rett-syndrome-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Rett: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rett-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377233?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Rett: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rett-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377227?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rett-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377227?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Rett: una visión general de este raro trastorno genético" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sindrome-de-rett-una-vision-general-de-este-raro-trastorno-genetico" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/rett-syndrome-an-overview-of-this-rare-genetic-disorder">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Rett?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tipos de síndrome de Rett y sus fases?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/tipos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/types">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Rett?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántas personas tienen el síndrome de Rett o corren riesgo de tenerlo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de servicios médicos el síndrome de Rett?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el síndrome de Rett?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rett/informacion/causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo/causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Reye es una enfermedad rara que puede afectar la sangre, el hígado y el cerebro de una persona que tuvo una infección viral reciente." title="Síndrome de Reye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html" id="2127" language="Spanish" date-created="03/10/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Reye es una enfermedad rara que puede afectar la sangre, el hígado y el cerebro de una persona que tuvo una infección viral recientemente. Siempre sigue a otra enfermedad. Cualquier persona puede tenerlo, aunque afecta principalmente a los niños y adolescentes. Puede aparecer rápidamente y sin signos de advertencia. Es más común en la época de gripe. Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nausea y vómitos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Desgano &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambio de personalidad: como la irritabilidad, agresividad o confusión &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Delirio &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Convulsiones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida del conocimiento &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si estos síntomas ocurren poco tiempo después de una enfermedad viral, busque atención médica inmediatamente. El síndrome de Reye puede causarle coma y muerte cerebral, de modo que el diagnóstico y tratamiento rápido es importante. El tratamiento se enfoca en la prevención del daño cerebral. No existe una cura.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La causa del síndrome de Reye no se conoce. Sin embargo, los estudios demostraron que tomar aspirina aumenta el riesgo de adquirirlo. Por ese motivo, los profesionales de la salud recomiendan otros analgésicos para los pacientes jóvenes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html" id="385" language="English">Reye Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Reye, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003369.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003369.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de amoníaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-amoniaco/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ammonia-levels/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Reye" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/reye.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/reye.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Reye" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001565.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Reye: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/reyes-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377259?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome Reye" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Paginas/Reye-Syndrome.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="En el síndrome de Sjogren, el sistema inmunitario ataca las glándulas que producen las lágrimas y la saliva. Esto provoca boca seca y ojos secos. Más aquí." title="Síndrome de Sjögren" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="2148" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome de Sjögren?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Sjögren, también llamado enfermedad de Sjögren, es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;afección autoinmune&lt;/a&gt; crónica (de larga duración). Cuando tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; ataca por error a tejidos y órganos sanos. En el síndrome de Sjögren, su sistema inmunitario ataca las glándulas que producen humedad en los ojos, la boca y otras partes del cuerpo. Esto causa &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html"&gt;boca&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html"&gt;ojos&lt;/a&gt; secos. Es posible que tenga sequedad en otros órganos que necesitan humedad, como la nariz, la garganta y la piel. La enfermedad de Sjögren también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo articulaciones, pulmones, riñones, vasos sanguíneos, órganos digestivos y nervios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el síndrome de Sjögren?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Normalmente, su sistema inmunitario protege al cuerpo de infecciones y enfermedades. Pero con el síndrome de Sjögren y otras afecciones autoinmunes, su sistema inmunitario ataca tejidos y órganos sanos. Los investigadores no saben bien qué causa que el sistema inmunitario haga esto. Pero piensan que es causada por una combinación de factores genéticos y ambientales. Los estudios han relacionado el síndrome de Sjögren con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/"&gt;cambios genéticos&lt;/a&gt; en varios genes. Algunos investigadores también piensan que la enfermedad puede ser provocada por algo en el medio ambiente. Por ejemplo, que un posible desencadenante podría ser una infección previa por un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar el síndrome de Sjögren?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con síndrome de Sjögren son mujeres. Puede tenerlo a cualquier edad, pero es más común en personas entre 40 y 50 años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Sjögren es más común en personas que padecen otras enfermedades autoinmunes como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html"&gt;lupus&lt;/a&gt;. Esto se conoce como síndrome de Sjögren &lt;strong&gt;secundario&lt;/strong&gt;. Las personas que no padecen otra enfermedad autoinmune tienen una &lt;strong&gt;forma primaria&lt;/strong&gt; del síndrome de Sjögren.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Sjögren?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Sjögren puede tener diferentes efectos en el cuerpo. No todos muestran los mismos síntomas. Algunos presentan ciclos de síntomas leves y luego serios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los dos síntomas principales son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ojos secos:&lt;/strong&gt; Es posible que le ardan los ojos, le piquen o sienta que tienen arena. A veces, su visión puede ser borrosa o las luces brillantes pueden molestarle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Boca seca:&lt;/strong&gt; Su lengua y garganta pueden sentirse secas. Es posible que tenga problemas para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;tragar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;hablar&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;saborear&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Sjögren también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, causando síntomas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor articular y muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt; en la piel de manos o pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entumecimiento u hormigueo en las manos o los pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sequedad vaginal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; seca que no desaparece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt; que no mejora&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Sjögren?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba única para el síndrome de Sjögren. Para saber si lo tiene, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hará un examen físico, que incluye comprobar si hay signos de boca seca y de enfermedades autoinmunes relacionadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede solicitar pruebas, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de los ojos para ver si produce una cantidad normal de lágrimas y para saber si sus ojos han sido dañados por la sequedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas de glándulas salivales para medir cuánta saliva produce su boca. Puede incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imágenes&lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Sjögren?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura para el síndrome de Sjögren. El tratamiento busca aliviar los síntomas. Los tratamientos pueden ser diferentes para cada persona, dependiendo de qué partes del cuerpo estén afectadas. Puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gotas para los ojos (lágrimas artificiales) o ungüentos para aliviar la sequedad en los ojos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sustitutos de la saliva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos recetados que hacen que las glándulas salivales produzcan más saliva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un procedimiento menor que coloca pequeños tapones del conducto lagrimal en las esquinas de los ojos. Los tapones bloquean el drenaje de las lágrimas para que permanezcan en los ojos por más tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para ayudar con otros síntomas causados por el síndrome de Sjögren, como medicamentos para el dolor y la inflamación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos que suprimen (debilitan) su sistema inmunitario (para casos graves)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede intentar aliviar algunos de sus síntomas chupando dulces sin azúcar, bebiendo agua con frecuencia, aumentando la humedad de su habitación y no fumando. Debido a que tener la boca seca puede aumentar el riesgo de caries, es importante cuidar bien los dientes y visitar al dentista con regularidad.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="918" language="English">Sjogren's Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html" id="1757">Artritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html" id="5799">Boca seca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html" id="5411">Lágrimas</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sjögren, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/anticuerpos-antinucleares-ana" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/antinuclear-antibodies-ana">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de la glándula salival" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003847.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca seca: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carrie Ann Inaba no permite que el síndrome de Sjögren sea un obstáculo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/carrie-ann-inaba-no-permite-que-el-sindrome-de-sjogren-sea-un-obstaculo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/carrie-ann-inaba-doesnt-let-sjogrens-syndrome-stand-in-her-way">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cinco preguntas comunes sobre la boca seca" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/cinco-preguntas-comunes-sobre-la-boca-seca" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/5-common-questions-about-dry-mouth">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prosperar con el síndrome de Sjögren" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-prosperar-con-el-sindrome-de-sjogren" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/thriving-with-sjogrens-syndrome">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factor reumatoideo (FR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003548.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003548.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lo que necesita saber sobre el síndrome de Sjogren" url="https://www.lupus.org/es/resources/lo-que-necesita-saber-sobre-el-sindrome-de-sjogren" language-mapped-url="https://www.lupus.org/resources/what-you-need-to-know-about-sjogrens-syndrome">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de factor reumatoideo (FR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-factor-reumatoideo-fr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rheumatoid-factor-rf-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de Schirmer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003501.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sjögren" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/sindrome-sjogren" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/sjogrens-disease">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sjögren" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000456.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sjögren: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sjogrens-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353221?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sjögren: Lo que usted debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sindrome-de-sjogren-lo-que-usted-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/sjogrens-syndrome-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sjögren: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sjogrens-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353216?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sjogrens-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353216?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del ojo seco" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/sindrome-del-ojo-seco" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el ojo seco?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ojo-seco" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-dry-eye">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el síndrome de Sjögren?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/sindrome-de-sjogren">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="En el síndrome de Tourette, la persona realiza movimientos o sonidos fuera de lo normal, llamados tics, con poco o ningún control sobre éstos. " title="Síndrome de Tourette" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html" id="2201" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene síndrome de Tourette, realiza movimientos o sonidos fuera de lo normal, llamados tics, con poco o ningún control sobre éstos. Algunos tics comunes son parpadear y carraspear. Es posible que repita las palabras, gire o, rara vez, diga palabras groseras repentinamente. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Tourette es un trastorno del sistema nervioso. Suele ocurrir con otros problemas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;Trastorno de atención con hiperactividad&lt;/a&gt; (TDAH)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html"&gt;Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo&lt;/a&gt; (TOC)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa del síndrome de Tourette. Es más común entre los niños que entre las niñas. Los tics suelen comenzar en la infancia y pueden empeorar al inicio de la adolescencia. Muchas personas eventualmente los superan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se necesita tratamiento a menos que los tics interfieran con la vida cotidiana. El entusiasmo o la preocupación pueden empeorar los tics. Las actividades tranquilas y focalizadas suelen mejorar los síntomas. Las medicinas y la terapia de conversación también pueden ayudar. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html" id="442" language="English">Tourette Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Tics</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tourette, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Empleo: Cómo conseguir trabajo y conservarlo" url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/overview/espanol/viviendo-con-tourette/adultos/empleo-como-conseguir-trabajo-y-conservarlo/" language-mapped-url="http://www.tsa-usa.org/aPeople/LivingWithTS/Employment.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la coprolalia: Un síntoma malentendido" url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/overview/espanol/medicos/entendiendo-la-coprolalia-un-sintoma-malentendido/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genética del síndrome de Tourette" url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/overview/espanol/medicos/la-genetica-del-sindrome-de-tourette/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otras preocupaciones y condiciones médicas relacionadas con el síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/other-concerns/otras-preocupaciones-y-condiciones-medicas-relacionadas-con-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/other-concerns/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobre el síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/about/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette y el acoso" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/other-concerns/el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette-y-el-acoso.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de la Tourette" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000733.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Tourette" url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/overview/espanol/sindrome-de-tourette-preguntas-frecuentes/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Tourette" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tourette.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tourette.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Tourette" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-de-tourette" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/tourette-syndrome-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Tourette y otros trastornos con tics en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-neurol%C3%B3gicos-en-ni%C3%B1os/s%C3%ADndrome-de-tourette-y-otros-trastornos-con-tics-en-ni%C3%B1os-y-adolescentes">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Tourette: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350470?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Tourette: lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sindrome-de-tourette-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/tourette-syndrome-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tartamudez y el síndrome de Tourette" url="https://www.tartamudez.org/sites/default/files/Migrate/Stuttering_TourettesSyndrome_spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/stuttering-and-tourettes-syndrome">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tics en público: 8 formas de manejarlos" url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/overview/espanol/viviendo-con-tourette/adultos/tics-en-publico-8-formas-de-manejarlos/" language-mapped-url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/adults-ticcing-public/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tics faciales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001410.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tics nerviosos" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Tics-Nerviosos-035.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/tic_disorders">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tics y síndrome de Tourette" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tics-y-sindrome-de-tourette-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/tics-and-tourette-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno crónico de tic motor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000745.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de tic provisional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000747.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con el síndrome de Tourette no es nada de qué avergonzarse" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/vivir-con-el-sindrome-de-tourette-no-es-nada-de-que-avergonzarse" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/living-with-tourette-syndrome-is-nothing-to-be-embarrassed-about">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Turner es un trastorno genético que afecta el desarrollo de las niñas, causando baja estatura y problemas en los ovarios. Causas, síntomas." title="Síndrome de Turner" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html" id="2208" language="Spanish" date-created="11/04/2003">
<also-called>Síndrome 45,X</also-called>
<also-called>Síndrome 45,X/46,XX</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome de Turner?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Turner es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno genético&lt;/a&gt; que afecta el 
desarrollo y la apariencia de una niña. También puede causar 
problemas de salud como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;problemas del corazón&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el síndrome de Turner?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Turner ocurre debido a un problema con un 
cromosoma. Los cromosomas son pequeños "paquetes" en sus 
células que contienen sus genes. Los genes tienen información, 
llamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo. 
Normalmente, las niñas reciben un cromosoma X de cada padre. El 
síndrome de Turner ocurre cuando falta parcial o completamente 
uno de los cromosomas X.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Turner?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Turner puede causar muchos síntomas 
diferentes. Los síntomas pueden ser leves para algunas personas. 
Pero para otras, el síndrome de Turner puede provocar serios 
problemas de salud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los síntomas del síndrome de Turner afectan la 
apariencia de una persona. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome 
de Turner son más bajas que el promedio. También pueden tener 
características físicas como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Un cuello corto y con piel adicional (cuello con pliegues o 
"palmeado")&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Una línea de nacimiento de cabello baja en la espalda&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Orejas con una posición baja&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manos y pies hinchados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con síndrome de Turner pueden nacer con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;defectos cardíacos&lt;/a&gt; y renales. En general, no tienen un desarrollo sexual típico 
y son infértiles. También corren el riesgo de tener otras afecciones 
de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;problemas de tiroides.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Turner?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los profesionales de la salud diagnostican el síndrome de 
Turner según los síntomas y un análisis de sangre genético llamado 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/"&gt;prueba de cariotipo&lt;/a&gt;. A veces, se encuentra en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html"&gt;pruebas prenatales&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Turner?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para el síndrome de Turner, pero existen 
tratamientos para algunos de los síntomas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Si se inician en la infancia temprana, a menudo 
&lt;strong&gt;inyecciones de hormonas&lt;/strong&gt; pueden aumentar la 
estatura adulta en unas pocas pulgadas&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia de reemplazo de estrógeno&lt;/strong&gt; 
(ERT) puede ayudar a iniciar el desarrollo sexual. También protege 
contra la pérdida ósea&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;tecnologías de reproducción asistida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 
pueden ayudar a algunas mujeres con síndrome de Turner a quedar 
embarazadas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que tienen síndrome de Turner necesitan controles 
de salud regulares. También es importante que cuenten con un 
equipo de atención que incluya especialistas que puedan tratar los 
problemas de salud causados por esta afección.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html" id="1504" language="English">Turner Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<site title="Radiografía: Estudio de la edad ósea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Turner" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000379.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Turner" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/turner.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/turner.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Turner" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/turner.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/turner.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Turner" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12896/sindrome-de-turner/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Turner: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/turner-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360783?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Turner: Información sobre la enfermedad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Turner: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/more_information/other-faqs">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Turner?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos comunes para el síndrome de Turner?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud el síndrome de Turner?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el síndrome de Turner?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de Usher es una enfermedad genética que causa una pérdida grave de la audición y retinitis pigmentosa, un trastorno que afecta la visión." title="Síndrome de Usher" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ushersyndrome.html" id="4369" language="Spanish" date-created="02/15/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome de Usher es una enfermedad hereditaria que causa una pérdida grave de la audición y retinitis pigmentosa, un trastorno ocular que causa un deterioro de la visión con el tiempo. Es la afección más común que afecta tanto la audición como la visión. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen tres tipos de síndrome de Usher:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las personas con tipo I son sordas de nacimiento y tienen problemas de equilibrio grave desde una edad temprana. Los problemas de visión por lo general comienzan a los 10 años y conducen a la ceguera &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las personas con tipo II tienen sordera moderada a severa y equilibrio normal. Los problemas de visión empiezan a principios de la adolescencia y empeoran más lentamente que en el tipo I &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Las personas con tipo III nacen con audición normal y equilibrio casi normal, pero desarrollan problemas a la vista y luego pérdida de la audición &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay cura. Dispositivos tales como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html"&gt;audífonos&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html"&gt;implantes cocleares&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a algunas personas. Capacitación en lenguaje Braille, servicios de baja visión o entrenamiento auditivo también puede ayudar.
 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ushersyndrome.html" id="4368" language="English">Usher Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Usher, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Enfermedades de la retina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de audición en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de la audición y sordera: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis pigmentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001029.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Usher" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13248/sindrome-de-usher/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7843/usher-syndrome/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Usher" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sindrome-de-usher" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/usher-syndrome">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el síndrome de Usher?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/el-sindrome-de-usher">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de colon irritable puede causar cólicos abdominales, distensión y cambios en los hábitos intestinales. Causas, síntomas, tratamientos." title="Síndrome del intestino irritable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="1983" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Síndrome del colon irritable</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome del intestino irritable  es un problema que afecta al intestino grueso. Puede causar cólicos abdominales, distensión y cambios en los hábitos intestinales. Algunas personas con este trastorno tienen estreñimiento, otras tienen diarrea. Algunas pasan de un cuadro de estreñimiento a uno de diarrea. Aun cuando el síndrome del intestino irritable puede causar muchas molestias, no daña el intestino. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome del intestino irritable es un cuadro común. Las mujeres lo sufren el doble más que en los hombres, y es más común en personas menores de 45 años. No se conoce la causa exacta de este síndrome, ni tampoco existe una prueba específica para diagnosticarlo. Su médico puede realizar exámenes para estar seguros que no tiene otras enfermedades. Estas pruebas pueden incluir análisis de heces, de sangre y radiografías. El médico también puede practicarle un estudio llamado sigmoidoscopía o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html"&gt;colonoscopía&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de las personas con diagnóstico de síndrome del intestino irritable puede controlar sus síntomas con dieta, manejo del estrés, probióticos y medicinas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html" id="614" language="English">Irritable Bowel Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Colon irritable, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intestino irritable, Síndrome del</see-reference>
<site title="Alimentación, dieta y nutrición para el síndrome de intestino irritable" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/alimentos-dietas-nutricion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/eating-diet-nutrition">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colon irritable: ¿qué significa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/expert-answers/spastic-colon/faq-20058473?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/expert-answers/spastic-colon/FAQ-20058473?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopía: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre mitos y realidades del SII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000246_95.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000246_40.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definición e información para el síndrome del intestino irritable" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/definicion-hechos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/definition-facts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del síndrome de intestino irritable" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dieta baja en FODMAP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000984.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibra: Cómo aumentar la cantidad de fibra en su dieta" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/fibra-como-aumentar-la-cantidad-de-fibra-en-su-dieta/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/fiber-how-to-increase-the-amount-in-your-diet/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas intestinales: Dolor, flatulencia, hinchazón y más" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de calprotectina fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="SII: Lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sii-lo-que-deber-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/ibs-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de intestino irritable" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ibs.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de intestino irritable en niños" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable-ninos/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de intestino irritable: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360064?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino irritable" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ibs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ibs.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino irritable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000246.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000246.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino irritable" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/irritable-bowel-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/irritable-bowel-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino irritable" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-del-intestino-irritable-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas del síndrome de intestino irritable" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el síndrome de intestino irritable" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sindrome-intestino-irritable/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Respondes con el intestino? Algunos consejos de cómo manejar un intestino irritable" url="https://iffgd.org/resources/en-espanol/respondes-con-el-intestinoae/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de túnel carpiano causa dolor y otros síntomas en la mano debido a la irritación de un nervio en la base de la muñeca. Síntomas, tratamientos. " title="Síndrome del túnel carpiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="1799" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome del túnel carpiano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome del túnel carpiano (o síndrome de túnel carpal) es el 
nombre de un grupo de problemas que incluye entumecimiento, 
hormigueo, debilidad o dolor en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;mano&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;muñeca&lt;/a&gt;. Es una afección 
muy común que ocurre cuando se estrecha un nervio en la muñeca.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El túnel carpiano es una angosta abertura entre los huesos de la 
muñeca y el ligamento que los mantiene unidos. Un nervio, llamado 
nervio mediano, va desde la parte inferior del brazo a través del túnel 
carpiano hasta la mano. Este nervio brinda sensibilidad al pulgar y los 
tres primeros dedos. También ayuda a mover el pulgar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tendones también se extienden a través del túnel carpiano 
desde la parte inferior del brazo hacia la mano. Los tendones conectan 
los huesos de los dedos con los músculos del brazo para que pueda 
doblar los dedos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendones se inflaman&lt;/a&gt; o irritan dentro del túnel carpiano, 
pueden presionar el nervio. Es posible que el nervio presionado no 
funcione bien, lo que puede causar entumecimiento, debilidad y otros 
síntomas del síndrome del túnel carpiano.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el síndrome del túnel carpiano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, no se conoce la causa del síndrome del túnel 
carpiano. Pero generalmente ocurre por una combinación de cosas que 
afectan las estructuras de la muñeca, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lesión en la muñeca&lt;/strong&gt; que causa hinchazón, como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;esguince&lt;/a&gt; 
o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;huesos rotos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Problemas de salud &lt;/strong&gt;que pueden afectar sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;nervios&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jointdisorders.html"&gt;articulaciones&lt;/a&gt; u otras partes de su muñeca, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;Diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;Artritis reumatoide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quiste o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html"&gt;tumor&lt;/a&gt; en la muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios en ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonas&lt;/a&gt; que pueden causar hinchazón 
debido al exceso de líquido en su cuerpo. Ejemplos incluyen 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;hipotiroidismo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con la forma en que se forma su muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hacer los mismos movimientos de muñeca y mano una y otra vez&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabajos en línea de montaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carpintería o uso de herramientas que vibren&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tejido, jardinería o deportes, como el golf&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no están seguros de si muchos años 
escribiendo o el uso de la computadora llevan a desarrollar 
síndrome del túnel carpiano.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener síndrome del túnel 
carpiano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el síndrome del túnel carpiano ocurre solo en adultos. 
Es más probable que lo presente si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Es mujer&lt;/strong&gt;: Las mujeres tienen 3 veces más probabilidades de 
tener el síndrome del túnel carpiano que los hombres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene un problema de salud&lt;/strong&gt; que puede afectar las estructuras de 
su muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hace actividades con movimientos repetitivos de las manos&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tuvo una lesión en la muñeca&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tiene un familiar cercano&lt;/strong&gt; con síndrome del túnel carpiano, como un 
padre, hermano o hermana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome del túnel carpiano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede sentir &lt;strong&gt;entumecimiento, hormigueo o ardor&lt;/strong&gt; en los dedos, 
especialmente en los dedos pulgar, índice y medio. Los síntomas 
suelen afectar a ambas manos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En las primeras etapas, los síntomas suelen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comenzar lentamente en su mano dominante (con la que 
escribe)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ocurrir por la noche si duerme con las muñecas dobladas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A medida que los síntomas empeoran, es posible que note:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hormigueo, dolor o debilidad con ciertas actividades, como 
conducir o sostener un teléfono&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dificultad para agarrar o sostener cosas pequeñas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentir que sus dedos están hinchados cuando no lo están&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sin tratamiento, podría perder la sensibilidad en algunos dedos y 
tener debilidad permanente en el pulgar. Pero el diagnóstico y el 
tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a prevenir daños duraderos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome del túnel carpiano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene síndrome del túnel carpiano, su profesional de la 
salud puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preguntar sobre su historia clínica&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html"&gt;historia de salud de su familia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacer un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solicitar pruebas si es necesario&lt;/strong&gt;, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/laboratorytests.html"&gt;Pruebas de laboratorio&lt;/a&gt; para buscar enfermedades que puedan 
dañar los nervios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografías&lt;/a&gt; para buscar huesos rotos o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html"&gt;artritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas para medir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/"&gt;actividad eléctrica en sus nervios y músculos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"&gt;Ultrasonido&lt;/a&gt; para revisar el nervio en el túnel carpiano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome del túnel carpiano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es más fácil tratar el síndrome del túnel carpiano desde el principio, 
por lo que debe comenzar el tratamiento lo antes posible. Su 
profesional de la salud tratará primero cualquier problema que tenga y 
que pueda causar sus síntomas. El siguiente paso es tratar el síndrome 
del túnel carpiano. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Férulas para la muñeca&lt;/strong&gt; (generalmente se usan por la 
noche)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Descanso&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos para reducir la hinchazón y el dolor&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;de venta libre, como aspirina, ibuprofeno y 
naproxeno sódico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;Corticoides&lt;/a&gt; recetados&lt;/strong&gt;, ya sean pastillas o una inyección en la muñeca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" tid="1735"&gt;Otras terapias (medicina complementaria e integrativa)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Las 
investigaciones muestran que el yoga puede ayudar con el dolor y 
la debilidad. Algunas personas pueden encontrar útiles la 
acupuntura y la quiropráctica, pero las investigaciones no han 
demostrado que estas terapias puedan mejorar el síndrome del 
túnel carpiano. Si desea probar otras terapias, hable primero con 
su profesional de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html"&gt;Cirugía&lt;/a&gt; para hacer más espacio en el túnel carpiano&lt;/strong&gt;: La 
cirugía puede ser una opción si sus síntomas son graves y otros 
tratamientos no funcionan. Implica cortar el ligamento de la 
muñeca para aliviar la presión del nervio. La recuperación puede 
llevar meses. El síndrome del túnel carpiano rara vez vuelve 
después de la cirugía, pero los síntomas leves pueden durar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el síndrome del túnel carpiano?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede ayudar a prevenir el síndrome del túnel carpiano si protege 
sus muñecas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Adopte una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html"&gt;buena postura&lt;/a&gt; para mantener las muñecas en una 
posición natural&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantenga sus manos temperadas para mantener sus 
músculos flexibles. Los guantes sin dedos pueden ayudar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tome descansos en el trabajo y varíe sus tareas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estire y ejercite sus manos y muñecas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html"&gt;Organice su espacio de trabajo&lt;/a&gt; y herramientas para reducir la 
tensión en sus manos y muñecas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="179" language="English">Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2239">Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2259">Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca</related-topic>
<see-reference>Túnel carpiano, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia del túnel carpiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003925.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor en la muñeca" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios para el túnel carpiano: ¿Pueden aliviar los síntomas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/expert-answers/carpal-tunnel-exercises/faq-20058125?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/expert-answers/carpal-tunnel-exercises/FAQ-20058125?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entumecimiento de los dedos: ¿Podría ser el síndrome del túnel carpiano?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/entumecimiento-de-los-dedos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/finger-numbness">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones en las articulaciones y en los tejidos blandos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liberación del túnel carpiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002976.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002976.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica del túnel carpiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100078_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100078_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del túnel carpiano" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/sindrome-del-tunel-carpiano" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/carpal-tunnel-syndrome">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del túnel carpiano" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/carpal-tunnel-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/carpal-tunnel-syndrome">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del túnel carpiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000433.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del túnel carpiano" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-del-tunel-carpiano" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/carpal-tunnel-syndrome-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome metabólico es un grupo de condiciones que lo ponen en riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad cardiaca y diabetes tipo 2. Entérese aquí. " title="Síndrome metabólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html" id="3529" language="Spanish" date-created="01/11/2006">
<also-called>Síndrome de resistencia a la insulina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome metabólico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Síndrome metabólico es el nombre de un grupo de factores de riesgo de  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; y otros problemas de salud. Usted puede tener un solo factor de riesgo, pero a menudo las personas tienen varios de ellos al mismo tiempo. Si tiene al menos tres de ellos, se llama síndrome metabólico. Estos factores de riesgo incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuerpo con "forma de manzana", también llamada obesidad abdominal. Tener demasiada grasa alrededor de la cintura es un factor de riesgo mayor para enfermedades del corazón que acumular demasiada grasa en otras partes del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un nivel alto de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglicéridos&lt;/a&gt;, un tipo de grasa que se encuentra en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener un nivel bajo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol HDL&lt;/a&gt;: En ocasiones, el HDL se conoce como colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de las arterias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;presión arterial alta&lt;/a&gt;: Si su presión arterial se mantiene alta en el tiempo, puede dañar su corazón y provocar otros problemas de salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tener un nivel alto de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html"&gt;azúcar en la sangre &lt;/a&gt; en ayunas: El nivel de azúcar en la sangre levemente alto puede ser un signo temprano de diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Cuantos más factores tenga, mayor será su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca, diabetes y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el síndrome metabólico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome metabólico tiene varias causas que actúan juntas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sobrepeso y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html"&gt;estilo de vida inactivo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Resistencia a la insulina: Afección en la cual el cuerpo no puede usar bien la insulina, una hormona que ayuda a mover el azúcar en la sangre a las células para darles energía. La resistencia a la insulina puede conducir a niveles altos de azúcar en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Edad: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genética: Origen étnico y su historia familiar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A menudo, las personas que tienen síndrome metabólico también presentan un aumento en su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coagulación de la sangre&lt;/a&gt; e inflamación en todo el cuerpo. Los investigadores no saben si estas afecciones causan el síndrome metabólico o si lo empeoran.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de síndrome metabólico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo más importantes para el síndrome metabólico son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Obesidad abdominal (una cintura grande)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estilo de vida sedentario&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Resistencia a la insulina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Ciertos grupos de personas tienen un mayor riesgo de síndrome metabólico, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos grupos raciales y étnicos: Los mexicoamericanos tienen la tasa más alta de síndrome metabólico, seguidos por los blancos y los afroamericanos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Personas con diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que tienen hermanos o padres con diabetes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de ovario poliquístico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas que toman medicamentos que causan aumento de peso o cambios en la presión arterial, el colesterol en la sangre y los niveles de azúcar en la sangre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome metabólico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los factores de riesgo metabólico no tienen signos o síntomas obvios, más allá de tener una cintura grande.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome metabólico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud diagnosticará el síndrome metabólico usando los resultados de un examen físico y análisis de sangre. Debe tener al menos tres de los factores de riesgo para ser diagnosticado con síndrome metabólico:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Una cintura grande&lt;/strong&gt;, lo que significa una medida de cintura de:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;35 pulgadas o más para mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;40 pulgadas o más para hombres&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un nivel alto de triglicéridos&lt;/strong&gt; (150 mg / dL o más)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Un nivel bajo de colesterol HDL&lt;/strong&gt;, que es:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Menos de 50 mg / dL para mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Menos de 40 mg / dL para hombres&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presión arterial alta&lt;/strong&gt;, (130/85 mmHg o más)&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Un nivel alto de azúcar en sangre en ayunas&lt;/strong&gt; (100 mg / dL o más)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome metabólico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento más importante para el síndrome metabólico es tener un estilo de vida saludable para el corazón, que incluye:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón: Esta dieta limita la cantidad de grasas saturadas y trans que consume y le insta a elegir una variedad de alimentos nutritivos, incluyendo frutas, verduras, granos integrales y carnes magras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Llegar a tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controlar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;Dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt; (o no comenzar si aún no fuma)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si estos cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos. Por ejemplo, es posible que necesite medicinas para bajar el colesterol o la presión arterial.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el síndrome metabólico?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de prevenir el síndrome metabólico es a través de cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmellitus.html" id="45">Diabetes mellitus</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html" id="3528" language="English">Metabolic Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html" id="1746">Angina de pecho</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html" id="1819">Colesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" id="1851">Diabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html" id="2059">Obesidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html" id="5785">Prediabetes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277">Trastornos metabólicos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Insulina, Síndrome de resistencia a la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Metabólico X, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Resistencia a la insulina, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>X Metabólico, Síndrome</see-reference>
<site title="Lo que usted debe saber antes de comenzar un plan para bajar de peso" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-antes-de-comenzar-un-plan-para-bajar-de-peso/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/food-nutrition/weight-loss/what-you-should-know-before-you-start-a-weight-loss-plan.printerview.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resistencia a la insulina y la prediabetes" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/que-es/resistencia-insulina-prediabetes" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome metabólico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/metabolic-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/metabolic-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome metabólico" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/sindrome-metabolico/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome metabólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007290.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007290.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome metabólico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-metabolico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/metabolic-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome metabólico" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/metabolic-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/metabolic-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el síndrome metabólico?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sindrome-metabolico" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/metabolic-syndrome">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome premenstrual es un grupo de síntomas que comienzan una o dos semanas antes de la menstruación ocasionado por cambios hormonales. Tratamiento. " title="Síndrome premenstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html" id="3794" language="Spanish" date-created="03/25/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el síndrome premenstrual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síndrome premenstrual es un grupo de síntomas físicos y emocionales 
que comienzan una o 2 semanas antes de su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;periodo menstrual&lt;/a&gt;. La mayoría de las mujeres presenta al menos algunos síntomas del síndrome 
premenstrual, los que desaparecen después de comenzar la menstruación. 
Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a severos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno disfórico premenstrual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno disfórico premenstrual (TDPM) es un tipo grave de síndrome 
premenstrual. En el TDPM, los síntomas son lo suficientemente graves como 
para interferir con su vida. Este trastorno es mucho menos común que el 
síndrome premenstrual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la causa del síndrome premenstrual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no saben exactamente qué causa el síndrome 
premenstrual. Los cambios en los niveles &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html"&gt;hormonales&lt;/a&gt; durante el ciclo 
menstrual pueden desempeñar un papel. Estos cambiantes niveles 
hormonales pueden afectar a algunas mujeres más que a otras.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual no son los mismos para todas 
las mujeres. Puede tener síntomas físicos, emocionales o ambos. Sus 
síntomas también pueden cambiar a lo largo de su vida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas físicos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón y sensibilidad de los senos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html"&gt;Acné&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hinchazón y aumento de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en las articulaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html"&gt;Estreñimiento&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html"&gt;diarrea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antojos de alimentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas emocionales pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Irritabilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios de humor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Episodios de llanto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dormir demasiado o muy poco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de concentración y memoria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menos interés en el sexo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome premenstrual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que desee ver a su profesional de la salud si sus síntomas le 
molestan o afectan su vida diaria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba única para el síndrome premenstrual. Su proveedor 
hablará con usted sobre sus síntomas, incluyendo cuándo se presentan y 
cuánto afectan su vida. Para diagnosticar el síndrome premenstrual, sus 
síntomas deben:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ocurrir durante los 5 días anteriores a su período por al menos tres ciclos 
menstruales seguidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Terminar dentro de los 4 días posteriores al comienzo de su período&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Impedir disfrutar o realizar algunas de sus actividades normales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que su profesional de la slaud desee realizar pruebas para 
descartar otras afecciones que puedan causar síntomas similares.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome premenstrual?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay un tratamiento único para el síndrome premenstrual. Si sus 
síntomas no son graves, es posible que pueda controlarlos con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;Analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; de venta libre como ibuprofeno, aspirina o naproxeno para 
ayudar a aliviar los calambres, dolores de cabeza, dolores de espalda y 
sensibilidad en los senos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer ejercicio con regularidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir bien&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consumir alimentos saludables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html"&gt;sal&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;, el azúcar y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; unas 2 semanas previas a 
su período&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos estudios han demostrado que ciertas vitaminas pueden ayudar 
con algunos síntomas del síndrome premenstrual, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B6&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas mujeres toman algunos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html"&gt;suplementos de hierbas &lt;/a&gt;para los 
síntomas del síndrome premenstrual. Sin embargo, no hay suficiente evidencia 
para comprobar que son efectivos para el síndrome premenstrual. Consulte 
con su profesional de la salud antes de tomar vitaminas o suplementos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no puede controlar los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual, su 
proveedor puede sugerirle medicamentos recetados. Estos también se pueden 
usar para tratar los síntomas del trastorno disfórico premenstrual. Incluyen:&lt;!--
p--&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Anticonceptivos&lt;/a&gt; hormonales: Pueden ayudar con los síntomas físicos del 
síndrome premenstrual. Pero a veces pueden empeorar los síntomas 
emocionales. Es posible que deba probar varios tipos diferentes de 
anticonceptivos antes de encontrar el adecuado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt; como inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de 
serotonina (ISRS): Pueden ayudar con los síntomas emocionales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diuréticos para reducir los síntomas de hinchazón y sensibilidad en los 
senos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos ansiolíticos para aliviar los síntomas de ansiedad &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html" id="3793" language="English">Premenstrual Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html" id="2033">Menstruación</related-topic>
<see-reference>Menstruación, Síndrome premenstrual</see-reference>
<see-reference>Premenstrual, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>SPM</see-reference>
<site title="Cambios mamarios premenstruales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003153.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para el síndrome premenstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000556.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor intermenstrual" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mittelschmerz/symptoms-causes/syc-20375122?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención de líquido: Alivia este síntoma premenstrual" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/water-retention/art-20044983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/water-retention/art-20044983?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome premenstrual" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome premenstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001505.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome premenstrual (SPM)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-premenstrual-spm-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/reproductive/menstrual/141.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome premenstrual (SPM) y trastorno disfórico premenstrual (TDPM)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/sindrome-premenstrual/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pms/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas premenstruales, dolores menstruales y menstruaciones irregulares" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/menstrual-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstrual-problems.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno disfórico premenstrual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007193.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno disfórico premenstrual: ¿Es diferente del síndrome premenstrual (SPM)?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/expert-answers/pmdd/faq-20058315?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/expert-answers/pmdd/FAQ-20058315?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome X frágil es la forma más común de discapacidad intelectual hereditaria. Entérese sobre síntomas y efectos que causa este síndrome." title="Síndrome X frágil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html" id="3691" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<also-called>Síndrome de Martin-Bell</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El síndrome X frágil es la forma más común de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad intelectual&lt;/a&gt; hereditaria. La enfermedad es causada por un gen específico. Normalmente, el gen produce una proteína necesaria para el desarrollo cerebral. Pero un defecto en este gen hace que una persona produzca poco o nada de dicha proteína. Esto resulta en el síntoma de X frágil.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que tienen solamente un pequeño cambio en el gen no tienen síntomas de X frágil. Las personas con cambios mayores pueden tener síntomas severos. Los mismos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de inteligencia, que van desde algunos problemas de aprendizaje hasta el discapacidad intelectual grave &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas emocionales y sociales, como la agresión en los niños o la timidez en las niñas &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con el habla y el lenguaje, especialmente entre los adolescentes masculinos &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El X frágil no tiene cura. Es posible tratar algunos síntomas con terapia educativa, de la conducta o física y medicinas. Obtener tratamiento con anticipación para el X frágil puede ser útil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una prueba genética puede diagnosticar el síndrome. El X frágil no tiene cura. Es posible tratar algunos síntomas con terapia educativa, de la conducta o física y medicinas. Obtener tratamiento temprano puede ser útil. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html" id="3690" language="English">Fragile X Syndrome</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="1850">Trastornos del desarrollo</related-topic>
<see-reference>X Frágil</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca del síndrome del cromosoma X frágil" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fragile-x-syndrome/es/about/acerca-del-sindrome-del-cromosoma-x-fragil.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amniocentesis" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/amniocentesis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/amniocentesis.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Falla ovárica prematura asociada al X frágil (FXPOI): Información sobre la enfermedad" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fxpoi/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fxpoi/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario hablado de términos genéticos" url="https://www.genome.gov/es/genetics-glossary" language-mapped-url="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muestra de la vellosidad coriónica o placentaria (CVS)" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/muestra-de-la-vellosidad-corionica.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/chorionic-villus-sampling.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preocupaciones relacionadas con el síndrome del cromosoma X frágil" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fragile-x-syndrome/es/related-concerns/preocupaciones-relacionadas-con-el-sindrome-del-cromosoma-x-fragil.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de temblor/ataxia asociado al X frágil (FXTAS)" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fxtas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fxtas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del cromosoma X frágil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001668.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001668.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del X frágil: Otras preguntas frecuentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/preguntas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/more_information/faqs">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome X frágil" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11879/sindrome-x-fragil/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome del X frágil?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/commonsymptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome del X frágil?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el síndrome del X frágil?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fragilex/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El síndrome de malabsorción ocurre cuando su intestino delgado no puede absorber los nutrientes de los alimentos. Causas, síntomas, tratamientos." title="Síndromes de malabsorción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5460" language="Spanish" date-created="06/01/2010">
<also-called>Absorción deficiente de alimentos</also-called>
<also-called>Mala absorción intestinal</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas de absorción de alimentos</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas de absorción de nutrientes</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su intestino delgado hace la mayor parte de la digestión de las comidas que usted ingiere. Si usted sufre de un síndrome de malabsorción, su intestino delgado no puede absorber los nutrientes de los alimentos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de un síndrome de malabsorción incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad celíaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html"&gt;Intolerancia a la lactosa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síndrome del intestino corto, que es el resultado de una cirugía para extirpar una gran parte del intestino delgado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedad de Whipple, una infección bacteriana rara&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedades genéticas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Algunas medicinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los síndromes de malabsorción depende de su causa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html" id="5459" language="English">Malabsorption Syndromes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802">Enfermedad celíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html" id="1997">Intolerancia a la lactosa</related-topic>
<see-reference>Absorción deficiente de alimentos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Malabsorción, Síndromes de</see-reference>
<site title="Absorción de la D-xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003606.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de heces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest8.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest8.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aparato digestivo y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/aparato-digestivo-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Elastasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/elastasa-fecal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stool-elastase/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Whipple" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000209.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enteroscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003889.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003889.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esprúe tropical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000275.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasa fecal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003588.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heces flotantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003128.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003128.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia intestinal (síndrome de intestino corto)" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Short%20Bowel%20Syndrome%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Short%20Bowel%20Syndrome%20-%20English.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la malabsorción" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/malabsorci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-malabsorci%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/malabsorption/overview-of-malabsorption">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Linfangiectasia intestinal (Hipoproteinemia idiopática)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/malabsorci%C3%B3n/linfangiectasia-intestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/malabsorption/intestinal-lymphangiectasia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Malabsorción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000299.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000299.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proliferación excesiva de bacterias en el intestino delgado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000222.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de xilosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-xilosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/xylose-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/sym-20050700?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/unexplained-weight-loss/basics/definition/SYM-20050700?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recolección de una muestra de heces para analizar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/stool-tests-done.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stool-tests-done.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del desarrollo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Bassen-Kornzweig" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001666.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de intestino corto" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/short-bowel-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino corto" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/malabsorci%C3%B3n/s%C3%ADndrome-del-intestino-corto">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del intestino corto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000237.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000237.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal inferior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los síndromes mielodisplásicos son enfermedades de las células madre en las que éstas no maduran hasta convertirse en células sanguíneas sanas. Síntomas. " title="Síndromes mielodisplásicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html" id="5551" language="Spanish" date-created="06/28/2010">
<also-called>SMD</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html"&gt;médula ósea &lt;/a&gt;es el tejido esponjoso dentro de algunos de sus huesos, tales como la cadera y huesos de los muslos. Contiene células inmaduras, llamadas células madre. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse en los glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a través de su cuerpo, los glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y las plaquetas que ayudan con la coagulación de la sangre. Si usted tiene un síndrome mielodisplásico, las células madre no maduran hasta convertirse en células sanguíneas sanas. Esto deja menos espacio para las células sanas, lo cual puede conducir a una infección, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt; o sangrado. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síndromes mielodisplásicos no suelen provocar síntomas al principio y se encuentran a veces durante una prueba de sangre de rutina. Si usted tiene síntomas, éstos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debilidad o cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Piel más pálida que de costumbre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pequeñas manchas en la piel causadas por hemorragias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre o infecciones frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síndromes mielodisplásicos son poco comunes. Las personas con mayor riesgo son las mayores de 60 años, quienes se hayan sometido a quimioterapia o radioterapia o hayan sido expuestos a ciertas sustancias químicas. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen transfusiones, medicamentos, quimioterapia y trasplante de células madre de la sangre o la médula ósea.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html" id="5550" language="English">Myelodysplastic Syndromes</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="1781">Enfermedades de la médula ósea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mielodisplásicos, Síndromes</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis de sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/analisis-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (neoplasias mielodisplásicas o mieloproliferativas)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_72" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_156">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (síndromes mielodisplásicos)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mielodisplasicos-pdq#_51" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq#_49">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de la leucemia mielógena crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/leucemia/paciente/tratamiento-lmc-pdq#_96" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/cml-treatment-pdq#_31">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadísticas importantes sobre los síndromes mielodisplásicos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo de los síndromes mielodisplásicos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre las neoplasias mielodisplásicas o mieloproliferativas" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielomonocítica crónica" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_23" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#section/_278">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucemia mielomonocítica juvenil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_39" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_294">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neoplasia mielodisplásica o mieloproliferativa no clasificada" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mds-mpd-pdq#_159" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/mds-mpd-treatment-pdq#_307">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para encontrar los síndromes mielodisplásicos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puntajes pronósticos de los síndromes mielodisplásicos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome mielodisplásico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007716.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007716.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes mielodisplásicos: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/myelodysplastic-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366980?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de síndromes mielodisplásicos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/tipos-de-sindromes-mielodisplasicos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/mds-types.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante y los síndromes mielodisplásicos (SMD)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-np01425-transplant-mds-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para los síndromes mielodisplásicos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/mieloproliferativas/paciente/tratamiento-mielodisplasicos-pdq#section/_94" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/patient/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq#_92">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible prevenir los síndromes mielodisplásicos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué avances hay en la investigación y el tratamiento de los síndromes mielodisplásicos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/new-research.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa los síndromes mielodisplásicos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los síndromes mielodisplásicos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sindrome-mielodisplasico/acerca/que-es-sindrome-mielodisplasico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/myelodysplastic-syndrome/about/what-is-mds.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchas personas que mascan tabaco o consumen rapé creen que es más sano que fumar. Pero no hace falta fumar el tabaco para que éste sea peligroso. Riesgos." title="Tabaco que no se fuma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html" id="2155" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Rapé</also-called>
<also-called>Tabaco en polvo</also-called>
<also-called>Tabaco para mascar</also-called>
<also-called>Tabaco por vía oral</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas que mascan tabaco o consumen rapé piensan que es más sano que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;fumar&lt;/a&gt;. Pero no hace falta fumar el tabaco para que éste sea peligroso. Mascarlo o consumir rapé conlleva a riesgos como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de la boca&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Caries en las raíces expuestas de los dientes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;  Retracción de las encías &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Manchas blancas o llagas rojas en la boca que pueden volverse cancerosas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estudios recientes demuestran que los peligros del tabaco que no se fuma pueden ir más allá de la boca. Su consumo también puede representar un papel en la aparición de otros cánceres, enfermedades cardíacas y derrames cerebrales. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tabaco que no se fuma contiene más nicotina que los cigarrillos. La nicotina es una droga altamente adictiva que dificulta dejar de consumir el tabaco. Determinar una fecha y un plan para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejarlo&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudarlo a abandonar el hábito exitosamente. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH:  Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html" id="1474" language="English">Smokeless Tobacco</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Tabaco de mascar</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tabaco en polvo (rapé)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tabaco por vía oral</see-reference>
<site title="Tabaco para mascar: No es un producto seguro" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/in-depth/chewing-tobacco/art-20047428?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/in-depth/chewing-tobacco/art-20047428?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaco sin humo (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/smokeless.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smokeless.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tabaco sin humo y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/tabaco/hoja-informativa-tabaco-sin-humo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/smokeless-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Fumar es horrible! (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/smoking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/smoking.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The tailbone, or coccyx, is at the bottom of your backbone, or spine. Learn about tailbone disorders and what problems cause pain in your coccyx. " title="Tailbone Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tailbonedisorders.html" id="1448" language="English" date-created="03/21/2001">
<also-called>Coccyx disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The tailbone is the small bone at the bottom of your backbone, or spine. Tailbone disorders include tailbone injuries, pain, infections, cysts and tumors.  You rarely break your tailbone. Instead, most injuries cause bruises or pulled ligaments. A backward fall onto a hard surface, such as slipping on ice, is the most common cause of such injuries.   Symptoms of various tailbone disorders include pain in the tailbone area, pain upon sitting, pain or numbness in the arms or legs due to pressure on nerves in the tailbone area, and a mass or growth you can see or feel. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tailbonedisorders.html" id="2183" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del cóccix</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003050">Coccyx</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013122">Spinal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tailbonedisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Coccyx</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pilonidal Cyst</see-reference>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pilonidal Sinus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pilonidal+Sinus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Levator Syndrome" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/levator-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-gastrointestinales/trastornos-anales-y-rectales/s%C3%ADndrome-del-elevador-del-ano">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pilonidal Cyst" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20376329?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pilonidal Cyst (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pilonidal-cyst.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pilonidal Disease" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/pilonidal-disease">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pilonidal sinus disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003253.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tailbone Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Coccyx%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+%22Spinal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sacral Dimple" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sacral-dimple/symptoms-causes/syc-20377353?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sacral-dimple/symptoms-causes/syc-20377353?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spine MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for pilonidal cyst" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007591.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tailbone Pain: How Can I Relieve It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/expert-answers/tailbone-pain/faq-20058211?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/back-pain/expert-answers/tailbone-pain/faq-20058211?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tailbone trauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000008.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000008.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tailbone trauma - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000573.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarlov Cysts" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tarlov-cysts">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Pilonidal Cysts (Gips Procedure) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pilonidal_gips_animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La talasemia es un trastorno hereditario de la sangre.  Algunas personas no tienen síntomas o presentan anemia leve. Tipos de talasemias, tratamientos. " title="Talasemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html" id="4240" language="Spanish" date-created="11/15/2005">
<also-called>Anemia de Cooley</also-called>
<also-called>Anemia mediterránea</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La talasemia es un trastorno hereditario de la sangre. Si usted tiene una, su cuerpo produce menos glóbulos rojos sanos y menos hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína que transporta el oxígeno al cuerpo. Esto conduce a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;. Las talasemias son más frecuentes entre las personas de ascendencia italiana, griega, del Medio Oriente, del sur de Asia y africana.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las talasemias pueden ser leves o graves. Algunas personas no tienen síntomas o presentan anemia leve. El tipo grave más común en Estados Unidos se denomina anemia de Cooley. Por lo general, aparece durante los primeros dos años de vida. Las personas que la desarrollan pueden tener anemia severa, crecimiento lento y pubertad tardía, y problemas en el bazo, el hígado, el corazón o los huesos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican talasemias mediante pruebas de sangre. Los tratamientos incluyen transfusiones de sangre y procedimientos para eliminar el exceso de hierro del cuerpo. Si no tiene síntomas o son leves, puede que no necesite tratamiento. En algunos casos graves puede ser necesario un trasplante de médula ósea.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html" id="4239" language="English">Thalassemia</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html" id="1743">Anemia</related-topic>
<site title="Alfa talasemia (para los padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thalassemias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thalassemias.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beta talasemia (para los padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/beta-thalassemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/beta-thalassemia.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electroforesis de hemoglobina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la fragilidad osmótica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003641.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidropesía fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007308.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007308.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talasemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354995?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354995?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talasemia" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/talasemia-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/thalassemia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talasemia" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/talasemia.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/thalassemia.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talasemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000587.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talasemia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355001?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vivir con talasemia" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/talasemias/vivir-con-talasemia">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Le han hecho una prueba para talasemia alfa?" url="https://thalassemia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AlphaSpanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación para la Anemia de Cooley</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Good communication helps you make the most of your doctor visits. Learn how to talk about your concerns and get tips on preparing for talking with your doctor." title="Talking With Your Doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3073" language="English" date-created="01/15/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;How well you and your doctor communicate with each other is one of the most important parts of getting good health care. Being prepared can help you make the most of your visit, whether it is in person or through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html"&gt;telehealth&lt;/a&gt;. Here are some things you can do to make the most of your appointment:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make lists of your concerns, any allergies and all the medicines, herbs, or vitamins you take&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Write down a description of symptoms - when they started, what makes them better, what makes them worse, etc. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask a trusted friend or family member to be with you during the appointment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take notes during your appointment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learn how to access your medical records, so you can keep track of test results, diagnoses, treatments plans, and medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask for your doctor's contact information and find out the best way to communicate with him or her&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Make sure you understand your diagnosis and any treatments. If you don't understand your doctor's responses, ask questions until you do understand. Ask your doctor for written instructions if you need them. Find out where else you can go for further information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3074" language="Spanish">Hablando con su doctor</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010817">Physician-Patient Relations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003812">Dentist-Patient Relations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009723">Nurse-Patient Relations</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/talkingwithyourdoctor.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientrights.html" id="4253">Patient Rights</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/patientsafety.html" id="616">Patient Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" id="7467">Telehealth</related-topic>
<see-reference>Communicating With Your Healthcare Provider</see-reference>
<see-reference>Second Opinion</see-reference>
<see-reference>Talk to Your Doctor</see-reference>
<site title="4 Tips: Start Talking with Your Health Care Providers about Complementary Health Approaches" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/tips-start-talking-with-your-health-care-providers-about-complementary-health-approaches">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Be More Engaged in Your Health Care: Tips for Patients" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/be-engaged/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/beinvolvedsp.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nurse-Patient Relations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nurse-Patient+Relations%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Physician-Patient Relations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=physician+patient+AND+(relations+OR+communication)&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting Health Visits in Your Preferred Language" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/health-care-language.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/health-care-language.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most From a Doctor's Visit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most Out of Your Doctor Appointment" url="https://familydoctor.org/tips-for-talking-to-your-doctor/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-para-hablar-con-su-medico/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Choose a Doctor You Can Talk to" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments/how-choose-doctor-you-can-talk">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Prepare for a Doctor's Appointment" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments/how-prepare-doctors-appointment" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/hablar-medico/como-prepararse-cita-medico">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living Well with a Serious Illness" url="https://www.acponline.org/sites/default/files/documents/patients_families/end_of_life_issues/peace/serious_ill.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Physicians</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with Multiple Health Problems: What Older Adults Should Know" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-living-multiple-health-problems-what-older-adults-should-know">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Make the most of your doctor visit" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000860.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000860.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Care and Appointments" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/publicaciones/conversando-su-medico">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking With Your Doctor" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dentist-Patient+Relations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Nurse-Patient+Relations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Physician-Patient+Relations%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="QuestionBuilder App" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/question-builder/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/es/questions/question-builder/index.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Questions Are the Answer" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/questions/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</organization>
</site>
<site title="Second Surgical Opinions" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/second-surgical-opinions">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shared decision making" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000877.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Some Common Abbreviations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Doctor (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking with Your Doctor or Health Care Provider" url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication/talking-your-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/hablar-con-su-medico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking with Your Doctor: Make the Most of Your Appointment" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/talking-your-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/consultar-a-su-medico">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking with Your Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Medical Words: A Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medwords/medicalwords.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Interactive Tutorial</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Do I Need to Tell the Doctor?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments/what-do-i-need-tell-doctor">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Should I Ask My Doctor during a Checkup?" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments/what-should-i-ask-my-doctor-during-checkup">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When you feel like changing your medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000616.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Word Parts and What They Mean" url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendixa.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Working with doctors and nurses" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/health_help/workwithhcp.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Did you know that a tan is actually sun damage? Learn about the dangers of both indoor and outdoor tanning, and how you can protect your skin." title="Tanning" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tanning.html" id="6541" language="English" date-created="06/27/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;Can a tan be healthy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people think that tanning gives them a healthy glow. But tanning, either outdoors or indoors with a tanning bed, is not healthy at all. It exposes you to harmful rays and puts you at risk for health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html"&gt;melanoma&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html"&gt;skin cancers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are UV rays, and how do they affect the skin?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sunlight travels to earth as a mixture of both visible and invisible rays. Some of the rays are harmless to people. But one kind, ultraviolet (UV) rays, can cause problems. They are a form of radiation. UV rays do help your body make &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;, but too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;exposure&lt;/a&gt; damages your skin. Most people can get the vitamin D that they need with only about 5 to 15 minutes of sun exposure two to three times a week.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of UV rays. Two of them, UVA and UVB, can reach the earth's surface and affect your skin. Using a tanning bed also exposes you to UVA and UVB.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;UVB rays can cause sunburn. UVA rays can travel more deeply into the skin than UVB rays. When your skin is exposed to UVA, it tries to protect itself from further damage. It does this by making more melanin, which is the skin pigment that makes your skin darker. That's what gives you a tan. This means that your tan is a sign of skin damage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the health risks of tanning?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since tanning means overexposure to UV rays, it can damage your skin and cause health problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Premature skin aging&lt;/strong&gt;, which can cause your skin to become thickened, leathery, and wrinkled. You may also have dark spots on your skin. These happen because long-term exposure to UV rays makes your skin less elastic. The more sun exposure you have, the earlier your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html"&gt;skin ages&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Skin cancers&lt;/strong&gt;, including melanoma. This can happen because the UV light damages the DNA of your skin cells and interferes with your body's ability to fight the cancer.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Actinic keratosis&lt;/strong&gt;, a thick, scaly patch of skin that usually forms on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, scalp, back of the hands, or chest. It can eventually become cancerous.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eye damage&lt;/strong&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;cataracts&lt;/a&gt; and photokeratitis (snow blindness)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A weakened immune system&lt;/strong&gt;, which can increase your sensitivity to sunlight, decrease the effects of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;vaccines&lt;/a&gt;, and cause you to have reactions to certain medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What should I do to protect my skin from UV rays?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limit sun exposure&lt;/strong&gt;. Try to stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when its rays are strongest. But remember that you still get sun exposure when you are outside on cloudy days or are in the shade.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use sunscreen&lt;/strong&gt; with sun protective factor (SPF) 15 or higher. It should also be a broad-spectrum sunscreen, which means that it gives you both UVA and UVB protection. If you have very light skin, use SPF 30 or higher. Apply sunscreen 20-30 minutes before going outside and reapply it at least every 2 hours.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wear sunglasses&lt;/strong&gt; that block both UVA and UVB rays. Wrap-around sunglasses work best because they block UV rays from sneaking in from the side.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wear a hat&lt;/strong&gt;. You can get the best protection with a wide-brimmed hat that is made out of a tightly woven fabric, such as canvas.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wear protective clothing&lt;/strong&gt; such as long-sleeved shirts and long pants and skirts. Clothes made from tightly woven fabric offer the best protection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is also important to check your skin once a month. If you do see any new or changing spots or moles, go see your health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Isn't indoor tanning safer than tanning in the sun?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Indoor tanning is not better than tanning in the sun; it also exposes you to UV rays and damages your skin. Tanning beds use UVA light, so they expose you to a higher concentration of UVA rays than you would get by tanning in the sun. Tanning lights also expose you to some UVB rays.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some people think that getting a "base tan" in a tanning salon can protect you when you go in the sun. But a "base tan" causes damage to your skin and will not prevent you from getting sunburn when you go outside.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Indoor tanning is particularly dangerous for younger people. You have a higher risk of melanoma if you started doing indoor tanning while you were a teen or young adult.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some research shows that frequent tanning may even be addictive. This can be dangerous because the more often you tan, the more damage you do to your skin.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Are there safer ways to look tan?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are other ways to look tan, but they are not all safe:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tanning pills&lt;/strong&gt; have a color additive that turns your skin orange after you take them. But they can be dangerous and are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sunless tanners&lt;/strong&gt; have no known risk for skin cancer, but you do have to be careful. Most spray tans, lotions, and gels use DHA, a color additive that makes your skin look tan. DHA is considered safe for use on the outside of your body by the FDA. You need to make sure it doesn't get into your nose, eyes, or mouth. If you use a spray tan, be careful not to breathe in the spray. Also, remember that these "tans" do not protect you from UV rays when you go outside.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tanning.html" id="6542" language="Spanish">Bronceado</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055107">Suntan</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013633">Tanning</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tanning.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="Melanoma: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/melanoma">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tanning" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tanning%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risks of Tanning" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/risks-tanning">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sunless and Self-Tanning during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tanning-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tanning" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/tanning.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tanning Products" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/tanning-products">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tartamudez es un problema que afecta el flujo del habla. Puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más común en niños pequeños." title="Tartamudez" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stuttering.html" id="3630" language="Spanish" date-created="08/02/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la tartamudez?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La tartamudez es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno del habla&lt;/a&gt; que causa interrupciones en la fluidez al hablar. Estas interrupciones o bloqueos, llamadas disfluencias, consisten en:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Repetir sonidos, sílabas o palabras&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Estirar un sonido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Detenerse repentinamente en medio de una sílaba o palabra&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, junto con el tartamudeo, se puede presentar movimientos de cabeza, parpadeo rápido o temblores en los labios. La tartamudez puede empeorar cuando está estresado, emocionado o cansado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tartamudez puede ser frustrante, porque sabe exactamente lo que quiere decir, pero tiene problemas para decirlo. Puede dificultar comunicarse con otras personas. Esto puede causar problemas en la escuela, el trabajo y las relaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la tartamudez?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos tipos principales de tartamudeo y tienen diferentes causas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;tartamudez del desarrollo&lt;/strong&gt; es el tipo más común. Comienza en los niños pequeños cuando todavía están aprendiendo el habla y el lenguaje. Muchos niños tartamudean cuando empiezan a hablar. La mayoría de ellos lo supera. Pero algunos continúan tartamudeando y no se conoce la causa exacta. Hay diferencias en el cerebro de las personas que continúan tartamudeando. La genética también puede jugar un papel, ya que este tipo de tartamudeo puede ser hereditario&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;tartamudez neurogénica&lt;/strong&gt; puede ocurrir después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;trauma cerebral&lt;/a&gt; u otro tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html"&gt;golpe en la cabeza&lt;/a&gt;. Debido a la lesión, el cerebro tiene problemas para coordinar las diferentes partes del cerebro involucradas en el habla&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tartamudear?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tartamudez puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero es mucho más común en los niños que en las niñas. Los niños más pequeños tienen más probabilidades de tartamudear. Cerca del 75% de los niños que tartamudean lo superarán. Para los demás, la tartamudez puede continuar toda la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la tartamudez?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tartamudez suele ser diagnosticada por un patólogo del habla y el lenguaje (fonoaudiólogo). Es un profesional de la salud capacitado para evaluar y tratar a personas con trastornos de la voz, el habla y el lenguaje. Si usted o su hijo tartamudea, su profesional de la salud puede derivarlo a un patólogo del habla y el lenguaje. O en algunos casos, el maestro de un niño puede referirlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El patólogo del habla y el lenguaje puede hacer un diagnóstico al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evaluar de la historia del caso, como cuándo se notó por primera vez la tartamudez, con qué frecuencia ocurre y en qué situaciones &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Escuchar hablar a usted o a su hijo, analizando el tartamudeo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evaluar las habilidades del habla y el lenguaje de usted o de su hijo, incluyendo la capacidad de comprender y usar el lenguaje&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntar sobre el impacto de la tartamudez en usted o en la vida de su hijo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Averiguar si en su familia hay otros casos de tartamudez&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para un niño, considerar qué tan probable es que lo supere cuando crezca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la tartamudez?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tratamientos que pueden ayudar con la tartamudez. Algunos de estos pueden ayudar a una persona, pero no a otra. Un trabajo conjunto con el patólogo del habla y el lenguaje ayudará a encontrar el mejor plan para usted o su hijo.
El plan debe tener en cuenta por cuánto tiempo ha tartamudeado y si hay otros problemas del habla o del lenguaje. Para un niño, el plan también debe tener en cuenta su edad y si es probable que supere la tartamudez cuando crezca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que los niños más pequeños no necesiten terapia de inmediato. Sus padres y maestros pueden aprender estrategias para ayudar al niño a practicar el habla, lo que puede ayudar en algunos casos. Como padre, es importante mostrarse tranquilo y relajado cuando su hijo habla. Si su hijo se siente presionado, puede resultarle más difícil hablar. Es probable que el patólogo del habla y el lenguaje quiera evaluar a su hijo con regularidad para ver si necesita tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La terapia del habla puede ayudar a niños y adultos a minimizar la tartamudez. Algunas técnicas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hablar más despacio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controlar la respiración&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Avanzar en el habla en forma gradual, desde respuestas de una sola sílaba hasta palabras más largas y oraciones más complejas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Para los adultos, los grupos de autoayuda pueden ayudar a encontrar recursos y apoyo para enfrentar los desafíos de la tartamudez.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay dispositivos electrónicos para ayudar con la fluidez, pero es necesario investigar más para ver si realmente ayudan a largo plazo. Algunas personas han probado medicamentos que suelen tratar otros problemas de salud como la epilepsia, la ansiedad o la depresión. Pero estos medicamentos no están aprobados para la tartamudez y, a menudo, tienen efectos secundarios. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stuttering.html" id="3629" language="English">Stuttering</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<site title="Cómo aprendió Byron Pitts de ABC News a controlar la tartamudez" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-aprendio-byron-pitts-de-abc-news-a-controlar-y-aceptar-la-tartamudez" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-abc-news-byron-pitts-learned-to-manage-stuttering">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo reaccionar cuando se habla con alguien que tartamudea" url="https://www.tartamudez.org/node/28" language-mapped-url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/how-react">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discurso interrumpido: ¿Por qué tartamudeamos?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/discurso-interrumpido" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/disrupted-speech">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez" url="https://www.tartamudez.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ir a un logopeda (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/speech-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/speech-therapist.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitos sobre tartamudez" url="https://www.tartamudez.org/sites/www.tartamudez.org/files/myths_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tartamudeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001427.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tartamudeo" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/el-tartamudeo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tartamudez y el síndrome de Tourette" url="https://www.tartamudez.org/sites/default/files/Migrate/Stuttering_TourettesSyndrome_spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/stuttering-and-tourettes-syndrome">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tartamudez y los niños bilingües" url="https://www.tartamudez.org/sites/default/files/Migrate/stutteringandthebilingualchild.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/stuttering-and-bilingual-child">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Utilizando el teléfono" url="https://www.tartamudez.org/download/0062UTS.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/using-telephone">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Taste and smell disorders can have many causes such as colds and head injuries. Some medications can also affect taste and smell." title="Taste and Smell Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="430" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Our senses of taste and smell give us great pleasure. Taste helps us enjoy food and beverages. Smell lets us enjoy the scents and fragrances like roses or coffee. Taste and smell also protect us, letting us know when food has gone bad or when there is a gas leak. They make us want to eat, ensuring we get the nutrition we need. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with taste disorders may taste things that aren't there, may not be able to tell the difference in tastes, or can't taste at all. People with smell disorders may lose their sense of smell, or things may smell different.  A smell they once enjoyed may now smell bad to them. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many illnesses and injuries can cause taste and smell disorders, including colds and head injuries. Some drugs can also affect taste and smell. Most people lose some ability to taste and smell as they get older. Treatment varies, depending on the problem and its cause. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="2184" language="Spanish">Trastornos del gusto y del olfato</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013651">Taste Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055697">Taste Perception</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000857">Olfaction Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1400">Nose Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ageusia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Anosmia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dysgeusia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dysosmia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Smelling Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="Aging changes in the senses" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004013.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Rhinologic Society" url="https://www.american-rhinologic.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Rhinologic Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bosma-arhinia-microphthalmia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dysgeusia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dysgeusia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Olfaction Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Olfaction+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Taste Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Taste+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Taste Perception" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Taste+Perception%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do We Taste…and Why Does It Go Wrong?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-do-we-tasteand-why-does-it-go-wrong" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-funciona-el-sentido-del-gusto-y-por-que-se-altera">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Smell and Taste Change as You Age" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/how-smell-and-taste-change-you-age" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/boca/como-cambian-sentidos-olfato-sabor-medida-envejece">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kallmann syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/kallmann-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NIDCD Glossary" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Smell and Taste Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/symptoms-of-nose-and-throat-disorders/overview-of-smell-and-taste-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/s%C3%ADntomas-de-las-enfermedades-de-la-nariz-y-la-garganta/introducci%C3%B3n-al-olfato-y-al-gusto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taste and taste disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Taste+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Olfaction+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Taste+Perception%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Refsum disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/refsum-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sinus MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007356.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smell - impaired" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003052.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Smell Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/trastornos-del-olfato">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Smelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taste - impaired" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003050.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taste Disorders" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/taste-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/trastornos-del-gusto">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Taste Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/taste-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/trastornos-del-gusto">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasting" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000129.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Taste Buds?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/taste-buds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/taste-buds.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Nose" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tay-Sachs disease is a rare genetic disorder. It causes too much of a fatty substance to build up in the brain, which destroys nerve cells." title="Tay-Sachs Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html" id="2737" language="English" date-created="10/15/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tay-Sachs disease is a rare, inherited disease. It is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;lipid metabolism disorder&lt;/a&gt;. It causes too much of a fatty substance to build up in the brain. This buildup destroys nerve cells, causing mental and physical problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Infants with Tay-Sachs disease appear to develop normally for the first few months of life. Then mental and physical abilities decline. The child becomes blind, deaf, and unable to swallow. Muscles begin to waste away and paralysis sets in. Even with the best of care, children with Tay-Sachs disease usually die by age 4.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cause is a gene mutation which is most common in Eastern European Ashkenazi Jews. To get the disease, both parents must have the gene.  If they do, there is a 25% chance of the child having the disease. A blood test and prenatal tests can check for the gene or the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure. Medicines and good nutrition can help some symptoms. Some children need feeding tubes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html" id="2738" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013661">Tay-Sachs Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="About Tay-Sachs Disease" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Tay-Sachs-Disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tay-Sachs Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tay-Sachs+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Counseling: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genetic Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gm2-activator-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipid Storage Diseases" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/lipid-storage-diseases">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tay-Sachs Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tay-Sachs+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sandhoff disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sandhoff-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tay-Sachs disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001417.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tay-Sachs Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tay-sachs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tay-sachs.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tay-Sachs disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tay-sachs-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your tears clean your eyes and keep them moist. Read about tears and what can go wrong, like too many tears, too few tears, or tear duct problems. " title="Tears" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tears.html" id="5410" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<also-called>Lacrimation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;You may only think of tears as those salty drops that fall from your eyes when you cry. Actually, your tears clean your eyes every time you blink. Tears also keep your eyes moist, which is important for your vision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tear glands produce tears, and tear ducts carry the tears from the glands to the surface of your eye.  Problems with the tear system can include too many tears, too few tears, or problems with the tear ducts. Treatment of the problem depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html" id="5411" language="Spanish">Lágrimas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013666">Tears</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007766">Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html" id="918">Sjogren's Syndrome</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dry Eye</see-reference>
<site title="Blocked tear duct" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001016.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blocked Tear Duct" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/blocked-tear-duct/symptoms-causes/syc-20351369?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/blocked-tear-duct/symptoms-causes/syc-20351369?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Canaliculitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/canaliculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/canaliculitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing Wisely When It Comes to Eye Care: Punctal Plugs for Dry Eye" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/news/choosing-wisely-punctal-plugs">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dry Eye Syndromes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dry+Eye+Syndromes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lacrimal+Apparatus+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dacryocystitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-tearing-disorders/dacryocystitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-de-los-p%C3%A1rpados-y-de-las-l%C3%A1grimas/dacriocistitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Doctor's Perspective: Living with Dry Eye" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-doctors-perspective-living-with-dry-eye" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/la-perspectiva-de-un-medico-la-vida-con-ojo-seco">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/dry-eye" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/sindrome-del-ojo-seco">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry eye syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000426.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Problems: Symptom Checker Flowchart" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/eye-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-ojos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Eye Drops" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/eye-drops">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lacrimal gland tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001611.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NEI for Kids: Glossary" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tears" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tears%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Lacrimal+Apparatus+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Schirmer test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003501.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Tear Duct Blockage" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tear-duct-obstruct-surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tear-duct-obstruct-surgery.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tired, Achy Eyes? Finding Relief for Eye Discomfort" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/09/tired-achy-eyes">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Tear-Duct Blockage (Tear Duct Massage) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tear_duct_massage_animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treating Tear-Duct Blockage (Tear Duct Probe) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tear_duct_probe_animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triple A syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/triple-a-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Watery eyes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003036.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003036.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Dry Eye?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-dry-eye" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/ojo-seco">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tecnología asistencial consiste de herramientas, productos o equipos que le pueden ayudar a cumplir sus labores y actividades si tiene una discapacidad." title="Tecnología asistencial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html" id="3137" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2003">
<also-called>Aparatos de asistencia</also-called>
<also-called>Equipo de ayuda a personas con discapacidades</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted tiene una discapacidad o una lesión, puede utilizar un sinnúmero de dispositivos como medio de ayuda. Son herramientas, productos o tipos de equipamiento que lo ayudan a hacer sus labores y actividades. Pueden ayudarlo a desplazarse, ver, comunicarse, comer o vestirse. Algunas de ellas son herramientas de alta tecnología, como son las computadoras. Otras son mucho más simples, como un "alcanzador" - herramienta que le ayuda a tomar objetos fuera de su alcance.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136" language="English">Assistive Devices</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" id="4142">Aparatos para movilidad asistida</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html" id="5217">Audífonos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html" id="1861">Discapacidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html" id="5215">Implantes cocleares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="1939">Problemas de la audición y sordera</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/artificiallimbs.html" id="5574">Prótesis de las extremidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html" id="1738">Pérdida de extremidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html" id="2123">Rehabilitación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadulthealth.html" id="2142">Salud de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaldevicesafety.html" id="4155">Seguridad de los equipos médicos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html" id="1870">Seguridad de los medicamentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aparatos de asistencia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Asistencia, Aparatos de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dispositivos para asistencia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sillas de ruedas</see-reference>
<site title="Accesibilidad de la información de emergencia en televisión" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/accesibilidad-de-la-informacion-de-emergencia-en-television" language-mapped-url="https://www.fcc.gov/guides/emergency-video-programming-accessibility-persons-hearing-and-visual-disabilities">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos de ayuda para personas con discapacidades: Ayudas de posicionamiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/assistive-devices-positioners.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/assistive-devices-positioners.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ingeniería de rehabilitación" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/ingenier%C3%ADa-de-rehabilitaci%C3%B3n" language-mapped-url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/rehabilitation-engineering">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Servicio de retransmisión en teléfonos públicos" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/servicio-de-retransmision-en-telefonos-publicos">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subtitulado opcional en televisión" url="https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/subtitulado-opcional-en-television" language-mapped-url="https://www.fcc.gov/guides/closed-captioning">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos de los tipos de dispositivos de asistencia y cómo se utilizan?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rehabtech/informacion/tipos-dispositivos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/device">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son algunos tipos de tecnologías de rehabilitación?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rehabtech/informacion/tipos-rehab" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/use">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo beneficia la tecnología de rehabilitación a las personas con discapacidades?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/rehabtech/informacion/ayuda" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/help">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tecnología de reproducción asistida se usa para tratar la infertilidad. Uno de los tipos es la fertilización in vitro. Encuentre más información aquí." title="Tecnología de reproducción asistida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6243" language="Spanish" date-created="10/26/2015">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La tecnología de reproducción asistida se usa para tratar la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html"&gt;infertilidad&lt;/a&gt;. Incluye tratamientos de fertilidad que manejan tanto los óvulos como los espermatozoides. Consiste en extraer los óvulos de los ovarios. Luego, los óvulos se mezclan con esperma para producir embriones. Luego los embriones se colocan en el cuerpo de la progenitora. La fertilización in vitro es el tipo más común y eficaz de tecnología de reproducción asistida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los procedimientos de tecnología de reproducción asistida a veces usan óvulos de donantes, un donante de esperma o embriones previamente congelados. También pueden utilizar una progenitora subrogada tradicional o gestacional. Subrogada tradicional (también llamada vientre de alquiler) es una persona que queda embarazada con el esperma un miembro de la pareja. Una subrogada gestacional queda embarazada con un óvulo de un miembro de la pareja y esperma de la otra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La complicación más común de tecnología de reproducción asistida es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html"&gt;embarazo múltiple&lt;/a&gt;. Se puede prevenir o minimizar limitando el número de embriones que se colocan en el cuerpo de la progenitora.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" id="6242" language="English">Assisted Reproductive Technology</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<site title="Fecundación in vitro (FIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007279.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección intracitoplásmica de espermatozoides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007294.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007294.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Técnicas de reproducción asistida" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/infertility/informacion/tratamientos-art" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo/treatments/art">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="More and more teens in the U.S. have depression. It is a serious medical illness that causes feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and frustration that do not go away. Learn about diagnosis and treatment" title="Teen Depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html" id="6931" language="English" date-created="05/03/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is depression in teens?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt; in teens (ages 13-17) is a serious medical illness. It's more than just a feeling of being sad or "blue" for a few days. It is an intense feeling of sadness, hopelessness, and anger or frustration that lasts much longer. These feelings make it hard for you to function normally and do your usual activities. You may also have trouble focusing and have no motivation or energy. Depression can make you feel like it is hard to enjoy life or even get through the day.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes depression in teens?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many factors may play a role in depression, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genetics.&lt;/strong&gt; Depression can run in families.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brain biology and chemistry.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormones.&lt;/strong&gt; Hormone changes can contribute to depression.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stressful childhood events&lt;/strong&gt; such as trauma, the death of a loved one, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html"&gt;bullying&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;abuse&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Which teens are at risk of depression?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depression can happen at any age, but often begins in the teens or early adulthood. Certain teens are at higher risk of depression, such as those who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have other mental health conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;eating disorders&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html"&gt;substance use&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have other diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have family members with mental illness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a dysfunctional family/family conflict&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have problems with friends or other kids at school&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;learning disabilities&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" tid="152"&gt;attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had trauma in childhood&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have low self-esteem, a pessimistic outlook, or poor coping skills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are &lt;a href="gaylesbianbisexualandtransgenderhealth.html" tid="261"&gt;members of the LGBTQIA+ community&lt;/a&gt;, especially when their families are not supportive&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of depression in teens?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have depression, you have one or more of these symptoms most of the time:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sadness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling of emptiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hopelessness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being angry, irritable, or frustrated, even at minor things&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You also may also have other symptoms, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No longer caring about things you used to enjoy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in weight, such as losing weight when you are not dieting or gaining weight from eating too much&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in sleep, such as having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or sleeping much more than usual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling very tired or not having energy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling worthless or very guilty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having trouble concentrating, remembering information, or making decisions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thinking about dying or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is depression in teens diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you think you might be depressed, tell someone that you trust, such as your:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parents or guardian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teacher or counselor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doctor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The next step is to see your doctor for a checkup. Your doctor can first make sure that you do not have another health problem that is causing your depression. To do this, you may have a physical exam and lab tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you don't have another health problem, you will get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/"&gt;psychological evaluation&lt;/a&gt;. Your doctor may do it, or you may be referred to a mental health professional to get one. You may be asked about things such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your thoughts and feelings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How you are doing at school&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Any changes in your eating, sleeping, or energy level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether you are suicidal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether you use alcohol or drugs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is depression in teens treated?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Effective treatments for depression in teens include talk therapy, or a combination of talk therapy and medicines:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talk therapy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Talk therapy, also called psychotherapy or counseling, can help you understand and manage your moods and feelings. It involves going to see a therapist, such as a psychiatrist, a psychologist, a social worker, or counselor. You can talk out your emotions to someone who understands and supports you. You can also learn how to stop thinking negatively and start to look at the positives in life. This will help you build confidence and feel better about yourself.&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;p&gt;There are many different types of talk therapy. Certain types have been shown to help teens deal with depression, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),&lt;/strong&gt; which helps you to identify and change negative and unhelpful thoughts. It also helps you build coping skills and change behavioral patterns.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interpersonal therapy (IPT),&lt;/strong&gt; which focuses on improving your relationships. It helps you understand and work through troubled relationships that may contribute to your depression. IPT may help you change behaviors that are causing problems.  You also explore major issues that may add to your depression, such as grief or life changes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, your doctor will suggest medicines along with talk therapy. There are a few &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt; that have been widely studied and proven to help teens. If you are taking medicine for depression, it is important to see your doctor regularly.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;It is also important to know that it will take some time for you to get relief from antidepressants:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It can take 3 to 4 weeks until an antidepressant takes effect&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You may have to try more than one antidepressant to find one that works for you&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It can also take some time to find the right dose of an antidepressant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, teenagers may have an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior when taking antidepressants. This risk is higher in the first few weeks after starting the medicine and when the dose is changed. &lt;strong&gt;Make sure to tell your parents or guardian if you start feeling worse or have thoughts of hurting yourself.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should not stop taking the antidepressants on your own. You need to work with your doctor to slowly and safely decrease the dose before you stop.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Programs for severe depression&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some teens who have severe depression or are at risk of hurting themselves may need more intensive treatment. They may go into a psychiatric hospital or do a day program. Both offer counseling, group discussions, and activities with mental health professionals and other patients. Day programs may be full-day or half-day, and they often last for several weeks.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html" id="6932" language="Spanish">Depresión en adolescentes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003863">Depression</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html" id="4146">Antidepressants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html" id="113">Depression</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html" id="3140">Seasonal Affective Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html" id="6091">Self-Harm</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html" id="424">Suicide</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637">Teen Mental Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Depression, Teen</see-reference>
<site title="988 Suicide &amp; Crisis Lifeline" url="https://988lifeline.org/" language-mapped-url="https://988lifeline.org/es/inicio/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Teen Suicide" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/suicide.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/suicide.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants for Children and Teens" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20047502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Depression: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-depression.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Teen Depression" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=depression&amp;term=teen&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression in Children and Teens" url="https://familydoctor.org/depression-in-children-and-teens/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://es.familydoctor.org/familydoctor/es/diseases-conditions/depression/depression-in-children-and-teens.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/depression-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-depresion/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depression: What You Need to Know" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/depression.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/depression.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Your Teen Screened for Depression" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/mental-health-and-relationships/get-your-teen-screened-depression" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-mental-relaciones-otras-personas/pide-hagan-tus-hijos-adolescentes-prueba-detectar-depresion">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/therapist.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping your teen with depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000646.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000646.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Help a Friend Who Cuts?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/friend-cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/friend-cuts.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Stop Cutting?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/resisting-cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/resisting-cutting.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Managing your depression - teens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000647.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000647.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Depression" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(depressive+disorder[mesh]+OR+depressive+disorder[tiab]+OR+depressive+disorder,treatment-resistant[mesh]+OR+depressive+disorder,treatment-resistant[text]+OR+treatment-resistant+depressive+disorder[tiab]+OR+depressive+disorder,major[mesh]+OR+depressive+disorder,major[tiab]+OR+major+depressive+disorder[tiab])+AND+(adolescent[mesh]+OR+adolescent[text]+OR+teen[text]+OR+teens[text]+OR+teenager[text]+OR+teenagers[text])+AND+(jsubsetk[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt]+OR+jsubsetaim[text]+OR+review[pt]+OR+guideline[pt]+OR+clinical+trial[pt])+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mesh]+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+comment[pt])+AND+%22last+1+Year%22[edat]">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recognizing teen depression" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000648.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000648.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Depression: More Than just Moodiness" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/teen-depression" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/la-depresion-en-los-adolescentes-algo-mas-que-mal-genio">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Teen Suicide" url="https://familydoctor.org/teen-suicide/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/suicidio-adolescente/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teens Are Talking about Mental Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-are-talking-about-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-estan-hablando-de-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="When Children and Teens Self-Harm" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Puberty differs for each teenager. Not only does it affect the body, but it also affects the mental. Find tips to help you manage teen development" title="Teen Development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendevelopment.html" id="1587" language="English" date-created="12/18/2001">
<also-called>Adolescent development</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;As a teenager, you go through many physical, mental, emotional, and social changes. The biggest change is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html"&gt;puberty&lt;/a&gt;, the process of becoming sexually mature.  It usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys.   As your body changes, you may have questions about &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html"&gt;sexual health&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;During this time, you start to develop your own unique personality and opinions.  Some changes that you might notice include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased independence from your parents&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More concerns about body image and clothes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More influence from peers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greater ability to sense right and wrong&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;All of these changes can sometimes seem overwhelming.  Some sadness or moodiness can be normal.  But feeling very sad, hopeless, or worthless could be warning signs of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html"&gt;mental health problem&lt;/a&gt;. If you need help, talk to your parents, school counselor, or health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html" id="2185" language="Spanish">Desarrollo del adolescente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000297">Psychology, Adolescent</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D041923">Adolescent Development</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html" id="5569">Puberty</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenhealth.html" id="609">Teen Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" id="1459">Teen Sexual Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescent Development</see-reference>
<site title="5 Ways to Promote a Positive Body Image for Kids" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/weight-and-body-positivity/5-ways-to-promote-a-positive-body-image-for-kids">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adolescent development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002003.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Am I in a Healthy Relationship?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/healthy-relationship.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/KidsHealthDemo/es/teens/healthy-relationship.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bedwetting (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/enuresis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/enuresis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Image and Self-Esteem" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Odor (For Young Men)" url="https://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/body-odor/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Odor (For Young Women)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child Development: Teenagers (15-17 Years of Age)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/positive-parenting-tips/adolescence-15-17-years.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adolescent Development" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adolescent+Development%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communication and Your 13-to 18-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/comm-13-to-18.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/female-repro.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth and Your 13-to 18-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-13-to-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-13-to-18.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gynecomastia (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/boybrst.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/boybrst.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is My Penis Normal? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/penis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/penis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/male-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/male-repro.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parenting Teens: Guiding Kids Through Turbulent Years" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/06/parenting-teens" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crianza-de-adolescentes">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Teen Development" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adolescent+Development%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Psychology%2C+Adolescent%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Removing Pubic Hair (For Young Women)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/removing-pubic-hair/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/depilacion-del-vello-pubiano/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Attraction and Orientation (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Adolescence" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/pages/Stages-of-Adolescence.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/stages-of-adolescence.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Doctor (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="The Power of Peers: Who Influences Your Health?" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/09/power-peers" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/el-poder-de-los-companeros">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Teen Brain: 7 Things to Know" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-cerebro-de-los-adolescentes-7-cosas">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Teen's Emotional Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/understanding-your-teens-emotional-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/entendiendo-la-salud-emocional-de-su-hijo-o-hija-adolescente/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's the Right Weight for My Height? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-height.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-height.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Are My Breasts Different Sizes?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/breast-size.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Are My Breasts Sore? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sore-breasts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sore-breasts.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Is My Voice Changing? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/voice-changing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/voice-changing.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Young Teens (12-14 Years of Age)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/positive-parenting-tips/young-teens-12-14-years.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Teenagers go through many changes, primarily when it comes to body image. Read on how incorporating healthy habits can help them feel their best" title="Teen Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenhealth.html" id="609" language="English" date-created="11/23/1999">
<also-called>Adolescent health</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;As a teenager, you go through many changes. Your body is on its way to becoming its adult size. You may notice that you can't fit into your old shoes or that your jeans are now 3 inches too short. Along with these changes, you are probably becoming more independent and making more of your own choices. Some of the biggest choices you face are about your health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Healthy habits, including eating a healthy diet and being physically active, can help you feel good, look good, and do your best in school, work, or sports. They might also prevent diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoporosis, stroke, and some cancers when you are older.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html" id="2241" language="Spanish">Salud de los adolescentes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000298">Adolescent, Hospitalized</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016497">Adolescent Health Services</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067697">Adolescent Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/teenhealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/teenhealth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/teenhealth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/teenhealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/teenhealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/teenhealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/teenhealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/collegehealth.html" id="5417">College Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html" id="5569">Puberty</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendevelopment.html" id="1587">Teen Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637">Teen Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" id="1459">Teen Sexual Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenagepregnancy.html" id="431">Teenage Pregnancy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescent Health</see-reference>
<site title="7 Things to Know about Mind and Body Practices for Children and Teens" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-mind-and-body-practices-for-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adolescent and Young Adult Health" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescents-health-risks-and-solutions">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ages and Stages: Teen" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="America's Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being" url="https://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are Steroids Worth the Risk?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/steroids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/steroids.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Image and Self-Esteem" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Teen BMI Calculator Widget" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/child-teen-calculator/widget.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/bmi/calculator.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Primary Health Care Provider (PCP): General Information for Young Women" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/choosing-a-doctor/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/2009/02/09/como-elegir-un-proveedor-de-cuidado-primario/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adolescent Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=adolescent+health&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Compulsive Exercise" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/compulsive-exercise.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/compulsive-exercise.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Adolescent Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adolescent-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Athlete Triad" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/triad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/triad.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Germs: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protozoa" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/care-about-germs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/care-about-germs.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gyn Checkups" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Much Sleep Do I Need? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/how-much-sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/how-much-sleep.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How's Your Self-Esteem? (Quiz)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/self-esteem-quiz.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hygiene Basics" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hygiene-basics.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hygiene-basics.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Media and Body Image" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/media-and-body-image">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Care and Your 13- to 18-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-13-18.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-13-18.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/nutrition/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adolescent+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Adolescent+Health+Services%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Adolescent%2C+Hospitalized%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Smoking and Youth: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Take Charge of Your Health: A Guide for Teenagers" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Doctor (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tanning" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/body/grooming/tanning.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Sexual Health: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Teenagers and sleep" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000872.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teens and Stress: Who Has Time for It?" url="https://familydoctor.org/teens-and-stress-who-has-time-for-it/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/adolescentes-y-estres-quien-tiene-tiempo-para-eso/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="TeensHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="TeensHealth: Q&amp;A" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/expert/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Exams" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicles.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Underage Drinking: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Medications and What They Do" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/meds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/meds.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations for Preteens and Teens" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020-spa.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines by Age" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/by-age/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/by-age/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's the Right Weight for My Height? (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-height.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-height.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When To Let Your Teenager Start Dating" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/when-to-let-your-teenager-start-dating.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/when-to-let-your-teenager-start-dating.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your First Pelvic Exam" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pelvic-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/examen-pelvico/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System" url="https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Being a teenager can be stressful, and some teens will struggle with their mental health. But help is available. Learn the warning signs and when to get help." title="Teen Mental Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3637" language="English" date-created="11/18/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Being a teenager is hard. You're under stress to be liked, do well in school, get along with your family, and make big decisions. You can't avoid most of these pressures, and worrying about them is normal. But feeling very sad, hopeless or worthless could be warning signs of a mental health problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mental health problems are real, painful, and sometimes severe. You might need help if you have the signs mentioned above, or if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Often feel very angry or very worried &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel grief for a long time after a loss or death&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Think your mind is controlled or out of control&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exercise, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;diet and/or binge-eat obsessively &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hurt other people or destroy property &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do reckless things that could harm you or others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feel &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html"&gt;depressed&lt;/a&gt; (sad and hopeless)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mental health problems can be treated. To find help, talk to your parents, school counselor, or health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Mental Health and Behavior</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638" language="Spanish">Salud mental del adolescente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000297">Psychology, Adolescent</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000296">Adolescent Psychiatry</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/">National Institute of Mental Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4026">Bullying and Cyberbullying</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html" id="3162">Child Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html" id="4959">Drugs and Young People</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676">Mental Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html" id="35">Mental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html" id="6091">Self-Harm</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html" id="6931">Teen Depression</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenviolence.html" id="1358">Teen Violence</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" id="1313">Underage Drinking</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mental Health, Teen</see-reference>
<site title="3 Ways to Increase Positive Emotions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/positive-emotions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/positive-emotions.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="5 Ways to Know Your Feelings Better" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/emotional-awareness.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/emotional-awareness.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="988 Suicide &amp; Crisis Lifeline" url="https://988lifeline.org/" language-mapped-url="https://988lifeline.org/es/inicio/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuse: What If I Need Help Right Now?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abuse-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abuse-help.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abusive Relationships" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abuse-relationships.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry" url="https://www.aacap.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antidepressants for Children and Teens" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/ART-20047502?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20047502?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anxiety: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-trastorno-bipolar-en-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bipolar Disorder in Teens and Young Adults: Know the Signs" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-teens-and-young-adults-know-the-signs" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-bipolar-en-adolescentes">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image-problem.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image-problem.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Image and Self-Esteem" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/body-image.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/body-image.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Child and Adolescent Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/child-and-adolescent-mental-health">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Teen Mental Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=%22mental+health%22+AND+teen&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Comprehensive-Psychiatric-Evaluation-052.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Evaluacion-Siquiatrica-Comprensiva-052.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Children's Mental Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/data.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Difficult Emotions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stressful-feelings.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stressful-feelings.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder-dmdd">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fears and Phobias" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/phobias.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Going to a Therapist" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/therapist.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guided Visualization: Dealing with Stress" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/media/2021/guided-visualization-dealing-with-stress">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Social Media Habits: How You Use it Matters" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/09/healthy-social-media-habits" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/habitos-saludables-en-las-redes-sociales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Helping Children and Adolescents Cope With Traumatic Events" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Feel Less Lonely?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lonely-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lonely-help.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Get Help in a Crisis?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/crisis-support.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/crisis-support.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Help a Friend Who Cuts?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/friend-cuts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/friend-cuts.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can I Stop Cutting?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/resisting-cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/resisting-cutting.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Can Social Connection Reduce Loneliness?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/lonely.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/lonely.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Negative Emotions Help" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/negative-emotions-help.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/negative-emotions-help.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Live a Happy Life" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/happy-life.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/happy-life.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How's Your Self-Esteem? (Quiz)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/self-esteem-quiz.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Media and Body Image" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/media-and-body-image">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Medications" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Screening" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ocd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ocd.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ptsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ptsd.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychologist Locator" url="https://locator.apa.org/?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen mental health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Psychology%2C+Adolescent%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Adolescent+Psychiatry%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask Before Psychiatric Hospitalization of Your Child or Adolescent" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/11-Questions-To-Ask-Before-Psychiatric-Hospitalization-Of-Your-Child-Or-Adolescent-032.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/11-Preguntas-a-Hacerse-Antes-de-Comenzar-el-Tratamiento-Siquiatrico-de-su-Nino-o-Adolescente-032.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Residential Treatment Programs" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Residential-Treatment-Programs-097.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sad.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Social Anxiety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/social-phobia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/social-phobia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stress: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicide: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Depression: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Teen Mental Health: How to Know When Your Child Needs Help" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/pages/Mental-Health-and-Teens-Watch-for-Danger-Signs.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/paginas/mental-health-and-teens-watch-for-danger-signs.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teens Are Talking about Mental Health" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/teens-are-talking-about-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-adolescentes-estan-hablando-de-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Teen Brain: 7 Things to Know" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-cerebro-de-los-adolescentes-7-cosas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/trichotillomania.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Cliques" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-cliques.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/understanding-cliques.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Your Teen's Emotional Health" url="https://familydoctor.org/understanding-your-teens-emotional-health/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/entendiendo-la-salud-emocional-de-su-hijo-o-hija-adolescente/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Children and Teens Self-Harm" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/when-children-and-teens-self-harm.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="During your teens you go through puberty and become sexually mature. Whether you choose to have sex or not, you should know how sex affects your health." title="Teen Sexual Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" id="1459" language="English" date-created="04/06/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is teen sexual health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Teen sexual health is about how sex affects your physical and emotional health. It means knowing how to form healthy relationships and making decisions about sex that are right for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As your body changes during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html"&gt;puberty&lt;/a&gt;, how you think, feel, and interact with others also changes. You may have new feelings and thoughts about sex. Understanding who you're becoming as a sexual young adult is also part of teen sexual health. For some teens, that includes understanding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lgbtqiahealth.html"&gt;gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;p&gt;For all teens, taking responsibility for sexual health is part of growing up. Whether you choose to have sex or wait, responsibility includes knowing about:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;Sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Birth control&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What a healthy relationship is
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are caused by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasites&lt;/a&gt; that spread from person to person, usually during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Some STIs are spread by skin-to-skin contact. Without treatment, some STIs can cause long-term health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are more than 20 types of STIs, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html"&gt;Chlamydia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html"&gt;Genital herpes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html"&gt;Gonorrhea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt; (human papillomavirus)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html"&gt;Pubic lice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/syphilis.html"&gt;Syphilis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html"&gt;Trichomoniasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;STIs don't always cause symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection without knowing it and then pass it on to someone else. The only way to know for sure whether you have an STI is to get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/std-tests/"&gt;tested&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I reduce my chances of getting a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Saying "no" to sex is the right choice for many teens. &lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If you decide to have sex, "safer sex" practices will lower your chance of getting an STI. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Talking with your partner about preventing STIs and getting tested before having sex.&lt;/strong&gt; If you can't talk about STIs, you aren't ready to have sex.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Getting the HPV vaccine.&lt;/strong&gt; You can be vaccinated between ages 9 and 26.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Using condoms correctly every time you have vaginal, oral, or anal sex:&lt;/strong&gt; 
 &lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;External (male) latex condoms provide the best protection against STIs. If you or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Internal (female) condoms, made of nitrile, are placed inside the body (vagina or anus). They may be less effective against STIs than latex external condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Don't use both type of condoms together because that increases the chance they'll rip&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Use a dental dam (a square piece of latex, polyurethane, or nitrile) to protect the mouth during oral sex&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having sex with only one person who has sex only with you (mutual monogamy).&lt;/strong&gt; But first, both of you should get tested for STIs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not mixing alcohol or drugs with sex.&lt;/strong&gt; You need to think clearly to make safer choices about sex.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I reduce the chance of pregnancy?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The only sure way to avoid pregnancy is not to have vaginal sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you decide to have vaginal sex, birth control can help prevent pregnancy. There are many types of birth control that work in different ways.  Your health care provider can help you choose birth control that's best for you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Condoms are the only birth control method that protects against STIs. But condoms alone aren't the most effective form of birth control. It's safest to use condoms with another form of birth control to prevent both STIs and pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a healthy relationship?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Healthy sex starts with a healthy relationship, so it's important to take an honest look at how you and your partner treat each other. Your relationship may be healthy if it includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Respect.&lt;/strong&gt; You and your partner value each other's feelings. Neither of you pressure the other to do things they don't want to do.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trust and honesty.&lt;/strong&gt; You always tell the truth and trust your partner to do the same.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Good communication.&lt;/strong&gt; You feel safe talking openly about your feelings, STIs, and other relationships. And you both listen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your relationship may be unhealthy if it includes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jealousy and control.&lt;/strong&gt; One of you wants to make all the decisions and tries to keep the other from spending time with their friends and family.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disrespect.&lt;/strong&gt; One of you makes fun of the other person's ideas and feelings.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pressure.&lt;/strong&gt; One of you tries to bully the other into doing sexual things they don't want to do.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html"&gt;Violence&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Hitting, shoving, grabbing, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html"&gt;sexual assault&lt;/a&gt; should never be part of a relationship. If you don't know how to end a violent relationship, get help.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your decisions about sex can affect your future health. Make sure that you know the facts so you can decide what is right for you.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html" id="2186" language="Spanish">Salud sexual del adolescente</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000293">Adolescent</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012725">Sexual Behavior</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teendevelopment.html" id="1587">Teen Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenhealth.html" id="609">Teen Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenagepregnancy.html" id="431">Teenage Pregnancy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sexual Health, Teen</see-reference>
<site title="Adolescent and School Health: Sexual Risk Behaviors" url="https://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/sexualbehaviors/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Teen Sexual Behavior" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=(%22sex+behavior%22+OR+%22sexual+behavior%22+OR+%22sex+risk+behavior%22)+AND+teen&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delayed Puberty (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/delayed-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/delayed-puberty.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrogen Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estrogen-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estrogeno/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Expect-Respect-Healthy-Relationships.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/expect-respect-healthy-relationships.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Female Reproductive System (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/female-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/female-repro.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="For Teens: How to Make Healthy Decisions about Sex" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Making-Healthy-Decisions-About-Sex.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/making-healthy-decisions-about-sex.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gyn Checkups" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Homosexuality: Facts for Teens" url="https://familydoctor.org/homosexuality-facts-for-teens/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/homosexualidad-la-realidad-para-los-adolescentes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="LGBTQ: Sexual Orientation" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/sexual-orientation/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Making Healthy Sexual Decisions" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/making-healthy-sexual-decisions/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/decisiones-sexuales-saludables/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/male-repro.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/male-repro.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Sexual Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adolescent%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Sexual+Behavior%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex Education: Talking to Your Teen about Sex" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/sexual-health/in-depth/sex-education/art-20044034?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Attraction and Orientation (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-orientation.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-orientation.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Health" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-health/" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sexual-health/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Partner about Condoms" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-about-condoms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-about-condoms.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to Your Partner about STDs" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/the-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/the-talk.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking with Your Partner about Sex" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/talk-about-sex.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/talk-about-sex.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telling Your Partner You Have an STD" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stds-talk.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/stds-talk.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Teen violence refers to harmful behaviors that can start early and continue into young adulthood. Read about violent behavior and what to do about it." title="Teen Violence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenviolence.html" id="1358" language="English" date-created="09/06/2000">
<also-called>Youth violence</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Teen violence refers to harmful behaviors that can start early and continue into young adulthood. The young person can be a victim, an offender, or a witness to the violence.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Violent acts can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html"&gt;Bullying&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fighting, including punching, kicking, slapping, or hitting&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use of weapons such as guns or knives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some violent acts can cause more emotional harm than physical harm. Others can lead to serious injury or even death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An important risk factor for violence in teens is the behavior of their friends and classmates. You should know who your kids hang out with and encourage healthy behavior and relationships.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenviolence.html" id="2187" language="Spanish">Violencia en los adolescentes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000294">Adolescent Behavior</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014754">Violence</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenviolence.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4026">Bullying and Cyberbullying</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184">Child Behavior Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="514">Intimate Partner Violence</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenhealth.html" id="609">Teen Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Violence</see-reference>
<see-reference>Youth Violence</see-reference>
<site title="About School Violence" url="https://www.cdc.gov/youth-violence/about/about-school-violence.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Teen Dating Violence" url="https://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/about/about-teen-dating-violence.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children and Firearms" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Guns-Firearms-037.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Niños-y-las-Armas-de-Fuego-037.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Children's Threats: When Are They Serious?" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Childrens-Threats-When-Are-They-Serious-065.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Las-Amenazas-de-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Cuando-Hay-Que-Tomarlas-en-Serio-065.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Teen Violence" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=violence&amp;term=teen&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Reactions After Trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for PTSD</organization>
</site>
<site title="Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Expect-Respect-Healthy-Relationships.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/expect-respect-healthy-relationships.aspx">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Children and Adolescents Cope With Traumatic Events" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Highlights of the 2012 National Youth Gang Survey" url="https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh176/files/pubs/248025.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Justice</organization>
</site>
<site title="Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2017" url="https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2018/2018036.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Education</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Mental Health" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Teen Violence" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adolescent+Behavior%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Violence%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="School Violence: What Students Can Do" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-violence.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-violence.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sexual Harassment" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/harassment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/harassment.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teen Dating Violence and Drug Use" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/family/teen-dating-violence-and-drug-use" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/familia/violencia-en-citas-de-adolescentes-y-drogas">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Drug Enforcement Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="TV Violence and Children" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-TV-Violence-013.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-la-Violencia-en-la-Television-013.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violence" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/relationships/conflict/physical_fights.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violent Behavior in Children and Adolescents" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Understanding-Violent-Behavior-In-Children-and-Adolescents-055.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Comprendiendo-el-Comportamiento-Violento-de-Ninos-y-Adolescentes-055.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth and Teens Page" url="https://www.1800runaway.org/youth-teens">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>National Runaway Safeline</organization>
</site>
<site title="Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System" url="https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Get the facts on teenage pregnancy - how common it is, prevention, and how teenage mothers can have a safe and healthy pregnancy." title="Teenage Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenagepregnancy.html" id="431" language="English" date-created="07/19/1999">
<also-called>Adolescent pregnancy</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most teenage girls don't plan to get &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnant&lt;/a&gt;, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother and the baby. Often, teens don't get prenatal care soon enough, which can lead to problems later on. They have a higher risk for pregnancy-related &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and its complications. Risks for the baby include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;premature birth&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;If you're a pregnant teen, you can help yourself and your baby by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal care&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking your prenatal vitamins for your health and to prevent some birth defects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;smoking, alcohol, and drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a condom, if you are having sex, to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs) that could hurt your baby. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html" id="2189" language="Spanish">Embarazo de adolescentes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011253">Pregnancy in Adolescence</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenagepregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" id="160">Birth Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html" id="6">Prenatal Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html" id="1459">Teen Sexual Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adolescent Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pregnancy, Teen</see-reference>
<site title="About Teen Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/teen-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adoption: Considering Your Options and Making a Plan" url="https://cwlibrary.childwelfare.gov/discovery/delivery/01CWIG_INST:01CWIG/1218633500007651">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Children's Bureau</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Becoming a Father" url="https://youngmenshealthsite.org/guides/becoming-a-father/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Birth Control: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy in Adolescence" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy+in+Adolescence%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Could I Get Pregnant if I Have Sex During My Period?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sex-during-period.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Having a Baby (For Teens)" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/having-a-baby" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Tener-un-bebe">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Having a Healthy Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Help Pregnant Teens Know Their Options: AAP Policy Explained" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Teenage-Pregnancy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/teenage-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helping Teen Parents and Their Children Build Healthy Futures" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Teen-Parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/teen-parents.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="March of Dimes Foundation" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Nutrition: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-embarazo/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Teenage Pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy+in+Adolescence%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Pregnancy: What Happens First" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/symptoms-of-pregnancy/art-20043853?p=1">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teenage pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000607.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000607.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Your Teen Is Having a Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/teen-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/teen-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Telehealth is the use of communications technologies to provide health care from a distance. Learn about the benefits, problems, and the types of care available using telehealth." title="Telehealth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" id="7467" language="English" date-created="05/04/2020">
<also-called>Telemedicine</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is telehealth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Telehealth is the use of communications technologies to provide health care from a distance. These technologies may include computers, cameras, videoconferencing, the Internet, and satellite and wireless communications. Some examples of telehealth include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A "virtual visit" with a health care provider, through a phone call or video chat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Remote patient monitoring, which lets your provider check on you while you are at home. For example, you might wear a device that measures your heart rate and sends that information to your provider.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A surgeon using robotic technology to do surgery from a different location&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensors that can alert caregivers if a person with dementia leaves the house&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sending your provider a message through your electronic health record (EHR)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Watching an online video that your provider sent you about how to use an inhaler&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting an email, phone, or text reminder that it's time for a cancer screening&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is the difference between telemedicine and telehealth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people use the term telemedicine to mean the same thing as telehealth. Telehealth is a broader term. It includes telemedicine. But it also includes things like training for health care providers, health care administrative meetings, and services provided by pharmacists and social workers.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the benefits of telehealth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the benefits of telehealth include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting care at home, especially for people who can't easily get to their providers' offices&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting care from a specialist who is not close by&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting care after office hours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More communication with your providers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Better communication and coordination between health care providers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;More support for people who are managing their health conditions, especially chronic conditions such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower cost, since virtual visits may be cheaper than in-person visits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the problems with telehealth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the problems with telehealth include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If your virtual visit is with someone who is not your regular provider, he or she may not have all of your medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;After a virtual visit, it may be up to you to coordinate your care with your regular provider&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In some cases, the provider may not be able to make the right diagnosis without examining you in person. Or your provider may need you to come in for a lab test.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There may be problems with the technology, for example, if you lose the connection, there is a problem with the software, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some insurance companies may not cover telehealth visits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What types of care can I get using telehealth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The types of care that you can get using telehealth may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;General health care, like &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html"&gt;wellness visits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prescriptions for medicine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dermatology (skin care)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html"&gt;Eye exams&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nutrition counseling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mental health counseling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urgent care conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html"&gt;sinusitis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;common rashes&lt;/a&gt;, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For telehealth visits, just like with an in-person visit, it is important to be prepared and have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html"&gt;good communication with the provider&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" id="7468" language="Spanish">Telesalud</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017216">Telemedicine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/telehealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/telehealth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/telehealth.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/telehealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/telehealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/telehealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/telehealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director">NIH Office of the Director</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3073">Talking With Your Doctor</related-topic>
<site title="Can Telehealth &quot;Video Visits&quot; Be a Good Option for My Child? How Do They Work?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/ask-the-pediatrician/Pages/Can-video-visits-be-good-for-my-child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/ask-the-pediatrician/paginas/can-video-visits-be-good-for-my-child.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Telehealth" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=telehealth&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Care You Need via Telemedicine" url="https://www.ncoa.org/article/getting-the-care-you-need-via-telemedicine/">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Council on Aging</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most Out of Your Telemedicine Visit" url="https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/telemedicineworksheet.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Schedule a Telehealth Appointment?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/how-do-i-schedule-telehealth-appointment" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/como-concierto-una-teleconsulta">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Improving Care Through Telehealth" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/improving-care-through-telehealth" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mejorando-la-atencion-a-traves-de-telesalud">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Telemedicine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stay Safe: Getting the Care You Need, at Home" url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-care-home.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-care-home-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Talking With Your Doctor: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000919.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth (Medicare Part B Coverage)" url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/telehealth" language-mapped-url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/telehealth">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth and Your Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/telemedicine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/telemedicine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telehealth: Technology Meets Health Care" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/telehealth/art-20044878?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/telehealth/art-20044878?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telemedicine" url="https://familydoctor.org/telemedicine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/telemedicina/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="VA Telehealth Services" url="https://telehealth.va.gov/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Can Be Treated through Telehealth?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/what-can-be-treated-through-telehealth" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/que-se-puede-tratar-mediante-telesalud">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Telemental Health?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/what-is-telemental-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/telesalud-mental">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Mental Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Should I Know before My Telehealth Visit?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/what-should-i-know-before-my-telehealth-visit" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/que-deberia-saber-antes-de-la-teleconsulta">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Expect at a Telehealth Visit (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/telehealth-how-to.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/telehealth-how-to.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Use Telehealth?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/why-use-telehealth" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/por-que-usar-la-telesalud">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La telesalud es el uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación para entregar servicios de salud a distancia. Conozca sobre sus beneficios, problemas y los tipos de servicios que ofrece." title="Telesalud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html" id="7468" language="Spanish" date-created="05/04/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la telesalud?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La telesalud, a veces llamada telemedicina, es el uso de tecnologías de comunicación para brindar atención médica a distancia. Estas tecnologías pueden incluir computadoras, cámaras, videoconferencia, internet y comunicaciones satelitales e inalámbricas. Algunos ejemplos de telemedicina incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una "visita virtual" con un profesional de la salud a través de una llamada telefónica o videollamada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Monitoreo remoto del paciente: Permite a su proveedor controlarlo mientras está en casa. Por ejemplo, puede usar un dispositivo que mida su ritmo cardíaco y envíe esa información a su proveedor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Un cirujano que utiliza tecnología robótica para hacer una operación desde una ubicación diferente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensores que pueden alertar a los cuidadores si una persona con demencia abandona la casa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enviar un mensaje a su profesional de la salud a través de su registro de salud electrónico (también llamado registro médico electrónico)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ver un video en línea que su proveedor le envió sobre cómo usar un inhalador&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recibir un recordatorio por correo electrónico, teléfono o mensaje de texto de que es hora de un examen de detección de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es la diferencia entre telemedicina y telesalud?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces se usa el término telemedicina para referirse a telesalud. La telesalud es un término más amplio. Incluye la telemedicina, pero también involucra cosas como capacitación para profesionales de la salud, reuniones administrativas de atención médica y servicios proporcionados por farmacéuticos y trabajadores sociales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los beneficios de la telesalud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los beneficios de la telesalud incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recibir atención en el hogar: En especial para personas que no pueden acceder fácilmente a las oficinas de sus profesionales de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recibir atención de un especialista que esté en otra locación &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recibir atención después del horario de atención&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mayor comunicación con sus proveedores de atención de salud &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mejor comunicación y coordinación entre los proveedores de atención médica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mayor apoyo para las personas que manejan sus afecciones de salud, especialmente enfermedades crónicas como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Menor costo, ya que las visitas virtuales pueden ser más baratas que las visitas en persona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los problemas que presenta la telesalud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los problemas con la telesalud incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si su visita virtual es con un profesional de la salud que no es su proveedor habitual, es posible que él o ella no tenga todos sus antecedentes médicos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Después de una visita virtual, puede que usted deba coordinar su atención con su proveedor habitual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En algunos casos, es posible que el proveedor no pueda hacer el diagnóstico correcto sin examinarlo en persona, o su proveedor puede necesitar que venga para una prueba de laboratorio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede haber problemas con la tecnología, por ejemplo, si pierde la conexión o hay un problema con el software, entre otros&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunas compañías de seguros pueden no cubrir las visitas de telesalud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de atención puedo obtener usando telesalud?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tipos de atención que puede recibir usando telesalud pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Atención médica general, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;visitas de bienestar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Recetas para medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dermatología (cuidado de la piel)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html"&gt;Exámenes de la vista&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Asesoría nutricional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consejería sobre salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Atención de urgencia para algunas afecciones, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html"&gt;sinusitis&lt;/a&gt;, i&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de las vías urinarias&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;erupciones cutáneas comunes&lt;/a&gt;, entre otras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Al igual que con las visitas en persona, para las visitas de telesalud es importante estar preparado y tener una buena comunicación con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthsystem.html" id="32">Sistemas de salud</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html" id="7467" language="English">Telehealth</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#OD">Oficina del Director de NIH</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" id="3074">Hablando con su doctor</related-topic>
<site title="Hablando con su doctor: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manténgase seguro: Obtenga atención médica en su hogar" url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-care-home-spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/c2c-covid-care-home.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mejorando la atención a través de telesalud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mejorando-la-atencion-a-traves-de-telesalud" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/improving-care-through-telehealth">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telemedicina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/telemedicina/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/telemedicine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telemedicina puede afectar la calidad de atención" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-telemedicina-puede-afectar-la-calidad-de-atencion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/telesalud">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud" url="https://es.medicare.gov/coverage/telehealth" language-mapped-url="https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/telehealth">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000919.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/telemedicine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/telemedicine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telesalud: Cuando la tecnología se une al cuidado de la salud" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/telehealth/art-20044878?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/telehealth/art-20044878?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo concierto una teleconsulta?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/como-concierto-una-teleconsulta" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/how-do-i-schedule-telehealth-appointment">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Las &quot;consultas por video&quot; pueden ser una buena opción para mi hijo?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/ask-the-pediatrician/paginas/can-video-visits-be-good-for-my-child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/ask-the-pediatrician/Pages/Can-video-visits-be-good-for-my-child.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué usar la telesalud?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/por-que-usar-la-telesalud" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/why-use-telehealth">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué debería saber antes de la teleconsulta?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/que-deberia-saber-antes-de-la-teleconsulta" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/what-should-i-know-before-my-telehealth-visit">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la telesalud mental?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/telesalud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/what-is-telemental-health">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué esperar en una visita de telesalud? (Para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/telehealth-how-to.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/telehealth-how-to.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué se puede tratar mediante telesalud?" url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/es/pacientes/que-se-puede-tratar-mediante-telesalud" language-mapped-url="https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/what-can-be-treated-through-telehealth">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los temblores son sacudidas no intencionales en una o más partes del cuerpo. La mayoría ocurren en las manos. Causas de los temblores, tratamientos." title="Temblor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html" id="2205" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Temblor esencial</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un temblor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un temblor es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;afección neurológica&lt;/a&gt; que incluye movimientos temblorosos o agitados en una o más partes del cuerpo. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a las manos, pero también puede ocurrir en brazos, piernas, la cabeza, las cuerdas vocales y el torso (tronco). El temblor es involuntario, lo que significa que no puede controlarlo. Ocurre debido a contracciones musculares.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El temblor puede aparecer y desaparecer o puede ser constante. Puede ocurrir por sí solo o ser causado por otro trastorno. No pone en riesgo la vida, pero puede ocasionar dificultades. Puede hacer más difícil la realización de tareas de la vida diaria como escribir, tipear, comer y vestirse. En algunos casos, el temblor puede incluso provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html"&gt;discapacidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de temblor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen varios tipos de temblor, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Temblor esencial&lt;/strong&gt;: A veces llamado temblor esencial benigno o temblor familiar. Este es el tipo más común. Suele afectar tanto a las manos como a los brazos al moverlos. También puede afectar la cabeza, la voz o las piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Temblor parkinsoniano&lt;/strong&gt;: Síntoma común en personas que tienen la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;. Por lo general, afecta una o ambas manos cuando están en reposo, pero puede afectar la barbilla, los labios, el rostro y las piernas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Temblor distónico&lt;/strong&gt;: Ocurre en personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html"&gt;distonía&lt;/a&gt;, un trastorno del movimiento que causa contracciones musculares involuntarias, lo que produce movimientos retorcidos y repetitivos. Puede afectar a cualquier músculo del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son las causas del temblor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el temblor es causado por un problema en las partes profundas del cerebro que controlan los movimientos. Para la mayoría de los tipos, la causa es desconocida. Algunos tipos se heredan y se presentan en familias. También puede haber otras causas, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos neurológicos: Incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;esclerosis múltiple&lt;/a&gt;, enfermedad de Parkinson, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;lesión cerebral traumática&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos: Medicinas para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;quimioterapia&lt;/a&gt;, anfetaminas, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; y medicamentos utilizados para ciertos trastornos psiquiátricos y neurológicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt; o abstinencia de alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html"&gt;Envenenamiento&lt;/a&gt; por ciertas sustancias tóxicas, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticidas&lt;/a&gt; y metales pesados como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html"&gt;mercurio&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;plomo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;Hipertiroidismo&lt;/a&gt; (tiroides hiperactiva)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insuficiencia hepática o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html"&gt;pánico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Demasiada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener temblores?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede tener temblor, pero es más común en adultos de mediana edad y mayores. Para ciertos tipos de temblores, tener antecedentes familiares aumenta el riesgo de contraerlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del temblor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del temblor pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sacudidas rítmicas en las manos, brazos, cabeza, piernas o torso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Voz temblorosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para escribir o dibujar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas para sostener y controlar utensilios, como una cuchara&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el temblor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene temblores y encontrar la causa, su profesional de la salud probablemente use:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico, que incluye verificar:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si el temblor ocurre cuando los músculos están en reposo o en acción&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La ubicación del temblor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Con qué frecuencia tiene el temblor y qué tan fuerte es&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen neurológico, incluyendo la verificación de:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html"&gt;Problemas de equilibrio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Problemas del habla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento de la rigidez muscular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre u orina para buscar la causa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt; para ayudar a determinar si la causa es daño cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas que verifiquen sus habilidades para realizar tareas diarias, como escribir a mano y sostener un tenedor o una taza
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/"&gt;electromiograma&lt;/a&gt;. Esta es una prueba que mide la actividad muscular involuntaria y cómo sus músculos responden a la estimulación nerviosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el temblor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para la mayoría de las formas de temblor, pero existen tratamientos para ayudar a controlar los síntomas. En algunos casos, los síntomas pueden ser tan leves que no necesita tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Encontrar el tratamiento adecuado depende de obtener el diagnóstico correcto de la causa. El temblor causado por otra afección médica puede mejorar o desaparecer cuando se trata el problema de base. Si su temblor es causado por algún medicamento, suspender su uso generalmente hace que el temblor desaparezca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para el temblor pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Existen diferentes medicinas para los tipos específicos de temblor. Otra opción son las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html"&gt;inyecciones de Botox&lt;/a&gt;, que pueden tratar varios tipos diferentes de temblores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cirugía&lt;/strong&gt;: Se puede utilizar en casos graves que no mejoran con medicamentos. El tipo más común es la estimulación cerebral profunda. Esta utiliza electrodos que se implantan en el cerebro. Los electrodos envían pulsos eléctricos a las partes del cerebro que causan el temblor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia física&lt;/strong&gt;, del habla y del lenguaje y ocupacional: Puede ayudar a controlar el temblor y lidiar con los desafíos diarios que causa&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si encuentra que la cafeína y otros estimulantes desencadenan sus temblores, puede ser útil eliminarlos de su dieta.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html" id="1315" language="English">Tremor</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<site title="Cuidados personales para los temblores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000564.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía rápida para comprender el temblor" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/una-guia-rapida-para-comprender-el-temblor" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-quick-guide-to-understanding-tremor">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Temblor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003192.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temblor" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/temblor" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/tremor-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Temblor esencial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000762.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temblor esencial" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/temblor-esencial-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/essential-tremor/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temblor inducido por fármacos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000765.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del movimiento: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect the joints that connect your lower jaw to your skull. TMDs can cause jaw pain and stiffness. Learn about treatments." title="Temporomandibular Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/temporomandibulardisorders.html" id="1235" language="English" date-created="03/20/2000">
<also-called>TMD</also-called>
<also-called>TMJ disorders</also-called>
<also-called>Temporomandibular joint dysfunction</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of more than 30 conditions that affect your temporomandibular joints (TMJs). You have two TMJs; one on each side of your jaw. They connect your lower jaw to your skull.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;TMDs can cause problems in your jaw joint and your muscles that control jaw movement. These problems can include pain, stiffness, and trouble chewing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three main types of TMDs:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disorders of your jaw joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disorders of the muscles you use for chewing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt; from a TMD&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many TMDs last only a short time and go away on their own. However, in some cases they can become chronic (long lasting)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sometimes an injury to the jaw or TMJ can cause a TMD. But in most cases, the cause is not known.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Research suggests that certain factors may play a role in why a TMD starts and whether it will be long lasting:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Psychological and life stressors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How someone perceives pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop a temporomandibular disorder (TMD)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can develop a TMD, but it is more common in women than in men. It is most common in women between 35 and 44 years old.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of TMDs may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in the chewing muscles and/or jaw joint. This is the most common symptom.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain that spreads to the face or neck.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jaw stiffness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limited movement or locking of the jaw.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful clicking or popping in your jaw joint when you open or close your mouth. However, clicking or popping &lt;strong&gt;without&lt;/strong&gt; pain is common and is not a sign of a TMD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html"&gt;Tinnitus&lt;/a&gt; (ringing in the ears), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;dizziness&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in the way the upper and lower teeth fit together.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no standard test used to diagnose TMDs, and some other conditions can cause some similar symptoms. This can make TMDs hard to diagnose.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have a TMD, your health care provider or dentist:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will take a detailed medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. They will want to know:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Where the pain is&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;When you have it&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;What makes it better or worse&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;If it stays in one area or spreads to other parts of your body&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;If you have any other pain conditions such as headache or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html"&gt;back pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will examine your head, neck, face, and jaw for:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tenderness&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Jaw clicking or popping&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Problems moving your jaw&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May order &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging studies&lt;/a&gt; such as an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For many people, the symptoms of TMD are temporary. To help you feel better, your provider or dentist may suggest that you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eat soft foods.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apply heat or cold to the face and do some exercises to gently stretch and strengthen your jaw muscles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stop clenching your jaw, chewing gum, and biting your nails.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If those do not help, your provider or dentist may suggest other treatments such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical therapy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Self-management and behavioral health approaches&lt;/strong&gt;, which can include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)&lt;/strong&gt;, a type of psychotherapy. It can help you identify negative thoughts and change them. It can also teach you coping skills.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Biofeedback&lt;/strong&gt;, which involves using electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension. For example, it can detect when you tighten your jaw muscles. You can learn how to recognize when this happens and then relax your muscles.&lt;/li&gt; 
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; such as:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Anti-anxiety medicines&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Anti-seizure medicines&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Prescription pain relievers&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;An intraoral appliance&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a device that fits over your teeth. Types of intraoral appliances include oral splints and mouth guards. If you are going to use one, it's important to: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Know that there is not a lot of evidence that they improve TMD pain.&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Make sure that the appliance you have is not designed to permanently change your bite.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Let your provider or dentist know if it makes your pain worse.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Complementary treatments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which are treatments that are used along with mainstream medical care. There is limited evidence showing that they help with TMD symptoms. But some providers and dentists may recommend &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuncture&lt;/a&gt; and transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS). TENS involves using a device to send a gentle electric current to your nerves or muscles. It may help treat pain by interrupting or blocking the pain signals.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are still having severe symptoms from a TMD, your provider or dentist may suggest surgery, including implant surgery, or another procedure.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;It's important to be careful, because sometimes surgery or another procedure may not work or may even make your symptoms worse. Before any surgery or other procedure, it is very important to get opinions from more than one provider and to completely understand the risks. If possible, get an opinion from a surgeon who specializes in treating TMDs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html" id="2190" language="Spanish">Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013705">Temporomandibular Joint Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<see-reference>TMD</see-reference>
<see-reference>TMJ</see-reference>
<see-reference>Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction</see-reference>
<site title="Bruxism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001413.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Less Is Often Best in Treating TMD" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2022-06/TMD-Less-Is-Often-Best.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2022-07/Al-tratar-los-trastornos-temporomandibulares.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal TMJ in Motion" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0N88Zd-Rykg" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eAK5f3D6-A">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temporomandibular Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Temporomandibular+Joint+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) Devices" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/dental-devices/temporomandibular-disorders-tmd-devices">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="TMD (Temporomandibular Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tmd" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-trastornos-temporomandibulares">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TMJ and Facial Pain" url="https://myoms.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ebook_TMJ_R.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TMJ disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001227.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TMJ Disorders" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tmj/symptoms-causes/syc-20350941?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tmj/symptoms-causes/syc-20350941?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="TMJ Disorders (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tmj.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tmj.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/tooth-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-dientes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tendinitis es la inflamación de los tendones o bandas elásticas que unen los músculos con los huesos. Entérese sobre tipos, síntomas, tratamientos. " title="Tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html" id="2249" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Inflamación de los tendones</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los tendones son cuerdas resistentes de tejido que unen los músculos con los huesos. Ayudan a los músculos a mover los huesos. Tendinitis es la inflamación severa de un tendón. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La tendinitis ocurre en forma usual tras una lesión recurrente en articulaciones como la muñeca o el tobillo. Algunos tipos comunes de tendinitis son nombrados según el deporte que aumenta su riesgo de sufrirla, como el "codo de tenista". &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los médicos diagnostican la tendinitis con su historia clínica, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen. El primer paso del tratamiento es reducir el dolor y la hinchazón. El descanso, inmovilizar o elevar el área afectada, junto a las medicinas, pueden ayudar. El hielo es útil para lesiones graves recientes. Otros tratamientos incluyen el ultrasonido, fisioterapia, inyecciones de esteroides y la cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html" id="1618" language="English">Tendinitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043">Enfermedades musculares</related-topic>
<site title="Artrografía directa" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Codo de tenista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000449.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dedo en gatillo" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/dedo-en-gatillo-trigger-finger" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/trigger-finger/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana de Cirugía de la Mano</organization>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción del tendón tibial posterior (PTTD)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de talón y tendinitis de Aquiles: Cuidados posteriores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor por tendinitis: ¿Qué es mejor: El hielo o el calor?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/expert-answers/tendinitis/faq-20057872?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/expert-answers/tendinitis/FAQ-20057872?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epicondilitis medial (codo de golfista)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007638.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones (aspiraciones) articulares" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyecciones en las articulaciones y en los tejidos blandos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas con el manguito de los rotadores" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000438.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteja sus tendones" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/proteja-sus-tendones">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilla de saltador" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rodilla de saltador (tendinitis rotuliana)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001229.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis (bursitis)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis aquílea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001072.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis de Aquiles" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/achilles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/achilles.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis de De Quervain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis proximal del bíceps" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/biceps-tendonitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/biceps-tendonitis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis rotuliana" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/patellar-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376113?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/patellar-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20376113?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenosinovitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001242.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenosinovitis de De Quervain: Causas y tratamiento" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tenosinovitis-de-de-quervain-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/de-quervains-tenosynovitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos comunes del tendón de Aquiles" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/achilles-tendon-disorders?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido musculoesquelético" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Do you have pain and soreness around your joint? You could have tendinitis, or swelling of a tendon. Read about who is at risk and how to treat it." title="Tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html" id="1618" language="English" date-created="04/22/2002">
<also-called>Tendonitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. They help your muscles move your bones.  Tendinitis is the severe swelling of a tendon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tendinitis usually happens after repeated injury to an area such as the wrist or ankle. It causes pain and soreness around a joint. Some common forms of tendinitis are named after the sports that increase their risk. They include tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, pitcher's shoulder, swimmer's shoulder, and jumper's knee.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose tendinitis with your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests. The first step in treatment is to reduce pain and swelling. Rest, wrapping or elevating the affected area, and medicines can help. Ice is helpful for recent, severe injuries. Other treatments include ultrasound, physical therapy, steroid injections, and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html" id="2249" language="Spanish">Tendinitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D052256">Tendinopathy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html" id="510">Muscle Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="Achilles Tendinitis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/achilles-tendinitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achilles tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001072.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Achilles Tendonitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/achilles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/achilles.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tendinitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tendinitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tendinopathy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tendinopathy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="De Quervain tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="De Quervain's Tendinosis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/de-quervains-tendinosis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="De Quervain's Tenosynovitis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/de-quervains-tenosynovitis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tenosinovitis-de-de-quervain-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Rheumatologist" url="https://my.rheumatology.org/rheumatology-provider-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heel pain and Achilles tendonitis -- aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000836.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint and Soft Tissue Injections" url="https://familydoctor.org/joint-and-soft-tissue-injections/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/inyecciones-en-las-articulaciones-y-en-los-tejidos-blandos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Joint Injections (Joint Aspirations)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/joint-injections-joint-aspirations" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/inyecciones-aspiraciones-articulares">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jumper's Knee" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jumper's Knee (Patellar Tendonitis) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/jumpers-knee.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/jumpers-knee.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007638.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal MRI" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Peroneal Tendinosis" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/ankle/peroneal-tendinosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction-(pttd)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proximal Biceps Tendonitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/biceps-tendonitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/biceps-tendonitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tendinopathy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rotator cuff problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000438.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shoulder Impingement/Rotator Cuff Tendinitis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/shoulder-impingementrotator-cuff-tendinitis" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.org/es/diseases--conditions/compresion-del-hombro-tendinitis-del-manguito-rotador-shoulder-impingementrotator-cuff-tendinitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001229.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis (Bursitis)" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/tendinitis-bursitis-espanol">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tendinitis Pain: Should I Apply Ice or Heat?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/expert-answers/tendinitis/FAQ-20057872?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/expert-answers/tendinitis/faq-20057872?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis elbow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000449.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/tennis-elbow-lateral-epicondylitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenosynovitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001242.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trigger Finger" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/trigger-finger/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/dedo-en-gatillo-trigger-finger">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La acupuntura, la quiropráctica y la medicina herbaria son tipos de medicinas complementarias o alternativas que pueden ayudar a un paciente de cáncer. " title="Terapia alternativa para el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3193" language="Spanish" date-created="04/29/2003">
<also-called>Medicina alternativa para el cáncer</also-called>
<also-called>Medicina complementaria para el cáncer</also-called>
<also-called>Terapia complementaria para el cáncer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene muchas opciones para su tratamiento del cáncer. Una de las opciones que puede considerar es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;medicina complementaria y alternativa&lt;/a&gt;, que se refiere a los productos y las prácticas médicas que no forman parte de los cuidados estándar.  Ejemplos de estas terapias son la acupuntura, la quiropráctica y la medicina herbaria.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los pacientes de cáncer pueden usar medicina complementaria y alternativa para:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayudar a enfrentar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Disminuir las preocupaciones por el tratamiento de cáncer y el estrés que significa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentir que están haciendo algo más para ayudar en su cuidado propio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos complementarios y alternativos  no funcionan para todos, pero algunos métodos como la acupuntura pueden ayudar a mejorar las náuseas, el dolor y otros efectos secundarios del tratamiento contra el cáncer. Hable con su médico para asegurarse que todos los aspectos del tratamiento funcionen en forma conjunta.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandalternativetherapies.html" id="35">Terapias complementarias y alternativas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html" id="3192" language="English">Cancer Alternative Therapies</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html" id="1751">Antioxidantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" id="1735">Medicina complementaria e integral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951">Medicina herbaria</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer, Terapia alternativa</see-reference>
<site title="714-X (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/714-x-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/714-x-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acupuntura (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/acupuntura-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/acupuncture-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Antineoplastones (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/antineoplastones-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/antineoplastons-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aromaterapia y aceites esenciales (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/aromaterapia-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/aromatherapy-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancell/Cantron/Protocel (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cancell-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cancell-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cannabis y canabinoides (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cannabis-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cardo mariano (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cardo-mariano-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/milk-thistle-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cartílago (bovino y de tiburón) (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/cartilago-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cartilage-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coenzima Q10 (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/coenzima-q10-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/coenzyme-q10-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos a la hora de hablar: Seis aspectos que debe conocer al elegir un profesional de medicina complementaria" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/consejos-a-la-hora-de-hablar-seis-aspectos-que-debe-conocer-al-elegir-un-profesional-de-medicina-complementaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-when-selecting-a-complementary-health-practitioner">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo protegerse de fraudes relacionados con el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000847.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="El cáncer y los enfoques de salud complementarios: lo que usted debe saber" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/espanol/cancer-en-detalles" language-mapped-url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cancer-and-complementary-health-approaches-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Espiritualidad en el tratamiento del cáncer (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/dia-a-dia/fe-y-espiritualidad/espiritualidad-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/day-to-day/faith-and-spirituality/spirituality-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Essiac y Flor Essence (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/essiac-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/essiac-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Extractos de muérdago (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/muerdago-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/mistletoe-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Interacciones de los alimentos y suplementos alimenticios con el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/interacciones-alimentos-suplementos-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/dietary-interactions-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laetrilo (amigdalina) (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/laetrilo-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/laetrile-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina complementaria y alternativa para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/information-summaries/cam">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicina Integrativa para el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000932.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Métodos de la medicina complementaria e integral" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/medicina-complementaria-e-integral/complementary-and-alternative-methods-and-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/complementary-and-integrative-medicine/complementary-and-alternative-methods-and-cancer.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="PC-SPES (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/pc-spes-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/pc-spes-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Productos que afirman &quot;curar&quot; el cáncer son un engaño cruel" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/los-productos-que-afirman-curar-el-cancer-son-un-engano-cruel" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/products-claiming-cure-cancer-are-cruel-deception">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sulfato de hidracina (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/sulfato-hidracina-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/hydrazine-sulfate-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suplementos alimenticios" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/medicina-complementaria-e-integral/dietary-supplements.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/complementary-and-integrative-medicine/dietary-supplements.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de hipertermia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/terapia-de-hipertermia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/hyperthermia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia Gerson (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/gerson-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/gerson-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos alternativos para el cáncer: 10 opciones a considerar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/cancer-treatment/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20047246?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cancer-treatment/in-depth/cancer-treatment/art-20047246?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/mca/paciente/ven-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/ndv-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La terapia con oxígeno provee oxígeno adicional cuando los pulmones no pueden absorber una cantidad suficiente de este gas. Entérese sobre sus usos. " title="Terapia con oxígeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html" id="5335" language="Spanish" date-created="02/16/2011">
<also-called>Oxigenoterapia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el oxígeno?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El oxígeno es un gas que su cuerpo necesita para funcionar bien. Sus células necesitan oxígeno para producir energía. Sus pulmones absorben el oxígeno del aire que respira. Luego ingresa a la sangre desde los pulmones y viaja a sus órganos y tejidos del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertas afecciones médicas pueden reducir sus niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. Un bajo nivel de oxígeno en la sangre puede hacer que se sienta &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;sin aliento&lt;/a&gt;, cansado y confundido. También puede dañar su cuerpo. La terapia con oxígeno puede ayudarle a obtener más oxígeno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la oxigenoterapia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La terapia con oxígeno es un tratamiento que le entrega oxígeno adicional para respirar. También se le llama oxígeno suplementario. Solo su profesional de la salud puede indicarle recibirla. Puede obtenerla en el hospital, otro entorno médico o en el hogar. Algunas personas solo la necesitan por un corto período de tiempo. Otros necesitan oxigenoterapia a largo plazo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de dispositivos que pueden proporcionarle oxígeno. Algunos usan tanques de oxígeno líquido o gaseoso. Otros usan un concentrador de oxígeno, el que extrae oxígeno del aire. Lo puede obtener a través de un tubo nasal (cánula), una máscara o una cámara de oxígeno. El oxígeno adicional es inspirado junto al aire normal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen dispositivos portátiles de tanques y concentradores de oxígeno. Pueden hacer que sea más fácil moverse mientras se aplica la terapia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita oxigenoterapia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede necesitar terapia con oxígeno si tiene una afección que causa niveles bajos de oxígeno en la sangre, como:&lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
  
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="../spanish/copd.html" tid="1836"&gt;Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;Neumonía&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" tid="3182"&gt;Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ataque grave de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;asma&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; en etapa avanzada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;Fibrosis quística&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html"&gt;Apnea del sueño&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los riesgos de usar oxigenoterapia?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, la oxigenoterapia es segura, pero puede causar efectos secundarios, como nariz seca o con sangre, cansancio y dolores de cabeza durante las mañanas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El oxígeno presenta un riesgo de incendio, por lo que nunca debe fumar ni usar materiales inflamables cuando lo use. Si utiliza tanques de oxígeno, asegúrese de que su tanque está firme y se mantenga en posición vertical. Si se cae y se rompe, o la parte superior se quiebra, el tanque puede salir volando como un misil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica es un tipo diferente de terapia con oxígeno. Consiste en respirar oxígeno en una cámara o tubo presurizado, permitiendo que sus pulmones acumulen hasta tres veces más oxígeno del que obtendría al respirar a una presión de aire normal. El oxígeno adicional se mueve a través de su sangre hacia sus órganos y tejidos corporales. La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica se usa para tratar ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;heridas&lt;/a&gt; graves, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;quemaduras&lt;/a&gt;, lesiones e infecciones. También trata las embolias de aire o gas (burbujas de aire en el torrente sanguíneo), la enfermedad de descompresión que sufren los buzos y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html"&gt;envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos centros de tratamiento afirman que la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica puede tratar casi cualquier afección, incluyendo la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Alzheimer&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;autismo&lt;/a&gt;, el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html"&gt;cáncer&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Lyme&lt;/a&gt;. La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA) no ha aprobado o admitido el uso de esta terapia para estas afecciones. El uso de oxigenoterapia hiperbárica tiene riesgos, por ello, consulte siempre con su profesional de la salud antes de probarla.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html" id="5334" language="English">Oxygen Therapy</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Oxígeno, Terapia</see-reference>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007242.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oximetría de pulso" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/pulse-oximetry.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulse-oximetry.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oxímetros de pulso y concentradores de oxígeno: Lo que debe saber sobre la terapia de oxígeno en el hogar" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/oximetros-de-pulso-y-concentradores-de-oxigeno-lo-que-debe-saber-sobre-la-terapia-de-oxigeno-en-el" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/pulse-oximeters-and-oxygen-concentrators-what-know-about-home-oxygen-therapy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad con el oxígeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000049.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000048.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del oxígeno en el hogar: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000251.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viajar con problemas respiratorios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000066.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La terapia de reemplazo hormonal puede ayudar a aliviar síntomas de la menopausia, pero algunos tipos pueden significar ciertos riesgos. Aquí más." title="Terapia de reemplazo hormonal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="2252" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt;  es la época de la vida de una mujer en la cual deja de tener menstruacionesLos años antes y  durante la menopausia, los niveles de hormonas femeninas pueden subir y bajar. Esto puede provocar síntomas como acaloramientos súbitos, sudoración nocturna, dolor durante las relaciones sexuales y resequedad vaginal. Para algunas mujeres, los síntomas son leves y desaparecen por si solos. Otras reciben un tratamiento de reemplazo hormonal, también llamada terapia hormonal para la menopausia, para aliviar esos síntomas. El tratamientotambién puede protegerla contra la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La terapia de reemplazo hormonal no es para todos. No debería someterse a ella si:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Piensa que está embarazada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene problemas de sangrado vaginal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido ciertos tipos de cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido un accidente cerebrovascular o ataque cardíaco&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha tenido coágulos de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene enfermedad hepática&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de terapia de reemplazo hormonal. Algunas contienen solo una hormona, mientras que otras tienen dos. La mayoría son pastillas que toma todos los días, pero también hay parches cutáneos, cremas vaginales, geles y anillos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La terapia de reemplazo hormonal tiene algunos riesgos. Para algunas mujeres, puede aumentar sus probabilidades de desarrollar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulos sanguíneos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataques cardíacos&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrames cerebrales&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de mama&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad de la vesícula biliar&lt;/a&gt;. Ciertos tipos de terapia de reemplazo hormonal tienen un mayor riesgo, los que pueden variar en cada mujer, dependiendo de su historia clínica y estilo de vida. Usted y su proveedor de atención médica deben analizar los riesgos y beneficios. Si decide someterse a la terapia, debe consistir en la dosis más baja y por el tiempo más corto posible. Debe confirmar si aún necesita tomar la terapia de reemplazo hormonal cada 3-6 meses.&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html" id="1610" language="English">Hormone Replacement Therapy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html" id="2032">Menopausia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hormonas, Terapia de reemplazo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Menopausia, Terapia hormonal</see-reference>
<site title="Decidir sobre la terapia hormonal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000694.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hormonas bioidénticas: ¿Son más seguras?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/bioidentical-hormones/faq-20058460?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopausia y las hormonas: Preguntas comunes" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/la-menopausia-y-las-hormonas-preguntas-comunes-menopause-hormones-common-questions" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/130242/download">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis de estrógenos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002584.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de reemplazo hormonal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/terapia-de-reemplazo-hormonal/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de reemplazo hormonal: ¿Puede causar sangrado vaginal?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menopause/expert-answers/hormone-replacement-therapy/faq-20058499?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal en la menopausia y el riesgo de padecer cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/tratamientos-medicos/terapia-de-restitucion-de-hormonas-en-la-menopausia-y-el-riesgo-de-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para el cáncer de mama" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/hoja-informativa-terapia-hormonal-seno" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal para la menopausia y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-hormonas-menopausia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/mht-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Terapia hormonal: ¿Es adecuada para ti?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/menopause/in-depth/hormone-therapy/art-20046372?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de terapia hormonal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000695.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La terapia intensiva ayuda a personas con lesiones y enfermedades que ponen en riesgo su vida. Consiste de atención médica especializada constante." title="Terapia intensiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/criticalcare.html" id="1841" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Cuidado crítico</also-called>
<also-called>Cuidado intensivo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la terapia intensiva?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La terapia intensiva (también llamada atención crítica) es la atención médica para personas que tienen lesiones y enfermedades que pueden ser mortales. Suele proveerse en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Un equipo de proveedores de atención médica especialmente capacitados brinda esta atención las 24 horas. Esto incluye el uso de máquinas para controlar en forma constante sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html"&gt;signos vitales&lt;/a&gt;. En general, también implica brindar tratamientos especializados.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita terapia intensiva?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted necesita terapia intensiva si tiene una enfermedad o lesión que puede ser mortal, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html"&gt;Quemaduras&lt;/a&gt; severas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" tid="3182" aria-describedby="ui-id-5"&gt;Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;Ataque cardiaco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia renal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Personas recuperándose de ciertas cirugías mayores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html"&gt;Insuficiencia respiratoria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html"&gt;Sepsis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html"&gt;Hemorragia&lt;/a&gt; severa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;Infecciones&lt;/a&gt; graves&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html"&gt;Lesiones&lt;/a&gt; graves como accidentes automovilísticos, caídas y tiroteos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html"&gt;Shock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Accidente cerebrovascular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre en una unidad de cuidados intensivos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En una unidad de cuidados intensivos, profesionales de la salud usan muchos equipos diferentes, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Catéteres: Tubos flexibles que se usan para introducir líquidos en el cuerpo o para drenarlos del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Máquinas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt; (riñones artificiales) para personas con insuficiencia renal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sondas de alimentación: Brindan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html"&gt;nutrición artificial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Sondas intravenosas (IV) para administrarle líquidos y medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Máquinas que verifican sus signos vitales y los registran en monitores&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html"&gt;Terapia de oxígeno&lt;/a&gt; para brindarle oxígeno adicional para respirar&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cánulas de traqueostomía: Son tubos para la respiración. La cánula se coloca en un orificio hecho quirúrgicamente que atraviesa el cuello y llega a la tráquea&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Ventiladores (máquinas de respiración): Mueven el aire dentro y fuera de los pulmones. Esto es para personas con insuficiencia respiratoria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Estas máquinas pueden ayudarle a mantenerse con vida, pero muchas de ellas también pueden aumentar su riesgo de infección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, las personas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos no pueden comunicarse. Es importante que cuente con  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html"&gt;directivas médicas por adelantado&lt;/a&gt;. Esto puede ayudar a sus proveedores de atención médica y sus familiares a tomar decisiones importantes, incluyendo decisiones sobre el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html"&gt;final de la vida&lt;/a&gt;, si usted no puede tomarlas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Cirugía y rehabilitación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/criticalcare.html" id="1352" language="English">Critical Care</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Cuidado crítico</see-reference>
<site title="Cambio de apósito para catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000156.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambio del apósito para el catéter central colocado por vía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000462.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cateterismo cardíaco derecho de Swan-Ganz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003870.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003870.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Catéteres centrales de inserción periférica (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picc-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picc-lines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación de una vía intravenosa" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-iv.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su bebé está en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nicu-caring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando su hijo está en la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico (PICU) (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picu.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de una traqueotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Especialistas y personal de apoyo de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007249.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de catéter colocado por vía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000461.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de sonda pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de una sonda torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavado del catéter central colocado por vía periférica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000159.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lavado del catéter venoso central" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento prematuro: En la NICU" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/en-la-nicu.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/nicu">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oxigenación por membrana extracorporal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007234.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007234.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puertos implantados (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/implanted-ports.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/implanted-ports.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes de los padres hacia la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/preemie/paginas/common-parent-reactions-to-the-nicu.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/pages/Common-Parent-Reactions-to-the-NICU.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100043_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100043_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002955.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traqueotomía (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tracheostomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tracheostomy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventilador mecánico en bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007240.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007240.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ventilador/Soporte ventilatorio: ¿Qué es?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/ventilador" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/ventilator">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vías centrales (catéteres venosos centrales)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-lines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-lines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un terremoto, puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Esto puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, ansiedad y pérdidas." title="Terremotos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html" id="4595" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Se produce un terremoto cuando hay un desplazamiento súbito de un bloque de tierra sobre otro. Los terremotos ocurren repentinamente, en forma violenta y sin aviso previo en cualquier momento del día o de la noche. Si un terremoto ocurre en un área poblada, puede causar daños a las propiedades, lesiones e incluso muertes. Si vive en un área costera, existe la posibilidad de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html"&gt;tsunami&lt;/a&gt;. Los daños causados por los terremotos también pueden conducir a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html"&gt;inundaciones&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html"&gt;incendios&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un terremoto, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;maneras de superarlo&lt;/a&gt;.

&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html" id="4594" language="English">Earthquakes</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3798">Enfrentarse con desastres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="1862">Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre</related-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres naturales</see-reference>
<site title="Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias" url="https://www.fema.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cruz Roja Americana" url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Cruz Roja Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deslizamientos de tierra y aludes de barro" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/landslides.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/landslides-and-mudslides/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listo niños" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terremotos" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/terremotos">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terremotos" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids/disaster-facts/earthquakes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terremotos" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/terremotos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/earthquakes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Testicular cancer mainly affects young men between the ages of 20 and 39. Symptoms include pain, swelling, or lumps in your testicles or groin area." title="Testicular Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html" id="434" language="English" date-created="08/04/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is testicular cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Testicular cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles. The testicles, or testes, are part of the male reproductive system. They make male hormones and sperm. They are two egg-shaped glands inside the scrotum, a sac of loose skin that lies below the penis. You can get cancer in one or both testicles.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is most likely to develop testicular cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Testicular cancer is very rare. You can get it at any age, but it is most common in men between the ages of 20 and 39.  It is also more common in those who:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had abnormal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/testiculardisorders.html"&gt;testicle&lt;/a&gt; development&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had an undescended testicle, a condition in which one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Have had testicle cancer before&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of the cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are White&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of testicular cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of testicular cancer may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A painless lump or swelling in either testicle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in how the testicle feels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A dull ache in the lower abdomen (belly) or the groin (the area where the thigh meets the abdomen)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A sudden build-up of fluid in the scrotum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is testicular cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have testicular cancer, your health care provider may use:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;ultrasound&lt;/a&gt; of the testicles.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An inguinal orchiectomy, which is a procedure to remove the entire testicle. A tissue sample from the testicle is viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for testicular cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Testicular cancer can usually be cured.The treatment options include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery (if the testicle has not already been removed during diagnosis).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;Radiation therapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;High-dose chemotherapy with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html"&gt;stem cell transplant&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surveillance, which might be done after surgery. It means that your provider will closely follow your condition with regular exams and tests. You won't get any further treatment unless there are changes in your test results.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the treatments may also cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt;. If you may want to have children later on, you should consider sperm banking before treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it's important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html" id="2191" language="Spanish">Cáncer de testículo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013736">Testicular Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/testiculardisorders.html" id="4280">Testicular Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Seminoma</see-reference>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha fetoprotein" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003573.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003573.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) Tumor Marker Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-tumor-marker-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-marcador-tumoral-afp-alfafetoproteina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Testicular Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Stat Facts: Testicular Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/chemotherapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/quimioterapia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Testicular Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/child-testicular-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/testiculo/paciente/tratamiento-testiculo-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Testicular Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Testicular+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/testicular">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/extracraneal-celulas-germinativas/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/testiculo/paciente/tratamiento-testiculo-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplant for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/high-dose-chemo-stem-cell.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/quimioterapia-en-altas-dosis-con-trasplante-de-celulas-madre.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Do a Testicular Self-Exam" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tse.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leydig cell testicular tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000409.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Testicular Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/after-treatment/survivorship.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/despues-del-tratamiento/descargo-de-responsabilidad.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Testicular+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radiation Therapy for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/radiation-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/radioterapia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scrotal Masses" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scrotal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003780.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgery for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/surgery.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/cirugia.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicle lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003162.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003908.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003908.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Cancer" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/testicular-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-de-testiculo/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001288.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/patient/testicular-screening-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/testiculo/paciente/deteccion-testiculo-pdq#section/all">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Exam" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/testicular-exam/about/pac-20385252?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Microlithiasis: Is It Linked with Testicular Cancer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/expert-answers/microlithiasis/faq-20058074?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/expert-answers/microlithiasis/faq-20058074?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular self-exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003909.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Testicular Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Testicular Cancer, by Type and Stage" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/treating/by-stage.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/tratamiento/por-etapa.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Scrotum" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-scrotal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-scrotal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Testicular Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Testicular Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/about/what-is-testicular-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/acerca/que-es-el-cancer-de-testiculo.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Testicular Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/testicular-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-testiculo/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Testicular cancer mainly affects young men between the ages of 20 and 39. You can get cancer in one or both testicles. Know what to look out for. " title="Testicular Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/testiculardisorders.html" id="4280" language="English" date-created="01/23/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Testicles, or testes, make male hormones and sperm. They are two egg-shaped organs inside the scrotum, the loose sac of skin behind the penis. It's easy to injure your testicles because they are not protected by bones or muscles. Men and boys should wear athletic supporters when they play sports. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should examine your testicles monthly and seek medical attention for lumps, redness, pain or other changes. Testicles can get inflamed or infected. They can also develop cancer. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html"&gt;Testicular cancer&lt;/a&gt; is rare and highly treatable. It usually happens between the ages of 15 and 40.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html" id="4281" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de los testículos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013733">Testicular Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/penisdisorders.html" id="1360">Penis Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html" id="434">Testicular Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Male Genital Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Semen</see-reference>
<see-reference>Undescended Testicle</see-reference>
<site title="Anorchia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001185.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001185.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood in Semen" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/blood-in-semen/basics/definition/SYM-20050603?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood in the semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003163.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cryptorchidism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Cryptorchidism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Genital Diseases, Male" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Genital+Diseases,+Male%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Testicular Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Testicular+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Communicating Hydrocele" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Communicating-Hydrocele.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Paginas/Communicating-Hydrocele.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="DHEA Sulfate Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dhea-sulfate-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sulfato-de-dhea/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Discolored Semen: What Does It Mean?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/discolored-semen/expert-answers/FAQ-20058363?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/discolored-semen/expert-answers/faq-20058363?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epididymitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363853?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Problems in Men" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-men/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-en-los-hombres/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000518.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000518.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocele" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hydrocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20363969?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocele repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002999.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002999.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydrocele repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100163_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100163_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000390.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000390.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="LH response to GnRH blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003709.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003709.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Luteinizing hormone (LH) blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003708.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Male Reproductive System" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/male-reproductive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/male-reproductive.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orchitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orchitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20375860?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Orchitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001280.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001280.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Testicular+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quick Summary: Hydrocele (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydrocele-animation.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retractile Testicle" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/retractile-testicle/symptoms-causes/syc-20377197?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/retractile-testicle/symptoms-causes/syc-20377197?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scrotal Masses" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scrotal masses" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001283.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scrotal swelling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003161.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003161.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scrotal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003780.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spermatocele" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spermatocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spermatocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377829?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicle lump" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003162.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicle Pain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/testicle-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050942?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicle pain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003160.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003160.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Exam" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/testicular-exam/about/pac-20385252?p=1">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Exams" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicles.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular failure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000395.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Injuries" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/testicular-injuries.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/testicular-injuries.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular self-exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003909.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular torsion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000517.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Torsion" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-torsion/symptoms-causes/syc-20378270?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular Torsion (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/torsion.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/torsion.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular torsion repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002994.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002994.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testicular torsion repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100187_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100187_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Testosterone Levels Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/testosterone-levels-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-niveles-de-testosterona/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transillumination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003389.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003389.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound -- Scrotum" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-scrotal" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-scrotal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Undescended testicle" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000973.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Undescended testicle repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003002.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003002.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cryptorchidism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cryptorchidism.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20378771?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001284.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/varicocele.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele Embolization" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Varicocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/varicocele">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Pediatric Urologist?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Urologist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-urologist.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A vaccine can prevent tetanus. It is given as a part of routine childhood immunization. Adults should get a tetanus shot, or booster, every 10 years." title="Tetanus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html" id="435" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria. The bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria can enter the body through a deep cut, like those you might get from stepping on a nail, or through a burn.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The infection causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw. This makes it impossible to open your mouth or swallow. Tetanus is a medical emergency. You need to get treatment in a hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;vaccine&lt;/a&gt; can prevent tetanus.  It is given as a part of routine childhood vaccination. Adults should get a tetanus shot, or booster, every 10 years. If you get a bad cut or burn, see your doctor - you may need a booster. Immediate and proper wound care can prevent tetanus infection.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html" id="2192" language="Spanish">Tétanos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013742">Tetanus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6322">Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lockjaw</see-reference>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tetanus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tetanus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tetanus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tetanus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tetanus.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000615.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000615.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tetanus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tetanus.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus Surveillance and Trends" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/php/surveillance/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus: Questions and Answers" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4220.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="This page will teach you about combinations of vaccines for tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. Find out who should get which vaccine and at what age to start." title="Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6322" language="English" date-created="01/19/2016">
<also-called>DTaP</also-called>
<also-called>DTaP/Tdap/Td</also-called>
<also-called>Td</also-called>
<also-called>Td vaccination booster</also-called>
<also-called>Tdap</also-called>
<also-called>Tetanus booster</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html"&gt;Tetanus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html"&gt;diphtheria&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html"&gt;pertussis&lt;/a&gt; (whooping cough) are serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterial infections&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tetanus&lt;/strong&gt; is an uncommon disease that requires immediate treatment in a hospital. It causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diphtheria&lt;/strong&gt; usually affects the nose and throat. But it can also affect the skin and other body parts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whooping cough&lt;/strong&gt; can cause uncontrollable coughing fits. It may begin like a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;cold&lt;/a&gt;, but unlike a cold, the coughing can last for weeks or months.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vaccines can protect you from these diseases. In the U.S., there are three combination vaccines:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DTaP&lt;/strong&gt; (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) prevents all three diseases. It is for babies and children under age 7. There are several different DTaP vaccines. Some of them also protect against other diseases.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tdap&lt;/strong&gt; (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) also prevents all three diseases. It is for older children and adults.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Td&lt;/strong&gt; (tetanus and diphtheria) prevents those two diseases. It is for older children and adults. It is usually given as a booster dose every 10 years. You may also get it after 5 years if you get a severe or dirty wound or burn.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people should not get these vaccines, including those who have had severe reactions to the shots before. Check with your health care provider first if you have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;seizures&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;neurologic problem&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;Guillain-Barre syndrome&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with minor illnesses such as a cold can get vaccinated. But those who are more ill may need wait until they feel better before getting some vaccines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6323" language="Spanish">Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D022681">Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D022422">Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015721">Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Հայերեն" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Armenian">Armenian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Trukese" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Chuukese">Chuukese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Deutsch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#German">German</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ilokano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Ilocano">Ilocano</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bahasa Indonesia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Indonesian">Indonesian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Italiano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Italian">Italian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rwanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Ebon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Marshallese">Marshallese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Mahsen en Pohnpei" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Pohnpeian">Pohnpeian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Punjabi">Punjabi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Gagana Samoa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Samoan">Samoan</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ภาษาไทย" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Thai">Thai</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="tigriññā / ትግርኛ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Tigrinya">Tigrinya</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="lea faka-Tonga" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Tongan ">Tongan </other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ייִדיש" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html#Yiddish">Yiddish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html" id="1512">Diphtheria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html" id="435">Tetanus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html" id="461">Whooping Cough</related-topic>
<site title="Ask the Experts: Pertussis" url="https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/pertussis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular+Pertussis+Vaccines%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Current Vaccine Shortages and Delays" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vaccines-us/shortages-delays.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diphtheria Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/diphtheria-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diphtheria Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/diphtheria/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_tdap.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pertussis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diphtheria-Tetanus+Vaccine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis+Vaccine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular+Pertussis+Vaccines%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Td  (Tetanus and Diphtheria) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/td.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_td.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis) Vaccine: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/tdap.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tdap (Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis) Vaccine Requirements for Secondary School" url="https://www.immunize.org/official-guidance/state-policies/vaccine-requirements/tdap-school-2024/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Immunization Action Coalition</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tdap Vaccination for Pregnant People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/tdap-vaccination-for-pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/get-vaccinated-sp.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialescdc/tetanos/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis-tdap-vaccine-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-tdap-difteria-tetanos-pertussis/pdf/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whooping Cough Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/pertussis-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders. They affect your ability to make hemoglobin. This can cause anemia. Learn about the types and treatments." title="Thalassemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html" id="4239" language="English" date-created="10/17/2005">
<also-called>Cooley's anemia</also-called>
<also-called>Mediterranean anemia</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders. If you have one, your body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen to the body. That leads to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;. Thalassemias occur most often among people of Italian, Greek, Middle Eastern, Southern Asian, and African descent.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thalassemias can be mild or severe. Some people have no symptoms or mild anemia. The most common severe type in the United States is called Cooley's anemia. It usually appears during the first two years of life. People with it may have severe anemia, slowed growth and delayed puberty, and problems with the spleen, liver, heart, or bones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose thalassemias using blood tests. Treatments include blood transfusions and treatment to remove excess iron from the body. If you have mild symptoms or no symptoms, you may not need treatment. In some severe cases, you may need a bone marrow transplant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html" id="4240" language="Spanish">Talasemia</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013789">Thalassemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html" id="139">Anemia</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cooley's Anemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mediterranean Anemia</see-reference>
<site title="About Thalassemia" url="https://www.thalassemia.org/learn-about-thalassemia/about-thalassemia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Cooley's Anemia Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Thalassemia" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Thalassemia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Thalassemia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/thalassemia/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/thalassemia/facts.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha Thalassemia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thalassemias.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thalassemias.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alpha thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-thalassemia-x-linked-intellectual-disability-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alpha thalassemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alpha-thalassemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Beta Thalassemia (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/beta-thalassemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/beta-thalassemia.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beta thalassemia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/beta-thalassemia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: beta-Thalassemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22beta-Thalassemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thalassemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thalassemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobin Electrophoresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electroforesis-de-hemoglobina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemoglobinuria test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iron Chelation" url="https://www.aamds.org/treatment/iron-chelation">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Thalassemia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/thalassemia/living-with/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/thalassemia/living.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osmotic fragility test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003641.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thalassemia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thalassemia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Real Stories from People Living with Thalassemia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/thalassemia/stories/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/thalassemia/stories.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thalassemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354995?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354995?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thalassemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000587.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thalassemia Care Centers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/thalassemia/treatment/treatment-centers.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Thalassemia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/thalassemia/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/thalassemia/treatment.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatments for Blood Disorders" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Thalassemia?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thalassemia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="In thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), a compressed nerve or blood vessel causes pain in your arm, shoulder, and neck. Read about the types and treatment." title="Thoracic Outlet Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html" id="1251" language="English" date-created="06/02/2000">
<also-called>TOS</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) causes pain in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;shoulder&lt;/a&gt;, arm, and neck. It happens when the nerves or blood vessels just below your neck are compressed, or squeezed. The compression can happen between the muscles of your neck and shoulder or between the first rib and collarbone. You may feel burning, tingling, and numbness along your arm, hand, and fingers. If a nerve is compressed, you may also feel weakness in your hand. If a vein is compressed, your hand might be sensitive to cold, or turn pale or bluish. Your arm might swell and tire easily.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TOS is more common in women.  It usually starts between 20 and 50 years of age.  Doctors do nerve and imaging studies to diagnose it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are many causes of TOS, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anatomical defects&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tumors that press on nerves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poor posture that causes nerve compression&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repetitive arm and shoulder movements and activity, such as from playing certain sports&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on what caused your TOS. Medicines, physical therapy, and relaxation might help. Surgery may also be an option. Most people recover.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html" id="2193" language="Spanish">Síndrome de la salida torácica</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013901">Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thoracic+Outlet+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Musculoskeletal Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic Outlet Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thoracic+Outlet+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic outlet syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001434.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thoracic Outlet Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/thoracic-outlet-syndrome">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Throat cancer has different names, depending on what part of the throat is affected (such as oropharynx). Learn the different symptoms and treatments." title="Throat Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html" id="5841" language="English" date-created="08/17/2011">
<also-called>Hypopharyngeal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Laryngeal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Laryngopharyngeal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Nasopharyngeal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Oropharyngeal cancer</also-called>
<also-called>Pharyngeal cancer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Throat cancer is a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html"&gt;head and neck cancer&lt;/a&gt;. Throat cancer has different names, depending on which part of the throat is affected. The different parts of your throat are called the oropharynx, the hypopharynx, the nasopharynx, and the larynx, or voice box.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The main risk factors for throat cancer are using tobacco heavy drinking. Certain types of throat cancer also have other risk factors. For example, having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt; is a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of throat cancer may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A sore throat that does not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in the neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or ringing in the ears&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ear pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To diagnose throat cancers, doctors may do a physical exam and history, imaging tests, and a biopsy. You may also need other tests, depending on the type of cancer. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment for some types of throat cancer may also include targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html" id="5842" language="Spanish">Cáncer de garganta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010610">Pharyngeal Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html" id="330">Head and Neck Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html" id="331">Oral Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html" id="1660">Throat Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hypopharyngeal Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Laryngeal Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Laryngopharyngeal Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nasopharyngeal Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Oropharyngeal Cancer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pharyngeal Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Nasopharyngeal Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer of the Larynx" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/laryn.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer of the throat or larynx" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000020.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000020.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Stat Facts: Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Laryngeal Tumors Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/laryngeal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-laringe-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/child/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/infantil/tratamiento-nasofaringe-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypopharyngeal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Laryngeal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Laryngeal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Nasopharyngeal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Oropharyngeal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Oropharyngeal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pharyngeal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pharyngeal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Laryngeal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-laringe-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Nasopharyngeal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-hipofaringe-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Oropharyngeal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-orofaringe-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cabeza-cuello/paciente/adulto/tratamiento-hipofaringe-pdq#section/_1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007398.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007398.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Laryngeal or Hypopharyngeal Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Dryness or Thick Saliva" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oropharynx lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Throat Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pharyngeal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Laryngeal or Hypopharyngeal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Throat Cancer" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Throat or larynx cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001042.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Options for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer by Stage" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/by-stage.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/tratamiento/por-etapa.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/about/what-is-oral-cavity-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-orofaringe-y-de-cavidad-oral/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-cavidad-oral.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer Research and Treatment?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-laringe-e-hipofaringe/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Throat problems are common and are usually caused by a viral infection. Learn more about problems that affect the throat." title="Throat Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html" id="1660" language="English" date-created="05/22/2002">
<also-called>Pharyngeal disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx. The technical name for your throat is the pharynx. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Throat problems are common. You've probably had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;sore throat&lt;/a&gt;. The cause is usually a viral infection, but other causes include allergies, infection with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;strep&lt;/a&gt;  bacteria or the leaking of stomach acids back up into the esophagus, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html"&gt;GERD&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other problems that affect the throat include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html"&gt;Tonsillitis&lt;/a&gt; - inflammation of the tonsils&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html"&gt;Cancer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html"&gt;Croup&lt;/a&gt; - inflammation, usually in small children, which causes a barking cough&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Laryngitis - swelling of the voice box, which can cause a hoarse voice or loss of voice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most throat problems are minor and go away on their own. Treatments, when needed, depend on the problem.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html" id="2261" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la garganta</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010608">Pharyngeal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html" id="1515">Adenoids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" id="6292">Croup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html" id="4748">Sore Throat</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409">Speech and Communication Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html" id="1309">Swallowing Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html" id="5841">Throat Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html" id="6440">Tonsillitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html" id="1650">Voice Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Laryngitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pharynx Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Voicebox Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="About Strep Throat" url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/about/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-la-infeccion-de-garganta-por-estreptococos.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Barium Swallow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blockage of upper airway" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000067.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Laryngeal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Laryngeal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Laryngitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Laryngitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pharyngeal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pharyngeal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Croup: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epiglottitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372227?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epiglottitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000605.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="GERD and LPR" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/gerd-and-lpr/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossopharyngeal neuralgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001636.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpangina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000969.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoarseness" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/hoarseness/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374262?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001385.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngoceles" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/laryngeal-disorders/laryngoceles" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-laringe/laringoceles">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngoscopy and nasolaryngoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007507.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Dryness or Thick Saliva" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/dry-mouth.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/problemas-alimentarios/resequedad-de-la-boca.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neck Swelling (Symptom Checker)" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/neck-swelling/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/hinchazon-del-cuello/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oropharynx lesion biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003850.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003850.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-Nasal Drip" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/post-nasal-drip/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Throat Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pharyngeal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis or Laryngeal Papillomatosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retropharyngeal abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000984.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000984.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retropharyngeal Abscess (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/retropharyngeal-abscess.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scarlet Fever (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scarlet-fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scarlet-fever.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Scoop on Strep Throat (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep A Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/strep-a-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-estreptococos-a/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Strep Test: Throat Culture (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest11.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/labtest11.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep throat" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000639.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000639.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep Throat" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Strep Throat (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strep-throat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/strep-throat.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Throat Problems (Symptom Checker)" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/throat-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-garganta/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Throat swab culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003746.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003746.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When a Sore Throat Is a More Serious Infection" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/pages/When-a-Sore-Thoat-is-a-More-Serious-Infection.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/when-a-sore-thoat-is-a-more-serious-infection.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Neck" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Thymus Cancer (thymoma) is rare. Symptoms include a cough that doesn’t go away, chest pain, and trouble breathing. Explore your treatment options." title="Thymus Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/thymuscancer.html" id="1245" language="English" date-created="10/26/2000">
<also-called>Thymoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The thymus is a small organ in your upper chest, under your breastbone. Before birth and during childhood, the thymus helps the body make a type of white blood cell. These cells help protect you from infections. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cancer of the thymus is rare. You are more likely to get it if you have other diseases such as myasthenia gravis, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Sometimes there are no symptoms.  Other times, thymus cancer can cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A cough that doesn't go away &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy to diagnose thymus cancer. The most common treatment is surgery to remove the tumor. Other options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thymuscancer.html" id="2194" language="Spanish">Cáncer de timo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013953">Thymus Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thymuscancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Thymus Cancer Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thymus-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000057.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/child-thymoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-infantil-pdq">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thymus Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thymus+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocrine System (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/thymoma-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics about Thymus Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thymus-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinal tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001086.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Myasthenia Gravis" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myasthenia-gravis">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thymus Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thymus+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/thymoma-treatment-pdq#_26" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-pdq#_26">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thymoma/patient/thymoma-treatment-pdq#_50" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/timoma/paciente/tratamiento-timoma-pdq#_50">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck. There are several thyroid cancer types with different treatments. Discover options available." title="Thyroid Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html" id="438" language="English" date-created="09/23/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is thyroid cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thyroid cancer is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the thyroid. Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt; that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the different types of thyroid cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different types of thyroid cancer; the main ones include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Differentiated thyroid cancer, which includes papillary cancer and follicular cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medullary thyroid cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anaplastic thyroid cancer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop thyroid cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain people are more likely to develop thyroid cancer. Your risk is higher if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are between ages 25 and 65&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a woman&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are Asian&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Were exposed to certain types of radiation, including from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html"&gt;radiation treatments&lt;/a&gt; to your head or neck as a child or from a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html"&gt;radiation emergency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have had a goiter (enlarged thyroid)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic conditions&lt;/a&gt;, including certain types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/"&gt;multiple endocrine neoplasia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a family history of thyroid cancer or thyroid disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of thyroid cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thyroid cancer may not cause symptoms at first. It is sometimes found during a routine physical exam. You may get signs or symptoms as the cancer gets bigger. The symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump (nodule) in the neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Trouble breathing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain when swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hoarseness or other changes to your voice that do not get better&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is thyroid cancer diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To find out if you have thyroid cancer, your health care provider may use:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, including checking your neck for swelling, lumps, or anything that seems unusual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html"&gt;Thyroid tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other blood or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging&lt;/a&gt; tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for thyroid cancer?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for thyroid cancer depends on the type of cancer you have and whether the cancer has spread. Often, more than one type of treatment may be needed. The treatment options include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radiation therapy, including radioactive iodine therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;Chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thyroid hormone therapy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Watchful waiting, which means that you don't get treatment right away. Your regularly checks to see if your signs or symptoms appear or change.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thyroid Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thyroid+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Drugs Approved for Thyroid Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/thyroid">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
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<site title="Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003899.htm">
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<site title="Get the Facts about Exposure to I-131 Radiation" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/i-131">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Key Statistics for Thyroid Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
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<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
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<site title="Living as a Thyroid Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
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</site>
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
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<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
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</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
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</site>
<site title="Needle Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
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<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Surgery" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-surgery/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/espanol/cirugia_tiroides.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003776.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroidectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroidectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100135_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100135_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Thyroid Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/thyroid-treatment-pdq#_67" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/tiroides/paciente/tratamiento-tiroides-pdq#_67">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor Marker Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tumor-marker-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/marcadores-tumorales/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound - Thyroid" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-thyroid">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ThyroidBiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ThyroidBiopsy">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Thyroid Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/causas-riesgos-prevencion/que-lo-causa.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is Thyroid Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/about/what-is-thyroid-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-tiroides.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Thyroid Cancer Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-tiroides/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The thyroid is a gland in the neck. The thyroid gland creates hormones that affect metabolism. Learn about thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism." title="Thyroid Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html" id="439" language="English" date-created="04/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt; that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thyroid diseases cause your thyroid to make either too much or too little of the hormones. Some of the different thyroid diseases include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;Hyperthyroidism&lt;/a&gt;, which happens when your thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;Hypothyroidism&lt;/a&gt;, which happens when your thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html"&gt;Thyroid cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thyroid nodules, lumps in the thyroid gland&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thyroiditis, swelling of the thyroid&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To diagnose thyroid diseases, your health care provider may use a medical history, physical exam, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html"&gt;thyroid tests&lt;/a&gt;. In some cases, your provider may also do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;biopsy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the problem, how severe it is, and what your symptoms are. Possible treatments may include medicines, radioiodine therapy, or thyroid surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html" id="2196" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la tiroides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013959">Thyroid Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroiddiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html" id="6177">Hyperthyroidism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html" id="6175">Hypothyroidism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html" id="438">Thyroid Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html" id="6371">Thyroid Tests</related-topic>
<see-reference>Goiter</see-reference>
<site title="ACE blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Thyroid Association" url="https://www.thyroid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antithyroglobulin antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003557.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Celiac Disease and Thyroid Conditions" url="https://gluten.org/2019/10/17/celiac-disease-thyroid-conditions/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Gluten Intolerance Group</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Head and Neck Irradiation" url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/Head_Neck_Irradiation_brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Goiter" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Goiter%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thyroid Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thyroid+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thyroiditis, Autoimmune" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thyroiditis,+Autoimmune%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Thyroid Disease (CAM)" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-disease-cam/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eyes - bulging" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003033.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinologist" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/find-an-endocrinologist-directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Endocrinology - Thyroid Specialist" url="https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/endocrinology-thyroid-doctor/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003899.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Free T4 test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inherited thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/inherited-thyroxine-binding-globulin-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Needle Biopsy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/needle-biopsy/about/pac-20394749?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Patients and Thyroid Disease" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-disease-older-patient/">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Older Therapies Aren't Necessarily Better for Thyroid Hormone Replacement" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/older-therapies-arent-necessarily-better-thyroid-hormone-replacement" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/las-terapias-mas-antiguas-no-son-necesariamente-mejores-para-el-reemplazo-de-la-hormona-tiroidea">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pendred Syndrome" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/pendred-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sindrome-de-pendred">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pendred syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pendred-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Postpartum Thyroiditis" url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/Postpartum_Thyroiditis_brochure.pdf">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Potassium Iodide (KI)" url="https://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/ki.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/es/ki.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radioactive iodine uptake" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003689.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retrosternal thyroid surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007558.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007558.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Silent thyroiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000388.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Simple goiter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001178.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001178.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subacute thyroiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000375.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="T3 test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003687.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="T3RU test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003688.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TBG blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function/thyroid-and-parathyroid-hormones">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Antibodies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Disease" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Disease &amp; Pregnancy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/pregnancy-thyroid-disease" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/enfermedad-tiroides-embarazo">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Disease (for Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thyroid-disease.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Disorders (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/thyroid.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Eye Disorders" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/thyroid-eye-disorders">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid gland removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002933.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid gland removal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000293.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Hormone Treatment" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-hormone-treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/tratamiento-hormona-tiroidea/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid nodule" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007265.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007265.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Nodules" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/thyroid-nodules" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/nodulos-en-la-tiroides">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid peroxidase antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Problems" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/thyroid-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Scan and Uptake" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thyroiduptake" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thyroiduptake">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid storm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000400.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Surgery" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-surgery/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/espanol/cirugia_tiroides.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroidectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/thyroidectomy/about/pac-20385195?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroidectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100135_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100135_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroiditis" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroiditis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/tiroiditis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroxine (T4) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toxic nodular goiter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000317.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000317.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triiodothyronine (T3) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TSI test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003685.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound - Thyroid" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-thyroid">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ThyroidBiopsy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ThyroidBiopsy">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The thyroid is a gland in your neck that makes hormones. Read about blood and imaging tests that doctors use to diagnose and monitor thyroid diseases." title="Thyroid Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html" id="6371" language="English" date-created="07/06/2016">
<also-called>Thyroid panel</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html"&gt;hormones&lt;/a&gt; that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thyroid tests check how well your thyroid is working. They are also used to diagnose and help find the cause of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid diseases&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;hyperthyroidism&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html"&gt;hypothyroidism&lt;/a&gt;. Thyroid tests include blood tests and imaging tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Blood tests for your thyroid include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/"&gt;TSH&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; It measures thyroid-stimulating hormone. This is usually the first test your healthcare provider will order.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/"&gt;T3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/"&gt;T4&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;They measure the level of the different thyroid hormones in your blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/"&gt;Thyroid antibodies test&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/strong&gt; It measures certain thyroid antibodies (markers in the blood). This test may help diagnose autoimmune thyroid disorders.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Imaging tests include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"&gt;Ultrasound&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html"&gt;Nuclear medicine tests&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; including: 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thyroid scan.&lt;/strong&gt; It uses small amounts of radioactive material to create a picture of the thyroid, showing its size, shape, and position. It can help find the cause of hyperthyroidism and check for thyroid nodules (lumps in the thyroid).&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Radioactive iodine uptake test,&lt;/strong&gt; or thyroid uptake test. It checks how well your thyroid is working and can help find the cause of hyperthyroidism.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html" id="6372" language="Spanish">Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013960">Thyroid Function Tests</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/thyroidtests.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<site title="Antithyroglobulin antibody test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003557.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003557.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcitonin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcitonin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcitonina/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Thyroid Function Tests" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Thyroid+Function+Tests%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003899.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003899.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Free T4 test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003517.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid+Function+Tests%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Radioactive iodine uptake" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003689.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="T3 test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003687.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="T3RU test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003688.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003688.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TBG blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003374.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003374.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Antibodies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Function Tests" url="https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-function-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://www.thyroid.org/las-pruebas-de-funcion-tiroidea/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Thyroid Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid peroxidase antibody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003556.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003556.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003829.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003829.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Scan and Uptake" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thyroiduptake" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thyroiduptake">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-tiroides">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thyroid-tests.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thyroid-tests.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroid ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003776.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thyroxine (T4) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triiodothyronine (T3) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TSH test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003684.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TSI test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003685.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasound - Thyroid" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-thyroid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-thyroid">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why the Internet Can't Diagnose Your Thyroid Problem" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/why-the-internet-cant-diagnose-your-thyroid-problem" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/por-que-internet-no-puede-diagnosticar-su-problema-de-tiroides">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tick bites can spread many diseases, including Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Learn how to prevent tick bites and what to do if you get bitten." title="Tick Bites" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html" id="1645" language="English" date-created="05/13/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are ticks?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ticks are small parasites. They may look like insects, but they have eight legs and are related to spiders. Ticks feed on the blood of people and warm-blooded animals. There are many types of ticks in the United States, and they live in different parts of the country.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Ticks can be different colors and sizes. They can be light-colored, reddish brown, or dark brown. Some ticks are so small that they can be difficult to see. Ticks may get on you if you walk though areas where they live, such as tall grass, leaf litter or shrubs.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Why do I need to be worried about tick bites?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you spend time outdoors or have pets that go outdoors, you need to beware of ticks. When they bite, certain types of ticks can pass on germs that cause different diseases. Sometimes the symptoms can be mild. In other cases, you can have serious, long-lasting health problems. Some of the diseases you can get from a tick bite (called tickborne diseases) include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html"&gt;Lyme disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alpha-gal syndrome (tick bite red meat allergy)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Babesiosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ehrlichiosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rocky Mountain spotted fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tularemia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What happens if I get bitten by a tick?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may not feel it when a tick bites you. The tick can stay attached to your body for several days. If that tick is infected, it can pass along any germs to you once it starts sucking your blood. But if you catch it and remove it before it has filled up on your blood, you are less likely to get infected.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I remove a tick?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you find a tick attached to your skin, remove the tick as soon as you can. You could use a tick removal device or a fine-tipped tweezers:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using the tweezers, grab the tick as close to your skin as possible.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don't twist or jerk the tick. You want to remove the whole tick in one piece if you can. If the mouth-parts of the tick break off and stay in the skin, try to remove them. But if you can't remove them easily, then leave them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol or soap and water.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When do I need to contact my health care provider about a tick bite?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many tickborne diseases can have similar signs and symptoms. The most common are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;Fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chills&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aches and pains&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html"&gt;Rash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you develop any of these symptoms within several weeks of removing a tick, contact your provider.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I prevent tick bites?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to prevent tick bites:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid wooded, brushy, and grassy areas, especially during warmer months.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear insect repellent with DEET, picaridin or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear light-colored protective clothing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treat your clothing and gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tuck your pant legs into your socks and your shirt into your pants.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Remove your clothing after being outdoors. Check your clothing for ticks and remove any ticks that you find. Wash and dry your clothes at high temperatures.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Check yourself, your children, and your pets daily for ticks and carefully remove any ticks you find.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html" id="2253" language="Spanish">Picaduras de garrapatas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064927">Tick Bites</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D017282">Tick-Borne Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="myanma bhasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Burmese">Burmese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rundi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Kirundi">Kirundi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tickbites.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html" id="526">Insect Bites and Stings</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html" id="84">Lyme Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Anaplasmosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Babesiosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Colorado Tick Fever</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ehrlichiosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tickborne Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tularemia</see-reference>
<site title="About Alpha-gal Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/alpha-gal-syndrome/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Anaplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/anaplasmosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Babesiosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/babesiosis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Heartland Virus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/heartland-virus/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Powassan" url="https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Q Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/about/about-southern-tick-associated-rash-illness.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Tick-Borne Encephalitis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Ticks and Tickborne Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lyme Disease Foundation" url="https://aldf.com/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lyme Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="An Uptick in Ticks: Don't Let Ticks Make You Sick" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/06/uptick-ticks" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/un-repunte-en-las-garrapatas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anaplasmosis: Epidemiology and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/anaplasmosis/hcp/statistics/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tick Bites" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tick+Bites%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tick-Borne Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tick-Borne+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colorado tick fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000675.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ehrlichiosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001381.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ehrlichiosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372142?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ehrlichiosis Epidemiology and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ehrlichiosis/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hey! A Tick Bit Me!" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tick.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tick.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="It's Open Season on Ticks" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/media/pdfs/Its-Open-Season-on-Ticks.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Tick Bites" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-picaduras-de-garrapatas.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Ticks on Pets" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/prevention/preventing-ticks-on-pets.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-garrapatas-en-las-mascotas.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick Bites" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tick+Bites%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Tick-Borne+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Q Fever: Epidemiology and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/data-research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relapsing fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001350.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rocky Mountain spotted fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000654.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000654.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rocky.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rocky.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick bite" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002856.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick Bites, First Aid" url="https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid-tick-bites/?Imiw9cApl=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick Paralysis" url="https://aldf.com/tick-paralysis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lyme Disease Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick paralysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001359.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007211.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick Removal: A Step-by-Step Guide (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-removal.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tick-removal.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/tick-borne-relapsing-fever/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/fiebre-recurrente-transmitida-por-las-garrapatas-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tickborne Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/tickborne-diseases">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tickborne Diseases in Workers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/outdoor-workers/about/tick-borne-diseases.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ticks and Lyme Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ticks-and-lyme-disease-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-garrapatas-y-la-enfermedad-de-lyme-sintomas-tratamiento-y-prevencion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tularemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000856.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tularemia blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003523.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do About Tick Bites (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-bites-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tick-bites-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What to Do after a Tick Bite" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/after-a-tick-bite/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/es/after-a-tick-bite/que-hacer-despues-de-la-picadura-de-una-garrapata.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Where Ticks Live" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/about/where-ticks-live.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tinea are skin diseases caused by fungus like ringworm or jock itch. Some are treated with over the counter items and others require prescription." title="Tinea Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tineainfections.html" id="1228" language="English" date-created="03/20/2000">
<also-called>Ringworm</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tinea is the name of a group of diseases caused by a fungus.  Types of tinea include ringworm, athlete's foot and jock itch. These infections are usually not serious, but they can be uncomfortable. You can get them by touching an infected person, from damp surfaces such as shower floors, or even from a pet. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms depend on the affected area of the body:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ringworm is a red skin rash that forms a ring around normal-looking skin. A worm doesn't cause it. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Scalp ringworm causes itchy, red patches on your head. It can leave bald spots. It usually affects children.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html"&gt;Athlete's foot&lt;/a&gt; causes itching, burning and cracked skin between your toes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Jock itch causes an itchy, burning rash in your groin area.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over-the-counter creams and powders will get rid of many tinea infections, particularly athlete's foot and jock itch. Other cases require prescription medicine. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html" id="2197" language="Spanish">Infecciones por tiña</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014005">Tinea</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html" id="151">Athlete's Foot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Jock Itch</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ringworm</see-reference>
<site title="Beard Ringworm (Tinea Barbae)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/tinea-barbae-ringworm-of-beard?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tinea" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tinea%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facial Ringworm (Tinea Faciei)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/tinea-faciei-ringworm-of-face?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Ringworm" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ringworm-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ringworm-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fungus Infections: Preventing Recurrence" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/FungusInfectionsP?">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungus Infections: Tinea" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/FungusInfections?">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jock itch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000876.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000876.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jock Itch" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/jock-itch.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/jock-itch.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinea Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tinea%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ringworm.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ringworm.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001439.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm (Body)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ringworm-body/symptoms-causes/syc-20353780?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/tinea-corporis-ringworm-of-body?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm of the body" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000877.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000877.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm of the scalp" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000878.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000878.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ringworm, Scalp (Tinea Capitis)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/tinea-capitis-ringworm-of-scalp?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin lesion KOH exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003761.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003761.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinea Cruris" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/tinea-cruris?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinea Infections (Ringworm, Athlete's Foot, Jock Itch)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Tinea-Infections-Ringworm-Athletes-Foot-Jock-Itch.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/tinea-infections-ringworm-athletes-foot-jock-itch.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Ringworm and Fungal Nail Infections" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ringworm/causes/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tinnitus is often described as a ringing in the ears, but it can also sound like roaring, hissing, or buzzing. There are many causes. Read the list." title="Tinnitus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html" id="1236" language="English" date-created="04/06/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tinnitus is often described as a ringing in the ears. It also can sound like roaring, clicking, hissing, or buzzing. It may be soft or loud, high pitched or low pitched. You might hear it in either one or both ears.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Millions of Americans have tinnitus. People with severe tinnitus may have trouble hearing, working or even sleeping.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Causes of tinnitus include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hearing loss in older people&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposure to loud &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html"&gt;noises&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ear and sinus infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart or blood vessel problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Meniere's disease&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brain tumors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormonal changes in women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thyroid problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the cause.  Treatments may include hearing aids, sound-masking devices, medicines, and ways to learn how to cope with the noise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html" id="2198" language="Spanish">Tinnitus</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014012">Tinnitus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html" id="204">Hearing Disorders and Deafness</related-topic>
<site title="American Tinnitus Association" url="https://www.ata.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Tinnitus Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are There Treatments That Can Help Me?" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/tinnitus#6">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Loud Music Hurt My Ears?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rock-music.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rock-music.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tinnitus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tinnitus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Audiologist" url="https://members.audiology.org/cvweb/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/openpage?wrp=search.htm&amp;id=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Audiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ginkgo" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginkgo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Noise Complaints: Taking On Tinnitus" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/noise-complaints" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/quejas-por-el-ruido">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tinnitus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Support Group Directory" url="https://vestibular.org/support-groups/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Vestibular Disorders Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Therapy and Treatment Options" url="https://www.ata.org/about-tinnitus/therapy-and-treatment-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Tinnitus Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/tinnitus" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/tinnitus">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003043.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/tinnitus/" language-mapped-url="https://www.entnet.org//content/en-espa%C3%B1ol-el-ruido-o-zumbido-en-el-o%C3%ADdo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus Patient Navigator" url="https://ata.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Spring-2018-25.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Tinnitus Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videonystagmography (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Why Are My Ears Ringing?" url="https://www.ata.org/about-tinnitus/why-are-my-ears-ringing/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Tinnitus Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tinnitus es descrito como un zumbido en los oídos. Existen muchas causas. Entérese cuáles son y los tratamientos disponibles. " title="Tinnitus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html" id="2198" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Sílbidos en los oídos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El tinnitus se describe a menudo como un zumbido en los oídos. También puede sonar como rumor, un cliqueo, silbido o zumbido. Puede ser suave o fuerte, agudo o bajo. Usted puede escucharlo en uno o ambos oídos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Millones de estadounidenses tienen tinnitus. Las personas con tinnitus severo pueden tener dificultad para oír, trabajar o incluso dormir.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las causas de tinnitus incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;Pérdida de la audición&lt;/a&gt; en las personas mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exposición a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html"&gt;ruidos&lt;/a&gt; fuertes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones del oído y los senos paranasales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas cardiacos o vasculares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enfermedad de Ménière&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tumores cerebrales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambios hormonales en las mujeres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de tiroides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la causa. Puede incluir el uso de audífonos, dispositivos que enmascaran los ruidos, medicinas y aprender maneras para lidiar con el ruido.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html" id="1236" language="English">Tinnitus</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Oídos, Ruido en los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ruido en los oídos</see-reference>
<site title="Causas del zumbido de oídos: ¿puede el antidepresivo que tomo ser el culpable?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tinnitus/expert-answers/tinnitus-causes/faq-20057804?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo lidiar con el tinnitus" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/quejas-por-el-ruido" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/05/noise-complaints">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Música fuerte, ¿puede dañarte los oídos?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/rock-music.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/rock-music.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/tinnitus" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/tinnitus">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003043.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tinnitus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350162?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinnitus: Sintomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tinnitus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350156?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videonistagmografía (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It is exciting to watch your toddler learn new skills. Toddlers do not develop at the same rate. Learn more about what to expect." title="Toddler Development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5424" language="English" date-created="05/17/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Mastering new skills such as how to walk, talk, and use the potty are developmental milestones.  It is exciting to watch your toddler learn new skills. The normal development of children aged 1-3 includes several areas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gross motor - walking, running, climbing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fine motor - feeding themselves, drawing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensory - seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, and smelling&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Language - saying single words, then sentences&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Social - playing with others, taking turns, doing fantasy play&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Toddlers do not develop at the same rate. There is a wide range of what is considered "normal." Your child may be ahead in some areas and slightly behind in others. If you are worried about possible delays, talk to your child's health care provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5425" language="Spanish">Desarrollo del niño pequeño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002657">Child Development</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerdevelopment.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html" id="185">Child Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1548">Infant and Newborn Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html" id="5959">Speech and Language Problems in Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerhealth.html" id="1547">Toddler Health</related-topic>
<site title="12 to 24 Months" url="https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/for-families/12-to-24-months/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Zero to Three</organization>
</site>
<site title="24 to 36 Months" url="https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/for-families/24-to-36-months/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Zero to Three</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC's Developmental Milestones" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/milestones/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Child Development" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Child+Development%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Creating a Toilet Training Plan" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/pages/Creating-a-Toilet-Training-Plan.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/paginas/creating-a-toilet-training-plan.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental and Behavioral Screening Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 12 months" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002005.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 18 months" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002011.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002011.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 2 years" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental milestones record - 3 years" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002014.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002014.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Monitoring and Screening" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/DevelopmentalScreening.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Growth and Your 1- to 2-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/grow12yr.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth and Your 2- to 3-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-2-to-3.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Growth Charts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning, Play, and Your 1- to 2-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/learn12yr.html#catlearning">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Normal growth and development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002456.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002456.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Physical Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/phys-therapy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/phys-therapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Positive Parenting Tips: Toddlers (2-3 years old)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/positive-parenting-tips/toddlers-2-3-years.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/toddlers2.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Potty Training: Learning to Use the Toilet" url="https://www.zerotothree.org/resource/potty-training-learning-to-the-use-the-toilet/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Zero to Three</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddler Development" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child+Development%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Separation Anxiety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sep-anxiety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/separation-anxiety.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Separation anxiety in children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001542.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001542.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Speech and Language Developmental Milestones" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/speech-and-language" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/etapas-del-desarrollo-del-habla-y-el-lenguaje">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Speech-Language Therapy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-therapy.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stopping the Bottle" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thumb sucking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000676.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000676.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddler Bedtime Trouble: Tips for Parents" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/sleep/Pages/Bedtime-Trouble.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/sleep/Paginas/Bedtime-Trouble.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddler development" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002010.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddler Growth and Development" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/default.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddlers and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Toddlers-And-Breastfeeding.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddlers and Sexual Behavior" url="https://www.virtualpediatrichospital.org/patients/cqqa/toddlersandsex.shtml">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Virtual Pediatric Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toilet Teaching Your Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toilet-teaching.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toilet Training and the Older Child" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/Pages/Toilet-Training-and-the-Older-Child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/toilet-training/paginas/toilet-training-and-the-older-child.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toilet training tips" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000944.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000944.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 1 Year (12 Months)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-12mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 1.5 Years (18 Months)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-18mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 15 Months" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-15mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 2 Years (24 Months)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-24mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 2.5 Years (30 Months)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-30mos.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Development: 3 Years" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/development-3yrs.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="This page will teach you about toddler health. Learn about common warning signs of sickness and what to expect from routine health exams." title="Toddler Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerhealth.html" id="1547" language="English" date-created="10/04/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Most young children get sick. It is hard for parents to know what is serious. You can learn what the common warning signs are. In the end, trust your intuition. If you are worried about your toddler, call your health care provider right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Well-child visits are important to your toddler's health. Toddlers will get their recommended &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;vaccines&lt;/a&gt; during these visits. Routine exams and screenings help you and your kids prevent and treat health problems as well as chart their &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerdevelopment.html"&gt;growth and development&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html" id="1976" language="Spanish">Salud del niño pequeño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002675">Child, Preschool</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="bosanski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Bosnian">Bosnian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="دری" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Dari">Dari</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Rwanda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Pax̌tō / پښتو " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Pashto">Pashto</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Türkçe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Turkish">Turkish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="українська " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Ukrainian">Ukrainian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toddlerhealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerdevelopment.html" id="5424">Toddler Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html" id="5422">Toddler Nutrition</related-topic>
<site title="AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pages/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/paginas/well-child-care-a-check-up-for-success.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia caused by low iron - infants and toddlers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007618.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Are Antibiotics Needed for My Child's Runny Nose? Q &amp; A Guide for Parents" url="https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/media/pdfs/Runny-Nose-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/sp/materials/runny-nose-faqs-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bedtime habits for infants and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002392.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Pain in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Childhood Orthopedic Conditions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/common-ortho.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/common-ortho.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coughing (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Elimination Problems or Constipation in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/elimination-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-eliminacion-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Child Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/child-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Febrile Seizures" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/febrile-seizures">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Problems in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/feeding-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-para-alimentar-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fever (High Temperature) In Kids" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fever.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fever in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/fever-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/fiebre-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most From a Doctor's Visit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hearing Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hear.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hear.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Give Your Child Medicine" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Take a Rectal Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rectal-temperature.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Take an Axillary Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/axillary-temperature.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Take an Oral Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/oral-temperature.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="In-Toeing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gait.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gait.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infants &amp; Toddlers: Raising Healthy Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parents/infants/healthy-children.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intussusception - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kids and Sleep (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sleep.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Care and Your 1- to 2-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/med12yr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/med12yr.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medical Care and Your 2- to 3-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medical-care-2-3.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medical-care-2-3.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mouth Problems in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/mouth-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-boca-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/nausea-vomiting-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/nauseas-y-vomito-en-lactantes-y-en-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Out-Toeing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/out-toeing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/out-toeing.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddler Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Child%2C+Preschool+%5Bmajr%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+5+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repeated Infections in Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Your Child's Temperature" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/take-temperature.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/take-temperature.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toddler Nutrition: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toe Walking" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toe-walking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toe-walking.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treating Vomiting" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/pages/Treating-Vomiting.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/paginas/treating-vomiting.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Your Child's in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picu.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your baby and the flu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007444.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007444.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Baby's First Vaccines: What You Need to Know" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Vision" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Food provides nutrients a young child needs to be healthy. You are the most important influence on your child when it comes to diet. Learn more." title="Toddler Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html" id="5422" language="English" date-created="05/17/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Food provides the energy and nutrients that young children need to be healthy. Toddlers are learning to feed themselves and to eat new foods.  They should eat a variety of foods from all of the food groups.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each day, toddlers need enough nutrients, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;7 milligrams of iron&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;700 milligrams of calcium&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;600 IU of vitamin D&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html" id="5423" language="Spanish">Nutrición del niño pequeño</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002664">Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html" id="3083">Child Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html" id="1256">Food Allergy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</related-topic>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Toddler Nutrition" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=toddler+nutrition&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cow's milk and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001973.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001973.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplements for Toddlers" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/pages/Dietary-Supplements-for-Toddlers.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/paginas/dietary-supplements-for-toddlers.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feeding patterns and diet - children 6 months to 2 years" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000713.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Your 1- to 2-Year-Old" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/feed12yr.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/feed12yr.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Service Programs Contacts by State" url="https://www.fns.usda.gov/contacts/contact-map">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Service</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating for Toddlers" url="https://www.myplate.gov/life-stages/toddlers">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Food Choices for Your Family" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/nutrition/Pages/Making-Healthy-Food-Choices.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/nutrition/paginas/making-healthy-food-choices.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nutrition Guide for Toddlers" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toddler-food.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toddler-food.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Toddler Nutrition" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child+Nutritional+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Snacks for Toddlers" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toddler-snacks.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toddler-snacks.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stopping the Bottle" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/no-bottles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/no-bottles.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toddlers at the Table: Avoiding Power Struggles" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toddler-meals.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weaning Your Child" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/weaning.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/weaning.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Your Toddler Doesn't Want to Eat" url="https://familydoctor.org/when-your-toddler-doesnt-want-to-eat/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuando-su-nino-pequeno-no-quiere-comer/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Toe injuries and disorders include turf toe, bunions, sprains, fractures, and ingrown toenails. Read up on what causes toe pain and what can treat it." title="Toe Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3648" language="English" date-created="11/19/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Fourteen of the 26 bones in your feet are in your toes. The toes, particularly your big toe, help you move and keep your balance.  Playing sports, running, stubbing your toe, and dropping something on your foot can damage your toes. Wearing shoes that are too loose or too tight can also cause toe problems. Certain diseases, such as severe arthritis, can cause toe problems and pain. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html"&gt;Gout&lt;/a&gt; often causes pain in the big toe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Common toe problems include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;Corns&lt;/a&gt; and bunions&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Ingrown &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html"&gt;toenails&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Sprains and dislocations&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for toe injuries and disorders vary. They might include shoe inserts or special shoes, padding, taping, medicines, rest, and in severe cases, surgery. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="3649" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014034">Toes</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000293">injuries</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014033">Toe Joint</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000293">injuries</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html" id="5833">Corns and Calluses</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html" id="1327">Foot Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bunions</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hammer Toe</see-reference>
<site title="10 Points of Proper Shoe Fit: How Do You Find the Right Shoes?" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/resources/how-to-help/10-points-of-proper-shoe-fit">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Podiatric Medical Association" url="https://www.apma.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Healing" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bone-healing?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken Toe" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-toe/symptoms-causes/syc-20370463?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broken toe - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000520.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000520.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000019.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bunion removal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002962.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002962.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunion removal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000191.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000191.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunion removal - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100005_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100005_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunionette Deformity Correction" url="https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/toes/bunionette-deformity-correction">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunions" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001231.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001231.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bunions (Hallux Abducto Valgus)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Capsulitis of the Second Toe" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/capsulitis-of-the-second-toe" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/capsulitis-of-the-second-toe?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bunion" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bunion%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clubbing of the fingers or toes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003282.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003282.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/fractures-of-the-fifth-metatarsal?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequently Asked Questions about Bunion Surgery" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/frequently-asked-questions-about-bunion-surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hallux Rigidus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hammer toe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001235.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001235.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hammer toe repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007559.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007559.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hammer toe repair - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000575.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hammertoe" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hammertoe" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hammertoe?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hammertoe and Mallet Toe" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hammertoe-and-mallet-toe/symptoms-causes/syc-20350839?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hammertoe-and-mallet-toe/symptoms-causes/syc-20350839?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuromas" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=987">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polydactyly" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003176.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toe Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Toe+Joint%2Finjuries%22%5Bmajr%5D+OR+%22Toes%2Finjuries%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Repair of webbed fingers or toes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002969.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Replantation of digits" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002967.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002967.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Replantation of digits - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100097_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100097_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Search the Foot and Ankle Conditions: Interactive Foot Diagram" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/foot-ankle-conditions/search-the-foot-ankle">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sesamoid Injuries in the Foot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/sesamoid-injuries-in-the-foot" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/sesamoid-injuries-in-the-foot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tailor's Bunion (Bunionette)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tailor-s-bunion-(bunionette)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toe and Metatarsal Fractures (Broken Toes)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/toe-and-metatarsal-fractures-(broken-toes)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/toe-and-metatarsal-fractures-(broken-toes)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turf Toe" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/turf-toe" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/turf-toe?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Webbing of the fingers or toes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003289.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003289.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tomografía computarizada es una tecnología para diagnóstico con imágenes. Utiliza un equipo de rayos X para crear imágenes transversales del cuerpo." title="Tomografía computarizada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html" id="3952" language="Spanish" date-created="01/06/2005">
<also-called>TAC</also-called>
<also-called>TC</also-called>
<also-called>Tomografía computada</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La tomografía computarizada (TC) es una tecnología para diagnóstico con imágenes.  Utiliza un equipo de rayos X especial para crear imágenes transversales del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Entre los usos de la TC se incluye la exploración de:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;Fracturas&lt;/a&gt; (huesos rotos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cánceres &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;Coágulos de sangre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Signos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedad cardiaca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hemorragia interna &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Durante un procedimiento de TC, el paciente permanece inmóvil sobre una mesa. La mesa pasa lentamente a través del centro de una gran máquina de rayos X. El procedimiento no causa dolor. Durante ciertas pruebas, el paciente recibe un tinte de contraste que ayuda a que algunas partes del cuerpo se vean mejor en la imagen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Pruebas de diagnóstico</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html" id="3951" language="English">CT Scans</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html" id="1857">Diagnóstico por imágenes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html" id="3950">Rayos X</related-topic>
<site title="Angiografía coronaria por TC (ACTC)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiocoroct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada: Abdomen y pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007674.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada: Brazos y piernas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007675.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007675.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada: Cabeza y cuello" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007677.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007677.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada: Pecho" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007676.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007676.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonografía por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ct_colo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ct_colo">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopia virtual" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colonoscopia-virtual" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/virtual-colonoscopy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Como leer su informe de radiología" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterografía por TAC (tomografía axial computada)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/CTenterography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/CTenterography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploraciones con tomografía computarizada (TC) para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/hoja-informativa-tomografia-computarizada" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de la columna vertebral por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinect" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinect">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración de senos (paranasales) por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/sinusct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/sinusct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración del cuerpo por TAC" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bodyct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bodyct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración por tomografía computarizada" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/ct-scan/about/pac-20393675?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/what-computed-tomography">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exploración TAC de tórax" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gammagrafía renal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003790.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003790.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de términos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/glossary-index" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Materiales de contraste" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/safety-contrast" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-contrast">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/mielografia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myelography/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtención de una tomografía computada" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-ctscan.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/video-ctscan.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Perfusión por TAC de la cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/perfusionheadct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/perfusionheadct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas cardíacas" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/estudios-cardiacos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="RadiologyInfo" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TAC cardíaca para la cuantificación del calcio coronario" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ct_calscoring" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ct_calscoring">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC (tomografía computarizada) pediátrica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pedia-ct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pedia-ct">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC abdominal y pélvica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/abdominct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/abdominct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/tomografia-computada/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cuello" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scan-neck.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003330.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003330.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC)" url="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/espanol/temas-cientificos/tomograf%C3%ADa-computarizada-tc">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007351.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007351.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna dorsal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007442.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007350.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna lumbosacra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003787.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pelvis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007348.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la rodilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007345.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la órbita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003785.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007349.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007349.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del abdomen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003789.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del brazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007347.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007347.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007344.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007344.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada del hombro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007346.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/spect-scan/about/pac-20384925?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spect-scan/about/pac-20384925?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/urography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/urography">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your tongue helps you taste, swallow, and chew. You also use it to speak. Problems with the tongue can have many different causes. Learn more." title="Tongue Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonguedisorders.html" id="5266" language="English" date-created="08/24/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your tongue helps you taste, swallow, and chew. You also use it to speak.  Your tongue is made up of many muscles. The upper surface contains your taste buds. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Problems with the tongue include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pain &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Swelling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Changes in color or texture&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Abnormal movement or difficulty moving the tongue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;Taste&lt;/a&gt; problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These problems can have many different causes. Treatment depends on the underlying problem.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonguedisorders.html" id="5267" language="Spanish">Trastornos de la lengua</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014060">Tongue Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonguedisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html" id="331">Oral Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409">Speech and Communication Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="430">Taste and Smell Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Geographic Tongue</see-reference>
<see-reference>Glossitis</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black Hairy Tongue" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20356077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20356077?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Glossitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Glossitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Glossitis, Benign Migratory" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Glossitis,+Benign+Migratory%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tongue Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tongue+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fissured Tongue" url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=130:fissured-tongue&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaom.com/assets/condition-information/spanishfissuredtongue.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Oral Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Geographic tongue" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001049.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001053.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hairy Tongue" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/hairy-tongue?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukoplakia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001046.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lip and Tongue Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/lip-and-tongue-disorders">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macroglossia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002250.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tongue Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tongue+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tongue biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003849.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003047.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue tie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001640.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue Tie (Ankyloglossia)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tongue-tie.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tongue-tie.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yellow Tongue" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/yellow-tongue/basics/definition/SYM-20050595?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/yellow-tongue/basics/definition/sym-20050595?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Tongue" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tongue.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tongue.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tonsillitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the tonsils. Learn the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for tonsillitis." title="Tonsillitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html" id="6440" language="English" date-created="01/31/2017">
<also-called>Tonsil Inflammation</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are tonsils?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tonsils are lumps of tissue at the back of the throat. There are two of them, one on each side. Along with the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html"&gt;adenoids&lt;/a&gt;, tonsils are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps body fluids in balance.  Tonsils and adenoids work by trapping the germs coming in through the mouth and nose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is tonsillitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tonsillitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the tonsils. Sometimes along with tonsillitis, the adenoids are also swollen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes tonsillitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of tonsillitis is usually a viral infection. Bacterial infections such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;strep throat&lt;/a&gt; can also cause tonsillitis.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for tonsillitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tonsillitis is most common in children over age two. Almost every child in the United States gets it at least once. Tonsillitis caused by bacteria is more common in kids ages 5-15. Tonsillitis caused by a virus is more common in younger children.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adults can get tonsillitis, but it is not very common.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Is tonsillitis contagious?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although tonsillitis is not contagious, the viruses and bacteria that cause it are contagious. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Frequent handwashing&lt;/a&gt; can help prevent spreading or catching the infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of tonsillitis include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html"&gt;sore throat&lt;/a&gt;, which may be severe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red, swollen tonsils&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A white or yellow coating on the tonsils&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen glands in the neck&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bad breath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;When does my child need to see a health care provider for tonsillitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You should call your health care provider if your child:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has a sore throat for more than two days&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has trouble or pain when swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feels very sick or very weak&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You should get emergency care right away if your child:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has trouble breathing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Starts drooling&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has a lot of trouble swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is tonsillitis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To diagnose tonsillitis, your child's health care provider will first ask you about your child's symptoms and medical history. The provider will look at your child's throat and neck, checking for things such as redness or white spots on the tonsils and swollen lymph nodes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your child will probably also have one or more tests to check for strep throat, since it can cause tonsillitis and it requires treatment. It could be a rapid strep test, a throat culture, or both. For both tests, the provider uses a cotton swab to collect a sample of fluids from your child's tonsils and the back of the throat. With the rapid strep test, testing is done in the office, and you get the results within minutes. The throat culture is done in a lab, and it usually takes a few days to get the results. The throat culture is a more reliable test. So sometimes if the rapid strep test is negative (meaning that it does not show any strep bacteria), the provider will also do a throat culture just to make sure that your child does not have strep.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for tonsillitis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment for tonsillitis depends on the cause. If the cause is a virus, there is no medicine to treat it. If the cause is a bacterial infection, such as strep throat, your child will need to take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. It is important for your child to finish the antibiotics even if he or she feels better. If treatment stops too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect your child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No matter what is causing the tonsillitis, there are some things you can do to help your child feel better. Make sure that your child:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gets a lot of rest&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drinks plenty of fluids&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tries eating soft foods if it hurts to swallow&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tries eating warm liquids or cold foods like popsicles to soothe the throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Isn't around cigarette smoke or do anything else that could irritate the throat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sleeps in a room with a humidifier&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gargles with saltwater&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sucks on a lozenge (but do not give them to children under four; they can choke on them)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Takes an over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain reliever&lt;/a&gt; such as acetaminophen. Children and teenagers should not take aspirin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, your child may need a tonsillectomy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a tonsillectomy and why might my child need one?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A tonsillectomy is surgery to remove the tonsils. Your child might need it if he or she:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keeps getting tonsillitis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has bacterial tonsillitis that does not get better with antibiotics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Has tonsils are too big, and are causing trouble breathing or swallowing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your child usually gets the surgery and goes home later that day. Very young children and people who have complications may need to stay in the hospital overnight. It can take a week or two before your child completely recovers from the surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html" id="6441" language="Spanish">Amigdalitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014068">Tonsillectomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014069">Tonsillitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html" id="1515">Adenoids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tonsillectomy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tonsils</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tonsil Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tonsil%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tonsillectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=tonsillectomy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Difference between a Sore Throat, Strep, and Tonsillitis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Paginas/The-Difference-Between-a-Sore-Throat-Strep-and-Tonsillitis.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Having Your Tonsils Taken Out (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tonsils-out.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tonsils-out.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="My Child Has Tonsillitis. Will He Need to Have His Tonsils Removed?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Tonsillitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/paginas/tonsillitis.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonsillar Abscess" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peritonsillar-abscess/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/absceso-periamigdalino-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonsillar abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000986.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000986.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Peritonsillar Abscess (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/peritonsillar-abscess.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tonsillectomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Tonsillitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Recurring Strep Throat: When Is Tonsillectomy Useful?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/FAQ-20058360?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/expert-answers/recurring-strep-throat/faq-20058360?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsil and adenoid removal - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000155.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsil removal - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000229.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillar Cellulitis and Tonsillar Abscess" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/mouth-and-throat-disorders/tonsillar-cellulitis-and-tonsillar-abscess" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/trastornos-de-la-boca-y-la-garganta/celulitis-amigdalina-y-absceso-amigdalino">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillectomies and children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001998.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001998.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003013.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tonsillectomy/about/pac-20395141?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100122_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100122_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001043.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tonsillitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378479?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/tonsillitis/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tonsillitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tonsillitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsillitis (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tonsillitis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsils" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/components/tonsils.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tonsils and Adenoids" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/tonsils-and-adenoids/" language-mapped-url="https://www.entnet.org/node/1458">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tonsils and Tonsillectomies (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tonsil.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tonsil.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tonsils and Tonsillectomies (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tonsillectomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tonsillectomy.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="You call it a cavity. Your dentist calls it tooth decay or dental caries. They're all names for a hole in your tooth. Find out how to prevent it." title="Tooth Decay" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html" id="5951" language="English" date-created="01/04/2012">
<also-called>Cavities</also-called>
<also-called>Dental caries</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is tooth decay?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Tooth decay is damage to a tooth's surface, or enamel. It happens when bacteria in your mouth make acids that attack the enamel. Tooth decay can lead to cavities (dental caries), which are holes in your teeth. If tooth decay is not treated, it can cause pain, infection, and even tooth loss.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes tooth decay?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Our mouths are full of bacteria. Some bacteria are helpful. But some can be harmful, including the ones that play a role in tooth decay. These bacteria combine with food to form a soft, sticky film called plaque. The bacteria in plaque use the sugar and starch in what you eat and drink to make acids. The acids begin to eat away at the minerals on your enamel. Over time, the plaque can harden into tartar. Besides damaging your teeth, plaque and tartar can also irritate your gums and cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html"&gt;gum disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You get fluoride from toothpaste, water, and other sources. This fluoride, along with your salvia, helps the enamel repair itself by replacing the minerals. Your teeth go through this natural process of losing minerals and regaining minerals all day long. But if you don't take care of your teeth and/or you eat and drink lots of sugary or starchy things, your enamel will keep losing minerals. This leads to tooth decay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A white spot may appear where minerals have been lost. This is an early sign of tooth decay. You may be able to stop or reverse the decay at this point. Your enamel can still repair itself, if you take better care of your teeth and limit sugary/starchy foods and drinks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But if the tooth decay process continues, more minerals are lost. Over time, the enamel is weakened and destroyed, forming a cavity. A cavity is a hole in your tooth. It is permanent damage that a dentist has to repair with a filling.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for tooth decay?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The main risk factors for tooth decay are not taking care of your teeth and having too many sugary or starchy foods and drinks.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Some people have a higher risk of tooth decay, including people who:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't have enough saliva, because of medicines, certain diseases, or some cancer treatments&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't get enough fluoride&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are very young. Babies and toddlers who drink from bottles are at risk, especially if they are given juice or get bottles at bedtime. This exposes their teeth to sugars for long periods of time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older. Many older adults have receding gums and more wear on their teeth. These raise the risk of decay on the exposed root surfaces of their teeth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of tooth decay and cavities?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;In early tooth decay, you usually don't have symptoms. As tooth decay gets worse, it can cause:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A toothache (tooth pain)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tooth sensitivity to sweets, hot, or cold&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;White or brown stains on the surface of a tooth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A cavity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An infection, which can lead to an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;abscess&lt;/a&gt; (pocket of pus) forming. The abscess can cause pain, facial swelling, and fever.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are tooth decay and cavities diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Dentists usually find tooth decay and cavities by looking at your teeth and probing them with dental instruments. Your dentist will also ask if you have any symptoms. Sometimes you may need a dental x-ray.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for tooth decay and cavities?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There are several treatments for tooth decay and cavities. Which treatment you get depends on how bad the problem is:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fluoride treatments.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have early tooth decay, a fluoride treatment can help the enamel to repair itself.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fillings.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have a typical cavity, your dentist will remove the decayed tooth tissue and then restore the tooth by filling it with a filling material.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Root canal.&lt;/strong&gt; If the damage to the tooth and/or an infection spreads to the pulp (inside of the tooth), you might need a root canal. Your dentist will remove the decayed pulp and clean inside the tooth and root. The next step is to fill the tooth with a temporary filling. Then you will need to come back to get a permanent filling or a crown (a cover on the tooth).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Extraction (pulling the tooth).&lt;/strong&gt; In the most severe cases, when the damage to the pulp cannot be fixed, your dentist may pull the tooth. Your dentist will suggest that you get a bridge or implant to replace the missing tooth. Otherwise, the teeth next to the gap may move over and change your bite.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can tooth decay be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There are steps that you can take to prevent tooth decay:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that you get enough fluoride by
	&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Brushing with a fluoride toothpaste&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Drinking tap water with fluoride. Most bottled water does not contain fluoride.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Using fluoride mouth rinse&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practice &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html"&gt;good oral health&lt;/a&gt; by brushing your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and regularly flossing your teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make smart food choices by limiting foods and drinks that are high in sugars and starches. Eat nutritious, balanced meals and limit snacking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do not use tobacco products, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html"&gt;smokeless tobacco&lt;/a&gt;. If you currently use tobacco, consider &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quitting&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See a dentist for regular check-ups and professional cleanings&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that your children get sealants on their teeth. Dental sealants are thin plastic coatings that protect the chewing surfaces of the back teeth. Children should get sealants on their back teeth as soon as they come in, before decay can attack the teeth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html" id="5952" language="Spanish">Caries</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003731">Dental Caries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdecay.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdecay.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdecay.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdecay.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdecay.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html" id="1535">Child Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28">Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html" id="3069">Tooth Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cavities</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dental Caries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Dental Sealants</see-reference>
<see-reference>Plaque, Dental</see-reference>
<site title="About Community Water Fluoridation" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/about/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Dental Fluorosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/about/about-dental-fluorosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Fluoride" url="https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/prevention/about-fluoride.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cavities" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/tooth-disorders/cavities" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/trastornos-dentales/caries">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
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<site title="Cavities/Tooth Decay" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cavities/symptoms-causes/syc-20352892?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dental Caries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dental+Caries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dental Plaque" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dental+Plaque%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pit and Fissure Sealants" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Pit+and+Fissure+Sealants%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Community Water Fluoridation Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/faq/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Amalgam Fillings" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/dental-devices/dental-amalgam-fillings">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-caries?_ga=2.168564391.729705438.1528457265-1850060442.1528457265">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Dental cavities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001055.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Fillings" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/dental-fillings" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-empastes-dentales">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental plaque identification at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003426.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Sealants" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-sealants?_ga=2.97318809.729705438.1528457265-1850060442.1528457265">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Sealants" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/dental-sealants" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-selladores-dentales">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Dental sealants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000779.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dentist" url="https://www.agd.org/practice/tools/patient-resources/find-an-agd-dentist">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of General Dentistry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fluoridated Water" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/fluoridated-water-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-agua-fluorada">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fluoride &amp; Dental Health" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fluoride" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/fluor-y-salud-dental">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fluoride in diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002420.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/pages/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/paginas/how-to-prevent-tooth-decay-in-your-baby.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plaque: What It Is and How to Get Rid of It" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2017-09/plaque-what-is-it.pdf?_ga=2.197138854.881068182.1529323114-64545599.1524075144" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/Espanol/SaludOral/LasEnfermedades/PlacaDental.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tooth Decay" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dental+Caries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Seal Out Tooth Decay" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/seal-out-tooth-decay.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/selle-los-dientes-contra-la-caries-dental.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Story of Fluoridation" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fluoride/the-story-of-fluoridation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity (Tips for Parents)" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OE-9E8Dj6wU">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth Decay" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tooth-decay" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-caries-dental">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Tooth decay -- early childhood" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000721.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toothache: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/ART-20056628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/art-20056628?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toothaches" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003067.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water Fluoridation Data and Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/php/statistics/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="There are a variety of problems associated with tooth disorders such as cavities and infections. Uncover the related symptoms, such as a toothache." title="Tooth Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html" id="3069" language="English" date-created="02/03/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are teeth?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your teeth are made of a hard, bonelike material. There are four parts:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enamel, your tooth's hard surface&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dentin, the hard yellow part under the enamel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cementum, the hard tissue that covers the root and keeps your teeth in place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pulp, the soft connective tissue in the center of your tooth. It contains nerves and blood vessels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You need your teeth for many activities that you may take for granted. These include eating, speaking and even smiling.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are tooth disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are many different problems that can affect your teeth, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"&gt;Tooth decay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - damage to a tooth's surface, which can lead to cavities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html"&gt;Abscess&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a pocket of pus, caused by a tooth infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Impacted tooth&lt;/strong&gt; - a tooth did not erupt (break through the gum) when it should have. It is usually wisdom teeth that are impacted, but it can sometimes happen to other teeth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Misaligned teeth&lt;/strong&gt; (malocclusion)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tooth injuries&lt;/strong&gt; such as broken or chipped teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes tooth disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The causes of tooth disorders varies, depending on the problem. Sometimes the cause is not taking good care of your teeth. In other cases, you may have been born with the problem or the cause is an accident.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of tooth disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms can vary, depending on the problem. Some of the more common symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal color or shape of the tooth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tooth pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Worn-down teeth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are tooth disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your dentist will ask about your symptoms, look at your teeth, and probe them with dental instruments. In some cases, you may need dental x-rays.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for tooth disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment will depend on the problem. Some common treatments are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fillings for cavities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Root canals for cavities or infections that affect the pulp (inside of the tooth)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Extractions (pulling teeth) for teeth that are impacted and causing problems or are too damaged to be fixed. You may also have a tooth or teeth pulled because of overcrowding in your mouth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can tooth disorders be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main thing that you can do to prevent tooth disorders is to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html"&gt;take good care of your teeth&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clean between your teeth every day with floss or another type of between-the-teeth cleaner&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limit sugary snacks and drinks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't smoke or chew tobacco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;See your dentist or oral health professional regularly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html" id="3070" language="Spanish">Trastornos dentales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014076">Tooth Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdisorders.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/toothdisorders.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html" id="1535">Child Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html" id="28">Dental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html" id="266">Gum Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/orthodontia.html" id="3614">Orthodontia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html" id="5951">Tooth Decay</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bruxism</see-reference>
<see-reference>Impacted Tooth</see-reference>
<see-reference>Root Canal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Teeth</see-reference>
<site title="Amelogenesis imperfecta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001578.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Amelogenesis imperfecta: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/amelogenesis-imperfecta">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Broken or knocked out tooth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000058.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Bruxism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001413.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bruxism" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/bruxism" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/el-bruxismo">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bruxism (Teeth Grinding or Clenching) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bruxism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bruxism.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Cherubism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cherubism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bruxism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Bruxism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Root Canal Therapy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=root+canal&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sleep Bruxism" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sleep+Bruxism%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tooth Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tooth+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tooth, Impacted" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tooth,+Impacted%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dental Amalgam Fillings" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/dental-devices/dental-amalgam-fillings">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental crowns" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007631.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007631.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental Implant Surgery" url="https://myoms.org/what-we-do/dental-implant-surgery/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental plaque identification at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003426.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dental x-rays" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003801.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dentinogenesis imperfecta: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dentinogenesis-imperfecta">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, Gum Disease, and Other Dental Problems" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/gum-disease-dental-problems" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/boca">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dry socket" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000780.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dentist" url="https://www.agd.org/practice/tools/patient-resources/find-an-agd-dentist">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of General Dentistry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon" url="https://myoms.org/find-a-surgeon/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Teeth Injuries (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-sheet.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypohidrotic-ectodermal-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Impacted tooth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001057.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Impacted Wisdom Teeth" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wisdom-teeth/symptoms-causes/syc-20373808?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wisdom-teeth/symptoms-causes/syc-20373808?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oculodentodigital dysplasia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/oculodentodigital-dysplasia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Tooth Disorders" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/tooth-disorders/overview-of-tooth-disorders" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/trastornos-dentales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-dentales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panoramic Dental X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tooth+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Root canal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007275.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth - abnormal colors" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth - abnormal shape" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003064.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001060.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002214.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth extraction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007630.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth formation - delayed or absent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003061.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tooth Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/tooth-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-dientes/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toothache: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/ART-20056628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/art-20056628?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toothaches" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003067.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Using Teeth Whiteners during Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Widely spaced teeth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003063.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los esguinces y distensiones son lesiones de ligamentos. Los ligamentos son tejidos que conectan los huesos de una articulación. Cuidados personales. " title="Torceduras y distensiones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html" id="2235" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Desgarro</also-called>
<also-called>Esguinces</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una torcedura es la torsión o estiramiento de un ligamento. Los ligamentos son tejidos que conectan los huesos de una articulación. Las caídas, las contorsiones o los golpes pueden causar una torcedura. Las torceduras del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;tobillo&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;muñeca&lt;/a&gt; son comunes. Los síntomas incluyen dolor, inflamación, hematomas e incapacidad para mover la articulación. Puede sentir un chasquido o un desgarro cuando la lesión ocurre. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las distensiones son músculos o tendones estirados o rotos. Los tendones son tejidos que conectan los músculos con los huesos. Torcer o estirar estos tejidos puede causar una distensión. Las distensiones pueden ocurrir repentinamente o desarrollarse con el tiempo. Las distensiones de los músculos de la espalda y los isquiotibiales son comunes. Muchas personas sufren distensiones cuando practican deportes. Los síntomas incluyen dolor, espasmos musculares, inflamación y dificultad para mover el músculo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al comienzo, el tratamiento de las torceduras y las distensiones suele incluir el reposo del área afectada, hielo, uso de vendas o compresión del área y medicinas. El tratamiento posterior puede incluir ejercicios y fisioterapia. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html" id="417" language="English">Sprains and Strains</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html" id="2169">Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html" id="2249">Tendinitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Distensiones musculares</see-reference>
<site title="Aparatos para movilidad asistida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento en el hogar para un esguince del pie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000652.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el esguince de la muñeca" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000568.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000568.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para el esguince de tobillo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000574.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la distensión de los músculos isquiotibiales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000551.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para una distensión muscular de los flexores de la cadera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000682.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distensiones musculares y esguinces" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/strains-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/strains-sprains.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distensiones musculares y esguinces (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/strains-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strains-sprains.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Distensión muscular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000042.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000042.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escayolas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/casts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguince de codo: Postratamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000679.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000041.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000041.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces de tobillo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ankle-sprains.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ankle-sprains.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces de tobillo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/esguinces-de-tobillo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces del pulgar" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/esguinces-y-otras-lesiones-de-partes-blandas/esguinces-del-pulgar">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces y desgarros" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/esguinces-desgarros/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esguinces, torceduras y otras lesiones de los tejidos blandos" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/esguinces-torceduras-y-otras-lesiones-de-los-tejidos-blandos-soft-tissue-injuries/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estiramiento: Céntrate en la flexibilidad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/stretching/art-20047931?p=1">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperextensión cervical" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whiplash/symptoms-causes/syc-20378921?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión en los músculos isquiotibiales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hamstring-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20372985?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación del tendón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002970.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002970.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN musculoesquelética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/muscmr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/muscmr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del esguince de tobillo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/paginas/ankle-sprain-treatment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-injuries/Pages/Ankle-Sprain-Treatment.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido musculoesquelético" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/musculous" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/musculous">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Although there are no guarantees of safety during a tornado, you can take actions to protect yourself. Read about what you can do." title="Tornadoes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tornadoes.html" id="4602" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tornadoes are nature's most violent storms. They are rotating, funnel-shaped clouds that extend from a thunderstorm to the ground. Their whirling winds can reach 300 miles per hour. They can strike quickly with little or no warning, devastate a neighborhood in seconds, and leave a path of damage over a mile wide and 50 miles long.  Tornadoes can also accompany tropical storms and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html"&gt;hurricanes&lt;/a&gt; as they move onto land.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety during a tornado, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tornadoes.html" id="4603" language="Spanish">Tornados</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055869">Tornadoes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tornadoes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Natural Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Weather Service: Watch, Warning, Advisory Display" url="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornadoes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tornadoes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety Guidelines: After a Tornado" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tornadoes/safety/stay-safe-after-a-tornado-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tornadoes/after.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safety Guidelines: During a Tornado" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tornadoes/safety/stay-safe-during-a-tornado-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/tornado/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornadoes" url="https://www.ready.gov/tornadoes" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/tornados">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornadoes, Hurricanes, and Children" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/tornadoes-kids?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="http://www.apa.org/centrodeapoyo/ninos.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Psychological Association</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un tornado se forma por nubes rotatorias con forma de embudo, y son las tormentas más violentas de la naturaleza. Entérese cómo protegerse de los tornados." title="Tornados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tornadoes.html" id="4603" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los tornados son las tormentas más violentas de la naturaleza. Son nubes rotatorias con forma de embudo que se extienden desde una tormenta eléctrica hacia la superficie. Sus vientos en forma de espiral pueden alcanzar las 300 millas por hora. Pueden generarse rápidamente, con poco o ningún aviso, devastar un vecindario en segundos y dejar una estela de daños de una milla de diámetro y 50 millas de largo. Los tornados también pueden acompañarse de tormentas tropicales y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html"&gt;huracanes&lt;/a&gt; cuando éstos cruzan a tierra firme.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un tornado, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Usted puede necesitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ayuda para superarlo&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tornadoes.html" id="4602" language="English">Tornadoes</language-mapped-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres naturales</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse seguro después de un tornado" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tornadoes/after.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tornadoes/safety/stay-safe-after-a-tornado-safety.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse seguro durante un tornado" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/tornado/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tornadoes/safety/stay-safe-during-a-tornado-safety.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Listo niños" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/kids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Seguridad Nacional</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manejando el estrés traumático después de los tornados" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/tornados?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/tornadoes.aspx">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornados" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tornadoes/index.html" language-mapped-url="http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/tornadoes/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornados" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/tornados">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornados" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids/disaster-facts/tornadoes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tornados" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/tornados" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/tornadoes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tos es un reflejo que mantiene despejada la garganta y las vías respiratorias. Aunque puede ser molesta, la tos ayuda al cuerpo a curarse o protegerse." title="Tos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html" id="1839" language="Spanish" date-created="02/09/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La tos es un reflejo que mantiene despejada la garganta y las vías respiratorias. Aunque puede ser molesta, la tos ayuda al cuerpo a curarse o protegerse. La tos puede ser aguda o crónica. La tos aguda comienza súbitamente y no suele durar más de 2 o 3 semanas. Los cuadros agudos de tos son los que se adquieren frecuentemente con un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfrío&lt;/a&gt;, una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;bronquitis aguda&lt;/a&gt;. La tos crónica dura más de 2 o 3 semanas. Las causas de la tos crónica incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;Bronquitis crónica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html"&gt;Asma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;Alergias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica&lt;/a&gt; (EPOC)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html"&gt;Fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;Reflujo gastroesofágico&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html"&gt;Enfermedades de la garganta&lt;/a&gt;, tal como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html"&gt;crup&lt;/a&gt; en niños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Algunas medicinas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El agua puede ayudar a mejorar la tos - ya sea que la ingiera o que la agregue al ambiente con un inyector de vapor o un vaporizador. Si tiene un refrío o la gripe, los antihistamínicos pueden dar mejores resultados que los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la tos sin receta médica&lt;/a&gt;. Niños menores de 4 años no deben recibir medicamentos para la tos. Para niños mayores de 4 años, sea precavido y lea cuidadosamente las indicaciones.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html" id="1543" language="English">Cough</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125">Enfermedades de los pulmones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html" id="4962">Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078">Problemas respiratorios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html" id="2229">Tos ferina</related-topic>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crup: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Culpables de la tos: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias entre la bronquitis y la neumonía?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-culpables-de-la-tos" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/05/cough-culprits">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo tratar la tos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cough-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cough-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de cabeza por tos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-cough-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20371200?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maravillas de la mucosidad y la flema" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-maravillas-de-la-mucosidad-y-la-flema" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram en esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003765.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003765.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/cough/basics/definition/sym-20050846?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/cough/basics/definition/SYM-20050846?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000039.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003072.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003072.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/tos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/cough/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/childs-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/childs-cough.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos crónica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tos-cronica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/chronic-cough.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos infantil" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/tos-infantil-consejos-para-recordar" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/cough-in-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es verdad que la miel es mejor para calmar la tos que los medicamentos para la tos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/cough/expert-answers/honey/faq-20058031?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/cough/expert-answers/honey/faq-20058031?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tosferina es una enfermedad infecciosa bacteriana que causa una tos incontrolable. Entérese sobre vacunas, síntomas y tratamiento." title="Tos ferina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html" id="2229" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Tos convulsa</also-called>
<also-called>Tos convulsiva</also-called>
<also-called>Tosferina</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la tos ferina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La tos ferina, también conocida como pertusis, tos convulsa o coqueluche, es una infección respiratoria que puede provocar ataques de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;tos&lt;/a&gt;. En casos graves, la tos puede ser violenta y rápida. Puede toser con tanta fuerza que termine &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomitando&lt;/a&gt;. El nombre de la enfermedad proviene del sonido que puede hacer al intentar inhalar después de toser.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tos ferina es muy contagiosa y puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero puede ser especialmente grave en los bebés que aún no reciben la vacuna. Cerca de la mitad de los bebés menores de un año que padecen tos ferina necesitan atención en el hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la tos ferina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La tos ferina es causada por un tipo de bacteria llamada &lt;em&gt;Bordetella pertussis&lt;/em&gt;. Se transmite de persona a persona. En general, las personas que tienen tos ferina la transmiten al toser, estornudar o respirar muy cerca de alguien. A veces, también se puede contagiar al tocar una superficie infectada y luego tocarse la nariz o la boca.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si contrae tos ferina, puede transmitirla durante unas 2 semanas después de comenzar a toser. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt; pueden acortar el tiempo de contagio.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la tos ferina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los síntomas de la tos ferina comienzan dentro de los 5 a 10 días posteriores a la exposición. Sin embargo, a veces es posible que no presente síntomas hasta 3 semanas después.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tos ferina generalmente comienza con síntomas similares a los de un resfriado. Pueden durar de 1 a 2 semanas y pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Goteo nasal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fiebre leve&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tos leve y ocasional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los primeros síntomas en los bebés pueden ser diferentes. Es posible que tosa solo un poco o que no tosa en absoluto. Los bebés pueden tener apnea, es decir, hay una pausa en su respiración. Pueden comenzar a ponerse azules. Si esto sucede, busque atención médica de inmediato para su bebé.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A medida que la tos ferina empeora, los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ataques de mucha tos rápida seguidos de un sonido similar a un "grito" agudo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Vómitos durante o después de ataques de tos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Agotamiento después de ataques de tos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los ataques de tos empeoran y comienzan a ocurrir con más frecuencia, especialmente por la noche. Puede tenerlos hasta por 10 semanas o más.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La recuperación puede avanzar lentamente. Su tos se vuelve más leve y ocurre con menos frecuencia. Los ataques de tos pueden reaparecer si tiene otra infección respiratoria, incluso meses después de haber tenido tos ferina por primera vez.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la tos ferina?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud puede &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tos-ferina/"&gt;diagnosticar la tos ferina&lt;/a&gt; con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una prueba de laboratorio que consiste en tomar una muestra de moco de la parte posterior de la garganta a través de la nariz. Esto se puede hacer con un hisopo o una jeringa llena de solución salina. La muestra se analiza para detectar la bacteria que causa la tos ferina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prueba de sangre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;Radiografía &lt;/a&gt; de pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la tos ferina?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tos ferina se suele tratar con antibióticos. El tratamiento temprano es muy importante. Puede hacer que su infección sea menos grave y también puede ayudar a prevenir la transmisión de la enfermedad a otras personas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que, después de haber estado enfermo durante 3 semanas o más, el tratamiento no ayude. Para entonces, las bacterias han desaparecido de su cuerpo, aunque por lo general todavía tiene síntomas. Esto se debe a que las bacterias ya han hecho daño a su cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, la tos ferina puede ser muy grave y requerir tratamiento en el hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la tos ferina?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;Vacunarse &lt;/a&gt; es la mejor manera de prevenir la tos ferina. Hay dos vacunas en los Estados Unidos que pueden ayudar a prevenirla: DTaP y Tdap. Estas vacunas también brindan protección contra el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html"&gt;tétanos &lt;/a&gt;y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html"&gt;difteria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los bebés y otras personas con alto riesgo de enfermedades graves deben mantenerse alejados de las personas que tienen tos ferina.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, los profesionales de la salud administran antibióticos a familiares de personas que han tenido tos ferina o personas que han estado expuestas a ella. Los antibióticos pueden evitar que contraigan la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la tos ferina (y otras enfermedades respiratorias) al:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Puede usar un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol si no hay agua y jabón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar tocarse la cara con las manos sin lavar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Limpiar y desinfectar&lt;/a&gt; las superficies que toca con frecuencia, incluyendo juguetes&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo de papel o la manga superior de la camisa, no con las manos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html" id="461" language="English">Whooping Cough</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html" id="1839">Tos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6323">Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pertussis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tos convulsa</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminar la tos ferina: Reconocer y prevenir esta grave enfermedad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/eliminar-la-tos-ferina">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hisopado nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tos ferina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tos-ferina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/whooping-cough-diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tos ferina" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tos-ferina-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/whooping-cough/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos Ferina" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/whooping-cough/symptoms-causes/syc-20378973?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos ferina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001561.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos ferina (pertussis o tos convulsa)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/whooping-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/whooping-cough.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos Ferina: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/whooping-cough/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378978?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurologic disorder, mostly in children. It causes tics - involuntary, unusual movements or sounds. Learn what can help." title="Tourette Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html" id="442" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have Tourette syndrome, you make unusual movements or sounds, called tics. You have little or no control over them. Common tics are throat-clearing and blinking. You may repeat words, spin, or, rarely, blurt out swear words. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tourette syndrome is a disorder of the nervous system. It often occurs with other problems, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html"&gt;Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder &lt;/a&gt; (ADHD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html"&gt;Obsessive-compulsive disorder&lt;/a&gt;  (OCD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cause of Tourette syndrome is unknown. It is more common in boys than girls. The tics usually start in childhood and may be worst in the early teens.  Many people eventually outgrow them. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No treatment is needed unless the tics interfere with everyday life. Excitement or worry can make tics worse. Calm, focused activities may make them better. Medicines and talk therapy may also help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html" id="2201" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Tourette</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005879">Tourette Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<site title="8 Ways to Deal with Ticcing in Public" url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/adults-ticcing-public/" language-mapped-url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/overview/espanol/viviendo-con-tourette/adultos/tics-en-publico-8-formas-de-manejarlos/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Tourette Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Tourette Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000745.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tourette Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tourette+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Statistics on Tourette Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/data/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosis for Tic Disorders" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/diagnosis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/tourette/diagnosis.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exercise, Sports and Tourette Syndrome" url="https://tourette.org/resource/exercise-sports-tourette-syndrome/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Tourette Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facial tics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001410.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Later in Life" url="https://tourette.org/about-tourette/overview/living-tourette-syndrome/adults/later-in-life/">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
<organization>Tourette Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living With Tourette Syndrome Is Nothing To Be Embarrassed About" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/living-with-tourette-syndrome-is-nothing-to-be-embarrassed-about" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/vivir-con-el-sindrome-de-tourette-no-es-nada-de-que-avergonzarse">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Other Concerns and Conditions of Tourette Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/other-concerns/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/other-concerns/otras-preocupaciones-y-condiciones-medicas-relacionadas-con-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Provisional tic disorder" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000747.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tourette Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tourette+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Tourette Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/tourette/riskfactors.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stuttering and Tourette's Syndrome" url="https://www.stutteringhelp.org/stuttering-and-tourettes-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.tartamudez.org/sites/default/files/Migrate/Stuttering_TourettesSyndrome_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Stuttering Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tics and Tourette Syndrome" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/tics-and-tourette-syndrome/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tics-y-sindrome-de-tourette-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tourette syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000733.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tourette Syndrome" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tourette.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tourette Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tourette-syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tourette Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tourette.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tourette.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tourette Syndrome: A Not-So-Frightening Diagnosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/pages/Tics-Tourette-Syndrome-and-OCD.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tourette syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tourette-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tourette Syndrome: What You Need To Know" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/tourette-syndrome-what-you-need-to-know" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sindrome-de-tourette-lo-que-debe-saber">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Tourette Syndrome" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by a common parasite. Most people with toxoplasmosis don't need treatment. Read about who is at risk." title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html" id="1214" language="English" date-created="02/23/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. More than 60 million people in the U.S. have the parasite.  Most of them don't get sick. But the parasite causes serious problems for some people. These include people with weak immune systems and babies whose mothers become infected for the first time during pregnancy. Problems can include damage to the brain, eyes, and other organs.&lt;/p&gt;
	
&lt;p&gt;You can get toxoplasmosis from :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Waste from an infected cat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Eating contaminated meat that is raw or not well cooked &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Using utensils or cutting boards after they've had contact with contaminated raw meat &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Drinking infected water &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Receiving an infected organ transplant or blood transfusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people with toxoplasmosis don't need treatment. There are drugs to treat it for pregnant women and people with weak immune systems. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html" id="2202" language="Spanish">Toxoplasmosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014123">Toxoplasmosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<site title="About Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Toxoplasmosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Toxoplasmosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital toxoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001360.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="People at Increased Risk for Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/risk-factors/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Toxoplasmosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasma blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003514.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/toxoplasmosis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/toxoplasmosis-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000637.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis (and the Eye)" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/toxoplasmosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxoplasmosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxoplasmosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/illnesses-conditions/toxoplasmosis.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis: An Important Message for Cat Owners" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/resources/printresources/catowners.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad causada por el parásito Toxoplasma gondii. Muchas personas con la enfermedad no requieren tratamiento. Síntomas. " title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html" id="2202" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad causada por el parásito Toxoplasma gondii. Más de 60 millones de personas en Estados Unidos tienen este parásito. La mayoría de ellas no se enferma. Pero el parásito causa serios problemas en algunas personas. Entre ellas se incluyen las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados y bebés de madres que contrajeron la infección durante el embarazo. Los problemas pueden incluir lesiones en el cerebro, los ojos y otros órganos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible contagiarse con la toxoplasmosis por:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Excrementos de un gato infectado &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ingerir carne contaminada que esté cruda o poco cocida &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilizar utensilios o tablas de cortar que estuvieron en contacto con carne cruda &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Beber agua contaminada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Recibir un trasplante de órganos o una transfusión de sangre infectados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con toxoplasmosis no necesitan tratamiento. Existen medicamentos para tratarla en el caso de las mujeres embarazadas o personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html" id="1214" language="English">Toxoplasmosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html" id="2078">Enfermedades parasitarias</related-topic>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de toxoplasma en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003514.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protección contra la toxoplasmosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Protecting-Against-Toxoplasmosis.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad alimentaria para futuras mamás: Toxoplasma" url="https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/toxoplasma-de-seguridad-alimentaria-para-futuras-mamas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000637.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toxoplasmosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toxoplasmosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/toxoplasmosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/toxoplasmosis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/toxoplasmosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/complications_toxoplasmosis.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis congénita" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001360.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001360.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis en el recién nacido" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/salud-infantil/infecciones-de-los-reci%C3%A9n-nacidos/toxoplasmosis-en-el-reci%C3%A9n-nacido">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis: Descripción general, síntomas, causas, factores de riesgo, complicaciones, prevención" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toxoplasmosis: Diagnóstico, tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356255?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trabajo de parto prematuro es el que se inicia antes de completarse las 37 semanas de embarazo. Entérese sobre síntomas de trabajo de parto prematuro. " title="Trabajo de parto prematuro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html" id="6235" language="Spanish" date-created="08/03/2015">
<also-called>Parto prematuro</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El trabajo de parto prematuro es el que se inicia antes de completarse las 37 semanas de embarazo. Puede conducir a un parto prematuro. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;bebés prematuros&lt;/a&gt; pueden enfrentar serios riesgos de salud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de trabajo de parto prematuro incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contracciones cada 10 minutos o más seguidas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Filtración de líquido o sangrado de la vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sensación de presión en la pelvis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor vago de espalda baja &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres similares a los calambres menstruales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calambres abdominales con o sin diarrea&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted piensa que entró en trabajo de parto prematuro, póngase en contacto con su proveedor de atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html" id="6234" language="English">Preterm Labor</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<site title="Nacimiento prematuro" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/bebes-prematuros.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/preterm-babies">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parto prematuro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000486.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo del trabajo de parto y el parto prematuros?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion/factores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo/who_risk">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son el trabajo de parto y el parto prematuros?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos se utilizan para prevenir el trabajo de parto y el parto prematuros?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/preterm/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo/reduce">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Problems with the trachea (windpipe) include narrowing and inflammation. You may need a tracheostomy to help you breathe. Learn about these disorders." title="Tracheal Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html" id="5448" language="English" date-created="04/12/2010">
<also-called>Windpipe disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your trachea, or windpipe, is one part of your airway system. Airways are pipes that carry oxygen-rich air to your lungs. They also carry carbon dioxide, a waste gas, out of your lungs. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you inhale, air travels from your nose, through your larynx, and down your windpipe. The windpipe splits into two &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html"&gt;bronchi&lt;/a&gt; that enter your lungs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Problems with the trachea include narrowing, inflammation, and some inherited conditions.  You may need a procedure called a tracheostomy to help you breathe if you have swallowing problems, or have conditions that affect coughing or block your airways.  You might also need a tracheostomy if you are in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/criticalcare.html"&gt;critical care&lt;/a&gt; and need to be on a breathing machine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trachealdisorders.html" id="5449" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la tráquea</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014133">Tracheal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trachealdisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html" id="1544">Choking</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" id="6292">Croup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html" id="1660">Throat Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Tracheostomy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Windpipe Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Tracheitis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/respiratory-disorders-in-infants-and-children/bacterial-tracheitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-respiratorios-en-los-lactantes-y-los-ni%C3%B1os/traque%C3%ADtis-bacteriana">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blockage of upper airway" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000067.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choking: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/ART-20056637?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-choking/basics/art-20056637?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tracheal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tracheal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Croup: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endotracheal intubation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003449.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003449.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/esophageal-atresia-and-tracheoesophageal-fistula/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/atresia-esofagica-y-fistula-traqueoesofagica-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Larynx &amp; Trachea" url="https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/larynx.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Learning about ventilators" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000458.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with an Ostomy" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/surgery/ostomies/stomas-or-ostomies.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/cirugia/ostomias.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tracheal Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tracheal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Swallowing problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tracheal rupture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001092.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000988.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000988.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100103_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100103_1.htm">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheomalacia - acquired" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007310.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheomalacia - congenital" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001084.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001084.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002955.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tracheostomy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tracheostomy.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy - series -- Normal anatomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100043_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100043_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000076.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy tube - eating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000464.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheostomy tube - speaking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000465.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vocal Fold Paralysis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vocal-fold-paralysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/paralisis-de-las-cuerdas-vocales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Neck" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Durante una transfusión, usted recibe sangre completa o partes de la sangre como glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos o plaquetas. Entérese sobre la donación. " title="Transfusión y donación de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1778" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cada año, millones de personas reciben transfusiones sanguíneas que les salvan la vida. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante una transfusión, usted recibe sangre completa o partes de la sangre, tales como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Glóbulos rojos: Células que transportan oxígeno hacia y desde los tejidos y órganos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Plaquetas: Células que forman coágulos para controlar el sangrado &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Plasma: Parte líquida de la sangre que ayuda a la coagulación. Se puede necesitar cuando una persona tiene quemaduras graves, falla del hígado o una infección severa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las transfusiones se realiza sin problemas. Algunos agentes infecciosos, como el VIH, pueden sobrevivir en la sangre e infectar a la persona que está recibiendo la transfusión. Para mantener la sangre segura, los bancos de sangre analizan la sangre donada. El riesgo de contraer un virus a raíz de una transfusión es bajo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, es posible obtener una transfusión de su propia sangre. Durante una cirugía es posible perder sangre y necesitar reemplazarla. Si usted va a tener una cirugía que puede programar por adelantado, su doctor puede preguntarle si usted desea usar su propia sangre en lugar de una donada. Si es así, será necesario que le saquen sangre una o más veces antes de la cirugía. Un banco de sangre la almacenará para su uso. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html" id="1211" language="English">Blood Transfusion and Donation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html" id="2171">Células madre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html" id="2063">Donación de órganos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html" id="3647">Problemas de la sangre</related-topic>
<see-reference>Donación de sangre</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sangre, Donación de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sangre, Transfusión de</see-reference>
<site title="Cruz Roja Americana" url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Cruz Roja Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación de sangre" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/blood-donation/about/pac-20385144?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/blood-donation/about/pac-20385144?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación de sangre antes de la cirugía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000367.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exanguinotransfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grupos sanguíneos" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/blood-types.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/blood-types.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incompatibilidad ABO" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001306.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001306.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mitos y verdades: La donación de células progenitoras sanguíneas" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/spanish-translations/nmdp-document-myths-and-facts-of-donation-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Precauciones y reacciones adversas durante una transfusión de sangre" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-sangre/transfusi%C3%B3n-de-sangre/precauciones-y-reacciones-adversas-durante-una-transfusi%C3%B3n-de-sangre" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/blood-transfusion/precautions-and-adverse-reactions-during-blood-transfusion">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos contra los glóbulos rojos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-contra-los-globulos-rojos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-antibody-screen/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reacción transfusional hemolítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001303.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Serie de la exanguinotransfusión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transfusiones de sangre" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/transfusions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/transfusions.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transfusiones de sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000431.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo puede usted contribuir a la investigación médica? Done su sangre, sus tejidos y otras muestras" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/educacion-para-pacientes/como-contribuir-a-la-investigacion-medica" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/help-research-donate-tissue">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Ha donado sangre últimamente?" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/ha-donado-sangre-ultimamente" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/have-you-given-blood-lately">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a mini stroke. Even though the symptoms come and go, learn why TIA needs medical attention right away." title="Transient Ischemic Attack" url="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html" id="1570" language="English" date-created="11/01/2001">
<also-called>Mini-stroke</also-called>
<also-called>TIA</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt; that lasts only a few minutes. It happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is briefly blocked. Symptoms of a TIA are like other stroke symptoms, but do not last as long. They happen suddenly, and include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble seeing in one or both eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty walking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dizziness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of balance or coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
   
&lt;p&gt;Most symptoms of a TIA disappear within an hour, although they may last for up to 24 hours. Because you cannot tell if these symptoms are from a TIA or a stroke, you should go to the hospital right away.&lt;/p&gt;
   
&lt;p&gt;TIAs are often a warning sign for future &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html"&gt;strokes&lt;/a&gt;. Taking medicine, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;, may reduce your risk of a stroke. Your doctor might also recommend surgery. You can also help lower your risk by having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html"&gt;healthy lifestyle&lt;/a&gt;. This includes not smoking, not drinking too much, eating a healthy diet, and exercising. It is also important to control other health problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html" id="2203" language="Spanish">Ataque isquémico transitorio</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002546">Ischemic Attack, Transient</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html" id="6248">Ischemic Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mini-Stroke</see-reference>
<see-reference>TIA</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Thinners: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Carotid artery surgery - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002951.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carotid Ultrasound Imaging" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/us-carotid" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/us-carotid">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ischemic Attack, Transient" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ischemic+Attack,+Transient%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head MRI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics" url="https://www.heart.org/en/about-us/heart-and-stroke-association-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Life after Stroke" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ministroke vs. Regular Stroke: What's the Difference?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-ischemic-attack/expert-answers/mini-stroke/FAQ-20058390?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/transient-ischemic-attack/expert-answers/mini-stroke/FAQ-20058390?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transient Ischemic Attack" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ischemic+Attack%2C+Transient%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stroke" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/conditions-and-treatments/stroke/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stroke Signs and Symptoms" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/stroke/signs-and-symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/publications/apoplejia-factores-de-riesgo-sintomas-de-apoplejia-bookmark">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stroke Symptoms and Warning Signs" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-symptoms">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)" url="https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/tia-transient-ischemic-attack">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Stroke Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient Ischemic Attack" url="https://watchlearnlive.heart.org/index.php?moduleSelect=tisatk">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transient ischemic attack" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000730.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transient-ischemic-attack-tia">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vertebrobasilar circulatory disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001423.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001423.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Stents?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stents" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/endoprotesis">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La transpiración es la manera que tiene el cuerpo para enfriarse. Mucha transpiración se conoce como hiperhidrosis, muy poca se llama anhidrosis. Más aquí." title="Transpiración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html" id="2181" language="Spanish" date-created="09/22/2008">
<also-called>Sudor</also-called>
<also-called>Sudoración</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El sudor es un líquido claro y salado producido por glándulas en la piel. La transpiración es la manera que el cuerpo tiene para enfriarse. El sudor se produce principalmente debajo de los brazos, en los pies y las palmas de las manos. Cuando el sudor se mezcla con las bacterias de la piel puede causar olor. Bañarse con regularidad y usar antitranspirantes o desodorantes puede ayudar a controlar el olor. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando hace calor, practica ejercicios, está ansioso o tiene fiebre es normal transpirar mucho. También ocurre durante la menopausia. Sin embargo, si transpira demasiado (hiperhidrosis), puede deberse a un trastorno de la tiroides o del sistema nervioso, disminución del azúcar en la sangre u otro problema de salud. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Transpirar demasiado poco (anhidrosis), puede poner en riesgo la vida porque el cuerpo puede sobrecalentarse. Entre las causas de anhidrosis se incluyen la deshidratación, las quemaduras y algunos trastornos de la piel y los nervios. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html" id="1344" language="English">Sweat</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hidradenitissuppurativa.html" id="4364">Hidradenitis supurativa</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sudor</see-reference>
<site title="Antitranspirantes o desodorantes y el cáncer de seno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/mitos/hoja-informativa-antitranspirantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths/antiperspirants-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ausencia de sudoración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003219.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003219.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad que huele: El olor corporal puede ser señal de una enfermedad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/enfermedad-que-huele" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/09/smelling-sickness">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hiperhidrosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hyperhidrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20367152?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperhidrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007259.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Iontoforesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007293.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007293.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Miliaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heat-rash/symptoms-causes/syc-20373276?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-rash/symptoms-causes/syc-20373276?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Olor corporal" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/olor-corporal/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/body-odor/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel fría y húmeda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003216.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Simpatectomía torácica endoscópica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007291.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007291.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sofocos y sudoración (y el cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/bochornos-sudoracion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/hot-flashes-and-sweating.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudoraciones nocturnas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/night-sweats/basics/definition/sym-20050768?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/night-sweats/basics/definition/SYM-20050768?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudoración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003218.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003218.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudoración" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000127.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sudoración y olor corporal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sweating-and-body-odor/symptoms-causes/syc-20353895?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sweating-and-body-odor/symptoms-causes/syc-20353895?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el sudor?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/sweat.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/sweat.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trasplante de corazón es una cirugía para reemplazar un corazón dañado por uno sano de un donante. Entérese sobre el procedimiento y sus riesgos. " title="Trasplante de corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html" id="1944" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Trasplante cardíaco</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Durante el trasplante de corazón se extrae un corazón lesionado o enfermo y se reemplaza con uno sano. El corazón sano proviene de un donante que falleció. Es el último recurso de las personas con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;/a&gt; cuando todos los otros tratamientos han fracasado. La insuficiencia cardíaca pudo haber sido causada por la enfermedad coronaria, válvulas o músculos cardíacos dañados, defectos congénitos (de nacimiento) o infecciones virales del corazón. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Aunque la cirugía de trasplante es un procedimiento que puede salvar vidas, tiene muchos riesgos. La observación, tratamiento y cuidado médico regular pueden prevenir o manejar estos riesgos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Luego de la cirugía, la mayoría de pacientes trasplantados pueden volver a sus actividades normales. Sin embargo, por diversas razones, menos del 30% de ellos vuelve a trabajar.  &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html" id="278" language="English">Heart Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html" id="1943">Fallo cardíaco</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" id="5618">Rehabilitación cardíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html" id="2064">Trasplante de órganos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Corazón, Trasplante de</see-reference>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia miocárdica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003873.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003873.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el corazón sano" url="https://www.heart.org/es/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/how-the-healthy-heart-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Americana del Corazón</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007268.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007268.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivo de asistencia ventricular (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vad.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dispositivos de asistencia ventricular" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/dispositivos-de-asistencia-ventricular/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ventricular-assist-devices/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitación cardíaca: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante cardíaco" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/trasplante-cardiaco/" language-mapped-url="http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Proced/hearttx.cfm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003003.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003003.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100086_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100086_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de corazón y pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100147_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100147_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos cardíacos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-cardiacos-procedimientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-treatments-procedures">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un corazón artificial total?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/corazon-artificial-total" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/total-artificial-heart">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trasplante de células islotes transfiere células de un donante a otra persona. Es un tratamiento experimental para la diabetes tipo 1." title="Trasplante de células de los islotes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html" id="1984" language="Spanish" date-created="11/07/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las células de los islotes se encuentran en grupos en todo el páncreas. Se componen de varios tipos de células. Una de ellas son células beta, que producen insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda al cuerpo a utilizar la glucosa para obtener energía. El trasplante de células islotes transfiere células de un donante a otra persona. Es un tratamiento experimental para la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En la diabetes tipo 1, las células beta del páncreas dejan de producir insulina. Una persona con diabetes tipo 1 debe tomar insulina todos los días para poder vivir. No obstante, las células de los islotes trasplantadas pueden continuar el trabajo de las células destruidas. Después del implante, las células beta de los islotes comienzan a producir y liberar insulina. Los investigadores esperan que el trasplante de islotes pueda ayudar a las personas con diabetes tipo 1 a vivir sin tener la necesidad de aplicarse inyecciones diarias de insulina. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html" id="1511" language="English">Islet Cell Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Células de los islotes, Trasplante de</see-reference>
<site title="Diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de células de los islotes pancreáticos (trasplante de células de los islotes de Langerhans)" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%C3%B3gicos/trasplante/trasplante-de-c%C3%A9lulas-de-los-islotes-pancre%C3%A1ticos-trasplante-de-c%C3%A9lulas-de-los-islotes-de-langerhans">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de islotes pancreáticos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/insulina-medicamentos-tratamientos/trasplante-islotes-pancreaticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/insulin-medicines-treatments/pancreatic-islet-transplantation">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de páncreas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de órganos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trasplante de hígado es una cirugía para reemplazar un hígado enfermo por uno sano de un donante. La causa más común es la cirrosis. Entérese aquí. " title="Trasplante de hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" id="2010" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Trasplante hepático</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El hígado es el órgano de mayor tamaño dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda al organismo a digerir los alimentos, almacena energía y elimina toxinas. No se puede vivir sin un hígado que funcione bien. Si el hígado falla, el médico puede colocarlo en una lista de espera para un trasplante de hígado. Los médicos realizan trasplantes cuando otros tratamientos no logran mantener el funcionamiento de un hígado dañado.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Durante un trasplante de hígado, el cirujano extrae el hígado enfermo y lo reemplaza con uno sano. La mayoría de los hígados provienen de un donante fallecido. A veces hay un donante vivo, que es cuando una persona dona parte de su hígado a un paciente en particular. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La razón más común para un trasplante en adultos es la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt;, en la cual el hígado presenta tejido cicatricial. En los niños, la razón más común es la atresia biliar, una enfermedad de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html"&gt;conductos biliares&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Si tiene un trasplante, deberá tomar medicamentos por el resto de su vida para impedir que su cuerpo rechace al nuevo órgano.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html" id="311" language="English">Liver Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html" id="1824">Cirrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html" id="2009">Enfermedades del hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html" id="1949">Hepatitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html" id="2064">Trasplante de órganos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Hígado, Trasplante de</see-reference>
<site title="Si su hijo necesita un trasplante de hígado" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/liver-transplant.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/liver-transplant.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100090_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100090_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de hígado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003006.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003006.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de hígado" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/liver-transplant/about/pac-20384842?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de hígado de donante vivo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/living-donor-liver-transplant/pyc-20384846?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante hepático" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-inmunol%C3%B3gicos/trasplante/trasplante-hep%C3%A1tico">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trasplante de médula ósea es una cirugía para reemplazar médula ósea dañada por células sanas. Entérese sobre el procedimiento y sus riesgos. " title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1782" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La médula ósea es el tejido esponjoso dentro de algunos de sus huesos, como la cadera y el fémur. Contiene células inmaduras llamadas células madre. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse hasta ser glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a su cuerpo, glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y plaquetas que ayudan a la coagulación de la sangre. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Un trasplante de médula ósea es un procedimiento que reemplaza las células madre defectuosas de la médula ósea de una persona. Los médicos utilizan estos trasplantes para tratar a personas con ciertas enfermedades, como:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html"&gt;Leucemia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades graves de la sangre como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html"&gt;talasemias&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html"&gt;anemia aplásica&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html"&gt;anemia falciforme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html"&gt;Mieloma múltiple&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ciertas enfermedades inmunitarias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 


&lt;p&gt;Antes de someterse a un trasplante, usted necesita someterse a altas dosis de quimioterapia y posiblemente radiación. Esto destruye las células madre dañadas en la médula ósea. También suprime el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo para que no ataque a las nuevas células madre después del trasplante.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, usted puede donar sus propias células madre de médula ósea con antelación. Las células se guardan y se usan más adelante. También puede obtener células madre de un donante. El donante puede ser un miembro de su familia o una persona no relacionada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trasplante de médula ósea tiene riesgos graves. Algunas complicaciones pueden ser potencialmente mortales. Sin embargo, para algunas personas es la mejor esperanza para una cura o una vida más larga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html" id="1457" language="English">Bone Marrow Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html" id="2171">Células madre</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html" id="1781">Enfermedades de la médula ósea</related-topic>
<see-reference>Médula ósea, Trasplante</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000010.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos básicos del transplante de médula ósea y de sangre de cordón" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-basics-of-bmt-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Donación de células madre y médula ósea" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/proceso.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/donors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Donación de médula ósea (células madre)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000839.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de trasplante de células madre o médula ósea" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/donantes.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/transplant-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad injerto contra huésped" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001309.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proceso de un trasplante de células madre o médula ósea" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tipos-de-tratamiento/trasplante-de-celulas-madre/efectos-secundarios-del-trasplante.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/process.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de células madre sanguíneas y de médula ósea" url="https://www.lls.org/sites/default/files/file_assets/PS40S_Blood%20Marrow_SPA_6_16%20Reprint.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.lls.org/content/nationalcontent/resourcecenter/freeeducationmaterials/treatments/pdf/bloodmarrowstemcelltransplantation.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003009.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100112_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100112_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de médula ósea en niños: Alta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000938.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante y el linfoma no Hodgkin" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-transplant-hodgkin-lymphoma-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante y la leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-np01421-transplant-cll-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante y la leucemia mielógena aguda (LMA)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-np01424-transplant-aml-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante y leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA)" url="https://www.nmdp.org/-/media/project/nmdp/nmdpsite/pdfs/patients-and-families/support-for-you-and-your-family/apoyo-en-espanol/nmdp-document-np01422-transplant-all-factsheet-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplantes de células madre en el tratamiento del cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/trasplante-de-celulas-madre" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para trastornos sanguíneos" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/sangre-y-medula-osea-tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-bone-marrow-treatments">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trasplante de pulmón es una cirugía para reemplazar uno o ambos pulmones enfermos por pulmones sanos de un donante. Entérese sobre causas y pronóstico. " title="Trasplante de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html" id="2013" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Trasplante de pulmón</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante&lt;/a&gt; de pulmón es una cirugía para reemplazar uno o ambos pulmones enfermos por pulmones sanos de un donante. Durante la operación, el cirujano hace un corte en el pecho y extirpa el pulmón enfermo. Después, el cirujano cose el pulmón nuevo a los vasos sanguíneos principales y las vías respiratorias. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El médico puede recomendarle un trasplante de pulmón si tiene una enfermedad que no puede controlarse de otro modo. Estas enfermedades incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html"&gt;Fibrosis quística&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html"&gt;Fibrosis pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; idiopática &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html"&gt;Hipertensión pulmonar&lt;/a&gt; primaria &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las complicaciones del trasplante de pulmón incluyen rechazo del pulmón trasplantado e infecciones. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html" id="312" language="English">Lung Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Pulmón, Trasplante</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de corazón y pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100147_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100147_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003010.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003010.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100120_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100120_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de pulmón: Descripción general" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tratamientos-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/lung-transplant">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trasplante de páncreas es una cirugía para reemplazar un páncreas enfermo por uno sano de un donante. Entérese sobre las causas y el pronóstico. " title="Trasplante de páncreas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html" id="2073" language="Spanish" date-created="02/08/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. El trasplante de páncreas es una cirugía para colocar un páncreas sano de un donante en una persona con un páncreas enfermo. Este trasplante es más común en personas con  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html"&gt;diabetes tipo 1&lt;/a&gt; grave y permite que las personas con esta enfermedad no dependan de las inyecciones de insulina. Un procedimiento experimental llamado &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de células de los islotes&lt;/a&gt; trasplanta sólo las partes del páncreas que producen la insulina. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas a quienes se les hace un trasplante deben tomar medicamentos el resto de sus vidas para impedir que sus cuerpos rechacen el páncreas nuevo. También deben visitar al médico regularmente para su cuidado. Debido a los riesgos, no es un tratamiento común para la diabetes 1. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html" id="352" language="English">Pancreas Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<site title="Trasplante de páncreas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003007.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de páncreas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pancreas-transplant/about/pac-20384783?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de páncreas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100129_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100129_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un trasplante renal es una cirugía para reemplazar un riñón dañado por uno sano de un donante. Entérese sobre los trasplantes de riñón." title="Trasplante de riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1992" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Trasplante renal</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un trasplante renal es una operación para colocarle un riñón sano en su cuerpo. El riñón trasplantado asume la función de los riñones &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;deficientes&lt;/a&gt;  y usted no necesitará más tratamiento con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html"&gt;diálisis&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Durante un trasplante, el cirujano coloca el riñón nuevo en la parte inferior del abdomen y conecta la arteria y la vena renales del mismo a las de su riñón. Con frecuencia, el riñón nuevo comenzará a producir orina en cuanto la sangre comience a fluir a través de él. Pero algunas veces necesita algunas semanas para empezar a funcionar. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos riñones trasplantados vienen de donantes que fallecen. Algunos provienen de familiares en vida. La espera de un riñón nuevo puede ser larga. Las personas a quienes se les haya hecho un trasplante deben tomar medicamentos el resto de sus vidas para impedir que su organismo rechace el riñón trasplantado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1299" language="English">Kidney Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html" id="1989">Enfermedades de los riñones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html" id="1990">Insuficiencia renal</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html" id="2064">Trasplante de órganos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Renal, Trasplante</see-reference>
<see-reference>Riñón, Trasplante de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trasplante renal</see-reference>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de riñón" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/trasplante?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/insuficiencia-renal/transplante" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/kidney-transplant">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de riñón" url="https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/11-10-7720_IBH_PatBro_BigAsk_KT_SPAN.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-transplant">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional del Riñón</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100087_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100087_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trasplante de riñón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003005.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuando se realiza un trasplante de órganos, los médicos reemplazan un órgano dañado por uno sano de un donante. Tipos de trasplante de órganos. " title="Trasplante de órganos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html" id="2064" language="Spanish" date-created="01/23/2012">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usted puede necesitar un trasplante de órganos si uno de sus órganos no cumple con sus funciones. Esto puede ocurrir a causa de una enfermedad o lesión. Cuando se le realiza un trasplante de órganos, los médicos extirpan un órgano de otra persona y lo colocan en su cuerpo. El órgano puede provenir de un donante vivo o muerto. :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html"&gt;Corazón&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Intestino &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html"&gt;Riñón&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html"&gt;Hígado&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html"&gt;Pulmón&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html"&gt;Páncreas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas que necesitan un trasplante de órganos suelen tener que esperar el órgano durante un largo tiempo. Los médicos deben hacer coincidir a los donantes con los beneficiarios para reducir el riesgo de rechazo del trasplante.  Eso ocurre cuando el cuerpo de quien recibe el órgano (beneficiario) niega el órgano nuevo, provocando que no funcione correctamente. Las personas a quienes se les realizó algún trasplante deben tomar medicamentos por el resto de sus vidas para ayudar a impedir que sus cuerpos rechacen el órgano nuevo.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transplantationanddonation.html" id="38">Transplantes y donaciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html" id="1462" language="English">Organ Transplantation</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html" id="2063">Donación de órganos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html" id="1944">Trasplante de corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html" id="2010">Trasplante de hígado</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html" id="2013">Trasplante de pulmón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html" id="2073">Trasplante de páncreas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html" id="1992">Trasplante de riñón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Trasplante</see-reference>
<site title="Antígeno HLA-B27" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003551.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Corregir las partes del cuerpo defectuosas: Diseñar nuevos órganos y tejidos" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/corregir-las-partes-del-cuerpo-defectuosas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de antígenos de histocompatibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003550.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003550.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proceso de trasplante de órganos" url="https://donaciondeorganos.gov/conocer/proceso/2ni2/proceso-de-trasplante" language-mapped-url="https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/process/transplant-process">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rechazo al trasplante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000815.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000815.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Servicios de trasplantes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007457.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007457.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trastorno afectivo estacional es un tipo de depresión que produce cambios de ánimo graves durante el invierno, cuando hay menos luz. Entérese aquí. " title="Trastorno afectivo estacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html" id="3141" language="Spanish" date-created="02/27/2003">
<also-called>Depresión de invierno</also-called>
<also-called>Depresión estacional</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El trastorno afectivo estacional es un tipo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; que va y viene con las estaciones. Por lo general, comienza a finales de otoño y principios del invierno y desaparece durante la primavera y el verano. Algunas personas tienen episodios de depresión que comienzan en la primavera o el verano, pero eso es mucho menos común. Los síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tristeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Perspectiva sombría&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentimientos de desesperanza, pesimismo e irritación &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de interés en actividades que antes solía disfrutar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poca energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad para dormir o dormir demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deseos de comer carbohidratos y aumento de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamientos de muerte o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trastorno afectivo estacional es más común en las mujeres, los jóvenes y los que viven lejos del ecuador. También es más probable que lo sufra si usted o miembros de su familia tienen depresión. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se desconocen las causas exactas del trastorno. Los investigadores han encontrado que quienes la sufren pueden tener un desequilibrio de serotonina, un químico del cerebro que afecta su estado de ánimo. Sus cuerpos también producen demasiada melatonina, una hormona que regula el sueño, y no suficiente vitamina D.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento principal para el trastorno es la terapia de luz (fototerapia). La idea es reemplazar la luz del sol que se pierde durante los meses de otoño e invierno. Usted se sienta delante de una caja de fototerapia cada mañana para exponerse en forma diaria a la luz artificial brillante. Pero casi la mitad de algunas personas con el trastorno no responden a la terapia de luz sola. Los medicamentos antidepresivos y terapia de conversación pueden reducir los síntomas del trastorno afectivo estacional, ya sea solos o combinados con fototerapia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html" id="3140" language="English">Seasonal Affective Disorder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Afectivo estacional, Trastorno</see-reference>
<see-reference>TAE (Trastorno afectivo estacional)</see-reference>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001532.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001532.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20364651?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20364651?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-afectivo-estacional" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional (información para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/sad.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sad.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional (SAD)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-afectivo-estacional-sad-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional: Algo más que la tristeza invernal" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-afectivo-estacional-algo-mas-que-la-tristeza-invernal" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad-more-than-the-winter-blues">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno afectivo estacional: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20364722?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el trastorno afectivo estacional: Elegir una caja de fototerapia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/in-depth/seasonal-affective-disorder-treatment/art-20048298?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/in-depth/seasonal-affective-disorder-treatment/ART-20048298?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trastorno bipolar es una enfermedad que produce cambios de ánimo poco comunes. Las personas pasan de sentirse muy felices a muy tristes muy rápido." title="Trastorno bipolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html" id="1772" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Enfermedad maniaco-depresiva</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno bipolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trastorno bipolar es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html"&gt;afección del estado de ánimo&lt;/a&gt; que puede provocar cambios de ánimo intensos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En ocasiones puede sentirse extremadamente "animado", eufórico, irritable o con energía. Esto se conoce como &lt;strong&gt;episodio maníaco&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otras veces puede sentirse deprimido, triste, indiferente o desesperanzado. A esto se le llama &lt;strong&gt;episodio depresivo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede tener síntomas maníacos y depresivos a la vez, también conocido como &lt;strong&gt;episodio mixto&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Junto con los cambios de ánimo, el trastorno bipolar provoca cambios en el comportamiento, los niveles de energía y los niveles de actividad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trastorno bipolar solía tener otros nombres, como depresión maníaca y trastorno maniacodepresivo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastorno bipolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos principales de trastorno bipolar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; El &lt;strong&gt;trastorno bipolar I&lt;/strong&gt; incluye episodios maníacos que duran al menos 7 días o síntomas maníacos tan graves que necesita atención hospitalaria inmediata. Los episodios depresivos también son frecuentes. Suelen durar al menos dos semanas. Este tipo de trastorno bipolar también puede implicar episodios mixtos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;trastorno bipolar II&lt;/strong&gt; se define por episodios depresivos, pero en lugar de graves episodios maníacos, se presentan episodios hipomaníacos. La hipomanía es una versión menos grave de la manía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; El &lt;strong&gt;trastorno ciclotímico&lt;/strong&gt; o ciclotimia también presenta síntomas hipomaníacos y depresivos, pero no son tan intensos o duraderos como los episodios hipomaníacos o depresivos. Los síntomas suelen durar al menos dos años en adultos y un año en niños y adolescentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Con cualquiera de estos tipos, un paciente que tenga cuatro o más episodios de manía o depresión en un año se conoce como "ciclador rápido".&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el trastorno bipolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa exacta del trastorno bipolar. Es probable que varios factores influyan en esta afección, incluyendo la genética, la estructura y función del cerebro y su ambiente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener un trastorno bipolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de trastorno bipolar si tiene un familiar cercano que lo padece. Pasar por un trauma o eventos estresantes en la vida puede aumentar aún más este riesgo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno bipolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas del trastorno bipolar pueden variar, pero involucran cambios de ánimo conocidos como episodios anímicos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los síntomas de un &lt;strong&gt;episodio maníaco&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse muy optimista, eufórico o animado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Sentirse nervioso o acelerado, más activo de lo habitual&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Tener muy mal genio o parecer extremadamente irritable&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt; Sentir que los pensamientos van muy rápido, lo mismo al hablar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dormir menos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse inusualmente importante, talentoso o poderoso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hacer cosas arriesgadas que muestren falta de juicio, como comer y beber demasiado, gastar o regalar mucho dinero o tener relaciones sexuales poco seguras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;li&gt;Los síntomas de un &lt;strong&gt;episodio depresivo&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir:&lt;/li&gt;
 
 
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Sentirse muy triste, desesperanzado o inútil&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse solo o aislarse de los demás&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hablar muy despacio, sentir que no tiene nada que decir u olvidar mucho&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tener poca energía&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dormir demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer demasiado o muy poco&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Falta de interés en sus actividades habituales y no poder hacer cosas simples&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pensar en la muerte o el suicidio&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;Un &lt;strong&gt;episodio mixto&lt;/strong&gt; incluye síntomas maníacos y depresivos. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse muy triste, vacío o desesperanzado, mientras que al mismo tiempo se siente extremadamente lleno de energía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con trastorno bipolar pueden tener síntomas más leves. Por ejemplo, puede tener hipomanía en lugar de manía. En la hipomanía, puede sentirse muy bien y descubrir que puede hacer mucho. Puede que no sienta que algo anda mal. Pero su familia y amigos pueden notar sus cambios de ánimo y en sus niveles de actividad. Es posible que se den cuenta de que su comportamiento es inusual para usted. Después de la hipomanía, es posible que tenga una depresión grave.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los episodios de estado de ánimo pueden durar una semana o dos o en ocasiones más. En general, los síntomas de un episodio se presentan todos los días durante la mayor parte del día.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno bipolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para diagnosticar el trastorno bipolar, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas, historial de vida, experiencias e historia familiar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pruebas médicas para descartar otras afecciones&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Una evaluación de salud mental. Su proveedor puede realizar la evaluación o puede derivarlo a un especialista en salud mental para evaluarlo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento puede ayudar a muchas personas, incluyendo aquellas con las formas más graves de trastorno bipolar. Los principales tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar incluyen medicamentos, psicoterapia o ambos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas del trastorno bipolar. Es posible que deba probar varios medicamentos diferentes para encontrar cuál funciona mejor para usted. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un medicamento. Es importante tomar su medicamento de manera constante. No deje de tomarlo sin antes hablar con su proveedor. Contacte a su profesional de la salud si tiene alguna pregunta sobre los efectos secundarios de los medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;psicoterapia&lt;/strong&gt; (terapia de conversación) puede ayudarlo a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y comportamientos preocupantes. Puede brindarle a usted y su familia apoyo, educación, habilidades y estrategias para enfrentar el trastorno. Existen varios tipos diferentes de psicoterapia que pueden ayudar con el trastorno bipolar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Otras &lt;strong&gt;opciones de tratamiento&lt;/strong&gt; incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;


&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia electroconvulsiva&lt;/strong&gt;: Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que puede ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. Utiliza una corriente eléctrica suave y se realiza bajo anestesia general. Esta terapia se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para el trastorno bipolar grave que no mejora con otros tratamientos. También se puede usar cuando alguien necesita un tratamiento que funcione más rápidamente que los medicamentos. Esto podría suceder cuando una persona tiene un alto riesgo de suicidio o es catatónica (no responde)
  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr)&lt;/strong&gt;: Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que utiliza ondas magnéticas para aliviar la depresión. No es tan potente como la terapia electroconvulsiva, pero con la EMTr no se necesita anestesia general. También tiene un bajo riesgo de efectos negativos en la memoria y el pensamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fototerapia&lt;/strong&gt;: Se ha demostrado eficaz para el trastorno afectivo estacional (TAE). Muchas personas con trastorno bipolar también descubren que su depresión empeora durante ciertas estaciones, generalmente en otoño e invierno. La fototerapia puede ayudar con los síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cambios saludables en el estilo de vida&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto incluye hacer ejercicio con regularidad, tener un horario de sueño constante y llevar un diario del estado de ánimo, lo que también pueden ayudar con los síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno bipolar es una enfermedad de por vida. Pero el tratamiento continuo a largo plazo puede ayudar a controlar sus síntomas y permitir vivir una vida saludable y exitosa.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html" id="600" language="English">Bipolar Disorder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848">Depresión</related-topic>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el trastorno bipolar y aumento de peso" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-medications-and-weight-gain/faq-20058043?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-medications-and-weight-gain/FAQ-20058043?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proveedores de atención de la salud mental: consejos para encontrar uno" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-bipolar-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bipolar-disorder/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-bipolar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/salud-mental/bipolar" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health/bipolar">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/bipolar.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bipolar.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000926.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000926.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-bipolar-en-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-teens-and-young-adults-know-the-signs">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-trastorno-bipolar-en-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar y alcoholismo: ¿Están relacionados?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-disorder/faq-20057890?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-disorder/FAQ-20057890?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno bipolar: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿El tratamiento para el trastorno bipolar I es diferente del tratamiento para el trastorno bipolar II?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-treatment/faq-20058042?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-treatment/FAQ-20058042?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad son los principales síntomas del trastorno de déficit atencional e hiperactividad (TDAH). Más aquí." title="Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="1762" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Deficiencia de atención</also-called>
<also-called>TDAH</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El TDAH es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Por lo general, se diagnostica por primera vez en la infancia y, a menudo, dura hasta la edad adulta. Sin embargo, a algunas personas no se les diagnostica el trastorno hasta que son adultas. El TDAH implica:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas para prestar atención (falta de atención)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas para controlar conductas impulsivas (impulsividad)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ser demasiado activo (hiperactividad)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos de TDAH:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TDAH predominantemente inatento&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen problemas para prestar atención y se distraen con facilidad. Les cuesta organizarse o terminar las tareas. Pueden tener problemas para seguir instrucciones o conversaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TDAH predominantemente hiperactivo e impulsivo&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen síntomas tanto de hiperactividad como de impulsividad:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Con hiperactividad&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas sienten la necesidad de estar siempre en movimiento. Tienen problemas para quedarse quietas y pueden ser inquietas y/o hablar demasiado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Con impulsividad&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas tienen problemas para controlar sus acciones y palabras. Tienden a actuar sobre ideas o sentimientos repentinos sin pensar en las posibles consecuencias. Pueden interrumpir mucho a los demás o tener problemas para esperar su turno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TDAH combinado&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen una combinación de síntomas de falta de atención e hiperactividad-impulsividad. El TDAH combinado es el más común&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces es normal tener problemas para prestar atención o quedarse quieto, especialmente en los niños. Pero, en ocasiones, las personas con TDAH tienen síntomas más graves que pueden causar problemas serios, como malas calificaciones para los niños o la pérdida del trabajo para los adultos. Los síntomas son continuos y también pueden afectar la vida familiar y social.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa exacta del TDAH. Probablemente es el resultado de una combinación de factores, como la genética y el entorno. Los investigadores están analizando posibles factores ambientales que podrían aumentar el riesgo de tener TDAH. Estos factores incluyen lesiones cerebrales, nutrición y entornos sociales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas dependen del tipo de TDAH que tenga una persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las personas con síntomas de problemas de atención con frecuencia:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No se fijan en detalles o cometen errores por descuido en la escuela, el trabajo o en otras actividades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen problemas para concentrarse en actividades de juego o tareas laborales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No parecen escuchar cuando se le habla directamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Les resulta difícil seguir instrucciones o terminar tareas, o pueden comenzar, pero se desconcentran fácilmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen problemas para organizarse, mantener sus pertenencias en orden y administrar el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitan realizar tareas que requieren largos períodos de esfuerzo mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pierden artículos importantes como libros, billeteras, llaves, anteojos y celulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Olvidan hacer las actividades diarias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A menudo, quienes tienen TDHA con síntomas de hiperactividad-impulsividad pueden:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar inquietos y moverse al estar sentados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pararse cuando deben permanecer sentados, como en la escuela o el trabajo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Correr o trepar cuando no es apropiado (niños) o estar inquietos (adolescentes y adultos)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas para realizar actividades tranquilas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estar en constante movimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar mucho más de lo normal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dar respuestas bruscas antes de que se completen las preguntas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener problemas para esperar su turno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Interrumpir a los demás, como durante conversaciones o juegos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las personas con TDAH combinado muestran una mezcla de síntomas de falta de atención e hiperactividad-impulsividad.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una prueba única para diagnosticar el TDAH. Un paso del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-tdah/"&gt;proceso para diagnosticar el TDAH&lt;/a&gt; implica realizar un examen físico, que incluye pruebas de visión, pruebas de audición (para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-ninos/"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-adultos/"&gt;adultos&lt;/a&gt;) y otros exámenes para descartar otros problemas con síntomas parecidos al TDAH. Otros problemas con síntomas similares incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;dificultades para dormir&lt;/a&gt; y ciertos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;problemas de aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El proceso también implica un historial médico completo y antecedentes familiares. Y generalmente incluye el uso de listas de verificación de síntomas de TDAH, cuestionarios y/o preguntas de entrevista estandarizados. Estas herramientas tienen escalas de calificación (sistemas de puntuación) que ayudan al profesional de la salud a ver si los síntomas y los antecedentes de una persona se ajustan a un diagnóstico de TDAH.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico de TDAH, el profesional de la salud debe haber encontrado todas estas cosas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Varios síntomas de TDAH que comenzaron antes de los 12 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Varios síntomas de falta de atención y/o hiperactividad-impulsividad que han durado al menos 6 meses y causan problemas graves:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para niños de hasta 16 años, debe haber al menos 6 síntomas continuos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Para los mayores de 17 años, debe haber al menos 5 síntomas continuos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas que ocurren en 2 o más entornos, por ejemplo, en el hogar y en el trabajo o la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas que claramente obstaculizan el buen funcionamiento en la escuela, el trabajo y/o en situaciones sociales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los síntomas no son causados por otro &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;trastorno de salud mental&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Aunque no existe cura para el TDAH, los tratamientos pueden ayudar a reducir los síntomas y mejorar el funcionamiento. El TDAH se trata comúnmente con:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Psicoterapia (terapia de conversación), incluyendo terapia conductual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Educación o capacitación para padres para brindarles las habilidades y estrategias para ayudar a sus hijos. Esto es especialmente importante para los niños más pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una combinación de estos tratamientos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Buenos planes de tratamiento incluyen una estrecha vigilancia, seguimiento y la realización de cambios, si es necesario, a lo largo del camino.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Llevar un estilo de vida saludable, como una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;alimentación sana&lt;/a&gt; y hacer &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;ejercicio regular&lt;/a&gt;, también puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para los niños en edad escolar, el apoyo escolar es importante. Esto puede incluir intervenciones conductuales en el aula, como planes de manejo del comportamiento o enseñarle a su hijo habilidades organizativas y de estudio. También puede incluir adaptaciones como asientos específicos en el aula, trabajo de clase reducido o tiempo adicional en pruebas y exámenes.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="152" language="English">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html" id="2001">Problemas de aprendizaje</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="1809">Trastornos de la conducta del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>ADHD</see-reference>
<see-reference>Déficit de atención con hiperactividad, Trastorno de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hiperactividad</see-reference>
<site title="Adaptar un estilo de comunicación con su hijo con TDAH" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Adapting-a-Style-of-Communication-with-Your-Child-with-ADHD.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alergias (y el azúcar) y la hiperactividad" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Allergies-and-Hyperactivity.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/adhd/pages/allergies-and-hyperactivity.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Azúcar e hiperactividad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Causas del TDAH" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Causes-of-ADHD.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conjunto de herramientas de apoyo para el TDAH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/conjunto-de-herramientas-de-apoyo-para-el-tdah" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/adhd-support-toolkit">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conocimientos sobre el TDAH: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/conocimientos-sobre-el-tdah-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/understanding-adhd-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo enfrentar el estigma del TDAH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-enfrentar-el-estigma-del-tdah" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/taking-on-the-stigma-of-adhd">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo identificar afecciones coexistentes o asociadas en los niños con TDAH" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/paginas/identifying-coexisting-conditions.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico del TDA/H en adultos" url="https://chadd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/DiagnosisofADHDinAdultsSpanishfinal.pdf">
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Niños y Adultos con Trastorno de Deficiencia de Atención/Hiperactividad</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del TDAH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-tdah/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adhd-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hiperactividad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003256.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información para los padres sobre el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Understanding-ADHD.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el TDAH (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ritalin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ritalin.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el trastorno de hiperactividad y déficit de atención (THDA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007592.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos y tratamientos comunes para niños con TDAH" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/determining-adhd-medication-treatments.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Otras preocupaciones y condiciones médicas relacionadas con el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/es/about/otras-preocupaciones-y-condiciones-medicas-relacionadas-con-el-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/about/other-concerns-and-conditions.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeras señales de advertencia del TDAH" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/Early-Warning-Signs-of-ADHD.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas farmacogenéticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/es/signs-symptoms/sintomas-del-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion-e-hiperactividad-tdah.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="TDAH (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/adhd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/adhd.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="TDAH (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adhd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="TDAH a lo largo de la vida: Cómo se manifiesta en los adultos" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-tdah-a-lo-largo-de-la-vida-como-se-manifiesta-en-los-adultos" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/adhd-across-the-lifespan-what-it-looks-like-in-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TDAH a lo largo de la vida: Cómo se manifiesta en los niños y adolescentes" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-tdah-a-lo-largo-de-la-vida-como-se-manifiesta-en-los-ninos-y-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/adhd-across-the-lifespan-what-it-looks-like-in-children-and-teens">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
</site>
<site title="TDAH en niños" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="TDAH y el abuso de sustancias: Una conexión que los padres deben conocer" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Paginas/ADHD-and-Substance-Abuse-The-Link-Parents-Need-to-Know.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/health-issues/conditions/adhd/pages/adhd-and-substance-abuse-the-link-parents-need-to-know.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="TDAH: Consejos que puedes probar (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/adhd-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/adhd-tips.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de conducta para niños con TDAH" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/adhd/paginas/behavior-therapy-parent-training.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/adhd/Pages/Behavior-Therapy-Parent-Training.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) en adultos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350878?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350878?p=1">
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad en adultos: lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-deficit-de-atencion-con-hiperactividad-en-adultos-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/adhd-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Adultos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad en los niños y los adolescentes: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/el-trastorno-de-deficit-de-atencion-con-hiperactividad-en-los-ninos-y-los-adolescentes-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de hiperactividad con déficit de atención (THDA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001551.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/es/trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion-e-hiperactividad-tdah.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del TDAH" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion-e-hiperactividad-tdah.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento y manejo del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-tratamiento-y-manejo-del-trastorno-por-deficit-de-atencion-e-hiperactividad" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-and-dealing-adhd">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué medicamentos se emplean para tratar el TDAH?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/que-medicamentos-se-emplean-para-tratar-el-tdah" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/what-medications-are-used-to-treat-adhd">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trastorno de estrés postraumático puede ocurrir después de eventos traumáticos como guerras, huracanes, violaciones, abusos físicos o accidentes graves." title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="2099" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>TEPT</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) es una afección de salud mental que algunas personas desarrollan tras experimentar o ver algún evento traumático. Este episodio puede poner en peligro la vida, como la guerra, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;desastre natural&lt;/a&gt;, un accidente automovilístico o una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html"&gt;agresión sexual&lt;/a&gt;. Pero a veces el evento no es necesariamente peligroso. Por ejemplo, la muerte repentina e inesperada de un ser querido también puede causar TEPT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es normal sentir miedo durante y después de una situación traumática. El miedo desencadena una respuesta de "lucha o huida". Esta es la forma en que el cuerpo busca protegerse de posibles peligros. Causa cambios en el cuerpo, como la liberación de ciertas hormonas y aumenta el estado de alerta, la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca y la respiración.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, normalmente la mayoría de las personas se recuperan bien. Pero las personas con TEPT no se sienten mejor. Se sienten estresados y asustados mucho después de que el trauma haya terminado. En algunos casos, los síntomas de TEPT pueden comenzar más tarde. También pueden aparecer y desaparecer con el tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el trastorno de estrés postraumático?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los investigadores no saben por qué algunas personas tienen TEPT y otras no. La genética, la neurobiología, los factores de riesgo y los aspectos personales pueden afectar si tiene TEPT después de un evento traumático.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede desarrollar TEPT a cualquier edad. Muchos factores de riesgo juegan un papel en si tendrá TEPT. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su género: Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar TEPT&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Haber tenido traumas en la infancia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentir horror, impotencia o miedo extremo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Pasar por un evento traumático que dura mucho tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener poco o ningún apoyo social después del evento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sufrir estrés adicional después del evento, como la pérdida de un ser querido, dolor y lesiones, o la pérdida del trabajo o del hogar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener antecedentes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades mentales&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;uso de sustancias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay cuatro tipos de síntomas de TEPT, pero pueden no ser los mismos para todos. Cada persona experimenta síntomas a su manera. Los tipos son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Volver a experimentar los síntomas (reviviscencia)&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando algo le recuerda el trauma y siente ese miedo de nuevo. Ejemplos incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flashbacks: Le hacen sentir como si estuviera pasando por el evento nuevamente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pesadillas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Pensamientos aterradores&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Síntomas de evasión&lt;/strong&gt;: Cuando intenta evitar situaciones o personas que desencadenan recuerdos del evento traumático. Esto puede hacer que usted:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evite lugares, eventos u objetos que le recuerden la experiencia traumática. Por ejemplo, si tuvo un accidente automovilístico, podría dejar de conducir&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evite pensamientos o sentimientos relacionados con el evento traumático. Por ejemplo, puede intentar mantenerse muy ocupado para evitar pensar en lo que sucedió&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Síntomas de hipervigilancia y reactividad&lt;/strong&gt;: Estos pueden causar nerviosismo o estar atento al peligro. Incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse fácilmente sobresaltado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse tenso o "al límite"&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html"&gt;dificultad para dormir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Tener arrebatos de ira&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Síntomas cognitivos y del estado de ánimo&lt;/strong&gt;: Consisten en cambios negativos en creencias y sentimientos. Incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Problemas para recordar cosas importantes sobre el evento traumático&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pensamientos negativos sobre usted o el mundo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentir culpa y remordimiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Perder interés en cosas que antes disfrutaba&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas para concentrarse
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

 
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas generalmente comienzan poco después del acontecimiento traumático. Pero a veces pueden tardarse en aparecer meses o años. También pueden ir y venir por muchos años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si sus síntomas duran más de cuatro semanas, le causan una gran angustia o interfieren con su vida laboral o personal, es posible que tenga TEPT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno de estrés postraumático?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud con experiencia en ayudar a personas con enfermedades mentales puede diagnosticar TEPT. El proveedor realizará una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/"&gt;evaluación de salud mental&lt;/a&gt; y también puede hacer un examen físico. Para obtener un diagnóstico de TEPT, debe tener todos estos síntomas durante al menos un mes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al menos un síntoma de reviviscencia  &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al menos un síntoma de evitación (evasión) &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Al menos dos síntomas de hipervigilancia y reactividad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al menos dos síntomas cognitivos y anímicos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno de estrés postraumático?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los principales tratamientos para el TEPT son la terapia de conversación, medicamentos o ambos a la vez. El TEPT afecta a las personas de manera diferente, por lo que un tratamiento que funciona para alguien puede no hacerlo para otra persona. Si tiene TEPT, debe trabajar con un profesional de salud mental para encontrar el mejor tratamiento para sus síntomas.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psicoterapia o terapia de conversación&lt;/strong&gt;: Busca educar sobre los síntomas. Enseña a identificar qué los desencadena y cómo manejarlos. Existen diferentes tipos de terapia de conversación para el TEPT&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Pueden ayudar con los síntomas del TEPT. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudar a controlar síntomas como la tristeza, la preocupación, la ira y la sensación de vacío interno. Otros medicamentos pueden ayudar con problemas del sueño y pesadillas&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir el trastorno de estrés postraumático?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay ciertos factores que pueden ayudar a reducir el riesgo de desarrollar TEPT. Estos se conocen como factores de resiliencia e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Buscar el apoyo de otras personas como amigos, familiares o un grupo de apoyo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Aprender a sentirse bien con su actuar ante el peligro&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener una estrategia de afrontamiento o una forma de superar el episodio traumático y aprender de él&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Poder actuar y responder eficazmente a pesar de sentir miedo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;





&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="367" language="English">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html" id="2175">Estrés</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="2220">Salud del veterano y personal militar</related-topic>
<see-reference>Estrés postraumático, Trastorno de</see-reference>
<see-reference>PTSD</see-reference>
<see-reference>TEPT</see-reference>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayudando a su adolescente a enfrentarse al estrés traumático y abuso de sustancias: Una guía para padres" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//helping_your_teen_cope_traumatic_stress_substance_abuse_parents_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos del trastorno de estrés postraumático" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/ptsd_basics_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/ptsd_basics.asp">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo afrontar las reacciones de estrés traumático" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/gethelp/cope_stress_reactions_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/gethelp/coping_stress_reactions.asp">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a su hijo después de un trauma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/trauma-care.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/trauma-care.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a un familiar que tiene TEPT" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/family/help_family_member_sp.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos del TEPT sobre la familia" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/family/effects_ptsd_family_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/family/effect_families.asp">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendamos el estrés traumático infantil" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//understanding_child_traumatic_stress_sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="http://www.nctsnet.org/resources/audiences/parents-caregivers/what-is-cts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés postraumático después de un accidente de tránsito" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-post-traumatic-stress-after-a-traffic-accident-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrés postraumático relacionado con el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/supervivencia/nueva-normalidad/ptsd-pdq#section/all" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/new-normal/ptsd-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eventos traumáticos y los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000588.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundamentos del tratamiento de trastorno por estrés postraumático" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand_tx/tx_basics_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/tx_basics.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía informativa sobre la aflicción traumática infantil" url="https://www.nctsn.org/sites/default/files/resources//childhood_traumatic_grief_materials_parents_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Manejando el estrés traumático: Consejos para recuperarse después de un desastre u otro acontecimiento traumático" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disasters-response/consejos-desastres?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes después de un trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia de procesamiento cognitivo" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand_tx/cpt_therapy_sp.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000925.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ptsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ptsd.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ptsd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ptsd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT): Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355973?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT): Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355967?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355967?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno por estrés postraumático" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-por-estres-postraumatico" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno por estrés postraumático" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-por-estres-postraumatico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT)" url="https://www.nami.org/NAMI/media/NAMI-Media/Images/FactSheets/Spanish_PTSD_(trastorno-por-estres-postraumatico).pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno por estrés postraumático en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/teens_ptsd_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/teens_ptsd.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Veteranos de edad avanzada y los síntomas del estrés postraumático" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/what/aging_veterans_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/aging_veterans.asp">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trastorno de pánico es un tipo de ansiedad que causa el ataque de pánico. En algunos casos, el miedo puede dominar la vida de una persona. Síntomas." title="Trastorno de pánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html" id="2076" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Ataques de pánico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno de pánico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno de pánico es un tipo de trastorno de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;. Causa ataques de pánico repetidos, períodos repentinos de miedo intenso, malestar o sensación de perder el control. Estos ataques ocurren aunque no exista un peligro real. A menudo causan síntomas físicos. Por ejemplo, es posible que sienta latidos cardíacos rápidos o fuertes o piense que está sufriendo un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque cardíaco&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene ataques de pánico, no significa que vaya a desarrollar un trastorno de pánico. Muchas personas sólo tienen uno o dos ataques de pánico en su vida y mejoran sin tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero algunas de las personas que sufren ataques de pánico desarrollan un trastorno de pánico, es decir, tienen ataques de pánico frecuentes. Los ataques pueden ocurrir varias veces al día o tan raramente como unas pocas veces al año. Con frecuencia, las personas con trastorno de pánico se preocupan por sufrir otro ataque. Puede hacer que eviten lugares y situaciones donde tuvieron ataques de pánico en el pasado.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trastorno de pánico no pone en peligro la vida, pero puede ser perturbador y afectar su calidad de vida. Y si no se trata, a veces puede provocar otros problemas de salud, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y trastornos por uso de sustancias.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el trastorno de pánico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa del trastorno de pánico. Los investigadores piensan que ciertos factores pueden influir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genética: En ocasiones, el trastorno de pánico es hereditario, pero no se sabe con certeza por qué algunos miembros de la familia lo padecen y otros no&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Biología y química del cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su ambiente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alto nivel de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener un trastorno de pánico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno de pánico es más común en mujeres que en hombres. A menudo comienza al final de la adolescencia o al comienzo de la edad adulta. En ocasiones, comienza cuando una persona está bajo mucho estrés. Las personas que han sufrido un trauma, especialmente en la infancia, tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar un trastorno de pánico.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno de pánico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con trastorno de pánico pueden tener:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ataques de pánico repentinos y frecuentes de ansiedad y miedo abrumadores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una sensación de estar fuera de control o miedo a la muerte durante un ataque de pánico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una intensa preocupación por otro ataque de pánico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Temor o evitar de lugares y situaciones donde tuvieron ataques de pánico en el pasado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Síntomas físicos durante un ataque de pánico, como:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Corazón palpitante o acelerado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sudoración o escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Temblor o agitación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html"&gt;Problemas para respirar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sensación de que se están ahogando&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Debilidad o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dolor de estómago o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los ataques de pánico pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento y sin previo aviso. Pueden durar desde unos pocos minutos hasta más de una hora.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno de pánico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene trastorno de pánico, su profesional de la salud:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede verificar si un problema físico no relacionado está causando sus síntomas, por ejemplo con:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre para detectar problemas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;tiroides&lt;/a&gt; y otras posibles afecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html"&gt;Pruebas de la salud del corazón&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede hacer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-trastorno-de-panico/"&gt;prueba de trastorno de pánico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede derivarlo a un profesional de salud mental para la prueba de trastorno de pánico u otros tipos de evaluaciones psicológicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno de pánico?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento para el trastorno de pánico suele incluir uno o más de los siguientes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de conversación&lt;/strong&gt;, también llamada psicoterapia o asesoramiento, que puede ayudarle a comprender sus sentimientos
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede incluir &lt;strong&gt;terapia cognitivo-conductual&lt;/strong&gt;, un tipo de terapia de conversación que ayuda a cambiar los pensamientos negativos o la forma en que reacciona ante las cosas que le provocan ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, incluyendo:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;, como los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina y los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y norepinefrina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicamentos contra la ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud también puede sugerirle que siga un estilo de vida saludable, lo que puede ayudar con el trastorno de pánico. Esto puede incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reducir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html"&gt;cafeína&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer comidas regulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir bien&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer ejercicio regularmente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Unirse a un grupo de apoyo también puede ayudar. Los grupos de apoyo pueden hacerle sentir que no está solo y es posible que aprenda nuevas sugerencias sobre cómo afrontar la situación.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html" id="601" language="English">Panic Disorder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html" id="1752">Ansiedad</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pánico, Trastorno de</see-reference>
<site title="Agorafobia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000923.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ataques de pánico y el trastorno de pánico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/panic-attacks/symptoms-causes/syc-20376021?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/panic-attacks/symptoms-causes/syc-20376021?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperventilación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003071.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003071.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del trastorno de pánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-trastorno-de-panico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/panic-disorder-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de pánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000924.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000924.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de pánico" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-de-panico-y-ataques-de-panico-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/panic-disorder/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de pánico" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/panic-disorder.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/pages/Panic-Disorder.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de pánico: Cuando el miedo agobia" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-de-panico-cuando-el-miedo-agobia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/panic-disorder-when-fear-overwhelms">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El trastorno del espectro autista afecta cómo una persona se comporta, interactúa con otros, se comunica y aprende. Tipos, síntomas, tratamiento." title="Trastorno del espectro autista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="1763" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Autismo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es una afección neurológica y de desarrollo que comienza en la niñez y dura toda la vida. Afecta cómo una persona se comporta, interactúa con otros, se comunica y aprende. Este trastorno incluye lo que se conocía como síndrome de Asperger y el trastorno generalizado del desarrollo no especificado.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se lo llama "trastorno de espectro" porque diferentes personas con TEA pueden tener una gran variedad de síntomas distintos. Estas pueden tener problemas para hablar con usted y es posible que no lo miren a los ojos cuando usted les habla. Además, pueden tener intereses limitados y comportamientos repetitivos. Es posible que pasen mucho tiempo ordenando cosas o repitiendo una frase una y otra vez. Parecieran estar en su "propio mundo".  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Durante los chequeos regulares, el doctor debería examinar el desarrollo de su niño. Si existen signos de TEA, su niño tendrá una evaluación completa y exhaustiva. Esta puede incluir un equipo de especialistas que realizarán varios exámenes y evaluaciones para llegar a un diagnóstico.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No se conocen las causas del trastorno del espectro autista. Las investigaciones sugieren que tanto los genes como los factores ambientales juegan un rol importante. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento estándar para el TEA. Hay muchas maneras de maximizar la capacidad del niño para crecer y aprender nuevas habilidades. Cuanto antes se comience, mayores son las probabilidades de tener más efectos positivos en los síntomas y las aptitudes. Los tratamientos incluyen terapias de comportamiento y de comunicación, desarrollo de habilidades y/o medicamentos para controlar los síntomas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="153" language="English">Autism Spectrum Disorder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="1809">Trastornos de la conducta del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Asperger, Síndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Autismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Trastornos generalizados del desarrollo</see-reference>
<site title="Aceptar el diagnóstico de autismo ayuda a una familia a tomar el control" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/aceptar-el-diagnostico-de-autismo-ayuda-a-una-familia-a-tomar-el-control" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/embracing-autism-diagnosis-helps-family-take-charge">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/autismo-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autismo: Cuidado con las terapias y los productos potencialmente peligrosos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/autismo-cuidado-con-las-terapias-y-los-productos-potencialmente-peligrosos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/be-aware-potentially-dangerous-products-and-therapies-claim-treat-autism">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autismo: Preocupaciones médicas en la adolescencia" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/Paginas/Autism-Medical-Concerns-During-Adolescence.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autismo: ¿Por qué debe reaccionar pronto?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/actearly/Por-que-debe-reaccionar-pronto.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/whyActEarly.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo identificar temprano las señales del autismo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/news/paginas/identifying-the-signs-of-autism-earlier.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de trastornos del espectro autista (TEA)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-trastornos-del-espectro-autista-tea/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autism-spectrum-disorder-asd-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indicadores del desarrollo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/milestones/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Otras preguntas frecuentes sobre el autismo" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/masinformacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre los trastornos del espectro autista" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/faq/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/faq/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programas de educación individualizados (IEP por sus siglas en inglés)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética del PTEN" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la detección de los trastornos del espectro autista" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/diagnosis/pruebas-para-la-deteccion-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seis datos clave sobre el trastorno del espectro autista" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/seis-datos-clave-sobre-el-trastorno-del-espectro-autista" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/6-key-facts-about-autism-spectrum-disorder">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas de los trastornos del espectro autista" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/signs-symptoms/signos-y-sintomas-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Asperger" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001549.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001549.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001526.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/autism">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/trastornos-del-espectro-autista" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/autism-spectrum-disorder-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/autism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/autism.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/autism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/autism.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pervasive-develop-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pervasive-develop-disorders.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista en niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/Autism/Paginas/autism-spectrum-disorder.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/Pages/Autism-Spectrum-Disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del espectro autista: Participar en un mundo social" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/trastorno-del-espectro-autista" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/04/autism-spectrum-disorder">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno disociativo de la infancia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001535.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001535.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno generalizado del desarrollo, no especificado de otra manera" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/Paginas/Pervasive-Developmental-Disorder-Not-Otherwise-Specified.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del espectro autista" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastornos-del-espectro-autista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/autism-spectrum-disorder">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del espectro autista: Problemas de comunicación en los niños" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/problemas-de-comunicacion-en-los-ninos-con-trastornos-del-espectro-autista" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/autism-spectrum-disorder-communication-problems-children">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos generalizados del desarrollo" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/trastornos-generalizados-del-desarrollo" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pervasive-developmental-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento y servicios de intervención para el trastorno del espectro autista" url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/es/treatment/tratamientos-e-intervenciones-para-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/autism/treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamientos para los niños con trastorno del espectro autista" url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/autism-update/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/autism-update/consumer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas del autismo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas tempranos del autismo?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/Autism/Paginas/Early-Signs-of-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo suelen los niños presentar síntomas del autismo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion/sintomas-aparecen">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el autismo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostica el autismo?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/Autism/Paginas/Diagnosing-Autism.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Existe una conexión entre las vacunas y el autismo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/autism-studies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué causa el autismo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion/causas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos hay para el autismo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/autism/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/autism/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="En el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo las personas sufren pensamientos repetidos y angustiantes y un comportamiento compulsivo, interfiriendo su vida diaria " title="Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html" id="2060" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;afección mental&lt;/a&gt; que consiste en presentar pensamientos (obsesiones) y rituales (compulsiones) una y otra vez. Estos interfieren con su vida, pero no puede controlarlos ni detenerlos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No se conoce la causa del trastorno-obsesivo compulsivo. Factores como la genética, la biología cerebral y la química, junto a su entorno, pueden desempeñar un papel en la afección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo comienza en la adolescencia o cuando se es adulto joven. A menudo, los niños desarrollan TOC a una edad más temprana que las niñas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los factores de riesgo para el TOC incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historia familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con un pariente de primer grado (padre, hermano o hijo) que tiene TOC presentan un mayor riesgo. Esto es especialmente cierto si el familiar desarrolló TOC cuando era niño o adolescente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estructura y funcionamiento del cerebro&lt;/strong&gt;: Los estudios de imágenes demuestran que las personas con TOC tienen diferencias en ciertas partes del cerebro. Los investigadores necesitan hacer más estudios para comprender la conexión entre estas diferencias cerebrales y el TOC&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trauma infantil&lt;/strong&gt; como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html"&gt;abuso infantil&lt;/a&gt;: Algunos estudios han encontrado un vínculo entre el trauma en la infancia y el TOC. Se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor esta relación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, los niños pueden desarrollar algunos síntomas o TOC después de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html"&gt;infección estreptocócica&lt;/a&gt;. Esto se llama trastornos neuropsiquiátricos autoinmunes pediátricos asociados a estreptococo (PANDAS, por su sigla en inglés).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con TOC pueden tener síntomas de obsesiones, compulsiones o ambos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Las &lt;strong&gt;obsesiones&lt;/strong&gt; son pensamientos, impulsos o imágenes mentales que se repiten y causan ansiedad. Pueden involucrar cosas como:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Miedo a los gérmenes o a la contaminación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Miedo a perder o extraviar algo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preocupaciones por perjuicios que le puedan afectar a usted o a otros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamientos prohibidos no deseados que involucran sexo o religión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pensamientos agresivos hacia usted u otros&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Necesitar que algunas cosas estén alineadas en forma exacta o dispuestas de una manera particular y precisa&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;compulsiones&lt;/strong&gt; son comportamientos que usted siente que debe hacer una y otra vez para tratar de reducir su ansiedad o detener los pensamientos obsesivos. Algunas compulsiones comunes incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limpieza y / o lavado de manos excesivo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Verificar repetidamente cosas, como si la puerta está cerrada o el horno apagado&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Contar compulsivamente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ordenar y organizar las cosas de una manera particular y precisa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
  

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con TOC también tienen un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Tourette&lt;/a&gt; u otro trastorno de tics. Los tics son espasmos, movimientos o sonidos repentinos que las personas hacen una y otra vez. Las personas con tics no pueden evitar que su cuerpo los haga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El primer paso es hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre sus síntomas. Es importante verificar si un problema físico está causando sus síntomas. Luego, su proveedor le hará un examen físico y le preguntará sobre su historia clínica. Si sus síntomas no parecen ser causados por un problema físico, su proveedor puede realizarle una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-trastorno-obsesivo-compulsivo-toc/"&gt;prueba de TOC&lt;/a&gt; o derivarlo a un especialista en salud mental para una evaluación o tratamiento adicional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A veces, el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Sus síntomas son parecidos a otras afecciones mentales, como los trastornos de ansiedad. También es posible tener TOC y otro trastorno mental al mismo tiempo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No todos los que tienen obsesiones o compulsiones tienen TOC. En general, sus síntomas se consideran TOC cuando usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No puede controlar sus pensamientos o comportamientos, incluso cuando sabe que son excesivos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Dedica al menos 1 hora al día a estos pensamientos o comportamientos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No disfruta al presentar estas conductas, pero hacerlas puede aliviarle brevemente de la ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tiene problemas importantes en su vida diaria debido a estos pensamientos o comportamientos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los principales tratamientos para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo son la terapia cognitivo-conductual, los medicamentos o ambos:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC)&lt;/strong&gt; es un tipo de psicoterapia. Enseña diferentes formas de pensar, comportarse y reaccionar ante sus obsesiones y compulsiones
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La terapia de exposición con prevención de respuesta&lt;/strong&gt; implica exponerle gradualmente a sus miedos u obsesiones. Aprende formas saludables de lidiar con la ansiedad que causan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los &lt;strong&gt;medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt; para el TOC incluyen ciertos tipos de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;. Si no funcionan para usted, su proveedor puede sugerirle que tome otro tipo de medicina psiquiátrica
&lt;/li&gt;
  
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene TOC grave que no mejora con estos tratamientos, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle un tratamiento llamado estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr). Es un procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que utiliza ondas magnéticas. Puede apuntar a áreas cerebrales específicas relacionadas con el TOC.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html" id="471" language="English">Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Obsesivo-compulsivo, Trastorno</see-reference>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se entrometen pensamientos no deseados: Comprensión del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuando-se-entrometen-pensamientos-no-deseados" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/11/when-unwanted-thoughts-intrude">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-trastorno-obsesivo-compulsivo-toc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de acumulación compulsiva" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hoarding-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356056?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de personalidad obsesivo-compulsiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000942.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ocd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ocd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ocd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ocd.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ocd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ocd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000929.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000929.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastorno-obsesivo-compulsivo-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/spanish/ocd.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/ocd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo: Cuando los pensamientos no deseados o comportamientos repetitivos toman control" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-obsesivo-compulsivo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-when-unwanted-thoughts-or-repetitive-behaviors-take-over">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos pediátricos neuropsiquiátricos autoinmunitarios asociados con infecciones estreptocócicas (PANDAS): Preguntas y respuestas" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/pandas-preguntas-y-respuestas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/pandas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Conoce a alguien que sea un problema con la bebida? El trastorno por consumo de alcohol puede causar graves problemas de salud. Entérese sobre cómo dejar la bebida." title="Trastorno por consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="1733" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Abuso de alcohol</also-called>
<also-called>Alcoholismo </also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno por consumo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de los adultos, el consumo moderado de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; probablemente no es peligroso.  Sin embargo, cerca de 18 millones de adultos en Estados Unidos tienen trastorno por el consumo de alcohol. Esto quiere decir que sus hábitos de consumo causan angustia y daños. Este trastorno puede ser de leve a severo, dependiendo de los síntomas. En ocasiones, el tipo severo es llamado alcoholismo o dependencia del alcohol. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trastorno por consumo de alcohol es una enfermedad que causa:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Ansia: Una fuerte necesidad de beber &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Pérdida de control: Incapacidad para dejar de beber una vez que se comenzó&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estado emocional negativo: Sentirse ansioso e irritable cuando no se está bebiendo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los atracones de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un atracón de alcohol consiste en beber tanto de una vez que el nivel de concentración de alcohol en la sangre es de 0.08% o más. Para un hombre, generalmente ocurre después de tomar 5 o más bebidas en unas pocas horas, mientras que para una mujer es después de unas 4 o más bebidas en pocas horas. No todos los que se dan atracones tienen trastorno por consumo de alcohol, pero tienen un mayor riesgo de presentarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los peligros de consumir demasiado alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Beber demasiado alcohol es peligroso. Tomar en exceso puede aumentar el riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer. Puede conducir a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del hígado&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html"&gt;hígado graso&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html"&gt;cirrosis&lt;/a&gt;. También puede causar daño al cerebro y otros órganos. Beber durante el embarazo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;puede dañar a su bebé&lt;/a&gt;. El alcohol también aumenta el riesgo de muerte por accidentes automovilísticos, lesiones, homicidios y suicidios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo sé si tengo un trastorno por consumo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usted puede tener un trastorno por consumo de alcohol si contesta afirmativamente a dos o más de las siguientes preguntas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En el último año, usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Terminó bebiendo más o por más tiempo más de lo que había planeado?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Quiso reducir o dejar de beber, o trató de hacerlo y no pudo?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Pasó mucho tiempo bebiendo, o recuperándose de beber mucho?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Tuvo una fuerte necesidad de beber?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Encontró que beber, o sentirse mal por beber, a menudo interfirió con su vida familiar, trabajo o escuela?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Siguió bebiendo a pesar de que estaba causándole problemas con su familia o amigos?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Dejó o disminuyó actividades que disfrutaba para beber?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Se puso en situaciones peligrosas mientras bebía o después de beber? Algunos ejemplos son conducir borracho y tener relaciones sexuales de alto riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Siguió bebiendo aunque le hiciera sentir deprimido o ansioso? ¿O cuando agravaba otro problema de salud?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Debió beber más y más para sentir los efectos del alcohol?&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;¿Tuvo síntomas de abstinencia cuando se le estaba pasando el efecto del alcohol? Los síntomas incluyen problemas para dormir, temblores, irritabilidad, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;, inquietud, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;náuseas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html"&gt;sudores&lt;/a&gt;. En casos severos, usted podría tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;convulsiones&lt;/a&gt; o alucinaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene alguno de estos síntomas, su consumo de alcohol ya puede ser motivo de preocupación. Cuantos más síntomas tenga, más grave es el problema.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo hacer si creo que podría tener un trastorno por consumo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si cree que puede tener un trastorno por consumo de alcohol, consulte a su profesional de la salud para una evaluación. Su proveedor puede ayudarle a hacer un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html"&gt;plan de tratamiento&lt;/a&gt;, recetar medicamentos y, si es necesario, darle referencias de tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="120" language="English">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAAA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html" id="1732">Alcohol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" id="1731">Alcohol y menores de edad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html" id="1824">Cirrosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901">Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso de alcohol</see-reference>
<see-reference>Alcoholismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Emborracharse</see-reference>
<site title="Abandono del tabaquismo en alcohólicos en recuperación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-abandonar-el-habito-de-fumar-en-el-caso-de-personas-alcoholicas-en-recuperacion/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/smoking-cessation-in-recovering-alcoholics/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abstinencia alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000764.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso del alcohol" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/abuso-del-alcohol-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/alcohol-abuse/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudando a sanarse a sí misma: Mujeres en recuperación del abuso infantil" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4133.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma12-4132.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a un ser querido que tiene problemas con la bebida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000815.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000815.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beriberi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cetoacidosis alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000323.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000323.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprensión del trastorno por consumo de alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/comprension-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-alcohol-use-disorder">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para reducir el alcohol cuando esté consumiendo demasiado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000503.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000503.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo apoyar a sus seres queridos con trastornos por consumo de alcohol" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-apoyar-a-sus-seres-queridos-con-trastornos-por-consumo-de-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/tips-for-supporting-loved-ones-with-alcohol-use-disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Datos factuales sobre el envejecimiento y el alcohol" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/alcohol/datos-factuales-sobre-envejecimiento-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alcohol-misuse-or-alcohol-use-disorder/facts-about-aging-and-alcohol">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Datos y estadísticas sobre el alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/datos-y-estadisticas-sobre-el-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Decidirse a abandonar el alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definición de niveles y patrones de consumo de alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/definicion-de-niveles-y-patrones-de-consumo-de-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/moderate-binge-drinking">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delirium tremens" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000766.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000766.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieta y recuperación de la drogadicción" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002149.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002149.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos del consumo de alcohol en el cuerpo" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/los-efectos-del-consumo-de-alcohol-en-el-cuerpo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohols-effects-body">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad hepática alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000281.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000281.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfrentar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol y las ideas falsas sobre las mujeres" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/enfrentar-el-trastorno-por-consumo-de-alcohol-y-las-ideas-falsas-sobre-las-mujeres" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/confronting-alcohol-use-disorder-and-misconceptions-as-a-woman">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-consumo-de-alcohol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alcohol-use-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de cetonas en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003498.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hablar con su hijo adolescente respecto al consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hijos de alcohólicos" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Hijos-de-Alcoholicos-017.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-Of-Alcoholics-017.aspx">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación con etanol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002644.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002644.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoxicación por alcohol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lagunas mentales relacionadas con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/lagunas-mentales-relacionadas-con-el-consumo-de-bebidas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2024/02/alcohol-related-blackouts">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mitos sobre el consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000856.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000714.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000714.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelagra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000342.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de alcohol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alcohol-en-la-sangre/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-alcohol-level/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de gamma-glutamil transferasa (GGT)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gamma-glutamil-transferasa-ggt/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gamma-glutamyl-transferase-ggt-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer cuando un padre o una madre tiene problemas con el alcohol o las drogas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/coping-alcoholic.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/coping-alcoholic.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riesgos del consumo de alcohol para la salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000494.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de abstinencia del alcohol" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sindrome-de-abstinencia-del-alcohol/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/alcohol-withdrawal-syndrome/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de desmielización osmótica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000775.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000771.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000771.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar medicamentos de manera segura después de la recuperación del abuso de alcohol o drogas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medicacion-segura-despues-del-abuso-de-alcohol-o-drogas/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/taking-medicines-safely-after-alcohol-or-drug-abuse-recovery/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno por consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000944.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000944.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno por consumo de alcohol: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369250?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos por uso de sustancias: Obtenga información y busque apoyo" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/trastornos-por-uso-de-sustancias-obtenga-informacion-y-busque-apoyo" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/substance-use-disorders-get-the-facts-and-find-support">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Una mejor forma de decirlo: El lenguaje estigmatizante afecta la forma de tratar la adicción" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/una-mejor-forma-de-decirlo-el-lenguaje-estigmatizante-afecta-la-forma-de-tratar-la-adiccion" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-better-way-to-say-that-stigmatizing-language-affects-how-we-treat-addiction">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuánto alcohol es demasiado?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuanto-alcohol-es-demasiado" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/10/how-many-too-many">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una bebida estándar?" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/que-es-una-bebida-estandar" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/what-standard-drink">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos cerebrales genéticos afectan el desarrollo y funcionamiento del cerebro. Causas, síntomas, tratamiento.   " title="Trastornos cerebrales genéticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3118" language="Spanish" date-created="10/16/2003">
<also-called>Trastornos hereditarios del cerebro</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos genéticos del cerebro son causados por una variación o mutación en un gen. Una variación o alteración es una forma diferente de un gen. Una mutación es un cambio en el gen mismo. Los trastornos cerebrales genéticos afectan el desarrollo y funcionamiento del cerebro.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos trastornos cerebrales genéticos se deben a las mutaciones genéticas casuales o mutaciones causadas por exposición ambiental, como lo es el humo del cigarrillo. Otras enfermedades son hereditarias, lo que significa que un gen mutante o un grupo de genes mutantes se transmite entre familiares. También existen trastornos causados por una combinación de cambios en los genes y otros factores externos. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Algunos ejemplos de los trastornos cerebrales genéticos son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukodystrophies.html"&gt;Leucodistrofias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html"&gt;Fenilcetonuria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Wilson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchas personas con trastornos cerebrales genéticos no pueden producir suficiente cantidad de ciertas proteínas que influyen en el desarrollo y el funcionamiento del cerebro. Estos trastornos pueden causar problemas serios que afectan el sistema nervioso. Algunos de estos trastornos cuentan con tratamientos para controlar los síntomas. Algunos otros, ponen en peligro la vida. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3117" language="English">Genetic Brain Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html" id="2738">Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html" id="2272">Enfermedad de Wilson</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5920">Enfermedades del cerebelo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html" id="1921">Enfermedades genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html" id="2087">Fenilcetonuria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukodystrophies.html" id="2282">Leucodistrofias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" id="1922">Pruebas genéticas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277">Trastornos metabólicos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cerebral genético, Trastorno</see-reference>
<see-reference>Galactosemia</see-reference>
<site title="Agenesia del cuerpo calloso" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11869/agenesia-del-cuerpo-calloso/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Agenesia del cuerpo calloso" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/agenesia-del-cuerpo-calloso" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/agenesis-corpus-callosum">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración cerebelosa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/degeneracion-cerebelosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebellar-degeneration">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Batten" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-batten" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/batten-disease-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Fabry" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-fabry" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/fabry-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000373.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/msud.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/msud.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Menkes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001160.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001160.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-niemann-pick" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/niemann-pick-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001207.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del recién nacido: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12418/galactosemia/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000366.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lipofuscinosis neuronal ceroidea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001613.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001613.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Leigh" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12945/sindrome-de-leigh/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Lesch-Nyhan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001655.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un genetista pediátrico?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-pediatric-geneticist.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/What-is-a-Pediatric-Geneticist.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos del crecimiento afectan el desarrollo normal de la estatura, peso o madurez sexual de los niños. Causas, síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Trastornos de crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/growthdisorders.html" id="1926" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;¿Su hijo parece mucho más bajo o mucho más alto que los otros niños de su edad? Eso puede ser normal. Algunos niños pueden parecer pequeños para su edad pero, en realidad, se están desarrollando normalmente. Otros son bajos o altos porque sus padres lo son.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero otros pueden tener un problema de crecimiento. Estos son trastornos que hacen que los niños no tengan una estatura, peso o madurez sexual normales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas veces, el crecimiento muy rápido o muy lento puede indicar una enfermedad o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html"&gt;problema glandular&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La glándula pituitaria produce la hormona del crecimiento que estimula el crecimiento de los huesos y otros tejidos. Los niños que tienen una deficiencia de esta hormona, o sea que no producen suficiente, pueden tener muy baja estatura. El tratamiento con hormonas específicas puede estimular el crecimiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero las personas también pueden tener un exceso de esta hormona, o sea que producen demasiado. Por lo general, la causa es un tumor en la glándula pituitaria, que no es un cáncer. El exceso de la hormona de crecimiento puede causar gigantismo en los niños, en cuyo caso los huesos y el cuerpo crecen demasiado. En los adultos, puede causar acromegalia, que hace que las manos, los pies y la cara sean más grandes de lo normal. Los tratamientos posibles incluyen cirugía para extirpar el tumor, medicinas y radioterapia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/growthdisorders.html" id="265" language="English">Growth Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dwarfism.html" id="1871">Enanismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html" id="2091">Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html" id="1885">Enfermedades del sistema endocrino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html" id="1961">Hormonas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html" id="2208">Síndrome de Turner</related-topic>
<see-reference>Crecimiento, Trastorno del</see-reference>
<site title="2 a 20 años: Niñas percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l030.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c022.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="2 a 20 años: Niños percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l021.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c021.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acromegalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000321.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000321.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando un niño es de estatura inusualmente baja" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/Glands-Growth-Disorders/Paginas/when-a-child-is-unusually-short.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Curva de crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001910.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de la hormona de crecimiento" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/multilingual-resource-library/deficiencia-de-la-hormona-de-crecimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/growth-hormone-deficiency">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Endocrinología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de la hormona del crecimiento en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001176.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001176.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Déficit aislado de hormona de crecimiento" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12593/deficit-aislado-de-hormona-de-crecimiento/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estatura baja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003271.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003271.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estoy creciendo: Pero, ¿soy normal?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/growing-up-normal.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen para la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003706.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003706.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gigantismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001174.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001174.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gráficas de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/growth-charts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-charts.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemihipertrofia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12269/hemihipertrofia/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hormona del crecimiento humana: ¿Hace más lento el envejecimiento?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/growth-hormone/art-20045735?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf97/co06l028.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niñas: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l018.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de circunferencia de la cabeza por edad y peso por estatura" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l019.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nacimiento a 36 meses: Niños: Percentiles de estatura por edad y peso por edad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/Spanishpdf95/co06l017.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/growth-hormone.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/growth-hormone.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de estimulación de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003377.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003377.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de IGF-1 (factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina 1)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de inhibición de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003376.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía: Estudio de la edad ósea" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso de la pubertad" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/delayed-puberty.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/delayed-puberty.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del crecimiento" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso del desarrollo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retraso en el crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003021.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003021.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sentirse demasiado alto o demasiado bajo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/my-height.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12270/sindrome-de-beckwith-wiedemann/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001186.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001186.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11861/sindrome-de-mccune-albright/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/noonan-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/noonan-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Noonan" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11856/sindrome-de-noonan/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Russell-Silver" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001209.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001209.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tu sistema endocrino" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/endocrine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/endocrine.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos de la alimentación son problemas serios. Puede ser que la persona coma en exceso o que no coma lo suficiente. Anorexia, bulimia. " title="Trastornos de la alimentación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html" id="1877" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Desórdenes de la alimentación</also-called>
<also-called>Trastornos alimentarios</also-called>
<also-called>Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos alimentarios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos alimentarios son afecciones graves de salud mental. Implican problemas serios sobre cómo se piensa sobre la comida y la conducta alimenticia. Se puede comer mucho menos o mucho más de lo necesario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos alimentarios son afecciones médicas. No son un estilo de vida. Afectan la capacidad del cuerpo para obtener una nutrición adecuada. Esto puede provocar problemas de salud como enfermedades &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renales&lt;/a&gt;, o incluso la muerte. Sin embargo, hay tratamientos que pueden ayudar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos alimentarios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tipos comunes de trastornos alimentarios incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Atracones de comida&lt;/strong&gt;: Es decir, comer sin control. Las personas con trastorno por atracón siguen comiendo incluso después de estar llenas. A menudo, comen hasta que se sienten muy incómodos. En general, después tienen sentimientos de culpa, vergüenza y angustia. Darse atracones de comida con demasiada frecuencia puede causar aumento de peso y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;. El trastorno por atracón es el trastorno alimentario más común en los Estados Unidos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulimia nerviosa&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con bulimia nerviosa también tienen períodos de atracones. Pero luego se purgan provocándose vómitos o usando laxantes. También pueden hacer ejercicio en exceso o pueden ayunar. Las persnas con bulimia nerviosa pueden tener poco peso, peso normal o sobrepeso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anorexia nerviosa&lt;/strong&gt;: Las personas con anorexia nerviosa evitan los alimentos, restringen severamente los alimentos o comen cantidades muy pequeñas de solo algunos alimentos. Pueden verse a sí mismas con sobrepeso, incluso cuando están peligrosamente delgadas. La anorexia nerviosa es el menos común de los tres trastornos alimenticios, pero a menudo es el más grave. Tiene la tasa de mortalidad más alta de cualquier trastorno mental&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
	

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa los trastornos alimentarios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se desconoce la causa exacta de los trastornos alimentarios. Los investigadores creen que estas afecciones son causadas por una interacción compleja de factores, incluyendo genéticos, biológicos, conductuales, psicológicos y sociales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de trastornos alimentarios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cualquiera puede desarrollar un trastorno alimentarios, pero son más comunes en mujeres. Estos trastornos aparecen con frecuencia durante la adolescencia o la edad adulta, pero también se pueden desarrollar durante la infancia o más adelante en la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos alimentarios?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los trastornos alimentarios varían, dependiendo del trastorno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los &lt;strong&gt;atracones de comida&lt;/strong&gt; incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer cantidades inusualmente grandes de alimentos en un período de tiempo específico, como un período de 2 horas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer incluso cuando está lleno o no tiene hambre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer rápido durante los episodios de atracones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comer hasta que esté incómodamente lleno&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer solo o en secreto para evitar la vergüenza&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sentirse angustiado, avergonzado o culpable por su alimentación&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Hacer dieta con frecuencia, posiblemente sin pérdida de peso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la &lt;strong&gt;bulimia nerviosa&lt;/strong&gt; incluyen los mismos síntomas que los atracones, además de tratar de deshacerse de la comida o el peso después de atracones.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Purga al vomitar o usar laxantes o enemas para acelerar el tránsito de los alimentos por el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Hacer ejercicio intensivo y excesivo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ayuno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, la bulimia nerviosa puede causar problemas de salud como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Inflamación y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt; crónico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Glándulas salivales inflamadas en el área del cuello y la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Esmalte dental desgastado y dientes cada vez más sensibles y con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html"&gt;caries&lt;/a&gt;: Causado por la exposición al ácido del estómago cada vez que vomita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html"&gt;ERGE &lt;/a&gt;(enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico) y otros problemas gastrointestinales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Deshidratación severa por la purga&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"&gt;Desequilibrio electrolítico&lt;/a&gt;: Puede ser por niveles demasiado bajos o demasiado altos de sodio, calcio, potasio y otros minerales, lo que puede provocar un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt; o un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataque al corazón&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la &lt;strong&gt;anorexia nerviosa&lt;/strong&gt; incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer muy poco, hasta el extremo de morir de hambre&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Ejercicio intensivo y excesivo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Delgadez extrema&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Miedo intenso a aumentar de peso&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Imagen corporal distorsionada: Verse con sobrepeso incluso cuando tiene un peso extremadamente bajo&lt;/li&gt;
 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo, la anorexia nerviosa puede causar problemas de salud como:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Baja densidad ósea (osteopenia u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;Anemia&lt;/a&gt; leve&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Pérdida muscular y debilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cabello y uñas finas y quebradizas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Piel seca, manchada o amarillenta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Crecimiento de vello fino en todo el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estreñimiento severo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;Presión arterial baja&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Respiración y pulso lento&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Sensación de frío todo el tiempo debido a una baja en la temperatura interna del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse débil o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareado&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse cansado todo el tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infertilidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daño a la estructura y función del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Daño cerebral&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Falla multiorgánica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La anorexia nerviosa puede ser fatal. Algunas personas con este trastorno mueren de complicaciones por inanición, y otras mueren por &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidio&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con trastornos alimentarios también pueden tener otras &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades mentales&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, o problemas con el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;uso de drogas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos alimentarios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debido a que los trastornos alimentarios pueden ser muy graves, es importante buscar ayuda si usted o un ser querido piensa que podría tener este problema. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas: Es importante ser honesto sobre sus comportamientos alimenticios y de actividad física para que su proveedor pueda ayudarle&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Análisis de sangre u orina para descartar otras posibles causas de sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Otras pruebas para ver si tiene algún otro problema de salud causado por el trastorno alimentario. Estos pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html"&gt;pruebas de función renal&lt;/a&gt; y un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/"&gt;electrocardiograma&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos alimentarios?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los planes de tratamiento para los trastornos alimentarios se adaptan a las necesidades de cada persona. Es probable que tenga un equipo de proveedores que lo ayude, incluyendo médicos, nutricionistas, enfermeras y terapeutas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Psicoterapia individual, grupal y / o familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: La terapia individual puede incluir enfoques cognitivos conductuales que le ayuden a identificar y cambiar los pensamientos negativos e inútiles. También ayuda a desarrollar habilidades de afrontamiento y cambiar patrones de comportamiento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atención médica y monitoreo&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluida la atención de las complicaciones que pueden causar los trastornos alimentarios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asesoramiento nutricional&lt;/strong&gt;: Los médicos, enfermeras y consejeros le ayudarán a comer de manera saludable para alcanzar y mantener un peso sano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;, antipsicóticos o estabilizadores del estado de ánimo pueden ayudar a tratar algunos trastornos alimentarios. También pueden ayudar con los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad que a menudo acompañan a estos trastornos &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con trastornos alimentarios graves pueden necesitar estar en un hospital o en un programa de tratamiento residencial. Los programas de tratamiento residencial combinan servicios de vivienda y tratamiento.




&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos alimenticios: información general" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/desordenes-de-la-alimentacion/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
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<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la alimentación: Un problema que va más allá de la comida" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-trastornos-de-la-alimentacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/eat-disorder.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/eat-disorder.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/eating-disorders.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eating-disorders.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para los trastornos alimentarios" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Paginas/Treating-Eating-Disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para un trastorno de la alimentación: Infórmate sobre tus opciones" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/ART-20046234?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Corre riesgo su adolescente de desarrollar un trastorno alimentario?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Paginas/Is-Your-Teen-at-Risk-for-Developing-an-Eating-Disorder.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La articulación temporomandibular conecta la mandíbula con la parte lateral de la cabeza. La disfunción puede  causar dolor o rigidez, entre otros síntomas" title="Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html" id="2190" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular son más de 30 afecciones que aquejan las articulaciones temporomandibulares. Usted tiene dos articulaciones temporomandibulares en su mandíbula. Éstas conectan su mandíbula con su cráneo.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular pueden causar problemas en las articulaciones de su mandíbula y en los músculos que controlan el movimiento de la mandíbula. Estos problemas incluyen dolor, rigidez y problemas para masticar.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres tipos de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos en las articulaciones de su mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trastornos en los músculos que utiliza para masticar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolores de cabeza&lt;/a&gt; por causa de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muchos de estos trastornos tienen una duración corta y se solucionan por sí mismos. Sin embargo, en algunos casos pueden volverse crónicos (de larga duración).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A veces una lesión en la mandíbula o la articulación temporomandibular puede causar trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular. Sin embargo, en muchos casos, se desconoce la causa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las investigaciones sugieren que ciertos factores pueden jugar un papel en el comienzo de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular y si éstos serán de larga duración:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genética&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Estrés psicológico y de la vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cómo percibe el dolor una persona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidad de desarrollar un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede desarrollar un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular, no obstante, es más común en mujeres entre 35 y 44 años.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor en los músculos que utiliza para masticar o en la articulación de la mandíbula es el síntoma más común&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor que se extiende hacia la cara o el cuello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rigidez en la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Movimiento limitado o bloqueo de la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chasquido doloroso de la articulación de la mandíbula cuando abre o cierra la boca. No obstante, chasquidos sin dolor es común y &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; es un signo de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html"&gt;Tinnitus&lt;/a&gt; (zumbido en los oídos), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;pérdida de la audición&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;mareos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un cambio en la forma en que los dientes superiores e inferiores encajan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay un examen estándar para diagnosticar los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular y otras afecciones que pueden causar síntomas similares. Esto puede que dificulte el diagnóstico de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para saber si tiene un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular, su profesional de la salud o dentista:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toma un historial médico detallado, el cual incluye preguntarle sobre sus síntomas cómo:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Dónde siente el dolor &lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Cuándo tiene el dolor&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Qué lo mejora o lo empeora&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Si se limita a un área o se extiende a otras partes de su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Si tiene cualquier otro dolor como dolor de cabeza o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html"&gt;espalda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Examina su cabeza, cuello, rostro y mandíbula para saber si hay:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Sensibilidad&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Chasquido de la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Problemas para mover su mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede pedir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;estudios con imágenes&lt;/a&gt; como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografía&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"&gt;resonancia magnética&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html"&gt;tomografía computarizada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para muchas personas, los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular son temporales. Para ayudarlo a sentirse mejor, su profesional de la salud o dentista puede sugerirle que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coma alimentos suaves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aplique calor o frío al rostro y haga algunos ejercicios para estirar suavemente y fortalecer los músculos de su mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tome &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; como medicamentos antiinflamatorios como ibuprofeno&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Deje de apretar la mandíbula, masticar chicle y morderse las uñas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si eso no funciona, su profesional de la salud o dentista puede sugerirle otros tratamientos como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia física&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfoques de autocuidado y salud conductual:&lt;/strong&gt;, which can include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC):&lt;/strong&gt; un tipo de psicoterapia. Puede ayudarlo a identificar los pensamientos negativos y cambiarlos. También puede enseñarle habilidades de afrontamiento&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bioretroalimentación:&lt;/strong&gt; el cual involucra el uso de dispositivos electrónicos para enseñarle a controlar ciertas funciones de su cuerpo como latidos cardíacos, presión arterial y tensión muscular. Por ejemplo, puede detectar cuando aprieta los músculos de su mandíbula. Usted puede aprender cómo reconocer cuando pasa esto y relajar sus músculos&lt;/li&gt;	
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicinas&lt;/strong&gt; como:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Medicamento para la ansiedad&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepresivos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos anticonvulsivos&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos para el dolor con receta médica&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un aparato intraoral:&lt;/strong&gt; el cual es un aparato que se coloca sobre sus dientes. Algunos tipos de aparatos intraorales incluyen férulas y protectores orales. Si utiliza uno de estos aparatos, es importante: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Saber que no hay mucha evidencia de que puedan mejorar el dolor de un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular&lt;/li&gt; 
		&lt;li&gt;Asegurarse de que el aparato que tenga no esté diseñado para cambiar permanentemente la forma en que usted muerde&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Avisar a su profesional de la salud o dentista si el aparato empeora su dolor&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html"&gt;Tratamientos complementarios&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; los cuales son tratamientos que se utilizan junto con su cuidado médico. Hay poca evidencia que muestre que ayuden con los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular. No obstante, algunos profesionales de la salud y dentistas pueden recomendar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html"&gt;acupuntura&lt;/a&gt; y estimulación eléctrica transcutánea (TENS por sus siglas en inglés). Esto involucra utilizar un dispositivo que envía corriente eléctrica suave a sus nervios o músculos. También puede ayudar a tratar el dolor al interrumpir o bloquear las señales del dolor.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si aún tiene síntomas severos de un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular, su profesional de la salud o dentista pueden sugerir una cirugía, incluyendo cirugía de implantes u otros procedimientos.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Es importante ser cuidadoso, ya que a veces la cirugía u otro procedimiento puede no funcionar y empeorar sus síntomas. Antes de cualquier cirugía u otro procedimiento, es muy importante tener la Segunda opinión de otro profesional de la salud, además de entender bien los riesgos. Si es posible, obtenga la opinión de un cirujano que se especialice en el tratamiento de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/temporomandibulardisorders.html" id="1235" language="English">Temporomandibular Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<see-reference>ATM</see-reference>
<see-reference>Articulación temporomandibular, Trastorno</see-reference>
<see-reference>Disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular</see-reference>
<site title="Al tratar los trastornos de las articulaciones y los músculos temporomandibulares, a menudo hacer menos es lo mejor" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2022-07/Al-tratar-los-trastornos-temporomandibulares.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2022-06/TMD-Less-Is-Often-Best.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ATM normal en movimiento" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eAK5f3D6-A" language-mapped-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0N88Zd-Rykg">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bruxismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001413.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cabeza (síndrome de dolor miofacial)" url="https://headaches.org/cabeza/" language-mapped-url="https://headaches.org/tmj-and-mpd/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea</organization>
</site>
<site title="Más que dolor de mandíbula: Controlar los problemas de la ATM" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mas-que-dolor-de-mandibula" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/09/more-jaw-pain">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oclusión dental defectuosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001058.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los dientes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-dientes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/tooth-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de articulación temporomandibular" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tmj/symptoms-causes/syc-20350941?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tmj/symptoms-causes/syc-20350941?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de articulación temporomandibular: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tmj/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350945?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001227.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001227.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos temporomandibulares" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/los-trastornos-temporomandibulares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tmd">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos temporomandibulares (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tmj.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tmj.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos de la conducta del niño abarcan un patrón de comportamiento hostil, agresivo o perturbador que no es apropiado para su edad. Síntomas aquí." title="Trastornos de la conducta del niño" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="1809" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas de comportamiento del niño</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Todos los niños se comportan mal algunas veces. Y otros niños pueden tener problemas de comportamiento temporales debido al estrés. Por ejemplo, el nacimiento de un hermanito, divorcio o la muerte de un miembro de la familia puede hacer que el niño se comporte mal. Pero los trastornos de la conducta son más serios. Abarcan un patrón de conductas hostil, agresivo o perturbador que dura más de seis meses y que no es apropiado para la edad del niño. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los signos de advertencia pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dañar o amenazar a otras personas, mascotas o a sí mismos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dañar o destruir las pertenencias ajenas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Mentir o robar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	No tener buen rendimiento escolar, faltar a la escuela  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Comenzar a fumar, beber o consumir drogas prematuramente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Actividad sexual prematura &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Rabietas y discusiones frecuentes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hostilidad constante hacia las figuras de autoridad &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si observa alguno de estos problemas, pida ayuda. Las malas elecciones pueden volverse un hábito. Los niños con problemas de conducta tienen más riesgo de fracasar en la escuela, tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html"&gt;problemas mentales&lt;/a&gt; y hasta &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html"&gt;suicidarse&lt;/a&gt;. Las clases o la terapia de familia pueden ayudar a los padres a aprender a establecer y hacer cumplir los límites. La psicoterapia y terapia del comportamiento para su hijo también pueden ayudar. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="184" language="English">Child Behavior Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html" id="6092">Autolesión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendevelopment.html" id="2185">Desarrollo del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html" id="1812">Desarrollo del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638">Salud mental del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" id="3163">Salud mental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" id="1762">Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Conducta</see-reference>
<see-reference>Conducta del niño, Trastorno de la</see-reference>
<site title="10 consejos para corregir la conducta agresiva en los niños pequeños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/toddler/paginas/aggressive-behavior.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/toddler/pages/Aggressive-Behavior.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amenazas de los niños ¿Cuándo hay que tomarlas en serio?" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Las-Amenazas-de-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Cuando-Hay-Que-Tomarlas-en-Serio-065.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Childrens-Threats-When-Are-They-Serious-065.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comportamiento normal de un niño" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/normal-child-behavior.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/pages/Normal-Child-Behavior.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprendiendo el comportamiento violento de niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Comprendiendo-el-Comportamiento-Violento-de-Ninos-y-Adolescentes-055.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Understanding-Violent-Behavior-In-Children-and-Adolescents-055.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cortes y autolesiones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/cutting.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cutting.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando un niño pelea o muerde" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Cuando-un-Nino-Pelea-o-Muerde-081.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Fighting-And-Biting-081.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo entender el comportamiento de su hijo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/how-to-understand-your-childs-temperament.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/How-to-Understand-Your-Childs-Temperament.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Decir palabrotas o groserías" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/swearing.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/pages/Swearing.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Desórdenes de la conducta" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Desordenes-de-la-Conducta-033.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Conduct-Disorder-033.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disciplina con los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002211.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ir a terapia" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/going-to-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/going-to-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Llevar a su hijo a un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que puede hacer para cambiar el comportamiento de su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-cambiar-la-conducta-de-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-you-can-do-to-change-your-childs-behavior/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niño desobediente" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/the-disobedient-child.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/The-Disobedient-Child.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños que roban" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ni%C3%B1os-que-Roban-012.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Children_Who_Steal_12.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y el mentir" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-el-Mentir-044.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Children_And_Lying_44.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y la salud mental: ¿Es solo una etapa?" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-ninos-y-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/children-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de comportamiento o conducta" url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/spanish/behavior.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/behavior.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la psicoterapia para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabietas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tantrums.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tantrums.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rabietas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001922.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepa cuándo buscar ayuda para su hijo/hija" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Sepa-Cuando-Buscar-Ayuda-para-su-Hijo-Hija-024.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/When-To-Seek-Help-For-Your-Child-024.aspx">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sepa dónde conseguir ayuda para su niño/niña" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Sepa-Donde-Conseguir-Ayuda-Para-Su-Nino-Nina-025.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Timidez en los niños" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/gradeschool/paginas/shyness-in-children.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/Shyness-in-Children.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de conducta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000919.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000919.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de oposición desafiante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001537.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de comportamiento agresivo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/paginas/disruptive-behavior-disorders.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Disruptive-Behavior-Disorders.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricotilomanía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001517.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001517.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un pediatra del desarrollo conductual?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué opinan del castigo?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/paginas/what-about-punishment.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/Pages/What-About-Punishment.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La lengua sirve para hablar, para saborear, masticar y tragar la comida. Dolor, hinchazón y problemas del gusto son algunos trastornos de la lengua." title="Trastornos de la lengua" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonguedisorders.html" id="5267" language="Spanish" date-created="11/24/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La lengua ayuda a saborear la comida, a tragar y a masticar. También se usa para hablar. Está compuesta de varios músculos. La superficie contiene las papilas gustativas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de la lengua incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Hinchazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios de color o de textura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Movimientos anormales o dificultad para moverla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Trastornos del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html"&gt;gusto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estos problemas pueden ser causados por varias razones. El tratamiento dependerá de éstas razones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tonguedisorders.html" id="5266" language="English">Tongue Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html" id="2062">Cáncer oral</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="2184">Trastornos del gusto y del olfato</related-topic>
<see-reference>Lengua, Trastornos de la</see-reference>
<site title="Anquiloglosia (corte anormal del frenillo de la lengua)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001640.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia lingual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003849.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003849.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glositis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001053.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosodinia (síndrome de boca ardiente)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-ardor-en-la-boca-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/burning-mouth-syndrome.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lengua (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/tongue.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/tongue.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lengua amarilla" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/yellow-tongue/basics/definition/sym-20050595?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/yellow-tongue/basics/definition/SYM-20050595?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lengua anclada (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tongue-tie.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tongue-tie.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lengua fisurada" url="https://www.aaom.com/assets/condition-information/spanishfissuredtongue.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaom.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=130:fissured-tongue&amp;amp;catid=22:patient-condition-information&amp;amp;Itemid=120">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Medicina Oral</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lengua geográfica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001049.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001049.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lengua vellosa negra" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20356077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20356077?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones en la lengua" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/trastornos-de-los-labios-y-la-lengua/lesiones-en-la-lengua">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucoplasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001046.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001046.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Macroglosia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002250.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas linguales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003047.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003047.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la saliva?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/spit.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/spit.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas con trastornos de la personalidad tienen dificultades para enfrentar el estrés y problemas cotidianos. Tipos de estos trastornos, síntomas." title="Trastornos de la personalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html" id="4118" language="Spanish" date-created="12/14/2009">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la personalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La personalidad es su propia forma de pensar, sentir, comportarse 
y relacionarse con los demás. Una vez que llega a la edad adulta, en 
general su personalidad no cambia mucho.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos de personalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de personalidad son un grupo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;enfermedades mentales&lt;/a&gt;. Implican patrones a largo plazo de pensamientos y 
comportamientos que son diferentes de lo que se considera normal en 
su cultura. Los pensamientos y comportamientos son poco saludables 
e inflexibles. Causan serios problemas con las relaciones, el trabajo y 
las actividades sociales. Pueden hacer que sea difícil lidiar con el 
estrés y los problemas diarios.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de personalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay 10 tipos de trastornos de personalidad. Se agrupan en 3 
categorías diferentes llamados grupos. Los tipos en cada grupo tienen 
algunos síntomas y características similares. Los grupos y tipos son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de personalidad del&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;grupo A&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;implican pensamientos 
y comportamientos inusuales y extraños. Incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno de personalidad paranoide&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona 
tiene paranoia (miedo extremo y desconfianza hacia los demás). Puede 
pensar que alguien está tratando de hacerles daño&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona 
prefiere estar sola y no está interesada en relacionarse con los demás&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad&lt;/strong&gt;: La 
persona tiene pensamientos y maneras inusuales de comportarse y 
hablar. Se siente incómoda teniendo relaciones cercanas con los 
demás&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de personalidad del&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;grupo B&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;involucran 
pensamientos y comportamientos dramáticos y emocionales que 
pueden seguir cambiando. Incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno de personalidad antisocial&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona 
tiene un patrón a largo plazo de manipulación, explotación o violación 
de los derechos de los demás&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno límite de la personalidad&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona tiene 
muchos problemas para controlar sus emociones. Esto le hace 
impulsiva e insegura sobre cómo se ve a sí misma. Puede causar 
muchos problemas en sus relaciones&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno histriónico de la personalidad&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona 
es dramática, tiene emociones fuertes y siempre busca la atención de 
los demás&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno de personalidad narcisista&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona 
carece de empatía y quiere ser admirada por los demás. Piensa que es 
mejor que los demás y que merece un trato especial&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de personalidad del&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;grupo C&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;implican pensamientos 
y comportamientos ansiosos y temerosos. Incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno de personalidad por evitación&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona 
es muy tímida y siente que no es tan buena como los demás. A 
menudo evita a las personas porque teme el rechazo&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno de personalidad dependiente&lt;/strong&gt;: La persona 
depende demasiado de los demás y siente que necesita que la cuiden. 
Puede dejar que otros la traten mal porque tiene miedo de perder la 
relación&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de la personalidad&lt;/strong&gt;: La 
persona necesita control y orden. Es perfeccionista y puede ser 
inflexible. Aunque algunos de los síntomas son similares, no es lo 
mismo que el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html"&gt;trastorno obsesivo compulsivo&lt;/a&gt; (TOC)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa los trastornos de personalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los trastornos de personalidad comienzan cuando la 
persona está en la adolescencia o en los primeros años de la edad 
adulta. Se desconoce la causa. Sin embargo, es probable que los 
genes y las experiencias de la infancia, como el abuso y el trauma, 
tengan un papel.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de personalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de cada trastorno de la personalidad son diferentes. 
Pero cada trastorno implica problemas e incertidumbre sobre cómo las 
personas se ven a sí mismas. Los trastornos también causan 
problemas en las relaciones con otras personas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con trastornos de la personalidad pueden tener 
problemas para darse cuenta de que tienen un problema. Para ellos, 
sus pensamientos son normales. Pueden ver a otros como el problema. 
Por ello, es posible que no busquen ayuda cuando la necesitan. O, si 
buscan ayuda, puede ser por otra razón. Es posible que estén 
buscando ayuda debido a otros síntomas de salud mental o problemas 
en sus relaciones y el trabajo. A veces, alguien más, como un miembro 
de la familia o una agencia social, puede pedirles que soliciten ayuda.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de personalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud mental puede diagnosticar trastornos de 
la personalidad. Un profesional de salud mental es un especialista en 
diagnosticar y tratar problemas de salud mental. Para hacer un 
diagnóstico, el proveedor considerará los síntomas, las experiencias y 
la historia médica familiar de la persona. También se puede realizar un 
examen médico completo para ayudar a descartar otras posibles 
causas de los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se tratan los trastornos de personalidad?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La terapia de conversación, también conocida como psicoterapia, 
es el principal tratamiento para los trastornos de la personalidad. Los 
medicamentos pueden ayudar a aliviar ciertos síntomas, como la 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt; o los cambios de humor.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html" id="4117" language="English">Personality Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html" id="2060">Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Paranoia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Personalidad, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué es la psicoterapia para niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Que-es-la-Psicoterapia-de-Ni%C3%B1os-y-Adolescentes-053.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Psychotherapies-For-Children-And-Adolescents-086.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de la personalidad antisocial" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/salud-mental/trastorno-personalidad-antisocial" language-mapped-url="https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health/antisocial-personality-disorder">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de la personalidad dependiente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000941.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de la personalidad por evitación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000940.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000940.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de personalidad antisocial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000921.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de personalidad narcisista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000934.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de personalidad obsesivo-compulsiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000942.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000942.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de personalidad paranoica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000938.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000938.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000920.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000920.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001525.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno histriónico de la personalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001531.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001531.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno límite de la personalidad" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/trastorno-limite-de-la-personalidad" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/borderline-personality-disorder">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno límite de la personalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000935.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000935.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de la personalidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000939.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000939.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La uretra es el tubo por el cual la orina sale del cuerpo. Algunos de los trastornos de la uretra son uretritis, estenosis uretral y cáncer. " title="Trastornos de la uretra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html" id="5353" language="Spanish" date-created="01/08/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La uretra es un tubo que permite a la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html"&gt;orina&lt;/a&gt; salir del cuerpo. En los hombres, la uretra es un tubo largo que corre a lo largo del pene. En las mujeres, la uretra es corta. Las causas de los problemas de la uretra pueden ser envejecimiento, enfermedad o lesión. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cáncer de la uretra: Un tipo raro de cáncer que afecta con más frecuencia a hombres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estenosis uretral: Estrechamiento de la abertura de la uretra&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uretritis: Inflamación de la uretra, a veces causada por una infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas de la uretra pueden causar dolor o dificultad para orinar. Usted también puede presentar sangrado o secreción por la uretra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los doctores diagnostican los problemas uretrales con varios exámenes. Estos incluyen análisis de orina, rayos X y un examen con una sonda especial con una pequeña cámara en su extremo llamado cistoscopia. El tratamiento depende  de la causa del problema. Puede incluir medicinas y, en casos severos, cirugía.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html" id="5352" language="English">Urethral Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777">Enfermedades de la vejiga</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html" id="4890">Orina y micción</related-topic>
<see-reference>Uretra, Trastornos de la</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uretral, Cáncer</see-reference>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento para cáncer de uretra" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uretra/paciente/tratamiento-uretra-pdq#_46" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq#_52">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cistouretrograma miccional pediátrico" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/voidcysto" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/voidcysto">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de secreción uretral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico por la imagen (imagenología) de las vías urinarias" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epispadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001285.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del cáncer de uretra" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uretra/paciente/tratamiento-uretra-pdq#_22" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq#_28">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis meatal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001599.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis uretral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001271.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001271.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hidronefrosis en recién nacidos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por clamidia en los hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000659.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de uretra" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uretra/paciente/tratamiento-uretra-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones ureterales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/lesiones-de-las-v%C3%ADas-urinarias-y-de-los-genitales/lesiones-ureterales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/urethral-injuries">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión traumática de la vejiga y la uretra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001063.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención urinaria" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/trastornos-de-la-micci%C3%B3n/retenci%C3%B3n-urinaria">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retención urinaria" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uretritis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/infecciones-urinarias-iu/uretritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/urinary-tract-infections-utis/urethritis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uretritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000439.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Válvulas de la uretra obstruidas" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/paginas/blocked-urethral-valves.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/pages/Blocked-Urethral-Valves.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos de la voz tienen varias causas, como hablar demasiado, gritar, despejar la garganta o fumar Entérese de síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Trastornos de la voz" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html" id="2255" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La voz es el sonido que se produce cuando el aire pasa desde los pulmones a través de la laringe. En la laringe se encuentran las cuerdas vocales, dos bandas musculares que vibran para emitir los sonidos. Para la mayoría de nosotros, la voz juega un papel importante sobre quiénes somos, lo que hacemos y cómo nos comunicamos. Como las huellas digitales, la voz de cada persona es única. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas cosas que hacemos pueden lastimar nuestras cuerdas vocales. Hablar demasiado, gritar, despejar la garganta constantemente o fumar pueden provocar ronquera. También pueden causar problemas como nódulos, pólipos y llagas en las cuerdas vocales. Otras causas de trastornos de la voz incluyen infecciones, subida de los ácidos gástricos hacia la garganta, crecimientos por un virus, cáncer y enfermedades que paralizan las cuerdas vocales.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las señales que la voz no está saludable incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su voz se ha vuelto ronca o rasgada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ha perdido la habilidad de lograr algunas notas altas cuando canta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su voz de repente suena más profunda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su garganta se siente a menudo irritada, con dolor o cansada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debe esforzarse para hablar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los trastornos de la voz varía dependiendo de la causa. La mayoría de los problemas de la voz pueden ser tratados con éxito si se diagnostican temprano.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html" id="1650" language="English">Voice Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html" id="1931">Cáncer de cabeza y cuello</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html" id="2261">Enfermedades de la garganta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="2161">Problemas del habla y de la comunicación</related-topic>
<see-reference>Voz, Trastornos de la</see-reference>
<site title="Cuidando su voz" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/cuidando-su-voz" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/taking-care-your-voice">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuide el sonido de su voz: Cómo prevenir y evitar los trastornos de la voz" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuide-el-sonido-de-su-voz" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/04/keep-your-voice-sound">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Daños a los nervios laríngeos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001643.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfonía espasmódica" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/disfonia-espasmodica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/spasmodic-dysphonia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disfonía espasmódica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000753.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disfunción de las cuerdas vocales" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/disfuncion-de-las-cuerdas-vocales-(dcv)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inyección de toxina botulínica para la laringe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007637.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001385.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringoespasmo: ¿Qué la provoca?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/laryngospasm/faq-20058269?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/laryngospasm/FAQ-20058269?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100167_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100167_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laringoscopia y nasolaringoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007507.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulos y pólipos de las cuerdas vocales" url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/Spanish/Nodulos-y-Polipos-de-las-Cuerdas-Vocales/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/NodulesPolyps.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición</organization>
</site>
<site title="Papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente o papilomatosis laríngea" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis de las cuerdas vocales" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/paralisis-de-las-cuerdas-vocales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vocal-fold-paralysis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ronquera" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/ronquera" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hoarseness">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ronquera" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003054.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la disfunción de las cuerdas vocales y el asma?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/faq-20058019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/FAQ-20058019?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué está cambiando mi voz? (información para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/voice-changing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/voice-changing.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la disfunción de las cuerdas vocales? (DCV)" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/what-is-vocal-cord-dysfunction-vcd.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/vocal-cord-dysfunction.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los bronquios son tubos que se ramifican desde la tráquea y llevan aire a los pulmones. Su problema más común es la bronquitis. Síntomas, tratamiento aquí." title="Trastornos de los bronquios" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html" id="5978" language="Spanish" date-created="03/01/2012">
<also-called>Problemas bronquiales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los bronquios son dos tubos que se ramifican desde la tráquea y llevan aire a los pulmones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trastorno bronquial más común es la bronquitis, una inflamación de los tubos. La bronquitis puede ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html"&gt;aguda&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html"&gt;crónica&lt;/a&gt;. Otros problemas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronquiectasia, una afección en la cual el daño a las vías respiratorias hace que se ensanchen, se vuelvan flácidas y con cicatrices&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio, ocurre cuando las vías respiratorias se contraen mientras usted está haciendo ejercicio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bronquiolitis, una inflamación de las vías aéreas pequeñas que se ramifican desde los bronquios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Displasia broncopulmonar, una afección que afecta a los bebés&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de los trastornos bronquiales depende de la causa.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html" id="5977" language="English">Bronchial Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html" id="1760">Asma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html" id="5756">Bronquitis aguda</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html" id="1790">Bronquitis crónica</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronquios, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Afecciones respiratorias del recién nacido" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/displasia-broncopulmonar" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras bronquiolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000007.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000007.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoespasmo inducido por el ejercicio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/broncoespasmo-inducido-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-bronchospasm/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003857.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Broncoscopia con lavado broncoalveolar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000144.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000975.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquiolitis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bronchiolitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchiolitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis obliterante" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12222/bronquiolitis-obliterante/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia broncopulmonar" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bpd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bpd.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia broncopulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001088.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001088.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drenaje postural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000051.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de función pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pulmones y aparato respiratorio" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/lungs.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/lungs.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ruptura traqueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001092.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001092.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="​Bronquiolitis en bebés: lo que los padres deben saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Paginas/bronchiolitis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Treating-Bronchiolitis-in-Infants.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El estrabismo y el nistagmo son dos trastornos del movimiento de los ojos. Entérese sobre causas y tratamientos aquí. " title="Trastornos de movimiento del ojo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html" id="5874" language="Spanish" date-created="09/12/2011">
<also-called>Trastornos de movimientos oculares</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Cuando usted mira un objeto, usted está utilizando varios músculos para mover ambos ojos y focalizarse en él. Si usted tiene un problema con los músculos, los ojos no funcionan apropiadamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos problemas de movimientos oculares. Los más comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estrabismo: Un trastorno donde los ojos no se alinean en la misma dirección. Esto resulta en ojos cruzados o bizcos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nistagmo: Movimientos rápidos e incontrolables de los ojos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos de los trastornos oculares están presentes al nacer. Otros se desarrollan con el tiempo y pueden estar asociados a otros problemas, como lesiones. Los tratamientos incluyen anteojos, parches, ejercicios para los músculos del ojo y cirugía. No existe cura para algunos tipos de trastornos de movimiento del ojo, como el nistagmo.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html" id="5873" language="English">Eye Movement Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Movimientos oculares, Trastornos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Ojos, Trastorno de movimiento</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras reparación de los músculos oculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000111.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000111.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los ojos" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ver el camino a la solución al estrabismo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/strabismus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/strabismus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encontrar un oftalmólogo" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrabismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001004.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001004.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estrabismo (ojos bizcos)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/estrabismo-ojos-bizcos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/strabismus-cross-eyes.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de la función del músculo extraocular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003397.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de la vista" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-la-vista/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vision-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mononeurapatía del III par craneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000698.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000698.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mononeuropatía del VI par craneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000690.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000690.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nistagmo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003037.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003037.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoplejia internuclear" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-los-pares-craneales/oftalmoplejia-internuclear" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/cranial-nerve-disorders/internuclear-ophthalmoplegia">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oftalmoplejía supranuclear" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001624.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parálisis de la mirada conjugada" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-los-pares-craneales/par%C3%A1lisis-de-la-mirada-conjugada" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/cranial-nerve-disorders/conjugate-gaze-palsies">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación de los músculos oculares" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002961.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002961.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reparación quirúrgica del estrabismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100062_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100062_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videonistagmografía (VNG)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/videonistagmografia-vng/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/videonystagmography-vng/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el estrabismo del adulto?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/estrabismo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-strabismus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un nistagmo?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/nistagmo" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-nystagmus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una parálisis microvascular del nervio craneal?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/paralisis-microvascular-del-nervio-craneal" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/microvascular-cranial-nerve-palsy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas del color de la piel ocurren cuando las células de la melanina se dañan o enferman, causando un color muy oscuro o muy claro en la piel.  " title="Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="2151" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas del color de la piel</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Pigmentación significa coloración. Los trastornos de la coloración de la piel afectan el color de la piel. Su piel obtiene su color de un pigmento llamado melanina, el que es producido por células especiales de la piel. Cuando éstas células se dañan o se enferman, se afecta la producción de melanina. Algunos trastornos de la pigmentación afectan solamente ciertas regiones de la piel. Otros afectan todo el cuerpo. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si el cuerpo produce demasiada melanina, la piel se oscurece. El embarazo, la enfermedad de Addison y la exposición al sol pueden oscurecer la piel. Si el cuerpo produce muy poca melanina, la piel se hace más clara. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitiligo.html"&gt;vitiligo&lt;/a&gt; es una afección que causa áreas de piel clara. El albinismo es un cuadro genético que afecta toda la piel de una persona. Una persona con albinismo puede no tener color, una coloración más ligera que su piel normal o áreas de color de piel sin color. Las infecciones, las ampollas y las quemaduras pueden ser otras causas de regiones de piel más clara. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="406" language="English">Skin Pigmentation Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/moles.html" id="4492">Lunares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthmarks.html" id="5403">Manchas de nacimiento</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitiligo.html" id="2224">Vitiligo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pigmentación de la piel, Trastornos de</see-reference>
<site title="Acantosis nigricans" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/acanthosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/acanthosis.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acantosis pigmentaria" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/symptoms-causes/syc-20368983?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acantosis pigmentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000852.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000852.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Albinismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001479.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001479.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Albinismo (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/albinism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/albinism.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipomelanosis de Ito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001461.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia pigmentaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001583.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a la pigmentación cutánea" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/alteraciones-de-la-pigmentaci%C3%B3n/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-pigmentaci%C3%B3n-cut%C3%A1nea" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/pigment-disorders/overview-of-skin-pigment">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manchas cutáneas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001141.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manchas en la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003224.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003224.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Melasma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000836.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000836.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Palidez" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003244.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003244.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Piel anormalmente oscura o clara" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003242.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pitiriasis alba" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001463.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001217.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001217.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de McCune-Albright" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11861/sindrome-de-mccune-albright/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Waardenburg" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001428.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001428.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001466.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001466.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xerodermia pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001467.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una marca o mancha de nacimiento?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/birthmark.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/birthmark.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las pecas? (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/freckles.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/freckles.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cervicitis, pólipos e insuficiencia cérvicouterina son algunos trastornos del cuello del útero. Entérese sobre síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamientos aquí. " title="Trastornos del cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html" id="5416" language="Spanish" date-created="04/26/2010">
<also-called>Trastornos del cuello del útero</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El cuello uterino es la parte baja del útero y es donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. El cuello del útero tiene una abertura elástica que se expande durante el parto. También es por donde el flujo menstrual sale del cuerpo de la mujer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de cuidados de salud quizás realice un Papanicolau durante su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html"&gt;chequeo médico&lt;/a&gt; regular para notar si hay cambios en las células del cuello uterino, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;. Otros problemas del cuello uterino incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cervicitis: inflamación del cuello uterino, por lo general resultado de una infección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Insuficiencia cérvicouterina: puede ocurrir durante el embarazo y consiste en un ensanchamiento del cuello del útero mucho antes de que el bebé nazca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pólipos y quistes cervicales: crecimientos anormales en el cuello uterino&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervixdisorders.html" id="5415" language="English">Cervix Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html" id="1805">Cáncer de cuello uterino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214">Enfermedades del útero</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html" id="2281">Virus del papiloma humano</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cuello del útero, Trastornos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cuello uterino, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia dirigida por colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003913.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia en cono" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003910.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001495.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001495.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Criocirugía del cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002917.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuello uterino incompetente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000595.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuello uterino incompetente" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/cuello-uterino-incompetente.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/cervical-insufficiency-and-short-cervix.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001491.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001491.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia cervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100080_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100080_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia cervical (Papanicolau anormal)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/displasia-cervical-papanicolau-anormal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/cervical-dysplasia/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Displasia de cuello uterino: ¿Es un cáncer?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/faq-20058142?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/expert-answers/cervical-dysplasia/FAQ-20058142?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Durante el embarazo, ¿Qué importancia tiene la longitud del cuello uterino?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/cervical-length/faq-20058357?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estenosis cervical" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/otras-alteraciones-ginecol%C3%B3gicas/estenosis-cervical" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-gynecologic-abnormalities/cervical-stenosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibromas cervicales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/fibromas/fibromas-cervicales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/fibroids/cervical-fibroids">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Huevo de Naboth" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001514.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001514.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos cervicales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001494.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos cervicales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/otras-alteraciones-ginecol%C3%B3gicas/p%C3%B3lipos-cervicales" language-mapped-url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/home/women-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-gynecologic-abnormalities/cervical-polyps">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resultados anormales en las pruebas del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y de Papanicolaou" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram endocervical" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos del desarrollo pueden ser físicos, mentales o ambos a la vez. Estos problemas en general duran toda la vida, pero la terapia puede ayudar. " title="Trastornos del desarrollo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="1850" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Discapacidades del desarrollo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos de desarrollo son problemas severos y de larga duración. Pueden ser físicos, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;ceguera&lt;/a&gt;, afectar las capacidades mentales, como los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html"&gt;problemas de aprendizaje&lt;/a&gt;; o pueden ser una combinación de ambos, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Down&lt;/a&gt;.  En general, los problemas duran toda la vida y afectan la vida cotidiana. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen varias causas de los trastornos del desarrollo. Estas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Anormalidades cromosómicas o genéticas: Estas causan afecciones como el síndrome de Down y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rettsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Rett&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exposición durante el embarazo a ciertas sustancias: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;Beber alcohol en el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;infecciones durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html"&gt;Parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;A menudo no existe una cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas. Los tratamientos incluyen terapia física, del habla y ocupacional. Las clases de educación especial y la consejería psicológica también pueden ser útiles.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html" id="209" language="English">Developmental Disabilities</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html" id="1861">Discapacidades</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html" id="2001">Problemas de aprendizaje</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html" id="1866">Síndrome de Down</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html" id="1763">Trastorno del espectro autista</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901">Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</related-topic>
<see-reference>Discapacidad intelectual</see-reference>
<see-reference>Intelectual, discapacidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Retraso mental</see-reference>
<site title="Atención en casos de discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/atencion-en-casos-de-discapacidad-intelectual-o-del-desarrollo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-a-person-who-has-intellectual-or-developmental-disabilities/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda para niños con discapacidades (tres a 21 años de edad)" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/paraninos/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidad intelectual" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001523.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidades del desarrollo" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/developmental-disabilities/paginas/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discapacidades intelectuales" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/discapacidadesintelectuales/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
<site title="Las discapacidades del desarrollo y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/discapacidades-del-desarrollo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/developmental-disabilities">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Llevar a su hijo a un terapeuta" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/finding-therapist.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/finding-therapist.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programas de educación individualizados (IEP por sus siglas en inglés)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/iep.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de evaluación del desarrollo y el comportamiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Angelman" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007616.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Emanuel" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12154/sindrome-de-emanuel/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de KBG" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12064/sindrome-de-kbg/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001249.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001249.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Williams" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001116.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001116.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome del maullido del gato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001593.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001593.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transición a la vida adulta" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/transicion-adulta/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001533.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001533.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usted no está sólo: Para padres cuando se enteran que su niño tiene una discapacidad" url="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/nosolo/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Si hay algo que le preocupa, reaccione pronto!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/actearly/concerned.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/concerned.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los profesionales de la salud las discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/idds/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué debo hacer si creo que mi hijo tiene una IDD?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/idds/informacion/cura" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo/cure">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un pediatra del desarrollo conductual?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/paginas/what-is-a-developmental-behavioral-pediatrician.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/pages/What-is-a-Developmental-Behavioral-Pediatrician.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/idds/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tomar alcohol durante el embarazo puede causar trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal. Los efectos en el bebé pueden ser físicos o del comportamiento." title="Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1901" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>TEAF</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El alcohol puede dañar a su bebé en cualquier etapa del embarazo. Esto incluye los primeros meses, antes de que usted sepa que está embarazada. Tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;alcohol durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; puede causar un grupo de afecciones llamadas trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal. Los niños que nacen con estos trastornos pueden mostrar una serie de problemas, incluyendo médicos, conductuales, educativos y sociales. Los tipos de problemas que tengan dependen del tipo de trastorno que tengan. Estos pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Rasgos faciales anormales, como un surco liso entre la nariz y el labio superior&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tamaño de cabeza pequeño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Menor altura que el promedio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bajo peso corporal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mala coordinación&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comportamiento hiperactivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dificultad con la atención y la memoria&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de aprendizaje y dificultad en la escuela&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Retrasos en el habla y el lenguaje&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Discapacidad intelectual o bajo coeficiente intelectual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pobre razonamiento y capacidad de juicio&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de sueño y succión del bebé&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas de visión o audición&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas con el corazón, los riñones o los huesos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síndrome alcohólico fetal es el tipo de trastorno más serio. Las personas con este síndrome sufren de anormalidades faciales que incluyen ojos muy separados y estrechos, problemas de crecimiento y anomalías del sistema nervioso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Diagnosticar el trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal puede ser difícil porque no hay una prueba médica específica para ello, como un examen de sangre. El profesional de la salud hará un diagnóstico al observar los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-teaf/"&gt;signos y síntomas del niño&lt;/a&gt;, y preguntará si la madre bebió alcohol durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal dura toda la vida. No existe una cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar. Estos incluyen medicamentos para ayudar con algunos síntomas, atención médica para problemas de salud, terapia de comportamiento y educacional, y capacitación para padres. Un buen plan de tratamiento es específico para los problemas del niño. Debe incluir un monitoreo cercano, seguimientos y cambios cuando sea necesario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ciertos "factores de protección" pueden ayudar a reducir los efectos del trastorno de espectro alcohólico fetal y ayudar quienes que los tienen a alcanzar todo su potencial. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un diagnóstico antes de los seis años de edad&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un ambiente en el amoroso, enriquecedor y estable durante los años escolares&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La ausencia de violencia a su alrededor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Participación en educación especial y servicios sociales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;No se conoce una cantidad segura de alcohol durante el embarazo. Para prevenir los trastornos, no debe beber alcohol mientras está embarazada o cuando pueda quedar embarazada.&lt;/p&gt;







&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html" id="1300" language="English">Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAAA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="1733">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alcoholismo fetal, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Espectro alcohólico fetal, Trastornos del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de alcoholismo fetal</see-reference>
<see-reference>TEAF</see-reference>
<site title="Alcohol durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/el-alcohol-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/alcohol-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/el-alcohol/pdf/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol y su embarazo" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/el-alcohol-y-su-embarazo-alcohol-and-your-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal (TEAF)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-teaf/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños adoptados y en hogares de acogida con trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/adoption-and-foster-care/Paginas/Foster-Adopted-Children-with-FASDs.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome alcohólico fetal: Diagnóstico y tratamientos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352907?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome alcohólico fetal: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352901?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de alcoholismo fetal" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sindrome-de-alcoholismo-fetal-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/?adree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de alcoholismo fetal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000911.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000911.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/informacion-sobre-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Muchas personas se sienten tristes de vez en cuando, pero los trastornos del estado de ánimo afectan a diario el estado emocional de una persona. Más aquí." title="Trastornos del estado de ánimo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html" id="6064" language="Spanish" date-created="01/09/2013">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas se sienten tristes o irritables de vez en cuando y pueden decir que están de mal humor. Los trastornos del estado de ánimo son diferentes porque afectan a diario el estado emocional de la persona. Aproximadamente, una de cada 10 personas mayores de 18 años, tiene un trastorno del estado de ánimo. Estos trastornos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;trastorno bipolar&lt;/a&gt; (también conocido como depresión maníaca) &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden incrementar los riesgos de enfermedades del corazón, diabetes y otras enfermedades en una persona. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, psicoterapia o la combinación de los dos. La mayoría de las personas con trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden llevar una vida productiva con el tratamiento adecuado.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html" id="6063" language="English">Mood Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848">Depresión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html" id="1772">Trastorno bipolar</related-topic>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ciclotimia (trastorno ciclotímico)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cyclothymia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371275?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclothymia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371275?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno ciclotímico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001550.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001550.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del estado de ánimo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mood-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20365057?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las personas con trastornos del gusto o del olfato tienen problemas con ambos sentidos. Pueden tener muchas causas, como resfríos o lesiones en la cabeza. " title="Trastornos del gusto y del olfato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="2184" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Problemas para degustar y oler</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los sentidos del gusto y el olfato nos brindan gran placer. El gusto nos ayuda a disfrutar de las comidas y las bebidas. El olfato nos permite disfrutar las esencias y fragancias, como las rosas o el café. El gusto y el olfato también nos protegen, informándonos cuando una comida está en mal estado o cuando hay una fuga de gas. Nos hacen desear comer, asegurándonos que obtengamos la nutrición necesaria. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con trastornos del gusto pueden sentir sabores que no existen, no diferenciar los sabores o no percibir ningún sabor. Las personas con trastornos del olfato pueden perder el sentido del olfato o sentir olores distintos en algunas cosas. Un olor que antes resultaba agradable puede convertirse en desagradable. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Muchas enfermedades y lesiones pueden provocar trastornos del gusto y del olfato, inclusive los resfríos y los traumatismos en la cabeza. Algunos medicamentos también pueden afectar el gusto y el olfato. La mayoría de las personas pierde parte de su capacidad de oler y saborear a medida que envejece. El tratamiento varía, dependiendo del problema y su causa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadults.html" id="6">Personas mayores</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Oído, nariz y garganta</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html" id="430" language="English">Taste and Smell Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCD">Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html" id="2240">Enfermedades de la boca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2056">Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gusto, Trastornos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Olfato, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Cambios en los sentidos con la edad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004013.htm">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambian los sentidos del olfato y del sabor a medida que envejece" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/boca/como-cambian-sentidos-olfato-sabor-medida-envejece" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/teeth-and-mouth/how-smell-and-taste-change-you-age">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funciona el sentido del gusto…y ¿por qué se altera?" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-funciona-el-sentido-del-gusto-y-por-que-se-altera" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-do-we-tasteand-why-does-it-go-wrong">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deterioro del sentido del gusto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003050.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003050.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deterioro del sentido del olfato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003052.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003052.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fantosmia: ¿Qué provoca las alucinaciones olfativas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/expert-answers/phantosmia/faq-20058131?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gusto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000129.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000129.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al olfato y al gusto" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-otorrinolaringol%C3%B3gicos/s%C3%ADntomas-de-las-enfermedades-de-la-nariz-y-la-garganta/introducci%C3%B3n-al-olfato-y-al-gusto" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/symptoms-of-nose-and-throat-disorders/overview-of-smell-and-taste-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que su nariz sabe: El sentido del olfato y su salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/lo-que-su-nariz-sabe" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/08/what-your-nose-knows">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Olfato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000145.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de los senos paranasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del gusto" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/trastornos-del-gusto" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/taste-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del gusto" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/trastornos-del-gusto" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/taste-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del olfato" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/trastornos-del-olfato" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tu nariz" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/nose.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/nose.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las papilas gustativas?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/taste-buds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/taste-buds.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Entre los trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos se encuentran la fenilcetonuria y la enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce. Causas, tratamientos." title="Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6386" language="Spanish" date-created="10/04/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Su sistema digestivo descompone la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en su cuerpo. Si usted tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno metabólico&lt;/a&gt;, tiene un problema en este proceso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un grupo de estos problemas son los trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos. Estos incluyen la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html"&gt;fenilcetonuria&lt;/a&gt; y la enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce. Los aminoácidos son los "bloques de construcción" que se unen para formar proteínas. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, su cuerpo puede tener problemas para descomponer ciertos aminoácidos, o puede haber un problema para que los aminoácidos ingresen a las células. Estos problemas causan una acumulación de sustancias nocivas en su cuerpo. Eso puede conducir a problemas de salud graves e incluso mortales. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usualmente, estos trastornos se heredan. Un bebé que nace con uno de estos trastornos puede no mostrar ningún síntoma. Debido a que los trastornos pueden ser muy graves, el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano es crítico. Muchos de los bebés recién nacidos se someten a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html"&gt;pruebas&lt;/a&gt; mediante análisis de sangre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, medicamentos y suplementos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales si hay complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6385" language="English">Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html" id="3669">Proteínas en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6390">Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6388">Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277">Trastornos metabólicos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Aminoácidos, Trastornos metabólicos de los</see-reference>
<site title="Acidemia metilmalónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001162.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidemia metilmalónica" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/11859/acidemia-metilmalonica/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alcaptonuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001200.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aminoácidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002222.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aminoácidos plasmáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003361.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003361.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de isobutiril-CoA-deshidrogenasa" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12191/deficiencia-de-isobutiril-coa-deshidrogenasa/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000373.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000373.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/msud.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/msud.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del recién nacido: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ácido metilmalónico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003565.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fenilcetonuria: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Homocistinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001199.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ácido metilmalónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-metilmalonico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/methylmalonic-acid-mma-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de Hartnup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001201.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-metab%C3%B3licos-hereditarios/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-del-metabolismo-de-los-amino%C3%A1cidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/hereditary-metabolic-disorders/overview-of-amino-acid-metabolism-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si usted tiene un trastorno del metabolismo de los carbohidratos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los carbohidratos, o puede que las enzimas no funcionen en forma correcta." title="Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6390" language="Spanish" date-created="10/05/2016">
<also-called>Trastornos del metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la  comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno metabólico&lt;/a&gt;, hay un problema en este proceso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. En general, sus enzimas descomponen los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt; en glucosa, un tipo de azúcar. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los carbohidratos, o puede que las enzimas no funcionen en forma correcta. Esto hace que una cantidad dañina de azúcar se acumule en su organismo. Esto puede conducir a problemas de salud, incluso graves. Algunos de estos trastornos son fatales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html"&gt;pruebas&lt;/a&gt;  mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, suplementos y medicamentos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, si se presentan complicaciones. Para algunos trastornos no existe cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6389" language="English">Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html" id="3671">Carbohidratos en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html" id="1997">Intolerancia a la lactosa</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6386">Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6388">Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277">Trastornos metabólicos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carbohidratos, Trastornos metabólicos de los</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hidratos de carbono, Trastornos metabólicos de los</see-reference>
<site title="Diabetes: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de almacenamiento de glucógeno tipo 5" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12891/enfermedad-de-almacenamiento-de-glucogeno-tipo-5/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Von Gierke" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000338.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del almacenamiento de glucógeno tipo V" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000329.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por almacenamiento de glucógeno tipo 1 (von Gierke)" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/enfermedades-del-HIGADO/centro-de-informaci%C3%B3n-hep%C3%A1tica-pedi%C3%A1trica/enfermedad-hep%C3%A1tica-pedi%C3%A1trica/enfermedad-por-almacenamiento-de-gluc%C3%B3geno-tipo-1-de-von-gierke/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/glycogen-storage-disease-type-1-von-gierke/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12418/galactosemia/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000366.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000366.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactosemia" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/galactosemia/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/galactosemia/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intolerancia hereditaria a la fructosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000359.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000359.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucolipidosis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/mucolipidosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/mucolipidoses-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolisacaridosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001246.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001246.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolisacaridosis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/mucopolisacaridosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/mucopolysaccharidoses-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolisacaridosis tipo I" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001204.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001204.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolisacaridosis tipo II" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001203.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolisacaridosis tipo III" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001210.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001210.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolisacaridosis tipo IV" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001206.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucopolisacáridos ácidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003368.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003368.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de galactosa-1-fosfato uridiltransferasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003636.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Sanfilippo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/sanfilippo-syndrome.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sanfilippo-syndrome.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos, como la enfermedad de Gaucher y la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs, causan problemas para descomponer las grasas en energía." title="Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6388" language="Spanish" date-created="10/05/2016">
<also-called>Trastornos del metabolismo de las grasas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la  comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;trastornos metabólico&lt;/a&gt;, hay un problema en este proceso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Gaucher&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Tay-Sachs&lt;/a&gt;, tienen que ver con los lípidos. Los lípidos son grasas o sustancias similares a la grasa. Estos incluyen aceites, ácidos grasos, ceras y colesterol. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los lípidos, o las enzimas pueden no funcionar en forma correcta y su cuerpo no puede convertir las grasas en energía. Esto causa que una cantidad dañina de lípidos se acumule en su organismo. Con el tiempo, se pueden dañar las células y los tejidos, especialmente en el cerebro, el sistema nervioso periférico, el hígado, el bazo y la médula ósea. Muchos de estos trastornos pueden ser muy graves, o incluso a veces fatales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html"&gt;pruebas&lt;/a&gt;  mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html"&gt;pruebas genéticas&lt;/a&gt; para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las terapias de reemplazo de enzimas pueden ayudar con algunos de estos trastornos. Para otros no existe tratamiento. Medicamentos, transfusiones de sangre y otros procedimientos pueden ayudar con las complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6387" language="English">Lipid Metabolism Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html" id="3594">Grasas en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6386">Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6390">Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277">Trastornos metabólicos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Grasas, Trastornos metabólicos de las</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lípidos, Trastornos metabólicos de los</see-reference>
<site title="Acidemia metilmalónica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001162.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001162.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de la lipasa ácida lisosómica" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12098/deficiencia-de-la-lipasa-acida-lisosomica/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de LCHAD" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13052/deficiencia-de-lchad/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia familiar de lipoproteinlipasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000408.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Fabry" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-fabry" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/fabry-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Farber" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-farber" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/farbers-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Gaucher: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedad-de-niemann-pick" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/niemann-pick-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001207.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001207.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades por almacenamiento de lípidos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/enfermedades-de-almacenamiento-de-lipidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/lipid-storage-diseases-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del recién nacido: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ácido metilmalónico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003565.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucolipidosis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/mucolipidosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/mucolipidoses-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas genéticas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Bassen-Kornzweig" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001666.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de quilomicronemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000405.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Xantoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001447.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001447.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos del movimiento pueden ser causados por enfermedades de los nervios, autoinmunes e infecciones, entre otros. Algunos son hereditarios. " title="Trastornos del movimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html" id="2039" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos del movimiento son enfermedades neurológicas que causan problemas con el movimiento, como:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aumento del movimiento que puede ser voluntario (intencional)  o involuntario (no intencional)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Disminución del movimiento voluntario o movimientos más lentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos trastornos del movimiento diferentes. Algunos de los tipos más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ataxia: Pérdida de la coordinación muscular&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html"&gt;Distonía&lt;/a&gt;: Contracciones involuntarias de los músculos que causan torsiones y movimientos repetitivos. Puede ser dolorosa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Huntington&lt;/a&gt;: Afección hereditaria que provoca el desgaste de algunas células nerviosas del cerebro. Estas incluyen las células nerviosas que ayudan a controlar los movimientos voluntarios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;: Afección que empeora con el tiempo. Causa temblores, lentitud del movimiento y problemas para caminar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html"&gt;Síndrome de Tourette&lt;/a&gt;: Enfermedad que causa que las personas que la sufren realicen movimientos o sonidos fuera de lo normal, llamados tics&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html"&gt;Temblor&lt;/a&gt; y temblor esencial: Causan sacudidas no intencionales en una o más partes del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Las causas de los trastornos del movimiento incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Genes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html"&gt;Infecciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Medicinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daños en el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;cerebro&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;médula espinal&lt;/a&gt; o los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;nervios periféricos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos metabólicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html"&gt;Derrame cerebral&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html"&gt;problemas circulatorios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toxinas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento varía según el trastorno. La medicina puede curar algunos de ellos. Otros mejoran cuando se trata la enfermedad subyacente. Sin embargo, con frecuencia no hay una cura. En ese caso, el objetivo del tratamiento es mejorar los síntomas y aliviar el dolor.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Huesos, articulaciones y músculos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520" language="English">Movement Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ataxiatelangiectasia.html" id="3796">Ataxia telangiectasia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html" id="1873">Distonía</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="2081">Enfermedad de Parkinson</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html" id="5920">Enfermedades del cerebelo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html" id="2043">Enfermedades musculares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html" id="2054">Enfermedades neuromusculares</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/progressivesupranuclearpalsy.html" id="3610">Parálisis supranuclear progresiva</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html" id="5674">Problemas para caminar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html" id="2201">Síndrome de Tourette</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html" id="2205">Temblor</related-topic>
<see-reference>Machado-Joseph, Enfermedad de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mioclonos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Movimiento, Trastorno de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tics nerviosos</see-reference>
<site title="Ataxias espinocerebelosas, incluida la enfermedad de Machado-Joseph" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-espinocerebelosas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/machado-joseph-disease-and-spinocerebellar-ataxias-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ataxias y la degeneración cerebelosa o espinocerebelosa" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/ataxias-y-la-degeneracion-cerebelosa-o-espinocerebelosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/ataxia-and-cerebellar-or-spinocerebellar-degeneration">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Corea de Sydenham" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001358.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Discinesia tardía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000685.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000685.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación cerebral profunda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007453.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los trastornos del movimiento" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-movimiento/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-del-movimiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/movement-disorders/overview-of-movement-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mioclono palatino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001637.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mioclonos" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/mioclonos">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Movimiento espasmódico o impredecible" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003196.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movimiento lento o incontrolable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003197.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003197.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movimientos descoordinados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003198.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003198.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Movimientos incontrolables" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003201.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003201.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neurodegeneración con acumulación de hierro en el cerebro (NAHC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001225.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001225.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas y procedimientos de diagnóstico neurológico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/pruebas-y-procedimientos-de-diagnostico-neurologico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/neurological-diagnostic-tests-and-procedures-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Angelman" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007616.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007616.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de temblor/ataxia asociado al X frágil (FXTAS)" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/fxtas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fxtas">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tics faciales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001410.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tics nerviosos" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Tics-Nerviosos-035.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/tic_disorders">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno crónico de tic motor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000745.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000745.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de tic provisional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000747.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El nervio óptico conecta la parte posterior de cada ojo con el cerebro. Si se daña puede causar pérdida de la vision o ceguera." title="Trastornos del nervio óptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html" id="6428" language="Spanish" date-created="12/27/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El nervio óptico agrupa a más de un millón de fibras nerviosas que trasladan mensajes visuales. Este conecta la parte posterior de cada ojo (su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html"&gt;retina&lt;/a&gt;) al cerebro. El daño al nervio óptico puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/a&gt;. El tipo de pérdida de la visión y su gravedad depende de dónde ocurra el daño. Puede afectar a uno o ambos ojos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay muchos tipos diferentes de trastornos del nervio óptico, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html"&gt;Glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;: Grupo de enfermedades que son la principal causa de ceguera en los Estados Unidos. El glaucoma generalmente ocurre cuando la presión del líquido dentro del ojo se eleva lentamente y daña el nervio óptico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Neuritis óptica: Inflamación del nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen infecciones y enfermedades relacionadas con el sistema inmunitario, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;esclerosis múltiple&lt;/a&gt;. A veces la causa es desconocida&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Atrofia del nervio óptico: Daño al nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen poco flujo sanguíneo al ojo, enfermedad, trauma o exposición a sustancias tóxicas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drusas de la cabeza del nervio óptico: Bolsas de proteínas y sales de calcio que se acumulan en el nervio óptico a lo largo del tiempo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Comuníquese con su proveedor de atención médica si tiene problemas de visión. Las pruebas para los trastornos del nervio óptico pueden incluir exámenes del ojo, oftalmoscopia (un examen de la parte posterior del ojo) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;pruebas de imagen&lt;/a&gt;. El tratamiento depende del trastorno que tenga. Algunos tratamientos para los trastornos del nervio óptico permiten recuperar su vista, pero para otros no hay tratamiento, o el tratamiento sólo puede prevenir una mayor pérdida de la visión.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Ojos y visión</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html" id="6427" language="English">Optic Nerve Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NEI">Instituto Nacional del Ojo</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Nervio óptico, Trastorno</see-reference>
<site title="Atrofia del nervio óptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001622.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glioma óptico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001024.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipertensión intracraneal idiopática" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/hipertension-intracraneal-idiopatica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hágase un examen de los ojos con dilatación de las pupilas" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/hagase-un-examen-de-los-ojos-con-dilatacion-de-las-pupilas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/get-dilated-eye-exam">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Ojo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los trastornos del nervio óptico" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%C3%A1lmicos/trastornos-del-nervio-%C3%B3ptico/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-del-nervio-%C3%B3ptico" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/optic-nerve-disorders/overview-of-optic-nerve-disorders">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mantenga sana su visión: Aprenda sobre el examen ocular completo con dilatación de pupila" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenga-sana-su-vision">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuritis óptica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000741.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuromielitis óptica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuromielitis-optica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neuromyelitis-optica">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatías ópticas nutricionales y tóxicas" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-oft%c3%a1lmicos/trastornos-del-nervio-%c3%b3ptico/neuropat%c3%adas-%c3%b3pticas-nutricionales-y-t%c3%b3xicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/eye-disorders/optic-nerve-disorders/nutritional-and-toxic-optic-neuropathies">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un coloboma?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-coloboma">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El pericardio es una membrana o saco que rodea el corazón. Algunos trastornos son la pericarditis, derrame pericárdico y taponamiento cardiaco." title="Trastornos del pericardio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html" id="5665" language="Spanish" date-created="10/21/2010">
<also-called>Trastornos pericardiales</also-called>
<also-called>Trastornos pericardíacos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El pericardio es una membrana o saco, que rodea el corazón. Sostiene el corazón en su lugar y ayuda a que funcione correctamente. Los problemas con el pericardio incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La pericarditis, una inflamación del saco. Puede ser causada por un virus u otra infección, ataque al corazón, cirugía de corazón, otras afecciones médicas, lesiones y ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Derrame pericárdico, acumulación de líquido en el saco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taponamiento cardíaco, un problema grave en el cual la acumulación de líquido en el saco causa problemas con el funcionamiento del corazón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los problemas pericárdicos incluyen dolor en el pecho, palpitaciones y dificultad para respirar. La fiebre es un síntoma común de pericarditis aguda. Para el diagnóstico, su doctor puede hacer un examen físico, pruebas con imágenes y/o pruebas para el corazón. El tratamiento depende de la causa. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html" id="5664" language="English">Pericardial Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html" id="1940">Ataque al corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html" id="1941">Enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pericardio, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Anatomía del corazón" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/anatomia-del-corazon/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo del líquido pericárdico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003720.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003720.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derrame pericárdico" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pericardial-effusion/symptoms-causes/syc-20353720?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pericardial-effusion/symptoms-causes/syc-20353720?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericardiocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003872.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003872.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/pericarditis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/pericarditis-2/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000182.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000182.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis aguda" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/enfermedad-peric%C3%A1rdica-del-pericardio-y-miocarditis/pericarditis-aguda" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/pericardial-disease-and-myocarditis/acute-pericarditis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis constrictiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001103.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001103.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis crónica" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/enfermedad-peric%C3%A1rdica-del-pericardio-y-miocarditis/pericarditis-cr%C3%B3nica" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/pericardial-disease-and-myocarditis/chronic-pericarditis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pericarditis después de un ataque cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000166.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000166.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para la salud del corazón: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del corazón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003795.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003795.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Dressler" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dresslers-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371811?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taponamiento cardíaco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000194.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000194.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram del líquido pericárdico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003719.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la inflamación cardíaca?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/inflamacion-cardiaca" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El sistema nervioso autónomo controla acciones involuntarias. Sus trastornos pueden causar problemas de presión arterial, del corazón o respiración." title="Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4243" language="Spanish" date-created="11/12/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El sistema nervioso autónomo es la parte de su sistema nervioso que controla las acciones involuntarias, tales como los latidos cardíacos y el ensanchamiento o estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos. Cuando algo malo ocurre en este sistema, puede causar problemas serios, entre ellos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con la presión arterial &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas cardíacos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dificultad en la respiración y la deglución &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Disfunción eréctil en los hombres&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo pueden presentarse aislados o como resultado de otras enfermedades, tales como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Parkinson&lt;/a&gt;, el alcoholismo y la diabetes. Los problemas pueden afectar parte del sistema, como en los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html"&gt;síndromes de dolor regional complejo&lt;/a&gt;, o en todo el sistema. Algunos tipos son transitorios, pero muchos empeoran con el transcurso del tiempo. Cuando afectan la respiración o la función cardiaca, estos trastornos pueden ser riesgosos para la vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo pueden mejorar cuando se trata la enfermedad subyacente. Sin embargo, con frecuencia no hay una cura. En esos casos,  la meta del tratamiento es mejorar los síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html" id="4242" language="English">Autonomic Nervous System Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Sistema nervioso autónomo, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Atrofia multisistémica" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/atrofia-multisistemica" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/multiple-system-atrophy">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Atrofia multisistémica (tipo parkinsoniano)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000757.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000757.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disautonomía familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001387.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperreflexia autónoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001431.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipotensión ortostática (hipotensión postural)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-hypotension/symptoms-causes/syc-20352548?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Introducción al sistema nervioso autónomo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-del-sistema-nervioso-aut%C3%B3nomo/introducci%C3%B3n-al-sistema-nervioso-aut%C3%B3nomo" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/autonomic-nervous-system-disorders/overview-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía autonómica" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía autónoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000776.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000776.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas autonómicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-autonomicas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autonomic-testing/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reconocer el POTS (síndrome de taquicardia postural ortostática)" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/reconocer-el-pots" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/09/recognizing-pots">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Horner" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000708.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de taquicardia ortostática postural" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pots.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pots.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los problemas de la uretra, como cáncer, estenosis uretral o uretritis, pueden causar dolor o dificultad para orinar. Síntomas, diagnóstico, tratamientos. " title="Trastornos del uréter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ureteraldisorders.html" id="5351" language="Spanish" date-created="01/08/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Sus riñones forman la orina filtrando desechos y exceso de agua de su sangre. Su sangre lleva los desechos a los riñones. De los riñones, la orina pasa por dos tubos delgados llamados uréteres hacia la vejiga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los uréteres miden entre 8 y 10 pulgadas (20 y 26 cm). Los músculos en las paredes de los uréteres se contraen y relajan para obligar a la orina a bajar y a alejarse de los riñones. Pequeñas cantidades de orina fluyen de los uréteres a la vejiga cada 10 a 15 segundos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los problemas con los uréteres pueden surgir por obstrucción o lesión. Además, si la orina queda estancada o vuelve, usted puede contraer una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;infección urinaria&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los doctores diagnostican los problemas de los uréteres usando ciertos exámenes. Estos exámenes incluyen análisis de orina, rayos X y un examen con una sonda especial con una pequeña cámara en su extremo llamado cistoscopia. El tratamiento difiere dependiendo de la causa del problema. Puede incluir medicinas y, en casos severos, cirugía. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ureteraldisorders.html" id="5350" language="English">Ureteral Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777">Enfermedades de la vejiga</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ureteral, Cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uréter, Trastornos del</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia ureteral retrógrada por cepillado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003906.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003906.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de reimplantación ureteral en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007704.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico por la imagen (imagenología) de las vías urinarias" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis retroperitoneal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000463.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrosis retroperitoneal" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12387/fibrosis-retroperitoneal/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hidronefrosis en recién nacidos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el cáncer de células de transición de pelvis renal y de uréter" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-transicion-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión del riñón y uréter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001065.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obstrucción de la unión ureteropélvica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001267.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pielografía intravenosa (PIV)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pielograma intravenoso (PIV)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/ivp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflujo vesicoureteral" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vesicoureteral-reflux.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vesicoureteral-reflux.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureterocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000462.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existe una variedad de diferentes trastornos dentales, incluyendo caries, infecciones y traumatismos. El síntoma más común es dolor. Aquí más. " title="Trastornos dentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html" id="3070" language="Spanish" date-created="02/20/2003">
<also-called>Problemas dentales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los dientes están formados por un material duro, similar al hueso. Dentro de los dientes hay nervios y vasos sanguíneos. Los dientes son necesarios para muchas actividades que usted da por un hecho. Entre ellas se incluyen comer, hablar e inclusive, sonreír. Pero los problemas en los dientes no son para reírse. Incluyen problemas como las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html"&gt;caries&lt;/a&gt;, las infecciones y los traumatismos. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El síntoma más común de un problema dental es el dolor de un diente. Otros incluyen el desgaste o la caída de los dientes. Es importante que si tiene problemas en los dientes vea a un dentista. Afortunadamente, muchos trastornos dentales pueden prevenirse mediante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html"&gt;cuidado&lt;/a&gt; y la limpieza de los dientes. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Salud oral y dental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html" id="3069" language="English">Tooth Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDCR">Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html" id="5952">Caries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html" id="1928">Enfermedades de las encías</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/orthodontia.html" id="3615">Ortodoncia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html" id="1847">Salud dental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html" id="1811">Salud dental del niño</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dientes, Trastornos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Placa</see-reference>
<site title="Absceso dental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001060.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001060.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alveolo seco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000780.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000780.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amalgama dental" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/amalgam_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Amelogénesis imperfecta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001578.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anatomía del diente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002214.htm">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boca de meta" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/meth_mouth_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bruxismo" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/el-bruxismo" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/bruxism">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bruxismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001413.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001413.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bruxismo (apretar y rechinar de dientes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bruxism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bruxism.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coronas dentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007631.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007631.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar cuidados dentales" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/como-encontrar-cuidados-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/FindingDentalCare/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diabetes, enfermedad de las encías y otros problemas dentales" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/diabetes/informacion-general/prevenir-problemas/boca" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/gum-disease-dental-problems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diente impactado" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001057.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001057.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dientes de colores anormales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003065.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dientes muy espaciados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003063.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolor de muelas: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/art-20056628?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-toothache/basics/ART-20056628?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dolores de muelas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003067.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003067.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extracción del diente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007630.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007630.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Forma anormal de los dientes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003064.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractura o caída de un diente por un golpe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000058.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000058.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario (de términos dentales)" url="https://www.mouthhealthy.org/es-MX/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Identificación de la placa dental en el hogar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los trastornos dentales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-bucales-y-dentales/trastornos-dentales/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-dentales" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/tooth-disorders/overview-of-tooth-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muelas del juicio (cordales)" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/wisdom_teeth_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Muelas del juicio retenidas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wisdom-teeth/symptoms-causes/syc-20373808?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wisdom-teeth/symptoms-causes/syc-20373808?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Lesiones en los dientes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas de los dientes" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-dientes/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/tooth-problems/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografías dentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003801.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X panorámicos" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/panoramic-xray" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/panoramic-xray">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rechinar o apretar los dientes" url="https://www.cda.org/wp-content/uploads/grinding_spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Dental de California</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Retraso o ausencia en la formación de los dientes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003061.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003061.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de conductos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007275.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007275.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usar blanqueadores dentales durante el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-whitening-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos mentales abarcan una amplia gama de problemas. Existen muchas causas de las enfermedades mentales. Infórmese aquí." title="Trastornos mentales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html" id="5677" language="Spanish" date-created="11/02/2010">
<also-called>Enfermedades mentales</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los trastornos mentales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos mentales (o enfermedades mentales) son afecciones que impactan su pensamiento, sentimientos, estado de ánimo y comportamiento. Pueden ocurrir en un corto período de tiempo o aparecer y desaparecer. Algunos pueden ser crónicos (de larga duración). Pueden afectar su capacidad de relacionarse con los demás y funcionar cada día.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son algunos tipos de trastornos mentales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos diferentes de trastornos mentales. Algunos comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;Trastornos de ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html"&gt;trastorno de pánico&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html"&gt;trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html"&gt;fobias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;Depresión&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;trastorno bipolar&lt;/a&gt; y otros &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html"&gt;trastornos del estado de ánimo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos de la alimentación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos de la personalidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099"&gt;Trastorno de estrés post-traumático (TEPT)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psychoticdisorders.html"&gt;Trastornos psicóticos&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html"&gt;esquizofrenia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa los trastornos mentales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No hay una sola causa para un trastorno mental. Varios factores pueden contribuir al riesgo de sufrirlo, por ejemplo:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus genes y su historia familiar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su experiencia de vida, como el estrés o si ha sufrido de abuso, en especial durante la infancia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Factores biológicos como desequilibrios químicos en el cerebro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;lesión cerebral traumática&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Exposición prenatal (antes de nacer) a algún &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html"&gt;químicos tóxicos&lt;/a&gt; u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"&gt;otras sustancias como el alcohol y las drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consumo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener una enfermedad seria como el cáncer&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener pocos amigos y sentirse solo o aislado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos mentales no son causados por falta de carácter. No tienen nada que ver con ser flojo o débil.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastornos mentales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos mentales son comunes. Muchos estadounidenses serán diagnosticados con algún trastorno mental en algún momento de su vida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos mentales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los pasos para obtener un diagnóstico incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Un examen físico y posiblemente pruebas de laboratorio, si su profesional de salud piensa que otras afecciones médicas podrían estar causando sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/"&gt;evaluación psicológica&lt;/a&gt; en la cual responderá preguntas sobre sus pensamientos, sentimientos y conducta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos de los trastornos mentales?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del trastorno mental que usted tenga y qué tan grave sea. Junto a su profesional de la salud trabajarán en un plan de tratamiento solo para usted. Por lo general, implica algún tipo de terapia. También puede tomar medicamentos. Algunas personas también necesitan apoyo social y educación para manejar su afección.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, es posible que necesite un tratamiento más intensivo. Si su trastorno mental es grave o tiene riesgo de hacerse daño a usted o a alguien más, es posible que deba ir a un hospital psiquiátrico. En el hospital, recibirá consejería, discusiones grupales y actividades con profesionales de salud mental y otros pacientes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html" id="5676" language="English">Mental Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/compulsivegambling.html" id="4309">Adicción a los juegos de azar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html" id="1752">Ansiedad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html" id="6092">Autolesión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html" id="5563">Delirio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html" id="1848">Depresión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html" id="2136">Esquizofrenia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html" id="2089">Fobias</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html" id="2034">Salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html" id="7428">Salud mental de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" id="3638">Salud mental del adolescente</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" id="3163">Salud mental del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html" id="2178">Suicidio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html" id="1772">Trastorno bipolar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="2099">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html" id="2076">Trastorno de pánico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html" id="2060">Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html" id="1877">Trastornos de la alimentación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html" id="4118">Trastornos de la personalidad</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html" id="6064">Trastornos del estado de ánimo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psychoticdisorders.html" id="4181">Trastornos psicóticos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mentales, Enfermedades</see-reference>
<site title="Ayuda para la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/ayuda-para-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cambiando la manera en que pensamos acerca de la salud mental" url="https://mhanational.org/antesdelaetapa4-cambiando-la-manera-en-que-pensamos-acerca-de-la-salud-mental">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cambie de opinión acerca de la salud mental" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/mental-health/cambie?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cleptomanía" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/kleptomania/symptoms-causes/syc-20364732?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kleptomania/symptoms-causes/syc-20364732?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo superar el estigma de las enfermedades mentales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health/art-20046477?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health/ART-20046477?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad mental" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos clínicos: Información para los participantes" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials/estudios-clinicos-informacion-para-los-participantes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos de investigación clínica y usted" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-ensayos-de-investigacion-clinica-y-usted-preguntas-y-respuestas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/clinical-research-trials-and-you-questions-and-answers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infórmese (sobre los factores de riesgo y síntomas de una enfermedad mental)" url="https://mhanational.org/antesdelaetapa4-informese">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lo que las personas en recuperación necesitan saber sobre el bienestar" url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma16-4950spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/sma16-4950.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtenga ayuda (enfermedad mental)" url="https://mhanational.org/antesdelaetapa4-obtenga-ayuda">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proveedores de atención de la salud mental: consejos para encontrar uno" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/art-20045530?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/mental-health-providers/ART-20045530?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental de las personas mayores: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental del adolescente: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental del niño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental en la comunidad latina" url="https://www.nami.org/Your-Journey/Identity-and-Cultural-Dimensions/Hispanic-Latinx/La-salud-mental-en-la-comunidad-latina/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental: Qué es normal y qué no" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salud mental: Una guía para latinos y sus familias" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOWbQ2w4nGc">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Munchausen por poderes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001555.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntoma somático y trastornos relacionados" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trastornos-somatomorfos-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia electroconvulsiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007474.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia y orientación" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/psicoterapia-cognitiva/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/therapy-and-counseling/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de adaptación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000932.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000932.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373782?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373782?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de ansiedad por enfermedad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001236.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001236.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de despersonalización-desrealización" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depersonalization-derealization-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352911?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depersonalization-derealization-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352911?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno de síntomas somáticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000955.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000955.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno dismórfico corporal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno explosivo intermitente" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intermittent-explosive-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intermittent-explosive-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373921?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno facticio" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356028?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356028?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno funcional neurológico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000954.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000954.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos disociativos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de las enfermedades mentales" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-salud-mental/introducci%C3%B3n-al-cuidado-de-la-salud-mental/tratamiento-de-las-enfermedades-mentales">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El metabolismo transforma en energía los alimentos que come. Un trastorno metabólico causa problemas en este proceso, como la diabetes. Entérese aquí. " title="Trastornos metabólicos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<also-called>Problemas del metabolismo</also-called>
<also-called>Problemas metabólicos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El metabolismo es el proceso que usa el organismo para obtener o producir energía por medio de los alimentos que ingiere. 
La comida está formada por proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Las sustancias químicas del sistema digestivo descomponen las partes de los  alimentos en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible de su cuerpo. El organismo puede utilizar esta energía de inmediato o almacenarla en tejidos corporales, como el hígado, los músculos y la grasa corporal.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Un trastorno metabólico ocurre cuando hay reacciones químicas anormales en el cuerpo que interrumpen este proceso. Cuando esto  pasa, es posible que tenga demasiadas o muy pocas sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para mantenerse saludable. Existen diferentes grupos de trastornos. Algunos afectan la descomposición de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;aminoácidos&lt;/a&gt;, los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;carbohidratos&lt;/a&gt; o los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html"&gt;lípidos&lt;/a&gt;. Otro grupo, las enfermedades mitocondriales, afectan la parte de las células que producen la energía. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Usted puede desarrollar un trastorno metabólico si algunos órganos, como el hígado o el páncreas, se enferman o no funcionan normalmente. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; es un ejemplo. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genética y defectos congénitos</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html" id="1703" language="English">Metabolic Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyloidosis.html" id="5274">Amiloidosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html" id="1802">Enfermedad celíaca</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html" id="1918">Enfermedad de Gaucher</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html" id="2272">Enfermedad de Wilson</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html" id="2087">Fenilcetonuria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html" id="1947">Hemocromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/porphyria.html" id="2098">Porfiria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html" id="3899">Raquitismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html" id="3118">Trastornos cerebrales genéticos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Metabolismo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Metabolopatía congénita</see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001181.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001181.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acidosis metabólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000335.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000335.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcalosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001183.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001183.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anomalía hereditaria del ciclo de la urea" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000372.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000372.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia de origen metabólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000683.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Errores innatos del metabolismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002438.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del recién nacido: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ácido metilmalónico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003565.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del ácido láctico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003507.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gasometría arterial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003855.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003855.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperbilirrubinemia familiar transitoria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001196.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Homocistinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001199.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Metabolismo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/metabolism.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/metabolism.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucolipidosis" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/mucolipidosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/mucolipidoses-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatías metabólicas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001161.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001161.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Olor de la orina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007298.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Panel metabólico completo (PMC)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de lactato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-lactato/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre de galactosa-1-fosfato uridiltransferasa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003636.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seudohipoparatiroidismo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000364.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Crigler-Najjar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001127.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001127.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Lesch-Nyhan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001655.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos metabólicos hereditarios" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/trastornos-metab%C3%B3licos-hereditarios/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-metab%C3%B3licos-hereditarios" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/hereditary-metabolic-disorders/overview-of-hereditary-metabolic-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las enfermedades mitocondriales son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. Las mitocondrias son estructuras que producen energía en casi todas sus células. Más aquí" title="Trastornos mitocondriales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitochondrialdiseases.html" id="6392" language="Spanish" date-created="10/11/2016">
<also-called>Trastornos mitocóndricos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la  comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html"&gt;trastorno metabólicos&lt;/a&gt;, hay un problema en este proceso.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las enfermedades mitocondriales son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. Las mitocondrias son estructuras pequeñas que producen energía en casi todas sus células. Ellas lo hacen mediante la combinación de oxígeno con las moléculas de combustible (azúcares y grasas) que provienen de los alimentos. Cuando las mitocondrias son defectuosas, las células no tienen suficiente energía. Las moléculas de oxígeno y combustible no utilizadas se acumulan en las células, causando daños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de enfermedad mitocondrial pueden variar. Depende de la cantidad de mitocondrias defectuosas y dónde están en el cuerpo. A veces, sólo un órgano, tejido o tipo de célula se ve afectada. Pero a menudo el problema afecta a muchos de ellos. Las células musculares y nerviosas tienen necesidades especialmente altas de energía, por lo que los problemas musculares y neurológicos son comunes. Las enfermedades varían de leves a graves. Algunas de ellas pueden ser fatales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las mutaciones genéticas causan estas enfermedades. Por lo general, ocurren antes de los 20 años, y algunas son más comunes en los bebés. No hay cura para estas enfermedades, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas y retrasar la enfermedad. Ellos pueden incluir terapia física, vitaminas y suplementos, dietas especiales y medicamentos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Problemas del metabolismo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html" id="6391" language="English">Mitochondrial Diseases</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6386">Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html" id="6390">Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html" id="6388">Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html" id="2277">Trastornos metabólicos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mitocondriales, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Anticuerpo antimitocondrial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003529.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de LCHAD" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13052/deficiencia-de-lchad/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Genética del síndrome de Barth" url="https://barthsyndrome.org/file_download/59e2e78a-fb09-4c72-86ae-aae106637929">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Genética</information-category>
<organization>Fundación del Síndrome de Barth</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neuropatía óptica hereditaria de Leber" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13049/neuropatia-optica-hereditaria-de-leber/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Leigh" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12945/sindrome-de-leigh/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de enfermedades con diarrea en pacientes con síndrome de Barth" url="https://barthsyndrome.org/file_download/fe01cb9a-91b3-4a25-a266-b77923e3e216">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación del Síndrome de Barth</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La pleura es una membrana que recubre el exterior de los pulmones y el interior del tórax. Algunos trastornos son pleuresía, derrame pleural, neumotórax. " title="Trastornos pleurales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4628" language="Spanish" date-created="07/16/2008">
<also-called>Trastornos del pleura</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
La pleura es una membrana delgada que recubre el exterior de los pulmones y reviste el interior de la cavidad torácica. Entre las membranas de la pleura existe un pequeño espacio que, normalmente,  está  lleno de una pequeña cantidad de líquido. Éste líquido ayuda a las dos membranas de la pleura a deslizarse suavemente una contra otra cuando los pulmones inhalan y exhalan. 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Los problemas de la pleura incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pleuresía: inflamación de la pleura que causa un dolor agudo al respirar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Derrame pleural: exceso de líquido en la pleura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neumotórax: acumulación de aire o gases en la pleura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hemotórax: acumulación de sangre en la pleura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Los problemas pleurales pueden ser causados por diversas afecciones. Las infecciones virales son una de las causas más comunes. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html"&gt;insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva&lt;/a&gt; es la causa más común del derrame pleural. Las enfermedades de los pulmones como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica&lt;/a&gt; (EPOC), tuberculosis y una lesión pulmonar aguda, causan neumotórax. La causa más  común del hemotórax es una lesión en el pecho. El tratamiento se centra en la eliminación de líquido, aire, sangre del espacio pleural, aliviar los síntomas y el tratamiento de la afección subyacente.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html" id="4627" language="English">Pleural Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html" id="2125">Enfermedades de los pulmones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html" id="3078">Problemas respiratorios</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pleura, Trastornos</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000242.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003624.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-pleural/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pleural-fluid-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia pleural abierta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003863.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia pleural con aguja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003862.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía de pulmón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002956.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002956.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colapso pulmonar (neumotórax)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000087.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000087.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colapso pulmonar: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collapsedlung.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003725.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo funcionan los pulmones" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derrame pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000086.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000086.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Derrame pleural maligno" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq#_210" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_210">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Empiema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000123.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000123.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen citológico del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003866.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003866.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frotis de líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003721.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003721.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemotórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000126.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000126.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de sonda pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002947.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002947.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inserción de una sonda torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100008_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100008_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neumotórax" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleuresía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001371.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001371.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pleuresía (pleuritis)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/pleuresia-pleuritis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pleurisy-pleuritis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética del tórax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003794.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003794.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes cardiopulmonares (PDQ)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/cardiopulmonares-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/cardiopulmonary-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción de Gram del líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003722.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003722.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toracocentesis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003420.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003420.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos pleurales y del mediastino" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-del-pulm%C3%B3n-y-las-v%C3%ADas-respiratorias/trastornos-pleurales-y-del-mediastino/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-pleurales-y-del-mediastino">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor pleural metastásico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000117.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000117.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los trastornos psicóticos son problemas mentales graves que causan ideas y percepciones anormales, perdiendo el contacto con la realidad. Síntomas. " title="Trastornos psicóticos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psychoticdisorders.html" id="4181" language="Spanish" date-created="02/03/2006">
<also-called>Psicosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los trastornos psicóticos son trastornos mentales graves que causan ideas y percepciones anormales. Las personas con psicosis pierden el contacto con la realidad. Dos de los síntomas principales son delirios y alucinaciones. Los delirios son falsas creencias, tales como la idea de que alguien está en su contra o que la televisión les envía mensajes secretos. Las alucinaciones son percepciones falsas, como escuchar, ver o sentir algo que no existe. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html"&gt;esquizofrenia&lt;/a&gt; es un tipo de trastorno psicótico. Quienes sufren de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html"&gt;trastorno bipolar&lt;/a&gt; también pueden tener síntomas psicóticos. Otros problemas que pueden causar psicosis son: el alcohol y ciertos medicamentos, tumores cerebrales, infecciones del cerebro y un ataque cerebrovascular (ACV). &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende de la causa de la psicosis. Puede incluir fármacos para el control de los síntomas y psicoterapia. La hospitalización es una opción para los casos serios en los que una persona puede ser peligrosa para sí misma o para los demás. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealthandbehavior.html" id="5">Salud mental y conducta</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/psychoticdisorders.html" id="4180" language="English">Psychotic Disorders</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIMH">Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html" id="2136">Esquizofrenia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html" id="5677">Trastornos mentales</related-topic>
<site title="Alucinaciones" url="https://www.alz.org/ayuda-y-apoyo/cuidado/comportamientos/alucinaciones?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Alzheimer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alucinaciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003258.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender qué es la psicosis" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-comprender-que-es-la-psicosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/understanding-psychosis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Delirio" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/efectos-secundarios/delirio" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/delirium">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Depresión grave con características psicóticas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000933.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000933.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="En búsqueda de ayuda: Cómo elegir un psicoterapeuta" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/elegir?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Entendiendo la psicoterapia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/psychotherapy/entendiendo-la-psicoterapia?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esquizofrenia: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación del estado mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003326.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003326.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Psicosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001553.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001553.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psicosis reactiva breve" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001529.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001529.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Terapia electroconvulsiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007474.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007474.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno esquizoafectivo" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastorno esquizoafectivo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000930.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000930.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos psicóticos inducidos por sustancias o medicamentos" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-de-la-salud-mental/esquizofrenia-y-trastornos-relacionados/trastornos-psic%C3%B3ticos-inducidos-por-sustancias-o-medicamentos" language-mapped-url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders/substance-and-medication-induced-psychotic-disorders">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El tratamiento para el uso indebido y la adicción de opioides incluye medicinas, consejería y asesoramiento, terapia asistida por medicamentos, terapia conductual y tratamiento residencial y hospitalario." title="Tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7130" language="Spanish" date-created="09/04/2018">
<also-called>Tratamiento para el abuso y adicción de opioides</also-called>
<also-called>Tratamiento para el abuso y adicción de opiáceos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos u opiáceos, son un tipo de 
droga. Incluyen fuertes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; recetados como oxicodona, 
hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. La droga ilegal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html"&gt;heroína&lt;/a&gt; también es un 
opioide. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud puede recetar un opioide para reducir el 
dolor después de haber tenido una lesión seria o una cirugía. Puede 
obtenerlos si tiene un dolor intenso debido a problemas de salud como el 
cáncer. Algunos proveedores los recetan para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los opioides recetados que se usan para aliviar el dolor son 
seguros cuando se toman por un período breve y siguiendo las instrucciones de 
su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, el &lt;topic id="6432" linktext="trastorno por consumo de opioides
sigue siendo un posible riesgo"&gt;.&lt;/topic&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el trastorno por consumo de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El trastorno por consumo de opioides significa que usted tiene un patrón 
problemático de consumo de opioides. Este patrón causa mucha angustia y 
discapacidad (es decir, causa problemas e interfiere con su vida diaria). En vez 
de trastorno por consumo de opioides, a veces las personas lo llaman 
"dependencia de opioides" y "adicción a opioides". La dependencia significa 
tener síntomas de abstinencia cuando no se está consumiendo la droga. La 
adicción es una enfermedad cerebral crónica que hace que una persona busque 
drogas compulsivamente, aunque causen daño.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de 
opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los tratamientos para trastorno por consumo de opioides incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos: Este tipo de tratamiento se conoce como medicamentos 
para el trastorno por consumo de opioides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consejería y terapias conductuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratamiento residencial y hospitalario&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué medicamentos tratan el trastorno por consumo de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos utilizados en el tratamiento para trastorno por consumo 
de opioides son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Metadona, buprenorfina y lofexidina&lt;/strong&gt;: Pueden 
disminuir los síntomas de abstinencia y los deseos de consumir droga. 
Funcionan actuando sobre uno u otro de los receptores de opioides del cerebro. 
Pero estos medicamentos son diferentes porque no le hacen sentir drogado. A 
algunas personas les preocupa que, si toman metadona o buprenorfina, 
significa que están sustituyendo una adicción por otra. Pero no es así. Estos 
medicamentos son un tratamiento. Restauran el equilibrio de las partes del 
cerebro afectadas por la adicción. Esto permite que su cerebro sane mientras 
trabaja para recuperarse.
Puede tomar estos medicamentos de manera segura durante meses, años o 
incluso toda la vida. Si desea dejar de tomarlos, no lo haga por su cuenta. 
Primero debe hablar con su profesional de la salud y juntos elaborar un plan 
para tratar la adicción&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Naltrexona&lt;/strong&gt;: Funciona de manera diferente a la 
metadona y la buprenorfina. No ayuda con los síntomas de abstinencia o los 
antojos. En cambio, elimina el efecto agradable que causa consumir opioides. 
Esto significa que se toma naltrexona para prevenir una recaída, pero no como 
tratamiento para dejar los opioides. Debe dejar los opioides durante al menos 7 
a 10 días antes de poder tomar naltrexona. De lo contrario, podría tener 
síntomas de abstinencia graves&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un &lt;strong&gt;medicamento combinado&lt;/strong&gt; que incluye 
buprenorfina y naloxona: La naloxona es un medicamento para tratar una 
sobredosis de opioides. Si lo toma junto con buprenorfina, será menos probable 
que haga un mal uso de la buprenorfina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo ayuda la consejería a tratar el trastorno por consumo de 
opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La consejería para trastorno por consumo de opioides puede ayudar a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambiar su actitud y comportamiento relacionado con el consumo de 
drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Desarrollar habilidades para una vida sana&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Continuar con otras formas de tratamiento, como medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de consejería para el tratamiento por consumo de 
opioides, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consejería individual&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede incluir establecer 
metas, hablar sobre retrocesos y celebrar avances. También puede incluir tratar 
inquietudes legales y problemas familiares. La consejería a menudo incluye 
terapias conductuales específicas, como:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia cognitiva-conductual&lt;/strong&gt;: Ayuda a reconocer y 
eliminar patrones negativos de pensamiento y comportamiento. Enseña 
capacidades para lidiar con problemas, incluyendo cómo controlar el estrés y 
cambiar los pensamientos que hacen que usted desee usar en forma indebida 
los opioides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terapia de estímulo de la motivación&lt;/strong&gt;: Ayuda a 
aumentar la motivación para cumplir con su plan de tratamiento&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manejo de contingencias&lt;/strong&gt;: Se enfoca en entregar 
incentivos para una buena conducta con el fin de mantenerle alejado de los 
opioides &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consejería grupal&lt;/strong&gt;: Puede ayudarle a sentir que no 
está solo con sus problemas. Entrega la oportunidad de escuchar sobre las 
dificultades y los éxitos de otros que tienen los mismos desafíos. Esto puede 
ayudarle a aprender nuevas formas de lidiar con las situaciones que enfrenta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asesoramiento familiar&lt;/strong&gt;: Incluye parejas o cónyuges 
y otros familiares que están cerca de usted. Puede ayudar a reparar y mejorar 
sus relaciones familiares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los consejeros también pueden referirlo a otros recursos que pueda 
necesitar, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Grupos de apoyo entre pares, incluyendo programas de 12 pasos como 
Narcóticos Anónimos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Grupos espirituales y basados en la fe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/"&gt;Pruebas de VIH&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/"&gt;detección de hepatitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manejos de casos o cuidados de salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apoyo laboral o educacional&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organizaciones que ayudan a encontrar alojamiento o transporte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Organizaciones que lo ayudan a encontrar vivienda o transporte&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos residenciales y hospitalarios para el 
trastorno por consumo de opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los programas residenciales combinan servicios de vivienda y tratamiento. 
Usted vive con sus compañeros de casa y pueden apoyarse mutuamente para 
seguir con su rehabilitación. Los programas hospitalarios para pacientes 
internados combinan servicios de atención médica y tratamiento de trastorno 
por consumo de opioides para personas con problemas médicos. Los hospitales 
también pueden brindar tratamiento ambulatorio intensivo. Todos estos tipos 
de tratamientos son muy estructurados, y en general incluyen varios tipos 
diferentes de consejería y terapias conductuales. También suelen incluir 
medicamentos para el tratamiento de trastorno por consumo de opioides.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html" id="7129" language="English">Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html" id="6432">Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html" id="7110">Sobredosis de opioides</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="2278">Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados</related-topic>
<see-reference>Opioides, Tratamiento para abuso</see-reference>
<site title="&quot;Elegí subir en lugar de caer&quot;: La historia de una mujer sobre el trastorno por consumo de opioides y su participación en un ensayo clínico de los los NIH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/eligi-subir-en-lugar-de-caer" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/i-choose-to-climb-instead-of-fall">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Control del dolor: Más allá de los opioides" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/control-del-dolor" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/10/managing-pain">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la naloxona salva vidas por sobredosis de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo obtener la ayuda correcta para tratar la dependencia o abstinencia de opiáceos" url="https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/s0223-como-obtener-la-ayuda-correcta-para-tratar-la-dependencia-o-abstinencia-de-opiaceos">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Comisión Federal de Comercio</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para el tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/serie-de-reportes/medicamentos-para-el-tratamiento-del-trastorno-por-consumo-de-opioides/panorama-general" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/overview">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La mayoría de las personas con un trastorno por consumo de alcohol pueden encontrar alguna forma de tratamiento que les ayude." title="Tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html" id="6622" language="Spanish" date-created="09/27/2017">
<also-called>Tratamiento del alcoholismo</also-called>
<also-called>Tratamiento para el abuso de alcohol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un trastorno por consumo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt; consiste en la angustia y el daño que causa beber alcohol. Es una afección médica en la que usted:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Bebe alcohol en forma compulsiva&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No puede controlar cuánto bebe&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Se siente ansioso, irritable y/o estresado cuando no está bebiendo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Estos trastornos pueden variar de leves a graves, según sus síntomas. En ocasiones, el trastorno por consumo de alcohol severo se llama alcoholismo o dependencia del alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno para el consumo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con trastorno por consumo de alcohol pueden encontrar ayuda con alguna forma de tratamiento. Estos incluyen medicamentos y terapias conductuales. Muchas personas obtienen un mejor resultado recibiendo ambos tratamientos. Las personas que reciben tratamiento por trastorno por consumo de alcohol también pueden beneficiarse al asistir a un grupo de apoyo como Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA). Si usted tiene el trastorno y una enfermedad mental, es importante conseguir tratamiento para ambos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas pueden necesitar un tratamiento intensivo para este trastorno. Por ejemplo, pueden internarse en un centro de tratamiento de rehabilitación  residencial, donde el tratamiento es altamente estructurado. En general, incluye varios tipos diferentes de terapias conductuales. También puede incluir medicamentos para la desintoxicación (un tratamiento médico para la abstinencia de alcohol) y/o para tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué medicamentos pueden tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tres medicamentos están aprobados para tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disulfiram:&lt;/strong&gt; Causa síntomas desagradables como náuseas y enrojecimiento de la piel cada vez que bebe alcohol. Saber que beber causará estos efectos desagradables puede ayudar a mantenerlo alejado del alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Naltrexona:&lt;/strong&gt; Bloquea los receptores en el cerebro que le hacen sentir bien cuando bebe alcohol. También puede reducir sus ansias por beber. Esto puede ayudarle a reducir su consumo de alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acamprosato:&lt;/strong&gt; Ayuda a evitar el alcohol después de haber dejado de beber. Funciona en múltiples sistemas cerebrales para reducir sus ansias, especialmente justo después de haber dejado de beber&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Su médico le puede ayudar a determinar si uno de estos medicamentos es adecuado para usted. No son adictivos, por lo que no tiene que preocuparse por reemplazar una adicción por otra. Si bien no son una cura, pueden ayudarle a manejar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol. Es similar a tomar medicamentos para manejar una enfermedad crónica, como el asma o la diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué terapias conductuales pueden tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otro nombre para las terapias conductuales es asesoramiento o consejería sobre el alcohol. Se trata de trabajar con un profesional de la salud para identificar y ayudar a cambiar los comportamientos que conducen a su consumo excesivo de alcohol.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia cognitivo-conductual&lt;/strong&gt; ayuda a identificar los sentimientos y situaciones que pueden conducir a un consumo excesivo de alcohol. Enseña habilidades para enfrentarlo, incluyendo cómo manejar el estrés y cómo cambiar los pensamientos que le llevan a querer beber. Usted puede recibir la terapia uno-a-uno con un terapeuta o en grupos pequeños&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;terapia de mejora motivacional&lt;/strong&gt; (o terapia de estímulo de la motivación) ayuda a construir y fortalecer la motivación para cambiar su hábito de beber. Incluye alrededor de cuatro sesiones en un corto período de tiempo. La terapia comienza con la identificación de los pros y los contras de buscar tratamiento. Luego, usted y su terapeuta trabajan en la creación de un plan para cambiar su hábito. Las próximas sesiones se centran en aumentar su confianza y desarrollar las habilidades que necesita para poder cumplir con el plan&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;consejería matrimonial y familiar&lt;/strong&gt; incluye a los cónyuges y otros miembros de la familia. Puede ayudar a reparar y mejorar sus relaciones familiares. Los estudios demuestran que un apoyo familiar fuerte a través de esta terapia puede ayudarle a mantenerse lejos del alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;intervenciones breves&lt;/strong&gt; son sesiones de consejería cortas, individuales o en grupos pequeños. Incluyen entre una a cuatro sesiones. El consejero le entrega información sobre su patrón de consumo y riesgos potenciales. El consejero trabaja con usted para establecer metas y proporcionar ideas que pueden ayudarle a hacer un cambio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Es efectivo el tratamiento para el trastorno por uso de alcohol?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las personas, el tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol es útil. Pero superarlo es un proceso continuo y usted puede tener una recaída, como se le llama a empezar a beber de nuevo. Usted debe mirar la recaída como un retroceso temporal y seguir trabajando en su proceso de rehabilitación. Muchas personas tratan repetidamente de reducir o dejar de beber, tienen un revés, y luego tratar de dejar el alcohol de nuevo. Tener una recaída no significa que no pueda recuperarse. Si la tiene, es importante volver al tratamiento de inmediato, para que pueda aprender qué la desencadenó y mejorar sus habilidades de superación. Esto puede ayudarle a tener más éxito la próxima vez.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html" id="6621" language="English">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAAA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Alcohol, Tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de</see-reference>
<site title="Abstinencia alcohólica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000764.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000764.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acamprosato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a604028-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604028.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayudar a un ser querido que tiene problemas con la bebida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000815.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000815.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo dejar de beber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000857.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000857.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos y estadísticas sobre el alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/datos-y-estadisticas-sobre-el-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Decidirse a abandonar el alcohol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000523.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Disulfiram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a682602-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682602.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intervención: Ayuda a un ser querido a superar una adicción" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/art-20047451?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/in-depth/intervention/ART-20047451?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos para tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol" url="https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/alcohol-misuse-drug-therapy/espanol">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Naltrexona inyectable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a609007-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a609007.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Naltrexona para el alcoholismo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/naltrexona-para-el-alcoholismo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/naltrexone-for-alcoholism/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos por consumo de alcohol y su tratamiento" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/substance-use-abuse-addiction/alcohol?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/topics/substance-use-abuse-addiction/alcohol-disorders?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del alcoholismo: Cómo buscar y obtener ayuda" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/treatment-alcohol-problems-finding-and-getting-help-spanish" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/treatment-alcohol-problems-finding-and-getting-help">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Traumatic brain injury or TBI happens when a bump, blow, or other head injury causes damage to the brain. Treatment and outcome depend on how severe." title="Traumatic Brain Injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="271" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<also-called>Acquired brain injury</also-called>
<also-called>TBI</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is traumatic brain injury (TBI)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury that causes damage to the brain. It may happen when there is a blow, bump, or jolt to the head. This is a closed head injury. A TBI can also happen when an object penetrates the skull. This is a penetrating injury.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html"&gt;Concussions&lt;/a&gt; are a type of mild TBI. The effects of a concussion can sometimes be serious, but most people completely recover in time. More severe TBI can lead to serious physical and psychological symptoms, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html"&gt;coma&lt;/a&gt;, and even death.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes traumatic brain injury (TBI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main causes of TBI depend on the type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html"&gt;head injury&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some of the common causes of a closed head injury include 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;Falls&lt;/a&gt;. This is the most common cause in adults age 65 and older.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Motor vehicle crashes. This is the most common cause in young adults.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;Sports injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Being struck by an object&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html"&gt;Child abuse&lt;/a&gt;. This is the most common cause in children under age 4.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Blast injuries due to explosions&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some of the common causes of a penetrating injury include 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Being hit by a bullet or shrapnel&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Being hit by a weapon such as a hammer, knife, or baseball bat&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A head injury that causes a bone fragment to penetrate the skull&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some accidents such as explosions, natural disasters, or other extreme events can cause both closed and penetrating TBI in the same person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain groups are at higher risk of TBI:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Men are more likely to get a TBI than women. They are also more likely to have serious TBI.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Adults aged 65 and older are at the greatest risk for being hospitalized and dying from a TBI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of TBI depend on the type of injury and how serious the brain damage is.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of &lt;strong&gt;mild TBI&lt;/strong&gt; can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A brief loss of consciousness in some cases. However, many people with mild TBI remain conscious after the injury.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Confusion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lightheadedness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blurred vision or tired eyes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ringing in the ears&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bad taste in the mouth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatigue&lt;/a&gt; or lethargy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A change in sleep patterns&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Behavioral or mood changes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have a moderate or severe TBI, you may have those same symptoms. You may also have other symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A headache that gets worse or does not go away&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Repeated &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomiting or nausea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Convulsions or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html"&gt;seizures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not being able to wake up from sleep&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Larger than normal pupil (dark center) of one or both eyes. This is called dilation of the pupil.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slurred speech&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of coordination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have a head injury or other trauma that may have caused a TBI, you need to get medical care as soon as possible. To make a diagnosis, your health care provider:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will ask about your symptoms and the details of your injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Will do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/"&gt;neurologic exam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, such as a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html"&gt;CT scan&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html"&gt;MRI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May use a tool such as the Glasgow coma scale to determine how severe the TBI is. This scale measures your ability to open your eyes, speak, and move.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May do neuropsychological tests to check how your brain is functioning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatments for TBI depend on many factors, including the size, severity, and location of the brain injury.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For mild TBI&lt;/strong&gt;, the main treatment is rest. If you have a headache, you can try taking over-the-counter &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;. It is important to follow your health care provider's instructions for complete rest and a gradual return to your normal activities. If you start doing too much too soon, it may take longer to recover. Contact your provider if your symptoms are not getting better or if you have new symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For moderate to severe TBI&lt;/strong&gt;, the first thing health care providers will do is stabilize you to prevent further injury. They will manage your blood pressure, check the pressure inside your skull, and make sure that there is enough blood and oxygen getting to your brain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once you are stable, the treatments may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; to reduce additional damage to your brain, for example to
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Remove hematomas (clotted blood)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Get rid of damaged or dead brain tissue&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Repair skull fractures&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Relieve pressure in the skull&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt; to treat the symptoms of TBI and to lower some of the risks associated with it, such as
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Anti-anxiety medication to lessen feelings of nervousness and fear&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;Anticoagulants&lt;/a&gt; to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;blood clots&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Anticonvulsants to prevent seizures&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;Antidepressants&lt;/a&gt; to treat symptoms of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and mood instability&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Muscle relaxants to reduce muscle spasms&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Stimulants to increase alertness and attention&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html"&gt;Rehabilitation therapies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which can include therapies for physical, emotional, and cognitive difficulties:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Physical therapy, to build physical strength, coordination, and flexibility&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Occupational therapy, to help you learn or relearn how to perform daily tasks, such as getting dressed, cooking, and bathing&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Speech therapy, to help you to with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;speech and other communication&lt;/a&gt; skills and treat &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html"&gt;swallowing disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Psychological counseling, to help you learn coping skills, work on relationships, and improve your emotional well-being&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Vocational counseling, which focuses on your ability to return to work and deal with workplace challenges&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cognitive therapy, to improve your memory, attention, perception, learning, planning, and judgment&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people with TBI may have permanent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disabilities&lt;/a&gt;. A TBI can also put you at risk for other health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt;, depression, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt;. Treating these problems can improve your quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can traumatic brain injury (TBI) be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to prevent head injuries and TBIs:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Always wear your seatbelt and use car seats and booster seats for children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Never drive &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impaireddriving.html"&gt;under the influence of drugs or alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear a properly fitting helmet when riding a bicycle, skateboarding, and playing sports like hockey and football&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevent falls by
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Making your house safer. For example, you can install railings on the stairs and grab bars in the tub, get rid of tripping hazards, and use window guards and stair safety gates for young children.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Improving your balance and strength with regular physical activity&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html" id="1930" language="Spanish">Lesión cerebral traumática</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000070642">Brain Injuries, Traumatic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/traumaticbraininjury.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html" id="5559">Coma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html" id="4867">Concussion</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html" id="5825">Head Injuries</related-topic>
<see-reference>TBI</see-reference>
<site title="About Moderate and Severe TBI" url="https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/about/moderate-severe-tbi.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shaken.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/shaken.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood-based Biomarker Can Detect, Predict Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/blood-based-biomarker-can-detect-predict-severity-traumatic-brain-injury">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain Basics: The Life and Death of a Neuron" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-life-and-death-neuron">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain components" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Brain herniation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brain injury - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000163.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000163.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/cerebral-contusions-and-lacerations" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/traumatismos-craneales/contusiones-y-laceraciones-cerebrales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral Hypoxia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms#cerebral%20hypoxia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/hipoxia-cerebral">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cerebral hypoxia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001435.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic subdural hematoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000781.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000781.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Injuries, Traumatic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Brain+Injuries,+Traumatic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CPK isoenzymes test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003504.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003504.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF leak" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="EEG" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003931.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003931.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Epidural hematoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001412.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001412.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts About TBI" url="https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/data-research/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Physician" url="https://members.aapmr.org/AAPMR/AAPMR_FINDER.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Functional MRI (fMRI)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head CT" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Head CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003786.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003786.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head injury - first aid" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000028.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000028.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Head Trauma: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/ART-20056626?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-head-trauma/basics/art-20056626?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo/diagnose" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intracranial Hematoma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/intracranial-hematoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20356145?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intracranial pressure monitoring" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003411.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing TBI" url="https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic brain injury" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain+Injuries%2C+Traumatic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Shaken Baby Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/shaken-baby-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sindrome-del-bebe-sacudido">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Shaken Baby Syndrome" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/shaken-baby-syndrome">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Shaken baby syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007578.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007578.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skull x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subdural hematoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000713.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000713.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="TBI Data" url="https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/data-research/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="TBI Resources for Service Members, Patients, Families, and Caregivers" url="https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Centers-of-Excellence/Traumatic-Brain-Injury-Center-of-Excellence/Patient-and-Family-Resources">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/traumatic-brain-injury-tbi" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/lesion-cerebral-traumatica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/tbi/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un traumatismo de médula espinal es una urgencia médica. El tratamiento inmediato puede disminuir los efectos a largo plazo. Entérese aquí." title="Traumatismo de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="2164" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su médula espinal es un conjunto de nervios que se extiende por el centro de su espalda. Transmite señales desde y hacia su cuerpo y su cerebro. Un traumatismo de la médula espinal interrumpe estas señales. En general, las lesiones de la médula espinal comienzan con un golpe que &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html"&gt;fractura&lt;/a&gt; (rompe) o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html"&gt;disloca &lt;/a&gt; las vértebras, los discos óseos que forman la columna vertebral. La mayoría de las lesiones no cortan la médula espinal. En cambio, causan daño cuando partes de vértebras rompen el tejido medular o presionan las partes nerviosas que transmiten las señales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las lesiones de la médula espinal pueden ser completas o incompletas. En una lesión completa de médula espinal, la médula no puede transmitir mensajes por debajo del nivel de la lesión. Como consecuencia, el paciente queda &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html"&gt;paralizado&lt;/a&gt; por debajo del nivel del traumatismo. En un traumatismo incompleto, se conservan ciertos movimientos y sensaciones por debajo de la lesión. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una lesión de la médula espinal es una emergencia médica. El tratamiento inmediato puede reducir los efectos a largo plazo. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, aparatos ortopédicos o tracción para estabilizar la columna vertebral; y cirugía. En general, el tratamiento posterior incluye medicamentos y terapia de rehabilitación. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html"&gt;ayudas para la movilidad &lt;/a&gt; y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html"&gt;dispositivos de asistencia&lt;/a&gt; pueden ayudarle a moverse y realizar algunas tareas diarias.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html" id="411" language="English">Spinal Cord Injuries</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NINDS">Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html" id="2077">Parálisis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Médula espinal, Traumatismo</see-reference>
<site title="Autosondaje en hombres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autosondaje en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda permanente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidado de sonda suprapúbica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estimulación de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007560.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007560.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fuga del LCR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001068.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001068.htm">
<information-category>Enciclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hiperreflexia autónoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001431.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001431.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Introducción a los trastornos de la médula espinal" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal/introducci%C3%B3n-a-los-trastornos-de-la-m%C3%A9dula-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/overview-of-spinal-cord-disorders">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesiones de la médula espinal: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20377890?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20377890?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión de columna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000029.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lesión de médula espinal: Esperanza a través de la investigación" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/lesion-de-medula-espinal-esperanza-traves-de-la-investigacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/patient-caregiver-education/hope-through-research/spinal-cord-injury-hope-through-research">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lesión en la columna vertebral: Primeros auxilios" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-spinal-injury/basics/art-20056677?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-spinal-injury/basics/ART-20056677?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mielografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/myelography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=myelography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Programa de cuidado diario del intestino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000133.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la región lumbar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007352.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007352.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN de la columna vertebral" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/spinemr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/spinemr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema nervioso central: Cerebro (encéfalo) y médula espinal (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/central-nervous-system.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/central-nervous-system.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sondas vesicales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada de la columna dorsal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007442.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007442.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatismo de la médula espinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001066.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001066.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para una lesión de la médula espinal?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinalinjury/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se diagnostica una lesión de la médula espinal?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinalinjury/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una lesión de la médula espinal?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/spinalinjury/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Traveling can increase your chances of getting sick. Learn what you need to do to protect yourself before you take off and during your trip." title="Traveler's Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html" id="444" language="English" date-created="09/02/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Traveling can increase your chances of getting sick. A long flight can increase your risk for deep vein thrombosis. Once you arrive, it takes time to adjust to the water, food, and air in another place. Water in developing countries can contain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html"&gt;parasites&lt;/a&gt; that cause stomach upset and diarrhea. Be safe by using only bottled or purified water for drinking, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth. If you use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;Food poisoning&lt;/a&gt; can also be a risk. Eat only food that is fully cooked and served hot.  Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you are traveling out of the country, you might also need vaccinations or medicines to prevent specific illnesses. Which ones you need will depend on what part of the world you're visiting, the time of year, your age, overall health status, and previous vaccinations. See your doctor 4 to 6 weeks before your trip. Most vaccines take time to become effective. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html" id="2204" language="Spanish">Salud del viajero</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D064870">Air Travel</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014195">Travel</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="فارسی" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Farsi">Farsi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/travelershealth.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html" id="6095">Barotrauma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html" id="3056">Gastroenteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html" id="315">Malaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html" id="3106">Motion Sickness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html" id="482">Parasitic Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html" id="6342">Zika Virus</related-topic>
<see-reference>Jet Lag</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tropical Medicine</see-reference>
<site title="Acute mountain sickness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000133.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Air Travel Health Tips" url="https://familydoctor.org/air-travel-health-tips/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-de-salud-relacionados-con-los-viajes-en-avion/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Jet Lag Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Jet+Lag+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ear - blocked at high altitudes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002077.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear barotrauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001064.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ears and Altitude (Barotrauma)" url="https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/ears-and-altitude-barotrauma/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flu Prevention: Information for Travelers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/travelersfacts/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/school-business/travelersfacts.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flying and Your Child's Ears" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flying-ears.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/flying-ears.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Swelling during Air Travel: A Concern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/edema/expert-answers/foot-swelling/faq-20057828?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="International Travel: Tips for Staying Healthy" url="https://familydoctor.org/international-travel-tips-for-staying-healthy/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/viaje-internacional-consejos-para-mantenerse-saludable/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jet Lag Disorder" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Jet lag prevention" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000719.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000719.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Motion Sickness: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/ART-20056697?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-motion-sickness/basics/art-20056697?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Planning for Parasitic Diseases when Travelling" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/travelers/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and travel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000608.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect against Mosquito Bites when Traveling" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traveler's Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Air+Travel%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Travel%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Staying Healthy While You Travel (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/family-travel.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/family-travel.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travel during Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/travel-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveler's Diarrhea" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea" language-mapped-url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/travelers-diarrhea-es">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveler's diarrhea diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002433.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002433.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveler's guide to avoiding infectious diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001925.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001925.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Air Quality and Ionizing Radiation" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/air-quality-and-ionizing-radiation">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Cruise Ship Travel" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/air-land-sea/cruise-ship-travel">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Destinations" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Extremes of Temperature" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/extremes-of-temperature">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Immunocompromised Travelers" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/additional-considerations/immunocompromised-travelers">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Injury and Trauma" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/injury-and-trauma">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: International Adoption" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/international-adoption">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Mosquitoes, Ticks, and Other Arthropods" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/mosquitoes-ticks-and-other-arthropods">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Senior Citizens" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/senior-citizens">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Travel and Breastfeeding" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/breastfeeding">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Travel Health Kits" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/travel-health-kits">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Traveling Safely with Infants and Children" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/infants-and-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Vaccine Recommendations for Infants and Children" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/family/vaccine-recommendations-for-infants-and-children">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Zoonotic Exposures -- Bites, Stings, Scratches, and Other Hazards" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/zoonotic-exposures-bites-stings-scratches-and-other-hazards">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002427.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002427.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacation health care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001937.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001937.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccinations and Older Adults" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/immunizations-and-vaccines/vaccinations-and-older-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vacunas/vacunas-personas-mayores">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Visiting Friends or Relatives" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/vfr">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Health Abroad" url="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/before-you-go/your-health-abroad.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus: Recommendations for Travelers and People Living Abroad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/travel/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/travel/recomendaciones-para-las-personas-que-viajan-y-las-personas-que-viven-en-el-extranjero.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tremors are unintentional trembling or shaking movements in one or more parts of the body. Read about the types, such as essential tremor, and causes." title="Tremor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html" id="1315" language="English" date-created="06/28/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is a tremor?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;A tremor is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;neurological condition&lt;/a&gt; that includes shaking or trembling movements in one or more parts of your body. It most often affects the hands. But it can also affect the arms, legs, head, vocal cords, and torso (trunk). A tremor is involuntary, meaning that you cannot control it. It happens because of muscle contractions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A tremor may come and go, or it may be constant. It can happen on its own or be caused by another disorder. It is not life threatening, but it may cause challenges. It can make it hard to do daily life tasks such as writing, typing, eating, and dressing. In some cases, a tremor can even lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disabilities&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of tremor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several types of tremor, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Essential tremor&lt;/strong&gt;, sometimes called benign essential tremor or familial tremor. This is the most common type. It usually affects both your hands and arms while you are moving them. It can also affect your head, voice, or legs. &lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parkinsonian tremor&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a common symptom in people who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;. It usually affects one or both hands when they are at rest, but it can affect the chin, lips, face, and legs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dystonic tremor&lt;/strong&gt;, which happens in people who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html"&gt;dystonia&lt;/a&gt;. Dystonia is a movement disorder in which you have involuntary muscle contractions. The contractions cause you to have twisting and repetitive movements. It can affect any muscle in the body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes tremor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Generally, tremor is caused by a problem in the deep parts of the brain that control movements. For most types, the cause is unknown. Some types are inherited and run in families. There can also be other causes, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Neurologic disorders, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;multiple sclerosis&lt;/a&gt;, Parkinson's disease, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatic brain injury&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html"&gt;asthma&lt;/a&gt; medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html"&gt;chemotherapy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;corticosteroids&lt;/a&gt;, and medicines used for certain psychiatric and neurological disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Alcohol use disorder&lt;/a&gt; (AUD) or alcohol withdrawal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html"&gt;Poisoning&lt;/a&gt; from certain toxic substances, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html"&gt;pesticides&lt;/a&gt; and heavy metals such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html"&gt;mercury&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html"&gt;lead&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;Hyperthyroidism&lt;/a&gt; (overactive thyroid)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Liver or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; failure&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html"&gt;panic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for tremor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get tremor, but it is most common in middle-aged and older adults. For certain types of tremor, having a family history raises your risk of getting it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of tremor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of tremor may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Rhythmic shaking in the hands, arms, head, legs, or torso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shaky voice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Difficulty writing or drawing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems holding and controlling utensils, such as a spoon&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is tremor diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, which includes checking:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Whether the tremor happens when the muscles are at rest or in action&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;The location of the tremor&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;How often you have the tremor and how strong it is&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;li&gt;A neurological exam, including checking for:
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;Problems with balance&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;Problems with speech&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Increased muscle stiffness&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;li&gt;Blood or urine tests to look for the cause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; to help figure out if the cause is damage to your brain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tests that check your abilities to do daily tasks such as handwriting and holding a fork or cup&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/"&gt;electromyogram&lt;/a&gt;, a test that measures involuntary muscle activity and how your muscles respond to nerve stimulation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for tremor?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for most forms of tremor, but there are treatments to help manage symptoms. In some cases, the symptoms may be so mild that you do not need treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finding the right treatment depends on getting the right diagnosis of the cause. Tremor caused by another medical condition may get better or go away when you treat that condition. If your tremor is caused by a certain medicine, stopping that medicine usually makes the tremor go away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatments for tremor can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines.&lt;/strong&gt; There are different medicines for the specific types of tremor. Another option is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html"&gt;Botox injections&lt;/a&gt;, which can treat several different types of tremor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; may be used for severe cases that do not get better with medicines. The most common type is deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS uses electrodes that are implanted in the brain. The electrodes send electrical pulses to the parts of the brain that are causing the tremor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Physical, speech-language, and occupational therapy&lt;/strong&gt;, which may help to control tremor and deal with the daily challenges caused by the tremor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you find that caffeine and other stimulants trigger your tremors, it may be helpful to cut them from your diet.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html" id="2205" language="Spanish">Temblor</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014202">Tremor</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html" id="85">Parkinson's Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Essential Tremor</see-reference>
<site title="Children with Essential Tremor" url="https://essentialtremor.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ParenTeacherGuide8x11_012013.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>International Essential Tremor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Essential Tremor" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Essential+Tremor%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tremor" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tremor%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Essential Tremor" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/essential-tremor/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/temblor-esencial-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essential tremor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000762.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essential Tremor (ET): Coping Tips for Everyday Living" url="https://essentialtremor.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Coping-Tips-2021.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>International Essential Tremor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Essential Tremor (ET): Surgical Options" url="https://essentialtremor.org/resource/surgical-options/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>International Essential Tremor Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Essential Tremor Is More Than a Tremor" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-nBScb735E&amp;feature=youtu.be">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>International Essential Tremor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Essential Tremor vs. Parkinson's Disease: How Do They Differ?" url="https://essentialtremor.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/ETvsPD092012.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>International Essential Tremor Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Essential tremor: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/essential-tremor">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tremor" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tremor%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quick Guide to Understanding Tremor" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/a-quick-guide-to-understanding-tremor" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/una-guia-rapida-para-comprender-el-temblor">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Essential Tremor" url="https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/Home/GetGuidelineContent/494">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Neurology</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tremor" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tremor">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tremor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003192.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003192.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tremor - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000564.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Trichomoniasis (or Trich) is an Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) caused by a parasite. It is a common but curable infection. Get the information you need to get treatment." title="Trichomoniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html" id="4325" language="English" date-created="02/13/2006">
<also-called>Trich</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Trichomoniasis is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI) caused by a parasite. It spreads from person to person during sex. Many people do not have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually happen within 5 to 28 days after being infected.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html"&gt;vaginitis&lt;/a&gt; in women. Symptoms include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Yellow-green or gray discharge from the vagina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Discomfort during sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vaginal odor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Painful urination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Itching burning, and soreness of the vagina and vulva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most men do not have symptoms. If they do, they may have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Itching or irritation inside the penis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Burning after urination or ejaculation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Discharge from the penis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Trichomoniasis can increase the risk of getting or spreading other sexually transmitted infections. Pregnant women with trichomoniasis are more likely to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;give birth too early&lt;/a&gt;, and their babies are more likely have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Lab tests can tell if you have the infection. Treatment is with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. If you are infected, you and your partner must be treated.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading trichomoniasis. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Sexual Health Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html" id="4326" language="Spanish">Tricomoniasis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014247">Trichomonas Vaginitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451">Vaginal Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html" id="6417">Vaginitis</related-topic>
<site title="About Trichomoniasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/trichomoniasis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/trichomoniasis/es/about/acerca-de-la-tricomoniasis.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Trichomonas Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Trichomonas+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Condom Use: An Overview" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Trichomonas+Vaginitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001331.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001331.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/trichomoniasis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/trichomoniasis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trichomoniasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378609?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/trichomoniasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378609?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/trichomoniasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/trichomoniasis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-trichomoniasis.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/trichomoniasis-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tricomoniasis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis test - wet mount" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tricomoniasis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual causada por un parásito. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamiento de la tricomoniasis." title="Tricomoniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html" id="4326" language="Spanish" date-created="03/03/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La tricomoniasis es una &lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt; causada por un parásito. Se contagia de persona a persona a través de relaciones sexuales. Muchas personas no muestran síntomas. Si presenta síntomas, aparecen entre 5 y 28 días después de la infección. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html"&gt;vaginitis&lt;/a&gt; en las mujeres. Los síntomas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción vaginal verdosa o amarillenta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Molestia durante las relaciones sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Olor vaginal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor al orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comezón, ardor y dolor en la vagina y la vulva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de los hombres no presenta síntomas. Si los tienen, pueden presentar:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comezón o irritación dentro del pene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ardor después de orinar o eyacular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Secreción del pene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tricomoniasis puede aumentar el riesgo de contraer o propagar otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Las mujeres embarazadas con tricomoniasis tienen más probabilidades de dar a luz en forma &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;prematura&lt;/a&gt;, y es más probable que sus bebés tengan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html"&gt;bajo peso&lt;/a&gt; al nacer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las pruebas de laboratorio pueden indicar si usted tiene la infección. Se trata con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Si está infectado, usted y su pareja deben someterse a tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la tricomoniasis. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html" id="4325" language="English">Trichomoniasis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Acerca de la tricomoniasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/trichomoniasis/es/about/acerca-de-la-tricomoniasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/trichomoniasis/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades de la vagina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen para vaginitis con preparación en fresco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003916.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tricomoniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tricomoniasis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/trichomoniasis-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tricomoniasis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001331.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001331.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricomoniasis" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/trichomoniasis" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/trichomoniasis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricomoniasis (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/trichomoniasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/trichomoniasis.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricomoniasis (vaginitis por tricomonas o &quot;tric&quot;)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/tricomoniasis/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tricomoniasis: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/trichomoniasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378609?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trichomoniasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378609?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or tic douloureux) causes extreme, sudden burning or shock-like pain in the face. Learn about the causes and treatments." title="Trigeminal Neuralgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2729" language="English" date-created="10/03/2002">
<also-called>TN</also-called>
<also-called>Tic douloureux</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a type of chronic &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html"&gt;pain&lt;/a&gt; that affects your face. It causes extreme, sudden burning or shock-like pain. It usually affects one side of the face. Any vibration on your face, even from talking, can set it off. The condition may come and go, disappearing for days or even months. But the longer you have it, the less often it goes away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TN usually affects people over 50, especially women. The cause is probably a blood vessel pressing on the trigeminal nerve, one of the largest nerves in the head. Tumors and multiple sclerosis can also cause TN, but in some cases the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no specific test for TN. It can be hard to diagnose, since many other conditions can cause facial pain. Treatment options include medicines, surgery, and complementary techniques.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html" id="2730" language="Spanish">Neuralgia del trigémino</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014277">Trigeminal Neuralgia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Tic Douleureux</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Trigeminal Neuralgia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Trigeminal+Neuralgia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trigeminal Neuralgia" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Trigeminal+Neuralgia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Stereotactic radiosurgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trigeminal Neuralgia" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/trigeminal-neuralgia" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/neuralgia-del-trigemino">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trigeminal Neuralgia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trigeminal-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353344?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trigeminal Neuralgia" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/trigeminal-neuralgia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/la-neuralgia-del-trigemino">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trigeminal neuralgia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000742.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000742.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los triglicéridos son un tipo de grasa presente en la sangre. Su exceso puede conducir a enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, en especial en mujeres. " title="Triglicéridos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html" id="4278" language="Spanish" date-created="04/05/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los triglicéridos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los triglicéridos son un tipo de grasa. Son el tipo más común de grasa en su cuerpo. Provienen de alimentos, especialmente mantequilla, aceites y otras grasas que usted come. Los triglicéridos también provienen de calorías adicionales. Estas son las calorías que usted come pero que su cuerpo no necesita de inmediato.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su cuerpo cambia estas calorías adicionales en triglicéridos, y los almacena en las células de grasa. Cuando su cuerpo necesita energía, libera los triglicéridos. Sus partículas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html"&gt;lipoproteína de muy baja densidad&lt;/a&gt; llevan los triglicéridos a sus tejidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tener un alto nivel de triglicéridos puede aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;, como la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de las arterias coronarias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa triglicéridos altos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los factores que pueden subir su nivel de triglicéridos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Comer regularmente más calorías de las que quema, especialmente si consume mucha azúcar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener sobrepeso u &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Fumar cigarrillos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uso excesivo de alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ciertos medicamentos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos trastornos genéticos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;Enfermedades de la tiroides&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html"&gt;Diabetes tipo 2&lt;/a&gt; mal controlada&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Enfermedades del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html"&gt;hígado&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;renales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican los triglicéridos altos?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existe una prueba de sangre que mide sus triglicéridos, junto a su colesterol. Los niveles de triglicéridos se miden en miligramos por decilitro (mg/dL). Las pautas para los niveles de triglicéridos son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
&lt;thead&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Categoría&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th scope="col"&gt;Nivel de triglicéridos&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/thead&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Menos de 150mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Límite alto&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;150 a 199 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r3"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Alto&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;200 a 499 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class="r4"&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Muy alto&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;500 mg/dL y más&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Niveles superiores a 150 mg/dL pueden aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Un nivel de triglicérido de 150 mg/dL o más es también un factor de riesgo para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome metabólico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es el tratamiento para los triglicéridos altos?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que pueda reducir sus niveles de triglicéridos con cambios en el estilo de vida:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Controlando su peso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Actividad física regular&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No fumar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limitar el azúcar y los alimentos refinados&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Limitar el alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Cambiar de grasas saturadas a grasas más saludables&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas también necesitan tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos contra el colesterol&lt;/a&gt; para disminuir sus triglicéridos.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277" language="English">Triglycerides</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<site title="Concentraciones altas de triglicéridos en sangre" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/health/high-blood-triglycerides" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/high-blood-triglycerides">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000403_69.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000403_9.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de VLDL" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibratos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Grasas en la dieta: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hipertrigliceridemia familiar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000397.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de triglicéridos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003493.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niveles altos de colesterol en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000403.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de triglicéridos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-trigliceridos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triglycerides-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triglicéridos: ¿Por qué son importantes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/ART-20048186?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Triglycerides are a type of fat in your blood. Having a high level may raise the risk of heart disease, especially in women. Learn how to lower it." title="Triglycerides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277" language="English" date-created="02/02/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are triglycerides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Triglycerides are a type of fat. They are the most common type of fat in your body. They come from foods, especially butter, oils, and other fats you eat. Triglycerides also come from extra calories. These are the calories that you eat, but your body does not need right away.
Your body changes these extra calories into triglycerides and stores them in fat cells. When your body needs energy, it releases the triglycerides. Your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html"&gt;VLDL cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; particles carry the triglycerides to your tissues.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having a high level of triglycerides can raise your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes high triglycerides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Factors that can raise your triglyceride level include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Regularly eating more calories than you burn off, especially if you eat a lot of sugar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being overweight or having &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cigarette smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Excessive alcohol use&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Certain medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Some genetic disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;Thyroid diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poorly controlled &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;Liver&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney&lt;/a&gt; diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are high triglycerides diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is a blood test that measures your triglycerides, along with your cholesterol. Triglyceride levels are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). The guidelines for triglyceride levels are&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"&gt;
    &lt;thead&gt;
       &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Category&lt;/th&gt;
        &lt;th scope="col"&gt;Triglyceride Level&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/thead&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r1"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Normal&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Less than 150mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r2"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Borderline high&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;150 to 199 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r3"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;High&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;200 to 499 mg/dL&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr class="r4"&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;Very high&lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;td&gt;500 mg/dL and above&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Levels above 150mg/dl may raise your risk for heart disease. A triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL or higher is also a risk factor for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html"&gt;metabolic syndrome&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for high triglycerides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You may be able to lower your triglyceride levels with lifestyle changes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html"&gt;Controlling your weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Regular physical activity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Not smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting sugar and refined foods&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting alcohol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Switching from saturated fats to healthier fats&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people will also need to take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol medicines&lt;/a&gt; to lower their triglycerides.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html" id="4278" language="Spanish">Triglicéridos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015228">Hypertriglyceridemia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006953">Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6909">VLDL Cholesterol</related-topic>
<see-reference>Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Familial Hypertriglyceridemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hyperlipidemia</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hypertriglyceridemia</see-reference>
<site title="American Heart Association" url="https://www.heart.org/en/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypertriglyceridemia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hypertriglyceridemia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Familial hypertriglyceridemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000397.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000397.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibrates" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000789.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="HDL (Good), LDL (Bad) Cholesterol and Triglycerides" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/hdl-good-ldl-bad-cholesterol-and-triglycerides">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatic lipase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hepatic-lipase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="High Blood Triglycerides" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/high-blood-triglycerides" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/health/high-blood-triglycerides">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevention and Treatment of High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triglycerides" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypertriglyceridemia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Hyperlipoproteinemia+Type+IV%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Science Snippet: Lipids in the Limelight" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2022/07/science-snippet-lipids-in-the-limelight/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trends in Elevated Triglyceride in Adults: United States, 2001-2012" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db198.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triglyceride level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003493.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Triglycerides Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triglycerides-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-trigliceridos/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Triglycerides: Why Do They Matter?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/ART-20048186?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="VLDL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La trombosis venosa profunda es un coágulo sanguíneo que se forma en una vena profunda en el cuerpo, como piernas o los muslos. Síntomas y prevención. " title="Trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="2269" language="Spanish" date-created="07/29/2003">
<also-called>Flebitis</also-called>
<also-called>Flebotrombosis</also-called>
<also-called>Tromboflebitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La trombosis venosa profunda o TVP, es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html"&gt;coágulo sanguíneo&lt;/a&gt; que se forma en una vena profunda en el cuerpo. Suele ocurrir en las piernas o los muslos. Si la vena se inflama, esta afección se llama tromboflebitis. Una trombosis venosa profunda, puede desprenderse y causar un problema serio en los pulmones conocido como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;embolia pulmonar&lt;/a&gt;, un infarto o un derrame.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Permanecer sentado durante mucho tiempo puede aumentar sus probabilidades de tener una TVP. Algunas medicinas y trastornos que aumentan el riesgo de coágulos sanguíneos también pueden causarle una TVP. Los síntomas comunes son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Calor y dolor por encima de la vena &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor o inflamación en la parte del cuerpo afectada &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Enrojecimiento de la piel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento incluye medicinas para aliviar el dolor y la inflamación, deshacer los coágulos e impedir la formación de coágulos nuevos. Mantener el área afectada elevada y aplicar calor húmedo puede ayudar. Si va a realizar un viaje largo en automóvil o avión, haga pausas para caminar o estirar las piernas e ingiera mucho líquido.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="1683" language="English">Deep Vein Thrombosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html" id="6077">Coágulos sanguíneos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="2113">Embolia pulmonar</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4084">Enfermedad arterial periférica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html" id="1822">Problemas circulatorios</related-topic>
<see-reference>Flebitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tromboflebitis</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000027.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000027.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre los coágulos de sangre: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/conceptos-basicos-sobre-los-coagulos-de-sangre-lo-que-usted-necesita-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/the-basics-of-blood-clots-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo detectar y prevenir la trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/como-detectar-y-prevenir-la-trombosis-venosa-profunda" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/01/how-spot-prevent-deep-vein-thrombosis">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia-doppler/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ecografía Doppler: ¿Para qué se usa?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/faq-20058452?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/FAQ-20058452?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de antitrombina III en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003661.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003661.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Filtros para vena cava inferior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/VenaCavaFilter" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/VenaCavaFilter">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flegmasía cerúlea dolorosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000200.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia venosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000203.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medias de compresión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000597.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medias de compresión aportan beneficios terapéuticos cuando se usan bien" url="https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/es/2017/10/24/las-medias-de-compresion-aportan-beneficios-terapeuticos-cuando-se-usan-bien/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pletismografía de las extremidades" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007288.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del dímero D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007620.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007620.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del dímero D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-dimero-d/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/d-dimer-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis venosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100168_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100168_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis venosa mesentérica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001157.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001157.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000156.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/trombosis-venosa-profunda-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombosis venosa profunda" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/trombosis-venosa-profunda-deep-vein-thrombosis/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trombólisis con asistencia por catéter" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thrombo" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thrombo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido venoso (extremidades)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/venousus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venousus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasos sanguíneos de la pierna" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vasos-sanguineos-de-la-pierna/" language-mapped-url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vasculature-of-the-leg/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Venography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía de la pierna" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003773.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003773.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el tromboembolismo venoso?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/tromboembolia-venosa" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/venous-thromboembolism">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Although there are no guarantees of safety during a tsunami, you can take actions to protect yourself. Read about what you can do." title="Tsunamis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html" id="4606" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A tsunami is a series of huge ocean waves created by an underwater disturbance. Causes include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html"&gt;earthquakes&lt;/a&gt;, landslides, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/volcanoes.html"&gt;volcanic eruptions&lt;/a&gt;, or meteorites--chunks of rock from space that strike the surface of Earth.   A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean. It can smash into land with waves as high as 100 feet or more and cause devastating &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html"&gt;floods&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drowning.html"&gt;Drowning&lt;/a&gt; is the most common cause of death related to a tsunami.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety during a tsunami, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html" id="4607" language="Spanish">Tsunamis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D057192">Tsunamis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Natural Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tsunamis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tsunamis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tsunami Preparedness" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/tsunami.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tsunamis" url="https://www.ready.gov/tsunamis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/tsunamis">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tsunamis and Your Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tsunamis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tsunamis/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un tsunami consiste en una serie de enormes olas oceánicas creadas por un fenómeno submarino. Infórmese sobre cómo protegerse de un tusnami." title="Tsunamis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html" id="4607" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<also-called>Maremotos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un tsunami es una serie de enormes olas oceánicas creadas por un disturbio submarino. Las causas incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html"&gt;terremotos&lt;/a&gt;, deslizamientos de tierra, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html"&gt;erupciones volcánicas&lt;/a&gt; o meteoritos (pedazos de roca que provienen del espacio e impactan la superficie terrestre). Un tsunami puede desplazarse a cientos de millas por hora en el océano abierto. Puede alcanzar la tierra con olas de 100 pies de altura o más y provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html"&gt;inundaciones&lt;/a&gt; devastadoras. El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html"&gt;ahogamiento&lt;/a&gt; es la causa de muerte más común asociada a un tsunami.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un tsunami, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es probable que necesite &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ayuda para superarlo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html" id="4606" language="English">Tsunamis</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html" id="3798">Enfrentarse con desastres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html" id="1862">Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre</related-topic>
<see-reference>Desastres naturales</see-reference>
<see-reference>Maremoto</see-reference>
<site title="Deslizamientos de tierra y aludes de barro" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/landslides.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/landslides-and-mudslides/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos de los tsunamis en la salud" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tsunamis/healtheff.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/tsunamis/healtheff.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sobreviviendo a un tsunami: Lecciones de Chile, Hawai y Japón" url="https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1218/c1218.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tsunami" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/tsunami">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tsunamis" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/kids/disaster-facts/tsunamis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tsunamis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tsunamis/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tsunamis/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tsunamis" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/tsunamis" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/tsunamis">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tsunamis: Calidad del agua" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tsunamis/waterquality.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/tsunamis/waterquality.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tubal ligation (getting your fallopian tubes tied) is surgery to prevent a woman from getting pregnant. Learn more about this form of birth control." title="Tubal Ligation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuballigation.html" id="5818" language="English" date-created="07/19/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tubal ligation (getting your "tubes tied") is a type of surgery. It prevents a woman from getting pregnant. It is a permanent form of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control&lt;/a&gt;, and is effective right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The surgery cuts, ties, or seals the fallopian tubes. This blocks the path between the ovaries and the uterus. The sperm cannot reach the egg to fertilize it, and the egg cannot reach the uterus. You get the surgery in a hospital or outpatient surgical center. It usually takes about 30 minutes. Almost all women go home the same day. They can return to most normal activities within a few days.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tubal ligation can sometimes be reversed. The reversal is major surgery, and does not always work.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuballigation.html" id="5819" language="Spanish">Ligadura de trompas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D013246">Sterilization, Tubal</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuballigation.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuballigation.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuballigation.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuballigation.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuballigation.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuballigation.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" id="160">Birth Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasectomy.html" id="5821">Vasectomy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Female Sterilization</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sterilization</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Reproductive Sterilization" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Sterilization,+Reproductive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Sterilization, Tubal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Sterilization,+Tubal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Female Sterilization (Tubal Ligation)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/tubal-ligation/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/2002/01/09/esterilizacion-femenina/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tubal Ligation" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sterilization%2C+Tubal%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sterilization by Laparoscopy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/sterilization-by-laparoscopy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sterilization surgery - making a decision" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002138.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tubal Ligation" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/tubal-ligation/about/pac-20388360?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/tubal-ligation/about/pac-20388360?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tubal ligation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002913.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002913.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tubal ligation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000288.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000288.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tubal ligation - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100044_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100044_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tubal ligation reversal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007651.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007651.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria that attacks the lungs. Skin tests, blood tests, and x-rays can tell if you have TB. Learn more." title="Tuberculosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html" id="41" language="English" date-created="10/22/1998">
<also-called>TB</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is tuberculosis (TB)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tuberculosis (TB) is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterial disease&lt;/a&gt; that usually attacks the lungs. But it can also attack other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Not everyone infected with TB bacteria (germs) becomes sick. So, there are two types of TB conditions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inactive (latent) TB infection&lt;/strong&gt;, where the TB germs live in your body but don't make you sick.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TB disease (active TB)&lt;/strong&gt; where you get sick from the TB germs. TB disease can almost always be cured with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. But if it's not treated properly, it can be fatal.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TB is found in the U.S., but it is more common in certain other countries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes tuberculosis (TB)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;TB is caused by bacteria (germs) called &lt;em&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt;. The germs spread from person to person through the air. People who have TB disease in their throat or lungs spread the germs in the air when they cough, sneeze, talk, or sing. If you breathe in the air that has the germs, you can get TB.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;TB is not spread by touching, kissing, or sharing food or dishes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You're more likely to catch TB from people you live or work with than from people you see for shorter amounts of time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to get infected with tuberculosis (TB) germs?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyone who is near a person with TB disease can get infected with the germs. You are more likely to be near someone with TB disease if you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Were born in or often travel to countries where TB disease is common&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a health care worker&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Work or live in a place where TB is more common, such as shelters for people without homes, jails, and nursing homes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is more likely to develop TB disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain people are more likely to get sick with TB disease after they get infected. They include people who:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Became infected with TB in the last 2 years&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have other diseases, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, that make it hard for your body to fight TB germs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol use disorder&lt;/a&gt; (AUD) or inject &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;illegal drugs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Were not treated correctly for TB in the past&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are under age 5&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are an older adult&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take medicines that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;weaken the immune system&lt;/a&gt;, such as medicines taken after an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html"&gt;organ transplant&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt;, and specialized treatments for certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;autoimmune diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most people who have TB germs in their bodies don't get sick with TB disease. Instead, they have inactive TB infection. With an inactive TB infection, you:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't have symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can't spread TB to others&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Could get sick with active TB disease in the future if your immune system becomes weak for another reason&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Need to take medicine to prevent getting sick with active TB disease in the future&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you have TB disease&lt;/strong&gt;, the TB germs are active, meaning that they are growing (multiplying) inside your body and making you sick. If the TB is growing in your lungs or throat, you can spread the TB germs to other people. You can get sick with TB disease weeks to years after you're infected with TB germs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With TB disease, your symptoms will depend on where the TB is growing in your body:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;General symptoms may include: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Chills and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Losing weight without trying&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Weakness or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Symptoms from TB disease in your lungs may include:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;cough&lt;/a&gt; that lasts longer than 3 weeks&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Coughing up blood or sputum (a thick mucus from the lungs)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html"&gt;Chest pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider or your local health department can test you to find out if you have TB germs in your body. They will give you either a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tuberculosis-screening/"&gt;TB skin or blood test&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;If your test shows that you have TB germs, you'll need to have other tests to see if the germs are actively growing:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tests for TB disease in the lungs&lt;/strong&gt; usually include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/"&gt;testing samples of your sputum&lt;/a&gt; and having chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-rays&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tests for TB disease in other parts of your body&lt;/strong&gt; may include tests of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html"&gt;urine&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html"&gt;tissue samples&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may need a TB test if you have symptoms of TB disease or if you are at high risk because you are more likely to be near someone with TB disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;People who have HIV also need to get tested for TB. HIV weakens your immune system. So if you have both HIV and inactive TB, the TB can quickly become active TB disease. You will need treatment for the inactive TB as soon as possible to prevent active TB disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is the treatment for tuberculosis (TB)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for both inactive TB infection and TB disease is antibiotics. To make sure you get rid of all the TB germs in your body, it's very important to follow the directions for taking your medicine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you don't follow the directions, the TB germs in your body could change and become &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;antibiotic resistant&lt;/a&gt;. That means the medicine may stop working and your TB may become hard to cure.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For inactive TB infections&lt;/strong&gt;, you need to take medicines for three, four, six, or nine months, depending on the treatment plan. Treatment helps make sure you don't get TB disease in the future.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For active TB disease&lt;/strong&gt;, you usually need to take medicines for four, six, or nine months, depending on the treatment plan. Treatment will almost always cure you if you take your pills the right way.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For TB disease in your lungs or throat&lt;/strong&gt;, you'll need to stay home for a few weeks, so you don't spread disease to other people. You can protect the people you live with by: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Covering your nose and mouth.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Opening windows when possible.&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Not getting too close to them.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For drug-resistant TB disease,&lt;/strong&gt; which means that the TB germs are resistant to certain TB medicines, you will need to take special medicines. Treatment may take a long time, sometimes months or years. The medicines can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html"&gt;side effects&lt;/a&gt;. Your provider will closely monitor your treatment to make sure the medicines are working.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;By following medical advice for TB testing and treatment, you can keep yourself healthy and help stop the spread of TB.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html" id="2206" language="Spanish">Tuberculosis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014376">Tuberculosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Amarɨñña / አማርኛ " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Amharic">Amharic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kabuverdianu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="S’gaw Karen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Karen">Karen</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="ភាសាខ្មែរ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Khmer">Khmer</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Afan Oromoo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Oromo">Oromo</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kiswahili" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Swahili">Swahili</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="lha-sa'i skad / ལྷ་སའི་སྐད་" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Tibetan">Tibetan</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="tigriññā / ትግርኛ" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Tigrinya">Tigrinya</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/tuberculosis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5360">Mycobacterial Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>TB</see-reference>
<site title="About Active Tuberculosis Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/about/active-tuberculosis-disease.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Bovine Tuberculosis in Humans" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/about/m-bovis.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/about/drug-resistant.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/publications/factsheets/drtb/xdrtbspanish.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Inactive Tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/about/inactive-tuberculosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/tbinfectiondisease.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ACE blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acid-fast stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003766.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003766.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Lung Association" url="https://www.lung.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine for Tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/hcp/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/vaccines.htm">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest CT" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tuberculosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tuberculosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
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<site title="Disseminated tuberculosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000624.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
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<site title="Questions and Answers About Tuberculosis Booklet" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/communication-resources/tb-questions-and-answers-booklet.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="Scrofula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001354.htm">
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<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/signsandsymptoms.htm">
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<site title="Staying on Track with TB Medicine" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/pamphlets/TB_trtmnt.pdf">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La tuberculosis es una infección bacteriana que suele atacar los pulmones, pero puede también dañar otras partes del cuerpo. Síntomas y prevención. " title="Tuberculosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html" id="2206" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>TB</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la tuberculosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La tuberculosis (TB) es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;enfermedad bacteriana&lt;/a&gt; que generalmente ataca los pulmones. Pero también puede atacar otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo riñones, la columna vertebral y el cerebro.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;No todas las personas infectadas con la bacteria de la tuberculosis se enferman. Entonces, hay dos tipos de condiciones de tuberculosis:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infección de TB latente (inactiva):&lt;/strong&gt; Los gérmenes de la tuberculosis viven en su cuerpo pero no lo enferman&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enfermedad de tuberculosis (TB activa):&lt;/strong&gt;  Los gérmenes de la tuberculosis causan enfermedad. Esta afección casi siempre se puede curar con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Pero si no se trata adecuadamente, puede ser fatal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En los Estados Unidos hay casos de tuberculosis, pero es más común en otros países.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué causa la tuberculosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La tuberculosis es causada por una bacteria llamada &lt;em&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt;. Los gérmenes se propagan de persona a persona a través del aire. Las personas que tienen enfermedad de tuberculosis en la garganta o los pulmones propagan los gérmenes en el aire al toser, estornudar, hablar o cantar. Si respira el aire con gérmenes, puede contraer tuberculosis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La tuberculosis no se contagia al tocar, besar o compartir alimentos o platos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es más probable que contraiga tuberculosis de las personas con las que vive o trabaja que de las personas a las que ve por períodos más cortos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de infectarse con los gérmenes de la tuberculosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona que esté cerca de alguien con la enfermedad de tuberculosis puede infectarse con los gérmenes. Es más probable que esté cerca de alguien con la enfermedad de tuberculosis si:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nació o viaja con frecuencia a países donde la enfermedad de tuberculosis es común&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Es un trabajador de la salud&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trabaja o vive en un lugar donde la tuberculosis es más común, como refugios para personas sin techo, cárceles y hogares para personas mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar la enfermedad de  tuberculosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de enfermarse de tuberculosis después de infectarse. Incluyen personas que:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Se infectaron con tuberculosis en los últimos 2 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen otras enfermedades, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, que dificultan combatir los gérmenes de la tuberculosis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de alcohol&lt;/a&gt; o se inyectan &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;No recibieron el tratamiento correcto para la tuberculosis en el pasado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son menores de cinco años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Son adultos mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Toman medicamentos que debilitan el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;, como medicamentos que se toman después de un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html"&gt;trasplante de órgano&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html"&gt;corticoides&lt;/a&gt; y tratamientos especializados para ciertas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html"&gt;enfermedades autoinmunes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la tuberculosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que tienen gérmenes de tuberculosis en el cuerpo no se enferman con la enfermedad de TB. En cambio, tienen una infección de tuberculosis latente. Con una infección de TB latente, usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No tiene síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No puede transmitir la tuberculosis a otros&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Podría enfermarse de TB activa en el futuro si su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; se debilita por otra razón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Necesita tomar medicamentos para evitar desarrollar TB activa en el futuro&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si tiene enfermedad de tuberculosis&lt;/strong&gt;, los gérmenes de la TB están activos, lo que significa que están creciendo (multiplicándose) en de su cuerpo y causando sus síntomas. Si la tuberculosis está creciendo en sus pulmones o garganta, puede transmitir los gérmenes de la TB a otras personas. Puede enfermarse con la enfermedad de tuberculosis semanas o años después de haberse infectado con estos gérmenes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con la enfermedad de tuberculosis, sus síntomas dependerán de dónde esté creciendo la TB en su cuerpo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los síntomas generales pueden incluir: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Sudores nocturnos (transpiración intensa durante el sueño)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Perder peso sin intentarlo&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Pérdida del apetito&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Debilidad o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los síntomas de la enfermedad de tuberculosis en sus pulmones pueden incluir:
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt; que dura más de 3 semanas&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Tos con sangre o esputo (mucosidad espesa de los pulmones)&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html"&gt;Dolor de pecho&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la tuberculosis?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud o su departamento de salud local pueden hacerle pruebas para averiguar si tiene gérmenes de tuberculosis en su cuerpo. Le harán un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tuberculosis/"&gt;análisis de sangre o de piel&lt;/a&gt; para detectar la tuberculosis.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Si su prueba muestra que tiene gérmenes de tuberculosis, deberá hacerse otras pruebas para ver si los gérmenes están creciendo activamente:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las pruebas para la enfermedad de tuberculosis en los pulmones&lt;/strong&gt; generalmente incluyen analizar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/"&gt;muestras de su esputo&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html"&gt;radiografías&lt;/a&gt; del tórax&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las pruebas para la enfermedad de tuberculosis en otras partes del cuerpo&lt;/strong&gt; pueden incluir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html"&gt;análisis de orina&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html"&gt;muestras de tejido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que necesite una prueba de tuberculosis si tiene síntomas de TB o si tiene un alto riesgo porque es más probable que esté cerca de alguien con la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas con VIH también deben hacerse la prueba de tuberculosis. El VIH debilita el sistema inmunitario, por lo que si tiene VIH y tuberculosis latente, la TB puede convertirse rápidamente en tuberculosis activa. Necesitará tratamiento para la tuberculosis latente lo antes posible para prevenir una afección activa.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuál es el tratamiento para la tuberculosis?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento tanto para la infección de tuberculosis latente como para la enfermedad activa son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Para asegurarse de deshacerse de todos los gérmenes de la tuberculosis en su cuerpo, es muy importante que siga las instrucciones para tomar su medicamento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si no sigue las instrucciones, los gérmenes de la tuberculosis en su cuerpo podrían cambiar y volverse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html"&gt;resistentes a los antibióticos&lt;/a&gt;. Eso significa que el medicamento puede dejar de funcionar y su TB puede volverse difícil de curar.&lt;/p&gt;  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para las infecciones latentes de tuberculosis&lt;/strong&gt;, en general necesita tomar medicamentos por tres, cuatro, seis o nueve meses, dependiendo del plan de tratamiento. El tratamiento ayuda a asegurarse de que no contraiga TB en el futuro&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para la enfermedad de tuberculosis activa&lt;/strong&gt;, en general necesita tomar medicamentos durante cuatro, seis o nueve meses, dependiendo del plan de tratamiento. El tratamiento casi siempre lo curará si toma sus medicamentos como debe&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para la enfermedad de tuberculosis en los pulmones o la garganta&lt;/strong&gt;, deberá quedarse en casa durante algunas semanas para no contagiar la enfermedad a otras personas. Puede proteger a las personas con las que vive al: 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Cubrirse la nariz y la boca&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Abrir las ventanas cuando sea posible&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;No acercarse demasiado a ellos&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Para la tuberculosis resistente a los medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;, es decir, cuando los medicamentos no son capaces de matar a los gérmenes de la tuberculosis, deberá tomar medicamentos especiales. El tratamiento puede llevar mucho tiempo, incluso meses o años. Los medicamentos pueden causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios&lt;/a&gt;. Su profesional de la salud supervisará de cerca su tratamiento para asegurarse de que está funcionando&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si sigue las sugerencias médicas para las pruebas y el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, puede mantenerse saludable y ayudar a detener la propagación de la TB.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html" id="41" language="English">Tuberculosis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html" id="5361">Infecciones por micobacterias</related-topic>
<see-reference>TB</see-reference>
<site title="Biopsia pleural abierta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003863.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003863.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia pleural con aguja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003862.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003862.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia sinovial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003922.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003922.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de esputo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003723.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo de líquido pleural" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003725.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003725.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003378.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003378.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo micobacteriano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003740.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003740.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos sobre la tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/publications/factseries/pdf/tbcanbetreated_es.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factseries/cure_eng.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eliminación de la TB" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/publications/factsheets/pdf/bcg_es.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/media/pdfs/What_You_Need_to_Know_About_TB.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Escrófula" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001354.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ECA en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003567.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003567.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de hemoglobinuria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003363.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003363.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de términos relacionados con la tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/glossary.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/glossary/">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección de tuberculosis latente y enfermedad de tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/tbinfectiondisease.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/about/inactive-tuberculosis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instrucciones para obtener muestras de esputo (flema) para la prueba TB" url="https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/tb/basics/factsheets/sputspan.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departmento de Salud de Minnesota</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mediastinoscopia con biopsia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003864.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003864.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningitis tuberculosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000650.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000650.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas y respuestas sobre la tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/publications/faqs/default.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba cutánea de PPD" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003839.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003839.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de tuberculosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tuberculosis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tuberculosis-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de bacilos acidorresistentes (BAAR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas para las enfermedades pulmonares" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del tórax (radiografía de tórax)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/chestrad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Signos y síntomas de la tuberculosis (TB)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/signsandsymptoms.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="TC torácica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003788.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción acidorresistente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003766.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003766.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinción del esputo para micobacterias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003724.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003724.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomar medicamentos para tratar la tuberculosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000425.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tos con sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003073.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tuberculosis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tuberculosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tuberculosis.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis diseminada" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000624.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000624.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis pulmonar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000077.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000077.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis y las personas de raza negra o afroamericanas" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/populations/tbinafricanamericans/default.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/health-equity/black-or-african-american-persons.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis y las personas que viven en establecimientos penitenciarios en los Estados Unidos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/populations/correctional/default.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/risk-factors/correctional-facilities.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis: Pruebas y diagnóstico" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/testing/default.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberculosis: Tratamiento" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/treatment/default.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/default.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usted puede prevenir la tuberculosis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/publications/factseries/prevention_es.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/prevention/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la tuberculosis (BCG)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/esp/topic/basics/vaccines.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/tb/hcp/vaccines/">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y la tuberculosis (TB)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-la-tuberculosis-tb" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-tuberculosis-tb">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a rare genetic disease. It causes benign tumors in the brain and other organs. Learn about symptoms and what can help." title="Tuberous Sclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberoussclerosis.html" id="1375" language="English" date-created="09/19/2000">
<also-called>TSC</also-called>
<also-called>Tuberous sclerosis complex</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and other organs. Symptoms vary, depending on where the tumors grow. They could include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Skin problems, such as light patches and thickened skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seizures&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Behavior problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Intellectual disabilities&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kidney problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people have signs of tuberous sclerosis at birth. In others it can take time for the symptoms to develop. The disease can be mild, or it can cause severe disabilities. In rare cases, tumors in vital organs or other symptoms can be life-threatening.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tuberous sclerosis has no cure, but treatments can help symptoms. Options include medicines, educational and occupational therapy, surgery, or surgery to treat specific complications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberoussclerosis.html" id="2207" language="Spanish">Esclerosis tuberosa</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014402">Tuberous Sclerosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberoussclerosis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>TSC</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Tuberous Sclerosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Tuberous+Sclerosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tuberous Sclerosis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tuberous+Sclerosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tuberous sclerosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000787.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000787.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberous Sclerosis Complex" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/tuberous-sclerosis-complex">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tuberous-sclerosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tuberous-sclerosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tuberous sclerosis complex: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tuberous-sclerosis-complex">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El tumor de Wilms o nefroblastoma es un tipo raro de cáncer de riñón que afecta a los niños. Entérese de diagnóstico, sintomas y tratamiento." title="Tumor de Wilms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilmstumor.html" id="3076" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<also-called>Nefroblastoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El tumor de Wilms es un tipo poco frecuente de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html"&gt;cáncer renal&lt;/a&gt;. Causa un tumor en uno o ambos riñones. Usualmente afecta a los niños, pero puede ocurrir en adultos. Tener ciertos padecimientos genéticos o defectos de nacimiento puede aumentar el riesgo de desarrollarlo. Los niños que están en riesgo deben evaluarse cada tres meses hasta que cumplan ocho años. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Los síntomas incluyen un bulto en el abdomen, sangre en la orina y fiebre sin causa aparente. Las pruebas de riñón y de sangre se utilizan para encontrar el tumor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los médicos usualmente diagnostican y remueven el tumor con una cirugía. Otros tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia, radiación y terapia biológica. La terapia biológica, o inmunoterapia, estimula la capacidad del propio cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilmstumor.html" id="3075" language="English">Wilms Tumor</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html" id="1988">Cáncer de riñón</related-topic>
<see-reference>Wilms, Tumor de</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumor de Wilms y otros tumores renales infantiles)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-wilms-pdq#_57" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/wilms-treatment-pdq#_57">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del tumor de Wilms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-wilms-pdq#_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/wilms-treatment-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el tumor de Wilms y otros tumores renales infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-wilms-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/wilms-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nefrectomía (extracción de riñón)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y las vías urinarias" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riñones y su funcionamiento" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-rinones/rinones-funcionamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="TC (tomografía computarizada) pediátrica" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pedia-ct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pedia-ct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de Wilms" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/wilms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wilms.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de Wilms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001575.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tus riñones" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/kidneys.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidneys.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los tumores son crecimientos anormales en el cuerpo. Pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los benignos no son cáncer y solo crecen en una parte del cuerpo." title="Tumores benignos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html" id="3586" language="Spanish" date-created="10/06/2003">
<also-called>Tumor no canceroso</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los tumores son crecimientos anormales en el cuerpo. Pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los tumores benignos no son cáncer, pero los malignos sí. Los tumores benignos solo crecen en una parte del cuerpo. No pueden aparecer ni invadir otras partes del cuerpo. Aún así, pueden ser peligrosos si presionan órganos importantes, tales como el cerebro. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tumores están formados por células extras. En general, las células crecen y se dividen en otras células cuando el cuerpo las necesita. Cuando las células envejecen, se mueren y otras células nuevas toman su lugar. Algunas veces, este proceso no resulta como se espera: se forman células nuevas, aún cuando no son necesarias y las células viejas no mueren cuando deberían. Cuando estas células adicionales forman una masa, se les conoce como un tumor. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Con frecuencia, el tratamiento incluye cirugía. Los tumores benignos no suelen crecer nuevamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html" id="3585" language="English">Benign Tumors</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberoussclerosis.html" id="2207">Esclerosis tuberosa</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html" id="2215">Fibroides uterinos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html" id="2052">Neurofibromatosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acousticneuroma.html" id="2251">Neuroma acústico</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html" id="3135">Pólipos del colon</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cáncer benigno</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lipomas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Nódulos tiroideos</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumor benigno</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumores pituitarios</see-reference>
<site title="Adenoma sebáceo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002292.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002292.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Afecciones no cancerosas de los senos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/afecciones-no-cancerosas-de-los-senos.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiofibroma juvenil" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001572.htm">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (craneofaringioma infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_39" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_49">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de pulmón a cielo abierto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003861.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003861.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de pólipos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003415.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003415.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneofaringioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000345.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación quirúrgica de un hemangioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100114_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100114_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fibroadenoma de mama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007216.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007216.htm">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglioneuroma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001437.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001437.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Goma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000859.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000859.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Granuloma piógeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001464.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001464.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001459.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001459.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma capilar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001441.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001441.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma hepático" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000243.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000243.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemangioma hepático" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/liver-hemangioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354234?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-hemangioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20354234?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el craneofaringioma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_3" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Insulinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000387.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000387.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leiomioma intestinal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000251.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000251.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lipomas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/lipomas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/lipomas.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Marcadores tumorales" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/diagnostico-estadificacion/diagnostico/hoja-informativa-marcadores-de-tumores" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meningioma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Metacondromatosis" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/12327/metacondromatosis/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mixoma auricular" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007273.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007273.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulo tiroideo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007265.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007265.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nódulos tiroideos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/thyroid-nodules/symptoms-causes/syc-20355262?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-nodules/symptoms-causes/syc-20355262?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente o papilomatosis laríngea" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactinoma" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/prolactinoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/prolactinoma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba genética del PTEN" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos gástricos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stomach-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20377992?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos nasales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001641.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001641.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pólipos uterinos" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709?p=1">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Queratosis seborreica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000884.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000884.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste epidermoide" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000842.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000842.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quiste o tumor benigno de oído" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001033.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001033.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de corazón (cardíacos) infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cardiaco/paciente-tratamiento-cardiaco-infantil-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de las glándulas lagrimales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001611.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001611.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor en comparación con quiste: ¿Cuál es la diferencia?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cancer/expert-answers/tumor/faq-20057829?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/expert-answers/tumor/FAQ-20057829?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores de la glándula pituitaria" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/tumores-de-la-glandula-pituitaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pituitary-tumors">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores hepáticos benignos" url="https://liverfoundation.org/es/enfermedades-del-HIGADO/complicaciones-de-la-enfermedad-hep%C3%A1tica/tumores-hep%C3%A1ticos-benignos/" language-mapped-url="https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/complications-of-liver-disease/benign-liver-tumors/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Americana del Hígado</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Un tumor cerebral es un crecimiento de células anormales en el tejido del cerebro. Entérese sobre tipos de tumores, síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. " title="Tumores cerebrales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html" id="1784" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Cáncer cerebral</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer de cerebro</also-called>
<also-called>Tumor cerebral</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un tumor cerebral es un crecimiento de células anormales en el tejido del cerebro. Los tumores pueden ser benignos (no cancerosos) o malignos (con células cancerígenas que crecen muy rápido). Algunos son primarios, o sea, que comienzan en el cerebro. Otros son metastásicos, o sea, que comenzaron en alguna otra parte del cuerpo y llegan al cerebro.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tumores en el cerebro pueden mostrar varios síntomas. Estos son algunos de los más comunes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolores de cabeza, generalmente por la mañana &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;	Náusea y vómitos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios en la capacidad para hablar, escuchar o ver &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas de equilibrio o al caminar &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;	Problemas con el pensamiento o la memoria &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Debilidad o sentir muchas ganas de dormir &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios en el estado de ánimo o conducta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Convulsiones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los doctores diagnostican estos tumores por medio de un examen neurológico y otras pruebas como imágenes por resonancia magnética, tomografía computarizada o una biopsia. El tratamiento incluye la espera cautelosa (vigilancia sin administrar ningún tratamiento hasta que los síntomas se presenten o cambien), cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. La mayoría de las personas, recibe una combinación de estos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html" id="173" language="English">Brain Tumors</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html" id="1785">Enfermedades del cerebro</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html" id="4178">Tumores cerebrales en niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cerebral, Tumor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebro, Cáncer de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Cerebro, Tumor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumor de la fosa posterior</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tumor hipotalámico</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiación al cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000055.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiocirugía estereotáctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumores cerebrales en adultos)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-cerebro-adultos-pdq#_55">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Campos electromagnéticos y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-campos-electromagneticos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Componentes del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000016.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craneotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detectar tumores cerebrales: ¿Conoce los síntomas?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/detectar-tumores-cerebrales" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/10/spotlight-brain-tumors">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los tumores del sistema nervioso central en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-cerebro-adultos-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Factores de riesgo para tumores de encéfalo y tumores de médula espinal" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/tumores-de-encefalo-o-de-medula-espinal/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hernia cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001421.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001421.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-linfoma-primario-snc-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/primary-cns-lymphoma-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores del sistema nervioso central en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-cerebro-adultos-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/adult-brain-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Linfoma cerebral primario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000734.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000734.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meningioma" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355643?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radiocirugía estereotáctica con bisturí de rayos gamma (Gamma Knife)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007577.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007577.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiografía de cráneo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003802.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003802.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN funcional (RMNf): Cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/fmribrain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/fmribrain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teléfonos celulares y el cáncer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007151.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Teléfonos celulares y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/radiacion/hoja-informativa-telefonos-celulares" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ct-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computarizada (TC) de cabeza" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/headct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/headct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP) del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007341.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007341.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores cerebrales" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/thera-brain">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores de encéfalo y de médula espinal en adultos" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/tumores-de-encefalo-o-de-medula-espinal/tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los tumores primarios de encéfalo en adultos según el tipo de tumor" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-cerebro-adultos-pdq#_103">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumor cerebral metastásico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000769.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000769.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor cerebral primario en adultos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007222.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007222.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor de la fosa posterior" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001404.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor hipotalámico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001211.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001211.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores cerebrales en niños: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodbraintumors.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores cerebrales y espinales" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/tumores-del-cerebro-y-de-la-medula-espinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/brain-and-spinal-cord-tumors">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se pueden encontrar en sus comienzos los tumores de encéfalo y los tumores de médula espinal en adultos?" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/tumores-de-encefalo-o-de-medula-espinal/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/deteccion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/brain-spinal-cord-tumors-adults/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los tumores cerebrales en niños son abultamientos anormales dentro del cráneo de los chicos. Entérese sobre síntomas y cuándo consultar al médico." title="Tumores cerebrales en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html" id="4178" language="Spanish" date-created="08/31/2005">
<also-called>Cáncer cerebral en niños</also-called>
<also-called>Cáncer de cerebro en niños</also-called>
<also-called>Tumores cerebrales en la niñez</also-called>
<also-called>Tumores en el cerebro en los niños</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html"&gt;tumores cerebrales&lt;/a&gt; son abultamientos anormales dentro del cráneo. Se encuentran entre los tipos más comunes de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html"&gt;cánceres en niños&lt;/a&gt;. Algunos son tumores benignos, que no son cancerosos. Aún así, pueden ser serios. Los tumores malignos son cancerosos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tumores cerebrales y de la médula espinal infantiles pueden causar dolores de cabeza y otros síntomas. Sin embargo, otras enfermedades causan síntomas similares. Consulte con su doctor si su hijo tiene algunos de estos problemas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Dolor de cabeza por la mañana o que desaparece al vomitar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Vómitos y náusea frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Problemas con la vista o del habla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Pérdida de equilibrio o problemas para caminar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Somnolencia inusual (más sueño que de costumbre)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cambios de personalidad &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Convulsiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cabeza agrandada en recién nacidos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Igualmente, estos síntomas no son los mismos en todos los niños.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Los médicos usan exámenes físicos y neurológicos, de laboratorio e imágenes para diagnosticar tumores cerebrales. La mayoría de los tumores infantiles son diagnosticados y extraídos por medio de una cirugía.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; El tratamiento en los niños a veces es diferente al utilizado para los adultos. Los efectos secundarios a largo plazo son un aspecto importante. Las opciones también dependen del tipo de tumor y de su ubicación. Con frecuencia, es posible extirpar el tumor. Cuando no lo es, puede usarse radiación, quimioterapia o ambos. &lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt; NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer   &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodbraintumors.html" id="4177" language="English">Childhood Brain Tumors</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html" id="4356">Cáncer en niños</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html" id="1784">Tumores cerebrales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Niños, Cáncer cerebral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niños, Tumores cerebrales</see-reference>
<site title="Alta después de una quimioterapia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000124.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alta tras radiocirugía estereotáctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (craneofaringioma infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_39" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_49">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (meduloblastoma y otros tumores embrionarios del sistema nervioso central infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-embrionarios-snc-infantil-pdq#_146" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-embryonal-treatment-pdq#_146">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumor teratoideo/rabdoide atípico del sistema nervioso central infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-atrt-snc-infantil-pdq#_52" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-atrt-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumores de células germinativas del sistema nervioso central infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-snc-infantil-pdq#_152" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-germ-cell-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Centros oncológicos designados por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cirugía del cerebro" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003018.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consumo de calorías adicionales cuando los niños estén enfermos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000034.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craneotomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100048_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100048_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer en niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/infantil/hoja-informativa-ninos-adolescentes" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ependimoma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/ependimoma-infantil" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-ependymoma-treatment-pdq#_73">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadificación del meduloblastoma y otros tumores embrionarios del sistema nervioso central infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-embrionarios-snc-infantil-pdq#_180">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los astrocitomas infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/gliomas-infantiles-astrocitomas#_104" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/childhood-glioma-astrocytoma">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gliomas infantiles (incluso astrocitomas)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/gliomas-infantiles-astrocitomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-glioma-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el craneofaringioma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_3" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el tumor teratoideo/rabdoide atípico del sistema nervioso central infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-atrt-snc-infantil-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-atrt-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores de células germinativas del sistema nervioso central infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-germinativas-snc-infantil-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meduloblastoma" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/medulloblastoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/medulloblastoma.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizaciones que ofrecen servicios de apoyo" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Papás que tienen a un niño con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/sobrellevar/apoyo-a-quien-cuida/padres" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Quimioterapia para tratar el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/quimioterapia" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de tratamiento de los gliomas infantiles" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/gliomas-infantiles-astrocitomas#_117">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tipos de tratamiento del ependimoma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/ependimoma-infantil#_96" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/childhood-ependymoma">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomografía computada: Cabeza" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ct-head.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor cerebral en niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000768.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000768.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los tumores de la glándula pituitaria son comunes. El más común produce hormonas y afecta el equilibrio hormonal del cuerpo. Síntomas, tratamiento. " title="Tumores de la glándula pituitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html" id="5329" language="Spanish" date-created="12/23/2009">
<also-called>Tumor de la hipófisis</also-called>
<also-called>Tumor hipofisario</also-called>
<also-called>Tumor pituitario</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Su glándula pituitaria es del tamaño de una arveja y está en la base de su cerebro. La glándula pituitaria es la "glándula de control maestro", produce las hormonas que están relacionadas con el crecimiento y las funciones de otras glándulas del cuerpo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tumores de la glándula pituitaria son comunes, pero usualmente no causan problemas de salud. La mayoría de las personas con tumores de la glándula pituitaria nunca saben que los tienen. El tumor más común es el que produce hormonas e interfiere con el equilibrio hormonal de su cuerpo. Esto puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html"&gt;trastornos endocrinos&lt;/a&gt; como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Cushing&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html"&gt;hipertiroidismo&lt;/a&gt;. 
Los síntomas de los tumores pituitarios incluyen:
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de los tumores pituitarios incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas de visión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Náusea y vómito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas causados por la producción de demasiadas hormonas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los tumores de la glándula pituitaria en general curables. El tratamiento, en la mayoría de los casos, es extirpar el tumor. Otras opciones son medicinas, radiación y quimioterapia.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Sistema endocrino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarytumors.html" id="5328" language="English">Pituitary Tumors</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html" id="2091">Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria</related-topic>
<see-reference>Glándula pituitaria, Tumor</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hipófisis, Tumor</see-reference>
<site title="Alta tras radiocirugía estereotáctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000131.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (craneofaringioma infantil)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_39" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_49">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (tumores de hipófisis)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hipofisis/paciente/tratamiento-hipofisis-pdq#_55" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq#_53">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Craneofaringioma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000345.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000345.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los tumores de hipófisis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hipofisis/paciente/tratamiento-hipofisis-pdq#_31" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estadios del craneofaringioma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_34" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_25">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Examen de corticotropina en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003695.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003695.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003718.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003718.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glándula pituitaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000099.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hormona-adrenocorticotropica-acth/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adrenocorticotropic-hormone-acth/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infarto de la hipófisis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001167.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001167.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el craneofaringioma infantil" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cerebro/paciente/tratamiento-craneo-infantil-pdq#_3" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre los tumores de hipófisis" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/hipofisis/paciente/tratamiento-hipofisis-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niveles de prolactina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-prolactina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prolactin-levels/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prolactinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000336.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000336.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prolactinoma" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-endocrinas/prolactinoma" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/prolactinoma">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de IGF-1 (factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina 1)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-igf-1-factor-de-crecimiento-similar-a-la-insulina-1/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/igf-1-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de TSH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de la hormona del crecimiento" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-hormona-del-crecimiento/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/growth-hormone-tests">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Radioterapia de haz externo para el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/tratamiento/tipos/radioterapia/haz-externo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Resonancia magnética de la cabeza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003791.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003791.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="RMN del cerebro" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mri-brain" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mri-brain">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumor hipofisario" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000704.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tumores de la glándula pituitaria" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/tumores-de-la-glandula-pituitaria" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pituitary-tumors">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumores pituitarios" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pituitarytumors/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pituitarytumors/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los tumores pituitarios?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/pituitarytumors/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pituitarytumors/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los tumores en el embarazo son raros. El tratamiento depende del tipo de tumor, si éste se ha diseminado a otras partes del cuerpo y su estado de salud. " title="Tumores durante el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5535" language="Spanish" date-created="06/21/2010">
<also-called>Cáncer durante el embarazo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Los tumores durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; son raros, pero suceden. Los tumores pueden ser benignos o malignos.  Los tumores benignos no son cáncer. Los malignos sí. Los cánceres más comunes en el embarazo son el de mama, de cuello uterino, linfoma y melanoma. El cáncer raras veces afecta al feto y algunos tratamientos son seguros durante el embarazo. Usted y su médico buscarán el mejor tratamiento. Sus opciones dependerán de cuán avanzado esté su embarazo, así como también el tipo, tamaño y estadio del cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Otro tipo de tumor es la enfermedad trofoblástica de la gestación. Esto sucede cuando el feto no se desarrolla luego de la unión del óvulo y del esperma. Esta enfermedad no siempre es fácil de detectar. Generalmente es benigno pero algunos tipos pueden ser malignos. El tipo más común de la enfermedad trofoblástica de la gestación es el embarazo molar. En sus estadios más tempranos, puede parecer como un embarazo normal. Deber ver a su proveedor de cuidados de salud si tiene sangrado vaginal (no menstruación). &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende el tipo de tumor, si se diseminó a otros lugares y su estado de salud general.  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancers.html" id="1">Cánceres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5534" language="English">Tumors and Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NCI">Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Cáncer en el embarazo</see-reference>
<see-reference>Embarazo y cáncer</see-reference>
<see-reference>Embarazo, Tumor</see-reference>
<site title="Coriocarcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001496.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuando se descubre cáncer de seno durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/pruebas-de-deteccion-y-deteccion-temprana-del-cancer-de-seno/cuando-se-descubre-cancer-de-seno-durante-el-embarazo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/moreinformation/pregnancy-and-breast-cancer">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer durante el embarazo" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-femenina/embarazo-complicado-por-la-enfermedad/c%C3%A1ncer-durante-el-embarazo">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cáncer durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/cancer-during-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/cancer-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo seleccionar a un médico" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosticada durante el embarazo: La historia del cáncer de seno de una madre joven" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/diagnosticada-durante-el-embarazo-la-historia-del-cancer-de-seno-de-una-madre-joven" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/diagnosed-when-pregnant-a-young-moms-breast-cancer-story">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diccionario de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo molar" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375175?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375175?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007333.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007333.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estadios de los tumores y las neoplasias trofoblásticas de la gestación" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/trofoblastico-gestacion/paciente/tratamiento-etg-pdq#section/_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic/patient/gtd-treatment-pdq#_21">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exposición al dietilestilbestrol y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feocromocitoma durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#section/_122" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#_275">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el tratamiento del cáncer de mama durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-embarazo-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/pregnancy-breast-treatment-pdq#_63">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre la enfermedad trofoblástica de la gestación" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/trofoblastico-gestacion/paciente/tratamiento-etg-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic/patient/gtd-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mola hidatiforme" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento/tratamiento-cancer-durante-embarazo" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment/cancer-treatment-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del cáncer de seno durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/tratamiento/tratamiento-del-cancer-de-seno-durante-el-embarazo.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment/treating-breast-cancer-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del linfoma de Hodgkin durante el embarazo" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_218" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_218">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Tumors during pregnancy are rare, but they can happen. Treatment depends on the type of tumor, whether it has spread, and your overall health." title="Tumors and Pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5534" language="English" date-created="06/09/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Tumors during &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt; are rare, but they can happen. Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer. Malignant ones are. The most common cancers in pregnancy are breast cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma.  Cancer itself rarely harms the baby, and some cancer treatments are safe during pregnancy.  You and your health care provider will work together to find the best treatment.  Your options will depend on how far along the pregnancy is, as well as the type, size, and stage of your cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another type of tumor that women can get is called a gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It happens when a fertilized egg doesn't become a fetus.  GTD is not always easy to find.  It is usually benign, but some types can be malignant. The most common type of GTD is a molar pregnancy. In its early stages, it may look like a normal pregnancy. You should see your health care provider if you have vaginal bleeding (not menstrual bleeding). &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the type of tumor, whether it has spread to other places, and your overall health.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tumorsandpregnancy.html" id="5535" language="Spanish">Tumores durante el embarazo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011252">Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011248">Pregnancy Complications</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009369">Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011247">Pregnancy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tumorsandpregnancy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Cancer and Pregnancy</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gestational Trophoblastic Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Molar Pregnancy</see-reference>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/cancer-during-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/tomar-decisiones-sobre-el-tratamiento/cancer-during-pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Treatment during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/treatment/cancer-treatment-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/tratamiento/tratamiento-cancer-durante-embarazo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choriocarcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001496.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Cancer and Pregnancy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=cancer+AND+pregnancy&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gestational+Trophoblastic+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hydatidiform Mole" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hydatidiform+Mole%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy+Complications,+Neoplastic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosed When Pregnant: A Young Mom's Breast Cancer Story" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/diagnosed-when-pregnant-a-young-moms-breast-cancer-story" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/diagnosticada-durante-el-embarazo-la-historia-del-cancer-de-seno-de-una-madre-joven">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/gestationaldisease">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Breast Cancer Treatment during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/pregnancy-breast-treatment-pdq#_63" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/seno/paciente/tratamiento-seno-embarazo-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gestational trophoblastic disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007333.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007333.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Treatment (PDQ®) - Patient Version" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic/patient/gtd-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/trofoblastico-gestacion/paciente/tratamiento-etg-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Treatment (PDQ®) - Patient Version" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic/patient/gtd-treatment-pdq">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydatidiform mole" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000909.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000909.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molar Pregnancy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375175?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375175?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pheochromocytoma during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/patient/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#_275" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/feocromocitoma/paciente/tratamiento-feocromocitoma-pdq#section/_122">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tumors and Pregnancy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy+Complications%2C+Neoplastic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%28+%22Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Pregnancy+Complications%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+OR+%28+%22Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Pregnancy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Treating Breast Cancer during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/treatment/treating-breast-cancer-during-pregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-seno/tratamiento/tratamiento-del-cancer-de-seno-durante-el-embarazo.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma during Pregnancy" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq#_218" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-hodgkin-adultos-pdq#_218">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects a girl's development. The cause is a missing or incomplete X chromosome. Learn more." title="Turner Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html" id="1504" language="English" date-created="06/28/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Turner syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Turner syndrome is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html"&gt;genetic disorder&lt;/a&gt; that affects a girl's development and appearance. It can also cause health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html"&gt;infertility&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart problems&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Turner syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
Turner syndrome happens because of a problem with a chromosome. Chromosomes are tiny "packages" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works.  Normally, girls receive one X chromosome from each parent. Turner syndrome happens when one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Turner syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Turner syndrome can cause many different symptoms. The symptoms may be mild for some people. But for others, Turner syndrome can cause serious health problems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the symptoms of Turner syndrome affect a person's appearance. Most people with Turner syndrome are shorter than average. They may also have physical features such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A neck that is short and has extra skin (a "webbed" neck)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A low hairline in the back&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Low-set ears&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Swollen hands and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People with Turner syndrome may be born with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;heart&lt;/a&gt; and kidney defects. They usually don't have typical sexual development and are infertile. They are also at risk for other health problems such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;thyroid problems&lt;/a&gt;.

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;How is Turner syndrome diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health care providers diagnose Turner syndrome based on symptoms and a genetic blood test called a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/"&gt;karyotype test&lt;/a&gt;. Sometimes it is found in &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html"&gt;prenatal testing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Turner syndrome?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There is no cure for Turner syndrome, but there are treatments for some of the symptoms:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If they are started in early childhood, &lt;strong&gt;hormone injections&lt;/strong&gt; can often increase adult height by a few inches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Estrogen replacement therapy&lt;/strong&gt; (ERT) can help start sexual development. It also protects against bone loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;Assisted reproduction technologies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can help some women with Turner syndrome get pregnant&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who have Turner syndrome need regular health checks. It's also important for them to have a care team that includes specialists who can treat the health problems caused by Turner syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinesystem.html" id="23">Endocrine System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html" id="2208" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Turner</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014424">Turner Syndrome</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<site title="About Turner Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Turner-Syndrome">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Turner Syndrome" url="https://www.turnersyndrome.org/ts-overview">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Turner Syndrome Society of the United States</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Turner Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Turner+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Turner Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Other Turner Syndrome: FAQs" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/more_information/other-faqs" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/preguntas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Turner Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Turner+Syndrome%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Turner Syndrome" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Turner Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/turner-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360782?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turner syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000379.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000379.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turner Syndrome (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/turner.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/turner.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turner Syndrome (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/turner.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/turner.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Turner Syndrome: A Guide for Families" url="https://media.wix.com/ugd/8fb9de_3b42111faa254ab2b193ecb33f71e937.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Turner Syndrome Society of the United States</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Turner syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/turner-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Common Treatments for Turner Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo/treatment" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Turner Syndrome?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/turner/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Bone Age Study (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Being pregnant with multiples raises your risk of pregnancy and childbirth problems. Learn how to stay healthy, prepare for birth, and plan for parenting." title="Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births" url="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="1520" language="English" date-created="08/14/2001">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you are pregnant with more than one baby, you are far from alone. Multiple births are up in the United States.  More women are having babies after age 30 and more are taking fertility drugs. Both boost the chance of carrying more than one baby. A family history of twins also makes multiples more likely.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Years ago, most twins came as a surprise. Now, most women know about a multiple pregnancy early. Women with multiple pregnancies should see their health care providers more often than women who are expecting one baby. Multiple pregnancy babies have a much higher risk of being born &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html"&gt;prematurely&lt;/a&gt; and having a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html"&gt;low birth weight&lt;/a&gt;.  There is also more of a risk of disabilities. Some women have to go on bed rest to delay labor. Finally, they may deliver by &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;C-section&lt;/a&gt;, especially if there are three babies or more.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Parenting multiples can be a challenge. Volunteer help and support groups for parents of multiples can help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html" id="2209" language="Spanish">Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059286">Pregnancy, Triplet</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059285">Pregnancy, Twin</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059287">Pregnancy, Quadruplet</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059288">Pregnancy, Quintuplet</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" id="1105">Health Problems in Pregnancy</related-topic>
<see-reference>Multiple Births</see-reference>
<see-reference>Triplets</see-reference>
<site title="Being Pregnant with Twins, Triplets, and Other Multiples" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/being-pregnant-twins-triplets-and-other-multiples" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/como-cuidar-a-varios-bebes.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Challenges of Parenting Multiples" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/challenges-of-parenting-multiples/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Pregnancy, Multiple" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Pregnancy,+Multiple%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Twins" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Twins%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Difference Between Identical and Fraternal Twins" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/Pages/The-Difference-Between-Identical-and-Fraternal-Twins.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/the-difference-between-identical-and-fraternal-twins.aspx">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Expert Tips on Parenting Multiples" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/Pages/Expert-Tips-on-Parenting-Multiples.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/family-life/family-dynamics/paginas/expert-tips-on-parenting-multiples.aspx">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fertility Drugs and the Risk of Multiple Births" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/fertility-drugs-and-the-risk-of-multiple-births/" language-mapped-url="https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/spanish-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/los_farmacos_para_la_fertilidad_y_el_riesgo_de_partos_multiples-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Having Twins? How to Stay Healthy" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/ages-stages/prenatal/pages/having-twins-how-to-stay-healthy.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/Paginas/Having-Twins-How-to-Stay-Healthy.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Pregnancy" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/multiple-pregnancy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Multiple Pregnancy and Multiple Births: Understanding the Risks for Mothers and Babies" url="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/browse-resources/videos/sart-fyi-multiple-pregnancy-multiple-birth/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Reproductive Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obstetric Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/obstetricus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/obstetricus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Testing: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for Multiple Births" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/multiple-births.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/multiple-births.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pregnancy%2C+Twin%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pregnancy%2C+Triplet%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pregnancy%2C+Quadruplet%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Pregnancy%2C+Quintuplet%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000132.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000132.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001595.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El tétanos es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria clostridium. Puede entrar al cuerpo a traves de un corte profundo. Prevención, síntomas, tratamiento." title="Tétanos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html" id="2192" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Trismo</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El tétanos es una enfermedad seria causada por la bacteria clostridium. La bacteria vive en el suelo, la saliva, el polvo y en el estiércol. Las bacterias suelen ingresar al cuerpo a través de un corte profundo, como los que ocurren cuando uno pisa un clavo, o a través de una quemadura.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La infección causa un espasmo doloroso de los músculos, por lo general en todo el cuerpo. Puede conducir a un "bloqueo" de la mandíbula, lo que hace imposible abrir la boca o tragar. El tétanos es una emergencia médica, por lo que debe tratarse en un hospital.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;vacuna&lt;/a&gt; contra el tétanos puede prevenir la enfermedad. Se provee como parte del programa de inmunización durante la infancia. Los adultos deben aplicarse una nueva dosis o refuerzo cada 10 años. Si sufre una cortadura o quemadura severa, busque ayuda médica; es posible que necesite un refuerzo. El cuidado inmediato  y adecuado de la herida puede prevenir la infección por tétanos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y Prevención de las Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html" id="435" language="English">Tetanus</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6323">Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</related-topic>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tétano" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/tetanus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tetanus.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tétano" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/tetanus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/tetanus.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tétano (trismo)" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/es/diseases/communicable/tetanus/fact_sheet.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tétanos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000615.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000615.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tétanos: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tetanus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351631?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tétanos: síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/tetanus/symptoms-causes/syc-20351625?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ulcerative Colitis (UC) can cause long-lasting swelling and ulcers in the large intestine. It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease. Find out more." title="Ulcerative Colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="446" language="English" date-created="01/01/1999">
<also-called>Colitis</also-called>
<also-called>Distal colitis</also-called>
<also-called>Pancolitis</also-called>
<also-called>Ulcerative proctitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;UC can happen at any age, but it usually starts between the ages of 15 and 30. It tends to run in families. The most common symptoms are pain in the abdomen and blood or pus in diarrhea. Other symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anemia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Severe tiredness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weight loss&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Loss of appetite&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding from the rectum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sores on the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Joint pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Growth failure in children&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;About half of people with UC have mild symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors use blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, and imaging tests to diagnose UC. Several types of drugs can help control it. Some people have long periods of remission, when they are free of symptoms. In severe cases, doctors must remove the colon.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html" id="2210" language="Spanish">Colitis ulcerativa</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003093">Colitis, Ulcerative</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/ulcerativecolitis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html" id="119">Crohn's Disease</related-topic>
<see-reference>Colitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inflammatory Bowel Disease</see-reference>
<site title="American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons" url="https://fascrs.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anal Abscess and Fistula" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/abscess-and-fistula-expanded-information" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/absceso-anal-y-la-fistula">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20352231?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis and Joint Pain in IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/arthritiscomplications.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Barium enema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003817.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003817.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Black or tarry stools" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone Loss in IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/boneloss.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calprotectin Stool Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calprotectin-stool-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calprotectina-fecal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Colitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Colitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Colitis, Ulcerative" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Colitis,+Ulcerative%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Inflammatory+Bowel+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003886.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colonoscopy: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colostomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100011_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100011_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crohn's Disease &amp; Ulcerative Colitis: A Guide for Parents and Pediatric Caregivers" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/parents-guide-brochure-final-online.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Emotional Factors" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/emotional.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Current Research Initiatives" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/research/current-research-initiatives">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnosing and Monitoring IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/diagnosing-monitoring-ibd-brochure-final-rev062518.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="ESR" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003638.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003638.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Complications" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/eyes.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Gastroenterologist" url="https://gi.org/patients/find-a-gastroenterologist/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Gastroenterology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Healthcare Maintenance of IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/healthmaint.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gut Troubles: Pain, Gassiness, Bloating, and More" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/02/gut-troubles" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-intestinales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="IBD and Fatigue" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/pain-and-fatigue/fatigue-causes">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammation" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/inflammation">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/inflammatory-bowel-disease" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/inflammatory-bowel-disease">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
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<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease (For Children)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/ibd.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ibd.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ibd.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Facts and Stats" url="https://www.cdc.gov/inflammatory-bowel-disease/php/facts-stats/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Inflammatory bowel disease - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100171_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100171_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Nutrition" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/resources/IBD-NutritionInfo.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/IBD%20&amp;%20NUTRITION-Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Intestinal Complications of IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/intestinalcomps.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidney Disorders" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/kidney.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Large bowel resection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002941.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002941.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000151.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Large bowel resection - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100089_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100089_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Liver Complications" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/liver-disease.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low-fiber diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Managing Flares and IBD Symptoms" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/managing-flares-brochure-final-online.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental and Emotional Well-Being" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/youth-parent-resources/teens">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ostomy Surgery of the Bowel" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ostomy-surgery-bowel">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Enteropathic Arthritis / Arthritis Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease" url="https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/overview-of-spondyloarthritis/enteropathic-arthritis/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Spondylitis Association of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Phosphorus blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003478.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003478.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/pregnancyfactsheet.pdf">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-higado/colangitis-esclerosante-primaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-usefulness-and-safety">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Proctitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/proctitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Ulcerative Colitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colitis%2C+Ulcerative%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Sex, Intimacy, and IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/ibdsexuality.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Skin Complications of IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/skin.pdf">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/surgery">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total colectomy or proctocolectomy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000153.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Total proctocolectomy and ileal-anal pouch" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007380.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007380.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Toxic megacolon" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000248.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000248.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traveling with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-is-ibd/traveling-with-ibd">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
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<site title="Types of Ulcerative Colitis" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/types-of-ulcerative-colitis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulcerative Colitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ulcerative Colitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353326?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353326?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
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<site title="Ulcerative colitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000250.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Ulcerative Colitis - children - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000936.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000936.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulcerative colitis - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000203.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulcerative Colitis Treatment Options" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientsandcaregivers/what-is-ulcerative-colitis/treatment-options">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ulcerative colitis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ulcerative-colitis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Understanding IBD Medications and Side Effects" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/understanding-ibd-medications-brochure-final-online2.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Virtual colonoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007253.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007253.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="What is Complementary Medicine?" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/patientandcaregivers/ibd/complementary-medicine">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
</site>
<site title="White Blood Cell (WBC) in Stool" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/white-blood-cell-wbc-in-stool/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/globulos-blancos-en-las-heces/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Young Adults and IBD" url="https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/pdfs/youngadultfacts.pdf">
<information-category>Adults</information-category>
<organization>Crohn's &amp; Colitis Foundation of America</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It can be scary when your baby is sick. You may not know whether the problem is serious or how to treat it. Read about what to do." title="Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5431" language="English" date-created="05/17/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;It can be scary when your baby is sick, especially when it is not an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html"&gt;everyday problem&lt;/a&gt; like a cold or a fever.  You may not know whether the problem is serious or how to treat it.  If you have concerns about your baby's health, call your health care provider right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Learning information about your baby's condition can help ease your worry.  Do not be afraid to ask questions about your baby's care. By working together with your health care provider, you make sure that your baby gets the best care possible.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5432" language="Spanish">Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007232">Infant, Newborn, Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uncommoninfantandnewbornproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/babyhealthcheckup.html" id="5435">Baby Health Checkup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html" id="1127">Birth Defects</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html" id="6105">Birth Weight</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html" id="5428">Common Infant and Newborn Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html" id="1549">Infant and Newborn Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html" id="1548">Infant and Newborn Development</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html" id="3750">Infant and Newborn Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html" id="6005">Medicines and Children</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html" id="1519">Premature Babies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html" id="5901">Rh Incompatibility</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html" id="504">Sudden Infant Death Syndrome</related-topic>
<site title="Anemia caused by low iron - infants and toddlers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007618.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia in the Newborn" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/blood-problems-in-newborns/anemia-in-the-newborn" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/salud-infantil/problemas-sangu%C3%ADneos-en-el-reci%C3%A9n-nacido/anemia-en-el-reci%C3%A9n-nacido">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biliary Atresia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/biliary-atresia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Biliary Atresia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/biliary-atresia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/biliary-atresia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Brief resolved unexplained event -- BRUE" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007683.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007683.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/displasia-broncopulmonar">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Caput succedaneum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001587.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest Pain in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/chest-pain-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/dolor-en-el-pecho-en-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Infant, Newborn, Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Infant,+Newborn,+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Childhood Orthopedic Conditions" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/common-ortho.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/common-ortho.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Craniotabes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001591.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001591.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Excessive crying in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003023.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003023.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002923.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exchange transfusion - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100018_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100018_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Failure to thrive" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000991.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000991.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Failure to Thrive (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/failure-thrive.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/failure-thrive.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Feeding Problems in Infants and Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/feeding-problems-infants-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-para-alimentar-lactantes-y-ninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fetal Macrosomia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fetal-macrosomia/symptoms-causes/syc-20372579?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Pediatrician or Pediatric Specialist" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/pages/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/tips-tools/find-pediatrician/paginas/pediatrician-referral-service.aspx">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding a Doctor for Your New Baby" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/find-ped.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/find-ped.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelles - bulging" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003310.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelles - enlarged" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003311.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003311.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fontanelles - sunken" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003309.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003309.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frontal bossing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003301.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003301.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fussy or irritable child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003214.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003214.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Problems in Infants (Female)" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-infants-female/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-genitales-femeninos/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting the Most From a Doctor's Visit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/talk-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/talk-doctor.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Home apnea monitor use - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000755.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Give Your Child Medicine" url="https://familydoctor.org/how-to-give-your-child-medicine/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-dar-un-medicamento-a-su-hijo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperglycemia - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007228.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infantile pyloric stenosis - Series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100095_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100095_1.htm">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intussusception" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/intussusception.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/intussusception.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intussusception - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000958.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000958.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="KidsHealth" url="https://kidshealth.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngomalacia" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laryngomalacia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/laryngomalacia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Calcium in Babies (Hypocalcemia)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypocalcemia.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hypocalcemia.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low calcium level - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007229.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007229.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal hypothyroidism" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001193.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001193.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001563.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001563.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neonatal sepsis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007303.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007303.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neutropenia - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007230.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polycythemia - newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000536.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000536.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infant%2C+Newborn%2C+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D++">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pyloric Stenosis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/pyloric-stenosis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pyloric stenosis in infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000970.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000970.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reflux in Infants: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Repeated Infections in Children" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/repeated-infections-in-children/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/infecciones-reiteradas-en-los-ninos-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sick Baby? When to Seek Medical Attention" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20047793?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spasmus nutans" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001409.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tongue tie" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001640.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001640.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002934.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002934.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tracheomalacia - acquired" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007310.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007310.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient tachypnea - newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007233.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ttn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/ttn.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007320.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Your Baby's in the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/nicu-caring.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/nicu-caring.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="When Your Child's in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/picu.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/picu.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Kids often begin drinking to look &quot;cool&quot; or fit in with their peers. Parents can help their kids avoid alcohol problems. Learn more." title="Underage Drinking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html" id="1313" language="English" date-created="06/26/2000">
<also-called>Teenage drinking</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Alcohol is the most widely misused substance among America's youth. Drinking by young people has big health and safety risks. It is dangerous because it:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Causes many deaths and injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can lead to poor decisions about engaging in risky behavior, such as drinking and driving or unprotected sex&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increases the risk of physical and sexual assault&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Can lead to other problems, such as trouble in school&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;May interfere with brain development&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Increases the risk of alcohol problems later in life&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kids often begin drinking to look "cool" or fit in with their peers. Parents can help their kids avoid alcohol problems.  Open communication and conversations about drinking are important. So is being involved in your child's life. Get help for your child if you suspect a drinking problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Substance Use and Disorders</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html" id="1731" language="Spanish">Alcohol y menores de edad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000066608">Underage Drinking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000293">Adolescent</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000428">Alcohol Drinking</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html" id="1558">Alcohol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html" id="120">Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Alcohol and Youth</see-reference>
<see-reference>Teenage Drinking</see-reference>
<site title="8 Tips for Talking (and Listening) to Your Teens About Drugs and Alcohol" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/8-tips-for-talking-and-listening-to-your-teens-about-drugs-and-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ocho-consejos-para-hablar-sobre-las-drogas-y-el-alcohol-con-los-adolescentes-y-escucharlos">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="A Day in the Life of American Adolescents: Substance Use Facts Update" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/CBHSQ128_1/CBHSQ128/sr128-typical-day-adolescents-2013.pdf">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Underage Drinking" url="https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/underage-drinking/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/alcohol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/alcohol.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/alcohol.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/alcohol.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Answering Questions about Underage Drinking" url="https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0390-answering-questions-about-underage-drinking">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Federal Trade Commission</organization>
</site>
<site title="Binge Drinking" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/binge-drink.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/binge-drink.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Alcohol Level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-alcohol-level/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alcohol-en-la-sangre/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Alcohol and Youth" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=alcohol&amp;term=teen&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College Drinking" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/college-drinking" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/es/publications/el-consumo-de-alcohol-en-la-universidad">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="College Drinking - Changing the Culture" url="https://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Addiction (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/addictions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/addictions.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fall Semester -- A Time for Parents To Discuss the Risks of College Drinking" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/time-for-parents-discuss-risks-college-drinking" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/semestre-de-otono-momento-para-que-los-padres-hablen-sobre-de-los-riesgos-del-consumo-de-alcohol-en">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FindTreatment.gov" url="https://findtreatment.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Make a Difference: Talk to Your Child about Alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/make-a-difference-child-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/haga-la-diferencia-hable-con-sus-hijos-sobre-el-uso-del-alcohol-make-difference-talk-your-child">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Parents -- Talk with Your High School Grads about Celebrating Safely" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/talk-with-your-high-school-grads-about-celebrating-safely" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/padres-hablen-con-sus-hijos-sobre-como-celebrar-su-grado-de-secundaria-de-forma-segura">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Partnership to End Addiction" url="https://drugfree.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Partnership to End Addiction</organization>
</site>
<site title="Underage Drinking" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Underage+Drinking%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Alcohol+Drinking%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Adolescent%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+adolescence+%5Bmh%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risks of underage drinking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000528.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000528.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse Treatment for Children and Adolescents: Questions to Ask" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Substance-Abuse-Treatment-For-Children-And-Adolescents-Questions-To-Ask-041.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/Facts_for_Families_Pages/Spanish/Tratamiento_Para_el_Abuso_de_Substancias_para_Ninos_y_Adolescentes__Que_Preguntar_41.aspx">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking to your teen about drinking" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000505.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Underage Drinking" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/underage-drinking" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/informacion-sobre-el-consumo-de-alcohol-entre-menores-de-edad">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Underage Drinking: What Can Parents Do?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/underage-drinking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/underage-drinking.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="It seems to happen almost every day - you hear about the results of a new medical research study. Learn how to evaluate medical findings." title="Understanding Medical Research" url="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html" id="3894" language="English" date-created="08/16/2004">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;It seems to happen almost every day -  you hear about the results of a new medical research study. Sometimes the results of one study seem to disagree with the results of another study.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's important to be critical when reading or listening to reports of new medical findings. Some questions that can help you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html"&gt;evaluate&lt;/a&gt; health information include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Was the study in animals or people? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Does the study include people like you? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How big was the study?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Was it a randomized controlled &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clinicaltrials.html"&gt;clinical trial&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Where was the research done? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If a new treatment was being tested, were there side effects? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Who paid for the research?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Who is reporting the results?  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Social/Family Issues</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthissues.html" id="41">Personal Health Issues</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D035843">Biomedical Research</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007722">Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/understandingmedicalresearch.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/understandingmedicalresearch.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/understandingmedicalresearch.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/understandingmedicalresearch.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/understandingmedicalresearch.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/understandingmedicalresearch.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/understandingmedicalresearch.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
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<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html" id="3176">Evaluating Health Information</related-topic>
<see-reference>Medical Research</see-reference>
<site title="Amazing Organisms and the Lessons They Can Teach Us" url="https://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2019/05/amazing-organisms-and-the-lessons-they-can-teach-us/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of General Medical Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Be a Citizen Scientist: Help Researchers Solve Puzzling Problems" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/11/be-citizen-scientist" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sea-un-cientifico-ciudadano">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Research" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/clinical-research" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/investigacion-clinica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Research FAQ" url="https://www.genome.gov/FAQ/Clinical-Research">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov Glossary Terms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-studies/glossary">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Discoveries in Basic Science: A Perfectly Imperfect Process" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/10/discoveries-basic-science" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/descubrimientos-en-ciencia-basica">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Know the Science: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/know-science/how-to-make-sense-of-a-scientific-journal-article/overview">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Making Sense of Your Health Risks" url="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/institutes/clear-communication/201606-risk-infographic.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Human Genome Research Institute" url="https://www.genome.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Library of Medicine" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Medical Research" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Biomedical+Research%5Bmajr%5D+AND+Health+Knowledge%2C+Attitudes%2C+Practice%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+5+years%22+%5Bedat%5D&amp;sort=date">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Some Common Abbreviations" url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Understanding Medical Words: A Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/medwords/medicalwords.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Interactive Tutorial</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Word Parts and What They Mean" url="https://medlineplus.gov/appendixa.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Ureteral disorders occur when ureters become blocked or injured, which affect the flow of urine to the bladder. Read more about the ureter function" title="Ureteral Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ureteraldisorders.html" id="5350" language="English" date-created="01/06/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from your blood.  The urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder in two thin tubes called ureters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. Muscles in the ureter walls tighten and relax to force urine down and away from the kidneys. Small amounts of urine flow from the ureters into the bladder about every 10 to 15 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the ureters can become blocked or injured. This can block the flow of urine to the bladder. If urine stands still or backs up the ureter, you may get a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose problems with the ureters using different tests. These include urine tests, x-rays, and examination of the ureter with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. It may include medicines and, in severe cases, surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ureteraldisorders.html" id="5351" language="Spanish">Trastornos del uréter</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014515">Ureteral Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ureteraldisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164">Bladder Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ureteral Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ureteral Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ureteral+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ureteral Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ureteral+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-anomalies-of-kidney-and-urinary-tract">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-celulas-de-transicion-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydronephrosis in Newborns" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Injury - kidney and ureter" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001065.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001065.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ureteral Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ureteral+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retroperitoneal fibrosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000463.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retroperitoneal fibrosis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/retroperitoneal-fibrosis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="UPJ obstruction" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001267.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001267.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureteral reimplantation surgery - children" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007704.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007704.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureteral retrograde brush biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003906.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003906.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ureterocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000462.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Imaging" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns/vesicoureteral-reflux?dkrd=/health-information/urologic-diseases/urine-blockage-newborns/vesicoureteral-reflux">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vesicoureteral-reflux.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vesicoureteral-reflux.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Urethral disorders may cause pain or your ability to urinate. Learn how the common disorders, urethritis and urethral stricture, affect each gender" title="Urethral Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html" id="5352" language="English" date-created="01/06/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The urethra is the tube that allows &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html"&gt;urine&lt;/a&gt; to pass out of the body. In men, it's a long tube that runs through the penis. It also carries semen in men. In women, it's short and is just above the vagina. Urethral problems may happen due to aging, illness, or injury.  They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urethral cancer - a rare cancer that happens more often in men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urethral stricture - a narrowing of the opening of the urethra&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urethritis - inflammation of the urethra, sometimes caused by infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Urethral problems may cause pain or difficulty passing urine.  You may also have bleeding or discharge from the urethra.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors diagnose urethral problems using different tests. These include urine tests, x-rays and an examination of the urethra with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. It may include medicines and, in severe cases, surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html" id="5353" language="Spanish">Trastornos de la uretra</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014522">Urethral Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164">Bladder Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html" id="4889">Urine and Urination</related-topic>
<see-reference>Urethral Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="Blocked Urethral Valves" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/pages/Blocked-Urethral-Valves.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/paginas/blocked-urethral-valves.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chlamydial infections - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000659.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000659.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urethral Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urethral+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urethral Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urethral+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-anomalies-of-kidney-and-urinary-tract">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epispadias" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001285.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001285.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Urethral Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq#_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uretra/paciente/tratamiento-uretra-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hydronephrosis in Newborns" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indwelling catheter care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Meatal stenosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001599.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pediatric VCUG (Voiding Cystourethrogram)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/voidcysto" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/voidcysto">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urethral Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urethral+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - female" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Urethral Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq#_28" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uretra/paciente/tratamiento-uretra-pdq#_22">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic injury of the bladder and urethra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001063.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001063.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Urethral Cancer)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq#_52" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uretra/paciente/tratamiento-uretra-pdq#_46">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urethral discharge culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003750.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003750.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethral Injuries" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/urethral-injuries" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/lesiones-de-las-v%C3%ADas-urinarias-y-de-los-genitales/lesiones-ureterales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethral Stricture" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urethral-stricture/symptoms-causes/syc-20362330?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urethral-stricture/symptoms-causes/syc-20362330?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethral stricture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001271.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001271.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethritis" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/urinary-tract-infections-utis/urethritis" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-renales-y-del-tracto-urinario/infecciones-urinarias-iu/uretritis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urethritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000439.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000439.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary catheters" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Retention" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Imaging" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A urinalysis is a test of your urine. Doctors use urine tests to find issues including UTI and diabetes. Learn about the test and what it checks for." title="Urinalysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" id="6355" language="English" date-created="05/05/2016">
<also-called>UA</also-called>
<also-called>Urine Analysis</also-called>
<also-called>Urine Test</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A urinalysis is a test of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html"&gt;urine&lt;/a&gt;. It is often done to check for a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney problems&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;. You may also have one during a checkup, if you are admitted to the hospital, before you have surgery, or if you are pregnant.  It can also monitor some medical conditions and treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A urinalysis involves checking the urine for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Its color&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Its appearance (whether it is clear or cloudy)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Any odor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The pH level (acidity)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether there are substances that are not normally in urine, such as blood, too much protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether there are cells, crystals, and casts (tube-shaped proteins)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Whether it contains bacteria or other germs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html" id="6356" language="Spanish">Análisis de orina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016482">Urinalysis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinalysis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Hematuria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Proteinuria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Urine Tests</see-reference>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003595.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003595.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bilirubin in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bilirubin-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bilirrubina-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood in the Urine (Hematuria)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood in the Urine (Hematuria) (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hematuria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hematuria.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clean catch urine sample" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007487.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urinalysis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urinalysis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Crystals in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/crystals-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cristales-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Epithelial Cells in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/epithelial-cells-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-celulas-epiteliales-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foamy Urine: What Does It Mean?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Getting a Urine Test (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/video-urtest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/video-urtest.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glucose urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003581.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003581.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ketones urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003585.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003585.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leucine aminopeptidase - urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003617.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003617.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukocyte esterase urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003584.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucus in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mucus-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-moco-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nitrites in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nitrites-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-nitritos-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protein in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/protein-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteinas-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinalysis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urinalysis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RBC urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinalysis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinalysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003579.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary casts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003586.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine - abnormal color" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003139.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine - bloody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Color" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Odor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/urine-odor/basics/definition/SYM-20050704?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine odor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007298.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine pH test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003583.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003583.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein dipstick test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine specific gravity test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003587.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003587.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Test: Dipstick (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dipstick.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dipstick.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest7.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urobilinogen in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/urobilinogen-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-uribilinogeno-en-orina/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Urinary incontinence (UI), the loss of bladder control, is a common condition. Learn about the different types, symptoms, and causes of UI, and treatments." title="Urinary Incontinence" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html" id="114" language="English" date-created="12/18/1998">
<also-called>Bladder control problems</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is urinary incontinence (UI)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control, or being unable to control urination. It is a common condition. It can range from being a minor problem to something that greatly affects your daily life.  In any case, it can get better with proper treatment.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of urinary incontinence (UI)?&lt;/h3&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;There are several different types of UI. Each type has different symptoms and causes:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stress incontinence&lt;/strong&gt; happens when stress or pressure on your bladder causes you to leak urine.  This could be due to coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting something heavy, or physical activity. Causes include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html"&gt;weak pelvic floor muscles&lt;/a&gt; and the bladder being out of its normal position.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Urge, or urgency, incontinence&lt;/strong&gt; happens when you have a strong urge (need) to urinate, and some urine leaks out before you can make it to the toilet. It is often related to an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html"&gt;overactive bladder&lt;/a&gt;. Urge incontinence is most common in older people. It can sometimes be a sign of a &lt;a href="urinarytractinfections.html" tid="448"&gt;urinary tract infection (UTI)&lt;/a&gt;. It can also happen in some &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;neurological conditions&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;multiple sclerosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html"&gt;spinal cord injuries&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Overflow incontinence&lt;/strong&gt; happens when your bladder doesn't empty all the way. This causes too much urine to stay in your bladder. Your bladder gets too full, and you leak urine. This form of UI is most common in men. Some of the causes include tumors, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html"&gt;kidney stones&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, and certain medicines.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Functional incontinence&lt;/strong&gt; happens when a physical or mental &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disability&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html"&gt;trouble speaking&lt;/a&gt;, or some other problem keeps you from getting to the toilet in time. For example, someone with arthritis may have trouble unbuttoning his or her pants, or a person with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html"&gt;Alzheimer's disease&lt;/a&gt; may not realize they need to plan to use the toilet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mixed incontinence&lt;/strong&gt; means that you have more than one type of incontinence. It's usually a combination of stress and urge incontinence.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Transient incontinence&lt;/strong&gt; is urine leakage that is caused by a temporary (transient) situation such as an infection or new medicine. Once the cause is removed, the incontinence goes away.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bedwetting&lt;/strong&gt; refers to urine leakage during sleep. This is most common in children, but adults can also have it.
   &lt;ul&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;Bedwetting is normal for many children. It is more common in boys. Bedwetting is often not considered a health problem, especially when it runs in the family. But if it still happens often at age 5 and older, it may be because of a bladder control problem. This problem could be caused by slow physical development, an illness, making too much urine at night, or another problem. Sometimes there is more than one cause.&lt;/li&gt; 
        &lt;li&gt;In adults, the causes include some medicines, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html"&gt;caffeine&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;. It can also be caused by certain health problems, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinsipidus.html"&gt;diabetes insipidus&lt;/a&gt;, a urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;enlarged prostate&lt;/a&gt; (BPH), and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html"&gt;sleep apnea&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;   
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for urinary incontinence (UI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In adults, you are at higher risk of developing UI if you:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are female, especially after going through pregnancy, childbirth, and/or menopause&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are older. As you age, your urinary tract muscles weaken, making it harder to hold in urine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a man with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html"&gt;prostate problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have certain health problems, such as diabetes, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, or long-lasting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are a smoker&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defect&lt;/a&gt; that affects the structure of your urinary tract&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In children, bedwetting is more common in younger children, boys, and those whose parents wet the bed when they were children.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is urinary incontinence (UI) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. Your provider may ask you to keep a bladder diary for a few days before your appointment. The bladder diary includes how much and when you drink liquids, when and how much you urinate, and whether you leak urine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, which can include a rectal exam. Women may also get a pelvic exam.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html"&gt;Urine&lt;/a&gt; and/or blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bladder function tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;Imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for urinary incontinence (UI)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the type and cause of your UI. You may need a combination of treatments. Your provider may first suggest self-care treatments, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lifestyle changes&lt;/strong&gt; to reduce leaks:
        &lt;ul&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;Drinking the right amount of liquid at the right time&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;Being physically active&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;Staying at a healthy weigh&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;Avoiding constipation&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;Not smoking&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;    
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bladder training.&lt;/strong&gt; This involves urinating according to a schedule. Your provider makes a schedule from you, based on information from your bladder diary. After you adjust to the schedule, you gradually wait a little longer between trips to the bathroom. This can help stretch your bladder so it can hold more urine.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Doing exercises to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles&lt;/strong&gt;. Strong pelvic floor muscles hold in urine better than weak muscles. The strengthening exercises are called Kegel exercises. They involve tightening and relaxing the muscles that control urine flow.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If these treatments do not work, your provider may suggest other options such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines&lt;/strong&gt;, which can be used to
        &lt;ul&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;Relax the bladder muscles, to help prevent bladder spasms&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;Block nerve signals that cause urinary frequency and urgency&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;In men, shrink the prostate and improve urine flow&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;   
&lt;/li&gt;            
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medical devices&lt;/strong&gt;, including
        &lt;ul&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;A catheter, which is a tube to carry urine out of the body. You might use one a few times a day or all the time.&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;For women, a ring or a tampon-like device inserted into the vagina. The devices pushes up against your urethra to help decrease leaks.&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulking agents&lt;/strong&gt;, which are injected into the bladder neck and urethra tissues to thicken them. This helps close your bladder opening so you have less leaking.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Electrical nerve stimulation&lt;/strong&gt;, which involves changing your bladder's reflexes using pulses of electricity&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surgery&lt;/strong&gt; to support the bladder in its normal position. This may be done with a sling that is attached to the pubic bone.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadults.html" id="6">Older Adults</group>
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<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014549">Urinary Incontinence</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004775">Enuresis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
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<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html" id="6132">Overactive Bladder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="1677">Pelvic Floor Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html" id="448">Urinary Tract Infections</related-topic>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
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<health-topic meta-desc="You may have a urinary tract infection (UTI) if you feel a burn while urinating or suffer from lower body pressure. Uncover a list of UTI symptoms" title="Urinary Tract Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html" id="448" language="English" date-created="07/01/1999">
<also-called>UTI</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The urinary system is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may have a UTI if you notice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain or burning when you urinate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fever, tiredness, or shakiness&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An urge to urinate often&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pressure in your lower belly &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy or reddish&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain in your back or side below the ribs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People of any age or sex can get UTIs. But about four times as many women get UTIs as men. You're also at higher risk if you have diabetes, need a tube to drain your bladder, or have a spinal cord injury.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you think you have a UTI it is important to see your doctor. Your doctor can tell if you have a UTI with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html"&gt;urine test&lt;/a&gt;.  Treatment is with antibiotics. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html" id="2212" language="Spanish">Infecciones de las vías urinarias</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014552">Urinary Tract Infections</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urinarytractinfections.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164">Bladder Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" id="6355">Urinalysis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bladder Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infections, Bladder</see-reference>
<see-reference>Kidney Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pyelonephritis</see-reference>
<see-reference>UTI</see-reference>
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<site title="Catheter-related UTI" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000483.htm">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
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<site title="Frequent or urgent urination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm">
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<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leukocyte esterase urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003584.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003584.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mucus in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mucus-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-moco-en-la-orina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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<site title="Nitrites in Urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nitrites-in-urine/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-nitritos-en-la-orina/">
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and Related Conditions (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/recurrent-uti-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/recurrent-uti-infections.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Health" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/urinary/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/urinary/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Imaging" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Infection" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/urinary-tract-infections" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/urinary-tract-infections">
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<site title="Urinary tract infection - adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000521.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000521.htm">
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</site>
<site title="Urination - painful" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine - bloody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003751.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003751.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine culture - catheterized specimen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003752.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003752.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine odor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007298.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein dipstick test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003580.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003580.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein electrophoresis test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Tests (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/labtest7.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Voiding cystourethrogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003784.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A healthy bladder can hold up to 16 ounces of urine for 2 to 5 hours. If this isn't the norm, read about the problems it may be attributed to." title="Urine and Urination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html" id="4889" language="English" date-created="12/02/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from your blood. The waste is called urea. Your blood carries it to the kidneys. From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until you are ready to urinate. It swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty. If your urinary system is healthy, your bladder can hold up to 16 ounces (2 cups) of urine comfortably for 2 to 5 hours.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may have problems with urination if you have:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;Kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html"&gt;Urinary tract infections&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html"&gt;enlarged prostate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bladder control problems like  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;incontinence&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html"&gt;overactive bladder&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html"&gt;interstitial cystitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A blockage that prevents you from emptying your bladder &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some conditions may also cause you to have blood or protein in your urine. If you have a urinary problem, see your health care provider. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html"&gt;Urinalysis&lt;/a&gt; and other urine tests can help to diagnose the problem. Treatment depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html" id="4890" language="Spanish">Orina y micción</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D059411">Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014554">Urination</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014555">Urination Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014556">Urine</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/urineandurination.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html" id="164">Bladder Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html" id="6196">Enlarged Prostate (BPH)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html" id="1274">Interstitial Cystitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html" id="91">Kidney Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html" id="6132">Overactive Bladder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ureteraldisorders.html" id="5350">Ureteral Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html" id="5352">Urethral Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" id="6355">Urinalysis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html" id="114">Urinary Incontinence</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html" id="448">Urinary Tract Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dysuria</see-reference>
<see-reference>Micturition</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pee</see-reference>
<see-reference>Urination</see-reference>
<site title="15 Tips to Keep Your Bladder Healthy" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/bladder-health-and-incontinence/15-tips-keep-your-bladder-healthy">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chloride - urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003601.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003601.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chyluria (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chyluria.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chyluria.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clean catch urine sample" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007487.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007487.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Dysuria" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Dysuria%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lower+Urinary+Tract+Symptoms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urination" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urination%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urination Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urination+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Urine" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Urine%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cystoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003903.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cytology exam of urine" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003905.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003905.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fainting during Urination (Micturition Syncope): What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/FAQ-20058084?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasovagal-syncope/expert-answers/micturition-syncope/faq-20058084?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foamy Urine: What Does It Mean?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/foamy-urine/expert-answers/faq-20057871?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fractional excretion of sodium" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003602.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003602.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequent or urgent urination" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Frequent Urination" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/frequent-urination/basics/definition/SYM-20050712?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/frequent-urination/basics/definition/sym-20050712?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hydronephrosis in Newborns" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hydronephrosis-newborns" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/hidronefrosis-recien-nacidos">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Indwelling catheter care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000140.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ochoa syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ochoa-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osmolality urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003609.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003609.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osmotic diuresis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001266.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001266.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine and Urination" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Urine%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Urination+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Urination%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Lower+Urinary+Tract+Symptoms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RBC urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003582.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003582.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - female" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000144.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Self catheterization - male" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000143.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sodium urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003599.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003599.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Study Discovers Gene that Helps Us Know when It's Time to Urinate" url="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/study-discovers-gene-helps-us-know-when-its-time-urinate">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suprapubic catheter care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urea nitrogen urine test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003605.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003605.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinalysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003579.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003579.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinalysis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary catheters" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003981.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003981.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary catheters - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000230.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Diversion" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-diversion" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/derivacion-urinaria">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Dysfunction" url="https://www.pcf.org/about-prostate-cancer/prostate-cancer-side-effects/urinary-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Prostate Cancer Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary incontinence products - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000146.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Retention" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-retention" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/retencion-urinaria">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinary Tract and How It Works" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urinating more at night" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003141.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003141.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urination - difficulty with flow" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003143.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003143.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urination - excessive amount" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003146.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003146.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urination - painful" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003145.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urination Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/urination-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-al-orinar/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine - abnormal color" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003139.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine - bloody" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003138.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine 24-hour volume" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003425.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine chemistry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003342.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine collection - infants" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003417.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003417.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Color" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine concentration test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003608.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003608.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003751.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003751.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine culture - catheterized specimen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003752.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003752.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine drainage bags" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000142.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine drug screen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003364.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003364.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Odor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/urine-odor/basics/definition/SYM-20050704?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine odor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007298.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007298.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine output - decreased" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003147.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine protein electrophoresis test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003589.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003589.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urine Test: Dipstick (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dipstick.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dipstick.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urodynamic Testing" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urodynamic-testing" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-urodinamicas">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uroflowmetry" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003325.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La urticaria son ronchas rojizas que pueden producir  picazón en la piel. Suele ser causada por una reacción alérgica. Causas, síntomas, tratamientos. " title="Urticaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html" id="1959" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Ronchas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La urticaria son ronchas rojizas que a veces producen picazón en la piel. Suele ser causada por una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html"&gt;reacción alérgica&lt;/a&gt; a un medicamento o una comida. Las reacciones alérgicas provocan en el cuerpo la liberación de sustancias químicas que hacen que la piel se inflame y se formen las ronchas. Las personas que tienen otras alergias son más propensas a tener urticaria. Entre otras posibles causas se encuentran las infecciones y el estrés. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La urticaria es muy común. Suele desaparecer por sí sola, pero si el caso es serio, es posible que se necesiten medicinas o una inyección. En raras ocasiones, la urticaria puede causar una inflamación peligrosa en las vías respiratorias y dificultar la respiración. Esto es una emergencia médica. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/symptoms.html" id="31">Síntomas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html" id="289" language="English">Hives</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html" id="1734">Alergia</related-topic>
<site title="Alergia al sol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sun-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20378077?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angioedema" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000846.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000846.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ayuda con la urticaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hives.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hives.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones alérgicas a medicamentos y fármacos" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/reacciones-alergicas-a-medicamentos-y-farmacos-con" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/medications-and-drug-allergic-reactions">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Receta de baño de lejía para afecciones cutáneas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/receta-de-bano-de-lejia-para-afecciones-cutaneas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ronchas agudas y ronchas crónicas" url="https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Spanish/EL-hives-patent-spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000845.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000845.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/hives.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/pages/Hives.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hives.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hives.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/hives.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria" url="https://healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/paginas/hives.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria (ronchas) inducida por el ejercicio" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/urticaria-ronchas-inducida-por-el-ejercicio-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/exercise-induced-urticaria/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria por frío" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cold-urticaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371046?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-urticaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371046?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria y angioedema" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticaria y angioedema: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354914?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Usher syndrome is an inherited disease that causes serious hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (eye disorder). Read the three types of the syndrome." title="Usher Syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ushersyndrome.html" id="4368" language="English" date-created="05/11/2006">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Usher syndrome is an inherited disease that causes serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html"&gt;retinitis pigmentosa&lt;/a&gt;, an eye disorder that causes your vision to get worse over time. It is the most common condition that affects both hearing and vision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are three types of Usher syndrome:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with type I are deaf from birth and have severe balance problems from a young age. Vision problems usually start by age 10 and lead to blindness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with type II have moderate to severe hearing loss and normal balance. Vision problems start in the early teens and get worse more slowly than in type I.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with type III are born with normal hearing and near-normal balance but develop vision problems and then hearing loss.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is no cure. Tools such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html"&gt;hearing aids&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html"&gt;cochlear implants&lt;/a&gt; can help some people. Training such as Braille instruction, low-vision services, or auditory training can also help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/earnoseandthroat.html" id="16">Ear, Nose and Throat</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ushersyndrome.html" id="4369" language="Spanish">Síndrome de Usher</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D052245">Usher Syndromes</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ushersyndrome.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Usher Syndromes" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Usher+Syndromes%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Facts about Usher Syndrome" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/usher-syndrome">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usher Syndrome" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Usher+Syndromes%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis Pigmentosa" url="https://www.fightingblindness.org/diseases/retinitis-pigmentosa">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Foundation Fighting Blindness</organization>
</site>
<site title="Retinitis pigmentosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001029.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Usher Syndrome" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/usher-syndrome" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/sindrome-de-usher">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Usher Syndrome" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7843/usher-syndrome/" language-mapped-url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/espanol/13248/sindrome-de-usher/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El uso indebido de medicamentos recetados ocurre si usted toma un medicamento de una manera diferente a la que le recetó el médico. El mal uso de algunos medicamentos puede provocar adicción." title="Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="2278" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Abuso de drogas de receta médica</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso de medicamentos de receta</also-called>
<also-called>Abuso de remedios</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si usted toma un medicamento de una forma distinta a lo que el médico le recetó, se conoce como uso indebido de drogas con receta. Esto puede significar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar un medicamento que fue recetado para otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar una dosis mayor a la recomendada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar el medicamento de una forma diferente a la recetada. Esto podría ser moliendo la medicina para luego inhalarla o inyectarla&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Usar la medicina para otro propósito, como drogarse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Usar en forma indebida algunos medicamentos recetados puede provocar una adicción. Estos incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;opioides&lt;/a&gt;, sedantes, tranquilizantes y estimulantes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada medicamento tiene algún riesgo de provocar efectos secundarios. Los médicos tienen esto en cuenta al recetarlos. Las personas que usan en forma indebida estos medicamentos pueden no entender los riesgos. Los medicamentos pueden no ser seguros para ellos, especialmente en dosis más altas o cuando se toman con otras medicinas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html" id="1706" language="English">Prescription Drug Misuse</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html" id="1719">Medicamentos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Drogas de receta médica, Abuso de</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de drogas recetadas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/symptoms-causes/syc-20376813?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/symptoms-causes/syc-20376813?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso de medicamentos de venta con receta médica (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/prescription-drug-abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/prescription-drug-abuse.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso de medicamentos recetados" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/abuso-medicamentos-recetados.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abuso de sustancias: Medicamentos con receta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000798.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Esteroides anabólicos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Evaluación de salud mental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Explorando la mente: Estimulantes" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/estimulantes" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/parents-educators/lesson-plans/mind-matters/prescription-stimulants">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de drogas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-drogas/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/drug-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de opiáceos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-opiaceos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/opioid-testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobredosis e intoxicación con barbitúricos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000951.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000951.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso indebido de los medicamentos recetados" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/panorama-general" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/overview">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuál es el alcance del uso indebido de los medicamentos recetados?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/cual-es-el-alcance-del-uso-indebido-de-los-medicamentos-recetados" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/what-scope-prescription-drug-misuse">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se puede tratar la adicción a los medicamentos recetados?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/como-se-puede-tratar-la-adiccion-los-medicamentos-recetados" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/how-can-prescription-drug-addiction-be-treated">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los depresores del sistema nervioso? (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/drugs-depressants.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/drugs-depressants.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tipos de medicamentos recetados se usan comúnmente en forma indebida?" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/los-medicamentos-de-prescripcion-abuso-y-adiccion/que-tipos-de-medicamentos-recetados-se-usan-comunmente-en-forma-indebida" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/what-classes-prescription-drugs-are-commonly-misused">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Los opioides son analgésicos fuertes. Las personas que los toman corren el riesgo de sufrir un trastorno por consumo de opioides y una sobredosis. Estos riesgos aumentan cuando se hace un mal uso de los opioides." title="Uso seguro de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html" id="7128" language="Spanish" date-created="08/29/2018">
<also-called>Uso seguro de opiáceos</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son los opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos, son un tipo de medicamentos. Incluyen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; fuertes recetados como la oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. También es un opioide la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html"&gt;heroína&lt;/a&gt;, una droga ilegal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un profesional de la salud puede recetarle un opioide para el dolor tras sufrir una lesión importante o después de una cirugía. Puede recibirlos si tiene dolor severo debido a enfermedades como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores de atención médica los recetan para el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html"&gt;dolor crónico&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, los opioides recetados para aliviar el dolor son seguros cuando se toman por un tiempo corto y según lo indicado por su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, quienes los toman tienen riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html"&gt;trastorno por consumo de opioides &lt;/a&gt; y una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html"&gt;sobredosis&lt;/a&gt;. Estos riesgos aumentan cuando hay un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html"&gt;uso indebido&lt;/a&gt; de los opioides. El uso indebido puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo sé si necesito tomar medicamentos opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Primero, debe hablar con su proveedor de atención médica para saber si necesita tomar opioides. Debería ver:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si hay otros medicamentos o terapias que podrían tratar su dolor&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Los riesgos y beneficios de tomar opioides&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica y si usted o alguien en su familia tiene antecedentes de uso indebido de sustancias, adicción de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drogas&lt;/a&gt; o trastorno por uso de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cualquier otro medicamento y suplemento que esté tomando&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuánto alcohol bebe&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si está embarazada o planea quedar embarazada  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué debo saber si voy a tomar medicamentos opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted y su proveedor deciden que tiene que tomar opioides, debe entender bien:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cómo tomar el medicamento: Cuánto y con qué frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Por cuánto tiempo &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuáles son los posibles efectos secundarios&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cómo suspender los medicamentos cuando ya no los necesite. Si ha estado tomando opioides por un tiempo, puede ser peligroso parar de repente. Es posible que deba reducir los medicamentos lentamente&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuáles son los signos de una adicción, para que pueda vigilarlos. Estos incluyen:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar más medicamento de lo que se supone &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tomar los de otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar el medicamento para drogarse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cambios de humor, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt; y/o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html"&gt;ansiedad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Necesidad de dormir demasiado o muy poco&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problemas al tomar decisiones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sentirse eufórico o sedado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Si tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis, compre naloxona en una farmacia y llévela consigo dondequiera que vaya. La naloxona es un medicamento que puede revertir los efectos de una sobredosis de opioides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo tomar un opioide en forma segura?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Siempre debe tener cuidado al tomar un medicamento, pero debe tomar precauciones especiales al tomar opioides:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tome su medicamento exactamente como se lo recetaron, no tome más de lo que tiene que tomar&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Verifique las instrucciones cada vez que tome una dosis&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No rompa, mastique, aplaste ni disuelva las píldoras &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los opioides pueden causar sueño. No conduzca ni use maquinaria, especialmente cuando use el medicamento por primera vez&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Hable con su proveedor si tiene efectos secundarios&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Si puede, use la misma farmacia para todos sus medicamentos. El sistema informático de la farmacia alertará al farmacéutico si está tomando dos o más medicamentos que podrían causar una interacción peligrosa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo almacenar y eliminar en forma segura los opioides?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante almacenar y botar los opioides en la forma correcta:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Almacene sus opioides y otros medicamentos en un lugar seguro&lt;/strong&gt;: Si tiene niños en casa, es una buena idea guardar sus medicamentos con llave. Incluso una dosis accidental de un opioide para un adulto puede causar una sobredosis letal en un niño. Además, alguien que viva con usted o visite su casa puede buscar sus medicamentos para tomarlos o venderlos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si viaja, lleve consigo el frasco de opioides por seguridad&lt;/strong&gt;: Esto le ayudará a responder alguna pregunta sobre su medicamento&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deseche la medicina que no use en forma correcta&lt;/strong&gt;: Si tiene opioides sin usar al final de su tratamiento, puede deshacerse de ellos al:&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Encontrar un programa en su ciudad de devolución de drogas&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Encontrar un programa de alguna farmacia que acepte devolución por correo &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;En algunos casos, desechándolos por el inodoro. Consulte el sitio web de la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) para averiguar cuáles se pueden eliminar de esta forma&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nunca venda ni comparta sus medicamentos&lt;/strong&gt;: Su receta es solo para usted. Su proveedor de atención médica considera muchos factores al recetar opioides. Lo que es seguro para usted podría ocasionar una sobredosis en otra persona&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Si alguien le roba sus medicamentos o prescripción para opioides, avise a la policía&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/substanceuseanddisorders.html" id="8">Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html" id="7127" language="English">Safe Opioid Use</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDA">Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Opioides, Uso seguro</see-reference>
<site title="Actúe para prevenir  la adicción" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ore/pdf/prevent-addiction-fact-sheet_spanish-release_508.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo la naloxona salva vidas por sobredosis de opioides" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/videos-de-medlineplus/como-la-naloxona-salva-vidas-por-sobredosis-de-opioides/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-videos/how-naloxone-saves-lives-in-opioid-overdose/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de opiáceos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-opiaceos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/opioid-testing/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué preguntar a su médico antes de tomar opiáceos" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/que-preguntar-su-medico-antes-de-tomar-opiaceos" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/what-ask-your-doctor-taking-opioids">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso, almacenamiento y desecho seguro de medicamentos opioides" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/uso-almacenamiento-y-desecho-seguro-de-medicamentos-opioides/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/safe-use-storage-and-disposal-of-opioid-drugs/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los opioides y por qué son tan peligrosos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/expert-answers/what-are-opioids/faq-20381270?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/expert-answers/what-are-opioids/faq-20381270?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Uterine cancer is cancer of the uterus. The most common type, endometrial cancer, happens most often in women over 55. Know the symptoms and treatments." title="Uterine Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html" id="449" language="English" date-created="03/26/1999">
<also-called>Endometrial cancer</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html"&gt;uterus&lt;/a&gt;, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a women is pregnant. There are different types of uterine cancer. The most common type starts in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. This type is also called endometrial cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of uterine cancer include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;vaginal bleeding&lt;/a&gt; or discharge&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trouble urinating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html"&gt;Pelvic pain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain during intercourse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Uterine cancer usually happens after menopause. It is more common in women who have obesity. You also have a higher risk if you took estrogen-only &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;hormone replacement therapy&lt;/a&gt; (menopausal hormone therapy) for many years.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tests to find uterine cancer include a pelvic exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy. The most common treatment is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html"&gt;hysterectomy&lt;/a&gt;, which is surgery to remove the uterus. Sometimes the surgery also removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Other treatments include hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Some women get more than one type of treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html" id="2213" language="Spanish">Cáncer de útero</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014594">Uterine Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html" id="111">Cervical Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html" id="292">Hysterectomy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html" id="477">Uterine Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5321">Women's Health Checkup</related-topic>
<see-reference>Endometrial Cancer</see-reference>
<site title="Abdominal radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000054.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Advances in Endometrial Cancer Research" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/research">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Statistics: Uterine Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/corp.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choriocarcinoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001496.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Endometrial Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Endometrial+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="D and C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="D and C - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dilation and curettage (D&amp;C)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dilation-and-curettage/about/pac-20384910?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Endometrial Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/endometrial">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial Cancer" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/endometrial-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/El-cancer-endometrial">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000910.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000910.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-prevention-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/prevencion-endometrio-pdq#section/_12">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-screening-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/deteccion-endometrio-pdq#section/_13">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - Patient Version" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/endometrial-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-endometrio-pdq">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility and Sexual Side Effects in People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Uterine Sarcoma Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/after-treatment/follow-up.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/despues-del-tratamiento/cuidado-de-seguimiento.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007355.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PTEN Genetic Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pten-genetic-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-del-pten/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Uterine+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask about Uterine Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/la-comunicacion-con-su-medico.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Radiation enteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000300.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000300.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Uterine Sarcoma" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Uterine Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/symptoms/">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Endometrial Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/endometrial-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-endometrio/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Uterine Sarcoma)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/uterine-sarcoma-treatment-pdq#_56" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-sarcoma-uterino-pdq#_52">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/uterine/pdf/uterine_facts.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/uterine/pdf/uterine_facts_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Cancer Statistics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/statistics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/statistics/index.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Cancer: Cancer of the Uterus" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/cancer/uterine-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/cancer/uterine-cancer">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine sarcoma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007655.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007655.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Sarcoma Stages" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/clasificacion-por-etapas.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Sarcoma Treatment" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/patient/uterine-sarcoma-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/uterino/paciente/tratamiento-sarcoma-uterino-pdq">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Uterine Sarcoma?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/about/what-is-uterine-sarcoma.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/acerca/que-es-sarcoma-uterino.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's New in Uterine Sarcoma Research?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/uterine-sarcoma/about/new-research.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/sarcoma-uterino/acerca/nuevas-investigaciones.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Uterine diseases are conditions that affect the uterus such as endometriosis, which is when tissue grows where it's not supposed to. Learn more here." title="Uterine Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html" id="477" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. The first sign of a problem with the uterus may be &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;bleeding&lt;/a&gt; between periods or after sex. Causes can include hormones, thyroid problems, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;fibroids&lt;/a&gt;, polyps, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;, infection, or pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment depends on the cause. Sometimes birth control pills treat hormonal imbalances. If a thyroid problem is the cause, treating it may also stop the bleeding. If you have cancer or hyperplasia, an overgrowth of normal cells in the uterus, you may need surgery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With two other uterine problems, tissue that normally lines the uterus grows where it is not supposed to.  In &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html"&gt;endometriosis&lt;/a&gt;, it grows outside the uterus.  In adenomyosis, it grows in the uterus's outside walls. Pain medicine may help. Other treatments include hormones and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html" id="2214" language="Spanish">Enfermedades del útero</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014591">Uterine Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html" id="111">Cervical Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cervixdisorders.html" id="5415">Cervix Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html" id="243">Endometriosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html" id="292">Hysterectomy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html" id="1677">Pelvic Floor Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html" id="449">Uterine Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html" id="1222">Uterine Fibroids</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4875">Vaginal Bleeding</related-topic>
<site title="Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/abnormal-uterine-bleeding/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrado-uterino-anormal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenomyosis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenomyosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001513.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001513.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Asherman syndrome" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001483.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001483.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervicitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/cervicitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370814?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="D and C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="D and C - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilation and curettage (D&amp;C)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dilation-and-curettage/about/pac-20384910?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Double Uterus" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/double-uterus/symptoms-causes/syc-20352261?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/double-uterus/symptoms-causes/syc-20352261?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial ablation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007632.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007632.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial Hyperplasia" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/endometrial-hyperplasia/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/hiperplasia-endometrial-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial polyps" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007636.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007636.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001484.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001484.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterosalpingography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Müllerian aplasia and hyperandrogenism: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mullerian-aplasia-and-hyperandrogenism">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Exam" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uterine diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Uterine+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Retroversion of the uterus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001506.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Polyps" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Pessary" url="https://familydoctor.org/vaginal-pessary/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/pesario-vaginal/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Uterine fibroids are almost always non-cancerous. Symptoms may include heavy bleeding or frequent urination. Here's what you should know about fibroids." title="Uterine Fibroids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html" id="1222" language="English" date-created="03/07/2000">
<also-called>Fibroids</also-called>
<also-called>Uterine leiomyomata</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of childbearing age. Fibroids are made of muscle cells and other tissues that grow in and around the wall of the uterus, or womb. The cause of fibroids is unknown. Risk factors include being African American or being overweight.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many women with fibroids have no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heavy or painful periods or bleeding between periods &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Feeling "full" in the lower abdomen &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Urinating often &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain during sex &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lower back pain &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reproductive problems, such as infertility, multiple miscarriages or early labor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may find fibroids during a gynecological exam or by using imaging tests.  Treatment includes drugs that can slow or stop their growth, or surgery.  If you have no symptoms, you may not even need treatment. Many women with fibroids can get pregnant naturally. For those who cannot, infertility treatments may help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html" id="2215" language="Spanish">Fibroides uterinos</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014594">Uterine Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D007889">Leiomyoma</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063186">Uterine Myomectomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/uterinefibroids.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html" id="292">Hysterectomy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html" id="449">Uterine Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html" id="477">Uterine Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Fibroids</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uterine Leiomyomata</see-reference>
<site title="About Uterine Fibroids" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Leiomyoma" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Leiomyoma%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Myomectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Myomectomy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an Interventional Radiologist" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/doctor-finder/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-leiomyomatosis-and-renal-cell-cancer">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/how-diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/diagnostican">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysterectomy" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/treatments/hysterectomy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/tratamientos/histerectomia">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007571.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hysteroscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hysteroscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/histeroscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with uterine fibroids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000715.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000715.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medication-Related Treatments for Fibroids" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/treatments/medical-treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/tratamientos-medicos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Myomectomy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/myomectomy/about/pac-20384710?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/myomectomy/about/pac-20384710?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic laparoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100131_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100131_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Period Problems: Fibroids, Endometriosis, and Other Issues" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/period-problems" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/problemas-menstruales">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Fibroids" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28+%22Leiomyoma%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Uterine+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+OR+%22Uterine+Myomectomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Transvaginal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine artery embolization" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007384.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007384.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine artery embolization - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000161.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000161.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Fibroid Treatment" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uterine-fibroid-treatment" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/mrgfus">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uterine fibroids" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000914.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Fibroids" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/uterine-fibroids" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/los-fibromas-uterinos-uterine-fibroids">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uterine Fibroids Fact Sheet" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/uterine-fibroids" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/uterine-fibroids">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/uterine/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vaccines protect you and your family from disease. Learn about vaccine safety in the United States. It includes a thorough process of testing and evaluating vaccines before they can be approved." title="Vaccine Safety" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html" id="7667" language="English" date-created="10/20/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are vaccines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;Vaccines&lt;/a&gt; play an important role in keeping us healthy. They protect us from serious and sometimes deadly diseases. Vaccines are injections (shots), liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that you take to teach your body's immune system to recognize and defend against harmful germs. The germs could be &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;viruses&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacteria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some types of vaccines contain germs that cause disease. But the germs have been killed or weakened enough that they won't make you sick. Some vaccines only contain a part of a germ. Other types of vaccines include instructions for your cells to make a protein of the germ.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These different vaccine types all spark an immune response, which helps your body fight off the germs. Your immune system will also remember the germ and attack it if that germ ever invades again. This protection against a certain disease is called immunity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These diseases can be very serious. Because of this, getting immunity from a vaccine is safer than getting immunity by being sick with the disease. And for a few vaccines, getting vaccinated can actually give you a better immune response than getting the disease would.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Do vaccines cause side effects?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As with medicines, any vaccine can cause side effects. Most of the time the side effects are minor, such as a sore arm, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html"&gt;fatigue&lt;/a&gt;, or mild &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;. They usually go away within a few days. These common side effects are often a sign that your body is starting to build immunity against a disease.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Serious side effects from vaccines can happen, but they are very rare. These side effects could include a severe &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html"&gt;allergic reaction&lt;/a&gt;. Other possible side effects are different for each vaccine. Talk with your health care provider if you're concerned about your health after getting vaccinated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people worry that &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;childhood vaccines&lt;/a&gt; could cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;autism spectrum disorder&lt;/a&gt; (ASD). But many scientific studies have looked at this and have found no link between vaccines and ASD.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How are vaccines tested for safety?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Every vaccine that is approved in the United States goes through extensive safety testing. It starts with testing and evaluation of the vaccine before it's approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This process can often take several years.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;First, the vaccine is tested in labs. Based on those tests, the FDA decides whether to test the vaccine with people.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Testing with people is done through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clinicaltrials.html"&gt;clinical trials&lt;/a&gt;. In these trials, the vaccines are tested on volunteers. Clinical trials usually start with 20 to 100 volunteers, but eventually include thousands of volunteers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The clinical trials have three phases. The trials are looking for the answer to important questions such as 
	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Is the vaccine safe?&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;What dose (amount) works best?&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;How does the immune system react to it?&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;How effective is it?&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;During the process, the FDA works closely with the company who makes the vaccine to evaluate the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. If the vaccine is found to be safe and effective, it will be approved and licensed by the FDA.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;After a vaccine is licensed, experts may consider adding it to the recommended vaccine, or immunization, schedule. This schedule is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It lists which vaccines are recommended for different groups of people. They list which age groups should get which vaccines, how many doses they need, and when they should get them.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Testing and monitoring continue after the vaccine is approved:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The company making the vaccines tests every batch of vaccines for quality and safety. The FDA reviews the results of these tests. It also inspects the factories where the vaccine is made. These checks help make sure the vaccines meet standards for quality and safety.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The FDA, CDC, and other federal agencies continue to monitor its safety, to watch for possible side effects. They have systems to track any safety issues with the vaccines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These high safety standards and testing help to make sure that vaccines in the United States are safe. Vaccines help protect against serious, even deadly, diseases. They not only protect you, but also help to keep these diseases from spreading to others.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html" id="7668" language="Spanish">Seguridad de las vacunas</language-mapped-topic>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342">Childhood Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" id="7647">COVID-19 Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html" id="6236">Flu Shot</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6322">Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<site title="About Common Vaccine Safety Questions and Concerns" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Autism and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/autism.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Building Trust in Vaccines" url="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/science-health-public-trust/perspectives/building-trust-vaccines">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaccine Adverse Reactions" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=vaccine+adverse+reactions&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaccine Safety" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=vaccine+safety&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fainting and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/fainting.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Are Vaccines Tested?" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/how-are-vaccines-tested.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/how-are-vaccines-tested-spanish.html">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/autism-studies.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Possible Side Effects from Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/possible-side-effects.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pregnancy and Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/by-age/pregnancy-sp.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Safety" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=((vaccines[mh]+OR+vaccination[mh])+AND+drug+related+side+effects+and+adverse+reactions[mh])+AND+english[la]+AND+humans[mh]+AND+(jsubsetaim[text]+OR+jsubsetn[text]+OR+jsubsetk[text]+OR+patient+education+handout[pt])+NOT+(letter[pt]+OR+editorial[pt]+OR+case+reports[pt])+AND+%E2%80%9Dlast+5+Years%E2%80%9D[edat]">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reasons to Vaccinate" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-children/reasons/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/why-vaccinate/vaccine-decision-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/sids.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thimerosal and Vaccines" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/thimerosal.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Ingredients" url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/vaccine-ingredients/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/vaccine-ingredients/index.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Safety" url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/safety/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/safety/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Safety for Moms-to-Be" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/moms-to-be/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vaccines-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/las-vacunas/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines for Your Children" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-children/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Who Should Not Get Vaccinated with These Vaccines?" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/should-not-vacc.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vaccines protect against life-threatening diseases. Follow a recommended immunization schedule to protect yourself and others at all stages of life." title="Vaccines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294" language="English" date-created="06/21/1999">
<also-called>Immunization</also-called>
<also-called>Vaccination</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are vaccines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vaccines are injections (shots), liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that you take to teach your body's &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; to recognize and defend against harmful germs. For example, there are vaccines to protect against diseases caused by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;Viruses&lt;/a&gt;, like the ones that cause the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacteria&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of vaccines?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are several types of vaccines:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Live-attenuated vaccines&lt;/strong&gt; use a weakened form of the germ.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inactivated vaccines&lt;/strong&gt; use a killed version of the germ.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines&lt;/strong&gt; use only specific pieces of the germ, such as its protein, sugar, or casing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Toxoid vaccines&lt;/strong&gt; that use a toxin (harmful product) made by the germ.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mRNA vaccines&lt;/strong&gt; use messenger RNA, which gives your cells instructions for how to make a protein (or piece of a protein) of the germ.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Viral vector vaccines&lt;/strong&gt; use genetic material, which gives your cells instructions for making a protein of the germ. These vaccines also contain a different, harmless virus that helps get the genetic material into your cells.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These vaccines may work in different ways, but they all spark an immune response. The immune response is the way your body defends itself against substances it sees as foreign or harmful. These substances include germs that can cause disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What happens in an immune response?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are different steps in the immune response:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When a germ invades, your body sees it as foreign.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your immune system helps your body fight off the germ.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your immune system also remembers the germ. It will attack the germ if it ever invades again. This "memory" protects you against the disease that the germ causes. This type of protection is called immunity.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are immunization and vaccination?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Immunization is the process of becoming protected against a disease. But it can also mean the same thing as vaccination, which is getting a vaccine to become protected against a disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why are vaccines important?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vaccines are important because they protect you against many diseases. These diseases can be very serious. So getting immunity from a vaccine is safer than getting immunity by being sick with the disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;For a few vaccines, getting vaccinated can actually give you a better immune response than getting the disease would.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But vaccines don't just protect you. They also protect the people around you through community immunity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is community immunity?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Community immunity, or herd immunity, is the idea that vaccines can help keep communities healthy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normally, germs can travel quickly through a community and make a lot of people sick. If enough people get sick, it can lead to an outbreak. But when enough people are vaccinated against a certain disease, it's harder for that disease to spread to others. This type of protection means that the entire community is less likely to get the disease.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Community immunity is especially important for people who can't get certain vaccines. For example, they may not be able to get a vaccine because they have weakened immune systems. Others may be allergic to certain vaccine ingredients. And newborn babies are too young to get some vaccines. Community immunity can help to protect them all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Are vaccines safe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vaccines are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html"&gt;safe&lt;/a&gt;. They must go through extensive safety testing and evaluation before they are approved in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is a vaccine schedule?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A vaccine, or immunization, schedule lists which vaccines are recommended for different groups of people. It includes who should get the vaccines, how many doses they need, and when they should get them. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes the vaccine schedule.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;It's important for both &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;children&lt;/a&gt; and adults to get their vaccines according to the schedule. Following the schedule allows them to get protection from the diseases at exactly the right time.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
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<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
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<site title="National Vaccine Program" url="https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/index.html">
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<site title="Overview of the Immune System" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-system-overview">
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<site title="Staying Up to Date with Your Vaccine Records" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-adults/recommended-vaccines/keeping-vaccine-records-up-to-date.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/vaccination-records-sp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<site title="Travelers' Health: Destinations" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/list">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Vaccination Is the Best Protection against Measles" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccination-best-protection-against-measles" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-mejor-proteccion-contra-el-sarampion-es-la-vacunacion">
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</site>
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<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Vaccinations for Adults with Diabetes" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4043.pdf">
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
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<site title="Vaccine Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/additives-sp.htm">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccine Basics" url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services</organization>
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<site title="Vaccine Information for Adults" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-adults/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/index-sp.html">
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<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
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<site title="Vaccine Recommendations Before, During, and After Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/recommended-vaccines/index.html">
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<site title="Vaccines and Pregnancy" url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vaccines-pregnancy/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/las-vacunas/">
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vacuna para la gripe hace que el cuerpo genere anticuerpos contra el virus de la influenza. Entérese sobre la efectividad de la vacuna contra la gripe." title="Vacuna para la gripe" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html" id="6237" language="Spanish" date-created="07/28/2015">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt; (influenza) es una infección respiratoria. Es una infección de la nariz, la garganta y los pulmones causada por el virus de la influenza. Estos virus pueden transmitirse de persona a persona.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que contraen gripe se recuperan por sí mismas, sin atención médica. Pero para algunas, la gripe es grave. Puede causar complicaciones y, en ocasiones, incluso la muerte. Las personas mayores de 65 años, menores de cinco años, embarazadas o que quienes tienen ciertas afecciones de salud poseen un mayor riesgo de sufrir complicaciones por la gripe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vacunarse contra la gripe todos los años es la mejor manera de reducir el riesgo de tener la enfermedad y sus complicaciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los beneficios de vacunarse contra la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay muchas razones para vacunarse contra la gripe todos los años:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Puede evitar que se enferme de gripe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si contrae la gripe, puede ser menos grave. También es menos probable que tenga complicaciones o que necesite ser hospitalizado por gripe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Si padece ciertas afecciones crónicas, vacunarse contra la gripe puede ayudar a evitar que la gripe empeore su enfermedad. Por ejemplo, si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html"&gt;EPOC&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, la gripe puede empeorar tanto su afección que podría necesitar hospitalizarse. Recibir la vacuna contra la gripe puede reducir este riesgo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recibir la vacuna en el embarazo no solo la protege durante y después del embarazo. También ayuda a proteger a su bebé de la gripe durante sus primeros meses de vida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;En niños, se ha demostrado que reduce el riesgo de gripe grave potencialmente mortal&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;También puede proteger a las personas que lo rodean, incluyendo aquellas que tienen un mayor riesgo de complicaciones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo funcionan las vacunas contra la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La vacuna contra la gripe hace que su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; produzca anticuerpos unas dos semanas después de recibir la vacuna. Estos anticuerpos le protegen contra la infección gracias a los virus de influenza que contiene la vacuna.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién necesita una vacuna contra la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de los EE. UU. recomiendan la vacunación anual contra la gripe para todas las personas de seis meses en adelante, con algunas excepciones.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas contra la gripe son especialmente importantes para aquellas personas con un alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones graves por la gripe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de vacunas contra la gripe. Hay vacunas inyectables y vacunas en aerosol nasal. También hay vacunas especiales para personas de 65 años o más. Pregúntele a su profesional de la salud cuál es la adecuada para usted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién no debe vacunarse contra la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas no deben vacunarse contra la gripe:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños menores de 6 meses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aquellas con alergias graves y potencialmente mortales a la vacuna contra la gripe o a cualquiera de sus componentes. Esto puede incluir gelatina, antibióticos u otros ingredientes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas deben hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de vacunarse contra la gripe. Entre ellas se incluyen quienes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen alergia a cualquiera de los componentes de la vacuna&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alguna vez han tenido el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Guillain-Barré&lt;/a&gt; (SGB). Algunas personas con antecedentes de SGB no deben vacunarse contra la gripe&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene gripe moderada o grave, generalmente debe esperar hasta recuperarse antes de vacunarse contra la gripe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué necesito vacunarme contra la gripe todos los años?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es necesario vacunarse contra la gripe todos los años porque:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La protección inmunitaria de la vacuna disminuye con el tiempo. Debe vacunarse todos los años para aumentar la protección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Los virus de la gripe cambian constantemente. Por ello, la vacuna contra la gripe se actualiza cada año. La nueva vacuna incluirá protección contra los virus que probablemente sean comunes en la próxima temporada de influenza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo debo vacunarme contra la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para la mayoría de las personas que solo necesitan una dosis de la vacuna para la temporada de gripe, septiembre y octubre suelen ser buenos momentos para vacunarse. Es mejor recibirla antes de fines de octubre.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos niños necesitan dos dosis de la vacuna contra la gripe. La primera dosis deben recibirla tan pronto se encuentre disponible la vacuna. La segunda dosis la deben recibir al menos cuatro semanas después de la primera.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cuándo debe recibir la vacuna. El momento de la vacunación puede variar según el tiempo de embarazo que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Causan efectos secundarios las vacunas contra la gripe?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se ha demostrado que las vacunas contra la gripe son seguras. Pero, como cualquier producto médico, pueden causar efectos secundarios. Si tiene algún efecto secundario, usualmente son leves y desaparecen por sí solos en pocos días. Los más comunes incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor, enrojecimiento y/o hinchazón por la inyección&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html"&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;Náuseas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores musculares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Al igual que otras inyecciones, ocasionalmente la vacuna contra la gripe puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html"&gt;desmayos&lt;/a&gt;. En casos poco frecuentes, algunas personas sufren una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;reacción alérgica&lt;/a&gt; grave.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html" id="6236" language="English">Flu Shot</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html" id="1980">Gripe</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gripe, Vacuna</see-reference>
<site title="Alergia al huevo y la vacuna contra la gripe" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-alergia/la-alergia-al-huevo-y-la-vacuna-contra-la-gripe">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la influenza estacional" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/flu/prevention/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Es un buen momento para vacunarse contra la influenza" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/es-un-buen-momento-para-vacunarse-contra-la-influenza" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/its-good-time-get-your-flu-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía sobre la vacuna para la gripe para pacientes con inmunodeficiencia" url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/biblioteca-de-condiciones/biblioteca-de-inmunodeficiencias/guia-sobre-la-vacuna-contra-la-gripe-para-paciente" language-mapped-url="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/immuno-deficiency/flu-vaccine-guidance">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunizaciones y vacunas contra la gripe para personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Papel fundamental de la FDA para garantizar el suministro de la vacuna contra la influenza" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/el-papel-fundamental-de-la-fda-para-garantizar-el-suministro-de-la-vacuna-contra-la-influenza" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fdas-critical-role-ensuring-supply-influenza-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del parche epidérmico de vacuna contra la gripe" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/prueba-del-parche-epidermico-de-vacuna-contra-la-gripe">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Reporte un evento adverso" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Demasiado tarde para vacunarse contra la gripe?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/late-flu-shot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/late-flu-shot.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pueden los niños recibir la vacuna contra el COVID-19 junto con la vacuna contra la gripe?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Quién necesita ponerse la vacuna antigripal?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/flu-shot.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/flu-shot.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las vacunas protegen contra enfermedades peligrosas. Siga el programa recomendado de vacunación para protegerse a sí mismo y a los demás en el momento preciso." title="Vacunación" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Inmunización</also-called>
<also-called>Vacunas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las vacunas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas son inyecciones, líquidos, pastillas o aerosoles nasales que usted toma para enseñarle al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; de su cuerpo a reconocer y defenderse de gérmenes dañinos. Por ejemplo, existen vacunas para protegerse contra enfermedades causadas por:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;Virus&lt;/a&gt;, como los que causan la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html"&gt;gripe&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;Bacterias&lt;/a&gt;, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;tétanos, difteria y tos ferina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tipos de vacunas hay?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen diferentes tipos de vacunas:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;vacunas vivas atenuadas&lt;/strong&gt; utilizan una forma debilitada del germen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;vacunas inactivadas&lt;/strong&gt; usan una versión muerta del germen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;vacunas de subunidades, recombinantes, polisacáridas y combinadas&lt;/strong&gt; usan solo partes específicas del germen, como su proteína, azúcar o envoltura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vacunas toxoides&lt;/strong&gt; que usan una toxina (producto dañino) producida por el germen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;vacunas de ARNm&lt;/strong&gt; utilizan ARN mensajero, que le da a sus células instrucciones sobre cómo producir una proteína (o un trozo de proteína) del germen&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;vacunas de vectores virales&lt;/strong&gt; utilizan material genético, que le da a sus células instrucciones para producir una proteína del germen. Estas vacunas también contienen un virus diferente e inofensivo que ayuda a llevar el material genético a sus células&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Estas vacunas pueden funcionar en forma diferente, pero todas desencadenan una respuesta inmunitaria, que es la forma en la que su cuerpo se defiende contra sustancias que percibe como extrañas o dañinas. Estas sustancias incluyen gérmenes que causan enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué ocurre en una respuesta inmunitaria?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes pasos en la respuesta inmune:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cuando un germen lo invade, su cuerpo lo percibe como extraño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su sistema inmunitario ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir los gérmenes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su sistema inmunitario también recuerda el germen. Atacará al germen si vuelve a invadirlo. Esta "memoria" lo protege contra la enfermedad que causa el germen. Este tipo de protección se llama inmunidad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la inmunización y la vacunación?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La inmunización es el proceso de protegerse contra una enfermedad. Pero también puede significar lo mismo que vacunación, que consiste en recibir una vacuna para protegerse contra una enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué son importantes las vacunas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas son importantes porque lo protegen contra muchas enfermedades. Éstas pueden ser muy graves, por lo que es más seguro obtener inmunidad a partir de una vacuna que contraer la afección.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Para algunas vacunas, la inmunización puede brindar una mejor respuesta inmunitaria que la que obtendría al enfermarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas no solo le protegen, también protegen a las personas que le rodean a través de la inmunidad comunitaria o colectiva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la inmunidad comunitaria o colectiva?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La inmunidad comunitaria o colectiva es la idea de que las vacunas pueden ayudar a mantener la salud de las comunidades.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;En general, los gérmenes pueden viajar muy rápido a través de una comunidad y enfermar a muchas personas. Si se enferman suficientes personas, puede provocar un brote. Pero cuando se vacuna a suficientes personas contra una determinada afección, es más difícil que esa enfermedad se transmita a otras personas. Este tipo de protección significa que es menos probable que toda la comunidad contraiga la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La inmunidad comunitaria es especialmente importante para las personas que no pueden recibir ciertas vacunas. Por ejemplo, es posible que no puedan recibir una vacuna porque tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Otros pueden ser alérgicos a ciertos ingredientes de la vacuna. Y los bebés recién nacidos son demasiado pequeños para recibir algunas inmunizaciones. La inmunidad comunitaria puede ayudar a protegerlos a todos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Son seguras las vacunas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html"&gt;seguras&lt;/a&gt;. Deben pasar por completas pruebas y evaluaciones de seguridad antes de ser aprobadas en los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es un calendario de vacunas?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un programa de vacunación, o inmunización, enumera qué vacunas se recomiendan para diferentes grupos de personas. Incluye quiénes deben recibir las vacunas, cuántas dosis necesitan y cuándo deben recibirlas. En los Estados Unidos, los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) publican el calendario de vacunas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante que tanto los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html"&gt;niños&lt;/a&gt; como los adultos se vacunen según el calendario. Seguir el calendario asegura que reciba protección contra las enfermedades exactamente en el momento adecuado.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294" language="English">Vaccines</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html" id="7668">Seguridad de las vacunas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html" id="6237">Vacuna para la gripe</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" id="7648">Vacunas contra el COVID-19</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adultos, Vacunación</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vacunación de adultos</see-reference>
<site title="Aspectos destacados de la inmunización" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo denunciar problemas con los productos y presentar quejas ante la FDA" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/como-denunciar-problemas-con-los-productos-y-presentar-quejas-ante-la-fda" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm095859.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantener su registro de vacunación al día" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/vaccination-records-sp.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-adults/recommended-vaccines/keeping-vaccine-records-up-to-date.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de las vacunas" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/safety/side-effects/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herramienta de evaluación de vacunas para adultos" url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/adultimmsched/quiz-sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/adultimmsched/">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunizaciones y vacunas contra la gripe para personas con cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/infections/vaccination-during-cancer-treatment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunización del niño: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodimmunization.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodimmunization.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lista de verificación de contraindicaciones de las vacunas para adultos" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4065-01.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4065.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mejor protección contra el sarampión es la vacunación" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-mejor-proteccion-contra-el-sarampion-es-la-vacunacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccination-best-protection-against-measles">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de las vacunas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Título de anticuerpos en sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003333.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003333.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000137.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000137.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas e inmunización" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/inmunizacion/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas en caso de diabetes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000331.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000331.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para adultos" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4030-spa.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para adultos: ¿Cuál necesita?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/vaccines/art-20046750?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/vaccines/art-20046750?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para proteger la salud (adultos de 19 a 49 años)" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/vacunas/vacunate-proteger-tu-salud-adultos-19-49-anos-edad" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/vaccines-shots/get-vaccines-protect-your-health-adults-ages-19-49-years">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas protegen a su comunidad" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas que necesita como adulto" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/index-sp.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-adults/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/las-vacunas/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/vaccines-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas y las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vacunas/vacunas-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/immunizations-and-vaccines/vaccinations-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas.gov" url="https://www.vaccines.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.vaccines.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacúnate para proteger tu salud (personas adultas de 50 años o más)" url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/visitas-doctor/vacunas/vacunate-proteger-tu-salud-personas-adultas-50-anos-o">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Infórmese sobre las vacunas aprobadas para el COVID-19 y el programa de vacunación." title="Vacunas contra el COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" id="7648" language="Spanish" date-created="11/09/2020">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;enfermedad del coronavirus 2019&lt;/a&gt; (COVID-19) es una afección causada por un virus. Este virus es un coronavirus llamado SARS-COV-2. En los Estados Unidos, existen varias vacunas que son efectivas para proteger a las personas de enfermarse gravemente, ser hospitalizadas y morir a causa del COVID-19. Estas vacunas están siendo usadas bajo una Autorización de Uso de Emergencia (EUA, por sus siglas en inglés) de la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de EE. UU. (FDA). Esto significa que estas vacunas cumplen con los requisitos científicos de la FDA de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html"&gt;seguridad&lt;/a&gt;, efectividad y calidad en su fabricación necesarios para aprobar su autorización.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Esta página incluye detalles sobre las vacunas y el proceso de vacunación, incluyendo dónde puede &lt;a href="https://www.vacunas.gov/search/"&gt;encontrar la vacuna&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html" id="7647" language="English">COVID-19 Vaccines</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" id="7808">Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3182">Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html" id="7628">Pruebas para el COVID-19</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<site title="Coronavirus (COVID-19): Preguntas y respuestas sobre las vacunas (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-vaccines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoja de información para receptores y cuidadores" url="https://www.fda.gov/media/161220/download" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/media/159898/download">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Qué hay en una vacuna: Ingredientes y seguridad de la vacuna" url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-in-a-vaccine-spanish.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/oet/ed/ceal/what-is-in-a-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Refuerzos bivalentes bloquean el COVID-19 grave" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-refuerzos-bivalentes-bloquean-el-covid-19-grave" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/bivalent-boosters-block-severe-covid-19">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reporte un evento adverso" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tenga cuidado con las pruebas, vacunas y tratamientos fraudulentos para el coronavirus" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/tenga-cuidado-con-las-pruebas-vacunas-y-tratamientos-fraudulentos-para-el-coronavirus" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/beware-fraudulent-coronavirus-tests-vaccines-and-treatments">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Todo en la espiga: Investigación anterior sobre el virus da una ventaja a la vacuna contra el COVID-19" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/todo-en-la-espiga-investigacion-anterior-sobre-el-virus-da-una-ventaja-a-la-vacuna-contra-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/all-in-the-spike-how-past-virus-research-gave-a-head-start-to-the-covid-19-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la COVID-19 (coronavirus): Obtén la información verdadera" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la COVID-19 (Moderna)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a621002-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a621002.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/meds/a621003-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a621003.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra el COVID-19" url="https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-en-espanol/vacunas-contra-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra el COVID-19 no están vinculadas a problemas de fertilidad" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/las-vacunas-contra-el-covid-19-no-estan-vinculadas-a" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/03/covid-19-vaccines-not-linked-fertility-issues">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra el COVID-19 para niños de 6 meses a 5 años" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-vaccines-young-kids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-vaccines-young-kids.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra el COVID-19: Qué esperar" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000983.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000983.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra la COVID-19" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007775.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007775.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas protegen a su comunidad" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuándo pueden los bebés y niños vacunarse contra el COVID-19 o recibir la dosis de refuerzo?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Paginas/when-can-kids-get-the-COVID-vaccine-or-booster.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/when-can-kids-get-the-COVID-vaccine-or-booster.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pueden los niños recibir la vacuna contra el COVID-19 junto con la vacuna contra la gripe?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/covid-flu-vaccines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las vacunas ARNm y cómo funcionan?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/terapia/vacunasarnm/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/therapy/mrnavaccines/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Son seguras para nosotros las vacunas contra el COVID?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLhvBJYWO38">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El tétanos, la difteria y la tos ferina (tos convulsiva) son infecciones bacterianas graves. Encuentre aquí información sobre la vacuna que las previene." title="Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6323" language="Spanish" date-created="02/03/2016">
<also-called>Vacuna DPT</also-called>
<also-called>Vacuna DPaT</also-called>
<also-called>Vacuna Tdpa</also-called>
<also-called>Vacuna anticoqueluchosa, antidiftérica y antitetánica</also-called>
<also-called>Vacuna tetravalente</also-called>
<also-called>Vacuna triple</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html"&gt;tétanos&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html"&gt;difteria&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html"&gt;tos ferina&lt;/a&gt; (tos convulsiva) son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;infecciones bacterianas&lt;/a&gt; graves:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El &lt;strong&gt;tétanos&lt;/strong&gt; es una enfermedad poco común que requiere tratamiento inmediato en un hospital. Provoca una dolorosa rigidez de los músculos, usualmente en todo el cuerpo. Puede causar un "bloqueo" de la mandíbula&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;difteria&lt;/strong&gt; suele afectar la nariz y la garganta, pero también puede afectar la piel y otras partes del cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;tos ferina&lt;/strong&gt; puede causar ataques de tos incontrolables. Puede comenzar como un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html"&gt;resfrío&lt;/a&gt;, pero a diferencia de éste, la tos puede durar semanas o meses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas pueden protegerlo de estas enfermedades. Hay tres vacunas combinadas disponibles en los Estados Unidos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DTaP&lt;/strong&gt; (difteria, tétanos y tos ferina): Previene las tres enfermedades. Es para bebés y niños menores de siete años. Hay varias vacunas DTaP diferentes. Algunas de ellas también protegen contra otras enfermedades&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tdap&lt;/strong&gt; (tétanos, difteria y tos ferina): También previene las tres enfermedades. Se recomienda para niños mayores y adultos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Td&lt;/strong&gt; (tétanos y difteria): Previene estas dos enfermedades. Se recomienda a niños mayores y adultos. En general, se administra como dosis de refuerzo cada 10 años. También puede recibirla después de cinco años si sufre una herida o quemadura grave o sucia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas no deben recibir estas vacunas, incluyendo aquellas que han tenido reacciones graves en el pasado a las vacunas. Si tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html"&gt;convulsiones&lt;/a&gt;, un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;problema neurológico&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Guillain-Barré&lt;/a&gt;, consulte primero con su profesional de la salud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas con enfermedades menores, como un resfriado, pueden vacunarse. Pero aquellas que están más enfermas pueden tener que esperar hasta sentirse mejor antes de recibir algunas vacunas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6322" language="English">Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Coqueluche, Vacuna</see-reference>
<see-reference>DPT, Vacuna</see-reference>
<see-reference>Difteria, Vacuna</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tdpa, Vacuna</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tetravalente, Vacuna</see-reference>
<see-reference>Triple bacteriana, Vacuna</see-reference>
<see-reference>Tétanos, Vacuna</see-reference>
<site title="Reporte un evento adverso" url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/reporteventspan.html" language-mapped-url="https://vaers.hhs.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra DTaP (difteria, tétanos y tos ferina): Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007594.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra DTaP (difteria, tétanos, tos ferina)" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_dtap.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna Td (Tétanos y difteria)" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_td.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/td.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna Tdap (difteria, tétanos y pertussis) (y el embarazo)" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/vacuna-tdap-difteria-tetanos-pertussis/pdf/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis-tdap-vaccine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna Tdap (Tétanos, difteria y tos ferina)" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_tdap.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas de su hijo: Vacuna contra la difteria, el tétanos y la tos ferina (DTaP)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/dtap-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dtap-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La inmunización protege a los niños de más de una docena de enfermedades. Encuentre aquí lo que debe saber sobre las vacunas para los niños." title="Vacunas para los niños" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Inyecciones</also-called>
<also-called>Vacunación de los niños</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué son las vacunas?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacunas&lt;/a&gt; son inyecciones, líquidos, pastillas o aerosoles nasales que usted toma para enseñarle al &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;sistema inmunitario&lt;/a&gt; de su cuerpo a reconocer y defenderse de gérmenes dañinos.  Estos gérmenes pueden ser &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus &lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunos tipos de vacunas contienen gérmenes que causan enfermedades, pero estos gérmenes han sido eliminados o debilitados lo suficiente como para que no enfermen a su hijo. Otras solo contienen una parte del germen. Otros tipos de vacunas incluyen instrucciones para sus células con el fin de fabricar una proteína de un germen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estas diferentes vacunas son capaces de desencadenar una respuesta inmunitaria que ayuda al cuerpo a combatirlos. El sistema inmunitario de su hijo también recordará el germen y lo atacará si vuelve a invadirlo. Esta protección contra una determinada enfermedad se llama inmunidad.&lt;/p&gt;


 &lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué necesito vacunar a mi hijo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los bebés nacen con un sistema inmunitario que puede combatir la mayoría de los gérmenes, pero hay algunas enfermedades graves que no pueden enfrentar. Por ello, necesitan vacunas para fortalecer su sistema inmunitario.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En el pasado, estas afecciones mataron o dañaron a muchos bebés, niños y adultos. Pero, con las vacunas, hoy su hijo puede inmunizarse contra estas enfermedades sin tener que enfermarse. Y en el caso de algunas vacunas, la inmunización puede brindarle una mejor respuesta inmunitaria que la que obtendría al contagiarse de la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vacunar a su hijo también protege a los demás. En general, los gérmenes pueden viajar muy rápido a través de una comunidad y enfermar a muchas personas. Si se enferman suficientes personas, puede provocar un brote. Pero cuando se vacuna a suficientes personas contra una determinada afección, es más difícil que esa enfermedad se transmita a otras personas. La comunidad entera tiene menos probabilidades de contraer la enfermedad. Esto se conoce como "inmunidad comunitaria" o "inmunidad colectiva".&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La inmunidad comunitaria es especialmente importante para las personas que no pueden recibir ciertas vacunas. Por ejemplo, es posible que no puedan recibir una vacuna porque tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Otros pueden ser alérgicos a ciertos ingredientes de la vacuna. Y los bebés recién nacidos son demasiado pequeños para recibir algunas inmunizaciones. La inmunidad comunitaria puede ayudar a protegerlos a todos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Son seguras las vacunas para los niños?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas son seguras. Deben pasar por completas pruebas y evaluaciones de seguridad antes de ser aprobadas en los Estados Unidos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A algunas personas les preocupa que las vacunas para niños puedan causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html"&gt;trastorno del espectro autista&lt;/a&gt;. Pero muchos estudios científicos han analizado esto y no han encontrado ningún vínculo entre las vacunas y el autismo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Pueden las vacunas sobrecargar el sistema inmunitario de mi hijo?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No, las vacunas no sobrecargan el sistema inmunitario. Todos los días, el sistema inmunitario de un niño sano combate con éxito miles de gérmenes. Cuando su hijo recibe vacunas, los gérmenes están debilitados o muertos. Entonces, incluso si reciben varias vacunas en un día, están expuestos a una pequeña cantidad de gérmenes en comparación con lo que encuentran todos los días en su entorno.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo necesito vacunar a mi hijo?&lt;/h3&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Su hijo recibirá vacunas en las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html"&gt;visitas de niño sano&lt;/a&gt;. Se administrarán de acuerdo al calendario de vacunación. Este programa enumera las vacunas recomendadas para los niños. Incluye quiénes deben recibir las vacunas, cuántas dosis necesitan y a qué edad deben recibirlas. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) publican el calendario de vacunas en EE. UU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Seguir el calendario de vacunas permite que su hijo reciba protección contra las enfermedades exactamente en el momento adecuado. Le da a su cuerpo la oportunidad de desarrollar inmunidad antes de exponerse a enfermedades muy graves.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1342" language="English">Childhood Vaccines</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html" id="1860">Difteria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html" id="2270">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html" id="2271">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/haemophilusinfections.html" id="5969">Infecciones por Haemophilus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html" id="2042">Paperas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="2096">Polio y síndrome de post-polio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3216">Rotavirus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/measles.html" id="2025">Sarampión</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html" id="7668">Seguridad de las vacunas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html" id="2229">Tos ferina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html" id="2192">Tétanos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html" id="6237">Vacuna para la gripe</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html" id="1970">Vacunación</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html" id="7648">Vacunas contra el COVID-19</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6323">Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html" id="1807">Varicela</related-topic>
<see-reference>Chicos, Vacunas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niño, Inmunización del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Niño, Vacunación del</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vacunación del niño</see-reference>
<site title="Aspectos destacados de la inmunización" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calendario de vacunación" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/immunization-chart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immunization-chart.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre las vacunas infantiles" url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/vaccines/childquiz/default-sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www2a.cdc.gov/vaccines/childquiz/">
<information-category>Herramientas para evaluar la salud</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de las vacunas" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/safety/side-effects/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía para niños sobre vacunas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/guide-shots.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/guide-shots.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Inmunizaciones (vacunas) para los bebés prematuros" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/immunizations-for-preterm-babies.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/Immunizations-For-Preterm-Babies.aspx">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mejor protección contra el sarampión es la vacunación" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-mejor-proteccion-contra-el-sarampion-es-la-vacunacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccination-best-protection-against-measles">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes sobre las vacunas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/fact-myth-immunizations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fact-myth-immunizations.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seguridad de las vacunas: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra DTaP (difteria, tétanos y tos ferina): Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007594.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra MMRV: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002024.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas de su hijo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vaccine.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas infantiles: Qué son y por qué las necesita su hijo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vacunas-infantiles-que-son-y-por-que-las-necesita-su-hijo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/childhood-vaccines-what-they-are-and-why-your-child-needs-them/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para preadolescentes y adolescentes" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020-spa.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/catg.d/p4020.pdf">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para preadolescentes, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/immunizations-for-teenagers-and-young-adults.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/safety-prevention/immunizations/pages/immunizations-for-teenagers-and-young-adults.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas protegen a los niños de enfermedades infecciosas perjudiciales" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/las-vacunas-protegen-los-ninos-de-enfermedades-infecciosas-perjudiciales" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/vaccines-protect-children-harmful-infectious-diseases">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas protegen a su comunidad" url="https://www.hhs.gov/es/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/work/protection/index.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas.gov" url="https://www.vaccines.gov/es/" language-mapped-url="https://www.vaccines.gov/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Los niños más grandes y los adolescentes también necesitan vacunas!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/adolescent-easyread-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Su hijo o hija necesita vacunas a medida que crece!" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread-es.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Causan autismo las vacunas? ¿Está bien no colocarse determinadas vacunas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/vaccines/art-20048334?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/vaccines/art-20048334?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Existe una conexión entre las vacunas y el autismo?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/autism-studies.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Necesitan vacunarse mis hijos antes de viajar al extranjero?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/travel-vaccinations.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/travel-vaccinations.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la inmunidad de rebaño?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/herd-immunity.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/herd-immunity.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué puedo hacer para disminuir el miedo de mi hijo a ponerse inyecciones?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/scared-shots.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/scared-shots.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vaginal bleeding is different from a period. It may last for weeks, or is between periods, before puberty, during pregnancy, or after menopause. Learn about the causes." title="Vaginal Bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4875" language="English" date-created="11/17/2008">
<also-called>Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding</also-called>
<also-called>Uterine Bleeding</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Menstruation, or period, is a woman's monthly bleeding. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is different from normal menstrual periods. It could be bleeding that is between periods, is very heavy, or lasts much longer than usual. It also includes bleeding that happens before puberty or after menopause. Causes can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html"&gt;Uterine fibroids&lt;/a&gt; or polyps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormone problems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hormone pills, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control pills&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html"&gt;hormone replacement therapy&lt;/a&gt; (menopausal hormone therapy)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cancer of the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cervix&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html"&gt;ovaries&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html"&gt;uterus&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;vagina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html"&gt;Thyroid problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bleeding during pregnancy can have several different causes. It is not always serious, but to be safe you should contact your health care provider right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pelvic exams, blood tests, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;, and other procedures can help your health care provider diagnose the problem. Treatment depends on the cause. Treatments may include medicines, hormones, and surgery.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/symptoms.html" id="31">Symptoms</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4876" language="Spanish">Sangrado vaginal</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014592">Uterine Hemorrhage</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html" id="325">Menstruation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Dysfunctional uterine bleeding</see-reference>
<see-reference>Uterine bleeding</see-reference>
<site title="Abnormal uterine bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000903.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000903.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/abnormal-uterine-bleeding/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/sangrado-uterino-anormal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/aub.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/dub.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding and Spotting from the Vagina during Pregnancy" url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/bleeding-and-spotting-vagina-during-pregnancy" language-mapped-url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/sangrado-y-manchado-de-la-vagina-durante-el-embarazo.aspx">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>March of Dimes Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding during Pregnancy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/bleeding-during-pregnancy/basics/causes/sym-20050636?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/bleeding-during-pregnancy/basics/causes/sym-20050636?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Hemorrhage" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Uterine+Hemorrhage%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="D and C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002914.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002914.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="D and C - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100013_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100013_1.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilation and curettage (D&amp;C)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dilation-and-curettage/about/pac-20384910?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endometrial biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003917.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003917.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Bleeding" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Uterine+Hemorrhage%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sonohysterography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosono" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosono">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Transvaginal ultrasound" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003779.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003779.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Bleeding" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-bleeding/basics/definition/sym-20050756?utm_source=Google&amp;utm_medium=abstract&amp;utm_content=Vaginal-bleeding&amp;utm_campaign=Knowledge-panel&amp;p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vaginal-bleeding/basics/definition/SYM-20050756?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal bleeding between periods" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003156.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003156.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000614.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000627.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003264.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003264.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal or uterine bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007496.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007496.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="When You Visit Your Doctor: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding" url="https://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/when-you-visit-your-doctor-dysfunctional-uterine-bleeding">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Harvard Medical School</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vaginal cancer is not very common and can be found early with a pap smear. Learn about risk factors such as HPV and the treatment options available." title="Vaginal Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html" id="494" language="English" date-created="11/17/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer. It is more common in women 60 and older. You are also more likely to get it if you have had a human papillomavirus (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt;) infection or if your mother took diethylstilbestrol (DES) when she was pregnant. Doctors prescribed DES in the 1950's to prevent miscarriages. You are also at higher risk if you have had abnormal cells in the vagina, cervix, or uterus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It often doesn't have early symptoms. However, see your doctor if you notice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding that is not your period&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;A vaginal lump &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pelvic pain &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A Pap test can find abnormal cells that may be cancer. Vaginal cancer can often be cured in its early stages. Treatment might include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html" id="2244" language="Spanish">Cáncer de vagina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014625">Vaginal Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451">Vaginal Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html" id="1701">Vulvar Cancer</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Vaginal Cancer Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/causas-riesgos-prevencion/prevencion.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Childhood Cervical and Vaginal Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/childhood-cervical-vaginal-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/cancer-cuello-uterino-vagina-infantil">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaginal Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vaginal+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/hormonas/hoja-informativa-des">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Vaginal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/vaginal">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility and Sexual Side Effects in People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Vaginal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/acerca/estadisticas-clave.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Normal Female Reproductive Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8262">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic CT scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007362.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007362.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaginal+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Vaginal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/causas-riesgos-prevencion/factores-de-riesgo.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/symptoms/index.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Vaginal Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/deteccion-diagnostico-clasificacion-por-etapas/como-se-diagnostica.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal and Vulvar Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vagvulv_facts.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vaginal_vulvar_facts_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001510.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001510.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - Patient Version" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vaginal/patient/vaginal-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vagina/paciente/tratamiento-vagina-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Vaginal Cancer?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vaginal-cancer/about/what-is-vaginal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/tipos/cancer-de-vagina/acerca/que-es-cancer-de-vagina.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vaginal diseases can cause uncomfortable symptoms like itching, burning, and pain. Read about vaginitis (inflammation) and other common vaginal problems." title="Vaginal Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451" language="English" date-created="07/19/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Vaginal problems are some of the most common reasons women go to the doctor. They may have symptoms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Itching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Burning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pain&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html"&gt;Abnormal bleeding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Discharge&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One common problem is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html"&gt;vaginitis&lt;/a&gt;, an inflammation of the vagina.  Other problems that affect the vagina include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;vaginal cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;vulvar cancer&lt;/a&gt;. Treatment of vaginal problems depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html" id="2216" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la vagina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014623">Vaginal Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginaldiseases.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html" id="4875">Vaginal Bleeding</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html" id="494">Vaginal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html" id="6417">Vaginitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html" id="1701">Vulvar Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvardisorders.html" id="4550">Vulvar Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html" id="1255">Yeast Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vaginal Infections</see-reference>
<site title="About Trichomoniasis" url="https://www.cdc.gov/trichomoniasis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/trichomoniasis/es/about/acerca-de-la-tricomoniasis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bartholin cyst or abscess" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001489.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001489.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bartholin's Cyst" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bartholin-cyst/symptoms-causes/syc-20369976?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaginal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vaginal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Douching" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/douching">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocervical culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003754.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003754.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Endocervical Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Feeling Fresh" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/feminine-hygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/feminine-hygiene.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital Problems in Women" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/genital-problems-women/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/genital-problems-in-women/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gyn Checkups" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Vaginal Tablets, Suppositories, and Creams" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/vaginal-tablets-suppositories-and-creams">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Imperforate hymen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000708.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000708.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Is My Vaginal Discharge Normal?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vdischarge2.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vdischarge2.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic ultrasound - abdominal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007667.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007667.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Diseases" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaginal+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Types of Hymens" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/hymens/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/tipos-de-himen/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vagina: What's Normal, What's Not" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/vagina/art-20046562?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/vagina/art-20046562?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Atrophy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal cysts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001509.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001509.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Discharge" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vaginal-discharge/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/secrecion-vaginal-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal dryness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000892.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000892.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal itching and discharge - adult and adolescent" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003158.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003158.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal itching and discharge - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003159.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Odor" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/vaginal-odor/basics/definition/SYM-20050664?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/symptoms/vaginal-odor/basics/definition/sym-20050664?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal pH: Home Use Tests" url="https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/home-use-tests/vaginal-ph">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vaginitis, and vulvovaginitis, are an inflammation or infection of the vagina. They can cause itching, pain, discharge, and odor.  Learn about causes and treatment." title="Vaginitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html" id="6417" language="English" date-created="11/15/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is vaginitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vaginitis, also called vulvovaginitis, is an inflammation or infection of the vagina. It can also affect the vulva, which is the external part of a woman's genitals. Vaginitis can cause itching, pain, discharge, and odor.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Vaginitis is common, especially in women in their reproductive years.  It usually happens when there is a change in the balance of bacteria or yeast that are normally found in your vagina. There are different types of vaginitis, and they have different causes, symptoms, and treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What  causes vaginitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women ages 15-44. It happens when there is an imbalance between the "good" and "harmful" bacteria that are normally found in a woman's vagina. Many things can change the balance of bacteria, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Taking antibiotics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Douching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using an intrauterine device (IUD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having unprotected sex with a new partner&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having many sexual partners&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html"&gt;Yeast infections&lt;/a&gt; (candidiasis) happen when too much candida grows in the vagina. Candida is the scientific name for yeast. It is a fungus that lives almost everywhere, including in your body. You may have too much growing in the vagina because of:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Diabetes, especially if it is not well-controlled&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Corticosteroid medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html"&gt;Trichomoniasis&lt;/a&gt; can also cause vaginitis. Trichomoniasis is a common &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI). It is caused by a parasite.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also have vaginitis if you are allergic or sensitive to certain products that you use. Examples include vaginal sprays, douches, spermicides, soaps, detergents, or fabric softeners. They can cause burning, itching, and discharge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hormonal changes can also cause vaginal irritation. Examples are when you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or when you have gone through menopause.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can have more than one cause of vaginitis at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of vaginitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of vaginitis depend on which type you have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With BV, you may not have symptoms. You could have a thin white or gray vaginal discharge. There may be an odor, such as a strong fish-like odor, especially after sex.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Yeast infections produce a thick, white discharge from the vagina that can look like cottage cheese. The discharge can be watery and often has no smell. Yeast infections usually cause the vagina and vulva to become itchy and red.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may not have symptoms when you have trichomoniasis. If you do have them, they include itching, burning, and soreness of the vagina and vulva. You may have burning during urination. You could also have gray-green discharge, which may smell bad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is the cause of vaginitis diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To find out the cause of your symptoms, your health care provider may:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ask you about your medical history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do a pelvic exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Look for vaginal discharge, noting its color, qualities, and any odor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Study a sample of your vaginal fluid under a microscope&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some cases, you may need more tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for vaginitis?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The treatment depends on which type of vaginitis you have.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;BV is treatable with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;antibiotics&lt;/a&gt;. You may get pills to swallow, or cream or gel that you put in your vagina. During treatment, you should use a condom during sex or not have sex at all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Yeast infections are usually treated with a cream or with medicine that you put inside your vagina. You can buy over-the-counter treatments for yeast infections, but you need to be sure that you do have a yeast infection and not another type of vaginitis. See your health care provider if this is the first time you have had symptoms. Even if you have had yeast infections before, it is a good idea to call your health care provider before using an over-the-counter treatment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The treatment for trichomoniasis is usually a single-dose antibiotic. Both you and your partner(s) should be treated, to prevent spreading the infection to others and to keep from getting it again.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If your vaginitis is due to an allergy or sensitivity to a product, you need to figure out which product is causing the problem. It could be a product that you started using recently. Once you figure it out, you should stop using the product.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If the cause of your vaginitis is a hormonal change, your health care provider may give you estrogen cream to help with your symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can vaginitis cause other health problems?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to treat BV and trichomoniasis, because having either of them can increase your risk for getting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; or another STI. If you are pregnant, BV or trichomoniasis can increase your risk for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html"&gt;preterm labor&lt;/a&gt; and preterm birth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can vaginitis be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To help prevent vaginitis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do not douche or use vaginal sprays.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a latex condom when having sex. If your or your partner is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html"&gt;allergic to latex&lt;/a&gt;, you can use polyurethane condoms.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear cotton underwear.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html" id="6418" language="Spanish">Vaginitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014627">Vaginitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014848">Vulvovaginitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vaginitis.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html" id="4325">Trichomoniasis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451">Vaginal Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html" id="1255">Yeast Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bacterial Vaginosis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vaginal Yeast Infection</see-reference>
<site title="About Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/es/about/acerca-de-la-vaginosis-bacteriana.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Vaginosis" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/Pages/Bacterial-Vaginosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/paginas/bacterial-vaginosis.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Vaginosis" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial vaginosis - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000687.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial Vaginosis Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacterial-vaginosis-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vaginosis-bacteriana/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Can Vaginitis Be Prevented?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/prevention" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/previene">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Candidiasis,+Vulvovaginal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaginitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vaginitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vaginosis, Bacterial" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vaginosis,+Bacterial%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/diagnosis" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bacterialvag/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Vaginitis?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/diagnosed" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is Vaginitis Treated?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vulvovaginitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Vaginitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Trichomoniasis: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal yeast infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001511.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Yeast Infections" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/yeast-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/yeast-infections.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Yeast Infections" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vaginitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/Vaginitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis test - wet mount" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003916.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvovaginitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000897.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/symptoms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bacterialvag/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Treatments for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/treatments" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bacterialvag/informacion/tratamientos">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infections: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vaginitis es una inflamación o infección de la vagina. Puede causar secreción, dolor, picazón u olor. Tipos, causas, prevención." title="Vaginitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html" id="6418" language="Spanish" date-created="11/15/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;b&gt;¿Qué es la vaginitis?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vaginitis, también llamada vulvovaginitis, es una inflamación o infección de la vagina. También puede afectar la vulva,  la parte externa de los genitales de la mujer. La vaginitis puede causar picazón, dolor, secreción y olor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vaginitis es común, especialmente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Por lo general, ocurre cuando hay un cambio en el equilibrio de bacterias o levaduras que normalmente se encuentran en su vagina. Hay diferentes tipos de vaginitis, las que tienen distintas causas, síntomas y tratamientos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cuál es la causa de la vaginitis?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vaginosis bacteriana es la infección vaginal más común en las mujeres entre 15 y 44 años. Ocurre cuando hay un desequilibrio entre las bacterias "buenas" y "malas" que normalmente se encuentran en la vagina de una mujer. Muchas cosas pueden cambiar el equilibrio de estas bacterias, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tomar antibióticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Duchas vaginales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Usar un dispositivo intrauterino &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tener relaciones sexuales sin protección con una nueva pareja&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tener muchas parejas sexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;infecciones por cándida&lt;/a&gt; (candidiasis) ocurren cuando demasiada de esta levadura crece en la vagina. Su nombre científico es cándida. Es un hongo que vive en casi todas partes, incluso en su cuerpo. Usted puede tener demasiado crecimiento en la vagina debido a:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Antibióticos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Diabetes, especialmente si no está bien controlada&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicamentos corticoides&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html"&gt;tricomoniasis&lt;/a&gt; también puede causar vaginitis. La tricomoniasis es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) común causada por un parásito.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede tener vaginitis si usted es alérgica o es sensible a ciertos productos. Ejemplos incluyen aerosoles vaginales, duchas, espermicidas, jabones, detergentes o suavizantes de telas. Pueden causar ardor, picazón y secreción.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los cambios hormonales también pueden causar irritación vaginal. Por ejemplo, cuando usted está embarazada o amamantando, o cuando usted está pasando por la menopausia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; A veces puede haber más de una causa de vaginitis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la vaginitis?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los síntomas de la vaginitis dependen del tipo que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; En la vaginitis bacteriana, es posible que no tenga síntomas. Usted podría tener un ligero flujo vaginal blanco o gris. También puede haber olor, similar a un fuerte olor a pescado, especialmente después de tener relaciones sexuales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones por levaduras producen una descarga espesa y blanca de la vagina, que puede parecerse al queso cottage. La descarga puede ser acuosa y a menudo no tiene olor. Las infecciones por levaduras generalmente causan enrojecimiento y picazón en la vagina y la vulva.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que no tenga síntomas si tiene tricomoniasis. Si los tiene, estos incluyen picazón, ardor y dolor de la vagina y la vulva. Puede tener ardor al orinar. También podría tener una descarga color gris verdoso que puede tener mal olor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de la vaginitis?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para averiguar la causa de sus síntomas, su médico puede:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Preguntarle sobre su historia clínica&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Realizar un examen pélvico&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Observar su flujo vaginal, notando su color, consistencia y si tiene olor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estudiar una muestra de su flujo vaginal bajo el microscopio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;En algunos casos, es posible que necesite más pruebas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la vaginitis?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento depende del tipo de vaginitis que tenga.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vaginitis bacteriana se trata con antibióticos. Pueden recetarle píldoras o una crema o gel para colocar en su vagina. Mientras dure el tratamiento debe usar condón cuando tenga relaciones sexuales, o no tener relaciones sexuales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones por levaduras generalmente se tratan con una crema o con medicamentos que se introducen en la vagina. Usted puede comprar tratamientos de venta libre para infecciones por levaduras, pero debe estar segura que usted tiene una infección por levadura y no otro tipo de vaginitis. Consulte a su proveedor de atención médica si es la primera vez que presenta síntomas. Es una buena idea llamar a su proveedor de atención médica antes de usar un tratamiento sin receta. Incluso si anteriormente ha tenido infecciones de levadura.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El tratamiento de la tricomoniasis suele ser un antibiótico de dosis única. Tanto usted como su pareja(s) deben ser tratados para prevenir el contagio de la infección a otros y para evitar que vuelva a infectarse.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su vaginitis se debe a una alergia o sensibilidad a un producto, debe determinar qué producto está causando el problema. Puede ser un producto que comenzó a utilizar recientemente. Una vez que lo averigüe, debe dejar de usarlo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si la causa de su vaginitis es un cambio hormonal, su médico puede darle crema de estrógeno para ayudar con sus síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Puede la vaginitis causar otros problemas de salud?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es importante tratar la vaginitis bacteriana y la tricomoniasis, ya que cualquiera de ellas puede aumentar el riesgo de contraer el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; u otra &lt;a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/a&gt;. Si está embarazada, la vaginitis bacteriana o la tricomoniasis pueden aumentar el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html"&gt;trabajo de parto prematuro&lt;/a&gt; y de nacimiento prematuro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;b&gt;¿Cómo se puede prevenir la vaginitis?&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para ayudar a prevenir la vaginitis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No se haga duchas vaginales ni use desodorantes íntimos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use un condón de látex cuando tenga relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evite ropa que mantenga el calor y la humedad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use ropa interior de algodón&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html" id="6417" language="English">Vaginitis</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Acerca de la vaginosis bacteriana" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/es/about/acerca-de-la-vaginosis-bacteriana.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/about/">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Atención postratamiento para la vaginosis bacteriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000687.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000687.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidosis vaginal" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidosis vaginal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001511.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuidados personales para la vaginitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen para vaginitis con preparación en fresco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003916.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003916.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por cándida: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones vaginales (vaginitis)" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/infecciones-vaginales/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vaginosis bacteriana" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vaginosis-bacteriana/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacterial-vaginosis-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tricomoniasis: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vaginitis bacteriana" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/paginas/bacterial-vaginosis.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/Pages/Bacterial-Vaginosis.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginosis bacteriana" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/vaginosis-bacteriana-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginosis bacteriana" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/vaginosis-bacteriana/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvovaginitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000897.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la vaginitis?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la vaginosis bacteriana?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bacterialvag/informacion/sintomas" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/symptoms">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuántas mujeres tienen vaginitis?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/riesgo">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud la vaginitis?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/diagnosed">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican los proveedores de cuidado de la salud la vaginosis bacteriana?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bacterialvag/informacion/diagnostica" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se trata la vaginitis?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la vaginitis?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué tratamientos hay para la vaginosis bacteriana?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/bacterialvag/informacion/tratamientos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bacterialvag/conditioninfo/treatments">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Se puede prevenir la vaginitis?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vaginitis/informacion/previene" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Valley Fever is a disease caused by a fungus called Coccidioides. You get it from inhaling the spores of the fungus. It's most common in older adults." title="Valley Fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/valleyfever.html" id="5634" language="English" date-created="10/04/2010">
<also-called>Coccidioidomycosis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Valley Fever is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Coccidioides. The fungi live in the soil of dry areas like the southwestern U.S. You get it from inhaling the spores of the fungus. The infection cannot spread from person to person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Anyone can get Valley Fever. But it's most common among older adults, especially those 60 and older. People who have recently moved to an area where it occurs are at highest risk for infection. Other people at higher risk include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Workers in jobs that expose them to soil dust.   These include construction workers, agricultural workers, and military forces doing field training.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;African Americans and Asians&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women in their third trimester of pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with weak immune systems&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Valley Fever is often mild, with no symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include a flu-like illness, with fever, cough, headache, rash, and muscle aches. Most people get better within several weeks or months. A small number of people may develop a chronic lung or widespread infection.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Valley Fever is diagnosed by testing your blood, other body fluids, or tissues. Many people with the acute infection get better without treatment. In some cases, doctors may prescribe antifungal drugs for acute infections. Severe infections require antifungal drugs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html" id="5635" language="Spanish">Fiebre del valle</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003047">Coccidioidomycosis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html" id="1538">Molds</related-topic>
<see-reference>Coccidioidomycosis</see-reference>
<site title="About Valley Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chest x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003804.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003804.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Coccidioidomycosis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Coccidioidomycosis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coccidioides complement fixation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003547.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003547.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Coccidioides precipitin test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003525.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003525.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="CSF coccidioides complement fixation" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003526.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Facts and Stats about Valley fever (Coccidioidomycosis)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/php/statistics/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/spanish/statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Valley Fever" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Coccidioidomycosis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Reducing Risk for Valley Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/spanish/risk-prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/spanish/symptoms.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Lung Disease" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pruebas-pulmonares">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Valley Fever" url="https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/spanish/treatment.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Valley Fever" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Valley fever" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001322.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001322.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La varicela es una enfermedad contagiosa causada por el virus de la varicela zoster. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamientos y prevención de la varicela. " title="Varicela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html" id="1807" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La varicela es una infección causada por el virus de la varicela zoster. La mayoría de los casos se da en niños menores de 15 años de edad, pero también puede observarse en niños más grandes y adultos. Se disemina muy fácilmente de una persona a otra. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El síntoma más típico de esta enfermedad es una molesta erupción en la piel que causa picazón. Esta erupción, se transforma en ampollas con líquido que luego forman costras. Generalmente, aparece en la cara, pecho, espalda y luego se extiende al resto del cuerpo. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de cabeza&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cansancio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Falta de apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La enfermedad suele ser leve y dura de 5 a 10 días. Las cremas y lociones con calamina y baños de avena pueden ayudar con la picazón. El acetaminofén puede ayudar a tratar la fiebre. No tome aspirina. La combinación de este medicamento con la varicela puede causar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html"&gt;síndrome de Reye&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas veces, la varicela, causa problemas serios. Los adultos, bebés, adolescentes, embarazadas y aquellos con sistemas inmunes debilitados suelen padecer casos más graves. Quizás necesiten tomar medicamentos antivirales.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Generalmente, una vez que se adquiere varicela, el virus permanece en el cuerpo aún después de haber sanado. Probablemente no tendrá varicela otra vez, pero el virus puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html"&gt;culebrilla&lt;/a&gt; en los adultos. Una vacuna contra la varicela puede ayudar a prevenir la mayoría de los casos o hacerlos menos severos. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html" id="182" language="English">Chickenpox</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html" id="2243">Culebrilla (herpes zóster)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html" id="1814">Vacunas para los niños</related-topic>
<see-reference>Virus de la varicela Zoster</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Neuralgia postherpética" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postherpetic-neuralgia/symptoms-causes/syc-20376588?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Varicela (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/chickenpox-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chickenpox-sheet.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de varicela y culebrilla" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-varicela-y-culebrilla/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chickenpox-and-shingles-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de serología de anticuerpos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-serologia-de-anticuerpos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antibody-serology-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Reye" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/reye.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/reye.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la varicela" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vacuna-contra-la-varicela/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/chickenpox-vaccine/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la varicela: Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_varicella.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/varicella.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra MMRV: Lo que usted necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_mmrv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Varicela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001592.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001592.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicela" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chicken-pox.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chicken-pox.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicela" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/varicela.aspx" language-mapped-url="http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy.aspx">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicela" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es-cl/hogar/infecciones/infecciones-por-el-virus-del-herpes/varicela">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicela: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chickenpox/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351287?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicela: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chickenpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20351282?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué la varicela produce picazón?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/chicken-pox-itch.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/chicken-pox-itch.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Varicose veins (or spider veins) are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin. Learn about how to keep them from getting worse." title="Varicose Veins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html" id="540" language="English" date-created="07/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin. They usually occur in the legs, but also can form in other parts of the body. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;Hemorrhoids&lt;/a&gt; are a type of varicose vein.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your veins have one-way valves that help keep blood flowing toward your heart. If the valves are weak or damaged, blood can back up and pool in your veins. This causes the veins to swell, which can lead to varicose veins.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Varicose veins are very common. You are more at risk if you are older, are female, have obesity, don't exercise, or have a family history of varicose veins. They can also be more common in pregnancy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors often diagnose varicose veins from a physical exam. Sometimes you may need additional tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Exercising, losing weight, elevating your legs when resting, and not crossing them when sitting can help keep varicose veins from getting worse. Wearing loose clothing and avoiding long periods of standing can also help. If varicose veins are painful or you don't like the way they look, your doctor may recommend procedures to remove them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html" id="2217" language="Spanish">Várices</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014648">Varicose Veins</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/varicoseveins.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Spider Veins</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veins</see-reference>
<site title="Ambulatory Phlebectomy" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/ambulatory-phlebectomy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society for Dermatologic Surgery" url="https://www.asds.net/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bulging Veins: What to Do About Varicose Veins" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/bulging-veins" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/venas-abultadas">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Venous Insufficiency" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/chronic-venous-insufficiency-cvi">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Telangiectasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Telangiectasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Varicose Veins" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Varicose+Veins%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologic Surgeon" url="https://www.asds.net/find-a-dermatologic-surgeon/advanced/true">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Interventional Radiologist" url="https://www.sirweb.org/patient-center/doctor-finder/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Society of Interventional Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glossary" url="https://www.vascularcures.org/patients/glossary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vascular Cures</organization>
</site>
<site title="Horse Chestnut" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/horse-chestnut">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Varicose Veins" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Varicose+Veins%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sclerotherapy of Varicose Veins and Spider Veins" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Sclerotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/sclerotherapy">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Spider Veins" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-conditions/spider-veins">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003284.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telangiectasias" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/telangiectasia?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001284.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20378771?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele (For Teens)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/varicocele.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele Embolization" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Varicocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/varicocele">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose and other vein problems - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000615.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000615.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose vein - noninvasive treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007395.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose vein stripping" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002952.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002952.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose Vein Treatment (Endovenous Ablation of Varicose Veins)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/varicoseabl" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/varicoseabl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose Veins" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/varicose-veins" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/varices">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Varicose veins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001109.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose veins - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000256.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose Veins and Spider Veins" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/varicose-veins-and-spider-veins" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/varicose-veins-and-spider-veins">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicose Veins: Diagnosis and Treatment" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicose-veins/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350649?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/varicose-veins/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350649?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicosities" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/varicosities?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Venography">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venous insufficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000203.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venous Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venousus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/venousus">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Varicose Veins? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/varicose-veins.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/varicose-veins.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Why Do Some Pregnant Women Get Varicose Veins?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/veins.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/veins.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your vascular system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart. Learn about vascular diseases and their treatments." title="Vascular Diseases" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html" id="533" language="English" date-created="11/03/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are vascular diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your vascular system is your body's network of blood vessels. It includes your:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Arteries, which carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your tissues and organs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Veins, which carry the blood and waste products back to your heart&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels that connect your small arteries to your small veins. The walls of the capillaries are thin and leaky, to allow for an exchange of materials between your tissues and blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vascular diseases are conditions which affect your vascular system. They are common and can be serious. Some types include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;Aneurysm&lt;/a&gt; - a bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;Atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt; - a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html"&gt;Blood clots&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html"&gt;deep vein thrombosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html"&gt;pulmonary embolism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;Coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html"&gt;carotid artery disease&lt;/a&gt;, diseases that involve the narrowing or blockage of an artery. The cause is usually a buildup of plaque.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html"&gt;Raynaud phenomenon&lt;/a&gt; - a disorder that causes the blood vessels to narrow when you are cold or feeling stressed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;Stroke&lt;/a&gt; - a serious condition that happens when blood flow to your brain stops.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html"&gt;Varicose veins&lt;/a&gt; - swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html"&gt;Vasculitis&lt;/a&gt; - inflammation of the blood vessels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes vascular diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The causes of vascular diseases depend on the specific disease. These causes include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Genetics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heart diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;high cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;high blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injury&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, including hormones&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the cause is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for vascular diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The risk factors for vascular diseases can vary, depending on the specific disease. But some of the more common risk factors include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Age - your risk of some diseases goes up as you get older&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Conditions that can affect the heart and blood vessels, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html"&gt;diabetes&lt;/a&gt; or high cholesterol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Family history of vascular or heart diseases&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infection or injury that damages your veins&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lack of exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;Obesity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnancy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sitting or standing still for long periods of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smoking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of vascular diseases?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms for each disease are different.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;How are vascular diseases diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt; and/or blood tests.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are vascular diseases treated?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Which treatment you get depends on which vascular disease you have and how severe it is. Types of treatments for vascular diseases include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lifestyle changes, such as eating a heart-healthy diet and getting more exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html"&gt;blood pressure medicines&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol medicines&lt;/a&gt;, and clot-dissolving drugs. In some cases, providers use a catheter to send medicine directly to a blood vessel.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Non-surgical procedures, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html"&gt;angioplasty&lt;/a&gt;, stenting, and vein ablation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can vascular diseases be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are steps you can take to help prevent vascular diseases:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Make healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a heart-healthy diet and getting more exercise&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't smoke. If you are already a smoker, talk to your health care provider for help in finding the best way for you to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;quit&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol in check&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have diabetes, control your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html"&gt;blood sugar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Try not to sit or stand for up long periods of time. If you do need to sit all day, get up and move around every hour or so. If you are traveling on a long trip, you can also wear compression stockings and regularly stretch your legs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
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<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html" id="1822" language="Spanish">Problemas circulatorios</language-mapped-topic>
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<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html" id="141">Aneurysms</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arteriovenousmalformations.html" id="4553">Arteriovenous Malformations</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html" id="5400">Atherosclerosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html" id="6076">Blood Clots</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html" id="4063">Carotid Artery Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html" id="1276">Coronary Artery Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html" id="1683">Deep Vein Thrombosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html" id="5">Heart Attack</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html" id="6452">Heart Health Tests</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html" id="4083">Peripheral Arterial Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html" id="377">Pulmonary Embolism</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html" id="381">Raynaud Phenomenon</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html" id="8">Stroke</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html" id="540">Varicose Veins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html" id="1424">Vasculitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Cardiovascular Diseases</see-reference>
<see-reference>Circulatory Disorders</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hemangioma</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veins</see-reference>
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<site title="What Is Hemangioma?" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hemangioma" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/que-es-un-hemangioma">
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<health-topic meta-desc="Vasculitis, also called Angiitis, is an inflammation of the blood vessels. Learn about symptoms and treatment." title="Vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html" id="1424" language="English" date-created="02/20/2001">
<also-called>Angiitis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels. It happens when the body's immune system attacks the blood vessel by mistake. It can happen because of an infection, a medicine, or another disease. The cause is often unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vasculitis can affect arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body's organs. Veins are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect the small arteries and veins. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When a blood vessel becomes inflamed, it can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Narrow, making it more difficult for blood to get through.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Close off completely so that blood can't get through.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt; Stretch and weaken so much that it bulges.  The bulge is called an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurysm&lt;/a&gt;. If it  bursts, it can cause dangerous bleeding inside the body.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of vasculitis can vary, but usually include fever, swelling and a general sense of feeling ill. The main goal of treatment is to stop the inflammation. Steroids and other medicines to stop inflammation are often helpful.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html" id="2218" language="Spanish">Vasculitis</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014657">Vasculitis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/behcetssyndrome.html" id="1084">Behcet's Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5615">Giant Cell Arteritis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html" id="1447">Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="1382">Polymyalgia Rheumatica</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html" id="533">Vascular Diseases</related-topic>
<see-reference>Angiitis</see-reference>
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<organization>Vasculitis Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Autoimmune Association" url="https://autoimmune.org/">
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<site title="Buerger's Disease" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/buergers-disease/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
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<organization>Vasculitis Foundation</organization>
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Cryoglobulinemia" url="https://www.vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/cryoglobulinemic-vasculitis/">
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<organization>Vasculitis Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Cryoglobulinemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000540.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
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<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Henoch-Schonlein Purpura" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/henochschnlein-purpura/">
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<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypersensitivity vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000874.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="IgA vasculitis - Henoch-Schonlein purpura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000425.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immune System &amp; Rheumatic Disease" url="https://rheumatology.org/immune-system-rheumatic-disease" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/el-sistema-inmunologico-y-la-enfermedad-reumatica">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Vasculitis" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/iga-vasculitis">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kawasaki Disease: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/kawasakidisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kawasakidisease.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Methotrexate" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis-treatments/methotrexate-mtx/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microscopic Polyangiitis" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/microscopic-polyangiitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
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<site title="MR Angiography (MRA)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Necrotizing vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Polyarteritis nodosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001438.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Polyarteritis Nodosa" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/polyarteritis-nodosa/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prednisone" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/vasculitis-treatments/prednisone/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vasculitis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
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<site title="Purpura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003232.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Rheumatoid Vasculitis" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/rheumatoid-vasculitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Splinter hemorrhages" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003283.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Takayasu arteritis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001250.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Takayasu's Arteritis" url="https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/takayasus-arteritis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper airway biopsy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003856.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Urticarial Vasculitis" url="https://www.vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/urticarial-vasculitis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Vasculitis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363435?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363435?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/vasculitis-espanol">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American College of Rheumatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis in the Nervous System" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/vasculitis-nervous-system">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis Terms A to Z" url="https://www.vasculitisfoundation.org/resources/glossary/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Vasculitis Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What is Vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vasculitis es una inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. Entérese sobre síntomas y tratamientos de la vasculitis." title="Vasculitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html" id="2218" language="Spanish" date-created="02/07/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La vasculitis es una inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo ataca a los vasos sanguíneos por equivocación. Puede ocurrir por una infección, una medicina u otra enfermedad. La causa es a menudo desconocida.   &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La vasculitis puede afectar las arterias, venas y capilares. Las arterias son vasos que trasladan la sangre desde el corazón hacia los órganos del cuerpo. Las venas son vasos que trasladan la sangre de regreso al corazón. Los capilares son pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan a las arterias y las venas de menor tamaño.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cuando un vaso sanguíneo se inflama, puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Estrecharse y hacer más difícil el paso de la sangre &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cerrarse completamente por lo que la sangre no puede pasar &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estirarse y debilitarse tanto que brotan. A este ensanchamiento se le llama &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html"&gt;aneurisma&lt;/a&gt;. Si se revienta, puede causar una peligrosa hemorragia al interior del cuerpo &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Los síntomas de una vasculitis pueden variar, pero suelen incluir fiebre, inflamación y una sensación general de enfermedad. La meta principal del tratamiento es detener la inflamación. Los esteroides y otros medicamentos para detener la inflamación son a menudo útiles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html" id="1424" language="English">Vasculitis</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giantcellarteritis.html" id="5616">Arteritis de células gigantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html" id="2226">Granulomatosis con poliangeítis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polymyalgiarheumatica.html" id="2097">Polimialgia reumática</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html" id="1822">Problemas circulatorios</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/behcetssyndrome.html" id="1768">Síndrome de Behcet</related-topic>
<see-reference>Venas</see-reference>
<site title="Angiografía aórtica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003814.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003814.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía cerebral" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003799.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003799.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiografía de resonancia magnética" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angiomr" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Angiotomografía computarizada" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/angioct" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioct">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aortitis" url="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/trastornos-del-coraz%C3%B3n-y-los-vasos-sangu%C3%ADneos/aneurismas-y-disecci%C3%B3n-a%C3%B3rtica/aortitis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arteritis de Takayasu" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001250.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001250.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Biopsia de las vías respiratorias altas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003856.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003856.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003555.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crioglobulinemia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000540.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000540.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad de Kawasaki: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kawasakidisease.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/kawasakidisease.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad vascular del colágeno" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001223.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia lineal subungueal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003283.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Poliarteritis nudosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001438.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001438.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Proteína C reactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003356.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de anticuerpos frente al citoplasma de los neutrófilos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-frente-al-citoplasma-de-los-neutrofilos/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibodies-anca-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de proteína C reactiva (PCR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteina-c-reactiva-pcr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-reactive-protein-crp-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003232.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003232.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/purpura-de-henoch-schonlein-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/henoch-schonlein-purpura.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sistema Inmunológico y la Enfermedad Reumática" url="https://rheumatology.org/el-sistema-inmunologico-y-la-enfermedad-reumatica" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/immune-system-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Churg-Strauss" url="https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/afecciones-y-tratamientos/afecciones-relacionadas/sindrome-de-churg-strauss-(scs)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síndromes de vasculitis del sistema nervioso central y periférico" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/forma-larga/sindromes-de-vasculitis-del-sistema-nervioso-central-y-periferico" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/vasculitis-and-nervous-system-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido vascular" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/vascularus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/vascularus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363435?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vasculitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20363435?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/vasculitis-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/vasculitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis IgA (púrpura de Henoch-Schoenlein)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000425.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000425.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis necrosante" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000432.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000432.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis por hipersensibilidad" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000874.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000874.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasculitis: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vasculitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363485?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la vasculitis?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/vasculitis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/vasculitis">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vasectomy is a surgical form of birth control in men. Read about how it is done, and how it can sometimes be surgically reversed." title="Vasectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasectomy.html" id="5821" language="English" date-created="07/19/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A vasectomy is a type of minor surgery that prevents a man from being able to get a woman pregnant. It is a permanent form of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;birth control&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A vasectomy works by cutting the vas deferens, which are the tubes that carry the sperm out of the testicles. Then the sperm can no longer reach the semen. Semen is the fluid that the penis ejaculates (releases during orgasm). Since there are no sperm, the man cannot get a woman pregnant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The surgery is quick; it usually takes less than 30 minutes. You will probably be able to go home the same day. You may have some discomfort, bruising, and swelling for a few days. In most cases, you will fully recover in less than a week.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A vasectomy is one of the most effective forms of birth control. But it takes about three months (or about 20 ejaculations) before it is effective. You will still need to use other birth control until you know that your semen doesn't have any more sperm in it. After two to three months, your health care provider will test your semen to make sure that there are no sperm in it.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Having a vasectomy does not affect your sex life. It does not decrease your sex drive. And it will not affect your ability to get an erection or have an orgasm.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vasectomies can sometimes be reversed, but not always. It is done with a procedure to reconnect the vas deferens. Another option if you decide to have children later might be to have sperm taken from your testicles. The sperm could then be used for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;in vitro fertilization&lt;/a&gt; (IVF). However, this may not always work. It's also important to know that both a vasectomy reversal and IVF are expensive.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having a vasectomy does not protect you from &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs), such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;.   Using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex is the only way to protect against STIs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Pregnancy and Reproduction</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/men.html" id="24">Men</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Male Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasectomy.html" id="5822" language="Spanish">Vasectomía</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014659">Vasectomy</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vasectomy.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vasectomy.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vasectomy.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasectomy.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vasectomy.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vasectomy.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html" id="160">Birth Control</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tuballigation.html" id="5818">Tubal Ligation</related-topic>
<see-reference>Male Sterilization</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sterilization</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Reproductive Sterilization" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Sterilization,+Reproductive%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vasectomy" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Vasectomy%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Is a Vasectomy Done?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vasectomy/conditioninfo/done" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vasectomy/informacion/realiza">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics from the National Survey of Family Growth: Vasectomy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/v.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomy" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vasectomy%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Semen Analysis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/semen-analysis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-semen/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sterilization surgery - making a decision" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002138.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002995.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002995.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomy" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vasectomy" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vasectomy">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000139.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100106_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100106_1.htm">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are the Risks of Vasectomy?" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vasectomy/conditioninfo/risk" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vasectomy/informacion/riesgos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vasectomía es una forma de anticoncepción permanente en hombres, obstruyendo el canal del esperma. Entérese sobre esta cirugía." title="Vasectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasectomy.html" id="5822" language="Spanish" date-created="07/28/2011">
<also-called>Cirugía de esterilización masculina</also-called>
<also-called>NSV</also-called>
<also-called>Vasectomía sin bisturí</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una vasectomía es un tipo de cirugía menor que impide que un hombre pueda dejar embarazada a una mujer. Es una forma permanente de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;control de la natalidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una vasectomía funciona cortando los conductos deferentes, que son los conductos que transportan los espermatozoides fuera de los testículos. Así, los espermatozoides no pueden llegar al semen. El semen es el líquido que el pene eyacula (expulsa durante el orgasmo). Como no hay espermatozoides, el hombre no puede dejar embarazada a una mujer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La cirugía es rápida; normalmente tarda menos de 30 minutos. Es probable que pueda regresar a casa el mismo día. Es posible tener algunas molestias, moretones e inflamación durante unos días. En la mayoría de los casos, se recuperará por completo en menos de una semana.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una vasectomía es una de las formas más efectivas de control de la natalidad. Pero se necesitan unos tres meses (o unas 20 eyaculaciones) antes de que sea eficaz. Aún necesitará usar otro método anticonceptivo hasta que sepa que su semen no contiene más espermatozoides. Después de dos o tres meses, su profesional de la salud analizará su semen para asegurarse de que no contenga espermatozoides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tener una vasectomía no afecta la vida sexual. No disminuye el deseo sexual. Y no afecta su capacidad para lograr una erección o tener un orgasmo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En ocasiones, las vasectomías se pueden revertir, pero no siempre. Se realiza con un procedimiento para reconectar los conductos deferentes. Si decide tener hijos más adelante,  otra opción podría ser que extraer esperma de los testículos. Luego, el esperma podría usarse para la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html"&gt;fertilización in vitro&lt;/a&gt;. Sin embargo, es posible que esto no siempre funcione. También es importante saber que tanto la reversión de la vasectomía como la fertilización in vitro son costosas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Realizarse una vasectomía no protege contra &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt; (ITS), como el VIH. Usar un condón cada vez que tenga sexo anal, vaginal u oral es la única forma de protegerse contra las ITS.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/men.html" id="24">Hombres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vasectomy.html" id="5821" language="English">Vasectomy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NICHD">Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html" id="1773">Control de la natalidad y contracepción</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuballigation.html" id="5819">Ligadura de trompas</related-topic>
<site title="Análisis de semen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-semen/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/semen-analysis/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tomar la decisión para una cirugía de esterilización" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002138.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002138.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomía" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vasectomy" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vasectomy">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002995.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002995.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomía" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000139.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000139.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomía (imagen)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100106_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100106_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vasectomía: Qué esperar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vasectomia-que-puedo-esperar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/men/reproductive/195.printerview.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la vasectomía?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vasectomy/informacion/riesgos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vasectomy/conditioninfo/risk">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se realiza una vasectomía?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vasectomy/informacion/realiza" language-mapped-url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vasectomy/conditioninfo/done">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A vegetarian diet focuses on plants for food.  There is no single type of vegetarian diet. Nutrients to focus on include protein, iron and calcium." title="Vegetarian Diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vegetariandiet.html" id="1613" language="English" date-created="04/08/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A vegetarian diet focuses on plants for food. These include fruits, vegetables, dried 
beans and peas, grains, seeds and nuts. There is no single type of vegetarian diet. 
Instead, vegetarian eating patterns usually fall into the following groups:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	The vegan diet, which excludes all meat and animal products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	The lacto vegetarian diet, which includes plant foods plus dairy products&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	The lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, which includes both dairy products and eggs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People who follow vegetarian diets can get all the nutrients they need. However, they 
must be careful to eat a wide variety of foods to meet their nutritional needs. Nutrients 
vegetarians may need to focus on include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html"&gt;protein&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html"&gt;iron&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;, zinc and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamin B12&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;United States Department of Agriculture&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vegetariandiet.html" id="2219" language="Spanish">Dieta vegetariana</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000066988">Vegetarians</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014676">Diet, Vegetarian</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vegetariandiet.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vegan Diet</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vegans</see-reference>
<site title="Beans, Peas, and Lentils" url="https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/protein-foods/beans-peas-lentils">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Being a Vegetarian" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vegetarian.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vegetarian.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Building a Healthy Vegetarian Diet: Myths and Facts" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/vegetarian-and-plant-based/building-a-healthy-vegetarian-diet-myths">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diet, Vegan" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diet,+Vegan%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Diet, Vegetarian" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Diet,+Vegetarian%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Enjoy Vegetarian Meals" url="https://myplate-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/2022-04/TipSheet_7_EnjoyVegetarianMeals.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Agriculture</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food Sources of 5 Important Nutrients for Vegetarians" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/vegetarian-and-plant-based/food-sources-of-5-important-nutrients-for-vegetarians">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Recipes: Vegetarian" url="https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/vegetarian/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian Cuisine" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/eat/menus_lacto_ov.htm">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Meeting Dietary Requirements as a Pregnant Vegetarian" url="https://mothertobaby.org/baby-blog/meeting-dietary-requirements-as-a-pregnant-vegetarian/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Organization of Teratology Information Specialists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protein Foods for Your Vegetarian Child" url="https://www.eatright.org/food/food-groups/protein-foods/protein-foods-for-your-vegetarian-child">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vegetarian Diet" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vegetarians%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Diet%2C+Vegetarian%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Renal Diet for Vegetarians: What about Protein?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/expert-answers/renal-diet/faq-20058205?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vegetarian diet" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002465.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002465.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vegetarian Diet: Can It Help Me Control My Diabetes?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/FAQ-20058117?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/diabetes/faq-20058117?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin B12" url="https://familydoctor.org/vitamin-b-12/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vitamina-b-12/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vejiga hiperactiva ocasiona ganas de orinar que son más frecuentes de lo normal, entre otros síntomas. Entérese sobre causas, tratamientos. " title="Vejiga hiperactiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html" id="6133" language="Spanish" date-created="05/22/2013">
<also-called>Vejiga espasmódica</also-called>
<also-called>Vejiga espástica</also-called>
<also-called>Vejiga hiperreactiva</also-called>
<also-called>Vejiga inestable</also-called>
<also-called>Vejiga irritable</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Se dice que una vejiga es hiperactiva cuando expulsa orina en el momento equivocado. Si una persona experimenta  dos o más de estos síntomas, puede ser que tenga una vejiga hiperactiva:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orinar ocho o más veces al día o más de dos veces a la noche&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganas repentinas de orinar y fuertes necesidades de orinar inmediatamente &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pérdida de orina luego de haber tenido ganas repentinas de orinar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También puede presentarse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html"&gt;incontinencia&lt;/a&gt; o pérdida del control de la vejiga. La mayoría de las veces, las causas se desconocen pero algunos problemas que afecten los nervios, beber demasiado líquido o cafeína pueden ser algunas. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El doctor puede recetar un remedio que relaje los músculos y los nervios. Estos medicamentos pueden ser pastillas, líquidos o parches.  Algunos efectos secundarios de estas medicinas pueden ser ojos y boca secos y estreñimiento. Para lidiar con estos efectos secundarios en los ojos, se pueden usar gotas (colirios). Para el problema de la boca seca, se puede masticar goma de mascar sin azúcar o chupar un caramelo sin azúcar y tomar pequeños sorbos de agua durante el día.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Riñones y sistema urinario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html" id="6132" language="English">Overactive Bladder</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html" id="1777">Enfermedades de la vejiga</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html" id="2211">Incontinencia urinaria</related-topic>
<see-reference>Espasmódica, Vejiga</see-reference>
<see-reference>Espástica, Vejiga</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hiperreactiva, Vejiga</see-reference>
<see-reference>Inestable, Vejiga</see-reference>
<see-reference>Irritable, Vejiga</see-reference>
<site title="Cistoscopia y ureteroscopia" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/cistoscopia-ureteroscopia" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico por la imagen (imagenología) de las vías urinarias" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/imagen-vias-urinarias" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urinary-tract-imaging">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicios de Kegel para hombres" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/mens-health/in-depth/kegel-exercises-for-men/art-20045074?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedades urológicas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia imperiosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001270.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001270.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Incontinencia urinaria: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Micción urgente o frecuente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003140.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003140.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas urodinámicas" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/pruebas-urodinamicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/urodynamic-testing">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de los problemas de control de la vejiga (incontinencia urinaria)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/problemas-control-vejiga-incontinencia-urinaria/tratamiento">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vejiga hiperactiva" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355715?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355715?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vejiga hiperactiva: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355721?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vías urinarias y cómo funcionan" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/aparato-urinario-funciona" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son los ejercicios de Kegel?" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-urologicas/ejercicios-kegel" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kegel-exercises">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las verrugas son malformaciones de la piel causadas por infecciones del virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Entérese sobre tipos de verrugas, tratamientos. " title="Verrugas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html" id="2225" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las verrugas son crecimientos del tejido en la piel causados por una infección por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;virus del papiloma humano&lt;/a&gt; o VPH. Los tipos de verrugas incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Verrugas comunes, que suelen aparecer en los dedos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Verrugas plantares, que aparecen en las plantas de los pies &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html"&gt;Verrugas genitales&lt;/a&gt;, una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Verrugas planas, que aparecen en lugares donde se afeita con frecuencia &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En los niños, las verrugas suelen desaparecer en forma espontánea. En los adultos, tienden a permanecer. Si duelen o molestan o si se multiplican, es posible eliminarlas. Los tratamientos químicos de la piel suelen funcionar. En caso contrario, hay varios tratamientos de congelamiento, cirugía y rayos láser que eliminan las verrugas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html" id="459" language="English">Warts</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Crioterapia para la piel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007506.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Primeros auxilios: Verrugas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/warts-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/warts-sheet.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para las verrugas" url="https://healthychildren.org/Spanish/health-issues/conditions/skin/Paginas/Treatment-For-Warts.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verruga plantar" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-wart-(verruca-plantaris)?lang=es-MX" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-wart-(verruca-plantaris)">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/wart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wart.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/verrugas-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/warts/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000885.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/warts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas (para niños)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/warts.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas comunes" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20371125?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20371125?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas plantares" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Verrugas genitales son una enfermedad de transmisión sexual causadas por el virus del papiloma humano. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento, prevención. " title="Verrugas genitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html" id="4323" language="Spanish" date-created="03/03/2006">
<also-called>Condiloma</also-called>
<also-called>Verrugas venéreas</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las verrugas genitales son una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt; (ITS) causadas por el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html"&gt;virus del papiloma humano&lt;/a&gt; (VPH). En general, las verrugas aparecen como un pequeño bulto o grupo de bultos en el área genital. Son de color carne y pueden ser planas o verse desiguales como la coliflor. Algunas verrugas genitales son tan pequeñas que no pueden verse a simple vista. En las mujeres, las verrugas suelen aparecer dentro o alrededor de la vagina, en el cuello uterino o alrededor del ano. En los hombres, las verrugas genitales son menos comunes. Pueden aparecer en la punta del pene, alrededor del ano, en el escroto, muslo o en la ingle.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las verrugas genitales pueden contagiarse durante relaciones sexuales orales, vaginales o anales con una pareja infectada. El uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de adquirir y diseminar el VPH. Si su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral. Las vacunas contra el VPH pueden ayudar a prevenir algunas infecciones por este virus que causan verrugas genitales.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su proveedor de cuidados de salud generalmente diagnostica estas verrugas al examinarlas. Las verrugas pueden desaparecer espontáneamente. Cuando no es así, el médico puede tratarlas o extraerlas. El VPH permanece en el cuerpo aún después del tratamiento, de modo que las verrugas pueden aparecer nuevamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Depto. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malereproductivesystem.html" id="43">Sistema reproductor masculino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html" id="4322" language="English">Genital Warts</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html" id="2281">Virus del papiloma humano</related-topic>
<site title="Acerca de las infecciones genitales por el VPH" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-genitales-por-el-vph.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el VPH y las verrugas genitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000886_96.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000886_41.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones de transmisión sexual durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/infecciones-de-transmision-sexual-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hpv-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hpv-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH): Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_hpv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas anales" url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/las-verrugas-anales" language-mapped-url="https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-warts">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/genital-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20355234?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/genital-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20355234?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-warts" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/genital-warts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000886.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/genital-warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/genital-warts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/verrugas-genitales-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/genital-warts.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales (VPH) (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-warts.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/genital-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355240?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Families of military service members and veterans face some unique challenges such as disruptions in parenting. Learn how families may be affected." title="Veterans and Military Family Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryfamilyhealth.html" id="4883" language="English" date-created="12/03/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Service members and veterans may face some different &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html"&gt;health issues&lt;/a&gt; than civilians. Their families may also face some unique challenges, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Being separated from their loved ones.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Worrying about a loved ones' safety in combat zones.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Coping as a single parent while their partner is deployed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having to move frequently.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Helping their loved one deal with Illnesses and injuries from combat, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disabilities&lt;/a&gt;. This can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html"&gt;caregiver stress&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helping their loved one cope with the mental health effects of military service. These could include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt; (PTSD).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dealing with these challenges can be difficult. Some possible sources of help include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting support from your family and community&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using military outreach programs, which help families feel less isolated&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Professional counseling&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryfamilyhealth.html" id="4884" language="Spanish">Salud de la familia del veterano y personal militar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D066067">Military Family</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014728">Veterans</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D005192">Family Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008889">Military Personnel</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryfamilyhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Military Family" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Military+Family%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Complementary Health Practices for U.S. Military, Veterans, and Families" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/complementary-health-practices-for-us-military-veterans-and-families">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Veterans Affairs" url="https://www.va.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deployment Resources for Families" url="https://www.militaryonesource.mil/deployment/pre-deployment/deployment-resources-for-families/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Defense</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor" url="https://www.tricare.mil/GettingCare/FindDoctor">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Families" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Families-In-The-Military-088.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Familias-en-el-Servicio-Militar-088.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Families: Coming Home" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Coming-Home-Adjustments-For-Military-Families-089.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychological Health Center of Excellence" url="https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Centers-of-Excellence/Psychological-Health-Center-of-Excellence">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Veterans and Military Family Health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28+%22Veterans%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Family+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+OR+%28+%22Military+Personnel%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Family+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+OR+%22Military+Family%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="VA benefits for family and caregivers" url="https://www.va.gov/family-and-caregiver-benefits/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="VA Caregiver Support Program" url="https://www.caregiver.va.gov/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Veterans Health Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Military service members and veterans face life-threatening injuries, mental health problems and problems from exposure to environmental hazards." title="Veterans and Military Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="453" language="English" date-created="08/26/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Military service members and veterans have made sacrifices to our country, and they may face lots of different health issues. Some of the most common health problems they may have include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html"&gt;chronic pain&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html"&gt;sleep disorders&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html"&gt;mental health disorders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;But they may also face some different health risks than civilians. Serving to protect our country is a special job, and along with it comes some special risks and job hazards. These include different types of injuries and health problems from exposures.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What types of injuries do service members face?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During their service, members are at risk for various injuries. These injuries can happen during training or while in combat. Sometimes the injuries are life-threatening or serious enough to cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html"&gt;disability&lt;/a&gt;. Others may not be as serious, but they may be painful and can affect daily life.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Some of the specific types of injuries that service members may face include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;, especially in the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;ankles&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;knees&lt;/a&gt;. These injuries are often caused by exercise and running.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html"&gt;Back&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;shoulder&lt;/a&gt; injuries, often from lifting and carrying.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html"&gt;Tinnitus&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html"&gt;hearing loss&lt;/a&gt;, typically from exposure to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html"&gt;noise&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html"&gt;Head injuries&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html"&gt;traumatic brain injuries&lt;/a&gt; (TBIs).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Shrapnel and gunshot wounds.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html"&gt;Lost limbs&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What other special health problems do service members face?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There may also be a risk of health problems from exposure to environmental hazards, such as contaminated water, chemicals, infections, and burn pits. Sometimes the health problems caused by exposures don't develop until years later.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some service members experience military sexual trauma (MST). This includes &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html"&gt;sexual assault&lt;/a&gt; and sexual harassment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What mental health issues do service members and veterans face?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Being in combat and being separated from your family can be stressful. So can readjusting to civilian life after the military. All of this &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html"&gt;stress&lt;/a&gt; can put service members and veterans at risk for mental health problems, including:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;Depression&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html"&gt;Post-traumatic stress disorder&lt;/a&gt; (PTSD)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;Anxiety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html"&gt;Alcohol&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;drug use&lt;/a&gt; disorders&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is also a risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html"&gt;suicide&lt;/a&gt;. Veterans who are in crisis can get help from the Veteran's Crisis line by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Calling 988 and then pressing 1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Texting to 838255&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help-now/chat/" target="_blank"&gt;Chatting&lt;/a&gt; with them online&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What health care services are available to service members and veterans?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are health care services especially for service members and veterans through:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TRICARE, which is the Department of Defense's health care program. It has insurance plans and other services for uniformed service members, retirees, and their families around the world.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Veterans Health Administration, which is part of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). It provides medical and social support services to eligible veterans.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The VA 's expanded health care and benefits for veterans exposed to burn pits, Agent Orange, and other toxic substances.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To better understand and treat the health needs of veterans in the future, the VA created the Million Veteran Program (MVP). This research program is looking at how genes, lifestyle, military experiences, and exposures affect health and wellness in veterans.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthsystem.html" id="32">Health System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html" id="2220" language="Spanish">Salud del veterano y personal militar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D063906">Prisoners of War</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067453">War Exposure</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D058014">Veterans Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000067398">War-Related Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D008889">Military Personnel</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" id="367">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryfamilyhealth.html" id="4883">Veterans and Military Family Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Agent Orange</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gulf War Syndrome</see-reference>
<see-reference>Military Health</see-reference>
<see-reference>Persian Gulf War</see-reference>
<see-reference>Veterans Health</see-reference>
<site title="Abuse, Trauma, and Mental Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/abuse-trauma-and-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/abuse-trauma-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agent Orange" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/agentorange/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Airborne Hazards and Burn Pit Exposures" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/burnpits/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/burnpits/registry.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Alcohol Use Screening" url="https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/web/myhealthevet/alcohol-use-screening">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Center for Women Veterans" url="https://www.va.gov/womenvet/">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Center for Women Veterans</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Military Personnel" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Military+Personnel%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Persian Gulf Syndrome" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Persian+Gulf+Syndrome%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Veterans" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Veterans%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Veterans Affairs" url="https://www.va.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Depression Screening: Questionnaire" url="https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/web/myhealthevet/depression-screening">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diseases and Conditions" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/diseases-conditions.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="eBenefits: My Gateway to Benefits Information" url="https://www.ebenefits.va.gov/ebenefits/homepage" language-mapped-url="https://www.benefits.gov/es">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Benefits for Veterans, Dependents and Survivors: 2023 PDF" url="https://www.va.gov/opa/publications/benefits_book.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Doctor" url="https://www.tricare.mil/GettingCare/FindDoctor">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health Programs for Veterans" url="https://www.va.gov/health/programs/index.asp">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to File a VA Disability Claim" url="https://www.va.gov/disability/how-to-file-claim/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infectious Diseases -- Diseases Related to Gulf War, Iraq, and Afghanistan Service" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/infectious-diseases/index.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Make the Connection: Videos and Info for Military Veterans" url="https://www.maketheconnection.net/">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medically Unexplained Symptoms" url="https://www.warrelatedillness.va.gov/WARRELATEDILLNESS/education/factsheets/medically-unexplained-symptoms.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mental Health Concerns: Veterans and Active Duty" url="https://www.nami.org/Your-Journey/Veterans-Active-Duty/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>NAMI</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Exposures" url="https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Sexual Trauma" url="https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/msthome/index.asp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Military Sexual Trauma" url="https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/mst_general_factsheet.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/Spanish/MentalHealth/PTSD/EmotionalHealth/142,UG4317_ES_VA">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Million Veteran Program" url="https://www.mvp.va.gov/pwa/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="MyHealtheVet (VA's personal health record)" url="https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/home">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention" url="https://www.prevention.va.gov/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="PACT Act and Your VA benefits" url="https://www.va.gov/resources/the-pact-act-and-your-va-benefits/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Print Out Your VA Welcome Kit" url="https://www.va.gov/welcome-kit/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prosthetic and Sensory Aids Service (PSAS)" url="https://www.prosthetics.va.gov/psas/index.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Psychological Health Center of Excellence" url="https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Centers-of-Excellence/Psychological-Health-Center-of-Excellence">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Veteran's health" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22War+Exposure%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Veterans+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Military+Personnel%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22War-Related+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Prisoners+of+War%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rights and Responsibilities of VA Patients and Residents of Community Living Centers" url="https://www.va.gov/health/rights/patientrights.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Service Dog Veterinary Health Benefit" url="https://www.prosthetics.va.gov/serviceandguidedogs.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sleep" url="https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Mental-Health/Mental-Health-Topics/Sleep">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Defense Health Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Abuse Screening" url="https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/web/myhealthevet/substance-abuse-screening">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Substance Use and Military Life" url="https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/substance-use-military-life" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/publicaciones/drugfacts/el-consumo-de-drogas-y-la-vida-militar">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Drug Abuse</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Suicide Prevention" url="https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/suicide_prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Traumatic Brain Injury: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VA Homeless Programs" url="https://www.va.gov/homeless/for_homeless_veterans.asp">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Veterans Crisis Line" url="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Videos - PTSD: National Center for PTSD" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/appvid/video/index.asp">
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease" url="https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women Veterans Health Care: Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://www.womenshealth.va.gov/faq.asp">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Veterans Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women Veterans Health Care: Military Sexual Trauma" url="https://www.womenshealth.va.gov/WOMENSHEALTH/topics/military-sexual-trauma.asp">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your VA Primary Care Provider and PACT Team" url="https://www.va.gov/health-care/about-va-health-benefits/your-care-team/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Veterans Affairs</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El VIH (virus de inmunodeficiencia humana) ataca al sistema inmunitario del cuerpo. No hay cura, pero puede tratarse con medicamento. Para saber si tiene VIH, necesita una prueba." title="VIH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;VIH significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir un tipo de glóbulo blanco que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Esto lo pone en riesgo de tener otras infecciones y enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el sida?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sida significa síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Es la etapa final de la infección por VIH. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo está muy dañado por el virus. No todas las personas con VIH desarrollan sida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se transmite el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El VIH se propaga a través de ciertos fluidos corporales de una persona con VIH. Esto puede suceder:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al tener relaciones sexuales vaginales o anales sin protección con una persona que tiene el VIH. Sin protección significa no usar condones o medicamentos para tratar o prevenir el VIH. Esta es la forma más común de propagación&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compartiendo agujas para el consumo de drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del contacto con la sangre de una persona que tiene VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;De madre a hijo durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;, parto o lactancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de contraer la infección por el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cualquier persona puede contraer el VIH, pero ciertos grupos tienen un mayor riesgo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que tienen otra &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;infección de transmisión sexual&lt;/a&gt; (ITS. Tener una ITS puede aumentar su riesgo de contraer o transmitir el VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que se inyectan drogas con agujas compartidas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hombres gay o bisexuales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Afrodescendientes e hispanos y latinos: Constituyen una mayor proporción de nuevos diagnósticos de VIH y personas con VIH, en comparación con otras razas y etnias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que tienen conductas sexuales riesgosas, como no usar condón o medicinas para prevenir el VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Factores como el estigma, la discriminación, el ingreso, educación y región geográfica también pueden afectar el riesgo de una persona de VIH.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas del VIH y sida?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los primeros signos de infección por VIH pueden ser síntomas similares a los de la gripe:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Escalofríos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html"&gt;Sarpullido&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sudoración nocturna (transpirar mucho durante la noche)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor muscular&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html"&gt;Dolor de garganta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html"&gt;Fatiga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ganglios linfáticos inflamados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Llagas en la boca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estos síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer en un plazo de 2 a 4 semanas. Esta etapa se llama infección aguda por VIH.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Si la infección no se trata, se convierte en una infección crónica por el VIH. A menudo, no hay síntomas durante esta etapa. Si no se trata, eventualmente el virus debilitará el sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo. Entonces la infección avanzará a sida. Ésta es la última etapa de la infección por VIH. Debido a que su sistema inmunitario está gravemente dañado, su cuerpo no puede combatir otras infecciones, llamadas &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html"&gt;infecciones oportunistas&lt;/a&gt;. Estas son infecciones que ocurren con mayor frecuencia o son más graves en personas que tienen sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Es posible que algunas personas no se sientan enfermas durante las primeras etapas de la infección por el VIH. Entonces, la única forma de saber con certeza si tiene el VIH es hacerse la prueba.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo sé si tengo VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/"&gt;análisis de sangre&lt;/a&gt; puede indicar si tiene una infección por VIH. Su profesional de la salud puede realizar la prueba o puede usar un kit de prueba en el hogar. También puede utilizar el &lt;a href="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es" target="_blank"&gt;localizador de pruebas de los CDC&lt;/a&gt; para encontrar sitios donde realicen la prueba sin costo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el VIH y sida?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si bien no existe cura para la infección por VIH, se puede tratar con &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;, lo que se conoce como terapia antirretroviral. Esta puede volver la infección por VIH en una enfermedad crónica manejable. También reduce el riesgo de transmitir el virus a otras personas.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas con VIH viven una vida larga y saludable si reciben terapia antirretroviral lo antes posible y mantienen el tratamiento. También es importante que se cuide. Contar con el apoyo que necesita, llevar un estilo de vida saludable y recibir atención médica regular puede ayudarle a disfrutar de una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html"&gt;mejor calidad de vida&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se puede prevenir la infección por VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Puede reducir el riesgo de contagiarse o transmitir el VIH al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse la prueba del VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practicar conductas sexuales menos riesgosas. Esto incluye limitar la cantidad de parejas sexuales que tiene y usar condones de látex cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hacerse la prueba y recibir tratamiento para infecciones de transmisión sexual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No inyectarse drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html"&gt;medicamentos para prevenir el VIH&lt;/a&gt;::
		&lt;ul&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;PrEP (profilaxis previa a la exposición) es para personas que aún no tienen el VIH pero que tienen un riesgo muy alto de contraerlo. PrEP es un medicamento diario que puede reducir este riesgo&lt;/li&gt; 
			&lt;li&gt;PEP (profilaxis posterior a la exposición) es para personas que posiblemente han estado expuestas al VIH. Es solo para situaciones de emergencia. La PEP debe iniciarse dentro de las 72 horas posteriores a una posible exposición al VIH&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;		
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1" language="English">HIV</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html" id="4288">Medicinas para el VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kaposisarcoma.html" id="1987">Sarcoma de Kaposi</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html" id="5738">VIH en mujeres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728">VIH y el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html" id="1727">VIH y las infecciones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729">Viviendo con VIH</related-topic>
<see-reference>Inmunodeficiencia adquirida, Síndrome de</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sida</see-reference>
<see-reference>Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida</see-reference>
<see-reference>Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana</see-reference>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cifras del VIH en los EE.UU. 2021" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp-newsroom/es/factsheets/las-cifras-del-vih-en-los-ee-uu-2021.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/">
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<site title="Clinical Info (en español)" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en">
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<site title="Conceptos básicos sobre la prevención de la infección por el VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/conceptos-basicos-sobre-la-prevencion-de-la-infeccion-por-el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/basics-hiv-prevention">
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<site title="Consideraciones sobre los tratamientos para niños y adolescentes" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/tratamientos-adolescentes">
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<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidar su salud mental si tiene VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_508c.pdf">
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<site title="Cómo mantenerse saludable con el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo protegerse de contraer el VIH a través del consumo de drogas" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_DrugUse_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_DrugUse_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo protegerse de contraer VIH a través de relaciones sexuales" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Sex_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Sex_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Detección y diagnóstico del VIH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003538.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003538.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detengamos juntos el VIH" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/spanish/index.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos clínicos sobre la infección por el VIH/SIDA" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/ensayos-clinicos-sobre-la-infeccion-por-el-vihsida" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-clinical-trials">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exposición ocupacional al VIH: Consejos para trabajadores de la salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/medidas-de-seguridad-de-trabajadores-medicos-frente-al-vih/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/occupational-exposure-to-hiv-advice-for-health-care-workers/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de la Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
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<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección por el VIH y la hepatitis B" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-hepatitis-b" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatitis-b">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección por el VIH y la hepatitis C" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-hepatitis-c" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-hepatitis-c">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección por VIH asintomática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000682.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000682.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para el VIH: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtenga información sobre el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_WhatIsHIV_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_WhatIsHIV_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtenga información sobre la atención médica para el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_508c_0.pdf">
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<site title="Obtenga información sobre las pruebas de detección del VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_GetTested_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_GetTested_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Obtenga información útil sobre los medicamentos contra el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Medicines_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_Medicines_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Patógenos de transmisión hemática" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000453.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de detección de células B y T" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003329.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003329.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
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<site title="Prueba de VIH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del VIH" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/spanish/hiv-testing/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/">
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<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
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</site>
<site title="Qué hacer después de enterarse que tiene el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
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<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recuento de linfocitos CD4" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/recuento-de-linfocitos-cd4/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cd4-lymphocyte-count/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
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<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas del VIH" url="https://www.hiv.gov/es/informacion-basica/descripcion-general/acerca-del-vih-y-sida/sintomas-del-vih/" language-mapped-url="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH en mujeres: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsinwomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivinwomen.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/infecciones/infeccion-con-vih-sida.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y el SIDA: Conceptos básicos" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/vih-y-el-sida-conceptos-basicos" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y el uso de sustancias" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-uso-de-sustancias" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-substance-use">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y la tuberculosis (TB)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-la-tuberculosis-tb" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-tuberculosis-tb">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las drogadicción" url="https://nida.nih.gov/es/areas-de-investigacion/el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las personas mayores" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-older-people">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y los hombres gay y bisexuales" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-los-hombres-gay-y-bisexuales" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-gay-and-bisexual-men">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y SIDA" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/std-hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-hiv.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH, el SIDA y las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vih-sida/vih-sida-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH/sida" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000594.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH: PrEP y PEP: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viviendo con VIH: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhivaids.html">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes del VIH?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/sintomas">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afecta el VIH a niños y adolescentes?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/adolescentes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo contrae alguien el SIDA?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/aids.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/aids.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo diagnostican el VIH los proveedores de atención médica?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/diagnostica">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se puede prevenir el VIH?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/prevenir">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se transmite el VIH?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/contagia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Podrían ser los primeros síntomas de una infección por VIH?" url="https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/9586.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el VIH y qué es el SIDA?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una vacuna preventiva contra el VIH?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-una-vacuna-preventiva-contra-el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-preventive-hiv-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una vacuna terapéutica contra el VIH?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-una-vacuna-terapeutica-contra-el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-therapeutic-hiv-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué factores aumentan la probabilidad de contraer el VIH?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/factores">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las infecciones por el VIH y el sida?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/hiv.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/hiv.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las mujeres con VIH tienen un riesgo más alto de desarrollar ciertas infecciones, cánceres y enfermedades. No hay cura, pero existen tratamientos y medicamentos para prevenir el VIH." title="VIH en mujeres" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html" id="5738" language="Spanish" date-created="01/05/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir un tipo de glóbulo blanco que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir infecciones. Esto aumenta su riesgo de contraer otras infecciones y enfermedades.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se transmite el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El VIH se puede propagar de diferentes formas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través de relaciones sexuales sin protección con una persona que tiene VIH. Sin protección significa que no usa condón o medicina para tratar o prevenir el VIH. Ésta es la forma más común de transmisión
  &lt;ul&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;El sexo anal es el tipo más riesgoso de relación sexual para contraer y propagar el VIH. El tejido del recto es delgado y puede permitir el ingreso del VIH al cuerpo durante el sexo anal&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Durante el sexo vaginal, el VIH puede ingresar al cuerpo a través del delicado tejido que recubre la vagina y el cuello uterino&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del sexo oral con una persona que tiene VIH, aunque es menos común&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al compartir agujas por consumo de drogas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A través del contacto con la sangre de una persona con VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;De madre a bebé durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt;, el parto o la lactancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo el VIH afecta a mujeres de manera diferente que a los hombres?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cerca de una de cada 4 personas en los Estados Unidos con VIH son mujeres. Las mujeres que tienen VIH o sida tienen algunos problemas diferentes que los hombres:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Complicaciones como 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;Infecciones vaginales&lt;/a&gt; por cándida frecuentes&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html"&gt;Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica&lt;/a&gt; severa&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mayor riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cáncer de cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Problemas del ciclo &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html"&gt;menstrual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mayor riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mayor riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html"&gt;enfermedades del corazón&lt;/a&gt;, en especial &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html"&gt;ataques cardiacos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Entrar en la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html"&gt;menopausia&lt;/a&gt; más joven o tener sofocos más intensos&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Efectos secundarios diferentes, en ocasiones más graves, de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos que tratan el VIH&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Interacciones de medicamentos entre algunas medicinas para el VIH y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;anticonceptivos&lt;/a&gt; hormonales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El riesgo de transmitir el VIH a su bebé durante el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;embarazo&lt;/a&gt; o el parto&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Existen tratamientos para el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe cura, pero hay muchos medicamentos para combatir tanto la infección por VIH como las infecciones y cánceres que la acompañan. Las personas que reciben tratamiento temprano pueden tener &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html"&gt;vidas más largas y saludables&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivinwomen.html" id="5737" language="English">HIV in Women</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html" id="4288">Medicinas para el VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728">VIH y el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729">Viviendo con VIH</related-topic>
<see-reference>Mujeres, VIH y el sida</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Info (en español)" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Detección de VIH" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-and-aids-basics/hiv-testing" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-and-aids-basics/hiv-testing">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la osteoporosis" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de la Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección por VIH y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-vih" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hiv-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujeres y el VIH" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/las-mujeres-y-el-vih-women-and-hiv" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/women-and-hiv-get-facts-hiv-testing-prevention-and-treatment">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la transmisión perinatal del VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/prevencion-de-la-transmision-perinatal-del-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/preventing-perinatal-transmission-hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del VIH" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-prevention" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-prevention">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH / SIDA" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/women-and-hiv">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las mujeres (basado en el sexo asignado al nacer)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-mujeres-basado-en-el-sexo-asignado-al-nacer" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-women-based-assigned-sex-birth">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH, sida y el embarazo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsandpregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsandpregnancy.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo afecta el VIH a las mujeres?" url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/hiv/informacion/mujeres">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Existen varios tratamientos que pueden prevenir que el VIH pase de una madre infectada  a su bebé. Entérese aquí sobre el VIH, el sida y el embarazo." title="VIH y el embarazo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Si está embarazada o planea quedar embarazada, es importante &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/"&gt;hacerse la prueba del VIH&lt;/a&gt; lo antes posible. Si descubre que tiene &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;, puede comenzar el tratamiento de inmediato para proteger su salud y la de su bebé.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Si tengo VIH, ¿puedo transmitirlo a mi bebé durante el embarazo?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está embarazada y tiene VIH y/o sida, existe el riesgo de transmitir el VIH a su bebé. Puede suceder de tres formas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Durante el embarazo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Durante el parto, especialmente si es parto vaginal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Durante la lactancia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pero tener VIH no significa que no pueda tener hijos. El tratamiento con una combinación de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos contra el VIH&lt;/a&gt; puede ayudar a prevenir la transmisión del VIH a su bebé y proteger su propia salud.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Si tengo VIH, ¿cómo puedo evitar transmitírselo a mi bebé?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la transmisión del VIH a su bebé:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos contra el VIH&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Los medicamentos contra el VIH reducen la cantidad de VIH en el cuerpo (carga viral) a un nivel muy bajo. El objetivo es hacer que su carga viral sea tan baja que una prueba de laboratorio normal no pueda detectarla. A esto se le llama tener una "carga viral indetectable". Tener una carga viral indetectable es lo mejor que puede hacer para mantenerse saludable y evitar que su bebé contraiga el VIH&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

La mayoría de los medicamentos contra el VIH son seguros de usar durante el embarazo. En general, no aumentan el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html"&gt;defectos congénitos&lt;/a&gt;. Pero es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre los riesgos y beneficios de los diferentes medicamentos. Juntos pueden decidir qué medicamentos son adecuados para usted. Por ello, debe asegurarse de tomar sus medicamentos con regularidad.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html"&gt;Tener una cesárea&lt;/a&gt;, si es necesario:&lt;/strong&gt; Si su carga viral no baja lo suficiente por las medicinas, tener una cesárea puede prevenir la transmisión del VIH a su bebé&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Darle medicinas para el VIH a su bebé:&lt;/strong&gt; Su bebé recibirá medicamentos contra el VIH lo antes posible después del nacimiento. Los medicamentos protegen a su bebé de la infección de cualquier VIH que usted haya transmitido durante el parto. El medicamento que recibe su bebé depende de varios factores, incluyendo su carga viral justo antes de dar a luz. Su bebé necesitará tomar medicamentos durante 4 a 6 semanas y hacerse varias pruebas de VIH durante los primeros meses&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No dar pecho:&lt;/strong&gt; La leche materna puede contener el VIH. En los Estados Unidos, la fórmula infantil es segura y está fácilmente disponible. Por ello, los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de EE. UU. y la Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría recomiendan que si tiene VIH, debe alimentar a su bebé con fórmula en lugar de amamantar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 
&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué pasa si quiero quedar embarazada y mi pareja tiene VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si está tratando de quedar embarazada, es importante que su pareja también se haga la prueba del VIH.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si su pareja tiene VIH y usted no, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la posibilidad de tomar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html"&gt;PrEP&lt;/a&gt;. PrEP significa profilaxis previa a la exposición y son medicamentos para prevenir el VIH. La PrEP ayuda a protegerlos a usted y a su bebé del VIH.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandreproduction.html" id="20">Embarazo y reproducción</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1470" language="English">HIV and Pregnancy</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html" id="4288">Medicinas para el VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html" id="5738">VIH en mujeres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html" id="1727">VIH y las infecciones</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729">Viviendo con VIH</related-topic>
<see-reference>Embarazo y VIH y el sida</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sida y embarazo</see-reference>
<site title="Clinical Info (en español)" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Embarazo y VIH" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/living-hiv/pregnancy-and-hiv">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de la Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicamentos contra el VIH durante el embarazo y parto" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/medicamentos-contra-el-vih-durante-el-embarazo-y-parto" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-medicines-during-pregnancy-and-childbirth">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la transmisión perinatal del VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/prevencion-de-la-transmision-perinatal-del-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/preventing-perinatal-transmission-hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención de la transmisión perinatal del VIH después del parto" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/prevencion-de-la-transmision-perinatal-del-vih-despues-del-parto" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/preventing-perinatal-transmission-hiv-after-birth">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vih.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH/sida en las mujeres embarazadas y en los bebés" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007689.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007689.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El VIH y el sida pueden hacer que cualquier infección sea más difícil de tratar. Es posible ayudar a prevenir las infecciones tomando medicinas para el VIH y el sida" title="VIH y las infecciones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html" id="1727" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Infecciones en las personas con VIH y sida</also-called>
<also-called>Infección oportunística asociada con el sida</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El VIH/sida daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir los glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones. Esto lo pone en riesgo de sufrir infecciones oportunistas. Estas son infecciones serias que se aprovechan de su sistema inmunitario débil. Estas infecciones son menos comunes y menos severas en personas sanas. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Existen muchos tipos de infecciones oportunistas:&lt;/p&gt;

 &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones bacterianas, incluyendo la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html"&gt;tuberculosis&lt;/a&gt; y el complejo MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones virales, como el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cytomegalovirusinfections.html"&gt;citomegalovirus&lt;/a&gt; y la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html"&gt;hepatitis C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Infecciones por hongos, como infecciones por levaduras (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html"&gt;candidiasis&lt;/a&gt;), meningitis criptocóccica,  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html"&gt;neumonía por pneumocystis carinii&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html"&gt;histoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infecciones parasitarias, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html"&gt;criptosporidiosis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html"&gt;toxoplasmosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 



&lt;p&gt;Tener VIH y sida puede hacer que las infecciones sean más difíciles de tratar. Las personas con VIH y el sida también tienen más posibilidades de sufrir complicaciones de enfermedades comunes, como la gripe. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
Usted puede prevenir las infecciones tomando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsmedicines.html"&gt;medicinas para el VIH y sida&lt;/a&gt;. Otras cosas que pueden ayudar incluyen practicar sexo seguro, lavarse bien y con frecuencia las manos y comer alimentos bien cocidos. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html" id="1503" language="English">HIV and Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="2236">Criptosporidiosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html" id="1950">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html" id="5864">Herpes genital</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html" id="1954">Herpes simple</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html" id="5633">Histoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html" id="1914">Infecciones por hongos</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html" id="2093">Infecciones por Pneumocystis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html" id="4288">Medicinas para el VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html" id="2202">Toxoplasmosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html" id="2206">Tuberculosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729">Viviendo con VIH</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sida y las infecciones</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Citomegalovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/cytomegalovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cytomegalovirus.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Info (en español)" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Criptococosis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001328.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001328.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse saludable con el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fases de la infección por el VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/las-fases-de-la-infeccion-por-el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/stages-hiv-infection">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fiebre del valle" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/valley-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378761?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de la Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infecciones por Pneumocystis: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/leucoencefalopatia-multifocal-progresiva" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000674.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para el VIH: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Neumonía por Pneumocystis jiroveci" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000671.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000671.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sida y VIH: complicaciones neurológicas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sida-y-vih-complicaciones-neurologicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neurological-complications-hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y el COVID-19" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-covid-19">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las enfermedades reumáticas" url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/el-vih-y-las-enfermedades-reumaticas" language-mapped-url="https://rheumatology.org/patients/hiv-and-rheumatic-disease">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las inmunizaciones" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-inmunizaciones" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-immunizations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH/sida y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/vih-sida-y-la-salud-oral" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hiv-aids">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es un reservorio de VIH latente?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-un-reservorio-de-vih-latente" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-latent-hiv-reservoir">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una infección oportunista?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/que-es-una-infeccion-oportunista" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/what-opportunistic-infection">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="PrEP y PEP son medicamentos para prevenir el VIH. Cada tipo se usa en una situación diferente." title="VIH: PrEP y PEP" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html" id="7348" language="Spanish" date-created="12/04/2019">
<also-called>Profilaxis preexposición y profilaxis post-exposición</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la PrEP y PEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PrEP y PEP son &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos&lt;/a&gt; para prevenir el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt;. Cada tipo se usa en una situación diferente:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PrEP&lt;/strong&gt; significa profilaxis previa a la exposición. Es para personas que aún no tienen VIH, pero están en un mayor riesgo de contraerlo. Puede ser una pastilla que se toma diariamente o una inyección que se aplica cada dos meses. Si se expone al VIH, PrEP puede evitar que el VIH se propague por el cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PEP&lt;/strong&gt; significa profilaxis post-exposición. La PEP es para personas que posiblemente hayan estado expuestas al VIH. Es solo para situaciones de emergencia. La PEP debe iniciarse dentro de las 72 horas posteriores a la posible exposición al VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;PrEP (profilaxis previa a la exposición)&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién debería considerar tomar PrEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La PrEP puede ayudar a protegerlo si no tiene VIH y cualquiera de las siguientes situaciones se aplica a usted:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tuvo relaciones sexuales anales o vaginales&lt;/strong&gt; en los últimos 6 meses y:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Tiene una pareja sexual con VIH&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;No usó consistentemente condón, &lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha sido diagnosticado con una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) en los últimos 6 meses&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Se inyectó drogas&lt;/strong&gt; y:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Compartió materiales para inyectarse drogas, &lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su compañero con el que se inyecta drogas tiene VIH&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le han recetado PEP&lt;/strong&gt;  y
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Continúa teniendo conductas de alto riesgo, &lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ha usado múltiples ciclos de PEP&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si tiene una pareja VIH positiva y está considerando quedar embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la PrEP. Tomarla puede ayudar a protegerse usted y el bebé de contraer la infección mientras intenta quedar embarazada, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html"&gt;durante el embarazo&lt;/a&gt; o durante la lactancia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué tan bien funciona la PrEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La PrEP es muy efectiva cuando se toma consistentemente. Reduce el riesgo de contraer el VIH por vía sexual en cerca de un 99 %. En las personas que se inyectan drogas, reduce el riesgo de VIH en al menos un 74 %. La PrEP es mucho menos efectiva si no la toma de manera consistente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La PrEP no protege contra otras ITS, por lo que siempre debe usar condones cada vez que tiene sexo. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debe hacerse una prueba de VIH cada 3 meses mientras toma PrEP, por lo que debe tener visitas de seguimiento periódicas con su profesional de la salud. Si tiene problemas para tomar PrEP, hable con su proveedor de atención médica.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿La PrEP causa efectos secundarios?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas que toman PrEP pueden tener efectos secundarios, como náuseas. En general, los efectos secundarios no son serios y desaparecen con el tiempo. Si está tomando PrEP dígale a su profesional de la salud si tiene un efecto secundario que le causa problemas o no desaparece.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;PEP (profilaxis post-exposición)&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién debería considerar tomar PEP?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si es VIH negativo y cree que puede haber estado expuesto recientemente al VIH, comuníquese con su profesional de la salud de inmediato o acuda a una sala de emergencia a la brevedad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es posible que le receten PEP si es VIH negativo o no conoce su estado de VIH, y en las últimas 72 horas usted puede haber estado expuesto al VIH:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teniendo relaciones sexuales, por ejemplo si se rompió el condón con alguien que puede tener VIH&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al compartir agujas o equipos para preparación de drogas &lt;strong&gt;ó&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Al sufrir una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html"&gt;agresión sexual&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Su profesional de la salud o médico de la sala de emergencia ayudará a determinar si PEP es adecuado para usted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La PEP también se puede administrar a un trabajador de la salud después de una posible exposición al VIH en el trabajo, por ejemplo, por una lesión por pinchazo de aguja.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuándo debo comenzar la PEP y cuánto tiempo debo tomarla?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La PEP debe iniciarse dentro de las 72 horas (3 días) después de una posible exposición al VIH. Cuanto antes empiece, mejor. Cada hora cuenta.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Debe tomar los medicamentos PEP todos los días durante 28 días. Deberá ver a su profesional de la salud en determinadas ocasiones durante y después de tomar PEP, para que pueda hacerse una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/"&gt;prueba de VIH&lt;/a&gt; y otros exámenes.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿La PEP causa efectos secundarios?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas que toman PEP pueden tener efectos secundarios, como náuseas. En general, los efectos secundarios no son serios y desaparecen con el tiempo. Si está tomando PEP, dígale a su profesional de la salud si tiene un efecto secundario que le moleste o que no desaparece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los medicamentos PEP también pueden interactuar con otros medicamentos (lo que se denomina &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;interacción farmacológica&lt;/a&gt;). Por ello, es importante decirle a su profesional de la salud si está tomando otras medicinas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Puedo tomar PEP cada vez que tengo relaciones sexuales sin protección?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PEP es solo para situaciones de emergencia. No es la opción correcta para personas que pueden estar expuestas al VIH con frecuencia, por ejemplo, si a menudo tiene relaciones sexuales con una pareja que es VIH positiva. La PrEP sería adecuada en este caso.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugtherapy.html" id="36">Tratamiento con medicamentos</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html" id="7347" language="English">HIV: PrEP and PEP</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Glosario de la Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/glossary">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="PrEP frente a PEP" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/prep-frente-pep" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/prep-vs-pep">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Profilaxis de prexposición (PrEP)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/spanish/hiv-prevention/prep.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Profilaxis posexposición (PEP)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/profilaxis-posexposicion-pep" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Profilaxis preexposición (PrEP)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/profilaxis-preexposicion-prep" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¡Hablemos de PrEP!" url="https://www.greaterthan.org/campaigns/lets-talk-about-prep-es/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Más que SIDA</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la PEP?" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_PEP_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_PEP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la PrEP?" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_WhatIsPreP_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_WhatIsPreP_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La violencia doméstica es un tipo de abuso. Por lo general, implica un cónyuge o pareja, pero también puede ser a un niño, adulto mayor u otro familiar." title="Violencia en la pareja" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="1865" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Abuso conyugal</also-called>
<also-called>Violencia de género</also-called>
<also-called>Violencia doméstica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es la violencia en la pareja?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La violencia en la pareja es el abuso que ocurre en una relación romántica. La pareja puede ser un cónyuge actual o anterior, un novio o enamorado. La violencia en la pareja también se conoce como violencia doméstica o violencia de pareja íntima.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La violencia en la pareja puede incluir diferentes tipos de abuso, como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Violencia física:&lt;/strong&gt; Ocurre cuando una persona lastima o intenta lastimar a su pareja mediante golpes, patadas u otro tipo de fuerza física&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html"&gt;Violencia sexual:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Implica obligar o intentar obligar a una pareja a participar en una actividad sexual cuando la pareja no entrega o no puede dar su consentimiento. La actividad sexual puede incluir actos sexuales, contacto sexual o eventos sexuales no físicos (como mensajes con connotación sexual, o sexting).&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abuso emocional:&lt;/strong&gt; Incluye amenazas, insultos, menosprecio y humillación. También puede implicar un comportamiento controlador, como decirle a una pareja cómo actuar o vestirse o no dejar que vea a familiares o amigos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abuso económico:&lt;/strong&gt; También llamado abuso financiero, consiste en controlar el acceso al dinero&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acoso:&lt;/strong&gt; Es un contacto repetido e indeseado que causa temor o preocupación por la seguridad de la pareja. Esto puede incluir observar o seguir a la víctima. El acosador puede hacer llamadas telefónicas o enviar mensajes de texto repetidos y no deseados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién se ve afectado por la violencia en la pareja?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Es difícil saber exactamente qué tan común es la violencia en la pareja porque a menudo no se reporta.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Pero sí se sabe que cualquiera puede verse afectado. La violencia en la pareja le puede pasar a cualquiera. Afecta a personas de todos los niveles de ingresos y educación.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los signos de que alguien está experimentando violencia en la pareja?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si cree que un ser querido puede estar experimentando violencia en la pareja, esté atento a estos signos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su amigo o ser querido:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Tiene cortes o moretones inexplicables?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Evita amigos, familiares y actividades favoritas?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Pone excusas por el comportamiento de su pareja?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Se ve incómodo o temeroso con su pareja?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La pareja o novio de un ser querido:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Le grita o se burla de él o ella?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Trata de controlarlo o controlarla tomando todas las decisiones?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Lo o la vigila en el trabajo o la escuela?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Lo o la obliga a hacer cosas sexuales que no quiere hacer?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;¿Lo o la amenaza con lastimarse a sí mismo si la pareja quiere terminar la relación?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué puedo hacer si estoy experimentando violencia en la pareja?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Su seguridad es lo más importante. &lt;strong&gt;Si está en peligro inmediato, llame al 911.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si no está en peligro inmediato, puede:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Obtenga atención médica&lt;/strong&gt; si ha sido lesionado o agredido sexualmente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Llame a una línea de ayuda&lt;/strong&gt; para obtener ayuda gratuita y anónima: Puede comunicarse con la Línea Directa Nacional de Violencia Doméstica al 800-799-SAFE (7233) o al 800-787-3224 (TTY). También puede chatear a través de su &lt;a href="https://espanol.thehotline.org/" target="_blank"&gt;sitio web&lt;/a&gt; o por mensaje de texto enviando START al 88788&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Averigüe dónde obtener ayuda en su comunidad:&lt;/strong&gt; Comuníquese con organizaciones locales que puedan ayudarle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prepare un plan de seguridad para escapar:&lt;/strong&gt; En general, la violencia en la pareja no mejora. Piense en un lugar seguro al que pueda ir y en todas las cosas que necesitará cuando se vaya&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Guarde la evidencia:&lt;/strong&gt; Mantenga evidencia de abuso, como fotografías de sus lesiones o correos electrónicos, mensajes de texto amenazantes. Asegúrese de que esté en un lugar seguro que el abusador no pueda encontrar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hable con alguien de confianza&lt;/strong&gt;, como un familiar, amigo, compañero de trabajo o un líder espiritual&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Considere obtener una orden de restricción&lt;/strong&gt; para protegerse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo ayudar a alguien que está experimentando violencia en la pareja?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hágale saber a su ser querido que no es saludable ser tratado de esa manera y que no tiene la culpa. Debe:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Llamar al 911 si hay peligro inmediato&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esté atento a las señales de abuso:&lt;/strong&gt; Conozca las señales y haga un seguimiento de lo que observa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infórmese sobre recursos de ayuda local:&lt;/strong&gt; Obtenga las direcciones y números de teléfono de algunos recursos locales en su comunidad. Luego podrá compartir la información si la víctima está lista para ello&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Busque un momento para hablar:&lt;/strong&gt; Asegúrese que la conversación sea en un lugar seguro y privado. La pareja de su ser querido puede tener acceso a su teléfono celular o computadora, por lo que tenga cuidado al compartir información por mensaje de texto o correo electrónico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sea específico acerca de la razón de su preocupación:&lt;/strong&gt; Describa la conducta que le preocupa. Sea lo más específico posible cuando explique por qué está preocupado&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Planificar para la seguridad:&lt;/strong&gt; Si su ser querido está listo para dejar a una pareja abusiva, colabore en hacer un plan para salir de la relación de la manera más segura posible. Un consejero de violencia en la pareja puede ayudar a hacer un plan de seguridad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sea paciente y no juzgue:&lt;/strong&gt; Debe hablar sobre sus preocupaciones con su ser querido, pero comprenda que es posible que no esté listo o lista para hablar sobre ello. Hágale saber que está disponible para hablar en cualquier momento y que lo o la escuchará sin juzgar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/women.html" id="4">Mujeres</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Lesiones y heridas</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="514" language="English">Intimate Partner Violence</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elderabuse.html" id="1882">Abuso de las personas mayores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html" id="3782">Abuso sexual de menores</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html" id="2118">Agresión sexual</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html" id="1808">Maltrato al menor</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenviolence.html" id="2187">Violencia en los adolescentes</related-topic>
<see-reference>Abuso conyugal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Género, Violencia</see-reference>
<site title="Abuso de mujeres con discapacidad" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/disabilities/mujeres-discapacidades?partner=nlm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acecho" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/other-types/stalking">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Acoso sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/harassment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/harassment.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Maltrato: Lo que debes saber" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/abuse.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/family-abuse.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes después de un trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recursos por estado sobre la violencia contra la mujer" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Relaciones tóxicas: Cuando la persona que amas es abusiva" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/relaciones-toxicas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/12/harmful-partnerships">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Relaciones y seguridad" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respeta y hazte respetar: Una relación sana" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/expect-respect-healthy-relationships.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Expect-Respect-Healthy-Relationships.aspx">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Salir de una relación abusiva" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/domestic-violence/leaving-abusive-relationship" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/domestic-violence/leaving-abusive-relationship">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia contra la mujer" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia doméstica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/violencia-domestica-protegiendose-a-si-misma-y-a-sus-hijos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/domestic-violence-protecting-yourself-and-your-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia doméstica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000816.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia doméstica contra las mujeres: Reconoce los patrones, busca ayuda" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence/art-20048397?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence/art-20048397?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia doméstica contra los hombres: Conoce las señales" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence-against-men/art-20045149?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/domestic-violence-against-men/art-20045149?p=1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia doméstica: Conozca sus derechos" url="https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_education/resources/law_issues_for_consumers/sp_domviol.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio de Abogados de EEUU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia en citas de adolescentes y drogas" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/familia/violencia-en-citas-de-adolescentes-y-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/family/teen-dating-violence-and-drug-use">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Control de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia y abuso de pareja" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/other-types/dating-violence-and-abuse" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/other-types/dating-violence-and-abuse">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Su hijo/a adolescente está en una relación abusiva?" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/su-hija-adolescente-esta-en-una-relacion-abusiva/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/teen-abusive-relationship/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La violencia en los adolescentes puede incluir intimidación, peleas e incluso uso de armas. A veces puede causar más daño emocional que físico. Más aquí." title="Violencia en los adolescentes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenviolence.html" id="2187" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La violencia en los adolescentes se refiere a acciones dañinas que comienzan temprano y continúan hasta que la persona es un adulto joven. El o la joven puede ser la víctima, el agresor o el testigo de un acto de violencia. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los actos violentos pueden ser:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html"&gt;Intimidación&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Peleas, incluyendo puñetazos, patadas, bofetadas o golpes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Uso de armas, como pistolas o cuchillos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunos actos violentos pueden causar más daño emocional que físico. Otros pueden causar lesiones graves o incluso la muerte. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Un importante factor de riesgo para la violencia en los adolescentes es el comportamiento de sus amigos y compañeros de clase. Usted debería de saber con quién se relacionan sus hijos y fomentar un comportamiento y amistades saludables.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/socialfamilyissues.html" id="30">Asuntos sociales y familiares</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/teenviolence.html" id="1358" language="English">Teen Violence</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html" id="4027">Intimidación y ciberacoso</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenhealth.html" id="2241">Salud de los adolescentes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html" id="1809">Trastornos de la conducta del niño</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html" id="1865">Violencia en la pareja</related-topic>
<site title="Acoso sexual" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/harassment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/harassment.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Amenazas de los niños ¿Cuándo hay que tomarlas en serio?" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Las-Amenazas-de-los-Ni%C3%B1os-Cuando-Hay-Que-Tomarlas-en-Serio-065.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Childrens-Threats-When-Are-They-Serious-065.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Comprendiendo el comportamiento violento de niños y adolescentes" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Comprendiendo-el-Comportamiento-Violento-de-Ninos-y-Adolescentes-055.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Understanding-Violent-Behavior-In-Children-and-Adolescents-055.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo ayudar a los niños y adolescentes a superar los acontecimientos catastróficos y otras experiencias traumáticas" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/como-ayudar-los-ninos" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/helping-children-and-adolescents-cope-with-disasters-and-other-traumatic-events">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información en español sobre la salud mental" url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Niños y la violencia en la televisión" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Ninos-y-la-Violencia-en-la-Television-013.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-TV-Violence-013.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niños y las armas de fuego" url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Spanish/Los-Niños-y-las-Armas-de-Fuego-037.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Guns-Firearms-037.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente</organization>
</site>
<site title="Reacciones comunes después de un trauma" url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/spanish/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions_sp.asp" language-mapped-url="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/isitptsd/common_reactions.asp">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centro Nacional para el TEPT</organization>
</site>
<site title="Respeta y hazte respetar: Una relación sana" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/paginas/expect-respect-healthy-relationships.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/dating-sex/pages/Expect-Respect-Healthy-Relationships.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Señales de advertencia" url="https://www.apa.org/topics/trauma/advertencia?partner=nlm" language-mapped-url="https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/warning-signs">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia en citas de adolescentes y drogas" url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/es/familia/violencia-en-citas-de-adolescentes-y-drogas" language-mapped-url="https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/family/teen-dating-violence-and-drug-use">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Control de Drogas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Violencia escolar: Qué pueden hacer los estudiantes" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/school-violence.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/school-violence.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Estoy en una relación sana?" url="https://kidshealth.org/KidsHealthDemo/es/teens/healthy-relationship.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/healthy-relationship.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Viruses cause familiar infections such as the common cold, but they also cause severe illnesses. Learn more about viral infections and their symptoms." title="Viral Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html" id="454" language="English" date-created="10/01/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are viruses?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/dna/"&gt;DNA&lt;/a&gt;  or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html"&gt;common cold&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html"&gt;flu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;How are viruses spread?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Viruses can be spread in different ways:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;From the pregnant parent to the baby &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html"&gt;during pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html"&gt;contaminated food or water&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;By being bitten by an infected &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html"&gt;insect&lt;/a&gt; or animal.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Through &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexual contact&lt;/a&gt; (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
 

&lt;h3&gt;How do viruses cause disease?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells. They then use those cells to multiply (make copies of themselves). This process is also called replication. The process can kill, damage, or change the infected cells. Sometimes this can make you sick. The symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Other times, your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt; may be able to fight it off and you may not have any symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html"&gt;hepatitis&lt;/a&gt; viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell. &lt;/p&gt; 


&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for viral infections?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For most viral infections, treatments can only help with symptoms while you wait for your immune system to fight off the virus. There are antiviral medicines to treat some viral infections. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; do not work for viral infections.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can viral infections be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;Vaccines&lt;/a&gt; can help prevent you from getting many viral diseases. You may be able to prevent some viral infections by:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proper &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;hand washing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paying attention to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html"&gt;food safety&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Cleaning surfaces&lt;/a&gt; that may be infected with germs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding contact with wild animals.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preventing insect bites by using insect repellent when you go outdoors. If you travel to an area that has a high risk of diseases from insect bites, also wear long pants, shirts, and socks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystem.html" id="22">Immune System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221" language="Spanish">Infecciones virales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014777">Virus Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/acuteflaccidmyelitis.html" id="7207">Acute Flaccid Myelitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html" id="182">Chickenpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/chikungunya.html" id="6345">Chikungunya</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html" id="196">Common Cold</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" id="3181">COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html" id="6292">Croup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cytomegalovirusinfections.html" id="3980">Cytomegalovirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html" id="3104">Dengue</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html" id="6202">Ebola</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fifthdisease.html" id="1609">Fifth Disease</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html" id="299">Flu</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hantavirusinfections.html" id="3217">Hantavirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html" id="1652">Hemorrhagic Fevers</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html" id="1686">Hepatitis A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html" id="1687">Hepatitis B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html" id="1286">Hepatitis C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html" id="286">Herpes Simplex</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html" id="1">HIV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html" id="1715">HPV</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html" id="298">Infectious Mononucleosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/measles.html" id="318">Measles</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html" id="3229">Mpox</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html" id="334">Mumps</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html" id="6103">Norovirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html" id="365">Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html" id="523">Rabies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3101">Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html" id="3215">Rotavirus Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html" id="387">Rubella</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html" id="90">Shingles</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html" id="294">Vaccines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html" id="459">Warts</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html" id="1377">West Nile Virus</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html" id="6342">Zika Virus</related-topic>
<see-reference>Adenovirus Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Coxsackievirus Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Enterovirus</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infections, Viral</see-reference>
<see-reference>Roseola</see-reference>
<site title="About Adenovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Enterovirus D68" url="https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/about-enterovirus-d68.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/ev-d68-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease" url="https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/es/about/acerca-de-la-enfermedad-de-manos-pies-y-boca.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/parainfluenza/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Adenovirus" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/adenovirus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacterial vs. Viral Infections: How Do They Differ?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/FAQ-20058098?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/infectious-disease/faq-20058098?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Clearing the Air: All About Airborne Viruses" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/12/clearing-air" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/aclarando-el-aire">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Adenoviridae Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Adenoviridae+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Coxsackievirus Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Coxsackievirus+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Enterovirus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Enterovirus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hand,+Foot+and+Mouth+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Virus Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Virus+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Coxsackievirus Infections (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coxsackie.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/coxsackie.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="ECHO virus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001340.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001340.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ELISA blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003332.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003332.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterovirus D68" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000782.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enterovirus Infections (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/enteroviruses.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/enteroviruses.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genomics and Virology" url="https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Genomics-and-Virology">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Germs and Hygiene: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/hand-foot--and-mouth-disease?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand-foot-mouth disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000965.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000965.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Herpangina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000969.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000969.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How a Virus Infects the Body" url="https://www.nationaljewish.org/NJH/media/pdf/How-a-Virus-Infects-the-Body-Infographic.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Jewish Health</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infographic</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM)/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/htlv-1-associated-myelopathy-hamtropical-spastic-paraparesis-tsp">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)" url="https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/human-metapneumovirus-hmpv">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Lung Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Immunoglobulins Blood Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-de-inmunoglobulinas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infection Control Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infection Control: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lymph node culture" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003737.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.cdc.gov/molluscum-contagiosum/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/molluscum-contagiosum?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum contagiosum" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000826.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000826.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Foundation for Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.nfid.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Foundation for Infectious Diseases</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Non-Polio Enterovirus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Overview of Viral Infections" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/overview-of-viral-infections/overview-of-viral-infections" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/infecciones/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-infecciones-virales/introducci%c3%b3n-a-las-infecciones-virales">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parainfluenza" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001370.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001370.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Parechovirus (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/parechovirus.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/parechovirus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="PCR Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viral Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Virus+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rapid Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Respiratory Pathogens Panel" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-pathogens-panel/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-de-patogenos-respiratorios/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Roseola" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000968.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000968.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Roseola (Sixth Disease)" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/roseola-sixth-disease?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Subacute thyroiditis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral Exanthem" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/infant/viral-exanthem?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viral Exanthem" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/viral-exanthem?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruses that Can Lead to Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/infections/infections-that-can-lead-to-cancer/viruses.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La viruela es una enfermedad causada por el virus Variola mayor. Se disemina fácilmente de una persona a otra. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento." title="Viruela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html" id="2154" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Variola</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;La viruela es una enfermedad causada por el virus Variola mayor. Algunos especialistas dicen que a lo largo de los siglos mató a más personas que todas las otras enfermedades infecciosas juntas. La vacunación en todo el mundo detuvo la diseminación de la viruela hace tres décadas. El último caso se reportó en 1977. Dos laboratorios de investigación aún guardan pequeñas cantidades del virus. Los especialistas temen que los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterroristas&lt;/a&gt;  puedan utilizar el virus para diseminar la enfermedad.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La viruela se disemina fácilmente de una persona a otra. Los síntomas se parecen a los de la gripe e incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fiebre alta&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatiga&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolores de cabeza &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dolor de espalda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una erupción en la piel con llagas rojas y planas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;No existe tratamiento. Líquidos y medicinas para el dolor o la fiebre pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. La mayoría de las personas se recupera, pero algunas pueden morir. Aquellos que se recuperan pueden terminar con cicatrices severas.  &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estados Unidos interrumpió la vacunación de rutina contra la viruela en 1972. Los militares y otros grupos de alto riesgo continúan vacunándose. Estados Unidos ha aumentado el suministro de la vacuna en años recientes. La vacuna hace que algunas personas se sientan enfermas, por ello los médicos las reservan para aquellos con mayor riesgo de contagio. &lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html" id="1567" language="English">Smallpox</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<site title="Vacuna contra la viruela" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vacuna-contra-la-viruela/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/crisis-situations/smallpox-vaccine.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra la viruela y la viruela  símica o del mono (JYNNEOS™):  Lo que debe saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_smallpox_monkeypox.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/smallpox-monkeypox.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Viruela" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-pr/hogar/infecciones/poxvirus/viruela">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruela" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001356.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001356.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruela" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/smallpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20353027?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/smallpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20353027?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Viruela (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/smallpox.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/smallpox.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El virus del Nilo Occidental puede no causar síntomas, pero si entra al cerebro puede ser mortal por la encefalitis o meningitis que puede ocasionar." title="Virus del Nilo Occidental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html" id="2228" language="Spanish" date-created="07/14/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El virus del Nilo Occidental  es una enfermedad infecciosa que apareció por primera vez en los Estados Unidos en 1999. Mosquitos infectados diseminaron el virus que la causa. Las personas que contraen el virus no suelen tener síntomas o presentan síntomas leves. Los síntomas incluyen fiebre, dolor de cabeza, dolores de cuerpo, erupción cutánea o ganglios linfáticos inflamados. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, si el virus entra al cerebro puede ser mortal. Puede causar una inflamación del cerebro llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html"&gt;encefalitis&lt;/a&gt; o inflamación del tejido que rodea el cerebro y la médula espinal, llamada &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt;. Un examen físico, su historia clínica y pruebas de laboratorio se utilizan para diagnosticarlo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas mayores y aquellos con sistemas inmunitarios débiles están en mayor riesgo. No existen vacunas o tratamientos específicos para la enfermedad en humanos. La mejor manera de evitarlo es prevenir las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html"&gt;picaduras de mosquitos&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Use repelente contra insectos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Deshágase de los lugares donde los mosquito ponen huevos vaciando el agua que permanece estancada en floreros, baldes o barriles &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Permanezca en ambientes cerrados entre el atardecer y el amanecer, cuando los mosquitos están más activos &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use mosquiteros en las ventanas para que los insectos no entren en las habitaciones &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Cerebro y nervios</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html" id="1377" language="English">West Nile Virus</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html" id="1884">Encefalitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html" id="1981">Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nilo Occidental, Virus del</see-reference>
<see-reference>VNO</see-reference>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo prevenir la enfermedad por el virus del Nilo Occidental" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/es/prevention/como-prevenir-la-enfermedad-por-el-virus-del-nilo-occidental.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/prevention/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre el repelente de insectos adecuado" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por el virus del Nilo Occidental: Síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/es/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/enfermedad-por-el-virus-del-nilo-occidental-sintomas-diagnostico-y-tratamiento.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección del virus del Nilo occidental y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-infeccion-del-virus-del-nilo-occidetal/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por el virus del Nilo Occidental" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007186.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007186.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del Nilo Occidental" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/virus-del-nilo-occidental-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/west-nile-virus/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El virus del papiloma humano es una infección de transmisión sexual común. Algunos tipos se relacionan con mayor riesgo de cáncer. Síntomas, prevención. " title="Virus del papiloma humano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html" id="2281" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<also-called>VPH</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el VPH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los virus del papiloma humano (VPH) son un grupo de virus relacionados entre sí. Pueden causar verrugas en diferentes partes del cuerpo. Existen más de 200 tipos. Cerca de 40 de ellos afectan a los genitales. Estos se propagan a través del contacto sexual con una persona infectada. También se pueden propagar a través de otro contacto íntimo de piel a piel. Algunos de ellos pueden ponerle en riesgo desarrollar un cáncer. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen dos categorías de VPH de transmisión sexual. El VPH de bajo riesgo puede causar verrugas en o alrededor de los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html"&gt;genitales&lt;/a&gt;, el ano, la boca o la garganta. El VPH de alto riesgo puede causar varios tipos de cáncer:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cáncer de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cuello uterino&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer del ano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Algunos tipos de cáncer de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html"&gt;boca&lt;/a&gt; y de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html"&gt;garganta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de vulva&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html"&gt;Cáncer de vagina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Cáncer del pene&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las infecciones por VPH desaparecen por sí solas y no causan cáncer. Pero a veces las infecciones duran más. Cuando una infección por VPH de alto riesgo dura muchos años, puede provocar cambios en las células. Si estos cambios no se tratan, pueden empeorar con el tiempo y convertirse en cáncer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer infecciones por VPH?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las infecciones por VPH son muy comunes. Casi todas las personas sexualmente activas se infectan con el VPH poco después de iniciar su vida sexual.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones por VPH?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas desarrollan verrugas por ciertas infecciones de VPH de bajo riesgo, pero los otros tipos (incluyendo las de alto riesgo) no tienen síntomas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si una infección por VPH de alto riesgo dura muchos años y causa cambios en las células, es posible que tenga síntomas. También puede tener síntomas si esos cambios celulares se convierten en cáncer. Sus posibles síntomas dependerán de la parte del cuerpo afectada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por VPH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los profesionales de la salud pueden diagnosticar las verrugas al observarlas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Para las mujeres, hay &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;pruebas de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino &lt;/a&gt;que pueden encontrar cambios cervicales que pueden convertirse en cáncer. Como parte de la evaluación, las mujeres pueden hacerse pruebas de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/"&gt;Papanicolaou&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/"&gt;pruebas de VPH&lt;/a&gt; o ambas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por VPH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Una infección por VPH en sí no puede ser tratada. Existen medicamentos que puede aplicar a una verruga. Si no funcionan, su atención médica podría congelarla, quemarla o extirparla quirúrgicamente.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Existen tratamientos para los cambios celulares causados por la infección con VPH de alto riesgo. Incluyen medicamentos que se aplican al área afectada y varios procedimientos quirúrgicos.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;En general, las personas con cáncer relacionado con el VPH reciben los mismos tipos de tratamiento que quienes tienen cáncer no causados por el virus. Una excepción a esto son las personas que tienen ciertos tipos de cáncer de boca y de garganta, las que pueden tener diferentes opciones de tratamiento.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones por VPH?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El uso correcto de los condones de látex reduce en gran medida, aunque no elimina por completo, el riesgo de contraer o propagar el VPH. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las vacunas pueden proteger contra varios tipos de VPH, incluyendo algunas que pueden causar cáncer. Las vacunas brindan la mayor protección cuando se aplican antes de exponerse al virus. Esto significa que es mejor que se apliquen antes de que se vuelvan sexualmente activas.&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealthissues.html" id="34">Asuntos de salud sexual</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Sistema reproductor femenino</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html" id="1715" language="English">HPV</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html" id="1805">Cáncer de cuello uterino</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html" id="4323">Verrugas genitales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Papilomavirus humano (PVH)</see-reference>
<see-reference>VPH</see-reference>
<site title="Acerca de las infecciones genitales por el VPH" url="https://www.cdc.gov/sti/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-genitales-por-el-vph.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colocación del condón" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100109_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100109_1.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Colposcopia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuestionario sobre el VPH y las verrugas genitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000886_96.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000886_41.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cánceres vinculados con el VPH cada año" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/cases.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/cases.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo hablar con su preadolescente sobre la vacuna contra el VPH" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/immunizations/paginas/how-to-talk-to-your-preteen-about-hpv-vaccine.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/How-to-Talk-to-Your-Preteen-About-HPV-Vaccine.aspx">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Detección y prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="El VPH y el cáncer de cuello uterino: Lo que debe saber" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/el-vph-y-el-cancer-de-cuello-uterino-lo-que-debe-saber" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hpv-and-cervical-cancer-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hágase la prueba: Recursos nacionales para las pruebas del VIH y ETS" url="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección bucal por el virus del papiloma humano" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007762.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007762.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Infección por el VPH: ¿Una causa de cáncer en hombres?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/expert-answers/hpv/faq-20057761?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/expert-answers/hpv/faq-20057761?p=1">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Información básica sobre los cánceres asociados al VPH" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/basic-information.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional del Cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Papilomatosis respiratoria recurrente o papilomatosis laríngea" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevención del cáncer empieza en la niñez" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-prevention-starts-in-childhood.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protección contra el VPH: Los virus comunes pueden provocar cáncer" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/proteccion-contra-el-vph" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/04/protecting-against-hpv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ADN para el VPH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007534.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del virus del papiloma humano (VPH)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del VPH" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hpv-test/about/pac-20394355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hpv-test/about/pac-20394355?p=1">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Resultados anormales en las pruebas del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y de Papanicolaou" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion/resultados-anormales-pruebas-vph-pap" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening/abnormal-hpv-pap-test-results">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sobreviviente de cáncer cervical llama a los jóvenes a vacunarse contra el VPH" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/sobreviviente-de-cancer-cervical-llama-a-los-jovenes-a-vacunarse-contra-el-vph" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cervical-cancer-survivor-urges-young-people-to-get-hpv-vaccine">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uso del condón: información general" url="https://www.cdc.gov/condom-use/es/uso-del-condon-informacion-general.html">
<information-category>Folletos para el paciente</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/hpv-vaccine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hpv-vaccine.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH): Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/spanish_hpv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el VPH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007436.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007436.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el VPH para   preadolescentes y adolescentes" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hpv-basics-color-sp-508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/hpv-basics-color.pdf">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el VPH: Quién la necesita, cómo funciona" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/in-depth/hpv-vaccine/art-20047292?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna del VPH y el embarazo" url="https://mothertobaby.org/es/hojas-informativas/la-vacuna-del-vph/" language-mapped-url="https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/hpv-vaccine-pregnancy/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra los virus del papiloma humano" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-vacuna-vph" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Verrugas genitales" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000886.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000886.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH)" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/https-familydoctor-org-condition-human-papillomavirus-hpv-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/human-papillomavirus-hpv.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH)" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph-human-papillomavirus-hpv" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/hpv-human-papillomavirus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/vph-y-cancer" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y el cáncer orofaríngeo" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/oropharyngeal-cancer.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del papiloma humano (VPH): ¿Sabía usted?" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXNVylRkJGU">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VPH y las pruebas del VPH" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/vph/vph-y-pruebas-para-vph.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/hpv/hpv-and-hpv-testing.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El virus del Zika es transmitido por mosquitos. Puede causar defectos congénitos como microcefalia y síndrome de Guillain-Barré. Cómo prevenirlo." title="Virus del Zika" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html" id="6343" language="Spanish" date-created="02/02/2016">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El Zika es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; que en su mayoría se transmite por mosquitos (zancudos). Una mujer embarazada puede pasar el virus a su bebé durante el embarazo o cerca de la fecha de parto. Puede propagarse por contacto sexual. También se ha reportado su diseminación a través de transfusiones de sangre. Han aparecido brotes de Zika en Estados Unidos, África, el sudeste asiático, las islas del Pacífico, algunas áreas del Caribe y en América Central y América del Sur. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La mayoría de las personas que se contagia el virus no se enferma. Una de cada cinco personas tiene síntomas, que pueden incluir fiebre, erupción en la piel, dolor en las articulaciones y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html"&gt;conjuntivitis&lt;/a&gt;. En general, los síntomas son leves y comienzan dos a siete días después de haber sido picado por el mosquito. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Una prueba de sangre puede diagnosticar la infección. No existen vacunas o medicamentos para tratarla. Tomar mucho líquido, descansar y tomar acetaminofén puede ayudar con la recuperación.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; El Zika puede causar microcefalia (un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html"&gt;defecto de nacimiento&lt;/a&gt; serio en el cual la cabeza de una persona es mucho más pequeña de lo normal) y otros problemas en bebés cuyas madres fueron infectadas estando embarazadas. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades recomiendan que las mujeres embarazadas no viajen a regiones donde se registren brotes de Zika. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted planea viajar, consulte con su médico. También debe tener cuidado de evitar las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html"&gt;picaduras de mosquitos&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Use repelente de insectos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use ropa que cubra sus brazos, piernas y pies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quédese en lugares donde haya aire acondicionado o use mosquiteros en las ventanas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
		

&lt;p class=""&gt; Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html" id="6342" language="English">Zika Virus</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Zika, Virus</see-reference>
<site title="Casos de zika en los Estados Unidos" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/zika-cases-us/casos-de-zika-en-los-estados-unidos.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cinco cosas que debe saber sobre el Zika y el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/5-zika.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/5-zika.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crecer después del Zika" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/newsroom/digital-media/infographics/092116_zika_spanish">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</organization>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo se propaga el zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/causes/como-se-propaga-el-zika.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Encuentre el repelente de insectos adecuado" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado" language-mapped-url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad del virus del Zika" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007666.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Enfermedad por el virus del Zika" url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zika-virus" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zika-virus">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Mundial de la  Salud</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microcefalia" url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/microcefalia.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/microcephaly.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Microcefalia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003272.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003272.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protéjase contra la picaduras de mosquitos cuando viaje" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del virus del Zika" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-zika/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/zika-virus-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de detección del virus del Zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/testing/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-virus-del-zika.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/testing/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones para las personas que viajan y las personas que viven en el extranjero" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/travel/recomendaciones-para-las-personas-que-viajan-y-las-personas-que-viven-en-el-extranjero.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/travel/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y complicaciones del zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/signs-symptoms/sintomas-y-complicaciones-del-zika.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/signs-symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento del virus Zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-zika.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/treatment/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus del Zika: Lo que los padres deben saber" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/ages-stages/prenatal/paginas/zika-virus.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika" url="https://www.paho.org/es/temas/zika" language-mapped-url="https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=11585&amp;Itemid=41688&amp;lang=en">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El virus sincitial respiratorio causa síntomas similares al resfrío en adultos y niños, pero puede ocasionar problemas serios en bebés, como neumonía." title="Virus respiratorio sincitial" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3102" language="Spanish" date-created="03/14/2003">
<also-called>Virus sincicial</also-called>
<also-called>Virus sincitial respiratorio</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el virus respiratorio sincitial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El virus respiratorio sincitial, también conocido como virus respiratorio sincicial, es una enfermedad viral común. Por lo general, causa síntomas leves parecidos al resfriado. Pero puede provocar infecciones pulmonares graves, especialmente en bebés, adultos mayores y personas con problemas médicos serios.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se transmite el virus respiratorio sincitial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El virus respiratorio sincitial se transmite de persona a persona a través de:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;El aire al toser y estornudar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contacto directo, como besar la cara de un niño con el virus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tocar un objeto o superficie con el virus y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o los ojos antes de lavarse las manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, las personas con una infección por virus respiratorio sincitial son contagiosas durante 3 a 8 días. Pero a veces los bebés y las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados pueden continuar propagando el virus durante 4 semanas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer infecciones por el virus respiratorio sincitial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El virus respiratorio sincitial puede afectar a personas de todas las edades. Pero es muy común en niños pequeños. Casi todos los niños se infectan con el virus respiratorio sincitial a los 2 años. En general, las infecciones ocurren durante la temporada de virus respiratorio sincitial, la que usualmente abarca del otoño a la primavera.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los que corren un mayor riesgo de tener una infección grave por el virus respiratorio sincitial son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infantes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores, especialmente mayores de 65 años&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con afecciones médicas crónicas como enfermedades &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html"&gt;cardíacas&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html"&gt;pulmonares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones del virus respiratorio sincitial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En general, los síntomas de la infección por virus respiratorio sincitial comienzan entre 4 y 6 días después de la infección. Estos incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Congestión nasal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poco apetito&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html"&gt;Tos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Estornudos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html"&gt;Fiebre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sibilancias&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estos síntomas generalmente aparecen por etapas en lugar de todos a la vez. En bebés muy pequeños, los únicos síntomas pueden ser irritabilidad, disminución de la actividad y dificultad para respirar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El virus respiratorio sincitial también puede causar infecciones más graves, especialmente en personas con alto riesgo. Estas infecciones incluyen bronquiolitis (inflamación de las pequeñas vías respiratorias del pulmón) y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt; (infección de los pulmones).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones del virus respiratorio sincitial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para hacer un diagnóstico, el profesional de la salud puede utilizar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Un examen físico&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-sincicial-respiratorio-vsr/"&gt;prueba de laboratorio&lt;/a&gt; de líquido nasal u otra muestra respiratoria para verificar la presencia del virus. En general, esto se hace para personas con infección grave&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pruebas para detectar complicaciones en personas con infección grave. Pueden incluir una radiografía de tórax y análisis de sangre y orina&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por el virus respiratorio sincitial?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe un tratamiento específico para la infección por virus respiratorio sincitial. La mayoría de las infecciones desaparecen por sí solas en una o dos semanas. Los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html"&gt;analgésicos&lt;/a&gt; de venta libre pueden ayudar con la fiebre y el dolor. Sin embargo, a los niños no se les debe dar aspirina. Tampoco suministre &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html"&gt;medicamentos para la tos&lt;/a&gt; a niños menores de cuatro años. También es importante tomar suficientes líquidos para prevenir la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html"&gt;deshidratación&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas con infección severa pueden necesitar hospitalización, donde pueden administrarle oxígeno, un tubo de respiración o un ventilador.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones del virus respiratorio sincitial?&lt;/h3&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Hay algunas vacunas disponibles para proteger contra la enfermedad del virus sincitial. Dos de ellas son para personas de 60 años o más. Si pertenece a este grupo de edad, hable con su profesional de la salud para saber si alguna vacuna contra el virus es adecuada para usted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;También hay una vacuna para personas embarazadas. Se administra entre las semanas 32 y 36 de embarazo. Ayuda a proteger a los recién nacidos de la enfermedad del virus sincitial durante los primeros 6 meses de vida.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay dos medicamentos para ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad grave por sincicial en bebés y niños pequeños. Estos medicamentos pueden ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad grave por el virus, pero no pueden curar ni tratar a los niños que ya tienen la afección. Además, no pueden prevenir una infección por sincicial. Ambos medicamentos se administran vía inyecciones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A bebés menores de 8 meses se administra una medicina durante su primera temporada de virus respiratorio sincitial. Esto incluye a los bebés que nacen durante la temporada del virus. Este medicamento también se puede administrar a algunos niños los 8 y 19 meses que tienen un alto riesgo de contraer una enfermedad grave por virus sincitial. Por ejemplo, podrían estar en alto riesgo porque:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html"&gt;Nacieron prematuramente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html"&gt;enfermedad cardíaca congénita&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen enfermedad pulmonar crónica&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tienen un sistema inmunitario débil&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El otro medicamento se administra mensualmente durante la temporada de virus respiratorio sincitial. Es para niños menores de 24 meses de edad que tienen un alto riesgo de contraer una enfermedad grave por el virus.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Asimismo, hay algunos pasos que puede seguir para reducir el riesgo de contraer o propagar una infección por virus sincitial, incluyendo:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Lavarse las manos&lt;/a&gt; frecuentemente con agua y jabón durante al menos 20 segundos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar tocarse la cara, la nariz o la boca con las manos sin lavar&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Evitar el contacto cercano, como besarse, darse la mano y compartir tazas y utensilios para comer si usted está enfermo o si otras personas están enfermas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limpiar y desinfectar las superficies que toca con frecuencia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo de papel. Luego deseche el pañuelo y lávese las manos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Niños y adolescentes</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Pulmón y vías respiratorias</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html" id="3101" language="English">Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html" id="2221">Infecciones virales</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bronquiolitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Infección por el virus VRS</see-reference>
<see-reference>VRS</see-reference>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/bronquiolitis-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/bronchiolitis/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bronquiolitis" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bronchiolitis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo nasofaríngeo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003747.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003747.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen para anticuerpos contra el virus sincicial respiratorio" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003348.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003348.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hisopado nasal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba del virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-sincicial-respiratorio-vsr/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas de infección por el VRS" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/symptoms/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el VRS (virus respiratorio sincitial): Lo que necesita saber" url="https://www.immunize.org/wp-content/uploads/vis/pdf/spanish_rsv.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/rsv.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vacuna contra el VSR (virus sincitial respiratorio): Qué necesita saber" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007797.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007797.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas contra el VRS" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vacunas para adultos de 60 años de edad o más" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/older-adults.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/older-adults.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorio sincicial" url="https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/17027/el-virus-respiratorio-sincicial/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorio sincitial" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/rsv.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/rsv.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus respiratorios y embarazo" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/risk-factors/pregnant-people.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001564.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001564.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus sincitial respiratorio" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/complicaciones/virus-sincitial-respiratorio.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/rsv">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR): Cuando el problema es más que un simple resfriado" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/paginas/rsv-when-its-more-than-just-a-cold.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/RSV-When-Its-More-Than-Just-a-Cold.aspx">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Pediatría</organization>
</site>
<site title="VRS en los adultos" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/older-adults/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/older-adults/">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="VRS en los bebés y niños pequeños" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/infants-young-children/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/infants-young-children/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cómo se propaga el VRS?" url="https://espanol.cdc.gov/rsv/causes/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/causes/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vision impairment (low vision) and blindness can have many causes. If you lose vision, you can't get it back. But there are ways to manage; learn how." title="Vision Impairment and Blindness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="165" language="English" date-created="07/08/1999">
<also-called>Low vision</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;If you have low vision, eyeglasses, contact lenses, medicine, or surgery may not help. Activities like reading, shopping, cooking, writing, and watching TV may be hard to do.   The leading causes of low vision and blindness in the United States are age-related eye diseases: &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html"&gt;macular degeneration&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html"&gt;cataract&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html"&gt;glaucoma&lt;/a&gt;.  Other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html"&gt;eye disorders&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html"&gt;eye injuries&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html"&gt;birth defects&lt;/a&gt; can also cause vision loss. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Whatever the cause, lost vision cannot be restored. It can, however, be managed. A loss of vision means that you may have to reorganize your life and learn new ways of doing things. If you have some vision, visual aids such as special glasses and large print books can make life easier. There are also devices to help those with no vision, like text-reading software and braille books.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The sooner vision loss or eye disease is found and treated, the greater your chances of keeping your remaining vision. You should have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html"&gt;regular comprehensive eye exams&lt;/a&gt; by an eye care professional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Eye Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyesandvision.html" id="9">Eyes and Vision</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html" id="2222" language="Spanish">Problemas y pérdida de la visión</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014786">Vision Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://nei.nih.gov/">National Eye Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/amblyopia.html" id="6189">Amblyopia</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" id="3136">Assistive Devices</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html" id="116">Cataract</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html" id="1340">Diabetic Eye Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html" id="6425">Eye Care</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html" id="247">Eye Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html" id="492">Eye Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html" id="42">Glaucoma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html" id="313">Macular Degeneration</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html" id="1681">Retinal Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Blindness</see-reference>
<see-reference>Low Vision</see-reference>
<site title="Abnormal Head Position" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/abnormal-head-position">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="About the Eye" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/nei-for-kids/about-eye">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Aging and Your Eyes" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vision-and-vision-loss/aging-and-your-eyes" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/ojos/envejecimiento-ojos">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Aging</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Alström syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alstrom-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="American Foundation for the Blind" url="https://www.afb.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="Assistive Devices: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal dominant congenital stationary night blindness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-congenital-stationary-night-blindness">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-recessive-congenital-stationary-night-blindness">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blindness and vision loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003040.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/boucher-neuhauser-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bradyopsia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bradyopsia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Braille Bug: Games" url="https://braillebug.org/">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choroideremia: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/choroideremia">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Blindness" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Blindness%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vision Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vision+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vision, Low" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vision,+Low%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cortical Visual Impairment" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/cortical-visual-impairment">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Delayed Visual Maturation" url="https://aapos.org/glossary/delayed-visual-maturation">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dilating Eye Drops" url="https://www.aapos.org/glossary/dilating-eye-drops">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Exam and Vision Testing Basics" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-exams-101" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/consejos/examenes-de-los-ojos-101">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eye Health Data and Statistics" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eye Symptoms" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/symptoms-list" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/sintomas-lista">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Ophthalmologist" url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/find-ophthalmologist" language-mapped-url="https://secure.aao.org/aao/encontrar-oftalmologo">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Finding an Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/en-espanol/encontrando-un-oculista">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fundus albipunctatus: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fundus-albipunctatus">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Home vision tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003446.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003446.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How the Eyes Work" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/como-funcionan-los-ojos">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Keep an Eye on Your Child's Vision" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/prevention/youth-vision-problems.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/visionhealth/resources/features/spanish/vision-health-children.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living with Low Vision" url="https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/consumers/Adults/LowVision/Low%20Vision%20Tip%20Sheet.ashx">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Occupational Therapy Association</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Living with vision loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000526.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000526.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Low Vision" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/low-vision" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/enfermedades-y-afecciones-de-los-ojos/baja-vision">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Low Vision Rehabilitation Teams and Services" url="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/low-vision-aids-rehabilitation" language-mapped-url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/rehabilitacion-baja-vision">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Ophthalmology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Manitoba oculotrichoanal syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/manitoba-oculotrichoanal-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mucolipidosis type IV: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mucolipidosis-type-iv">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Eye Institute" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ophthalmo-acromelic syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ophthalmo-acromelic-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ophthalmoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003881.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003881.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteoporosis-pseudoglioma-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vision disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vision+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="RAB18 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rab18-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rehabilitation for Blindness" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation/rehabilitation-for-blindness" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/fundamentos/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n/rehabilitaci%C3%B3n-de-la-ceguera">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Seeing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000109.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<information-category>Videos and Tutorials</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sox2-anophthalmia-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Standard eye exam" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003434.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003434.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Talking with Your Eye Doctor" url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/healthy-vision/finding-eye-doctor/talking-your-eye-doctor" language-mapped-url="https://www.nei.nih.gov/espanol/aprenda-sobre-la-salud-ocular/vision-saludable/encontrar-un-oculista/como-hablar-con-su-oculista">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Eye Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Uveitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001005.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001005.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vision - night blindness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003039.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vision problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003029.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003029.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visual acuity test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003396.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003396.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Visual field" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003879.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003879.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Visual Impairment" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/visual-impairment.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/visual-impairment.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wagner syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wagner-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Is Low Vision?" url="https://aphconnectcenter.org/visionaware/eye-conditions/eye-health/low-vision/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Foundation for the Blind</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-linked congenital stationary night blindness: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/x-linked-congenital-stationary-night-blindness">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Aging Eyes: How You See as Time Goes By" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/your-aging-eyes" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sus-ojos-envejecidos">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your Child's Vision" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vision.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vision.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Eyes" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/eyes.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/eye.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Your vital signs show how well your body is functioning. They include blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate (or pulse), and temperature. " title="Vital Signs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html" id="6288" language="English" date-created="12/22/2015">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your vital signs show how well your body is functioning. They are usually measured at doctor's offices, often as part of a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html"&gt;health checkup&lt;/a&gt;, or during an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html"&gt;emergency room&lt;/a&gt; visit. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Blood pressure,&lt;/strong&gt; which measures the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Blood pressure that is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;too high&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html"&gt;too low&lt;/a&gt; can cause problems. Your blood pressure has two numbers. The first number is the pressure when your heart beats and is pumping the blood.  The second is from when your heart is at rest, between beats. A normal blood pressure reading for adults is lower than 120/80 and higher than 90/60.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Heart rate,&lt;/strong&gt; or pulse, which measures how fast your heart is beating. A problem with your heart rate may be an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;arrhythmia&lt;/a&gt;. Your normal heart rate depends on factors such as your age, how much you exercise, whether you are sitting or standing, which medicines you take, and your weight.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Respiratory rate,&lt;/strong&gt; which measures your breathing. Mild breathing changes can be from causes such as a stuffy nose or hard exercise. But slow or fast breathing can also be a sign of a serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html"&gt;breathing problem&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Temperature,&lt;/strong&gt; which measures how hot your body is. A body temperature that is higher than normal (over 98.6 °F, or 37 °C) is called a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnostictests.html" id="25">Diagnostic Tests</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html" id="6289" language="Spanish">Signos vitales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D055986">Vital Signs</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Blood Pressure</see-reference>
<see-reference>Breathing Rate</see-reference>
<see-reference>Heart Rate</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pulse</see-reference>
<see-reference>Temperature</see-reference>
<site title="Aging changes in vital signs" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004019.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/004019.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="All about Heart Rate (Pulse)" url="https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/all-about-heart-rate-pulse">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Heart Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure: Does It Have a Daily Pattern?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058115?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058115?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Blood Pressure: Is It Affected by Cold Weather?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058250?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058250?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body temperature norms" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001982.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001982.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Breathing" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vital Signs" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vital+Signs%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How Your Body Controls Breathing" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs/body-controls-breathing" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/pulmones/controles-respiratorios-del-cuerpo">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Measuring Blood Pressure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vital Signs" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vital+Signs%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Pulse" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003399.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Temperature measurement" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003400.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thermometers: Understand the Options" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/ART-20046737?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/fever/in-depth/thermometers/art-20046737?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wrist Blood Pressure Monitors: Are They Accurate?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/FAQ-20057802?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/wrist-blood-pressure-monitors/faq-20057802?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vitamin A is an antioxidant. Vitamin A plays a role in your vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell functions and immune system." title="Vitamin A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html" id="5373" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitamins&lt;/a&gt; are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin A plays a role in your:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vision&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bone growth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reproduction&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cell functions&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Immune system&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vitamin A is an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html"&gt;antioxidant&lt;/a&gt;. It can come from plant or animal sources.  Plant sources include colorful fruits and vegetables.  Animal sources include liver and whole milk.  Vitamin A is also added to foods like cereals.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vegetarians, young children, and alcoholics may need extra Vitamin A. You might also need more if you have certain conditions, such as liver diseases, cystic fibrosis, and Crohn's disease.  Check with your health care provider to see if you need to take vitamin A supplements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html" id="5374" language="Spanish">Vitamina A</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014801">Vitamin A</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590">Antioxidants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Retinol</see-reference>
<site title="Beta-carotene blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003571.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitamin A" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Vitamin+A%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypervitaminosis A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000350.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin A" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitamin+A%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin A" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002400.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin A" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamins/vitamin-a/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin A blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003570.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vitamin C is an antioxidant.  It is important for your skin, bones, and connective tissue. It promotes healing and helps the body absorb iron." title="Vitamin C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html" id="5380" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<also-called>Ascorbic acid</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitamins&lt;/a&gt; are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin C is an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html"&gt;antioxidant&lt;/a&gt;. It is important for your skin, bones, and connective tissue.  It promotes healing and helps the body absorb iron.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vitamin C comes from fruits and vegetables.  Good sources include citrus, red and green peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, and greens. Some juices and cereals have added vitamin C.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people may need extra vitamin C:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnant/breastfeeding women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smokers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People recovering from surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Burn victims&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html" id="5381" language="Spanish">Vitamina C</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D001205">Ascorbic Acid</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590">Antioxidants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ascorbic Acid</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ascorbic Acid" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Ascorbic+Acid%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin C" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ascorbic+Acid%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scurvy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000355.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Too Much Vitamin C: Is It Harmful?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-c/faq-20058030?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-c/faq-20058030?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002404.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin C" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin C" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamins/vitamin-c/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin C and colds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002145.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. You can get Vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements." title="Vitamin D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html" id="5383" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<also-called>Cholecalciferol</also-called>
<also-called>Ergocalciferol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt; Why do I need vitamin D?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitamins&lt;/a&gt; are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin D is important to your body because:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It helps your body absorb &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;. Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html"&gt;A lack of vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; can lead to bone diseases such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html"&gt;rickets&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It also has a role in your nerve, muscle, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;immune&lt;/a&gt; systems:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Your muscles need it to move&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Your nerves need it to carry messages between your brain and your body&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Your immune system needs vitamin D to fight off bacteria and viruses&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I get vitamin D?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. Your body forms vitamin D naturally after &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;exposure to sunlight&lt;/a&gt;. However, too much sun exposure can lead to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html"&gt;skin aging&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html"&gt;skin cancer&lt;/a&gt;. So many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Most people get vitamin D in their diet from foods that are fortified. This means that vitamin D is added to the food. These foods may include milk, cereal, and yogurt. Foods that naturally have vitamin D include egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vitamin D is available in supplements. It is also included in many multivitamins. The two forms of vitamin D in supplements are D2 and D3. Both types increase vitamin D in your blood, but D3 might raise it higher and for longer than D2. Vitamin D is fat soluble. You can absorb it better when you take your supplements with a meal or snack that includes some fat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How much vitamin D do I need?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age. The recommended amounts, in international units (IU), are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Birth to 12 months: 400 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children 1-13 years: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teens 14-18 years: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 19-70 years: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 71 years and older: 800 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who are pregnant or breastfeeding: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But certain people may need extra vitamin D, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older adults&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breastfed infants&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with dark skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with  certain conditions that limit the absorption of fat, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html"&gt;celiac disease&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; or have had &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;gastric bypass surgery&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Check with your health care provider to see if you need to take vitamin D supplements, and if so, how much you should take. Your provider may want to first do a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/"&gt;vitamin D test &lt;/a&gt; to see if you are getting enough of it.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html" id="5384" language="Spanish">Vitamina D</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014807">Vitamin D</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vitamind.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vitamind.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/vitamind.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html" id="3898">Rickets</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html" id="6448">Vitamin D Deficiency</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456">Vitamins</related-topic>
<site title="25-hydroxy vitamin D test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003569.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calcium and Vitamin D: Important for Bone Health" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/calcium-and-vitamin-d-important-bone-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/el-calcio-y-la-vitamina-D-importantes-para-la-salud-de-los-huesos">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcium, vitamin D, and your bones" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitamin D" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Vitamin+D%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Digging Into Vitamin D: All About the &quot;Sunshine&quot; Vitamin" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/04/digging-into-vitamin-d" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-vitamina-d-en-detalle">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypervitaminosis D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001594.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitamin+D%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Test Your Bone-Health Diet Knowledge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000490_11.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000490_71.htm">
<information-category>Test Your Knowledge</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vitamin-d.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vitamin-d.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002405.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D and Breastfeeding" url="https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/diet-micronutrients/vitamin-d.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/vitamin-d-fact-sheet" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-vitamina-d">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Is There Any Connection?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/FAQ-20058258?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/faq-20058258?p=1">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D Toxicity: What If You Get Too Much?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-d-toxicity/faq-20058108?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-d-toxicity/faq-20058108?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A lack of vitamin D (deficiency) can affect your bones and overall health. Learn who is at risk, how much vitamin D you need, and how to get enough." title="Vitamin D Deficiency" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html" id="6448" language="English" date-created="02/28/2017">
<also-called>Hypovitaminosis D</also-called>
<also-called>Low Vitamin D</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is vitamin D deficiency?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vitamin D deficiency means that your body is not getting enough vitamin D to stay healthy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Why do I need vitamin D and how do I get it?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;Vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; helps your body absorb &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt;. Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone. Vitamin D also has a role in your nervous, muscle, and immune systems.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;You can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. Your body forms vitamin D naturally after exposure to sunlight. But too much &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html"&gt;sun exposure&lt;/a&gt; can lead to skin aging and skin cancer, so many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How much vitamin D do I need?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age.  The recommended amounts, in international units (IU), are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Birth to 12 months: 400 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Children 1-13 years: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Teens 14-18 years: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 19-70 years: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adults 71 years and older: 800 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Pregnant and breastfeeding women: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;People at high risk of vitamin D deficiency may need more. Check with your health care provider about how much you need.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes vitamin D deficiency?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can become deficient in vitamin D for different reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You don't get enough vitamin D in your diet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You don't absorb enough vitamin D from food (a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html"&gt;malabsorption problem&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You don't get enough exposure to sunlight&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your liver or kidneys cannot convert vitamin D to its active form in the body&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You take medicines that interfere with your body's ability to convert or absorb vitamin D&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk of vitamin D deficiency?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some people are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breastfed infants, because human milk is a poor source of vitamin D. If you are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html"&gt;breastfeeding&lt;/a&gt;, give your infant a supplement of 400 IU of vitamin D every day.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Older adults, because your skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as when you were young, and your kidneys are less able to convert vitamin D to its active form.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with dark skin, which has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with conditions that make it difficult to absorb nutrients from food, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;Crohn's disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;ulcerative colitis&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html"&gt;celiac disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, because their body fat binds to some vitamin D and prevents it from getting into the blood.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who have had gastric bypass surgery, a type of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;weight loss surgery&lt;/a&gt; which creates a bypass of part of the small intestine. Since vitamin D is absorbed there, bypassing part of it makes it harder to absorb enough vitamin D. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html"&gt;chronic kidney&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html"&gt;liver disease&lt;/a&gt;, which can affect your ability to change vitamin D into a form your body can use.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;People who take medicines that affect vitamin D levels, including certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html"&gt;cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, anti-seizure, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroid&lt;/a&gt;, and weight-loss medicines.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Talk with your provider if you are at risk for vitamin D deficiency.  There is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/"&gt;blood test&lt;/a&gt; that can measure how much vitamin D is in your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What problems does vitamin D deficiency cause?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a loss of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;bone density&lt;/a&gt;, which can contribute to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Severe vitamin D deficiency can also lead to other diseases:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In children, it can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html"&gt;rickets&lt;/a&gt;. Rickets is a rare disease that causes the bones to become soft and bend. African American infants and children are at higher risk of getting rickets.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;In adults, severe vitamin D deficiency leads to osteomalacia. Osteomalacia causes weak bones, bone pain, and muscle weakness.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I get more vitamin D?&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are a few foods that naturally have some vitamin D:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Beef liver&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cheese&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mushrooms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Egg yolks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also get vitamin D from fortified foods. You can check the &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html"&gt;food labels&lt;/a&gt; to find out whether a food has vitamin D. Foods that often have added vitamin D include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Milk&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Breakfast cereals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Orange juice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other dairy products, such as yogurt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Soy drinks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vitamin D is in many multivitamins. There are also vitamin D supplements, both in pills and in a liquid for babies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you have vitamin D deficiency, the treatment is with supplements. Check with your provider about how much you need to take, how often you need to take it, and how long you need to take it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can too much vitamin D be harmful?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Getting too much vitamin D (known as vitamin D toxicity) can be harmful. Signs of toxicity include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;nausea and vomiting&lt;/a&gt;, poor appetite, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html"&gt;constipation&lt;/a&gt;, weakness, and weight loss.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Very high levels of vitamin D can damage the kidneys. It also raises the level of calcium in your blood. High levels of blood calcium (hypercalcemia) can cause confusion, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html"&gt;kidney failure&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html"&gt;irregular heartbeat&lt;/a&gt; (arrhythmia).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most cases of vitamin D toxicity happen when someone overuses vitamin D supplements. You cannot get too much vitamin D from sun exposure because the skin limits the amount of vitamin D it makes.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html" id="6449" language="Spanish">Deficiencia de vitamina D</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014808">Vitamin D Deficiency</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Osteomalacia </see-reference>
<site title="25-hydroxy vitamin D test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003569.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitamin D Deficiency" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vitamin+D+Deficiency%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Osteomalacia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000376.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000376.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D Deficiency" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitamin+D+Deficiency%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rickets: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamins/vitamin-d/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin D Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vitamin E is an antioxidant. It plays a role in your immune system and metabolic processes. People with certain disorders may need extra Vitamin E." title="Vitamin E" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html" id="5385" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitamins&lt;/a&gt; are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin E is an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html"&gt;antioxidant&lt;/a&gt;. It plays a role in your immune system and metabolic processes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Good sources of vitamin E include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vegetable oils&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Margarine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nuts and seeds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Leafy greens&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vitamin E is also added to foods like cereals. Most people get enough vitamin E from the foods they eat. People with certain disorders, such as liver diseases, cystic fibrosis, and Crohn's disease may need extra vitamin E. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vitamin E supplements may be harmful for people who take blood thinners and other medicines. Check with your health care provider before taking the supplements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html" id="5386" language="Spanish">Vitamina E</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014810">Vitamin E</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Alpha-tocopherol</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitamin E" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Vitamin+E%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin E" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitamin+E%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin E" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-Consumer/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-DatosEnEspanol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin E" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamins/vitamin-e/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin E" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002406.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-e-tocopherol-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-e-tocoferol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vitamin K makes proteins for healthy bones and tissues. It also makes proteins for blood clotting. There are different types of vitamin K." title="Vitamin K" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html" id="5388" language="English" date-created="03/08/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;Vitamins&lt;/a&gt; are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin K helps your body by making proteins for healthy bones and tissues.  It also makes proteins for blood clotting.  If you don't have enough vitamin K, you may &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;bleed&lt;/a&gt; too much.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Newborns have very little vitamin K.  They usually get a shot of vitamin K soon after they are born.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you take &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html"&gt;blood thinners&lt;/a&gt;, you need to be careful about how much vitamin K you get.  You also need to be careful about taking vitamin E supplements. Vitamin E can interfere with how vitamin K works in your body.  Ask your health care provider for recommendations about these vitamins.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of vitamin K. Most people get vitamin K from plants such as green vegetables, and dark berries.   Bacteria in your intestines also produce small amounts of another type of vitamin K.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html" id="5389" language="Spanish">Vitamina K</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014812">Vitamin K</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitamin K" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Vitamin+K%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Protect Your Baby from Bleeds" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/fact-sheet/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin K" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitamin+K%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Rare Clotting Factor Deficiencies" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/rare-clotting-factor-deficiencies/" language-mapped-url="https://elearning.wfh.org/es/centros-de-aprendizaje/deficiencias-poco-comunes-de-factores-de-la-coagulacion/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>World Federation of Hemophilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin K" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-Consumer/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin K" url="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-k/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Harvard School of Public Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin K" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002407.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007320.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vitamina A es un antioxidante. Ayuda a la visión, los huesos y las defensas del cuerpo. Entérese sobre las fuentes alimenticias de vitamina A. " title="Vitamina A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html" id="5374" language="Spanish" date-created="03/25/2010">
<also-called>Carotenoides</also-called>
<also-called>Retinol</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;
Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y se desarrollarse en forma normal. La vitamina A juega un rol en su:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Visión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crecimiento de los huesos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Aparato reproductivo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Funciones celulares&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Sistema inmune&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vitamina A es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html"&gt;antioxidante&lt;/a&gt;. Se obtiene de las plantas o animales. Buenas fuentes son frutas de colores y verduras. Las fuentes animales incluyen el hígado y la leche entera. La vitamina A también es agregada a algunos alimentos como los cereales.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Los vegetarianos, niños pequeños y alcohólicos quizás necesiten más vitamina A. También puede necesitar mayor cantidad si padece ciertas afecciones como enfermedades del hígado, fibrosis quística y enfermedad de Crohn. Pregúntele a su proveedor de salud si usted necesita suplementos de vitamina A.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html" id="5373" language="English">Vitamin A</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<site title="Examen de betacaroteno en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003571.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003571.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de vitamina A en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003570.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003570.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipervitaminosis A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000350.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000350.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina A" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-Consumer/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina A" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002400.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002400.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina A" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/drugs-supplements-vitamin-a/art-20365945?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una deficiencia de vitamina A?" url="https://www.aao.org/salud-ocular/enfermedades/deficiencia-de-vitamina">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Oftalmología</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vitamina C es un antioxidante. Es importante para la piel, los huesos y el tejido conectivo. Promueve la curación y ayuda a absorber el hierro." title="Vitamina C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html" id="5381" language="Spanish" date-created="05/26/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; son sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para crecer y funcionar en forma normal. La vitamina C es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html"&gt;antioxidante&lt;/a&gt;.  Es importante para la piel, los huesos y el tejido conectivo. Promueve la curación y ayuda al cuerpo a absorber el hierro.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;La vitamina C viene de las frutas y verduras. Buenas fuentes de esta vitamina  incluyen los cítricos, los pimentones rojos y verdes, tomates, brócoli y las verduras de hoja verde. Algunos jugos y cereales tienen vitamina C adicional.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Algunas personas necesitan vitamina C extra:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mujeres embarazadas o dando pecho&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fumadores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas recuperándose de una cirugía&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Víctimas de quemaduras&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html" id="5380" language="English">Vitamin C</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<site title="Escorbuto" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000355.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000355.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina C" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002404.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002404.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina C" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-Consumer/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina C y los resfriados" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002145.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002145.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Es posible tomar demasiada vitamina C?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-c/faq-20058030?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-c/faq-20058030?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vitamina D ayuda al cuerpo a absorber calcio, un elemento muy importante para sus huesos. Su deficiencia puede causar osteoporosis o raquitismo." title="Vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html" id="5384" language="Spanish" date-created="03/25/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Por qué necesito vitamina D?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las vitaminas son sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. La vitamina D es importante para su cuerpo porque:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ayuda a absorber &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html"&gt;calcio&lt;/a&gt;. El calcio es uno de los principales bloques de construcción de los huesos. Una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html"&gt;deficiencia de vitamina D&lt;/a&gt; puede provocar afecciones de los huesos, como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html"&gt;osteoporosis&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html"&gt;raquitismo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Tiene un papel en los nervios, músculos y sistema &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html"&gt;inmunitario&lt;/a&gt;:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus músculos la necesitan para moverse&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Sus nervios la necesitan para llevar mensajes entre su cerebro y su cuerpo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Su sistema inmunitario necesita vitamina D para combatir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html"&gt;bacterias&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo obtengo vitamina D?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Usted puede obtener vitamina D de tres maneras: a través de su piel, en su dieta y en forma de suplementos. Su cuerpo forma vitamina D en forma natural después de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;exponerse a la luz solar&lt;/a&gt;. No obstante, demasiada exposición solar puede provocar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html"&gt;envejecimiento de la piel&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html"&gt;cáncer de piel&lt;/a&gt;. Por esta razón, muchas personas intentan obtener vitamina D de otras fuentes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Muy pocos alimentos contienen vitamina D de manera natural. La mayoría de las personas obtiene vitamina D en su dieta de alimentos que son fortificados. Estos alimentos pueden incluir leche, cereal y yogur. Los alimentos que contienen vitamina D naturalmente son yemas de huevo, pescado de agua salada e hígado.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La vitamina D está disponible en suplementos. También se incluye en muchos suplementos multivitamínicos. Las dos formas de vitamina D en suplementos son D2 y D3. Ambos tipos aumentan la vitamina D en su sangre, pero la vitamina D3 puede elevarla más y por más tiempo que la D2. La vitamina D se disuelve con la grasa. Usted puede absorberla mejor cuando toma sus suplementos con una comida o refrigerio que incluya algo de grasa.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cuánta vitamina D necesito?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cantidad de vitamina D que usted necesita cada día depende de su edad. La cantidad recomendada en unidades internacionales (IU por sus siglas en inglés) son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Del nacimiento a los 12 meses: 400 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Niños de 1 a 13 años: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adolescentes de 14 a 18 años: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 19 a 70 años: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos de 71 años y más: 800 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas embarazadas o amamantando: 600 IU&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sin embargo, ciertas personas pueden necesitar vitamina D extra como:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adultos mayores&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bebés amamantados&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con tono de piel oscura&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas con ciertas afecciones que limitan su absorción de grasa como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad de Crohn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html"&gt;enfermedad celíaca&lt;/a&gt;, y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html"&gt;colitis ulcerativa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Personas que tienen &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html"&gt;obesidad&lt;/a&gt; o han tenido &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;cirugía de bypass gástrico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si necesita tomar suplementos de vitamina D y, si es así, cuánto debe tomar. Su profesional de la salud puede pedir una prueba de vitamina D para saber si está obteniendo lo suficiente. &lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos  &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html" id="5383" language="English">Vitamin D</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html" id="3899">Raquitismo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<site title="Calcio y la vitamina D: Importantes para la salud de los huesos" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/el-calcio-y-la-vitamina-D-importantes-para-la-salud-de-los-huesos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/calcium-and-vitamin-d-important-bone-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Calcio, la vitamina D y sus huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000490.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Evalúe su conocimiento sobre la dieta para la salud de los huesos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000490_71.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000490_11.htm">
<information-category>Pruebe su conocimiento</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de 25-hidroxi vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003569.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hipervitaminosis D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001594.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001594.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002405.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002405.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/vitamina-d/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vitamina-d/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vitamin-d.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vitamin-d.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D en detalle" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/la-vitamina-d-en-detalle" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/04/digging-into-vitamin-d">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/alimentacion/hoja-informativa-vitamina-d" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/vitamin-d-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina D y esclerosis múltiple: ¿Hay alguna conexión?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/faq-20058258?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/vitamin-d-and-ms/FAQ-20058258?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es la toxicidad producida por la vitamina D?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-d-toxicity/faq-20058108?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/vitamin-d-toxicity/faq-20058108?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vitamina E es un antioxidante y ayuda en los procesos de su sistema inmunitario y metabólico. Fuentes alimenticias de vitamina E. " title="Vitamina E" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html" id="5386" language="Spanish" date-created="07/07/2011">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; son sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse en forma normal. La vitamina E es un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html"&gt;antioxidante&lt;/a&gt;. Juega un papel en los procesos de su sistema inmunitario y metabólico. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Buenas fuentes de vitamina E incluyen:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aceites vegetales&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Margarina&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Nueces y semillas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Verduras de hojas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;La vitamina E también se encuentra en los cereales. La mayoría de la gente consume suficiente vitamina E a través de la dieta.  Las personas que padecen enfermedades tal como trastornos hepáticos, fibrosis quística y enfermedad de Crohn pueden necesitar más vitamina E.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los suplementos de vitamina E pueden ser dañinos para las personas que toman anticoagulantes u otros medicamentos. Consulte con su proveedor de salud antes de consumir cualquier suplemento. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html" id="5385" language="English">Vitamin E</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina E (tocoferol)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-e-tocoferol/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-e-tocopherol-test/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina E" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002406.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002406.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina E" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-Consumer/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="La vitamina K ayuda al cuerpo a formar huesos y tejidos saludables con las proteínas. También produce proteínas que ayudan a coagular la sangre. " title="Vitamina K" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html" id="5389" language="Spanish" date-created="03/30/2010">
<also-called>Filoquinona</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; son sustancias que ayudan a su cuerpo a crecer y desarrollarse en forma normal. La vitamina K ayuda al cuerpo a construir huesos y tejidos saludables a través de las proteínas. También produce proteínas que ayudan a coagular la sangre. Si no tiene suficiente vitamina K, podría &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html"&gt;sangrar mucho&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los recién nacidos tienen muy poca vitamina K. Frecuentemente reciben una vacuna de vitamina K poco después de nacer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si está tomando &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html"&gt;anticoagulantes&lt;/a&gt;, necesita tener cuidado con la cantidad de vitamina K que consume. También necesitaría tener cuidado al consumir suplementos de vitamina E. La &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html"&gt;vitamina E&lt;/a&gt; puede interferir con la manera en que la vitamina K se procesa en el cuerpo. Hable con su proveedor de salud para que le aconseje sobre el consumo de estas vitaminas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay diferentes tipos de vitamina K. La mayoría de las personas consume vitamina K a través de las verduras de hojas y las bayas de color oscuro. Las bacterias en su intestino también producen pequeñas cantidades de vitamina K.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html" id="5388" language="English">Vitamin K</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<site title="Anticoagulantes y la vitamina K" url="https://www.stjude.org/content/dam/es_US/shared/www/do-you-know-spanish/nutrition-anticoagulant-k-spa.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor II (protombina)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003674.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003674.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor IX" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003679.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003679.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor VII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003676.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003676.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Análisis del factor X" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003680.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003680.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carencia de vitamina K" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-nutricionales/vitaminas/carencia-de-vitamina-k">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencias poco comunes de factores de la coagulación" url="https://elearning.wfh.org/es/centros-de-aprendizaje/deficiencias-poco-comunes-de-factores-de-la-coagulacion/" language-mapped-url="https://elearning.wfh.org/elearning-centres/rare-clotting-factor-deficiencies/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Federación Mundial de Hemofilia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preguntas frecuentes acerca de los sangrados por deficiencia de vitamina K" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/es/faq/preguntas-frecuentes-acerca-de-los-sangrados-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-k.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado por deficiencia de vitamina K en recién nacidos" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007320.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007320.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina K" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002407.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002407.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las vitaminas son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse en forma normal. Cada vitamina tiene funciones específicas. " title="Vitaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las vitaminas son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. Su cuerpo necesita 13 vitaminas. Estas son:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html"&gt;Vitamina A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;Vitaminas B&lt;/a&gt; (tiamina, riboflavina, niacina, ácido pantoténico, biotina, vitamina B-6, vitamina B-12 y folato o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html"&gt;Vitamina C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html"&gt;Vitamina D&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html"&gt;Vitamina E&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html"&gt;Vitamina K&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Por lo general, las vitaminas provienen de los alimentos que consume. El cuerpo también puede producir vitaminas D y K. Las personas que llevan una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vegetariandiet.html"&gt;dieta vegetariana&lt;/a&gt;  pueden necesitar un suplemento de vitamina B12. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cada vitamina tiene funciones específicas. Si tiene bajos niveles de determinadas vitaminas, puede tener problemas de salud. Por ejemplo, si no recibe suficiente vitamina C, podría desarrollar anemia. Algunas vitaminas pueden ayudar a prevenir los problemas médicos. La vitamina A previene la ceguera nocturna.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mejor manera de obtener suficientes vitaminas es mantener una dieta balanceada con alimentos variados. En algunos casos, es posible que se necesite un multivitamínico diario. Es una buena idea hablar con su proveedor de salud al respecto. Altas dosis de algunas vitaminas pueden ocasionar problemas.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456" language="English">Vitamins</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html" id="1751">Antioxidantes</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html" id="2781">Calcio</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html" id="1951">Medicina herbaria</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html" id="4299">Minerales en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html" id="2058">Nutrición</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html" id="3539">Suplementos en la dieta</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html" id="5374">Vitamina A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html" id="5381">Vitamina C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html" id="5384">Vitamina D</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html" id="5386">Vitamina E</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html" id="5389">Vitamina K</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html" id="5377">Vitaminas B</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" id="1907">Ácido fólico</related-topic>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitaminas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejemplos de las interacciones de suplementos dietéticos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejemplos-de-las-interacciones-de-suplementos-dieteticos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/drug-nutrient-interactions-and-drug-supplement-interactions-examples-of-dietary-supplement-interactions/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/vitamin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/vitamin.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002399.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas prenatales: Por qué son importantes y cómo elegirlas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-vitamins/art-20046945?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-vitamins/art-20046945?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y minerales" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vitamins-minerals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vitamins-minerals.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y minerales: Cómo obtener lo que usted necesita" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vitaminas-y-minerales-como-obtener-lo-que-usted-necesita/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/vitamins-and-minerals-how-to-get-what-you-need/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas y otros nutrientes durante el embarazo" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/embarazo/vitaminas-y-otros-nutrientes-durante-el-embarazo.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/vitamins-and-other-nutrients-during-pregnancy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitaminas: Cómo actúan y dónde conseguirlas" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/vitaminas/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está bien que tome vitaminas prenatales si no estoy embarazada ni tengo planes de quedarme embarazada?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/prenatal-vitamins/faq-20057922?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/prenatal-vitamins/faq-20057922?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Pueden ayudar las vitaminas a prevenir los ataques cardíacos?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/faq-20058253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/FAQ-20058253?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las vitaminas B ayudan al proceso para obtener energía de los alimentos que consume. La falta de vitamina B6 y  B12 puede causar anemia. " title="Vitaminas B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html" id="5377" language="Spanish" date-created="03/30/2010">
<also-called>Vitaminas del complejo B</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html"&gt;vitaminas&lt;/a&gt; son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. Las vitaminas B son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B1 (tiamina)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B2 (riboflavina)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B3 (niacina)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B5 (ácido pantoténico)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B6&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B7 (biotina)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B12&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html"&gt;Ácido fólico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Estas vitaminas ayudan al proceso que hace su cuerpo para obtener energía de la comida que usted consume.
También ayudan a formar glóbulos rojos. Usted puede obtener vitaminas B en las proteínas como pescado, pollo, carne de res, huevos y productos lácteos. Los vegetales de hojas verdes, frijoles y judías también tienen vitaminas B. A algunos cereales y panes también se les ha agregado vitaminas B.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Si usted sufre una deficiencia de vitaminas B, puede sufrir enfermedades. La falta de las vitaminas B12 o B 6 puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html"&gt;anemia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html" id="5376" language="English">B Vitamins</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" id="1907">Ácido fólico</related-topic>
<site title="Acido pantoténico y biotina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002410.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002410.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia perniciosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000569.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000569.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitamina B12" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-por-deficiencia-de-vitamina-b12" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitamina B12" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000574.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000574.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de vitaminas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beriberi" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000339.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Degeneración combinada subaguda" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000723.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000723.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de Schilling" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003572.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003572.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de ácido metilmalónico en la sangre" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003565.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003565.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002409.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002409.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacina mejora los niveles de colesterol" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/art-20046208?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/niacin/ART-20046208?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Niacina para el colesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000788.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Nivel de vitamina B12" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003705.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003705.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelagra" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000342.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000342.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de homocisteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-homocisteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/homocysteine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-b/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-b-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de ácido metilmalónico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-metilmalonico/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/methylmalonic-acid-mma-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Riboflavina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002411.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002411.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Riboflavina" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiamina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002401.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002401.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tiamina" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thiamin-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thiamin-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B-12 y depresión: ¿Están relacionadas?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/vitamin-b12-and-depression/faq-20058077?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/expert-answers/vitamin-b12-and-depression/FAQ-20058077?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B12" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B12" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002403.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002403.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B12" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/vitamina-b12/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B6" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002402.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002402.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamina B6" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido pantoténico" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/PantothenicAcid-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/PantothenicAcid-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs; Each has specific jobs." title="Vitamins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html" id="456" language="English" date-created="09/09/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html"&gt;Vitamin A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html"&gt;B vitamins&lt;/a&gt; (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html"&gt;folate&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html"&gt;Vitamin C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;Vitamin D&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html"&gt;Vitamin E&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html"&gt;Vitamin K&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can usually get all your vitamins from the foods you eat. Your body can also make vitamins D and K. People who eat a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vegetariandiet.html"&gt;vegetarian diet &lt;/a&gt;may need to take a vitamin B12 supplement. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each vitamin has specific jobs. If you have low levels of certain vitamins, you may  get health problems. For example, if you don't get enough vitamin C, you could become anemic. Some vitamins may help prevent medical problems. Vitamin A prevents night blindness.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The best way to get enough vitamins is to eat a balanced diet with a variety of foods. In some cases, you may need to take vitamin supplements.  It's a good idea to ask your health care provider first.  High doses of some vitamins can cause problems.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223" language="Spanish">Vitaminas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014815">Vitamins</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000627">therapeutic use</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018977">Micronutrients</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000627">therapeutic use</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Dietary Supplements</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html" id="1590">Antioxidants</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html" id="5376">B Vitamins</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html" id="2780">Calcium</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html" id="3538">Dietary Supplements</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" id="1611">Folic Acid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html" id="1246">Herbal Medicine</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html" id="4298">Minerals</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html" id="5373">Vitamin A</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html" id="5380">Vitamin C</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html" id="5383">Vitamin D</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html" id="5385">Vitamin E</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html" id="5388">Vitamin K</related-topic>
<site title="Can Vitamins Help Prevent a Heart Attack?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/FAQ-20058253?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/prevent-heart-attack/faq-20058253?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Micronutrients" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=micronutrients&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitamins" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=vitamins&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Vitamins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/vitaminsdefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)" url="https://dsld.od.nih.gov/dsld/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Food and Nutrition Information Center" url="https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Food and Nutrition Information Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foods for Eye Health" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/5-top-foods-for-eye-health">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Vitamins: OK for Women Who Aren't Pregnant?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/prenatal-vitamins/faq-20057922?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/prenatal-vitamins/faq-20057922?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prenatal Vitamins: Why They Matter, How to Choose" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-vitamins/art-20046945?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-vitamins/art-20046945?p=1">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitamins%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Micronutrients%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Fact Sheets" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-VitaminsMinerals/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitamin Deficiency Anemia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/vitamin.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/vitamin.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002399.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002399.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Minerals" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vitamins-minerals.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vitamins-minerals.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitamins and Minerals: How to Get What You Need" url="https://familydoctor.org/vitamins-and-minerals-how-to-get-what-you-need/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/vitaminas-y-minerales-como-obtener-lo-que-usted-necesita/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vitiligo causes white patches on your skin. It occurs when the cells that give your skin its color are destroyed. Learn about possible treatments." title="Vitiligo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitiligo.html" id="1306" language="English" date-created="06/15/2000">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Vitiligo causes white patches on your skin. It can also affect your eyes, mouth, and nose.  It occurs when the cells that give your skin its color are destroyed. No one knows what destroys them. It is more common in people with autoimmune diseases, and it might run in families. It usually starts before age 40.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The white patches are more common where your skin is exposed to the sun. In some cases, the patches spread. Vitiligo can cause your hair to gray early. If you have dark skin, you may lose color inside your mouth.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Using sunscreen will help protect your skin, and cosmetics can cover up the patches. Treatments for vitiligo include medicines, light therapy, and surgery. Not every treatment is right for everyone. Many have side effects. Some take a long time. Some do not always work.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitiligo.html" id="2224" language="Spanish">Vitiligo</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014820">Vitiligo</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitiligo.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html" id="406">Skin Pigmentation Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Society for Dermatologic Surgery" url="https://www.asds.net/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vitiligo" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vitiligo%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologic Surgeon" url="https://www.asds.net/find-a-dermatologic-surgeon/advanced/true">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Micropigmentation for Vitiligo" url="https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/micropigmentation/migropigmentation-for-vitiligo">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Dermatologic Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Patchy Skin: Vitiligo Explained" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/03/patchy-skin" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/piel-con-manchas">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vitiligo%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vitiligo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vitiligo.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000831.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/vitiligo?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/vitiligo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/vitiligo">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo" url="https://www.aocd.org/page/Vitiligo?">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Osteopathic College of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vitiligo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vitiligo.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/vitiligo">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El vitiligo causa manchas blancas en la piel. Ocurre cuando se destruyen las células que entregan color a la piel. Entérese sobre posibles tratamientos. " title="Vitiligo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitiligo.html" id="2224" language="Spanish" date-created="11/14/2005">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El vitiligo causa manchas blancas en la piel. También afecta sus ojos, boca y nariz. Ocurre cuando se destruyen las células que dan color a la piel. No se conoce la causa de la destrucción celular. Es más común entre las personas con enfermedades autoinmunes y puede tener una tendencia familiar. Suele comenzar antes de los 40 años. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las manchas blancas son más comunes donde la piel está expuesta al sol. En algunos casos, las manchas se diseminan. El vitiligo puede provocar la aparición anticipada de canas. Si tiene la piel oscura, puede perder color dentro de la boca. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El uso de bloqueadores solares lo ayudará a proteger su piel y los cosméticos pueden cubrir las manchas. El tratamiento del vitiligo incluye medicinas, fototerapia y cirugía. No todos los tratamientos son adecuados para todas las personas. Muchos tienen efectos secundarios. Algunos necesitan un largo tiempo. Algunos no siempre surten efecto. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vitiligo.html" id="1306" language="English">Vitiligo</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<site title="Piel con manchas: Vitíligo explicado" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/piel-con-manchas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2021/03/patchy-skin">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000831.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000831.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitiligo/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355916?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitiligo: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vitiligo/symptoms-causes/syc-20355912?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitíligo (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/vitiligo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/vitiligo.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vitíligo (para padres)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/vitiligo.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vitiligo.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es el vitíligo?" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/informacion-de-salud/vitiligo" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/vitiligo">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si está infectado con VIH, hay muchas cosas que puede hacer para asegurarse de tener una vida más larga y saludable. Entérese aquí cómo vivir con VIH." title="Viviendo con VIH" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html" id="1729" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Vivir con VIH y sida</also-called>
<also-called>Vivir con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;¿Qué es el VIH y el sida?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html"&gt;VIH&lt;/a&gt; significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir un tipo de glóbulo blanco que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Sida significa síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Es la etapa final de la infección por VIH. No todas las personas con VIH desarrollan sida.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Existen tratamientos para el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No existe una cura para el VIH, pero hay muchos medicamentos para tratar tanto la &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html"&gt;infección por VIH&lt;/a&gt; como los problemas de salud e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html"&gt;infecciones&lt;/a&gt; (llamadas infecciones oportunistas) que la acompañan. Los medicamentos ayudan a las personas con VIH a tener una vida larga y saludable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;¿Cómo puedo vivir una vida más saludable con el VIH?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si tiene VIH, puede ayudarse a sí mismo al:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Recibir atención médica tan pronto como sepa que tiene VIH. Debe buscar un profesional de la salud que tenga experiencia en el tratamiento del VIH y sida&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tomar sus medicamentos cada día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Informar a su proveedor si tiene algún síntoma o problema de salud nuevo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenerse al día con su atención médica y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html"&gt;dental habitual&lt;/a&gt;. Esto incluye estar al día con sus &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;pruebas de detección&lt;/a&gt; y &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html"&gt;vacunas recomendadas&lt;/a&gt;. Su profesional de la salud puede indicarle cuáles necesita&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Manejar el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html"&gt;estrés&lt;/a&gt; y obtener ayuda, como grupos de apoyo, terapeutas y organizaciones de servicios sociales&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tratar de llevar un estilo de vida saludable, incluyendo:&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consumir alimentos saludables: Esto puede brindarle a su cuerpo la energía que necesita para combatir el VIH y otras infecciones. También puede ayudarle a controlar los síntomas del VIH y los &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html"&gt;efectos secundarios de los medicamentos&lt;/a&gt;. También puede mejorar la absorción de sus medicamentos contra el VIH&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;Hacer actividad física con regularidad&lt;/a&gt;: Esto puede fortalecer su cuerpo y su sistema inmunitario. También puede reducir el riesgo de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html"&gt;depresión&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Dormir lo suficiente&lt;/a&gt;: El sueño es importante para su fuerza física y salud mental&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No fumar: Las personas con VIH que fuman tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar afecciones como ciertos tipos de cáncer e infecciones. Fumar también puede interferir con sus medicamentos. Hable con su proveedor si necesita ayuda para &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html"&gt;dejar de fumar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evitar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html"&gt;beber en exceso&lt;/a&gt; o &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html"&gt;tomar drogas ilegales&lt;/a&gt;: Esto puede dañar su hígado, lo que significa que su medicamento contra el VIH podría no funcionar bien. También pueden dificultar que su cuerpo combata las infecciones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Protegerse de las infecciones oportunistas: Hable con su proveedor sobre medicamentos y vacunas que previenen ciertas infecciones oportunistas. También tenga cuidado de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html"&gt;evitar la exposición a alimentos y agua contaminados&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;También es importante reducir el riesgo de transmitir el VIH a otras personas. Debe decirles a sus parejas sexuales que tiene el VIH y usar siempre condón de látex. Si usted o su pareja es &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html"&gt;alérgica al látex&lt;/a&gt;, puede usar condones de poliuretano.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystem.html" id="22">Sistema inmunitario</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html" id="1502" language="English">Living with HIV</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html" id="4288">Medicinas para el VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kaposisarcoma.html" id="1987">Sarcoma de Kaposi</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html" id="1726">VIH</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html" id="5738">VIH en mujeres</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html" id="1728">VIH y el embarazo</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html" id="1727">VIH y las infecciones</related-topic>
<see-reference>Sida, Vivir con</see-reference>
<see-reference>VIH y sida: Viviendo con </see-reference>
<site title="Acidosis láctica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000391.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000391.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Aspectos generales de las opciones de tratamiento (linfoma relacionado con el sida)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#_45" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_45">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cifras del VIH en los EE.UU. 2021" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp-newsroom/es/factsheets/las-cifras-del-vih-en-los-ee-uu-2021.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Clinical Info (en español)" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es" language-mapped-url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para tomar el TAR a tiempo" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/consejos-para-tomar-el-tar-tiempo-siempre" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/tips-taking-your-hiv-meds-time-all-time">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cumplimiento del régimen de tratamiento del VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/cumplimiento-del-regimen-de-tratamiento-del-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-adherence">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cuándo empezar el tratamiento antirretroviral" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/cuando-empezar-el-tratamiento-antirretroviral" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/when-start-hiv-medicines">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo contarles a las personas que es VIH positivo" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/living-hiv/telling-people-you-are-hiv-positive">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cuidar su salud mental si tiene VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MentalHealth_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo encontrar servicios de tratamiento para la infección por el VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/como-encontrar-servicios-de-tratamiento-para-la-infeccion-por-el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/how-find-hiv-treatment-services">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse saludable con el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_StayHealthy_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo sobrellevar un diagnóstico de VIH" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/como-sobrellevar-un-diagnostico-de-vih/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Demencia asociada al VIH" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/enfermedades-cerebrales-medulares-y-nerviosas/delirio-y-demencia/demencia-asociada-al-vih">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la diabetes" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-diabetes" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-diabetes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos contra el VIH: Infección por el VIH y la osteoporosis" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/la-infeccion-por-el-vih-y-la-osteoporosis" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-osteoporosis">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ensayos clínicos sobre la infección por el VIH/SIDA" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/ensayos-clinicos-sobre-la-infeccion-por-el-vihsida" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-clinical-trials">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estudios clínicos</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Glosario de la Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud" url="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/es/glossary">
<information-category>Información de referencia</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Infección por VIH y el riesgo de cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-vih" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hiv-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Información general sobre el linfoma relacionado con el sida" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/linfoma/paciente/tratamiento-relacionado-sida-pdq#section/_1" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/aids-related-treatment-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mascotas y las personas viviendo con el VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/las-mascotas-y-las-personas-viviendo-con-el-vih" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/pets-and-people-living-hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Imágenes</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Medicinas para el VIH: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsmedicines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nutrición y el ejercicio cuando tiene el VIH" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/la-nutricion-y-el-ejercicio-cuando-tiene-el-vih/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Obtenga información sobre la atención médica para el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_MedicalCare_508c_0.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Personas en riesgo: Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados" url="https://espanol.foodsafety.gov/personas-en-riesgo-mgac/personas-con-el-sistema-inmunitario-debilitado" language-mapped-url="https://www.foodsafety.gov/people-at-risk/people-with-weakened-immune-systems">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos</organization>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Qué hacer después de enterarse que tiene el VIH" url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_SP_508c.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.nnlm.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/NLM_HIV_RecentlyDiagnosed_508c.pdf">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recién diagnosticado: Pasos a seguir después de un resultado positivo de la prueba del VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/recien-diagnosticado-pasos-seguir-despues-de-un-resultado-positivo-de" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/just-diagnosed-next-steps-after-testing-positive-hiv">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Seguimiento de un régimen de tratamiento del VIH: Pasos a seguir antes y después de empezar los medicamentos contra el VIH" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/seguimiento-de-un-regimen-de-tratamiento-del-vih-pasos-seguir-antes-y" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/following-hiv-treatment-regimen-steps-take-and-after-starting-hiv">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Sida y VIH: complicaciones neurológicas" url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es/trastornos/sida-y-vih-complicaciones-neurologicas" language-mapped-url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/neurological-complications-hiv">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tabaquismo y el VIH" url="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/enfermedades/tabaquismo-vih.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para la infección por el VIH: Conceptos básicos" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/tratamiento-para-la-infeccion-por-el-vih-conceptos-basicos" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/prevencion-del-riesgo/infecciones/infeccion-con-vih-sida/como-se-relacionan-vih-y-sida-con-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/infections/hiv-infection-aids/hiv-aids-and-cancer.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
<site title="VIH y el COVID-19" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-el-covid-19" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-covid-19">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y la enfermedad del corazón" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-la-enfermedad-del-corazon" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-heart-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y la enfermedad renal" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-la-enfermedad-renal" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-kidney-disease">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y la salud mental" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-la-salud-mental" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-mental-health">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS)" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-enfermedades-de-transmision-sexual-ets" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las infecciones: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsandinfections.html">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH y las inmunizaciones" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-y-las-inmunizaciones" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-immunizations">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH, el SIDA y las personas mayores" url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/vih-sida/vih-sida-personas-mayores" language-mapped-url="https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-and-older-adults">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH, la nutrición y la seguridad alimentaria" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/el-vih-la-nutricion-y-la-seguridad-alimentaria" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-nutrition-and-food-safety">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH, sida y el embarazo: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsandpregnancy.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsandpregnancy.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VIH/sida y la salud oral" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/vih-sida-y-la-salud-oral" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/hiv-aids">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué es una viremia intermitente?" url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/es/understanding-hiv/infographics/que-es-una-viremia-intermitente" language-mapped-url="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/whats-blip">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Infografía</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿En qué consiste la vida saludable? Entérese sobre alimentación saludable, prevención de enfermedades y cómo cuidar la salud en general." title="Vivir saludablemente" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html" id="2109" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Prevención de enfermedades</also-called>
<also-called>Vida saludable</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Muchos factores afectan su salud. Algunos no se pueden controlar, como la constitución genética o la edad. Pero usted puede modificar su estilo de vida. Al tomar la iniciativa hacia una vida saludable, usted ayuda a reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca, cáncer, derrame cerebral y otras enfermedades serias:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consulte a un médico para realizarse &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html"&gt;chequeos periódicos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Mantenga un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html"&gt;peso saludable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Consuma una variedad de &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html"&gt;alimentos&lt;/a&gt; sanos y limite las calorías y las grasas saturadas &lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Haga &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html"&gt;ejercicio&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Controle su &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"&gt; presión arterial&lt;/a&gt; y el &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html"&gt;colesterol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;No fume&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Tome alcohol en forma moderada o no beba&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Protéjase del &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html"&gt;exceso de sol&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html"&gt;Duerma lo suficiente&lt;/a&gt; cada día&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Procure &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html"&gt;mejorar su salud mental&lt;/a&gt;, por ejemplo, al practicar la meditación, técnicas de relajación o ser agradecido&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Para la Calidad e Investigación y Cuidado de la Salud&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html" id="1597" language="English">Healthy Living</language-mapped-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html" id="7408">Cómo mejorar la salud mental</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html" id="1942">Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="1892">Ejercicio y estado físico</related-topic>
<see-reference>Estilo de vida saludable</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mantenerse saludable</see-reference>
<see-reference>Mantenimiento de la salud</see-reference>
<see-reference>Prevenir enfermedades y mantenerse saludable</see-reference>
<see-reference>Salud, Mantenimiento de la</see-reference>
<site title="Atención preventiva en salud" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001921.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001921.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="CDC en español" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Conexión entre la mente y el cuerpo: Cómo sus emociones afectan su salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/conexion-entre-mente-y-cuerpo-como-sus-emociones-afectan-su-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/mindbody-connection-how-your-emotions-affect-your-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Consejos para familias y niños sanos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/consejos-para-familias-y-ninos-sanos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/https-familydoctor-org-tips-for-healthy-children-and-families/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crear hábitos saludables: Facilitar la toma de decisiones correctas" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/crear-habitos-saludables" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/03/creating-healthy-habits">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo cambiar sus hábitos para tener una mejor salud" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cómo mantenerse sano en el frío: Sugerencias para este invierno" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/como-mantenerse-sano-en-el-frio-sugerencias-para-este-invierno" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/cold-weather-wellness-tips-for-staying-healthy-this-season">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Envejecer saludablemente: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyaging.html">
<information-category>Personas mayores</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes médicos: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fomentando vecindarios saludables: Las comunidades afectan la salud" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/fomentando-vecindarios-saludables" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/11/nurturing-healthy-neighborhoods">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Frecuencia del examen físico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002125.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002125.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guías de salud: Salud es un estado de la mente y del cuerpo" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/guias-de-salud-salud-es-un-estado-de-la-mente-y-del-cuerpo/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/health-guides-healthy-lifestyle/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/hombre.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/healthy-men.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hombre: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/hombre50.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://archive.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/healthy-men/men-over-50.html">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hábitos saludables pueden alargar la vida" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/los-habitos-saludables-pueden-alargar-la-vida">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Estadísticas e investigación</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lo que usted puede hacer para mantener su salud" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-mantener-su-salud/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/what-you-can-do-to-maintain-your-health/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud a cualquier edad" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/mujer.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/healthy-women.html">
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Mujer: Conserve su salud después de los 50" url="https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/women50sp.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/prevention/lifestyle/women-over-50.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recomendaciones de salud para los adultos" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-adults">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Servicios preventivos para una vida sana" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/servicios-preventivos-para-una-vida-sana/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/preventive-services-healthy-living/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Transmitir hábitos saludables a sus hijos" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ninos-ensenarles-habitos-saludables-a-sus-hijos/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/kids-passing-on-healthy-habits-to-your-children/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida saludable" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002393.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002393.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vida saludable (personas con discapacidades)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/disabilityandhealth/healthyliving.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/healthyliving.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="¡Podemos!" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/espanol/acerca.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="VLDL is one of the &quot;bad&quot; types of cholesterol. Having too much can lead to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Learn how to lower your VLDL level." title="VLDL Cholesterol" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6909" language="English" date-created="03/29/2018">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html"&gt;Cholesterol&lt;/a&gt; is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But having too much cholesterol in your blood raises your risk of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html"&gt;coronary artery disease&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What is VLDL cholesterol?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;VLDL stands for very-low-density lipoprotein. Your liver makes VLDL and releases it into your bloodstream. The VLDL particles mainly carry &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html"&gt;triglycerides&lt;/a&gt;, another type of fat, to your tissues. VLDL is similar to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html"&gt;LDL cholesterol&lt;/a&gt;, but LDL mainly carries cholesterol to your tissues instead of triglycerides.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;VLDL and LDL are sometimes called "bad" cholesterols because they can contribute to the buildup of plaque in your arteries. This buildup is called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html"&gt;atherosclerosis&lt;/a&gt;. The plaque that builds up is a sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body. It can lead to coronary artery disease and other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart diseases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How do I know what my VLDL level is?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There isn't a way to directly measure your VLDL level. Instead, you will most likely get a blood test to measure your triglyceride level. The lab can use your triglyceride level to estimate what your VLDL level is. Your VLDL is about one-fifth of your triglyceride level. However, estimating your VLDL this way does not work if your triglyceride level is very high.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;h3&gt;What should my VLDL level be?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your VLDL level should be less than 30 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter). Anything higher than that puts you at risk for heart disease and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html"&gt;stroke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I lower my VLDL level?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since VLDL and triglycerides are linked, you can lower VLDL level by lowering your triglyceride level. You may be able to lower your triglycerides with a combination of losing weight, diet, and exercise. It is important to switch to healthy fats, and cut back on sugar and alcohol. Some people may also need to take medicines.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Blood, Heart and Circulation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html" id="6910" language="Spanish">Lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015243">Cholesterol, VLDL</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html" id="26">Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html" id="6811">Cholesterol Medicines</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html" id="3593">Dietary Fats</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" id="6785">HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" id="6783">LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html" id="4277">Triglycerides</related-topic>
<site title="Apolipoprotein CII" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003505.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003505.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: VLDL Cholesterol" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=VLDL+cholesterol&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dietary fats explained" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000104.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hepatic lipase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hepatic-lipase-deficiency">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Lower Cholesterol: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="VLDL Cholesterol" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cholesterol%2C+VLDL%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+and+%22last+5+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Triglyceride level" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003493.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003493.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="VLDL Cholesterol: Is It Harmful?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/vldl-cholesterol/faq-20058275?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/expert-answers/vldl-cholesterol/faq-20058275?p=1">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="VLDL test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003494.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003494.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Overusing your vocal cords can lead to various voice disorders such as polyps, nodules or sores on the cords. These signs may indicate a disorder." title="Voice Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html" id="1650" language="English" date-created="05/16/2002">
<also-called>Vocal disorders</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Voice is the sound made by air passing from your lungs through your larynx, or voice box. In your larynx are your vocal cords, two bands of muscle that vibrate to make sound. For most of us, our voices play a big part in who we are, what we do, and how we communicate. Like fingerprints, each person's voice is unique.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many things we do can injure our vocal cords. Talking too much, screaming, constantly clearing your throat, or smoking can make you hoarse. They can also lead to problems such as nodules, polyps, and sores on the vocal cords. Other causes of voice disorders include infections, upward movement of stomach acids into the throat, growths due to a virus, cancer, and diseases that paralyze the vocal cords.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Signs that your voice isn't healthy include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your voice has become hoarse or raspy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;You've lost the ability to hit some high notes when singing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your voice suddenly sounds deeper&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your throat often feels raw, achy, or strained&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It's become an effort to talk&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment for voice disorders varies depending on the cause. Most voice problems can be successfully treated when diagnosed early.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html" id="2255" language="Spanish">Trastornos de la voz</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014832">Voice Disorders</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html" id="330">Head and Neck Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html" id="594">Mouth Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html" id="409">Speech and Communication Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html" id="1660">Throat Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Laryngitis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vocal Cord Problems</see-reference>
<see-reference>Voicebox Disorders</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" url="https://www.entnet.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Botulinum toxin injection - larynx" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007637.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007637.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Laryngeal Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Laryngeal+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Laryngitis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Laryngitis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vocal Cord Dysfunction" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vocal+Cord+Dysfunction%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Voice Disorders" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Voice+Disorders%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Directory of Organizations (Deafness and Communication Disorders)" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find an ENT" url="https://www.enthealth.org/find-ent/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoarseness" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003054.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003054.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hoarseness" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hoarseness" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/ronquera">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Keep Your Voice Sound: How to Prevent and Avoid Voice Problems" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/04/keep-your-voice-sound" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/cuide-el-sonido-de-su-voz">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laryngeal nerve damage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001643.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001643.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001385.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001385.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374262?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngoscopy (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/laryngoscopy.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Laryngoscopy - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100167_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100167_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngoscopy and nasolaryngoscopy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007507.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007507.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laryngospasm: What Causes It?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/laryngospasm/FAQ-20058269?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/gerd/expert-answers/laryngospasm/faq-20058269?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learn More about Your Voice" url="https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/learn-more-about-your-voice/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Voice disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Voice+Disorders%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quick Statistics about Voice, Speech, and Language" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-voice-speech-language">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis or Laryngeal Papillomatosis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/recurrent-respiratory-papillomatosis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/papilomatosis-respiratoria-recurrente">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spasmodic Dysphonia" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/spasmodic-dysphonia" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/disfonia-espasmodica">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Spasmodic dysphonia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000753.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Taking Care of Your Voice" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/taking-care-your-voice" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/cuidando-su-voz">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Voice" url="https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/tips-for-maintaining-a-healthy-voice/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vocal Cord Dysfunction: Is it a Type of Asthma?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/FAQ-20058019?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/asthma/expert-answers/vocal-cord-dysfunction/faq-20058019?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vocal Cord Paralysis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vocal-cord-paralysis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378873?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vocal Fold Paralysis" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/vocal-fold-paralysis" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/paralisis-de-las-cuerdas-vocales">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Voice, Speech, and Language" url="https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice-speech-and-language">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What are Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) and Inspiratory Laryngeal Obstruction (ILO)?" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/vocal-cord-dysfunction.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/spanish/what-is-vocal-cord-dysfunction-vcd.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What's an Adam's Apple? (For Kids)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/adams-apple.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Al hacer erupción un volcán, el vapor, gases tóxicos y cenizas pueden dañar pulmones de niños, adultos mayores y personas con problemas respiratorios.  " title="Volcanes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html" id="4601" language="Spanish" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Un volcán es una abertura en la corteza terrestre. Cuando un volcán hace erupción, salen a la superficie terrestre rocas calientes, vapor, gases tóxicos y cenizas. Una erupción también puede causar &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html"&gt;terremotos&lt;/a&gt;, flujos de lodo e &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html"&gt;inundaciones&lt;/a&gt; repentinas, caídas de rocas y deslizamientos de tierra, lluvia ácida, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html"&gt;incendios&lt;/a&gt;, y hasta &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html"&gt;tsunamis&lt;/a&gt;.

&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El gas y las cenizas provenientes del volcán pueden lesionar los pulmones de los niños pequeños, los adultos mayores  y las personas con enfermedades respiratorias graves. Las cenizas volcánicas pueden afectar a personas que se encuentren a cientos de millas del lugar de la erupción.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante una erupción volcánica, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;plan de acción para casos de desastres&lt;/a&gt;. El estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es probable que necesite &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ayuda para superarlo&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasters.html" id="44">Desastres</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/volcanoes.html" id="4600" language="English">Volcanoes</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Datos importantes sobre la preparación para una erupción volcánica" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/volcanoes/before.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos importantes sobre las erupciones" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/volcanoes/facts.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Datos importantes sobre su protección después de una erupción volcánica" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/volcanoes/after.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deslizamientos de tierra y aludes de barro" url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/landslides.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/landslides-and-mudslides/about/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
<site title="Problemas pulmonares y esmog volcánico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007468.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volcanes" url="https://www.ready.gov/es/volcanes" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/volcanoes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volcanes" url="https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/volcanes">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Agencia de Protección Ambiental</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Cuáles son las amenazas o peligros volcánicos?" url="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs144-00/fs144-00.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs002-97/fs00297.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A volcano is a vent in the Earth's crust. Volcanic gas and ash can damage the lungs of infants, older adults, and people with respiratory illnesses." title="Volcanoes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/volcanoes.html" id="4600" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;A volcano is a vent in the Earth's crust. Hot rock, steam, poisonous gases, and ash reach the Earth's surface when a volcano erupts.  An eruption can also cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html"&gt;earthquakes&lt;/a&gt;, mudflows and flash &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html"&gt;floods&lt;/a&gt;, rock falls and landslides, acid rain, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html"&gt;fires&lt;/a&gt;, and even &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html"&gt;tsunamis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Volcanic gas and ash can damage the lungs of small infants, older adults, and people with severe respiratory illnesses.   Volcanic ash can affect people hundreds of miles away from the eruption.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety during a volcanic eruption, you can take actions to protect yourself.  You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html" id="4601" language="Spanish">Volcanes</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D018707">Volcanic Eruptions</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Natural Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lung problems and volcanic smog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007468.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007468.htm">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volcanoes" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Volcanic+Eruptions%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Volcanic Gases Can Be Harmful to Health, Vegetation, and Infrastructure" url="https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-gases-can-be-harmful-health-vegetation-and-infrastructure">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Geological Survey</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volcanoes" url="https://www.ready.gov/volcanoes" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/volcanes">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Volcanoes and Your Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/volcanoes/about/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Are Volcano Hazards?" url="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs002-97/fs00297.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs144-00/fs144-00.pdf">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Geological Survey</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare, genetic disease that causes tumors and cysts to grow in your body. " title="Von Hippel-Lindau Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vonhippellindaudisease.html" id="4361" language="English" date-created="04/19/2006">
<also-called>VHL</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare disease that causes tumors and cysts to grow in your body. They can grow in your brain and spinal cord, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands, and reproductive tract. The tumors are usually benign (non-cancerous). But some tumors, such as those in the kidney and pancreas, can become cancerous.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a genetic disease. It is inherited, which means that it is passed down from parent to child.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of VHL depend on the size and location of the tumors. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html"&gt;Headaches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Problems with &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html"&gt;walking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html"&gt;Dizziness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Weakness of the limbs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html"&gt;High blood pressure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Detecting and treating VHL early is important. Your health care provider may suspect that you have VHL if you have certain patterns of cysts and tumors. There is a genetic test for VHL. If you have it, you will need other tests, including imaging tests, to look for tumors and cysts.&lt;/p&gt;
  
&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment can vary, depending on the location and size of the tumors and cysts. It usually involves surgery. Certain tumors may be treated with radiation therapy. The goal is to treat growths while they are small and before they do permanent damage. You will need to have careful monitoring by a doctor and/or medical team familiar with the disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vonhippellindaudisease.html" id="4362" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006623">von Hippel-Lindau Disease</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vonhippellindaudisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.ninds.nih.gov/">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</primary-institute>
<see-reference>VHL</see-reference>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: von Hippel-Lindau Disease" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22von+Hippel-Lindau+Disease%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Find a Genetic Counselor" url="https://findageneticcounselor.nsgc.org">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Society of Genetic Counselors</organization>
</site>
<site title="Von Hippel-Lindau Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22von+Hippel-Lindau+Disease%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="VHL Resources" url="https://vhl.org/care-treatment/resources/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>VHL Alliance</organization>
</site>
<site title="Von Hippel-Lindau Disease" url="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7855/von-hippel-lindau-disease">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL)" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/von-hippel-lindau-disease-vhl">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/von-hippel-lindau-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What is VHL?" url="https://vhl.org/care-treatment/what-is-vhl/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>VHL Alliance</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vulvar cancer is cancer of the labia or skin of a woman's genitals. It is very rare, but treatable. Having HPV is a risk factor. Get more details here." title="Vulvar Cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html" id="1701" language="English" date-created="07/10/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer. It forms in a woman's external genitals, called the vulva. The cancer usually grows slowly over several years. First, precancerous cells grow on vulvar skin. This is called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or dysplasia. Not all VIN cases turn into cancer, but it is best to treat it early.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Often, vulvar cancer doesn't cause symptoms at first. However, see your doctor for testing if you notice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lump in the vulva&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vulvar itching or tenderness&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Bleeding that is not your period&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Changes in the vulvar skin, such as color changes or growths that look like a wart or ulcer&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;You are at greater risk if you've had a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;human papillomavirus&lt;/a&gt; (HPV) infection or have a history of genital warts. Your health care provider diagnoses vulvar cancer with a physical exam and a biopsy. Treatment varies, depending on your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or biologic therapy. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html" id="2275" language="Spanish">Cáncer de vulva</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014846">Vulvar Neoplasms</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html" id="494">Vaginal Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451">Vaginal Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvardisorders.html" id="4550">Vulvar Disorders</related-topic>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Vulvar Cancer Be Prevented?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vulvar-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cancer Stat Facts: Vulvar Cancer" url="https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/vulva.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vulvar Neoplasms" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vulvar+Neoplasms%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Vulvar Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/vulvar">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fertility and Sexual Side Effects in People with Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/fertility-and-sexual-side-effects.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/efectos-secundarios-sobre-la-fertilidad-y-la-sexualidad.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Key Statistics for Vulvar Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vulvar-cancer/about/key-statistics.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Living as a Vulvar Cancer Survivor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vulvar-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic radiation - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000059.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvar Cancer" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vulvar+Neoplasms%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Vulvar Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vulvar-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/talking-with-doctor.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Factors for Vulvar Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vulvar-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/symptoms/index.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Vulvar Cancer" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/vulvar-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal and Vulvar Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vagvulv_facts.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/cancer/vagvulv/pdf/vaginal_vulvar_facts_sp.pdf">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vulva Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9472">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vulvar cancer" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000902.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000902.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvar Cancer" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/vulvar-cancer/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/cancer-vulvar-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvar Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - Patient Version" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/patient/vulvar-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/vulva/paciente/tratamiento-vulva-pdq#_1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Vulvar disorders are conditions that affect the health of a woman's genitals such as pain, skin conditions, infections or cancer. Find out more." title="Vulvar Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvardisorders.html" id="4550" language="English" date-created="11/13/2007">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;The vulva is the external part of a woman's genitals. Some problems you can have with the vulvar area include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html"&gt;Vaginitis&lt;/a&gt; or vulvovaginitis, swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Skin problems due to allergy &lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html"&gt;Vulvar cancer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;li&gt;Vulvodynia, or vulvar pain&lt;/li&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms may include redness, itching, pain, or cracks in the skin. Treatment depends on the cause.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvardisorders.html" id="4551" language="Spanish">Enfermedades de la vulva</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014845">Vulvar Diseases</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvardisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://orwh.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Research on Women's Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" id="400">Sexually Transmitted Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html" id="451">Vaginal Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html" id="6417">Vaginitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html" id="1701">Vulvar Cancer</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html" id="1255">Yeast Infections</related-topic>
<see-reference>Vulvodynia</see-reference>
<site title="About Vulvodynia" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vulvodynia/conditioninfo" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/vulvodynia/informacion">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="About Vulvodynia: Diagnosis" url="https://www.nva.org/what-is-vulvodynia/diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Vulvodynia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vulvar Diseases" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vulvar+Diseases%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Vulvodynia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Vulvodynia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Labial Adhesions: A Guide for Parents" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/parents/labial-adhesions-parent/?printme">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lichen Sclerosus" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/lichen-sclerosus/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvar Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vulvar+Diseases%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Self-Help Tips (for Vulvar Pain)" url="https://www.nva.org/for-patients/self-help-tips/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Vulvodynia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal itching and discharge - child" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003159.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003159.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulva Anatomy" url="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9472">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vulvar Care" url="https://www.midwife.org/ACNM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000002192/Vulvar%20Care.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American College of Nurse-Midwives</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vulvodynia" url="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vulvodynia">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Vulvodynia" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vulvodynia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353423?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvodynia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007699.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007699.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvodynia Treatments" url="https://www.nva.org/what-is-vulvodynia/treatment/">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Vulvodynia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvovaginitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000897.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000897.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Causes Vulvodynia?" url="https://www.nva.org/what-is-vulvodynia/what-causes-vulvodynia/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Vulvodynia Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection (Vaginal)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las várices son venas que se inflaman y pueden ser de un color morado o azul oscuro. Entérese sobre síntomas, tratamiento y prevención.  " title="Várices" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html" id="2217" language="Spanish" date-created="08/19/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las venas varicosas son venas hinchadas y retorcidas que  pueden verse justo debajo de la piel. Por lo general ocurren en las piernas, pero también se pueden formar en otras partes del cuerpo. Las &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html"&gt;hemorroides&lt;/a&gt; son un tipo de vena varicosa.&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Sus venas tienen válvulas que ayudan a mantener la sangre fluyendo en una sola dirección hacia su corazón. Si las válvulas están débiles o dañadas, la sangre puede detenerse y acumularse en las venas. Esto hace que las venas se hinchen, lo que puede conducir a venas varicosas.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Las várices son muy comunes. Usted está en mayor riesgo si es mayor, mujer, tiene obesidad, no hace ejercicio o tiene antecedentes familiares de venas varicosas. También pueden ser más comunes durante el embarazo.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Los médicos a menudo diagnostican las várices con un examen físico. A veces es posible que necesite pruebas adicionales.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hacer ejercicio, perder peso, elevar las piernas al descansar y no cruzarlas al sentarse puede ayudar a evitar que las várices empeoren. El uso de ropa suelta y evitar largos períodos de pie también puede ayudar. Si las várices son dolorosas o no le gusta su apariencia, su médico puede recomendar procedimientos para extirparlas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodheartandcirculation.html" id="7">Sangre, corazón y circulación</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html" id="540" language="English">Varicose Veins</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NHLBI">Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Varicosas</see-reference>
<see-reference>Varicosidad</see-reference>
<see-reference>Venas varicosas</see-reference>
<site title="Cuidados personales para várices y otros problemas de las venas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000615.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000615.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Embolización de varicocele" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/varicocele" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Varicocele">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Escleroterapia de las várices y venas de araña" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/sclerotherapy" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/Sclerotherapy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Extirpación de venas varicosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002952.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002952.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flebectomía de las várices" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Phlebectomy">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Insuficiencia venosa" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000203.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000203.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Medias de compresión aportan beneficios terapéuticos cuando se usan bien" url="https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/es/2017/10/24/las-medias-de-compresion-aportan-beneficios-terapeuticos-cuando-se-usan-bien/">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Telangiectasia" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003284.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento de las várices (ablación endovenosa de las várices)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/varicoseabl" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/varicoseabl">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento no invasivo de venas varicosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007395.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007395.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ultrasonido venoso (extremidades)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/venousus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venousus">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Varicocele" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001284.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001284.htm">
<information-category>Hombres</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venas abultadas: ¿Qué hacer con las várices?" url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/venas-abultadas" language-mapped-url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2019/08/bulging-veins">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Venas varicosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001109.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001109.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venas varicosas y arañas vasculares" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/varicose-veins-and-spider-veins" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/varicose-veins-and-spider-veins">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venas varicosas: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/varicose-veins/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350649?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicose-veins/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350649?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venas varicosas: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000256.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000256.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venografía" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Venography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venography">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Várices" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/varices-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/varicose-veins.printerview.all.html">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Por qué a algunas mujeres embarazadas les salen varices?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/veins.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/veins.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Mujeres</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las varices?" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/varicose-veins.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/varicose-veins.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué son las várices?" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/varices" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/varicose-veins">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="The term &quot;gait&quot; refers to how a person walks. An abnormal gait might be caused by an underlying physical condition, disease or injury. Read more here." title="Walking Problems" url="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html" id="5673" language="English" date-created="10/20/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What are walking problems?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are like most people, you walk thousands of steps each day. You walk to do your daily activities, get around, and exercise. It's something that you usually don't think about. But for those people who have a problem with walking, daily life can be more difficult.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Walking problems may cause you to:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Walk with your head and neck bent over&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Drag, drop, or shuffle your feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have irregular, jerky movements when walking&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Take smaller steps&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Waddle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Walk more slowly or stiffly&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes walking problems?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The pattern of how you walk is called your gait. Many different diseases and conditions can affect your gait and lead to problems with walking. They include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal development of the muscles or bones of your &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;legs&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html"&gt;feet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html"&gt;Arthritis&lt;/a&gt; of the hips, knees, ankles, or feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html"&gt;Cerebellar disorders&lt;/a&gt;, which are disorders of the area of the brain that controls coordination and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html"&gt;balance&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foot problems, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html"&gt;corns and calluses&lt;/a&gt;, sores, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html"&gt;warts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Infections&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Injuries, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;sprains&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html"&gt;Movement disorders&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html"&gt;Parkinson's disease&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html"&gt;Neurologic diseases&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html"&gt;multiple sclerosis&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html"&gt;peripheral nerve disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html"&gt;Vision problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is the cause of a walking problem diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will ask about your medical history and do a physical exam. This will include checking your bones and muscles and doing a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/"&gt;neurological exam&lt;/a&gt;. In some cases, you may have other tests, such as lab or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging tests&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for walking problems?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatment of walking problems depends on the cause. If the cause is a medical condition, treating that condition often improves your walking. Some common types of treatments for walking problems may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Medicines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html"&gt;Mobility aids&lt;/a&gt; such as walkers and canes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Special shoes, insoles, splints, or braces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html" id="5674" language="Spanish">Problemas para caminar</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020233">Gait Disorders, Neurologic</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020234">Gait Ataxia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D020235">Gait Apraxia</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1612">Ankle Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html" id="5953">Balance Problems</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html" id="1661">Falls</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="508">Foot Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="287">Hip Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="304">Knee Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html" id="509">Leg Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html" id="520">Movement Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Gait Abnormalities</see-reference>
<site title="Cavus Foot (High-Arched Foot)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Chronic Ankle Instability" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/chronic-ankle-instability?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gait Apraxia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gait+Apraxia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gait Ataxia" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gait+Ataxia%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gait Disorders, Neurologic" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Gait+Disorders,+Neurologic%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Developmental Dislocation (Dysplasia) of the Hip (DDH)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/developmental-dislocation-dysplasia-of-the-hip-ddh/">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Don't Ignore Your Kid's Heel Pain" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/don-t-ignore-your-kid-s-heel-pain">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Eldercare at Home: Mobility Problems" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/caregiver-guide-mobility-problems">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Equinus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/equinus?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Physical Therapist Near You" url="https://www.choosept.com/find-a-pt">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Physical Therapy Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flexible Flatfoot" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/flexible-flatfoot?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Drop Syndrome" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/foot-drop-syndrome">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Foot Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/foot-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-los-pies/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Foot Push-Up Test" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/foot-push-up-test">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gait or Walking Problems" url="https://nms2cdn.azureedge.net/cmssite/nationalmssociety/media/msnationalfiles/brochures/brochure-gaitorwalkingproblems-thebasicfacts_final.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hallux Rigidus" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="In-Toeing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gait.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/gait.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intoeing" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/intoeing/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/marcha-convergente-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/perthes-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/perthes-disease.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mobility Aids: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Out-Toeing" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/out-toeing.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/out-toeing.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prescription Custom Orthotics and Shoe Inserts" url="https://www.apma.org/Patients/FootHealth.cfm?ItemNumber=988">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>American Podiatric Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (Flatfoot)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/posterior-tibial-tendon-dysfunction/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Walking Problems" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gait+Disorders%2C+Neurologic%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Gait+Apraxia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Gait+Ataxia%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sever's Disease" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/severs-disease.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/severs-disease.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/deslizamiento-de-la-epifisis-de-la-cabeza-femoral-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tarsal Coalition" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-coalition?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="That Pain in Your Back Could Be Linked to Your Feet" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/article/that-pain-in-your-back-could-be-linked-to-your-fee">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toe Walking" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toe-walking.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/toe-walking.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Toe Walking in Children" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toe-walking/symptoms-causes/syc-20378410?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/toe-walking/symptoms-causes/syc-20378410?p=1">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Trouble Moving or Walking" url="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/movement-symptoms/trouble-moving" language-mapped-url="https://www.parkinson.org/espanol/entendiendo-parkinson/sintomas-motores/problemas-desplazarse">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Parkinson's Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Walking (Gait) Difficulties" url="https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/ms-symptoms/walking-gait-difficulties">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Multiple Sclerosis Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Walking abnormalities" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003199.htm">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Warts or verruca are skin growths caused by an infection with humanpallilloma virus or HPV. Types of warts include common, plantar, genital and flat." title="Warts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html" id="459" language="English" date-created="08/12/1999">
<also-called>Verruca</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Warts are growths on your skin caused by an infection with humanpapilloma virus, or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt;.  Types of warts include :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Common warts, which often appear on your fingers &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Plantar warts, which show up on the soles of your feet &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html"&gt;Genital warts&lt;/a&gt;, which are a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infection&lt;/a&gt; (STI)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Flat warts, which appear in places you shave frequently &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;In children, warts often go away on their own. In adults, they tend to stay. If they hurt or bother you, or if they multiply, you can remove them. Chemical skin treatments usually work. If not, various freezing, surgical and laser treatments can remove warts. &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html" id="2225" language="Spanish">Verrugas</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014860">Warts</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Plantar Warts</see-reference>
<see-reference>Verruca</see-reference>
<site title="American Academy of Dermatology" url="https://www.aad.org/?NoAds">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Warts" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Warts%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Common Wart" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/common-wart-verruca-vulgaris?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Wart" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/common-wart-verruca-vulgaris?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Common Warts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20371125?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/common-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20371125?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cryotherapy for the skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007506.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007506.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Dermatologist" url="https://find-a-derm.aad.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="First Aid: Warts" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/warts-sheet.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/warts-sheet.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flat Wart" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/flat-wart-hpv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Flat Wart" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/flat-wart-hpv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Wart" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/plantar-wart-hpv?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Wart (Verruca Plantaris)" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-wart-(verruca-plantaris)" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/plantar-wart-(verruca-plantaris)?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Plantar Warts" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warts" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Warts%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Warts" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/warts-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warts" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000885.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warts" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/warts.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warts" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/warts/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/verrugas-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Warts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wart.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/wart.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's Up with Warts?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/warts.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/warts.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Many different pollutants can harm our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. Learn how water pollution can cause plants to die and other problems." title="Water Pollution" url="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html" id="3172" language="English" date-created="03/20/2003">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;We all need clean water. People need it to grow crops and to operate factories, and for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html"&gt;drinking&lt;/a&gt; and recreation.  Fish and wildlife depend on it to survive. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many different pollutants can harm our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans.  The three most common are soil, nutrients, and bacteria. Rain washes soil into streams and rivers. The soil can kill tiny animals and fish eggs. It can clog the gills of fish and block light, causing plants to die. Nutrients, often from fertilizers, cause problems in lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. Nitrogen and phosphorus make algae grow and can turn water green. Bacteria, often from sewage spills, can pollute fresh or salt water. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can help protect your water supply:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't pour household products such as cleansers, beauty products, medicines, auto fluids, paint, and lawn care products down the drain. Take them to a hazardous waste collection site.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Throw away excess household grease (meat fats, lard, cooking oil, shortening, butter, margarine, etc.) diapers, condoms, and personal hygiene products in the garbage can.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Clean up after your pets. Pet waste contains nutrients and germs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html" id="28">Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html" id="3173" language="Spanish">Contaminación del agua</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014876">Water Pollution</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html" id="1591">Cryptosporidiosis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html" id="1435">Drinking Water</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/environmentalhealth.html" id="521">Environmental Health</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html" id="254">Foodborne Illness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/oilspills.html" id="5554">Oil Spills</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/watersafetyrecreational.html" id="1714">Water Safety (Recreational)</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pfiesteria Infections</see-reference>
<see-reference>Pollution</see-reference>
<see-reference>Septic Systems</see-reference>
<see-reference>Sewage</see-reference>
<see-reference>Waterborne Diseases</see-reference>
<site title="Acid Rain" url="https://www.epa.gov/acidrain">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Agricultural Water and Your Safety" url="https://www.cdc.gov/agricultural-water/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Basic Information and Answers to Frequent Questions about Healthy Watersheds Protection" url="https://www.epa.gov/hwp/basic-information-and-answers-frequent-questions">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Protozoan Infections" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Protozoan+Infections%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Environmental Protection Agency" url="https://www.epa.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Harmful Algal Blooms" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/algal-blooms">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Harmful Algal Blooms and Your Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/harmful-algal-blooms/about/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers/educacion">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Primer on Water Quality" url="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-027-01/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>U.S. Geological Survey</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water pollution" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Water+Pollution%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Quiz: Water and Your Health" url="https://www.girlshealth.gov/environmental/quizzes/quiz_water.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Risk Assessment" url="https://www.epa.gov/risk">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="River and Stream Pollution" url="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/pollution/water/river-stream">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Safe Water and Your Health" url="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/water-poll">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Affects Human Health at the Beach" url="https://www.epa.gov/beaches/what-affects-human-health-beach">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Playing in the water can be fun, but it can also be dangerous. Water safety can help prevent injuries and drowning. Learn how to stay safe." title="Water Safety (Recreational)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/watersafetyrecreational.html" id="1714" language="English" date-created="08/09/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Playing in the water - whether swimming, boating or diving - can be fun. It can also be dangerous, especially for children. Being safe can help prevent injuries and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drowning.html"&gt;drowning&lt;/a&gt;. To stay safe in the water:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoid alcohol when swimming or boating&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear a life jacket whenever you're in a boat&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Don't swim alone, or in bad weather&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learn &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html"&gt;CPR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Learn to swim and teach your children to swim&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Supervise your children when they are in the water&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prevent sunburns - use plenty of sunscreen&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/watersafetyrecreational.html" id="2280" language="Spanish">Seguridad en el agua (Recreación)</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D011998">Recreation</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000073678">Water Sports</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D012449">Safety</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/watersafetyrecreational.html">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html" id="6095">Barotrauma</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/drowning.html" id="218">Drowning</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safety.html" id="485">Safety</related-topic>
<see-reference>Recreational Safety</see-reference>
<site title="About Swimmer's Itch" url="https://www.cdc.gov/swimmers-itch/about/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="American College of Emergency Physicians" url="https://www.acep.org/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Emergency Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Beach Safety for Families: Safe Fun in the Sun, Sand, and Sea" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/english/safety-prevention/at-play/pages/beach-safety-for-families-safe-fun-in-the-sun-sand-and-sea.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-play/paginas/beach-safety-for-families-safe-fun-in-the-sun-sand-and-sea.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ear barotrauma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001064.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001064.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Molluscum Contagiosum in Schools, Daycares, and Pools" url="https://www.cdc.gov/molluscum-contagiosum/special-environments/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Outdoor Water Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/water-safety-outdoors.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/water-safety-outdoors.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Diarrheal Illnesses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-diarrheal-illnesses.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/esp/diarrheal-illness-esp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Hot Tub Rash" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-hot-tub-rash.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Swimmer's Ear" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-swimmers-ear.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/esp/ear-infections-esp.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing Swimming-related Illnesses" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/es/prevention/como-prevenir-las-enfermedades-relacionadas-con-la-natacion-y-la-recreacion-en-el-agua.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water Safety (Recreational)" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Water+Sports%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%28+%22Safety%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Recreation%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+%29+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Risky Drinking Can Put a Chill on Your Summer Fun" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/risky-drinking-can-put-chill-on-your-summer-fun" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/beber-peligrosamente-puede-enfriar-la-diversion-del-verano">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Scuba Diving Safety" url="https://familydoctor.org/scuba-diving-safety/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/buceo-seguro/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Staying Safe in the Water: Guard Against Germs While Swimming" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2022/06/staying-safe-water" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/mantenerse-seguro-en-el-agua">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Swimming pool granuloma" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001357.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001357.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water Safety" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/water-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/water-safety.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Water Safety" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/water-safety.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="About two thirds of adults in the U.S. are overweight or obese. A weight control strategy can help you keep a healthy weight." title="Weight Control" url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480" language="English" date-created="12/11/1998">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;Why is weight control important?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you are struggling with your weight, you are not alone. In the United States, more than 70 percent of adults are overweight or have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;. Having this extra weight raises your risk for many health conditions, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"&gt;type 2 diabetes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html"&gt;heart disease&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html"&gt;kidney disease&lt;/a&gt;, and certain cancers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can be challenging. But a having a healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating patterns and regular physical activity, can help you lose weight. It can also lower your chance of developing weight-related health conditions.&lt;/p&gt;      

&lt;h3&gt;What factors affect weight and health?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You gain weight when you take in more calories (through food and drinks) than you use up from physical activity and daily living. But there are many different factors that can affect weight gain, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The world around you.&lt;/strong&gt; Your home, community, and workplace all may affect how you make daily lifestyle choices. For example:
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;It is often easier to find food and beverages high in calories, sugar, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html"&gt;fat&lt;/a&gt;. For instance, vending machines, cafeterias, and special events may not offer healthy, lower calorie options.&lt;/li&gt; 
  &lt;li&gt;Less healthy foods may be cheaper than healthier foods.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Many people are getting less physical activity because they are spending more time using smartphones and other devices.&lt;/li&gt;
 &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Families.&lt;/strong&gt; Overweight and obesity tend to run in families. Overweight and obesity tend to run in families. This suggests that genes may play a role in weight gain. Families may also share eating and lifestyle habits. For example, some families may often have foods and drinks that are high in calories, sugar, and fat. And some families may tend to be less active and spend more time doing things like sitting and watching TV or using computers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not enough sleep.&lt;/strong&gt; People who don't get enough sleep may eat more calories and snack more.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emotions.&lt;/strong&gt; Some people eat when they feel bored, sad, or stressed, even if they are not hungry.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medicines and health conditions.&lt;/strong&gt; Taking certain medicines, such as &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html"&gt;steroids&lt;/a&gt; and certain &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html"&gt;antidepressants&lt;/a&gt;, can lead to weight gain. Some chronic health problems can also cause you to gain weight. A few examples are &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html"&gt;Cushing's syndrome&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html"&gt;polycystic ovary syndrome&lt;/a&gt; (PCOS).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I get to and stay at a healthy weight?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Getting to and staying at a healthy weight involves finding a balance of food and activity. To lose weight, you need to take in fewer calories than you use up. Some ways to do this are:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating more nutrient-rich foods, such as foods with lots of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html"&gt;vitamins&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html"&gt;minerals&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html"&gt;fiber&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eating and drinking less of the foods and beverages that have lots of calories, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html"&gt;salt&lt;/a&gt;, sugar, and fat.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Limiting &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html"&gt;alcohol&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Finding healthier ways to cook, such as using healthier oils to cook with and baking or grilling instead of frying foods.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Getting more &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html"&gt;physical activity&lt;/a&gt;. The general recommendation is for adults to get 150 minutes of physical activity each week, including: 
  &lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Aerobic activity, which is also called cardio. It uses your large muscle groups (chest, legs, and back) to speed up your heart rate and breathing.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Muscle-strengthening activity, which is also called strength training. It works your muscles by making you push or pull against something.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may decide to do these lifestyle changes on your own, or you may decide to try a weight-loss diet or program. Before you start, it's important to check with your health care provider first. Your provider can tell you what a healthy weight is for you, help you set goals, and give you tips on how to lose weight.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If making lifestyle changes or doing a weight-loss program are not enough to help you lose weight, your provider may prescribe medicines. The prescription medicines to treat overweight and obesity work in different ways. Some may help you feel less hungry or full sooner. Others may make it harder for your body to absorb fat from the foods you eat.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another treatment is &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html"&gt;weight loss surgery&lt;/a&gt;. Your provider may recommend the surgery if you have severe obesity or serious obesity-related health problems and you have not been able to lose enough weight.&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Food and Nutrition</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html" id="2227" language="Spanish">Control de peso</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D015431">Weight Loss</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D061217">Weight Reduction Programs</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000068959">Body Weight Maintenance</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/weightcontrol.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html" id="5610">Body Weight</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html" id="4924">Diets</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html" id="237">Eating Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html" id="490">Exercise and Physical Fitness</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" id="36">Nutrition</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61">Obesity</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html" id="3302">Weight Loss Surgery</related-topic>
<see-reference>BMI</see-reference>
<site title="5 Ways to Reach a Healthy Weight" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/weight-tips.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/weight-tips.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="6 Things To Know About Dietary Supplements Marketed for Weight Loss" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/tips-know-the-facts-about-supplements-marketed-for-weight-loss">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="About Body Mass Index (BMI)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/assessing/index.html">
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<site title="About Healthy Weight and Growth" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/index.html">
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<site title="Aim for a Healthy Weight: Menus" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/menuplanner.html">
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<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/risk.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Bitter Orange" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/bitter-orange">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Body mass index" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007196.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007196.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculate Your Body Mass Index" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Calorie Counter" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/diet-physical-activity/eat-healthy/calorie-counter-calculator.html">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
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<site title="Can you boost your metabolism?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000893.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000893.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Changing Your Habits for Better Health" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diet-nutrition/changing-habits-better-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/alimentacion-nutricion/como-cambiar-sus-habitos-para-tener-una-mejor-salud">
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<site title="Choosing a Safe and Successful Weight-Loss Program" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/choosing-a-safe-successful-weight-loss-program" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/como-escoger-programa-para-adelgazar-seguro-exitoso">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Body Mass Index" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Body+Mass+Index%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Weight Loss" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22weight+loss%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Weight Reduction Programs" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Weight+Reduction+Programs%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Daily Food and Activity Diary" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/eat/diary.htm">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Definitions of Health Terms: Nutrition" url="https://medlineplus.gov/definitions/nutritiondefinitions.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Diet for rapid weight loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000885.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/pdf/factsheets/WeightLoss-Consumer.pdf">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20046409?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20046409?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
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<site title="Diets: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html">
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<site title="Ephedra" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ephedra">
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<site title="Find a Nutrition Expert" url="https://www.eatright.org/find-a-nutrition-expert">
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</site>
<site title="Food Portions: Choosing Just Enough for You" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/just-enough-food-portions" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/cuanto-debo-comer">
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<site title="Guide to Behavior Change" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/behavior.htm">
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<site title="Guide to Physical Activity" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/phy_act.htm">
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Health Tips for Adults" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/healthy-eating-physical-activity-for-life/health-tips-for-adults" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/alimentacion-saludable-actividad-fisica-vida/adultos">
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<site title="Healthy habits for weight loss" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000733.htm">
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<site title="Hoodia" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/hoodia">
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<site title="How to Handle Food Cravings" url="https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/healthful-habits/how-to-handle-food-cravings">
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<site title="Keeping Portions Under Control (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/portions.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/portions.html">
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<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
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<site title="Losing weight after pregnancy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000586.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000586.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Metabolism and Weight Loss: How You Burn Calories" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/metabolism/art-20046508?p=1">
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<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
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<site title="Nutrition: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">
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<site title="Obesity and Cancer" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/risk-factors/obesity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/risk-factors/obesity.html">
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<site title="Prescription Medications to Treat Overweight &amp; Obesity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/prescription-medications-treat-overweight-obesity" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/medicamentos-recetados-tratar-sobrepeso-obesidad">
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<site title="Weight Control" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Weight+Reduction+Programs%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Body+Weight+Maintenance%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Weight+Loss%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
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<site title="Selecting a Weight-Loss Program" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/wtl_prog.htm">
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<site title="Snacks for adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000338.htm">
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<site title="Some Myths about Nutrition and Physical Activity" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/myths-nutrition-physical-activity" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/nutricion-perdida-peso-mitos-verdades">
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<site title="Take Charge of Your Health: A Guide for Teenagers" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/take-charge-health-guide-teenagers" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/control-de-peso/hazte-cargo-salud">
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<site title="Test Your Knowledge About Healthy Eating" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/quiz/000330_25.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/quiz/000330_86.htm">
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<site title="The Reality of Menopause Weight Gain" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menopause-weight-gain/art-20046058?p=1">
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<site title="Tips for Cutting Calories" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/healthy-eating/cutting-calories.html">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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<site title="Tips for Maintaining Healthy Weight" url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/about/tips-for-balancing-food-activity.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/spanish/calories/index.html">
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<site title="Ways to burn more calories every day" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000894.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000894.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<site title="Weight gain after quitting smoking: What to do" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000811.htm">
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<site title="Weight Loss: 6 Strategies for Success" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20047752?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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</site>
<site title="Weight Management and Healthy Living Tips" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/community-health-outreach/healthy-living-tips">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight-loss medicines" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000346.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000346.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight-Loss: Gain Control of Emotional Eating" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss/art-20047342?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
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</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Is weight loss surgery for you? Learn about types of surgery including bariatric surgery, bypass surgery, gastric banding, and more." title="Weight Loss Surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html" id="3302" language="English" date-created="06/26/2003">
<also-called>Bariatric surgery</also-called>
<also-called>Bypass surgery</also-called>
<also-called>Gastric banding</also-called>
<also-called>Obesity surgery</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Weight loss surgery helps people with extreme &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt; to lose weight. It may be an option if you cannot lose weight through diet and exercise or have serious health problems caused by obesity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are different types of weight loss surgery.  They often limit the amount of food you can take in. Some types of surgery also affect how you digest food and absorb nutrients. All types have risks and complications, such as infections, hernias, and blood clots.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many people who have the surgery lose weight quickly, but regain some weight later on.  If you follow diet and exercise recommendations, you can keep most of the weight off. You will also need medical follow-up for the rest of your life.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgeryandrehabilitation.html" id="37">Surgery and Rehabilitation</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html" id="3303" language="Spanish">Cirugías para la obesidad</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D050110">Bariatric Surgery</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009765">Obesity</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000601">surgery</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009767">Obesity, Morbid</descriptor>
<qualifier id="Q000601">surgery</qualifier>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html" id="61">Obesity</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html" id="480">Weight Control</related-topic>
<see-reference>Bariatric Surgery</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastric Bypass</see-reference>
<see-reference>Gastroplasty</see-reference>
<see-reference>Obesity Surgery</see-reference>
<see-reference>Stomach Stapling</see-reference>
<site title="ABSMS Directory Search" url="https://asmbs.org/patients/find-a-provider/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="After weight-loss surgery - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000258.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000258.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bariatric Surgery" url="https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/bariatric-surgery" language-mapped-url="https://www.hormone.org/pacientes-y-cuidadores/cirugia-bariatrica-y-el-sistema-endocrino">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Endocrine Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bariatric Surgery Procedures" url="https://asmbs.org/patients/bariatric-surgery-procedures/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Before weight-loss surgery - what to ask your doctor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000259.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000259.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Contouring After Major Weight Loss" url="https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/body-contouring">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Plastic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Calculate Your Body Mass Index" url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm" language-mapped-url="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc_sp.htm">
<information-category>Health Check Tools</information-category>
<organization>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Bariatric Surgery" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=bariatric+surgery&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Gastric Bypass" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22gastric+bypass%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Diet after gastric banding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000334.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000334.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dieting and Gallstones" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/calculos-bilares/dieta">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dumping Syndrome" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dumping-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20371915?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Estimate of Bariatric Surgery Numbers, 2011-2021" url="https://asmbs.org/resources/estimate-of-bariatric-surgery-numbers/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="FAQs of Bariatric Surgery" url="https://asmbs.org/patients/faqs-of-bariatric-surgery/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find an Obesity Medicine Clinician" url="https://obesitymedicine.org/about/find-a-provider/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Obesity Medicine Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric Bypass Diet: What to Eat after the Surgery" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/gastric-bypass-surgery/in-depth/gastric-bypass-diet/art-20048472?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/gastric-bypass-surgery/in-depth/gastric-bypass-diet/art-20048472?p=1">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric Bypass Surgery" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bariatric-surgery/about/pac-20394258?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric bypass surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007199.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007199.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric bypass surgery - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000172.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000172.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric Bypass Surgery: Who Is It For?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/gastric-bypass-surgery/art-20046318?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/gastric-bypass-surgery/art-20046318?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gastric Sleeve Surgery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/gastric-sleeve.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gastric-sleeve.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic gastric banding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007388.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007388.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laparoscopic gastric banding - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000180.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000180.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss Surgery" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Obesity%2Fsurgery%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Obesity%2C+Morbid%2Fsurgery%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Bariatric+Surgery%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+AND+%28patient+education+handout%5Bpt%5D+OR+guideline%5Bpt%5D+OR+clinical+trial%5Bpt%5D%29++NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Vertical sleeve gastrectomy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007435.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007435.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss Surgery" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/bariatric.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight Loss Surgery: An Option for Teens?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Pages/Weight-Loss-Surgery.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/obesity/paginas/weight-loss-surgery.aspx">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Weight-Loss (Bariatric) Surgery" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/bariatric-surgery">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Your diet after gastric bypass surgery" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000173.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000173.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="West Nile Virus (WNV) is a virus spread by mosquito bites. Most people have few to no symptoms. But some have severe symptoms. Learn about prevention and treatment." title="West Nile Virus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html" id="1377" language="English" date-created="09/25/2000">
<also-called>WNV</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;West Nile virus (WNV) is an infectious disease that first appeared in the United States in 1999.  Infected mosquitoes spread the virus that causes it. People who get WNV usually have no symptoms or mild symptoms.  The symptoms include a fever, headache, body aches, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands.  They can last a few days to several weeks, and usually go away on their own.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If West Nile virus enters the brain, however, it can be life-threatening.  It may cause inflammation of the brain, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html"&gt;encephalitis&lt;/a&gt;, or inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html"&gt;meningitis&lt;/a&gt;. A physical exam, medical history, and laboratory tests can diagnose it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Older people and those with weakened immune systems are most at risk.  There are no specific vaccines or treatments for human WNV disease.  The best way to avoid WNV is to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito bites&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use insect repellent&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Get rid of mosquito breeding sites by emptying standing water from flower pots, buckets or barrels&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Stay indoors between dusk and dawn, when mosquitoes are most active&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Use screens on windows to keep mosquitoes out&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html" id="2228" language="Spanish">Virus del Nilo Occidental</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014901">West Nile Fever</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html" id="241">Encephalitis</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545">Mosquito Bites</related-topic>
<see-reference>WNV</see-reference>
<site title="About West Nile" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/esp/preguntas/genquestions_en_espanol.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: West Nile Fever" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22West+Nile+Fever%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Data and Maps for West Nile" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/data-maps/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventing West Nile" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/es/prevention/como-prevenir-la-enfermedad-por-el-virus-del-nilo-occidental.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="West Nile Virus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22West+Nile+Fever%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Tips to Prevent Mosquito Bites" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/tips-prevent-mosquito-bites">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="West Nile and Dead Birds" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/causes/west-nile-virus-dead-birds.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="West Nile and Pregnancy" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/causes/pregnancy.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="West Nile Virus" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/west-nile-virus/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/virus-del-nilo-occidental-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="West Nile virus infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007186.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007186.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="West Nile: Causes and How It Spreads" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/causes/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="West Nile: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment" url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/es/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment/enfermedad-por-el-virus-del-nilo-occidental-sintomas-diagnostico-y-tratamiento.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Whooping cough (Pertussis) is an infectious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable coughing. Learn about the vaccine, symptoms, and treatment." title="Whooping Cough" url="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html" id="461" language="English" date-created="11/10/1999">
<also-called>Pertussis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What is whooping cough?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a respiratory infection that can cause &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html"&gt;coughing&lt;/a&gt; fits. In serious cases, the coughing can become violent and rapid. You may cough so hard that you &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html"&gt;vomit&lt;/a&gt;. The name of the disease comes from the whooping noise you might make when you try to breathe in after coughing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Whooping cough is very contagious and can affect anyone. But it can be especially serious in babies who did not yet get the vaccine. About half of babies under age one who get whooping cough need care in the hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What causes whooping cough?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whooping cough is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. It spreads from person to person. People who have pertussis usually spread it through coughing, sneezing, or breathing very close to someone. It can also sometimes be spread by touching an infected surface and then touching your nose or mouth.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you get pertussis, you are contagious for about 2 weeks after you start coughing. &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html"&gt;Antibiotics&lt;/a&gt; may shorten the time that you are contagious.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of whooping cough?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of pertussis usually start within 5 to 10 days after you are exposed. But sometimes you may not get symptoms until up to 3 weeks later.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whooping cough usually starts with cold-like symptoms. They may last for 1 to 2 weeks and can include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Runny nose&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mild &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html"&gt;fever&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mild, occasional cough&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The early symptoms in babies can be different. They may only cough a little bit, or they may not cough at all. Babies may have apnea, which means that there is a pause in breathing. They may start to turn blue. If this happens, get medical care for your baby right away.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As whopping cough gets worse, the symptoms may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fits of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vomiting during or after coughing fits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Exhaustion after coughing fits
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The coughing fits get worse and start happening more often, especially at night. You may have them for up to 10 weeks or more.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Recovery from this can happen slowly. Your cough gets milder and happens less often. The coughing fits can come back if you have another respiratory infection, even months after you first got whooping cough.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How is whooping cough diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/whooping-cough-diagnosis/"&gt;diagnose whooping cough&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A lab test which involves taking a sample of mucus from the back of the throat through the nose. This may be done with a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/"&gt;swab&lt;/a&gt; or syringe filled with saline. The sample is tested for the bacteria that causes whooping cough.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood test&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Chest &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for whooping cough?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The treatment for whooping cough is usually antibiotics. Early treatment is very important. It may make your infection less serious and can also help prevent spreading the disease to others.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment after you have been sick for 3 weeks or longer may not help. The bacteria are gone from your body by then, even though you usually still have symptoms. This is because the bacteria have already done damage to your body.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Whooping cough can sometimes be very serious and require treatment in the hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can whooping cough be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html"&gt;Vaccines&lt;/a&gt; are the best way to prevent whooping cough. There are two vaccines in the United States that can help prevent whooping cough: DTaP and Tdap. These vaccines also provide protection against &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html"&gt;tetanus&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html"&gt;diphtheria&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  

&lt;p&gt;Babies and other people at high risk serious disease should be kept away from people who have whooping cough.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes health care providers give antibiotics to family members of people who have had whooping cough or people who have been exposed to it. The antibiotics may prevent them from getting the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You may also help prevent the spread of whooping cough (and other respiratory diseases) by:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html"&gt;Washing your hands&lt;/a&gt; often with soap and water. You can use an alcohol-based hand rub if soap and water are not available.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html"&gt;Cleaning and disinfecting&lt;/a&gt; surfaces that you frequently touch, including toys&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or upper shirt sleeve, not hands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Staying home when sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Avoiding close contact with people who are sick&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/childrenandteenagers.html" id="3">Children and Teenagers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/lungsandbreathing.html" id="15">Lungs and Breathing</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html" id="2229" language="Spanish">Tos ferina</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014917">Whooping Cough</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="Hmoob" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/whoopingcough.html#Hmong">Hmong</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/whoopingcough.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/whoopingcough.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/whoopingcough.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html" id="1543">Cough</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" id="6322">Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pertussis</see-reference>
<site title="About Whooping Cough (Pertussis)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/fast-facts-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Outbreaks" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/outbreaks-sp.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Whooping Cough" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Whooping+Cough%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nasal Swab" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pertussis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001561.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001561.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pertussis (Whooping Cough)" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/index-sp.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whooping Cough" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Whooping+Cough%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Symptoms of Whooping Cough" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms-sp.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tdap Vaccination for Pregnant People" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/tdap-vaccination-for-pregnant-people.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/pregnant/mom/get-vaccinated-sp.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines: MedlinePlus Health Topic" url="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Whooping Cough" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/diagnosis-treatment-sp.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaccines for Family and Caregivers" url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-pregnancy/about/vaccines-family-caregivers.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whooping Cough" url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/whooping-cough/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/tos-ferina-es/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whooping Cough (Pertussis)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/whooping-cough.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/whooping-cough.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Whooping Cough Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/whooping-cough-diagnosis/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tos-ferina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Whooping Cough Vaccination" url="https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/diseases/pertussis-sp.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Wildfires are extremely dangerous. They spread quickly and can destroy homes. Learn how to be prepared." title="Wildfires" url="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html" id="4604" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<also-called>Forest Fire</also-called>
<also-called>Wildland Fire</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Wildfires are fires that burn out of control in a natural area, like a forest, grassland, or prairie. They often begin unnoticed. They spread quickly, and can damage natural resources, destroy homes, and threaten the safety of the public and firefighters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Humans cause most wildfires. It can be an accident, like when people don't take care of their campfire properly, burn debris, or are careless when getting rid of their cigarettes. It can also be on purpose, which is called arson. Lightning and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/volcanoes.html"&gt;lava&lt;/a&gt; also can also causes wildfires. Wildfires are more common when conditions are dry. High winds can make them spread more quickly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Although there are no guarantees of safety if you live in an area threatened by a wildfire, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt;. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Federal Emergency Management Agency&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html" id="4605" language="Spanish">Incendios forestales</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000075923">Wildfires</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html">Spanish</other-language>
<site title="Avoiding Wildfire Damage: A Checklist for Homeowners" url="https://www.fema.gov/pdf/hazard/wildfire/wdfrdam.pdf">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Disaster Distress Helpline: Wildfires" url="https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline/disaster-types/wildfires">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Wildfire Smoke Affects Your Body" url="https://www.cdc.gov/wildfires/risk-factors/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/incendiosforestales/index.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Fire News -- Current Wildfires" url="https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/nfn">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Interagency Fire Center</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wildfires" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Wildfires%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety Guidelines: After a Wildfire" url="https://www.cdc.gov/wildfires/safety/how-to-safely-stay-safe-after-a-wildfire.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/wildfires/afterfire.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Safety Guidelines: Wildfires and Wildfire Smoke" url="https://www.cdc.gov/wildfires/safety/how-to-safely-stay-safe-during-a-wildfire.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="United States Fire Administration" url="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>United States Fire Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wildfires" url="https://www.ready.gov/wildfires" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/incendios-forestales">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wildfires: What Parents Need to Know" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Wildfires-Information-for-Parents.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/safety-prevention/at-home/paginas/wildfires-information-for-parents.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Wilms' Tumor (or Nephroblastoma) is a rare type of cancer that affects one or both kidneys. Find a list of symptoms and treatments associated" title="Wilms Tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilmstumor.html" id="3075" language="English" date-created="01/09/2003">
<also-called>Nephroblastoma</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Wilms tumor is a rare type of kidney cancer. It causes a tumor on one or both kidneys. It usually affects children, but can happen in adults. Having certain genetic conditions or birth defects can increase the risk of getting it. Children that are at risk should be screened for Wilms tumor every three months until they turn eight.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Symptoms include a lump in the abdomen, blood in the urine, and a fever for no reason. Tests that examine the kidney and blood are used to find the tumor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Doctors usually diagnose and remove the tumor in surgery. Other treatments include chemotherapy and radiation and biologic therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Cancer Institute&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/cancers.html" id="1">Cancers</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneysandurinarysystem.html" id="11">Kidneys and Urinary System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilmstumor.html" id="3076" language="Spanish">Tumor de Wilms</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D009396">Wilms Tumor</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilmstumor.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.cancer.gov/">National Cancer Institute</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html" id="301">Kidney Cancer</related-topic>
<see-reference>Nephroblastoma</see-reference>
<site title="After chemotherapy - discharge" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000012.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="American Cancer Society" url="https://www.cancer.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Can Wilms Tumors Be Found Early?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/wilms-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Choosing a Cancer Doctor" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/finding-care/where-to-find-cancer-care/choosing-a-cancer-doctor.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/encontrar-tratamiento/como-elegir-un-medico-y-un-hospital/como-seleccionar-a-un-medico.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Wilms Tumor" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Wilms+Tumor%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Dictionary of Cancer Terms" url="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Drugs Approved for Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Cancers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/wilms-tumor">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="General Information about Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/wilms-treatment-pdq" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-wilms-pdq">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidneys-urinary.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/kidneys-urinary.html">
<information-category>Reference Desk</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Learning about WAGR Syndrome" url="https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/WAGR-Syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Human Genome Research Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Cancer Institute" url="https://www.cancer.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="NCI - Designated Cancer Centers" url="https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/investigacion/infraestructura/centros-oncologicos">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/about/pac-20385165?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Organizations that Offer Cancer Support Services" url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://supportorgs.cancer.gov/home.aspx?lang=2">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wilms Tumor" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Wilms+Tumor%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Signs and Symptoms of Wilms Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/wilms-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Stages of Wilms Tumor" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/wilms-treatment-pdq#_29" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-wilms-pdq#_29">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tests for Wilms Tumors" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/wilms-tumor/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment Option Overview (Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors)" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/wilms-treatment-pdq#_57" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/rinon/paciente/tratamiento-wilms-pdq#_57">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="WAGR syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wagr-syndrome">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="What Are Wilms Tumors?" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/wilms-tumor/about/what-is-wilms-tumor.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wilms tumor" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001575.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001575.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wilms Tumor" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wilms.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/wilms.html">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wilms tumor: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wilms-tumor">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Wilson disease is a disorder that prevents your body from getting rid of extra copper. Too much copper can affect the liver and nervous system." title="Wilson Disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html" id="1691" language="English" date-created="06/20/2002">
<also-called>Copper storage disease</also-called>
<also-called>Hepatolenticular degeneration</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Wilson disease is a rare inherited disorder that prevents your body from getting rid of extra copper.  You need a small amount of copper from food to stay healthy. Too much copper is poisonous.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Normally, your liver releases extra copper into bile, a digestive fluid.  With Wilson disease, the copper builds up in your liver, and it releases the copper directly into your bloodstream. This can cause damage to your brain, kidneys, and eyes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Wilson disease is present at birth, but symptoms usually start between ages 5 and 35. It first attacks the liver, the central nervous system or both. The most characteristic sign is a rusty brown ring around the cornea of the eye. A physical exam and laboratory tests can diagnose it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Treatment is with drugs to remove the extra copper from your body.  You need to take medicine and follow a low-copper diet for the rest of your life. Don't eat shellfish or liver, as these foods may contain high levels of copper.  At the beginning of treatment, you'll also need to avoid chocolate, mushrooms, and nuts. Have your drinking water checked for copper content and don't take multivitamins that contain copper.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With early detection and proper treatment, you can enjoy good health.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Digestive System</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/brainandnerves.html" id="14">Brain and Nerves</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticsbirthdefects.html" id="21">Genetics/Birth Defects</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicproblems.html" id="40">Metabolic Problems</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html" id="2272" language="Spanish">Enfermedad de Wilson</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D006527">Hepatolenticular Degeneration</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Copper Storage Disease</see-reference>
<see-reference>Hepatolenticular Degeneration</see-reference>
<site title="24-hour urine copper test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003604.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003604.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ceruloplasmin blood test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003662.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003662.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ceruloplasmin Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ceruloplasmin-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-ceruloplasmina/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Hepatolenticular Degeneration" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Hepatolenticular+Degeneration%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diet and Nutrition: Copper Conscious Eating" url="https://wilsondisease.org/living-with-wilson-disease/copper-conscious-eating/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Wilson Disease Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Is Wilson Disease Diagnosed?" url="https://wilsondisease.org/do-i-have-wilson-disease/diagnosis/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Wilson Disease Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Is Wilson Disease Inherited?" url="https://wilsondisease.org/do-i-have-wilson-disease/family-genetics/">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>Wilson Disease Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kayser-Fleischer Rings" url="https://wilsondisease.org/do-i-have-wilson-disease/kayser-fleischer-rings/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Wilson Disease Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Monitoring Your Treatment" url="https://wilsondisease.org/living-with-wilson-disease/monitoring-your-treatment/">
<information-category>Living With</information-category>
<organization>Wilson Disease Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.ninds.nih.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wilson Disease" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hepatolenticular+Degeneration%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Wilson Disease" url="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/wilson-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wilson Disease" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/wilson-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wilson disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000785.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000785.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wilson Disease: Frequently Asked Questions" url="https://wilsondisease.org/news-publications/faq/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Wilson Disease Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wilson disease: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wilson-disease">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wilson's Disease" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wilsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353251?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/wilsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353251?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Winter weather emergencies can lead to health and safety challenges. Take actions to protect yourself by having a disaster plan." title="Winter Weather Emergencies" url="https://medlineplus.gov/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4608" language="English" date-created="06/25/2008">
<full-summary>&lt;h3&gt;What kinds of problems can severe winter weather cause?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Winter storms can bring extreme cold, freezing rain, snow, ice, and high winds. Staying safe and warm can be a challenge. You may have to cope with problems such as:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cold-related health problems, including &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html"&gt;frostbite&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothermia.html"&gt;hypothermia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Household fires and carbon monoxide poisoning from space heaters and fireplaces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Unsafe driving conditions from icy roads&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Power failures and loss of communication&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html"&gt;Floods&lt;/a&gt; after the snow and ice melt&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How can I prepare for a winter weather emergency?&lt;/h3&gt;
If there is a winter storm coming, there are things you can do to try to keep yourself and your loved ones safe:  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Have a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html"&gt;disaster plan&lt;/a&gt; which includes&lt;/li&gt;
       &lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Making sure that you have important phone numbers, including for your health care providers, pharmacy, and veterinarian&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Having a communication plan for your family&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Knowing how to get reliable information during the storm&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Prepare your home to keep out the cold with insulation, caulking, and weather stripping. Learn how to keep pipes from freezing.&lt;/li&gt; 
&lt;li&gt;Gather supplies in case you need to stay home for several days without power&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you plan to use your fireplace or wood stove for emergency heating, have your chimney or flue inspected each year&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Install a smoke detector and a battery-operated carbon monoxide detector&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;If you have to travel, be sure you have an emergency car kit with some basic supplies like&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;ul&gt;		
			&lt;li&gt;An ice scraper&lt;/li&gt;
		 	&lt;li&gt;A shovel&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Cat litter or sand for better tire traction &lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Water and snacks&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Extra warm clothing&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Jumper cables&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;First aid kit with any necessary medicines and a pocket knife&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;A battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Emergency flares or distress flags&lt;/li&gt;
			&lt;li&gt;Waterproof matches and a can to melt snow for water&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;/ul&gt;	
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html"&gt;ways to cope&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/disasters.html" id="44">Disasters</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/winterweatheremergencies.html" id="4609" language="Spanish">Emergencias causadas por el invierno</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D004630">Emergencies</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D003081">Cold Climate</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/winterweatheremergencies.html">Spanish</other-language>
<see-reference>Cold (Temperature)</see-reference>
<see-reference>Natural Disasters</see-reference>
<site title="DisasterAssistance.gov" url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.disasterassistance.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="How Do I Keep My Children Safe and Warm during Winter Power Outages?" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/ask-the-pediatrician/Pages/warm-when-the-power-goes-out.aspx">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hypothermia and Frostbite: Easier to Develop Than You Might Think" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/hypothermia-and-frostbite-easier-to-develop-than-you-might-think" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/hipotermia-y-congelacion">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Weather Service: Watch, Warning, Advisory Display" url="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preparing for a Winter Storm" url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/safety/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/winter/beforestorm/preparehome.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Winter Weather Emergencies" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Emergencies%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+%22Cold+Climate%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Safety Guidelines: During &amp; After a Winter Storm" url="https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/safety/stay-safe-during-after-a-winter-storm-safety.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/winter/duringstorm/indoorsafety.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Snowstorms and Extreme Cold" url="https://www.ready.gov/winter-weather" language-mapped-url="https://www.ready.gov/es/invierno">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Department of Homeland Security</organization>
</site>
<site title="Winter Storm Safety" url="https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/winter-storm.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja/obtener-ayuda/tipos-de-emergencias/tormenta-invernal.html">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Winter Weather" url="https://www.osha.gov/winter-weather">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Women have unique health issues throughout their lives. Preventive care and screening tests can help lower the risk of certain diseases, detect problems early, and improve outcomes." title="Women's Health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealth.html" id="462" language="English" date-created="09/09/1999">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Women have unique health issues. And some of the health issues that affect both men and women can affect women differently.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Unique issues include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html"&gt;pregnancy&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;menopause&lt;/a&gt;, and conditions of the female organs. Women can have a healthy pregnancy by getting early and regular &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html"&gt;prenatal care&lt;/a&gt;. They should also get recommended breast cancer, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;cervical cancer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html"&gt;bone density&lt;/a&gt; screenings.&lt;/p&gt; 

&lt;p&gt;Women and men also have many of the same health problems. But these problems can affect women differently. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women are more likely to die following a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html"&gt;heart attack&lt;/a&gt; than men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women are more likely to show signs of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html"&gt;anxiety&lt;/a&gt; than men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The effects of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs) can be more serious in women&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt; affects more women than men&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women are more likely to have &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html"&gt;urinary tract problems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/populationgroups.html" id="33">Population Groups</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealth.html" id="2230" language="Spanish">Salud de las mujeres</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016387">Women's Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Bangla /  বাংলা" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Bengali">Bengali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Kreyol ayisyen" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="polski" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Polish">Polish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="português" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Portuguese">Portuguese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealth.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Wikang Tagalog" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Tagalog">Tagalog</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="اردو" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Urdu">Urdu</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealth.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://orwh.od.nih.gov/">NIH Office of Research on Women's Health</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html" id="474">Breast Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html" id="4212">Heart Disease in Women</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html" id="62">Menopause</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html" id="368">Pregnancy</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html" id="39">Reproductive Hazards</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html" id="1423">Sexual Problems in Women</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html" id="477">Uterine Diseases</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5321">Women's Health Checkup</related-topic>
<site title="A-Z Health Topics" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="AMA DoctorFinder" url="https://find-doctor.ama-assn.org">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Medical Association</organization>
</site>
<site title="Body Image and Mental Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/body-image-and-mental-health/body-image">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Women's Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Women's+Health%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Excessive or unwanted hair in women" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007622.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007622.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Women's Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/womens-health.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gynecologic Cancer Awareness" url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/gynecologic-cancer.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/gynecologic-cancer.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Eating" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Living by Age" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Heart Health for Women" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/heart-health-women" language-mapped-url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/salud-cardiaca-heart-health">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Find Find an Ob-Gyn" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/find-an-ob-gyn">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Menopause" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health-topics/menopause">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institutes of Health, Office of Research on Women's Health" url="https://orwh.od.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health, Office of Research on Women's Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Preventive Care Benefits for Women" url="https://www.healthcare.gov/preventive-care-women/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cuidadodesalud.gov/es/preventive-care-women/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women's health issues" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Women%27s+Health%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Sex and Gender: How Being Male or Female Can Affect Your Health" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2016/05/sex-gender" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/sexo-y-genero">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Stroke" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/stroke" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke/stroke">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tips for Good Health in Later Life for Older Women" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-good-health-later-life-older-women">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vulvovaginal Health" url="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vulvovaginal-health" language-mapped-url="https://www.acog.org/Patients/Search-Patient-Education-Pamphlets-Spanish/Files/La-salud-vulvovaginal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women and Alcohol" url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/women-and-alcohol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/las-mujeres-y-el-alcohol">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women's health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007458.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women's Health Topics" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/womens-health/womens-health-topics">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Women's health checkup exams and screenings may include a pelvic exam, pap test, mammogram, clinical breast exam and testing for HPV. " title="Women's Health Checkup" url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5321" language="English" date-created="01/04/2010">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Regular checkups with your health care provider are different from appointments for sickness or injury. Your checkups, which are also called well-woman exams, include physical exams as well as preventive care. They can help find health problems early, when they may be easier to treat.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;Your checkup will include &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html"&gt;screenings&lt;/a&gt; for chronic diseases. As a woman, you may also get special exams and screenings, such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A pelvic exam&lt;/strong&gt; to check the health of your reproductive organs. The provider will look at your vulva, vagina, and cervix. They will also do an internal exam to feel the size and shape of your internal organs such as the uterus and ovaries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html"&gt;cervical cancer screening&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which uses a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/"&gt;Pap test&lt;/a&gt;, an &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/"&gt;HPV test&lt;/a&gt;, or both. The tests can help prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html"&gt;cervical cancer&lt;/a&gt;. A Pap test checks for cervical cancer and for abnormal cells that could turn into cancer. An HPV test looks for the types of &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html"&gt;HPV&lt;/a&gt; which can cause cervical cancer. For both tests, your provider will take a sample of cells from the surface of your cervix and send them to a lab to be examined under a microscope.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A clinical breast exam&lt;/strong&gt; to check for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html"&gt;breast cancer&lt;/a&gt;. The provider will feel and look at your breasts and armpit area for lumps or other changes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Which tests you get and how often you need them will depend on your age, overall health, and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html"&gt;family health history&lt;/a&gt;. In some cases, your provider may also recommend other tests as well. For example, if you have a family history of certain cancers, your provider may recommend &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html"&gt;genetic testing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During your checkup, you and your provider may also talk about other issues, such as:&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html"&gt;Birth control&lt;/a&gt; or family planning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html"&gt;Menopause&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Menstrual concerns&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html"&gt;Sexually transmitted infections&lt;/a&gt; (STIs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html"&gt;Vaccines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Your overall health, including suggestions on how to have a healthy lifestyle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To make the most of your next checkup, bring a list of any questions or concerns you have, so you can talk about them with your provider.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/women.html" id="4">Women</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Wellness and Lifestyle</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html" id="5322" language="Spanish">Chequeo médico de la mujer</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D016387">Women's Health</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D010808">Physical Examination</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Tiếng Việt" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/womenshealthcheckup.html#Vietnamese">Vietnamese</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html" id="4751">Health Checkup</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealth.html" id="462">Women's Health</related-topic>
<see-reference>Pelvic Exam</see-reference>
<site title="Cervical cancer -- screening and prevention" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cervical Cancer Screening" url="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/screening" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/tipos/cuello-uterino/deteccion#section/all">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Cancer Institute</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Women's Health" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Women's+Health%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Get Your Well-Woman Visit Every Year" url="https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/healthy-living/sexual-health/get-your-well-woman-visit-every-year" language-mapped-url="https://health.gov/espanol/myhealthfinder/viviendo-sanamente/salud-sexual/realiza-tu-visita-control-mujer-sana-todos-anos">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</organization>
<standard-description>Easy-to-Read</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Gyn Checkups" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/obgyn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/gyn-checkups.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for women age 65 and older" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007463.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007463.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for women ages 18 to 39" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007462.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007462.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Health screenings for women ages 40 to 64" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007467.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007467.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Healthy Living by Age" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/healthy-living-age">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Mammograms" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/mammograms" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/mammograms">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pap and HPV tests" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pap-hpv-tests" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/pap-hpv-tests">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvic Exam" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/pelvic-exam/about/pac-20385135?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Pelvis Ultrasound" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/pelvus" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/pelvus">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Women's Health Checkup" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Physical+Examination%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+%22Women%27s+Health%22%5Bmajr%5D+AND+female+%5Bmh%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="What to Ask: Women's Health" url="https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/what-ask-womens-health">
<information-category>Older Adults</information-category>
<organization>AGS Health in Aging Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Women's health" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007458.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007458.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your Daughter's First Gynecology Visit" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/first-gyn.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/first-gyn.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Your First Pelvic Exam" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guides/pelvic-exam/" language-mapped-url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/examen-pelvico/">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Boston Children's Hospital</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Cuts, scratches, bruises, and lacerations are types of injuries of the skin or soft tissues. Find first aid tips and how to deal with accidents here." title="Wounds and Injuries" url="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html" id="3858" language="English" date-created="06/01/2004">
<also-called>Traumatic injuries</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;An injury is damage to your body. It is a general term that refers to harm caused by accidents, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html"&gt;falls&lt;/a&gt;, hits, weapons, and more. In the U.S., millions of people injure themselves every year. These injuries range from minor to life-threatening. Injuries can happen at &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html"&gt;work&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html"&gt;play&lt;/a&gt;, indoors or outdoors, driving a car, or walking across the street.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Wounds are injuries that break the skin or other body tissues.   They include cuts, scrapes, scratches, and punctured skin. They often happen because of an accident, but surgery, sutures, and stitches also cause wounds. Minor wounds usually aren't serious, but it is important to clean them. Serious and infected wounds may require &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html"&gt;first aid&lt;/a&gt; followed by a visit to your doctor. You should also seek attention if the wound is deep, you cannot close it yourself, you cannot stop the bleeding or get the dirt out, or it does not heal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Other common types of injuries include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html"&gt;Animal bites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html"&gt;Bruises&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html"&gt;Burns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html"&gt;Dislocations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html"&gt;Electrical injuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Skin, Hair and Nails</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/safetyissues.html" id="29">Safety Issues</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html" id="3859" language="Spanish">Heridas y lesiones</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014947">Wounds and Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/woundsandinjuries.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/woundsandinjuries.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/woundsandinjuries.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/woundsandinjuries.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/woundsandinjuries.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html" id="1621">Bruises</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html" id="535">Child Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html" id="6280">Electrical Injuries</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html" id="1661">Falls</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html" id="240">First Aid</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/foreignbodies.html" id="5607">Foreign Bodies</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/safety.html" id="485">Safety</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html" id="3195">Scars</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html" id="426">Surgery</related-topic>
<see-reference>Accidents</see-reference>
<see-reference>Injuries</see-reference>
<see-reference>Lacerations</see-reference>
<site title="American Red Cross" url="https://www.redcross.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.redcross.org/cruz-roja.html">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>American Red Cross</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bacteria Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Bites and Scratches (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bites.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bites.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bleeding" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000045.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000045.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Caring for Your Incision after Surgery" url="https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-your-incision-after-surgery/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/cuidado-de-las-incisiones/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Lacerations" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Lacerations%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Wounds and Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Wounds+and+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Closed suction drain with bulb" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000039.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Crush injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000024.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000024.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuts and puncture wounds" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000043.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000043.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cuts and Scrapes: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/ART-20056711?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-cuts/basics/art-20056711?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Dealing with Cuts (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/bleeding.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Diagnostic peritoneal lavage - series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100159_1.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/esp_presentations/100159_1.htm">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Electrical injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000053.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000053.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Emergency Wound Care after a Natural Disaster" url="https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/hurricanes/pdf/woundcare.pdf">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="FastStats: Accidents or Unintentional Injuries" url="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/accidental-injury.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Health Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Federal Emergency Management Agency" url="https://www.fema.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.fema.gov/es">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Federal Emergency Management Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find a Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurse in Your Area" url="https://www.wocn.org/learning-center/patient-resources/find-a-nurse/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Genital injury" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000044.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000044.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Gunshot wounds - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000737.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hemovac drain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000038.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How wounds heal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000741.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000741.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Human bites - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000736.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000736.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002375.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002375.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy/about/pac-20394380?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Internal Bleeding" url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/internal-bleeding" language-mapped-url="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos/primeros-auxilios/hemorragia-interna">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</organization>
</site>
<site title="Laceration - sutures or staples - at home" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000498.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000498.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Lacerations - liquid bandage" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000497.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Leading Causes of Death and Injury" url="https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/LeadingCauses.html">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Playground Safety Tips for Parents" url="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/40781">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wounds and Injuries" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Wounds+and+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Puncture Wounds" url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds" language-mapped-url="https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/puncture-wounds?lang=es-MX">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Puncture Wounds: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/ART-20056665?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/art-20056665?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Q&amp;A: Dr. Vance Fowler on Antibiotic Resistance" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/dr-vance-fowler-antibiotic-resistance">
<information-category>Learn More</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Researchers Uncover Clues to Why Some Wounds Don't Heal" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/newsroom/spotlight-on-research/researchers-uncover-clues-why-some-wounds-dont-heal">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Scars and Wounds" url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/scars-and-wounds.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/cicatrices-y-heridas.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>American Cancer Society</organization>
</site>
<site title="Severe Bleeding: First Aid" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/ART-20056661?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661?p=1">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Skin flaps and grafts - self-care" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000743.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000743.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="State Occupational Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities" url="https://www.bls.gov/iif/state-data.htm">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Bureau of Labor Statistics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sterile technique" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000119.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000119.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sternal exploration or closure" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007626.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical Site Infection Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/surgical-site-infections/about/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/ssi/SPAN_SSI.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical wound care - closed" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000738.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical wound care - open" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000040.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Surgical wound infection - treatment" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007645.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007645.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Suture, Surgical" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/cosmetics/surgical-suture?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="To Heal a Wound: Helping the Skin Fix Itself" url="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/10/heal-wound" language-mapped-url="https://salud.nih.gov/recursos-de-salud/nih-noticias-de-salud/curar-una-herida">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Travelers' Health: Injury and Trauma" url="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/injury-and-trauma">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System - WISQARS" url="https://wisqars.cdc.gov/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wet-to-dry dressing changes" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000315.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000315.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="What Do I Need in My First Aid Kit?" url="https://familydoctor.org/what-do-i-need-in-my-first-aid-kit/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/que-necesito-en-mi-botiquin-de-primeros-auxilios/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="What's a Scab?" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/scab.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/kids/scab.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wound care centers" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wound Drainage Culture (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wound-culture.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/wound-culture.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Wound Healing and Care" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/wounds.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/wounds.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Wrist pain can be caused by repetitive motions, injuries or other problems. Learn about various wrist disorders and injuries here.  " title="Wrist Injuries and Disorders" url="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="1657" language="English" date-created="05/22/2002">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Your wrist connects your hand to your forearm. It is not one big joint; it has several small joints. This makes it flexible and allows you to move your hand in different ways. The wrist has two big forearm bones and eight small bones known as carpals. It also has tendons and ligaments, which are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Ligaments connect bones to each other.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the types of wrist injuries and disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the more common types of wrist injuries and disorders are:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html"&gt;Carpal tunnel syndrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which happens when a nerve that runs from your forearm into your palm becomes squeezed at the wrist&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ganglion cysts&lt;/strong&gt;, which are noncancerous lumps or masses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html"&gt;Gout&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a form of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid in your joints&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;Fractures&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (broken bones)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html"&gt;Osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, the most common type of arthritis. It is caused by wear and tear of the joints.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html"&gt;Sprains and strains&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which are injuries to ligaments and injuries to muscles or tendons&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html"&gt;Tendinitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, inflammation of a tendon, usually due to overuse&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Who is at risk for wrist injuries and disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Certain things can put you at higher risk of having a wrist problem, including:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing sports, which can put you at risk for injuries and puts stress on your wrist. For example, you may fall on your outstretched hand when you are skating or snowboarding. Your wrist could be injured while doing contact sports. And other sports such as gymnastics and basketball can strain your wrists.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doing repetitive wrist motions, such as typing on a keyboard, working on an assembly line, or using power tools.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Having certain diseases. For example, &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html"&gt;rheumatoid arthritis&lt;/a&gt; can cause wrist pain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the symptoms of wrist injuries and disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The symptoms of a wrist problem can vary, depending on the problem. A common symptom is wrist pain. Some other possible symptoms include swelling, a decrease in wrist strength, and sudden numbness or tingling.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;How are wrist injuries and disorders diagnosed?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A physical exam, including checking your wrist strength and range of motion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html"&gt;x-ray&lt;/a&gt; or other &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"&gt;imaging test&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blood tests&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;What are the treatments for wrist injuries and disorders?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Treatments for wrist pain depends on the type of injury or disorder. They may include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Resting your wrist&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wearing a wrist brace or cast&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html"&gt;Pain relievers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cortisone shots&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physical therapy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Surgery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Can wrist injuries and disorders be prevented?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To try to prevent wrist problems, you can:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use wrist guards, when doing sports that put you at risk for wrist injuries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the workplace, perform stretching exercises and take frequent rest breaks. You should also pay attention to &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html"&gt;ergonomics&lt;/a&gt; to make sure that you are using the proper wrist position while working.&lt;/li&gt;  
&lt;li&gt;Make sure that you get enough &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html"&gt;calcium&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html"&gt;vitamin D&lt;/a&gt; to keep your bones strong&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/bonesjointsandmuscles.html" id="10">Bones, Joints and Muscles</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/injuriesandwounds.html" id="19">Injuries and Wounds</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="2259" language="Spanish">Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D014954">Wrist Injuries</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="العربية" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Arabic">Arabic</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="简体中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)">Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="繁體中文" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)">Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="français" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#French">French</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="हिन्दी" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Hindi">Hindi</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="日本語" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Japanese">Japanese</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="한국어" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Korean">Korean</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="नेपाली" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Nepali">Nepali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Русский" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Russian">Russian</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="Af-Soomaali " url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Somali">Somali</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html">Spanish</other-language>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/languages/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#Spanish">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niams.nih.gov/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/arminjuriesanddisorders.html" id="4329">Arm Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html" id="179">Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="506">Elbow Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="507">Hand Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html" id="505">Shoulder Injuries and Disorders</related-topic>
<see-reference>Ganglion Cyst</see-reference>
<site title="Arm MRI scan" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007358.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007358.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Arthritis of the Wrist" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/arthritis-of-the-wrist/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Bone X-Ray" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bonerad" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/bonerad">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Ganglion Cysts" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Ganglion+Cysts%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Wrist Injuries" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Wrist+Injuries%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Colles wrist fracture - aftercare" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000896.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000896.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstation: Pointer/Mouse" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/pointer-mouse">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Keyboards" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/keyboards">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Computer Workstations: Wrist/Palm Supports" url="https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/wrist-palm-support">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="De Quervain tendinitis" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000537.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="De Quervain Tenosynovitis" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/de-quervain-tenosynovitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371332?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/de-quervain-tenosynovitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371332?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="De Quervain's Tendinosis" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/de-quervains-tendinosis/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Direct Arthrography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/arthrog" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/arthrog">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Distal Radius Fractures (Broken Wrist)" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/distal-radius-fractures-broken-wrist/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fracturas-distales-del-radio-muneca-quebrada-distal-radius-fractures/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ganglion Cyst of the Wrist and Hand" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/ganglion-cyst-of-the-wrist-and-hand/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/quiste-ganglionar-de-la-muneca-y-la-mano-ganglion-cyst/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Golf Injury Prevention" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/golf-injury-prevention/">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Hand/Wrist/Arm Problems" url="https://familydoctor.org/symptom/handwristarm-problems/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://es.familydoctor.org/sintoma/problemas-de-la-mano-de-la-muneca-o-del-brazo/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Family Physicians</organization>
</site>
<site title="Kienböck's Disease" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/kienbocks-disease/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
</site>
<site title="Magnets for Pain" url="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/magnets-for-pain-what-you-need-to-know">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health" url="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/index.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Wrist Injuries and Disorders" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Wrist+Injuries%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Scaphoid Fracture of the Wrist" url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/scaphoid-fracture-of-the-wrist/" language-mapped-url="https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/es/diseases--conditions/fractura-del-hueso-escafoides-de-la-muneca-scaphoid-fracture">
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<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
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<organization>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</organization>
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<also-called>Radiography</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the inside of your body. The images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white. This is because different tissues absorb different amounts of radiation. Calcium in bones absorbs x-rays the most, so bones look white. Fat and other soft tissues absorb less and look gray. Air absorbs the least, so lungs look black.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The most familiar use of x-rays is checking for &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html"&gt;fractures&lt;/a&gt; (broken bones), but x-rays are also used in other ways. For example, chest x-rays can spot pneumonia. Mammograms use x-rays to look for breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;When you have an x-ray, you may wear a lead apron to protect certain parts of your body. The amount of radiation you get from an x-ray is small. For example, a chest x-ray gives out a radiation dose similar to the amount of radiation you're naturally exposed to from the environment over 10 days.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
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<see-reference>Radiography</see-reference>
<see-reference>Roentgen Rays</see-reference>
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<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="American College of Radiology Accredited Facility Search" url="https://www.acraccreditation.org/accredited-facility-search">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Dental x-rays" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003801.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003801.htm">
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Extremity x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003461.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003461.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Food and Drug Administration" url="https://www.fda.gov/">
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<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
<site title="Galactography (Ductography)" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/galactogram" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/galactogram">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="How to Read Your Radiology Report" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/article-read-radiology-report" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/article-read-radiology-report">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
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<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
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<site title="Hysterosalpingography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hysterosalp" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/hysterosalp">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
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<site title="Intravenous pyelogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003782.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003782.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pielografia-intravenosa-pm/">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Joint x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003810.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003810.htm">
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<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Keeping Kids Still during Exams" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/pedimmobilization.pdf">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
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<site title="Lower Extremity Radiography" url="https://www.asrt.org/docs/default-source/patientpages/lowerextremity.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Lower GI Series (Barium Enema)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/lower-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-gastrointestinal-inferior">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
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<site title="Lumbosacral spine x-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003807.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
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<site title="Lymphangiogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003798.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003798.htm">
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<site title="Medical X-Ray Imaging" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-imaging/medical-x-ray-imaging">
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<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
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<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
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<site title="Products for Security Screening of People" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/security-systems/products-security-screening-people">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
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<organization>American Society of Radiologic Technologists</organization>
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<standard-description>In English and Spanish</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI and small bowel series" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003816.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003816.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Upper GI Series" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Venogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007283.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007283.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Venography" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/venography" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/Venography">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Radiological Society of North America</organization>
<organization>American College of Radiology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Virtual Colonoscopy" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/virtual-colonoscopy" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/colonoscopia-virtual">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Voiding cystourethrogram" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003784.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003784.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-ray" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003337.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003337.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/x-ray/about/pac-20395303?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/x-ray/about/pac-20395303?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-ray - skeleton" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003381.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003381.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Abdomen (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-abdomen.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-abdomen.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Ankle" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-ankle.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-ankle.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Bone Age Study (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-bone-age.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-bone-age.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Cervical Spine (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-c-spine.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-c-spine.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Chest (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-exam-chest.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-exam-chest.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Elbow" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-exam-elbow.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Finger" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-finger.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-finger.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Foot" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-foot.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Forearm" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-forearm.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Hand" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-hand.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Hip" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-hip.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Knee" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-knee.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Leg Length" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-leg-length.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-leg-length.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Lower Leg (Tibia and Fibula)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-lower-leg.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-lower-leg.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Neck" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-neck.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-neck.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Pelvis (For Parents)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-pelvis.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-pelvis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Scoliosis" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-scoliosis.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Upper Arm (Humerus)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-humerus.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (Upper GI)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-upper-gi.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Ray Exam: Upper Leg (Femur)" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/xray-femur.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/xray-femur.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="X-Rays, Pregnancy and You" url="https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-x-ray-imaging/x-rays-pregnancy-and-you">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Food and Drug Administration</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="A yeast infection (also called candidiasis) is fungal infection that affects different body parts. Get the facts on it and associated problems." title="Yeast Infections" url="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html" id="1255" language="English" date-created="09/14/2000">
<also-called>Candidiasis</also-called>
<also-called>Moniliasis</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Candida is the scientific name for yeast. It is a fungus that lives almost everywhere, including in your body. Usually, your immune system keeps yeast under control. If you are sick or taking antibiotics, it can multiply and cause an infection. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Yeast infections affect different parts of the body in different ways:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thrush is a yeast infection that causes white patches in your mouth &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Candida esophagitis is thrush that spreads to your esophagus, the tube that takes food from your mouth to your stomach. It can make it hard or painful to swallow. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Women can get vaginal yeast infections, causing &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html"&gt;vaginitis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Yeast infections of the skin cause itching and rashes &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Yeast infections in your bloodstream can be life-threatening &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Antifungal medicines get rid of yeast infections in most people. If you have a weak immune system, treatment might be more difficult.&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthandteeth.html" id="17">Mouth and Teeth</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/femalereproductivesystem.html" id="42">Female Reproductive System</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html" id="1796" language="Spanish">Infecciones por cándida</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D002177">Candidiasis</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html" id="258">Fungal Infections</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html" id="6417">Vaginitis</related-topic>
<see-reference>Candidiasis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Moniliasis</see-reference>
<see-reference>Thrush</see-reference>
<see-reference>Vaginal Yeast Infection</see-reference>
<site title="Burning Mouth Syndrome" url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/burning-mouth" language-mapped-url="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/espanol/temas-de-salud/sindrome-boca-ardiente">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Candida auris infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007758.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007758.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candida Infection of the Bloodstream - Candidemia" url="https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/candidemia.pdf">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Thoracic Society</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Candida infection of the skin" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000880.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000880.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/candidiasis?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Candidiasis Basics" url="https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" url="https://www.cdc.gov/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Candidiasis" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Candidiasis%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Candidiasis, Oral" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Candidiasis,+Oral%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Candidiasis,+Vulvovaginal%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endocervical Gram stain" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003753.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003753.htm">
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Familial candidiasis: MedlinePlus Genetics" url="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-candidiasis">
<information-category>Genetics</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Fungal Culture Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="How to Use Vaginal Tablets, Suppositories, and Creams" url="https://www.safemedication.com/how-to-use-medication/vaginal-tablets-suppositories-and-creams">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</organization>
</site>
<site title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Find an Expert</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Oral Thrush" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/thrush.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/thrush.html">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Oral Thrush" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/symptoms-causes/syc-20353533?p=1">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Preventing the Spread of C. auris" url="https://www.cdc.gov/candida-auris/prevention/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candida-auris/es/candida-auris-qanda.html">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infections" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Candidiasis%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+1+Year%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Thrush (Oral Candidiasis) in Adults" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/adult/oral-candidiasis-thrush?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Images</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrush (Oral Candidiasis) in Children" url="https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/child/oral-candidiasis-thrush?Imiw9cApl">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>VisualDX</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrush - children and adults" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000626.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000626.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Thrush and Other Candida Infections" url="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/pages/Thrush-and-Other-Candida-Infections.aspx" language-mapped-url="https://www.healthychildren.org/spanish/health-issues/conditions/infections/paginas/thrush-and-other-candida-infections.aspx">
<information-category>Children</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Pediatrics</organization>
</site>
<site title="Tinea Versicolor" url="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/tinea-versicolor-overview?NoAds">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>American Academy of Dermatology</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal yeast infection" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001511.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001511.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Yeast Infections" url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health</organization>
</site>
<site title="Vaginal Yeast Infections" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/yeast-infections.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/yeast-infections.html">
<information-category>Teenagers</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection (Vaginal)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999?p=1">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection during Pregnancy: Over-the-Counter Treatments OK?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/FAQ-20058355?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/expert-answers/yeast-infection-during-pregnancy/faq-20058355?p=1">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection in Men: How Can I Tell if I Have One?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/FAQ-20058464?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/male-yeast-infection/expert-answers/faq-20058464?p=1">
<information-category>Men</information-category>
<organization>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research</organization>
</site>
<site title="Yeast Infection Tests" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/yeast-infection-tests/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-para-detectar-infecciones-por-candida/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Zika is a virus that is spread by mosquitoes. Most people who get the virus do not get sick. A blood test can tell if you have Zika." title="Zika Virus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html" id="6342" language="English" date-created="02/02/2016">
<also-called>Zika</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Zika is a &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt; that is spread mostly by mosquitoes. A pregnant mother can pass it to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth. It can spread through sexual contact. There have also been reports that the virus has spread through blood transfusions. There have been outbreaks of Zika virus in the United States, Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most people who get the virus do not get sick. One in five people do get symptoms, which can include a fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (&lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html"&gt;pink eye&lt;/a&gt;). Symptoms are usually mild, and start 2 to 7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;A blood test can tell whether you have the infection. There are no vaccines or medicines to treat it. Drinking lots of fluids, resting, and taking acetaminophen might help.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Zika can cause microcephaly (a serious &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html"&gt;birth defect of the brain&lt;/a&gt;) and other problems in babies whose mothers were infected while pregnant. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that pregnant women do not travel to areas where there is a Zika virus outbreak. If you do decide to travel, first talk to your doctor. You should also be careful to prevent &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html"&gt;mosquito bites&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use insect repellent&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs, and feet&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Stay in places that have air conditioning or that use window and door screens &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/infections.html" id="12">Infections</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html" id="6343" language="Spanish">Virus del Zika</language-mapped-topic>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000071244">Zika Virus</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<mesh-heading>
<descriptor id="D000071243">Zika Virus Infection</descriptor>
</mesh-heading>
<other-language vernacular-name="español" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html">Spanish</other-language>
<primary-institute url="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html" id="6545">Mosquito Bites</related-topic>
<site title="5 Things to Know About Zika and Pregnancy" url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/5-zika.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/5-zika.html">
<information-category>Women</information-category>
<organization>Nemours Foundation</organization>
</site>
<site title="About Zika Virus" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="ClinicalTrials.gov: Zika Virus" url="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Zika+Virus%22&amp;aggFilters=status:not%20rec">
<information-category>Clinical Trials</information-category>
<organization>National Institutes of Health</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Congenital Zika Syndrome and Other Birth Defects" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/czs/">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Countries and Territories at Risk for Zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Find the Repellent that is Right for You" url="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you" language-mapped-url="https://espanol.epa.gov/control-de-plagas/encuentre-el-repelente-de-insectos-adecuado">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Environmental Protection Agency</organization>
</site>
<site title="Progress against Zika" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/progress-against-zika">
<information-category>NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Protect against Mosquito Bites when Traveling" url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_508.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/MosquitoBitePreventionTravelers_ESP_508.pdf">
<information-category>Prevention and Risk Factors</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus" url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zika+Virus+Infection%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+OR+%22Zika+Virus%22%5Bmajr%3Anoexp%5D+AND+humans%5Bmh%5D+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+%22last+2+Years%22+%5Bedat%5D+NOT+%28letter%5Bpt%5D+OR+case+reports%5Bpt%5D+OR+editorial%5Bpt%5D+OR+comment%5Bpt%5D%29+AND+free+full+text%5Bsb%5D+">
<information-category>Journal Articles</information-category>
</site>
<site title="Testing for Zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/testing/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/testing/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-virus-del-zika.html">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Treatment of Zika" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/treatment/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/treatment/tratamiento-del-zika.html">
<information-category>Treatments and Therapies</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika Q&amp;A" url="https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/zika">
<information-category>Specifics</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika Symptoms and Complications" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/signs-symptoms/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/signs-symptoms/sintomas-y-complicaciones-del-zika.html">
<information-category>Symptoms</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus" url="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/zika-virus">
<information-category>Statistics and Research</information-category>
<organization>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus Disease" url="https://www.who.int/health-topics/zika-virus-disease">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika virus disease" url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007666.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007666.htm">
<information-category>Patient Handouts</information-category>
<information-category>Encyclopedia</information-category>
<organization>Medical Encyclopedia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus Fact Sheet" url="https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zika-virus" language-mapped-url="https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zika-virus">
<information-category>Start Here</information-category>
<organization>World Health Organization</organization>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus Test" url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/zika-virus-test/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-zika/">
<information-category>Diagnosis and Tests</information-category>
<organization>National Library of Medicine</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Zika Virus: Recommendations for Travelers and People Living Abroad" url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/travel/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/travel/recomendaciones-para-las-personas-que-viajan-y-las-personas-que-viven-en-el-extranjero.html">
<information-category>Related Issues</information-category>
<organization>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="¿Qué cantidad de ejercicio se debe hacer? Aquí las recomendaciones para todas las edades." title="¿Cuánto ejercicio debo hacer?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html" id="6604" language="Spanish" date-created="09/11/2017">
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Hacer ejercicio en forma regular es una de las mejores cosas que puede hacer para su salud. Tiene muchos &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html"&gt;beneficios&lt;/a&gt;, incluyendo mejorar su salud general y estado físico y bajar su riesgo de muchas enfermedades crónicas. Para obtener el mayor beneficio, las recomendaciones sobre la cantidad de ejercicio que necesita son:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Para adultos:&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Trate de hacer un total de al menos 150 minutos de actividad aeróbica de moderada intensidad o 75 minutos de alta intensidad cada semana, o una combinación de ambos:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trate de hacer esta cantidad de ejercicio durante varios días de la semana. Eso es mejor que tratar de hacer todo en sólo un par de días&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Puede que algunos días no pueda destinar períodos largos de tiempo para hacer ejercicio. Puede tratar de dividirlos en segmentos de 10 minutos o más&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Las actividades aeróbicas incluyen caminar rápido, trotar, nadar y andar en bicicleta&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ejercicio de intensidad moderada significa que usted debería poder decir algunas palabras de corrido, pero no poder cantar, por ejemplo&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Ejercicio de alta intensidad significa que, al hacer esta actividad física, usted no puede decir algunas palabras sin tener que parar para tomar aire &lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Además, haga actividades de fortalecimiento dos veces por semana:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Las actividades de fortalecimiento incluyen levantar pesas, trabajar con bandas elásticas y hacer abdominales y flexiones&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Elija actividades que trabajen todas las diferentes partes del cuerpo: Piernas, caderas, espalda, pecho, estómago, hombros y brazos. Debe repetir ejercicios para cada grupo muscular de ocho a 12 veces por sesión
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Para niños preescolares (de 3 a 5 años):&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Para ayudar a los niños preescolares con su desarrollo y crecimiento, ellos deben estar físicamente activos durante el día. &lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Esto consiste en practicar juegos estructurados y desestructurados. El juego estructurado tiene un objetivo y está dirigido por un adulto. Ejemplos incluyen practicar un deporte o un juego. El juego no estructurado es libre y creativo, como jugar en el patio de recreo. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Para niños y adolescentes:&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Deben hacer 60 minutos o más de actividad física todos los días, la mayoría de intensidad moderada:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las actividades deben variar y ser adecuadas para la edad y el desarrollo físico del niño&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las actividades aeróbicas de intensidad moderada incluyen caminar, correr, saltar, jugar en el patio, jugar al baloncesto y andar en bicicleta&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Además, deben hacer cada una de las siguientes actividades al menos tres días a la semana: Actividad aeróbica de alta intensidad, fortalecimiento muscular y fortalecimiento de los huesos:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las actividades aeróbicas de alta intensidad incluyen correr, saltar y nadar rápido&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;El ejercicio para fortalecer los músculos incluye jugar en el parque, jugar a las remolcadas, y hacer flexiones &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Las actividades de fortalecimiento óseo incluyen saltar, jugar vóleibol y trabajar con bandas elásticas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Personas mayores, mujeres embarazadas y personas con problemas crónicos de salud: &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas mayores, las mujeres embarazadas y quienes tienen problemas crónicos de salud deben consultar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre cuánto ejercicio y qué tipos de ellos pueden hacer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;Sugerencias para el ejercicio:&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las personas que están tratando de perder peso pueden necesitar hacer más ejercicio. También necesitan ajustar su dieta, para poder quemar más calorías de las que consumen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si usted no acostumbra hacer ejercicio, puede que tenga que comenzar despacio. Puede seguir agregando más actividad física lentamente. Cuanto más pueda hacer, mejor. Pero trate de no abrumarse y haga lo que pueda. Hacer un poco de ejercicio es siempre mejor que no hacer nada.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wellnessandlifestyle.html" id="27">Bienestar y estilo de vida</group>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fitnessandexercise.html" id="39">Aptitud física y ejercicio</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html" id="6603" language="English">How Much Exercise Do I Need?</language-mapped-topic>
<site title="Actividad física (ejercicio)" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/getting-active" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/getting-active">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio" url="https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/ejercicio/">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto del Corazón de Texas</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio físico" url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/ejercicio-fisico" language-mapped-url="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/physical-exercise">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud</information-category>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ejercicio: Cómo empezar" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/ejercicio-como-empezar/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/basics/015.printerview.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Muévete a tu manera" url="https://health.gov/espanol/moveyourway">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sabes que el ejercicio es bueno para ti, pero ¿sabes cuánto?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048389?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048389?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Está haciendo demasiado ejercicio?" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000807.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="¿Qué cantidad de ejercicios debe hacer el adulto promedio cada día?" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/expert-answers/exercise/faq-20057916?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Si está embarazada, es probable que haya escuchado del ácido fólico. Esta importante vitamina B es esencial para todos. Entérese el por qué.  " title="Ácido fólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html" id="1907" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Folato</also-called>
<also-called>Vitamina B9</also-called>
<also-called>Ácido pteroilglutámico</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ácido fólico es una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html"&gt;vitamina B&lt;/a&gt;. Ayuda al organismo a crear células nuevas. Todas las personas necesitan ácido fólico. Es muy importante para las mujeres en edad fértil. Obtener suficiente ácido fólico antes y durante el embarazo puede prevenir &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html"&gt;defectos&lt;/a&gt; congénitos importantes en el cerebro y la columna vertebral del bebé. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Entre los alimentos que contienen ácido fólico se encuentran:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vegetales de hojas verdes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Frutas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Guisantes secos, chícharos y nueces&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Panes enriquecidos, cereales y otros productos hechos con granos&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si no obtiene suficiente ácido fólico a través de los alimentos, puede consumirlo como &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html"&gt;suplemento dietético&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos&lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodandnutrition.html" id="26">Alimentos y nutrición</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html" id="1611" language="English">Folic Acid</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#ODS">Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html" id="2223">Vitaminas</related-topic>
<site title="Acido fólico" url="https://espanol.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/folic-acid" language-mapped-url="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/folic-acid">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU</organization>
<standard-description>Fácil de leer</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Acido fólico y usted: Batido locura de mango (receta)" url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNXMZoJacJQ">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Adición de ácido fólico a la harina de maíz puede prevenir ciertos defectos de nacimiento" url="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/articulos-para-el-consumidor-en-espanol/la-adicion-de-acido-folico-la-harina-de-maiz-puede-prevenir-ciertos-defectos-de-nacimiento">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</organization>
</site>
<site title="Anemia por deficiencia de folato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000551.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000551.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Deficiencia de folato" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000354.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000354.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen del ácido fólico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003686.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003686.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Folato" url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-DatosEnEspanol/" language-mapped-url="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-Consumer/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Folato (ácido fólico)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/drugs-supplements-folate/art-20364625?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento / March of Dimes" url="https://nacersano.marchofdimes.org/" language-mapped-url="https://www.marchofdimes.org/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes</organization>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de homocisteína" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-homocisteina/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/homocysteine-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de vitamina B" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-b/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-b-test/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico" url="https://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/resource/acido-folico/">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Asociación de Espina Bífida</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico" url="https://youngwomenshealth.org/guias/el-acido-folico/">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Hospital de Niños de Boston</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico en la dieta" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002408.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002408.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ácido fólico y el embarazo" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/folic-acid.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/preg-folic-acid.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="El ántrax o carbunco es ocasionado por una bacteria. Entérese de síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamientos." title="Ántrax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anthrax.html" id="1749" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Carbunco</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;El ántrax es una enfermedad causada por el &lt;em&gt;Bacillus anthracis&lt;/em&gt;, un microbio que vive en la tierra. Muchas personas han oído hablar de él en los ataques &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html"&gt;bioterroristas&lt;/a&gt; de 2001. En esos ataques, alguien diseminaba intencionalmente ántrax por medio del correo estadounidense. Murieron cinco personas y 22 se enfermaron. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El ántrax no es común. Afecta animales como al ganado, ovejas y cabras más que a las personas. Los humanos pueden contraer ántrax a través del contacto con animales, lana, carne o cuero infectados.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hay tres formas en que las personas se infectan con ántrax. Estas son:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Cutánea, que afecta la piel. Las personas con cortaduras o heridas abiertas pueden adquirirla si tocan las bacterias. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Por inhalación, que afecta los pulmones. Puede adquirirse si se respiran las esporas de las bacterias. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Gastrointestinal, que afecta el sistema digestivo. También por consumir alimentos infectados. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si se diagnostica anticipadamente, el tratamiento con antibióticos suele curar el ántrax. Pero muchas personas no saben que padecen de ántrax hasta que es demasiado tarde para tratarlo. Existe una vacuna para prevenir el ántrax, para las personas en el servicio militar y otros grupos de alto riesgo. &lt;/p&gt;

</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infections.html" id="12">Infecciones</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/anthrax.html" id="1565" language="English">Anthrax</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAID">Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html" id="1771">Biodefensa y bioterrorismo</related-topic>
<see-reference>Carbunco</see-reference>
<site title="Carbunco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001325.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbunco: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anthrax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356209?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Carbunco: Síntomas y causas" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/anthrax/symptoms-causes/syc-20356203?p=1">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Examen de sangre para el carbunco" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003534.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003534.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Guía básica para comprender el ántrax" url="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/82663/cdc_82663_DS1.pdf">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ántrax" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000825.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000825.htm">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Ántrax maligno (carbunco): No es algo del pasado" url="https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/nceh/especiales/antrax/" language-mapped-url="https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/treatment/index.html">
<information-category>Más información</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Las úlceras por presión son áreas de piel lesionada por permanecer en una misma posición durante mucho tiempo. Tratamiento y prevención." title="Úlcera por presión" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pressuresores.html" id="2108" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Escaras</also-called>
<also-called>Llagas por presión</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Las úlceras por presión son áreas de piel lesionada por permanecer en una misma posición durante demasiado tiempo. Comúnmente se forman donde los huesos están más cerca de la piel, como los tobillos, los talones y las caderas. El riesgo es mayor si está recluido en una cama, utiliza una silla de ruedas o no puede cambiar de posición. Las úlceras por presión pueden causar infecciones graves, algunas de las cuales pueden poner la vida en peligro. Pueden constituir un problema para las personas en los centros de cuidados especializados.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Para prevenir las úlceras:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Mantenga la piel limpia y seca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cambie de posición cada dos horas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Utilice almohadas y productos que alivien la presión&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las úlceras por presión tienen una variedad de tratamientos. Las úlceras más avanzadas se curan lentamente, de modo que lo mejor es el tratamiento anticipado.&lt;/p&gt;
</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinhairandnails.html" id="18">Piel, cabello y uñas</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pressuresores.html" id="371" language="English">Pressure Sores</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIAMS">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</primary-institute>
<see-reference>Escaras</see-reference>
<see-reference>Úlcera por decúbito</see-reference>
<site title="Cómo cuidar las úlceras de decúbito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000740.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000740.htm">
<information-category>Viviendo con...</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel" url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/es/portal-en-espanol" language-mapped-url="https://www.niams.nih.gov/">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Especialistas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prevenir las úlceras de decúbito" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000147.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000147.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Voltear a los pacientes en la cama" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000426.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000426.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Prevención y factores de riesgo</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras de decúbito (úlceras por presión)" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1" language-mapped-url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed-sores/symptoms-causes/syc-20355893?p=1">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras de decúbito: Qué preguntarle al médico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/patientinstructions/000228.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000228.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras por presión" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/llagas-por-presion-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/pressure-sores/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras por presión (y cáncer)" url="https://www.cancer.org/es/cancer/como-sobrellevar-el-cancer/efectos-secundarios/piel-cabello-unas/ulceras-por-presion.html" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/hair-skin-nails/pressure-sores.html">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
<health-topic meta-desc="Una úlcera péptica es una llaga en la mucosa que recubre el estómago o el duodeno. El síntoma más común es ardor en el estómago. Entérese aquí." title="Úlcera péptica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html" id="2083" language="Spanish" date-created="07/21/2002">
<also-called>Úlcera duodenal</also-called>
<also-called>Úlcera gástrica</also-called>
<full-summary>&lt;p&gt;Una úlcera péptica es una llaga en la mucosa que recubre el estómago o el duodeno, que es la primera parte del intestino delgado. El síntoma más común es un ardor en el estómago.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;El dolor puede:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Aparecer entre comidas o durante la noche &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;	Desaparecer después de comer algo o de tomar un antiácido &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Durar minutos u horas&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Ir y venir por varios días o semanas &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las úlceras pépticas ocurren cuando los ácidos que lo ayudan a digerir los alimentos dañan las paredes del estómago o del duodeno. La causa más común es la infección por una bacteria llamada  &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html"&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/a&gt;. Otra causa es el uso prolongado de antiinflamatorios no esteroides, tales como la aspirina y el ibuprofeno. El estrés y las comidas picantes no causan úlceras, pero pueden empeorarlas.   &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; Para detectar una infección por Helicobacter pylori, el doctor realizará exámenes de sangre, de aliento o fecales. También podrá examinar dentro del estómago y del duodeno haciendo una &lt;a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html"&gt;endoscopía&lt;/a&gt; o rayos X. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Las úlceras pépticas empeorarán si no se tratan. El tratamiento puede incluir medicinas para reducir los ácidos del estómago o antibióticos para matar el Helicobacter pylori. Los antiácidos o la leche no curan las úlceras aunque pueden aliviarlas temporalmente.  Dejar de fumar y evitar el consumo del alcohol puede ayudar. La cirugía puede ser necesaria para las úlceras que no sanan. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=""&gt;NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales &lt;/p&gt;</full-summary>
<group url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivesystem.html" id="2">Sistema digestivo</group>
<language-mapped-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html" id="357" language="English">Peptic Ulcer</language-mapped-topic>
<primary-institute url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nihinstitutes.html#NIDDK">Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</primary-institute>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html" id="2173">Enfermedades del estómago</related-topic>
<related-topic url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html" id="6079">Infecciones por Helicobacter pylori</related-topic>
<see-reference>Úlcera duodenal</see-reference>
<see-reference>Úlcera gástrica</see-reference>
<site title="Cultivo de tejido duodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003730.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003730.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cultivo y biopsia de tejido gástrico" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003728.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003728.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Cómo comprender la endoscopia superior" url="https://www.asge.org/home/for-patients/patient-information/c%C3%B3mo-comprender-la-endoscopia-superior" language-mapped-url="http://www.asge.org/PatientInfoIndex.aspx?id=378">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal</organization>
</site>
<site title="Definición y hechos de las úlceras pépticas (úlceras gástricas)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/definicion-hechos" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/definition-facts">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Diagnóstico de las úlceras pépticas (úlceras gástricas)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/diagnostico" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/diagnosis">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia alta" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/Endoscopy%20-%20upper%20-%20Spanish.pdf" language-mapped-url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/english/Endoscopy%20-%20upper.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-gastrointestinal-superior?dkrd=/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/endoscopia-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-endoscopy">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Estudio del tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/video-uppergi.html">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Exámen de sangre para gastrina" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003697.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003697.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Exámenes para H. pylori" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007501.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007501.htm">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="H. pylori en niños" url="https://www.gikids.org/files/documents/digestive%20topics/spanish/H%20pylori%20-%20Spanish.pdf">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Niños/as</information-category>
<organization>Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas</organization>
<standard-description>PDF</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Heces negras o alquitranosas" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/003130.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003130.htm">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Helicobacter pylori y el cáncer" url="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/hoja-informativa-h-pylori" language-mapped-url="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/h-pylori-fact-sheet">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Asuntos relacionados</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Hemorragia gastrointestinal: Tema de salud de MedlinePlus" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Prueba de sangre oculta en heces" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-oculta-en-heces/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-fobt/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Pruebas de Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori)" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/helicobacter-pylori-h-pylori-tests/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Rayos X del sistema gastrointestinal superior" url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/uppergi" language-mapped-url="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/uppergi">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Colegio Americano de Radiología</organization>
<organization>Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Sangrado gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/sangrado-gastrointestinal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000325.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000325.htm">
<information-category>Asuntos específicos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Síntomas y causas de las úlceras pépticas (úlceras gástricas)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/sintomas-causas" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/symptoms-causes">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Síntomas</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tratamiento para las úlceras pépticas (úlceras gástricas)" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/enfermedades-digestivas/ulceras-pepticas/tratamiento" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/treatment">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito esofagogastroduodenal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/transito-esofagogastroduodenal/" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/barium-swallow/">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Tránsito gastrointestinal" url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/informacion-de-la-salud/pruebas-diagnosticas/transito-esofagogastroduodenal" language-mapped-url="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/upper-gi-series">
<information-category>Diagnóstico y exámenes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</organization>
<standard-description>NIH</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Úlcera estomacal" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/anatomyvideos/000133.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000133.htm">
<information-category>Interactivos y videos</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
<standard-description>Video</standard-description>
</site>
<site title="Úlcera péptica" url="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000206.htm" language-mapped-url="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000206.htm">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout)</information-category>
<organization>Enciclopedia Médica</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlcera péptica" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ulcera-peptica-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/peptic-ulcer-disease/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras" url="https://es.familydoctor.org/condicion/ulceras-es/?adfree=true" language-mapped-url="https://familydoctor.org/condition/ulcers/?adfree=true">
<information-category>Comience aquí</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras (para adolescentes)" url="https://kidshealth.org/es/teens/ulcers.html" language-mapped-url="https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ulcers.html">
<information-category>Adolescentes</information-category>
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Nemours</organization>
</site>
<site title="Úlceras pépticas: Diagnóstico y tratamiento" url="https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229?p=1">
<information-category>Spanish/Español</information-category>
<information-category>Tratamientos y terapias</information-category>
<organization>Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica</organization>
</site>
</health-topic>
</health-topics>
